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Distribution and diversity of the Opheliidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) on the continental shelf and slope of Iceland, with a review of the genus Ophelina in northeast Atlantic waters and description of two new species

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Abstract

The diversity, taxonomy and distribution of the Opheliidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) in Icelandic waters is reviewed based on material collected during the BIOICE project. Nine opheliid species are recorded from Iceland; of these, three were previously reported in the area (Ophelia limacina, Ophelina cylindricaudata and O. acuminata), four are new for Icelandic waters (Ammotrypanella cf. arctica, Ophelina abranchiata, O. helgolandica and Tachytrypane jeffreisii), and two are new to science. Ophelina basicirra sp. nov. is distinguished by having a narrow anal tube with one short proximal anal cirrus in ventral position. Ophelina bowitzi sp. nov. is characterized by the small size of its anterior branchiae, which become larger in the middle and posterior body regions, and by an upwardly bent anal tube that is wide at the base and narrowing distally. The genera Euzonus, Armandia and Polyophthalmus are not represented in the BIOICE samples. The distribution of each species off Iceland is presented; one species is restricted to shallow waters of northwestern fjords, three species are found south of the GIF Ridge, and five species are circumicelandic. Several body characters with taxonomic relevance in some species are reviewed based on SEM images. Furthermore, as a first step towards a future revision of the genus Ophelina Örsted 1843 in North Atlantic waters, the status of each species originally described or subsequently reported from the area is commented on, and a key to the currently valid species is presented. Ophelina longicephala Hartmann-Schröder, 1977, formerly a subspecies of O. delapidans (Kinberg, 1866), is raised to species status.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the research projects Fauna Ibérica VIII: Annelida Polychaeta III (CGL2004-04680-C10-02) and Fauna Iberica IX: Annelida Polychaeta IV (CGL2007-66786-C08-02), Gobierno de España (Spain). Several grants from the European Union’s TMR (Training and Mobility of Researchers) program and the UDC financed several visit of senior author (JP) to the SMC. JP also gratefully acknowledges Synthesis support made available by the European Community—Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 Structuring the European Research Area (Projects DK-TAF-3118 and SE-TAF-4599) to visit the Zoologisk Museum, University of Copenhagen, and the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm). D. Eibye-Jacobsen and M.T. Tøttrup (ZMUC) and E. Sigvaldadottir and K. Sindemark (SMNH) are greatly acknowledged for their help during JP stay in both institutions. Special thanks to S. Bragadottir and the rest of the women of the SMC involved in sorting the specimens from the BIOICE samples. The authors wish to thank J. Gil (CSIC Blanes, Spain) by making available to us relevant bibliography, C.A. Högström (Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum, Sweden) for sending photographs of the type material of O. nybelini, A. Castro and C. Sueiro (SAIN, UDC) who assisted with the preparation of specimens and use of the SEM, D. Romero (UDC) for the line drawings, N. Sánchez (UDC) and G. Gudmundsson (IMNH) for the maps and J. García-Carracedo for reviewing the English version of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to M. Schüller, D. Eibye-Jacobsen and ODE editors for their helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Spain

    Julio Parapar

  2. Estación de Bioloxía Mariña da Graña, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa da Ribeira 1, A Graña, 15590, Ferrol, Spain

    Juan Moreira

  3. Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Juan Moreira

  4. Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Gudmundur V. Helgason

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  1. Julio Parapar
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  2. Juan Moreira
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  3. Gudmundur V. Helgason
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Correspondence to Julio Parapar.

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Parapar, J., Moreira, J. & Helgason, G.V. Distribution and diversity of the Opheliidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) on the continental shelf and slope of Iceland, with a review of the genus Ophelina in northeast Atlantic waters and description of two new species. Org Divers Evol 11, 83–105 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2

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