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Is the Gill Skeleton of Acorn Worms (Enteropneusta) Similar to the Gill Skeleton of Amphioxus (Cephalochordata)?

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Abstract

The gill skeleton of the enteropneust Saccoglossus mereschkowskii consists of a series of tridents. The central prong of each trident bifurcates in its ventral end. The most anterior gill skeletal element has a simple horseshoe shape. Homologues of the elements of the enteropneust gill apparatus were found in the structure of the gill apparatus of Cephalochordata. The organization of the gill skeleton of Enteropneusta and Cephalochordata can be derived from the metameric horseshoe-shaped elements. The similarity of the structure of the gill skeleton of Enteropneusta and Cephalochordata contradicts a common “upside-down theory” of the origin of Chordata.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to the anonymous reviewer of the manuscript for valuable corrections and assistance in achieving clarity of presentation of our ideas to readers.

Funding

Sampling of the material and its histological investigation were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-04-00909-а; 3D reconstruction and preparation of graphics and manuscript were supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 18-74-10025.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    O. V. Ezhova &  V. V. Malakhov

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  1. O. V. Ezhova
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  2. V. V. Malakhov
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Correspondence to O. V. Ezhova.

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Conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Translated by E. Kuznetsova

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Ezhova, O.V., Malakhov, V.V. Is the Gill Skeleton of Acorn Worms (Enteropneusta) Similar to the Gill Skeleton of Amphioxus (Cephalochordata)?. Dokl Biol Sci 494, 232–235 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S001249662005004X

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