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Phylogenetic insights resolve Dacampiaceae (Pleosporales) as polyphyletic: Didymocyrtis (Pleosporales, Phaeosphaeriaceae) with Phoma-like anamorphs resurrected and segregated from Polycoccum (Trypetheliales, Polycoccaceae fam. nov.)

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Abstract

A phylogenetic analysis of nuLSU and ITS sequences representing genera previously included in Dacampiaceae indicates that the family is strongly polyphyletic and that the type species of Dacampia is placed in Pleosporales. The genus Munkovalsaria s. str. is placed in Didymosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales). Polycoccum s. str. and two species of Clypeococcum are shown to form a new lineage sister to the Trypetheliaceae in Trypetheliales and described here as Polycoccaceae. Other members of Polycoccum s. lat. are included in the Pleosporales and are closely related to lichenicolous Phoma-like species of the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. The genus Didymocyrtis is resurrected for these species and for lichenicolous species previously assigned to Diederichia, Diederichomyces, Leptosphaeria and Phoma. The genera Diederichia and Diederichomyces are synonymized with Didymocyrtis. The new combinations Didymocyrtis bryonthae, D. cladoniicola, D. foliaceiphila, D. infestans, D. kaernefeltii, D. melanelixiae, D. pseudeverniae, D. ramalinae, D. slaptoniensis and D. xanthomendozae are made, and the new name D. epiphyscia is introduced for Phoma physciicola. Some anamorph-teleomorph relationships are resolved, such as Didymocyrtis ramalinae–Phoma ficuzzae and Didymocyrtis consimilis–Phoma caloplacae, the phylogenetic results being supported by single ascospore cultures that lead to the asexual stage producing pycnidia and conidia in culture. Speciation by host switching is assumed to be important in the genus Didymocyrtis. An identification key to Didymocyrtis species is provided.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the curators of herbaria and the owners of private collections cited in Materials and Methods for the loan of specimens. Javier Etayo and Richard Harris are acknowledged for their help concerning Didymocyrtis melanelixiae; J.E. also for Leptosphaeria protousneae; and Alain Mora, Bernadette Mora and Jean-Pierre Duvivier for Didymocyrtis slaptoniensis. Ann Bogaerts, Cyrille Gerstmans, Myriam Dehaan and Wim Baert are thanked for technical assistance. Finally, the first author acknowledges financial support from the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) from Belgium (F.R.F.C. 2.4567.08).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Bryophytes-Thallophytes (BT), Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860, Meise, Belgium

    Damien Ertz

  2. Musée national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, L-2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Paul Diederich

  3. Department of Biology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    James D. Lawrey

  4. Raiffeisenweg 130, A-4794, Kopfing, Austria

    Franz Berger

  5. Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Stn. “D”, Ottawa, Ontarion, K1P 6P4, Canada

    Colin E. Freebury

  6. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK

    Brian Coppins

  7. 14 rue Roulette, F-21260, Véronnes, France

    Alain Gardiennet

  8. Institute for Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010, Graz, Austria

    Josef Hafellner

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  1. Damien Ertz
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Correspondence to Damien Ertz.

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Ertz, D., Diederich, P., Lawrey, J.D. et al. Phylogenetic insights resolve Dacampiaceae (Pleosporales) as polyphyletic: Didymocyrtis (Pleosporales, Phaeosphaeriaceae) with Phoma-like anamorphs resurrected and segregated from Polycoccum (Trypetheliales, Polycoccaceae fam. nov.). Fungal Diversity 74, 53–89 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0345-6

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