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African Migration to Brazil in the Twenty-First Century: New Trajectories and Old Paradigms

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African Migrants and the Refugee Crisis

Abstract

In the last two decades, Brazil has seen deep changes in its political, economic, social, and cultural structures. Related to these changes, the country’s immigration profile also perceived structural and conjunctural changes. If in the early 2000s Brazil envisioned a progressive government and a timid immigration flow, where Africans were in the last positions of Brazilian migration statistics, in 2019/2020 the scenario would be different: a far-right and anti-immigration government and a considerable African immigrant population is one of the largest groups in the country.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Silva, Luiz Inácio Lula da. “Comunicado Conjunto da Visita Oficial de sua Excelência Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil à República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe.” 2003. Accessed September 25, 2019. https://concordia.itamaraty.gov.br/detalhamento/5053

  2. 2.

    Uebel, Roberto Rodolfo Georg. “Política externa migratória brasileira: das migrações de perspectiva à hiperdinamização das migrações durante os governos Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff.” PhD diss., Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2018.

  3. 3.

    Herédia, Vania Beatriz Merlotti. Migrações Internacionais: o caso dos senegaleses no Sul do Brasil. Caxias do Sul: Quatrilho Editorial, 2015.

  4. 4.

    Rizzi, Kamilla Raquel and Isabella Cruzichi da Silva. “A CPLP como mecanismo de atuação do Brasil no Atlântico Sul: a ampliação da cooperação, os desafios e a possibilidade de liderança.” Revista Brasileira de Estudos Africanos 2, no. 4 (2017): 32–63. https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/rbea/article/view/79143/47055

  5. 5.

    Santos, José Rebelo dos, Maria Filomena Mendes, and Conceição Peixe Rego. “A imigração Africana em Portugal nos últimos vinte anos: oportunidades e ameaças no mercado de trabalho.” 2012. Accessed September 25, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8886

  6. 6.

    Divisão de Temas Educacionais. “Histórico do PEC-PG.” Accessed September 25, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8886

  7. 7.

    Rousseff, Dilma. “Discurso da Presidenta da República Dilma Rousseff na Cerimônia de Abertura da III Cúpula América do Sul-África.” 2013. Accessed September 25, 2019. http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-BR/discursos-artigos-e-entrevistas/presidente-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil-discursos/4693-discurso-da-presidenta-da-republica-dilma-rousseff-na-cerimonia-de-abertura-da-iii-cupula-america-do-sul-africa

  8. 8.

    Uebel, Roberto Rodolfo Georg. “Panorama e perfil da imigração senegalesa no Rio Grande do Sul no início do século XXI.” Boletim Geográfico do Rio Grande do Sul 1, no. 28 (2016b): 56–77. https://revistas.fee.tche.br/index.php/boletim-geografico-rs/article/view/3731

  9. 9.

    Silva, César Augusto da. “A política brasileira para refugiados (1998–2012).” PhD diss., Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul., 2013.

  10. 10.

    Ventura, Deisy. “Entre falácias e fronteiras: migrações e refúgio nas relações internacionais contemporâneas.” 2017. Accessed September 25, 2019. http://www.encontro2017.abri.org.br/programacao

  11. 11.

    Tedesco, João Carlos and Pedro Alcides Trindade de Mello. Senegaleses no Centro-Norte do Rio Grande do Sul: imigração laboral e dinâmica social. Porto Alegre: Letra&Vida, 2015.

  12. 12.

    Uebel, Roberto Rodolfo Georg. “Análise do perfil socioespacial das migrações internacionais para o Rio Grande do Sul no início do século XXI: redes, atores e cenários da imigração haitiana e senegalesa.” Master’s thesis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. See also; Ibid, Uebel, 2016b.

  13. 13.

    Zylberkan, Mariana. “Ganenses usam Copa para pedir refúgio e ficar no Brasil.” Revista Veja, 2014. https://veja.abril.com.br/brasil/ganeses-usam-copa-para-pedir-refugio-e-ficar-no-brasil/

  14. 14.

    They are not considered here the historical and ethnic ties between Brazil and Africa and the African-Brazilian portion of the population, arising from the slave period between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, almost early twentieth century. What is under discussion is regular twenty-first century migratory flows, based on economic, labor, and political motivations, totally different from the forced slave migrations of the past.

  15. 15.

    Domingues, Fernanda. “Ganenses com visto para a Copa tentam vida no Brasil.” R7, July 20, 2014. https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/ganenses-com-visto-para-a-copa-tentam-vida-no-brasil-20072014

  16. 16.

    Ibid, Zylberkan 2014.

  17. 17.

    Holanda, Sérgio Buarque de. Racines du Brésil. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 1998.

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Uebel, R.R.G. (2021). African Migration to Brazil in the Twenty-First Century: New Trajectories and Old Paradigms. In: Abegunrin, O., Abidde, S.O. (eds) African Migrants and the Refugee Crisis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56642-5_10

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