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Species diversity and genetic variation of caligids (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) infecting the marine fishes of Kerala coast, India

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Abstract

This study reports population structure, host preference, species diversity, seasonality, and genetic variability of caligids infecting the marine food fishes of Kerala coast, India. The survey included 22,629 fishes belonging to 85 species, 65 genera, and 34 families sampled from 6 different stations. Of which 24 species of fish from 24 genera and 14 families were found infected with caligids revealing 5% susceptibility. The recovered caligids included 26 species comprising eight genera and genus Caligus was the dominant one with 18 species (69.23%; 18 out of 26). The prevalence was highly varied irrespective of the host fish family. Sampling stations from the northern Kerala showed higher values of abundance, species number, richness and diversity indices compared to the southern stations. k-dominance plot showed the highest dominance and low diversity of caligids in Azhikkal (Northern station) and lower dominance and high diversity in Kalamukku and Thoppumpadi (Southern stations). Seasonal prevalence revealed the highest infection of caligids during post-monsoon and the lowest during monsoon season. Molecular level identification of recovered caligids using mCOI gene revealed 80 to 93% sequence identity with other parasitic copepods based on BLAST results. Phylogenetically, species of Caligus displayed intra-genus variation of 13–27% (k2p genetic distance). The species of the family Caligidae formed distinct clades from that of the families Lernaeopodidae and Lernanthropidae. Present study also documented host preference, site of infection, seasonality, and genetic divergence of the recovered caligids, all of which are relevant for further exploration of the species diversity and genetic variation of caligids along the Indian coasts and Indo-pacific region as well.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for precise and thoughtful comments and constructive criticism on an earlier version which has led to a better manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by DST-INSPIRE (No. DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2017/IF170696, 04.07.2018). DST-RFBR collaborative research project (No. INT/RUS/RFBR/P-330, 10.01.2019), DST-SERB Research project (No. EMR/2016/001163/AS, 28. 08. 2017), and DST WOS-A (No. SR/WOS-A/LS-78/2018 (G), 28.06.2019).

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  1. Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India

    MV Nikhila Reshmi, TA Jose Priya & Sudha Kappalli

  2. Post Graduate Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Sree Narayana College, Kannur, Kerala, 670 007, India

    K Rijin, OK Drisya & Sudha Kappalli

Authors
  1. MV Nikhila Reshmi
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  2. K Rijin
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  3. OK Drisya
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  4. TA Jose Priya
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  5. Sudha Kappalli
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to TA Jose Priya or Sudha Kappalli.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

No approval of research ethics committees was required to accomplish the goals of this study because experimental work was conducted with unregulated invertebrate species.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

Data availability

Findings from the data collection (parasitological indices and biodiversity indices) reported in this manuscript are submitted as supplementary files along with the manuscript. The genetic data reported in the manuscript are deposited in the GenBank database and the corresponding accession numbers are cited in the manuscript.

Author contribution

MVNR worked on the topic, analysed and processed the data and made the first draft of the manuscript. KR & OKD contributed for sampling and analysis.  TAJP & SK drew out the concept, supervised the work and finalized the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Communicated by S. Gollner

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Nikhila Reshmi, M., Rijin, K., Drisya, O. et al. Species diversity and genetic variation of caligids (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) infecting the marine fishes of Kerala coast, India. Mar. Biodivers. 52, 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01227-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01227-3

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