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Genome evolution and phylogenetic relationships in Opuntia tehuacana (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae)

  • Systematics, Phylogeny & Floristics - Original Article
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Abstract

This study is focused on the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley (Oaxaca, Mexico), which has a high diversity of Opuntia species whose phylogenetic relationships and chromosome numbers are mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate the phylogenetic position of Opuntia tehuacana and its sympatric species and to analyze the ploidy levels in five O. tehuacana localities. We performed phylogenetic analysis under Bayesian inference using three chloroplast markers (matK, ycf1 and psbJ-petA) and two nuclear introns (AT3G48380 and AT1G18270) as well as chromosome counts for three Opuntia species and flow cytometry analysis in O. tehuacana. In a broad phylogenetic context, O. tehuacana is a member of the Basilares clade, as are most of its sympatric species, except for Opuntia decumbens, Opuntia lasiacantha, and Opuntia huajuapensis, which are in the Nopalea clade. The comparison between nuclear and plastid trees showed incongruences for the positions of the eight analyzed Opuntia species, although the O. tehuacana clade was recovered by both analyses. Furthermore, the phylogeny of nuclear evidence showed a geographic structure congruent with the sampled localities for O. tehuacana. The ploidy levels of O. tehuacana are 11x and 12x, the highest reported thus far for the genus, whereas for Opuntia pilifera it is 8x and for O. huajuapensis it is 2x. Finally, we found that the significant differences among O. tehuacana genome sizes and the high ploidy level might be due to multiple polyploidization events occurring between individuals from the same species and involving other Opuntia species.

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Acknowledgements

This article is part of the doctoral research of X. Granados, who thanks the graduate program Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and the scholarships provided by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. We thank Yolanda Morales, Daniel Franco, Brenda Calderón, and Cristian Cervantes (Jardín Botánico, UNAM) for supporting the field work, Ulises Rosas and Andrea R. Jiménez (Jardín Botánico and Instituto de Biología, UNAM) for their support in molecular laboratory work, Miriam Ladd Otero for her support in flow cytometry work at Jardín Botánico, UNAM, Andrea Bedoya López and Evelyn Alvarez (Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo) for their support in flow cytometry work, Jaroslav Dolezel (Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Republic) for kindly providing control seeds for flow cytometry studies, the Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo (LABNALCIT) at Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and the LANABIO laboratories at Jardín Botánico and Instituto de Biología, UNAM. This contribution was financially supported by UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT <IN208619> Granted to S. A.

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  1. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Xochitl Granados-Aguilar

  2. Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Xochitl Granados-Aguilar, Guadalupe Palomino, Javier Martínez-Ramón & Salvador Arias

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  1. Xochitl Granados-Aguilar
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  2. Guadalupe Palomino
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  4. Salvador Arias
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. XG-A helped in investigation, formal analysis, methodology, writing of the original draft, text revision, and editing. GP contributed to methodology conceptualization, text revision, and editing. JM-R performed methodology conceptualization, formal analysis, text revision, and editing. SA is a researcher leading this study and obtaining financial support. All of the authors approved the submitted version of this manuscript.

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Granados-Aguilar, X., Palomino, G., Martínez-Ramón, J. et al. Genome evolution and phylogenetic relationships in Opuntia tehuacana (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae). Braz. J. Bot 45, 957–969 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00821-4

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