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The Scientific Explorations for Deep-Sea Fishes in Brazil: The Known Knowns, the Known Unknowns, and the Unknown Unknowns

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Brazilian Deep-Sea Biodiversity

Part of the book series: Brazilian Marine Biodiversity ((BMB))

Abstract

The deep sea is the largest and one of the most extreme environments on Earth. It is estimated that 10–15% of all fish species are dwelling in the deep sea, most of which have unique morphological and physiological adaptations. Biological expeditions to sample the deep ocean off Brazil started with the British HMS Challenger Expedition (1872–1876), followed by a few fishery stations made by the German RV Ernst Haeckel (1966) and the North-American MIV Oregon II (1957–1975), the cruises of the French RVs Marion Dufresne (1987) and Thalassa (1999, 2000), the Brazilian RV Atlântico Sul (1996–1999), the FV Diadorim and FV Soloncy Moura (1996–2002), OSB Astro Garoupa (2003), and, more recently, the American RV Luke Thomas and Seward Johnson (2009, 2011), the French RV Antea (2015, 2017), and the Brazilian RV Alpha Crucis. A total of 712 species of deep-sea fishes were recorded, including five species of Myxini, six species of Holocephali, 81 species of Elasmobrachii, and 620 species of Actinopteri. As in other parts of the world, the Brazilian deep-sea ichthyofauna struggles under severe anthropogenic impacts caused by the commercial fishing, and the extraction of oil and gas. The deep ocean is a delicate environment and its recovery is considerably slower than an equivalent in shallow water habitat. Therefore, increasing the research efforts is needed to avoid that part of its diversity disappear without our accurate knowledge.

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Acknowledgements

We are deeply indebted to Paulo Sumida and Alexandre Turra (IOUSP) for the opportunity and comments, and the crew of the RV Alpha Crucis under the commandment of José H. M. Rezende, for assistance during the DEEP-OCEAN project. We also would like to thank Paulo A. Buckup, Marcelo R. de Britto and Cristiano R. Oliveira (MNRJ), Alessio D. Silva, Mario C. C. de Pinna, José L. de Figueiredo, Michel D. Gianetti and Osvaldo T. Oyakawa (MZUSP) for allowing access to scientific collections; Polyana Roque (UFRPE), Alfredo Carvalho-Filho (Fish Bizz), Flavia L. Frédou (UFRPE) Cristiano R. Moreira (MNRJ) for providing informations about several scientific projects; Amanda A. Gomes, Flavia T. Masumoto, Barbara B. Bouquerel, and Rayane S. França (IOUSP) for helping to review the species lists, and to the librarians Maria Pureza and Isair de Souza (IOUSP), Dione Seripierri (MZUSP) and the Biodiversity Heritage Library (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/) for making available the literature necessary for this work. Financial support was provided to MRSM by FAPESP (#2017/12909-4) and CNPq (#433050/2016-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Marcelo Roberto Souto de Melo

  2. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Rodrigo Antunes Caires

  3. Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA

    Tracey T. Sutton

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  1. Marcelo Roberto Souto de Melo
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Correspondence to Marcelo Roberto Souto de Melo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida

  2. Grupo de Ecologia Bêntica, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

    Angelo Fraga Bernardino

  3. Ocean Networks Canada and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

    Fabio Cabrera De Léo

Appendix (Tables 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6)

Appendix (Tables 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6)

Table 7.3 Checklist of the deep-sea species of Myxini recorded in the Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone
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Table 7.4 Checklist of the deep-sea species of Chondrichthyes (Holocephali and Elasmobranchii) recorded in the Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone
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Table 7.5 Checklist of the deep-sea species of Actinopterygii recorded in the Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone
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Table 7.6 List of species previously reported from the Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone, excluded from the current account
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de Melo, M.R.S., Caires, R.A., Sutton, T.T. (2020). The Scientific Explorations for Deep-Sea Fishes in Brazil: The Known Knowns, the Known Unknowns, and the Unknown Unknowns. In: Sumida, P.Y.G., Bernardino, A.F., De Léo, F.C. (eds) Brazilian Deep-Sea Biodiversity. Brazilian Marine Biodiversity . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53222-2_7

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