Abstract
Two species of the genus Bathycrinus were found in the Yap and Palau trenches. B. longicolumnalis n. sp. differs from other Bathycrinus species in having strongly bent lateral wings on the primibrachials and very elongate mesistele columnals. Ratio of length to diameter in the most elongate columnal is 7.1. The knobby processes are present in B. longicolumnalis sp. nov. from upper hadal zone (6445–7170 m), and they absent in B. kirilli from lower hadal zone (7970–8720 m). A similar difference has been previously noted between the upper and lower hadal Bathycrinus inhabiting the North Pacific trenches: B. rozhnovi and B. longipinnus from the depths 5595–7245 m are with knobby processes, while B. kirilli and B. volubilis from the depths 8175–9735 m lack this processes. The hadal echinoderm fauna of the Palau and Yap trenches includes 19 species. Of these, 15 species are known from the Palau Trench and 10 species—from the Yap Trench.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Bather, F.A., A phylogenetic classification of the Pelmatozoa, Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1899, pp. 916–923.
Belyaev, G.M., Benthic Fauna of the Ultraabyssal Depths of the World Ocean, Moscow: Nauka, 1966 (in Russian); Hadal bottom fauna of the World Ocean, Washington: Smithsonian Institution-NSF, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1972.
Belyaev, G.M., New records of ultra-abyssal starfishes of the family Porcellanasteridae, Zool. Zh., 1985, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 538–548.
Belyaev, G.M., Deep-Sea Ocean Trenches and Their Fauna, Moscow: Nauka, 1989 (in Russian); Beliaev, G.M., Deep-Sea Ocean Trenches and Their Fauna, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Technical Report, 2004.
Belyaev, G.M. and Litvinova, N.M., New genera and species of deep-sea Ophiuroidea, Byulleten’ Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelej Prirody. Otdel Biologicheskiy, 1972, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 5–20.
Belyaev, G.M. and Mironov, A.N., Bottom fauna of the West Pacific deep-sea trenches, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii AN SSSR, 1977a, vol. 108, pp. 7–24.
Belyaev, G.M. and Mironov, A.N., Holothurians of the genus Myriotrochus from the deep-sea trenches of the Pacific Ocean, Trudy Instituta Okeanologii AN SSSR, 1977b, vol. 108, pp. 165–172.
Clark, A.H., Two new crinoids from the North Pacific Ocean, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 1907a, vol. 32, pp. 507–512. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.32-1543.507
Clark, A.H., A new stalked crinoid (Ptilocrinus pinnatus) from the Pacific coast with a note on Bathycrinus, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 1907b, vol. 32, 551–554. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.32-1547.551
Clark, A.H., Five new recent crinoids from the North Pacific Ocean, Smithson. Misc. Collect., 1907c, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 337–342.
Clark, A.H., Notice of some crinoids in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1908, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 233–248.
Danielssen, D.C. and Koren, J., Fra den norske Nordhavsexpedition: Echinodermer, Nyt Mag. Natur., 1877, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 45–83.
Gislén, T., A revision of the recent Bathycrinidae, with a study of their phylogeny and geographical distribution, Lunds Univ. Arsskr., Neue Folge, 1938, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1–30.
Gislén, T., Crinoids from depths exceeding 6000 meters, Galathea Rep., 1956, vol. 2, pp. 61–62.
France, S.C., Geographic variation among three isolated populations of the hadal amphipod Hirondellea gigas (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea), Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser., 1993, vol. 92, pp. 277–287.
Fujiwara, T., Tamura, C., Nishizawa, A., Fujioka, K., Kobayashi, K., and Iwabuchi, Y., Morphology and tectonics of the Yap Trench, Mar. Geophys. Res., 2000, vol. 21, pp. 69–86.
Jamieson, A., The Hadal Zone: Life in the Deepest Ocean, Cambridge: University Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139061384.
Kobayashi, K., Origin of the Palau and Yap trench-arc systems, Geophys. J. Int., 2004, vol. 157, pp. 1303–1315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02244.x
Lemenkova, P., Automatic data processing for visualising Yap and Palau Trenches by Generic Mapping Tools, Cartographic Lett., 2019, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 72–89.
Lemche, H., Hansen, B., Madsen, F.J., Tendal, O.S., and Wolff, T., Hadal life as analysed from photographs, Vid. Medd. Fra Dansk Natur. For., 1976, vol. 139, pp. 263–336.
Litvinova, N.M., Catalogue of brittle stars Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea of the world ocean, from the Collection of the Laboratory of Ocean Benthic Fauna, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: Lenand, 2010.
McKnight, D.G., Stalked crinoids from the New Zealand region, New Zealand Oceanogr. Inst. Rec., 1973, vol. 1, no. 14, pp. 199–210.
Mironov, A.N., Holasteroid echinoids, 2. Pourtalesia, Zool. Zh., 1995, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 59–75.
Mironov, A.N., Holasteroid echinoids, 4. Echinosigra, Zool. Zh., 1997, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 173–186.
Mironov, A.N., New taxa of stalked crinoids from the suborder Bourgueticrinina (Echinodermata, Crinoidea), Zool. Zh., 2000, vol. 79, no. 6, pp. 712–728.
Mironov, A.N., Stalked crinoids of the family Bathycrinidae (Echinodermata) from the eastern Pacific, Invertebrate Zoology, 2008, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 133–153.
Mironov, A.N., See lilies of the genus Bathycrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea: Bathycrinidae) from the North-West Pacific hadal trenches, Zootaxa, 2019, vol. 4604, no. 3, pp. 401–427. https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/.
Mironov, A.N., Dilman, A.B., Gebruk, A.V., Kremenetskaia, A.V., Minin, K.V., and Smirnov, I.S., Echinoderms of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, Prog. Oceanogr., 2020, vol. 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102217
ji, T., Ogawa, Y., Hunter, A.W., and Kitazawa, K., Discovery of dense aggregations of stalked crinoids in Izu-Ogasawara Trench, Japan, Zool. Sci., vol. 26, pp. 406–408. 10.2108/zsj.26.40
Roux, M. and Messing, C.G., Stalked crinoids collected off California with descriptions of three new genera and two new species of Hyocrinidae (Echinodermata), Pac. Sci., 2017, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 329–365. https://doi.org/10.2984/71.3.7
Roux, M., Messing, C.G., and Améziane, N., An artificial key to the genera of living stalked crinoids (Echinodermata), Bull. Mar. Sci., 2002, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 799–830.
Thomson, C.W., On the crinoids of the “Porcupine” deep-sea dredging expedition, Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh, 1872, vol. 7, pp. 764–773. https://doi.org/10.1017/S037016460004308X
Thomson, C.W., Notice on new living crinoids belonging to the Apiocrinidae, J. Linn. Soc. London, 1876, vol. 13, pp. 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1876.tb00208.x
Zenkevitch, L.A., Birstein, G.M., and Belyaev, G.M., The bottom fauna of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, Tr. Inst. Okeanol. im. P. P. Shirshova, Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1955, vol. 127, pp. 345–381.
Zhang, R., Zhou, Y., Lu, B., and Wang, C., A new species in the genus Styracaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Porcellanasteridae) from hadal depth of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific, Zootaxa, 2017, vol.4338, no. 1, pp. 153–162.
Zhang, R., Wang, C., Zhou, Y., and Zhang, H., Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new species in genus Freyastera (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Freyellidae), with a revised key to those species and ecological remarks, Deep Sea Res.: Part I, 2019, vol. 154, no. 103163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163
Zhang, Z.Y., Dong, D.D., Sun, W.D., Wu, S.G., Bai, Y.L., Wang, X.J., and Fan, J.K., Subduction erosion, crustal structure, and an evolutionary model of the northern Yap subduction zone: New observations from the latest geophysical survey, Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 2019, vol. 20. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007751
Wang, C., Zhou, Y., Jiang, D., and Han, J., Report of a chiton in the genus Leptochiton (Lepidopleurida: Lepidopleurina: Leptochitonidae) from the Yap Trench in the West Pacific *Ocean, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 2018, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 205–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1327-9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank the crew of the RV Xiangyanghong 9 and the Jiaolong team, for their help in collecting samples. We thank Antonina Kremenetskaia and Andrey Gebruk for support in identification of holothurians. This work was supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (no. 2015CB755902), the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association Program (no. DY135-E2-2-03) and the Minobrnauki of Russian Federation State assignment no. 0149-2019-0009 and Agreement no. 075-15-2020-796.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mironov, A.N., Zhang, D. & Wang, C. Sea Lilies of the Genus Bathycrinus (Crinoidea, Bathycrinidae) from the Yap and Palau Trenches. Paleontol. J. 55, 1019–1028 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121090094
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121090094