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Salmonella Arthritis

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Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases

Abstract

Salmonella spp. are gram-negative bacilli with a set of virulence factors that allow them to develop gastrointestinal tract involvement, manifested as severe diarrhoea and enteric fever syndrome, as well as extra-intestinal involvement. They have been associated with different infectious and non-infectious diseases. Since the early nineteenth century, typhoid fever has been a topic of debate. Clinical manifestations of Salmonella infections depend on the serovar involved; although most patients exhibit typical enteric fever syndrome or gastroenteritis, up to 2% develop Salmonella arthritis, which can manifest as reactive arthritis (ReA) or septic arthritis (SA).

ReA refers to immune-mediated joint damage with aseptic synovitis, usually with polyarticular involvement, whereas SA refers to the direct involvement of joint tissues by Salmonella bacilli, usually following haematogenous spread from a gastrointestinal focus and with a monoarticular compromise. Although it is infrequent, Salmonella arthritis is responsible for an important proportion of mortality and permanent disability. Therefore, awareness regarding these conditions must be raised among clinicians and researchers to improve their prevention, early diagnosis and adequate treatment.

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Abbreviations

DMARDs:

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

EFS:

Enteric fever syndrome

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

NSAIDs:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

ReA:

Reactive arthritis

SA:

Septic arthritis

SCV:

Salmonella-containing vacuole

SPI-1:

Salmonella pathogenicity island 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GIRAT (Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional), Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

    Gabriel J. Tobón & Ivana Nieto-Aristizábal

  2. GIRAT (Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional), School of Medicine, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

    Juan Esteban Garcia-Robledo

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  1. LSU Health Sciences at New Orleans, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Luis R. Espinoza

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Tobón, G.J., Garcia-Robledo, J.E., Nieto-Aristizábal, I. (2019). Salmonella Arthritis. In: Espinoza, L. (eds) Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23311-2_5

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