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Hypersymbionts and Hyperparasites of Parasitic Crustacea

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Parasitic Crustacea

Part of the book series: Zoological Monographs ((ZM,volume 3))

Abstract

Microsporidians, peritrich ciliates, udonellids, tantulocarids and parasitic isopods have been found associated with parasitic crustaceans, i.e. Branchiura, parasitic Copepoda and Isopoda, as well as Rhizocephala (parasitic Cirripedia). Information on the Microsporida found in parasitic Copepoda are scarce, whilst infestation in gregarines, myxosporidia, cestodes and trematodes has been reported. Information is provided from known records of hypersymbiont infestations, as well as some unpublished data collected of peritrichs (Epistylis and Vorticella) found on the fish parasites Dolops and Argulus (Branchiura), members of Lernaea and Opistolernaea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) and Ergasilus (Copepoda: Ergasilidae). The genus Doropygus (Copepoda), found in the branchial chamber of redbait (Ascidiacea), also harbours peritrichs. These hypersymbionts take the association to the next level, as the ciliates themselves harbour zoochlorellae. Helminths of the family Udonellidae are found associated with caligids and sometimes branchiurans, which occur on the skin of marine fishes. Tantulocaridans (Hypertantulus siphonicola) have been reported from siphonostomatoid copepods. Cabiropidae (Cabirops) are hyperparasites found in the brood pouch of bopyrid hosts, and C. orbionei might be considered as biological control for bopyrids, which are found on penaeid shrimps. Four genera of the family Cryptoniscidae (Liriopsis, Cryptoniscus, Hemioniscus and Danalia) and one genus of the family Cabiropidae (Perezina) are parasites of rhizocephalans that are parasitic on decapod hosts.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Dr Kevin Christison, from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Cape Town, for the image of Udonella australis on a caligid from the silver kob.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

    Liesl L. van As

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  1. Liesl L. van As
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Correspondence to Liesl L. van As .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. North-West University, and Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management , Potchefstroom, Northwest, South Africa

    Nico J. Smit

  2. Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia, and Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

    Niel L. Bruce

  3. Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

    Kerry A. Hadfield

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van As, L.L. (2019). Hypersymbionts and Hyperparasites of Parasitic Crustacea. In: Smit, N., Bruce, N., Hadfield, K. (eds) Parasitic Crustacea. Zoological Monographs, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17385-2_8

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