Abstract
Myanmar is a country with rich natural resources and of these, medicinal plants play a vital role in the primary health care of its population. The people of Myanmar have used their own system of traditional medicine inclusive of the use of medicinal plants for 2000 years. However, systematic and scientific studies have only recently begun to be reported. Researchers from Japan, Germany, and Korea have collaborated with researchers in Myanmar on medicinal plants since 2000. During the past two decades, over 50 publications have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Altogether, 433 phytoconstituents, including 147 new and 286 known compounds from 26 plant species consisting of 29 samples native to Myanmar, have been collated. In this contribution, phytochemical and biological investigations of these plants, including information on traditional knowledge are compiled and discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gupta GL, Nigam SS (1970) Chemical examination of the leaves of Acacia concinna. Planta Med 18:55
Sekine T, Fukasawa N, Ikegami F, Saito K, Fujii Y, Murakoshi I (1997) Structure and synthesis of a new monoterpenoidal carboxamide from the seeds of the Thai medicinal plant Acacia concinna. Chem Pharm Bull 45:148
Tezuka Y, Honda K, Banskota AH, Thet MM, Kadota S (2000) Kinmoonosides A−C, three new cytotoxic saponins from the fruits of Acacia concinna, a medicinal plant collected in Myanmar. J Nat Prod 63:1658
Kiuchi F, Gafur MA, Obata T, Tachibana A, Tsuda Y (1997) Acacia concinna saponins. II. Structures of monoterpenoid glycosides in the alkaline hydrolysate of the saponin fraction. Chem Pharm Bull 45:807
Okada Y, Koyama K, Takahashi K, Okuyama T, Shibata S (1980) Gleditsia saponins I. Structures of monoterpene moieties of Gleditsia saponin C. Planta Med 40:185
Ikeda T, Fujiwara S, Kinjo J, Nohara T, Ida Y, Shoji J, Shingu T, Isobe R, Kajimoto T (1995) Three new triterpenoidal saponins acylated with monoterpenic acid from Albizziae Cortex. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 68:3483
Ikeda T, Fujiwara S, Araki K, Kinjo J, Nohara T, Miyoshi T (1997) Cytotoxic glycosides from Albizia julibrissin. J Nat Prod 60:102
Pal BC, Achari B, Yoshikawa K, Arihara S (1995) Saponins from Albizia lebbeck. Phytochemistry 38:1287
Gafur MA, Obata T, Kiuchi F, Tsuda Y (1997) Acacia concinna saponins. I. Structures of prosapogenols, concinnosides A−F, isolated from the alkaline hydrolysate of the highly polar saponin fraction. Chem Pharm Bull 45:620
Franks LM, Teich NM (eds) (1997) Introduction to the cellular and molecular biology of cancer, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, p 343
Anonymous (1995) Medicinal herb index in Indonesia, 2nd ed. PT Eisai Indonesia, Jakarta, p 263
Bwin M, Gwan S, eds (1967) Burmese indigenous medicinal plants 1. Plants with reputed hypoglycemic action. Burma Medical Research Institute, Yangon, p 126
Anonymous (1999) Health and Myanmar traditional medicine, Ministry of Health, Government of Union of Myanmar, Yangon, p 103
Anonymous (1970) WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific Manila and Institute of Material Medica Hanoi. In: Tran K (ed) Medicinal plants in Vietnam. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, p 271
Takeda Y, Matsumoto T, Terao H, Shingu T, Futatsuishi Y, Nohara T, Kajimoto T (1993) Orthosiphol D and E, minor diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus. Phytochemistry 33:411
Masuda T, Masuda K, Shiragami S, Jitoe A, Nakatani N (1992) Orthosiphol A and B, novel diterpenoid inhibitors of TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced inflammation, from Orthosiphon stamineus. Tetrahedron 48:6787
Sumaryono W, Proksch P, Wray V, Witte L, Hartmann T (1991) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenolic constituents from Orthosiphon aristatus. Planta Med 57:176
Guerin JC, Reveillere HP, Ducrey P, Toupet L (1989) Orthosiphon stamineus as a potent source of methylripariochromene A. J Nat Prod 52:171
Malterud KE, Hanche-Olsen IM, Smith-Kielland I (1989) Flavonoids from Orthosiphon spicatus. Planta Med 55:569
Wollenweber E, Mann K (1985) Weitere Flavonoide aus Orthosiphon spicatus (Further flavonoids from Orthosiphon spicatus). Planta Med 51:459
Shibuya H, Bohgami T, Matsubara T, Watarai M, Ohashi K, Kitagawa I (1999) Indonesian medicinal plants. XXII. Chemical structures of two new isopimarane-type diterpenes, orthosiphonones A and B, and a new benzochromene, orthochromene A, from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae). Chem Pharm Bull 47:695
Ohashi K, Bohgami T, Matsubara T, Shibuya H (2000) Indonesian medicinal plants. XXIII. Chemical structure of two new migrated pimarane-type diterpenes, neoorthosiphols A and B, and suppressive effects on rat thoracic aorta of chemical constituents isolated from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae). Chem Pharm Bull 48:433
Shibuya H, Bohgami T, Ohashi K (1999) Two novel migrated pimarane-type diterpenes, neoorthosiphols A and B, from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae). Chem Pharm Bull 47:911
Tezuka Y, Stampoulis P, Banskota AH, Awale S, Tran KQ, Saiki I, Kadota S (2000) Constituents of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Orthosiphon stamineus. Chem Pharm Bull 48:1711
Stampoulis P, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Tran KQ, Saiki I, Kadota S (1999) Staminol A, a novel diterpene from Orthosiphon stamineus. Tetrahedron Lett 40:4239
Stampoulis P, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Tran KQ, Saiki I, Kadota S (1999) Staminolactones A and B and norstaminol A: three highly oxygenated staminane-type diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus. Org Lett 1:1367
Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Kouda K, Tun KM, Kadota S (2001) Five novel highly oxygenated diterpenes of Orthosiphon stamineus from Myanmar. J Nat Prod 64:592
Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Kouda K, Tun KM, Kadota S (2002) Four novel highly oxygenated isopimarane-type diterpenes of Orthosiphon stamineus. Planta Med 68:286
Chen J, Montanari AM, Widmer WW (1997) Two new polymethoxylated flavones, a class of compounds with potential anticancer activity, isolated from cold pressed Dancy tangerine peel oil solids. J Agric Food Chem 45:364
Nagao T, Abe F, Kinjo J, Okabe H (2002) Antiproliferative constituents in plants 10. Flavones from the leaves of Lantana montevidensis Briq. and consideration of structure-activity relationship. Biol Pharm Bull 25:875
Das B, Chakravarty AK (1993) Three flavone glycosides from Gelonium multiflorum. Phytochemistry 33:493
Bianchini JP, Gaydou EM (1981) Role of water in qualitative and quantitative determination of polymethoxylated flavones by straight-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: application to orange peel oils. J Chromatogr 211:61
Nakata H, Sashida Y, Shimomura H (1982) A new phenolic compound from Heracleum lanatum MICHX. var. nippinicum HARA. II. Chem Pharm Bull 30:4554
Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Kadota S (2003) Inhibition of NO production by highly-oxygenated diterpenes of Orthosiphon stamineus and their structure-activity relationship. Biol Pharm Bull 26:468
Wen J, Zimmer EA (1996) Phylogeny and biogeography of Panax L. (the Ginseng genus, Araliaceae): Inferences from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Mol Phylogenet Evol 6:167
Tanaka O, Kasai R, Norita T (1986) Chemistry of ginseng and related plants. Rec Adv Abstr Chin Med 1:130
Park JD (1996) Recent studies on the chemical constituents of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Korean J Ginseng Sci 20:389
Yun TK, Choi SY, Lee YS, eds (1997) Nontoxic and non-organ specific cancer preventive effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. In: Shibamoto T, Tirao J, Osawa T (eds) Functional foods for disease prevention II, Medicinal plants and other foods, Symposium Series No. 702, American Chemical Society Books, Washington DC, p 162
Siegel RK (1979) Ginseng abuse syndrome. Problems with the panacea. JAMA 241:1614
Liu CX, Xiao PG (1992) Recent advances on ginseng research in China. J Ethnopharmacol 36:27
Sticher O (1998) Getting to the root of ginseng. Chemtech 28:26
Tanaka O (1990) Recent studies on glycosides from plant drugs of Himalaya and south-western China: chemo-geographical correlation of Panax species. Pure Appl Chem 62:1281
Zhou J, Huang WG, Wu MZ, Yang CR, Feng GM, Wu ZY (1975) Triterpenoids from Panax Linn., and their relationship with taxonomy and geographical distribution. Acta Phytotaxon Sin 13:29
Tran QL, Than MM, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Kouda K, Watanabe H, Zhu S, Komatsu K, Thet MM, Swe T, Maruyama Y, Kadota S (2003) Wild ginseng grows in Myanmar. Chem Pharm Bull 51:679
Nagai Y, Tanaka O, Shibata S (1971) Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs−XXIV: structure of ginsenoside-Rg1, a neutral saponin of ginseng root. Tetrahedron 27:881
Yahara S, Kaji K, Tanaka O (1979) Further study on dammarane-type saponins of roots, leaves, flower-buds, and fruits of Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER. Chem Pharm Bull 27:88
Sanada S, Kondo N, Shoji J, Tanaka O, Shibata S (1972) Studies on the saponins of ginseng. I. Structures of ginsenoside-Ro, -Rb1, -Rb2, -Rc and -Rd. Chem Pharm Bull 22:421
Kondo N, Shoji J, Nagumo N, Komatsu N (1969) Studies on the constituents of Panacis japonici Rhizoma. II. The structure of chikusetsusaponin IV and some observations on the structural relationship with araloside A. Yakugaku Zasshi 89:846
Lin TD, Kondo N, Shoji J (1976) Studies on the constituents of Panacis japonici Rhizoma. V. The structures of chikusetsusaponin I, Ia, Ib, IVa and glycoside P1. Chem Pharm Bull 24:253
Yang CR, Jiang ZD, Wu MZ, Zhou J, Tanaka O (1984) Studies on saponins of rhizomes of Panax zingiberensis Wu et Feng. Acta Pharm Sin 19:232
Walter KS, Gillet HJ (1998) 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, IUCN, The World Conservation Monitoring Center, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge UK
Ministry of Science and Technology (2001) The effective Myanmar traditional medicinal plants. Yangon, Myanmar, vol 1, p 67
Department of Traditional Medicine (2001) Resources of Myanmar traditional medicine. Ministry of Health, Myanmar, p 2002
Anonymous (1986) Medicinal herb index in Indonesia, 1st edn. PT Eisai Indonesia: Jakarta, p 140
Hemalatha K, Kiran AS, Bannappa U, Satyanarayana D (2007) Analgesic activity of Caesalpinia sappan Heartwood. Pharm Biol 45:360
Zanin JL, de Carvalho BA, Martineli PS, dos Santos MH, Lago JH, Sartorelli P, Viegas C Jr, MG Soares (2012) The genus Caesalpinia L. (Caesalpiniaceae): phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics. Molecules 17:7887
Banskota AH, Attamimi F, Usia T, Linn TZ, Tezuka Y, Kalauni SK, Kadota S (2003) Novel norcassane-type diterpene from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia crista. Tetrahedron Lett 44:6879
Linn TZ, Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Kalauni SK, Attamimi F, Ueda J, Kadota S (2005) Cassane- and norcassane-type diterpenes from Caesalpinia crista of Indonesia and their antimalarial activity against the growth of Plasmodium falciparum. J Nat Prod 68:706
Jiang RW, Ma SC, But PPH, Mak TCW (2001) New antiviral cassane furanoditerpenes from Caesalpinia minax. J Nat Prod 64:1266
Patil AD, Freyer AJ, Webb RL, Zuber G, Reichwein R, Bean MF, Faucette L, Johnson RK (1997) Pulcherrimins A-D, novel diterpene dibenzoates from Caesalpinia pulcherrima with selective activity against DNA repair-deficient yeast mutants. Tetrahedron 53:1583
Kalauni SK, Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Linn TZ, Kadota S (2004) Cassane- and norcassane-type diterpenes of Caesalpinia crista from Myanmar. J Nat Prod 67:1859
Kalauni SK, Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Linn TZ, Kadota S (2005) New cassane-type diterpenes of Caesalpinia crista from Myanmar. Chem Pharm Bull 53:214
Kalauni SK, Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Linn TZ, Kadota S (2005) Methyl migrated cassane-type furanoditerpenes of Caesalpinia crista from Myanmar. Chem Pharm Bull 53:1300
Canonica L, Jommi G, Mannito P, Pagnoni UM, Pelizzoni F, Scolastico C (1966) Structure of caesalpines III. Gazz Chim Ital 96:698
Pascoe KO, Burke BA, Chan WR (1986) Caesalpin F: a new furanoditerpene from Caesalpinia bonducella. J Nat Prod 49:913
Awale S, Linn TZ, Tezuka Y, Kalauni SK, Banskota AH, Attamimi F, Ueda J, Kadota S (2006) Constituents of Caesalpinia crista from Indonesia. Chem Pharm Bull 54:213
Purushothaman KK, Kalyani K, Subramanian K, Shanmuganathan S (1981) Zeta caesalpin, a new caesalpin from Caesalpinia bonducella. Indian J Chem Sect B 20:625
Peter SR, Tinto WF, Mclean S, Reynolds WF, Yu M (1997) Bonducellpins A–D, new cassane furanoditerpenes of Caesalpinia bonduc. J Nat Prod 60:1219
Jiang RW, But PPH, Ma SC, Mak TCW (2001) Furanoditerpenoid lactones from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax Hance. Phytochemistry 57:517
Kitagawa I, Simanjuntak P, Mahmud T, Kobayashi M, Fujii S, Uji T, Shibuya H (1996) Three additional cassane-type furanoditerpenes from the roots of Caesalpinia major (Fabaceae). Several interesting reaction products of caesaldekarin A provided by N-bromosuccinimide treatment. Chem Pharm Bull 44:1157
Balmain A, Bjamer K, Connolly JD, Ferguson G (1967) The constitution and stereochemistry of ε-caesalpin. Tetrahedron Lett 8:5027
Balmain A, Connolly JD, Ferrari M, Ghisalberti EL, Pagnoni UM, Pelizzoni F (1970) The stereochemistry of the furanoditerpenoids α-, β-, and δ-caesalpin. J Chem Soc D:1244
Kalauni SK, Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Linn TZ, Asih PBS, Syafruddin D, Kadota S (2006) Antimalarial activity of cassane- and norcassane-type diterpenes from Caesalpinia crista and their structure–activity relationship. Biol Pharm Bull 29:1050
Kiritikar KD, Basu BD (1991) Indian medicinal plants, 2nd edn. Deharadun, International Book Distributors, p 1328
Poli A, Nicolau M, Simoes CMO, Nicolau, RMR, Zanin M (1992) Preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of crude whole plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber. Part I. In vivo studies. J Ethnopharmacol 37:71
Rasoanaivo P, Petitjean A, Ratsimamanga-Urverg S, Rakoto-Ratsimamanga A (1992) Medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Madagascar. J Ethnopharmacol 37:117
Hammer MLA, Johns EA (1993) Tapping an Amazonian plethora: four medicinal plants of Marajo Island, Para (Brazil). J Ethnopharmacol 40:53
Hui C, But PPH (1998) Current advance in ethnopharmacology of ‘‘Kudidan’’ (Herba Elephantopi). Chin J Integr Med 4:229
Chuakul W, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sappakun S (2006) Medicinal plants used in Kungkrabaen Royal Development Study Center. Chanthaburi Province. Thai J Phytopharm 13:27
Inta A, Shengji P, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Trisonthi C (2008) A comparative study on medicinal plants used in Akha’s traditional medicine in China and Thailand, cultural coherence or ecological divergence? J Ethnopharmacol 116:508
Udayan PS, Harinarayanan MK, Tushar KV, Balchandran I (2008) Some common plants used by Kurichiar tribes of Tirunelli forest, Wayanad district, Kerala in medicine and other traditional uses. Indian J Tradit Knowl 7:250
Personal communication with traditional medicine practitioners I, Traditional Medicine Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
Chaturvedi D (2011) Sesquiterpene lactones: structural diversity and their biological activities. Opportunity, challenges and scope natural products in medicinal chemistry, p 313
Sim KY, Lee HT (1969) Constituents of Elephantopus scaber (Compositae). Phytochemistry 8:933
de Silva LBD, Herath WHMW, Jennings RC, Mahendran M, Wannigama GE (1982) A new sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus scaber. Phytochemistry 21:1173
Su M, Wu X, Chung HY, Li Y, Ye W (2009) Antiproliferative activities of five Chinese medicinal herbs and active compounds in Elephantopus scaber. Nat Prod Commun 4:1025
Than NN, Fotso S, Sevvana M, Sheldrick GM, Fiebig HH, Kelter G, Laatsch H (2005) Sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus scaber. Z Naturforsch 60b:200
But PPH, Hon PM, Cao H, Chan TWD, Wu BM, Mak TCW, Che CT (1997) Sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus scaber. Phytochemistry 44:113
Ahmad S, Rauf A (2003) Use of phenylselenyl chloride in the preparation of methyl 11-phenylseleno-10-acetamido- and ethyl phenylselenoethoxy fatty alkanoates. J Am Oil Chem Soc 80:1049
Cao R, Ma Y, Mizuno T (1996) Chemical constituents of a heat-dried Chinese mushroom Hohenbuehelia serotina. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:654
Siddiqui BS, Rasheed M, Ilyas F, Gulzar T, Tariq RM, Naqvi SNH (2004) Analysis of insecticidal Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fractions. Z Naturforsch 59c:104
Matsuo A, Nakayama M, Hayashi S, Nagai K (1980) Fatty acid ethyl esters in the liverwort Conocephalum conicum. Phytochemistry 19:1848
Sholichin M, Yamasaki K, Kasai R, Tanaka O (1980) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance of lupane-type triterpenes, lupeol, betulin, and betulinic acid. Chem Pharm Bull 28:1006
Leitão SG, Kaplan MAC, Monache F, Akihisa T, Tamura T (1992) Sterols and sterol glucosides from two Aegiphila species. Phytochemistry 31:2813
Lee KH, Cowherd CM, Wolo MT (1975) Antitumor agents XV: deoxyelephantopin, an antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. J Pharm Sci 64:1572
Kupchan SM, Aynehchi Y, Cassady JM, McPhail AT, Sim GA, Schnoes HK, Burlingame AL (1966) The isolation and structural elucidation of two novel sesquiterpenoid tumor inhibitors from Elephantopus elatus. J Am Chem Soc 88:3674
Kupchan SM, Aynehchi Y, Cassady JM, Schnoes HK, Burlingame AL (1969) Tumor inhibitors. XL. The isolation and structural elucidation of elephantin and elephantopin, two novel sesquiterpenoid tumor inhibitors from Elephantopus elatus. J Org Chem 34:3867
Lee KH, Ibuka T, Wu RY, Geissman TA (1977) Structure-antimicrobial activity relationships among the sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. Phytochemistry 16:1177
Hall IH, Lee KH, Starnes CO, Eigebaly SA, Ibuka T, Wu YS, Kimura T, Haruna M (1978) Antitumor agents XXX: evaluation of α-methylene-γ-lactone-containing agents for inhibition of tumor growth, respiration, and nucleic acid synthesis. J Pharm Sci 67:1235
Hall IH, Lee KH, Starnes CO, Sumida Y, Wu RY, Waddell TG, Cochran JW, Gerhart KG (1979) Anti-inflammatory activity of sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. J Pharm Sci 68:537
Hall IH, Lee KH, Starnes CO, Muraoka O, Sumida Y, Waddell TG (1980) Antihyperlipidemic activity of sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. J Pharm Sci 69:694
Hall IH, Starnes CO Jr, Lee KH, Waddell TG (1980) Mode of action of sesquiterpene lactones as anti-inflammatory agents. J Pharm Sci 69:537
Geethangili M, Ding ST (2018) A review of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phyllanthus urinaria L. Front Pharmacol 9:1109
Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC (1986) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. Catholic Press, Ranchi, CSIR, New Delhi, India
Burkill IH (1996) A dictionary of the economic products of Malay peninsula. Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p 1748
Personal communication with traditional medicine practitioners II. Traditional Medicine Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
Somanabandhu A, Nitayangkura S, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Likhitwitayawuid K, Shieh HL, Chai H, Pezzuto JM, Cordell GA (1993) 1H- and 13C-NMR assignments of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin: lignans that enhance cytotoxic responses with cultured multidrug-resistant cells. J Nat Prod 56:233
Huang YL, Chen CC, Ou JC (1992) Isolintetralin: a new lignan from Phyllanthus niruri. Planta Med 58:473
Quader MA, Khatun M, Mosihuzzaman M (1994) Isolation of 4-hydroxysesamin and ent-norsecurinine from Phyllanthus niruri and their chemotaxonomic significance. J Bangladesh Acad Sci 18:229
Hassarajani SA, Mulchandani NB (1990) Securinine type alkaloids from Phyllanthus niruri. Indian J Chem 29B:801
Mulchandani NB, Hassarajani SA (1984) 4-Methoxy-nor-securinine, a new alkaloid from Phyllanthus niruri. Planta Med 50:104
Ishimaru K, Yoshimatsu K, Yamakawa T, Kamada H, Shimomura K (1992) Phenolic constituents in tissue cultures of Phyllanthus niruri. Phytochemistry 31:2015
Ueno H, Horie S, Nishi Y, Shogawa H, Kawasaki M, Suzuki S, Hayashi T, Arisawa M, Shimizu M, Yoshizaki M, Morita N, Berganza LH, Ferro E, Basualdo I (1988) Chemical and pharmaceutical studies on medicinal plants in Paraguay. Geraniin. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor from “Paraparai mi”, Phyllanthus niruri. J Nat Prod 51:357
Wei WX, Pan YJ, Zhang H, Lin CW, Wie TY (2004) Two new compounds from Phyllanthus niruri. Chem Nat Com 40:460
Iizuka T, Nagai M, Taniguchi A, Moriyama H, Hoshi K (2007) Inhibitory effects of methyl brevifolincarboxylate isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. on platelet aggregation. Biol Pharm Bull 30:382
Singh B, Agrawal PK, Thakur RS (1991) Isolation of trans-phytol from Phyllanthus niruri. Planta Med 57:98
Singh B, Agrawal PK, Thakur RS (1989) An acyclic triterpene from Phyllanthus niruri. Phytochemistry 28:1980
Singh B, Agrawal PK, Thakur RS (1986) Chemical constituents of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Indian J Chem 25B:600
Tabassum N, Chattervedi S, Agrawal SS, Ahmed N (2005) Hepatoprotective studies of Phyllanthus niruri on paracetamol-induced liver cell damage in albino mice. JK Practitioner 12:211
Higashino H, Suzuki A, Tanaka Y, Pootakham K (1992) Hypoglycemic effects of Siamese Momordica charantia and Phyllanthus urinaria extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 100:415
Ogata T, Higuchi H, Mochida S, Matsumoto H, Kato A, Endo T, Kaji A, Kaji H (1992) HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor from Phyllanthus niruri. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 8:1937
Naik AD, Juvekar AR (2003) Effects of alkaloidal extract of Phyllanthus niruri on HIV replication. Indian J Med Sci 57:387
Tona L, Ngimbi NP, Tsakala M, Mesia K, Cimanga K, Apers S, de Bruyne T, Pieters L, Totte J, Vlietinck AJ (1999) Antimalarial activity of 20 crude extracts from nine African medicinal plants used in Kinshasa, Congo. J Ethnopharmacol 68:193
Cimanga RK, Tona L, Luyindula N, Mesia K, Lusakibanza M, Musuamba CT, Apers S, de Bruyne T, van Miert S, Hermans N, Totte J, Pieters L, Vlietinck AJ (2004) In vitro antiplasmodial activity of callus culture extracts and fractions from fresh apical stems of Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae): 2. J Ethnopharmacol 95:399
Khanna AK, Rizvi F, Chander R (2002) Lipid lowering activity of Phyllanthus niruri in hyperlipemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 82:19
Santos ARS, Filho VC, Niero R, Viana AM, Moreno FN, Campos MM, Yunes RA, Calixto JB (1994) Analgesic effects of callus culture extracts from selected species of Phyllanthus in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 46:755
Martini LH, Souza CR, Marques PB, Calixto JB, Yunes RA, Souza DO (2000) Compounds extracted from Phyllanthus and Jatropha elliptica inhibit the binding of (3H)glutamate and (3H)GMP-PNP in rat cerebral cortex membrane. Neurochem Res 25:211
Thabrew MI, Hughes RD (1996) Phytogenic agents in the therapy of liver disease. Phytother Res 10:461
Nishiura JL, Campos AH, Boim MA, Heilberg IP, Schor N (2004) Phyllanthus niruri normalizes elevated urinary calcium levels in calcium stone forming (CSF) patients. Urol Res 32:362
Syamasundar KV, Singh B, Thakur RS, Husain A, Kiso Y, Hikino H (1985) Antihepatotoxic principles of Phyllanthus niruri herbs. J Ethnopharmacol 14:41
Shimizu M, Horie S, Terashima S, Ueno H, Hayashi T, Arisawa M, Suzuki S, Yoshizaki M, Morita N (1989) Studies on aldose reductase inhibitors from natural products. II. Active components of a Paraguayan crude drug “Para-parai mi” from Phyllanthus niruri. Chem Pharm Bull 37:2531
Than NN, Fotso S, Poeggeler B, Hardeland R, Laatsch H (2006) Niruriflavone, a new antioxidant flavone sulfonic acid from Phyllanthus niruri. Z Naturforsch 61b:57
Markham KR, Ternai B, Stanley R, Geiger H, Mabry TJ (1978) Carbon-13 NMR studies of flavonoids. III. Naturally occurring flavonoid glycosides and their acylated derivatives. Tetrahedron 34:1389
Takagi S, Yamaki M, Masuda K, Kubota M (1976) On the constituents of the fruits of Rosa multiflora Thunb. I. Yakugaku Zasshi. 96:284
Latté KP, Kolodziej H (2000) Pelargoniins, new ellagitannins from Pelargonium reniforme. Phytochemistry 54:701
Abdel-Mogib M (1999) A lupane triterpenoid from Maerua oblongifolia. Phytochemistry 51:445
Nawwar MAM, Buddrus J, Bauer H (1982) Dimeric phenolic constituents from the roots of Tamarix nilotica. Phytochemistry 21:1755
Yoshida T, Itoh H, Matsunaga S, Tanaka R, Okuda T (1992) Tannins and related polyphenols of Euphorbiaceous plants. IX. Hydrolyzable tannins with 1C4 glucose core from Phyllanthus flexuosus Muell. Arg. Chem Pharm Bull 40:53
Zhong Y, Zuo C, Li F, Ding X, Yao Q, Wu K, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhou LW, Lan J, Wang X (1998) Chemical constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria L. and its antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 23:363
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Contribution from the United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC, vol 45, p 157
Khine MM, Arnold N, Franke K, Porzel A, Schmidt J, Wessjohann L (2007) Phytoconstituents from the root of Streptocaulon tomentosum and their chemotaxonomical relevance for separation from S. juventas. Biochem System Ecol 35:517
Ueda J, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Tran QL, Tran QK, Saiki I, Kadota S (2003) Constituents of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Streptocaulon juventas and their antiproliferative activity against the human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line. J Nat Prod 66:1427
Ueda J, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Tran QL, Tran QK, Saiki I, Kadota S (2003) Antiproliferative activity of cardenolides isolated from Streptocaulon juventas. Biol Pharm Bull 26:1431
Pham TT, Tran H (2002) Isolation and structural determination of 3β-acetoxyurs-12-ene extracted from Radix Streptocauli. Tap Chi Duoc Hoc 1:13
Khine MM, Franke K, Arnold N, Porzel A, Schmidt J, Wessjohann LA (2004) A new cardenolide from the roots of Streptocaulon tomentosum. Fitoterapia 75:779
Khine MM (2006) Isolation and characterization of phytoconstituents from Myanmar medicinal plants. PhD Thesis, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle. https://sundoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/diss-online/06/06H045/prom.pdf
Kawaguchi K, Hirotani M, Furuya T (1988) Biotransformation of digitoxigenin by cell suspension cultures of Strophanthus amboensis. Phytochemistry 27:3475
Drakenberg T, Brodelius PE, Mcintyre DD, Vogel HJ (1990) Structural studies of digitoxin and related cardenolides by two-dimensional NMR. Can J Chem 68:272
Furuya T, Kawaguchi K, Hirotani M (1988) Biotransformation of digitoxigenin by cell-suspension cultures of Strophanthus gratus. Phytochemistry 27:2129
Feleke S, Brehane A (2005) Triterpene compounds from the latex of Ficus sur I. Bull Chem Soc Ethiop 19:307
Matsunaga S, Tanaka R, Akagi M (1988) Triterpenoids from Euphorbia maculata. Phytochemistry 27:535
Sashida Y, Ogawa K, Mori N, Yamanouchi T (1992) Triterpenoids from the fruit galls of Actinidia polygama. Phytochemistry 31:2801
Kojima H, Ogura H (1986) Triterpenoids from Prunella vulgaris. Phytochemistry 25:729
Yaguchi Y, Sakurai N, Nagai M, Inoue T (1988) Constituents of Myrica rubra. III: structures of two glycosides of myricanol. Chem Pharm Bull 36:1419
Chow YL, Quon HH (1970) Biogenetically related triterpenes from Elateriospermum tapos bark. Phytochemistry 9:1151
de Pascual TJ, Urones JG, Marcos IS, Basabe P, Cuadrado MJS, Moro RF (1987) Triterpenes from Euphorbia broteri. Phytochemistry 26:1767
Cowan S, Stewart M, Abbiw DK, Latif Z, Sarker SD, Nash RJ (2001) Lignans from Strophanthus gratus. Fitoterapia 72:80
Rashan LJ, Franke K, Khine MM, Kelter G, Fiebig HH, Neumann J, Wessjohann LA (2011) Characterization of the anticancer properties of monoglycosidic cardenolides isolated from Nerium oleander and Streptocaulon tomentosum. J Ethnopharmacol 134:781
Li B, Gilbert MG, Stevens WD (1995) Asclepiadaceae R. Brown. Flora of China, Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, vol 16, p 189
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC, vol 45, p 120
Suksamrarn A, Ponglikitmongkol M, Wongkrajang K, Chindaduang A, Kittidanairak S, Jankam A, Yingyongnarongkul B, Kittipanumat N, Chokchaisiri R, Khetkam P, Piyachaturawat P (2008) Diarylheptanoids, new phytoestrogens from the rhizomes of Curcuma comosa: isolation, chemical modification and estrogenic activity evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 16:6891
Qu Y, Xu F, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Pongpiriyadacha Y, Wu L, Yoshikawa M (2009) Sesquiterpenes from Curcuma comosa. J Nat Med 63:102
Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC (2003) Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res 23:363
Kiuchi F, Goto Y, Sugimoto N, Akao N, Kondon K, Tsuda Y (1993) Nematocidal activity of turmeric: synergistic action of curcuminoids. Chem Pharm Bull 41:1640
Simon A, Allais DP, Duroux JL, Basly JP, Durand-Fontanier S, Delage C (1998) Inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on MCF-7 cell proliferation and structure-activity relationships. Cancer Lett 129:111
Roth GN, Chandra A, Nair MG (1998) Novel bioactivities of Curcuma longa constituents. J Nat Prod 61:542
Soudamini KK, Unnikrishnan MC, Soni KB, Kuttan R (1992) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cholesterol levels in mice by curcumin. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 36:239
Rajakrishnan V, Menon VP, Rajashekaran KN (1998) Protective role of curcumin in ethanol toxicity. Phytother Res 12:55
Rasmussen HB, Christense SB, Kvist LP, Karazmi A (2000) A simple and efficient separation of the curcumins, the antiprotozoal constituents of Curcuma longa. Planta Med 66:396
Harimaya K, Gao JF, Ohkura T, Kawamata T, Iitaka Y, Guo YT, Inayama S (1991) A series of sesquiterpenes with a 7α-isopropyl side chain and related compounds isolated from Curcuma wenyujin. Chem Pharm Bull 39:843
Shibuya H, Hamamoto Y, Cai Y, Kitagawa I (1987) A reinvestigation of the structure of zederone, a furanogermacrane-type sesquiterpene from zedoary. Chem Pharm Bull 35:924
Hikino H, Sakurai Y, Numabe S, Takemoto T (1968) Structure of curcumenol. Chem Pharm Bull 16:39
Hikino H, Agatsuma K, Takemoto T (1969) Structure of isocurcumenol. Chem Pharm Bull 17:959
Yoshikawa M, Hatakeyama S, Tanaka N, Fukuda Y, Murakami N, Yamahara J (1992) Orientalols A, B, and C, sesquiterpene constituents from Chinese Alismatis Rhizoma, and revised structures of alismol and alismoxide. Chem Pharm Bull 40:2582
Ohshiro M, Kuroyanagi M, Ueno A (1990) Structures of sesquiterpenes from Curcuma longa. Phytochemistry 29:2201
Kuroyanagi M, Ueno A, Koyama K, Natori S (1990) Structures of sesquiterpenes of Curcuma aromatica SALISB. II: studies on minor sesquiterpenes. Chem Pharm Bull 38:55
Kuroyanagi M, Ueno A, Ujiie K, Sato S (1987) Structures of sesquiterpenes from Curcuma aromatica SALISB. Chem Pharm Bull 35:53
Takano I, Yasuda I, Takeya K, Itokawa H (1995) Guaiane sesquiterpene lactones from Curcuma aeruginosa. Phytochemistry 40:1197
Matsuda H, Morikawa T, Toguchida I, Ninomiya K, Yoshikawa M (2001) Medicinal foodstuffs. XXVIII. Inhibitors of nitric oxide production and new sesquiterpenes, zedoarofuran, 4-epicurcumenol, neocurcumenol, gajutsulactones A and B, and zedoarolides A and B, from Zedoariae Rhizoma. Chem Pharm Bull 49:1558
Li A, Yue G, Li Y, Pan X, Yang TK (2003) Total asymmetric synthesis of (7S,9R)-(+)-bisacumol. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 14:75
Shiobara Y, Asakawa Y, Kodama M, Yasuda K, Takemoto T (1985) Curcumenone, curcumanolide A and curcumanolide B, three sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma zedoaria. Phytochemistry 24:2629
Kikuzaki H, Kobayashi M, Nakatani N (1991) Diarylheptanoids from rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. Phytochemistry 30:3647
Department of Traditional Medicine (1999) Ministry of Health. Yangon, Government of Union of Myanmar, p 119
Wang YH, Zhang ZK, He HP, Wang JS, Zhou H, Ding M, Hao XJ (2007) Stilbene C-glucosides from Cissus repens. J Asian Nat Prod Res 9:631
Li WW, Ding LS, Li BG, Chen YZ (1996) Oligostilbenes from Vitis heyneana. Phytochemistry 42:1163
Bawm S, Tiwananthagorn S, Lin KS, Hirota J, Irie T, Htun LL, Maw NN, Myaing TT, Phay N, Miyazaki S, Sakurai T, Oku Y, Matsuura H, Katakura K (2010) Evaluation of Myanmar medicinal plants extracts for antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activities. J Vet Med Sci 72:525
Nyunt KS, Elkhateeb A, Tosa Y, Nabata K, Katakura K, Matsuura H (2012) Isolation of antitrypanosomal compounds from Vitis repens, a medicinal plant of Myanmar. Nat Prod Commun 7:609
Yoshida T, Seno K, Takama Y, Okuda T (1982) Bergenin derivatives from Mallotus japonicus. Phytochemistry 21:1180
Jiang ZH, Tanaka T, Sakamoto M, Jiang T, Kouno I (2001) Studies on a medicinal parasitic plant: lignans from the stems of Cynomorium songaricum. Chem Pharm Bull 49:1036
Tsukamoto S, Tomise K, Aburatani M, Onuki H, Hirorta H, Ishiharajima E, Ohta T (2004) Isolation of cytochrome P450 inhibitors from strawberry fruit, Fragaria ananassa. J Nat Prod 67:1839
Hashimoto F, Nonaka GI, Nishioka I (1987) Tannins and related compounds LVI. Isolation of four new acylated flavan-3-ols from Oolong tea (1). Chem Pharm Bull 35:611
Zhang HL, Nagatsu A, Okuyama H, Mizukami H, Sakakibara J (1998) Sesquiterpene glycosides from cotton oil cake. Phytochemistry 48:665
Khan MA, Nabi SG, Prakash S, Zaman A (1986) Pallidol, a resveratrol dimer from Cissus pallida. Phytochemistry 25:1945
Mattivi F, Renicro F, Korhammer S (1995) Isolation, characterization, and evolution in red wine vinification of resveratrol monomers. J Agric Food Chem 43:1820
Wang GC, Liang JP, Wang Y, Li Q, Ye WC (2008) Chemical constituents from Flueggea virosa. Chin J Nat Med 6:251
Lee J, Kim NH, Nam JW, Lee YM, Jang DS, Kim YS, Nam SH, Seo EK, Yang MS, Kim JS (2010) Scopoletin from the flower buds of Magnolia fargesii inhibits protein glycation, aldose reductase, and cataractogenesis ex vivo. Arch Pharm Res 33:1317
The Plant List. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-221874, http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-221860. Accessed 20 Feb 2020
Department of Traditional Medicine (1990) The traditional medicine formulations used in Myanmar traditional medicine, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, p 81
Tuchinda P, Reutrakul V, Claeson P, Pongprayoon U, Sematong T, Santisuk T, Taylor WC (2002) Anti-inflammatory cyclohexenyl chalcone derivatives in Boesenbergia pandurata. Phytochemistry 59:169
Trakoontivakorn G, Nakahara K, Shinmoto H, Takenaka M, Onishi-Kameyama M, Ono H, Yoshida M, Nagata T, Tsushida T (2001) Structural analysis of a novel antimutagenic compound, 4-hydroxypanduratin A, and the antimutagenic activity of flavonoids in a Thai spice, fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata Schult.) against mutagenic heterocyclic amines. J Agric Food Chem 49:3046
Sawangjaroen N, Subhadhirasakul S, Phongpaichit S, Siripanth C, Jamjaroen K, Sawangjaroen K (2005) The in vitro anti-giardial activity of extracts from plants that are used for self-medication by AIDS patients in Southern Thailand. Parasitol Res 95:17
Cheenpracha S, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C, Subhadhirasakul S, Tewtrakul S (2006) Anti-HIV-1 protease activity of compounds from Boesenbergia pandurata. Bioorg Med Chem 14:1710
Hwang JK, Chung JY, Baek NI, Park JH (2004) Isopanduratin A from Kaempferia pandurata as an active antibacterial agent against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 23:377
Yun JM, Kwon H, Hwang JK (2003) In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of panduratin A isolated from Kaempferia pandurata in RAW264.7 cells. Planta Med 69:1102
Panthong A, Tassaneeyakul W, Kanjanapothi D, Tuntiwachwuttikul P, Reutrakul V (1989) Anti-inflammatory activity of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone. Planta Med 55:133
Yun JM, Kweon MH, Kwon H, Hwang JK, Mukhtar H (2006) Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by a chalcone panduratin A isolated from Kaempferia pandurata in androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145. Carcinogenesis 27:1454
Shindo K, Kato M, Kinoshita A, Kobayashi A, Koike Y (2006) Analysis of antioxidant activities contained in the Boesenbergia pandurata Schult. rhizome. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70:2281
Pandji C, Grimm C, Wray V, Witte L, Proksch P (1993) Insecticidal constituents from four species of the Zingiberaceae. Phytochemistry 34:415
Izuishi K, Kato K, Ogura T, Kinoshita T, Esumi H (2000) Remarkable tolerance of tumor cells to nutrient deprivation: possible new biochemical target for cancer therapy. Cancer Res 60:6201
Lu J, Kunimoto S, Yamazaki Y, Kaminishi M, Esumi H (2004) Kigamicin D, a novel anticancer agent based on a new anti-austerity strategy targeting cancer cells’ tolerance to nutrient starvation. Cancer Sci 95:547
Win NN, Awale S, Esumi H, Tezuka Y, Kadota S (2007) Bioactive secondary metabolites from Boesenbergia pandurata of Myanamar and their preferential cytotoxicity against human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell line in nutrient-deprived medium. J Nat Prod 70:1582
Win NN, Awale S, Esumi H, Tezuka Y, Kadota S (2008) Panduratins D−I, novel secondary metabolites from rhizomes of Boesenbergia pandurata. Chem Pharm Bull 56:491
Tuntiwachwuttikul P, Pancharoen O, Reutrakul V, Byrne LT (1984) (1′RS,2′SR,6′RS)-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-[3′-methyl-2′-(3″-methylbut-2″-enyl)-6′-phenyl-cyclohex-3′-enyl]methanone (panduratin A) — a constituent of the red rhizomers of a variety of Boesenbergia pandurata. Aust J Chem 37:449
Pancharoen O, Picker K, Reutrakul V, Taylor WC, Tuntiwachwuttikul P (1987) Constituents of the Zingiberaceae. X. Diastereomers of [7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2-(4′-methylpent-3′-enyl)-2H-chromen-8-yl][3″-methyl-2″-(3″′-methylbut-2″′-enyl]-6″-phenylcyclohex-3″-enyl]methanone (panduratin B), a constituent of the red rhizomes of a variety of Boesenbergia pandurata. Aust J Chem 40:455
Gu JQ, Park EJ, Vigo JS, Graham JG, Fong HHS, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD (2002) Activity-guided isolation of constituents of Renealmia nicolaioides with the potential to induce the phase II enzyme quinone reductase. J Nat Prod 65:1616
Reisch J, Gombos M, Szendrei K, Novák I (1976) A flavanone with an isoprenoid C10-side chain isolated from Amorpha fruticosa seeds. Arch Pharm 309:152
Wang Y, Tan W, Li WZ, Li Y (2001) A facile synthetic approach to prenylated flavanones: first total syntheses of (±)-bonannione A and (±)-sophoraflavanone A. J Nat Prod 64:196
Agrawal PK, Thakur RS, Bansal MC (1989) Flavonoids. In: Carbon-13 NMR of flavonoids; Agrawal PK (ed). Elsevier, Amsterdam, vol 39, p 127
Jaipetch T, Kanghae S, Pancharoen O, Patrick VA, Reutrakul V, Tuntiwachwuttikul P, White AH (1982) Constituents of Boesenbergia pandurata (syn. Kaempferia pandurata): isolation, crystal structure and synthesis of (±)-boesenbergin A. Aust J Chem 35:351
Itokawa H, Morita M, Mihashi S (1981) Phenolic compounds from the rhizomes of Alpinia speciosa. Phytochemistry 20:2503
Norbedo C, Ferraro G, Coussio JD (1981) A new flavanone from Achyrocline flaccida. J Nat Prod 45:635
Bandaranayake WM, Crombie L, Whiting DA (1971) Pyridine-catalysed chromenylation of mono-chelated meta-dihydric phenols with mono-, sesqui- and di-terpene aldehydes: synthesis of rubranine and flemingins A-, B-, and C-methyl ethers. J Chem Soc C:804
Dharmaratne HRW, Nanayakkara NPD, Khan IA (2002) Kavalactones from Piper methysticum, and their 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses. Phytochemistry 59:429
Mahidol C, Tuntiwachwuttikul P, Reutrakul V, Taylor WC (1984) Constituents of Boesenbergia pandurata (syn. Kaempferia pandurata). III. Isolation and synthesis of (±)-boesenbergin B. Aust J Chem 37:1739
Awale S, Lu J, Kalauni SK, Kurashima Y, Tezuka Y, Kadota S, Esumi H (2006) Identification of arctigenin as an antitumor agent having the ability to eliminate the tolerance of cancer cells to nutrient starvation. Cancer Res 66:1751
Win NN, Kyaw MM, Prema Ngwe H, Ito T, Asakawa Y, Okamoto Y, Tanaka M, Abe I, Morita H (2019) Dinorcassane diterpenoid from Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes collected in lower Myanmar. Chem Biodivers 16:e1800657
Ching AYL, Wah TS, Sukari MA, Lian GEC, Rahmani M, Khalid K (2007) Characterization of flavonoid derivatives from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.). Malays J Anal Sci 11:154
Zhang J, Guo Q, Kong L (2003) Flavonoids from rhizome of Alpinia tonkinensis. China J Chin Mater Med 28:41
Morita H, Itokawa H (1986) New diterpenes from Alpinia galanga Wild. Chem Lett 15:1205
Kanjilal UN, Kanjilal PC, Das A (1934) Flora of Assam. The Government of Assam, Assam, India
Department of Traditional Medicine (1990) The Traditional Medicine Formulations used in Myanmar Traditional Medicine. Ministry of Health, Myanmar vol 49, p 69
Bordoloi M, Mohan S, Barua NC, Dutta SC, Mathur RK, Ghosh AC (1997) An alkylated coumarin from Kayea assamica. Phytochemistry 44:939
Lee KH, Chai HB, Tamez PA, Pezzuto JM, Cordell GA, Win KK, Tin-Wa M (2003) Biologically active alkylated coumarins from Kayea assamica. Phytochemistry 64:535
Fernandes EGR, Silva AMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Silva FM, Borges MFM, Pinto MMM (1998) 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of mono-, di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted xanthones. Magn Reson Chem 36:305
Westerman PW, Gunasekera SP, Uvais M, Sultanbawa S, Kazlauskas R (1977) Carbon-13 n.m.r. study of naturally occurring xanthones. Org Magn Reson 9:631
Carpenter I, Locksley HD, Scheinmann F (1969) Extractives from Guttiferae. Part X1V. The structures of seven xanthones from the heartwood of Mammea africana L. J Chem Soc C:2421
Likhitwitayawuid K, Angerhofer CK, Cordell GA, Pezzuto JM, Ruangrungsi N (1993) Cytotoxic and antimalarial bisbenzylisoquinolie alkaloids from Stephania erecta. J Nat Prod 56:30
Win NN, Awale S, Esumi H, Tezuka Y, Kadota S (2008) Novel anticancer agents, kayeassamins A and B from the flower of Kayea assamica of Myanmar. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 18:4688
Win NN, Awale S, Esumi H, Tezuka Y, Kadota S (2008) Novel anticancer agents, kayeassamins C−I from the flowers of Kayea assamica of Myanmar. Bioorg Med Chem 16:8653
Crombie L, Games DE, McCormick A (1967) Extractives of Mammea americana L. Part II. The 4-phenylcoumarins. Isolation and structure of mammea A/AA, A/A cyclo D, A/BA, A/AB, and A/BB. J Chem Soc C:2553
Prachyawarakorn V, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S (2000) NMR study of seven coumarins from Mammea siamensis. Pharm Biol 38(Suppl 1):58
Morel C, Dartiguelongue C, Youhana T, Oger JM, Séraphin D, Duval O, Richomme P, Bruneton J (1999) New coumarins from Mesua racemosa: isolation and synthesis. Heterocycles 51:2183
Crombie L, Games DG, Haskins NJ, Reed GF (1972) Extractives of Mammea americana L. Part IV. Identification of new 7,8-annulated relatives of the coumarins mammea A/AA, A/AB, B/AA, and B/AB, and new members of the 6-acyl family B/AA, B/AB, and B/AC. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:2248
Crombie L, Jones RCF, Palmer CJ (1987) Synthesis of the Mammea coumarins. Part 1. The coumarins of the mammea A, B, and C Series. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:317
Thebtaranonth C, Imraporn S, Padungkul N (1981) Phenylcoumarins from Ochrocarpus siamensis. Phytochemistry 20:2305
Morel C, Guilet D, Oger JM, Séraphin D, Sévenet T, Wiart C, Hadi AHA, Richomme P, Bruneton J (1999) 6-Acylcoumarins from Mesua racemosa. Phytochemistry 50:1243
Mahidol C, Prawat H, Kaweetripob W, Ruchirawat S (2007) Regioisomers of acylcoumarins from the flowers of Mammea siamensis. Nat Prod Commun 2:557
Chung CY, Murphy-Ullrich JE, Erickson HP (1996) Mitogenesis, cell migration, and loss of focal adhesions induced by tenascin-C interacting with its cell surface receptor, annexin II. Mol Biol Cell 7:883
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Washington 45:p176
Laloo RC, Kharlukhi L, Jeeva S, Mishra BP (2006) Status of medicinal plants in the disturbed and the undisturbed sacred forests of Meghalaya, Northeast India: population structure and regeneration efficacy of some important species. Curr Sci 90:225
Bieber LW, Messana I, Lins SCN, da Silva Filho AA, Chiappeta AA, de Méllo JF (1990) Meroterpenoid naphthoquinones from Cordia corymbosa. Phytochemistry 29:1955
Ioset JR, Wolfender JL, Marston A, Gupta MP, Hostettmann K (1999) Identification of two isomeric meroterpenoid naphthoquinones from Cordia linnaei by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Phytochem Anal 10:137
Ioset JR, Marston A, Gupta MP, Hostettmann K (2000) Antifungal and larvicidal cordiaquinones from the roots of Cordia curassavica. Phytochemistry 53:613
Ioset JR, Marston A, Gupta MP, Hostettmann K (1998) Antifungal and larvicidal meroterpenoid naphthoquinones and a naphthoxirene from the roots of Cordia linnaei. Phytochemistry 47:729
Freitas HPS, Maia AIV, Silveira ER, Marinho Filho JDB, Moraes MO, Pessoa C, Costa Lotufo LV, Pessoa ODL (2012) Cytotoxic cordiaquinones from the roots of Cordia polycephala. J Braz Chem Soc 23:1558
Diniz JC, Viana FA, Oliveira OF, Maciel MAM, Torres MCM, Braz-Filho R, Silveira ER, Pessoa ODL (2009) 1H and 13C NMR assignments for two new cordiaquinones from roots of Cordia leucocephala. Magn Reson Chem 47:190
Takahashi M, Fuchino H, Satake M, Agatsuma Y, Sekita S (2004) In vitro screening of leishmanicidal activity in Myanmar timber extracts. Biol Pharm Bull 27:921
Mori K, Kawano M, Fuchino H, Ooi T, Satake M, Agatsuma Y, Kusumi T, Sekita S (2008) Antileishmanial compounds from Cordia fragrantissima collected in Burma (Myanmar). J Nat Prod 71:18
Moir M, Thomson RH, Hausen BM, Simatupang MH (1972) Cordiachromes: a new group of terpenoid quinones from Cordia spp. J Chem Soc Chem Commun:363
Moir M, Thomson RH (1973) Naturally occurring quinones. Part XXII. Terpenoid quinones in Cordia spp. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:1352
Menezes JESA, Lemos TLG, Silveira ER, Braz-Filho R, Pessoaa ODL (2001) Trichotomol, a new cadinenediol from Cordia trichotoma. J Braz Chem Soc 12:787
Manners GD, Jurd L (1977) The hydroquinone terpenoids of Cordia alliodora. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:405
Stevens KL, Jurd L, Manners G (1973) Alliodorin, a phenolic terpenoid from Cordia alliodora. Tetrahedron Lett 14:2955
The Plant List. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-50172365, http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-50172375. Accessed 28 Feb 2020
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC 45:359
Nayar MNS, Sutar CV, Bhan MK (1971) Alkaloids of the stem bark of Hesperethusa crenulata. Phytochemistry 10:2843
Nayar MNS, Bhan MK (1972) Coumarins and other constituents of Hesperethusa crenulata. Phytochemistry 11:3331
Ghosh P, Sil P, Majumdar SG, Thakur S (1982) A coumarin from Limonia acidissima. Phytochemistry 21:240
Patra A, Misra SK, Chaudhuri SK (1988) Constituents of Limonia acidissima. Applications of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy in structure elucidation. J Indian Chem Soc 65:205
Bandara BMR, Gunatilaka AAL, Wijeratne EMK, Adikaram NKB (1988) Antifungal constituents of Limonia acidissima. Planta Med 54:374
MacLeod JK, Moeller PDR, Bandara BMR, Gunatilaka AAL, Wijeratne EMK (1989) Acidissimin, a new limonoid from Limonia acidissima. J Nat Prod 52:882
Ghosh P, Ghosh MK, Thakur S, Datta JD, Akihisa T, Tamura T, Kimura Y (1994) Dihydroxy acidissiminol and acidissiminol epoxide, two tyramine derivatives from Limonia acidissima. Phytochemistry 37:757
Ghosh P, Sil P, Das S, Thakur S, Kokke WCMC, Akihisa T, Shimizu N, Tamura T, Matsumoto T (1991) Tyramine derivatives from the fruit of Limonia acidissima. J Nat Prod 54:1389
Joo SH, Lee SC, Kim SK (2004) UV absorbent, marmesin, from the bark of Thanakha, Hesperethusa crenulata L. J Plant Biol 47:163
Murray RDH, Sutcliffe M, Maccabe PH (1971) Claisen rearrangements-IV: oxidative cyclisation of two coumarin o-isoprenylphenols. Tetrahedron 27:4901
Elgamal MHA, Elewa NH, Elkhrisy EAM, Duddeck H (1979) 13C NMR chemical shifts and carbon-proton coupling constants of some furocoumarins and furochromones. Phytochemistry 18:139
Kim KH, Lee IK, Kim KR, Ha SK, Kim SY, Lee KR (2009) New benzamide derivatives and NO production inhibitory compounds from Limonia acidissima. Planta Med 75:1146
Kim KH, Ha SK, Kim SY, Kim SH, Lee KR (2009) Limodissimin A: a new dimeric coumarin from Limonia acidissima. Bull Kor Chem Soc 30:2135
Kim KH, Ha SK, Kim SY, Youn HJ, Lee KR (2010) Constituents of Limonia acidissima inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production in BV-2 microglia. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 25:887
Wu TS, Furukawa H (1983) Acridone alkaloids. VII. Constituents of Citrus sinensis OSBECK var. brasiliensis Tanaka. Isolation and characterization of three new acridone alkaloids, and a new coumarin. Chem Pharm Bull 31:901
Ju-Ichi M, Inoue M, Ikegaki M. New coumarins from Citrus funadoko (1988) Heterocycles 27:1451
Riviere C, Goossens L, Pommery N, Fourneau C, Delelis A, Henichart JP (2006) Antiproliferative effects of isopentenylated coumarins isolated from Phellolophium madagascariense Baker. Nat Prod Res 20:909
Lemmich J (1995) Monoterpene, chromone and coumarin glucosides of Diplolophium buchananii. Phytochemistry 38:427
Afek U, Carmeli S, Aharoni N (1995) Columbianetin, a phytoalexin associated with celery resistance to pathogens during storage. Phytochemistry 39:1347
Furukawa H, Ju-Ichi M, Kajiura I, Hirai M (1986) Ponfolin: a new coumarin from trifoliate orange. Chem Pharm Bull 34:3922
Bohlmann F, Abraham WR (1980) Ein neues Syringaalkohol-Derivat aus Erechtites hieracifolia. Phytochemistry 19:469
MacRae DW, Towers GHN (1985) Non-alkaloidal constituents of Virola elongata bark. Phytochemistry 24:561
Ito A, Shamon LA, Yu B, Mata-Greenwood E, Lee SK, van Breemen RB, Mehta RG, Farnsworth NR, Fong HHS, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD (1998) Antimutagenic constituents of Casimiroa edulis with potential cancer chemopreventive activity. J Agric Food Chem 46:3509
Venkatraman G, Thombare PS, Sabata BK (1994) A tetracyclic triterpenoid from Garuga pinnata. Phytochemistry 36:417
Niu XM, Li SH, Peng LY, Lin ZW, Rao GX, Sun HD (2001) Constituents from Limonia crenulata. J Asian Nat Prod Res 3:299
Nakatani M, Taka H, Iwashita T, Naoki H, Hase T (1987) The structure of graucin A, a new bitter limonoid from Evodia grauca Miq. (Rutaceae). Bull Chem Soc Jpn 60:2503
Tori K, Seo S, Shimaoka A, Tomita Y (1974) Carbon-13 NMR spectra of olean-12-enes. Full signal assignments including quaternary carbon signals assigned by use of indirect 13C, 1H spin couplings. Tetrahedron Lett 48:4227
Yosioka I, Inada A, Kitagawa I (1974) Soil bacterial hydrolysis leading to genuine aglycon. VIII. Structures of a genuine sapogenol protobasic acid and a prosapogenol of seed kernels of Madhuca longifolia L. Tetrahedron 30:707
Herath HMTB, Athukoralage PS (1998) Oleanane triterpenoids from Gordonia ceylanica. Nat Prod Sci 4:253
Miyake Y, Yokomizo K (1998) Determination of cis- and trans-18:1 fatty acid isomers in hydrogenated vegetable oils by high-resolution carbon nuclear magnetic resonance. J Am Oil Chem Soc 75:801
Roberts IO, Baird MS, Liu Y (2004) The absolute stereochemistry of cascarillic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 45:8685
Naidu SV, Gupta P, Kumar P (2007) Enantioselective syntheses of (−)-pinellic acid, α- and β-dimorphecolic acid. Tetrahedron 63:7624
Brodowsky ID, Hamberg M, Oliw EH (1992) A linoleic acid (8R)-dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase of the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis. Biosynthesis of (8R)-hydroxylinoleic acid and (7S,8S)-dihydroxylinoleic acid from (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid. J Biol Chem 267:14738
Chang HW, Jang KH, Lee D, Kang HR, Kim TY, Lee BH, Choi BW, Kim S, Shin J (2008) Monoglycerides from the brown alga Sargassum sagamianum: isolation, synthesis, and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 18:3589
Iadecola C (1997) Bright and dark sides of nitric oxide in ischemic brain injury. Trends Neurosci 20:132
Lwin T (1982) A manual of traditional medicine practitioners (Myanmar version), 3rd edn. Phoeyarzar Publishing House, Yangon 51, 53, 55, 85, 97
Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC (1956) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants CSIR, New Delhi, p 232
Diwan PV, Singh AK (1993) Anti-inflammatory activity of “Soymida febrifuga” (Mansa rohini) in rats and mice. Phytother Res 7:255
Karunasree V, Veeresham C, Rao KRSS, Asres K (2012) Antioxidant, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory and anticancer activities of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss. Mol Clin Pharmacol 3:134
Yadav PA, Suresh G, Prasad KR, Rao MSA, Babu KS (2012) New phragmalin-type limonoids from Soymida febrifuga. Tetrahedron Lett 53:773
Yadav PA, Suresh G, Rao MSA, Shankaraiah G, Rani PU, Babu KS (2014) Limonoids from the leaves of Soymida febrifuga and their insect antifeedant activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 24:888
Ambaye RY, Indap MA, Panse TB (1971) Identification of methyl angolensate in the bark of Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss. Curr Sci 158:7
Adesida GA, Taylor DAH (1972) Extractives from Soymida febrifuga. Phytochemistry 11:1520
Purushothaman KK, Chandrasekharan S (1974) Occurrence of methyl angolensate and deoxyandirobin in Soymida febrifuga A. Juss. Indian J Chem 12:207
Purushothaman KK, Chandrasekharan S, Connolly JD, Rycroft DS (1977) Tetranortriterpenoids and related substances. Part 18. Two new tetranortriterpenoids with a modified furan ring from the bark of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss. (Meliaceae). J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:1873
Awale S, Miyamoto T, Linn TZ, Li F, Win NN, Tezuka Y, Esumi H, Kadota S (2009) Cytotoxic constituents of Soymida febrifuga from Myanmar. J Nat Prod 72:1631
Zheng QA, Li HZ, Zhang YJ, Yang CR (2004) Flavonoids from the resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis. Helv Chim Acta 87:1167
Camarda L, Merlini L, Nasini G (1983) Dragon’s blood from Dracaena draco, structure of novel homoisoflavanoids. Heterocycles 20:39
Mutanyatta J, Matapa BG, Shushu DD, Abegaz BM (2003) Homoisoflavonoids and xanthones from the tubers of wild and in vitro regenerated Ledebouria graminifolia and cytotoxic activities of some of the homoisoflavonoids. Phytochemistry 62:797
Ioset JR, Marston A, Gupta MP, Hostettmann K (2001) A methylflavan with free radical scavenging properties from Pancratium littorale. Fitoterapia 72:35
Pan WB, Chang FR, Wei LM, Wu YC (2003) New flavans, spirostanol sapogenins, and a pregnane genin from Tupistra chinensis and their cytotoxicity. J Nat Prod 66:161
Achenbach H, Stöcker M, Constenla MA (1988) Flavonoid and other constituents of Bauhinia manca. Phytochemistry 27:1835
Ma XM, Liu Y, Shi YP (2007) Phenolic derivatives with free-radical-scavenging activities from Ixeridium gracile (DC.) Shih. Chem Biodivers 4:2172
Tanaka S, Kuwai Y, Tabata M (1987) Isolation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots and the structure-activity relationship. Planta Med 53:5
Carlson RE, Dolphin DH (1982) Pisum sativum stress metabolites: two cinnamylphenols and a 2′-methoxychalcone. Phytochemistry 21:1733
Meksuriyen D, Cordell GA (1988) Retrodihydrochalcones from Dracaena loureiri. J Nat Prod 51:1129
Chatterjea JN, Prasad R (1973) Condensation of Mannich base salts with phenols. Orientation of adducts. Indian J Chem 11:214
González AG, León F, Sánchez-Pinto L, Padrón JI, Bermejo J (2000) Phenolic compounds of dragon’s blood from Dracaena draco. J Nat Prod 63:1297
Ichikawa K, Kitaoka M, Taki M, Takaishi S, Iijima Y, Boriboon M, Akiyama T (1997) Retrodihydrochalcones and homoisoflavones isolated from Thai medicinal plant Dracaena loureiri and their estrogen agonist activity. Planta Med 63:540
Fuendjiep V, Wandji J, Tillequin F, Mulholland DA, Budzikiewicz H, Fomum ZT, Nyemba AM, Koch M (2002) Chalconoid and stilbenoid glycosides from Guibourtia tessmanii. Phytochemistry 60:803
Kalabin GA, Kushnarev DF, Tyukavkina NA, Gromova AS, Lutskii VI (1976) PMR spectra of natural stilbene compounds. Khim Prir Soedin:3
Peungvicha P, Temsiririrkkul R, Prasain JK, Tezuka Y, Kadota S, Thirawarapan SS, Watanabe H (1998) 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid: a hypoglycemic constituent of aqueous extract of Pandanus odorus root. J Ethnopharmacol 62:79
Yang XW, Zhao PJ, Ma YL, Xiao HT, Zuo YQ, He HP, Li L, Hao XJ (2007) Mixed lignan-neolignans from Tarenna attenuata. J Nat Prod 70:521
Department of Traditional Medicine (1990) Medicinal plants of Myanmar. Myanmar, Ministry of Health, p 115
Jabeen UBA, Ahmed A, Siddiqui MA (2015) Therapeutic uses of Vitex nigundo. World J Pharm Res 4:589
Awale S, Linn TZ, Li F, Tezuka Y, Myint A, Tomida A, Yamori T, Esumi H, Kadota S (2011) Identification of chrysoplenetin from Vitex negundo as a potential cytotoxic agent against PANC-1 and a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines (JFCR-39). Phytother Res 25:1770
Sy LK, Brown GD (1998) Three sesquiterpenes from Artemisia annua. Phytochemistry 48:1207
Marco JA, Barbera O, Rodriguez S, Domingo C, Adell J (1988) Flavonoids and other phenolics from Artemisia hispanica. Phytochemistry 27:3155
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC 45:209
Mori-Yasumoto K, Izumoto R, Fuchino H, Ooi T, Agatsuma Y, Kusumi T, Satake M, Sekita S (2012) Leishmanicidal activities and cytotoxicities of bisnaphthoquinone analogues and naphthol derivatives from Burman Diospyros burmanica. Bioorg Med Chem 20:5215
Sidhu GS, Sankaram AVB, Mahmood Ali S (1968) Extractives from Diospyros species: Part III. new naphthoquinones and naphthols from the heartwood of Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Indian J Chem 6:681
Mahmood Ali S, Prasad KK, Sankaram AVB, Sidhu GS (1971) Double bond fixation in methylnaphthalene derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 21:2305
Bungard CJ, Morris JC (2002) A convenient preparation of functionalized 1,8-dioxygenated naphthalenes from 6-alkoxybenzocyclobutenones. J Org Chem 67:2361
Parker KA, Tallman EA (1984) Annelative phenol synthesis: preparation of 7-methyljuglone and 7,9,11-trideoxydaunomycinone. Tetrahedron 40:4781
Ganapaty S, Thomas PS, Karagianis G, Waterman PG, Brun R (2006) Antiprotozoal and cytotoxic naphthalene derivatives from Diospyros assimilis. Phytochemistry 67:1950
Likhitwitayawuid K, Kaewamatawong R, Ruangrungsi N, Krungkrai J (1998) Antimalarial naphthoquinones from Nepenthes thorelii. Planta Med 64:237
Baker RW, Liu S, Sargent MV (1998) Synthesis and absolute configuration of axially chiral binaphthoquinones. Aust J Chem 51:255
Sidhu GS, Sankaram AVB (1966) Ein neues Naphthochinon aus dem Kernholz Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ann Chem 691:172
Sankaram AVB, Narayama Reddy VV, Marthandamurthi M (1986) 13C NMR spectra of some naturally occurring binaphthoquinones and related compounds. Phytochemistry 25:2867
Ali A, Assimopoulou AN, Papageorgiou VP, Kolodziej H (2011) Structure/antileishmanial activity relationship study of naphthoquinones and dependency of the mode of action on the substitution patterns. Planta Med 77:2003
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC, vol 45, p 276
Lwin T (1982) A manual of traditional medicine practitioners (Myanmar version), 3rd edn. Phoeyarzar Publishing House, Yangon, pp 41, 78, 93
Unlu M, Ergene E, Unlu GV, Zeytinoglu HS, Vural N (2010) Composition, antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae). Food Chem Toxicol 48:3274
Cheng SS, Liu JY, Huang CG, Hsui YR, Chen WJ, Chang ST (2009) Insecticidal activities of leaf essential oils from Cinnamomum osmophloeum against three mosquito species. Biores Technol 100:457
Fuchino H, Yazawa A, Kiuchi F, Kawahara N, Takahashi Y, Satake M (2015) Novel monoterpene lactones from Cinnamomum inunctum. Chem Pharm Bull 63:833
Ahmed AA, Hussein TA, Mahmoud AA, Farag MA, Paré PW, Wojcińska M, Karchesy J, Mabry TJ (2004) Nor-ent-kaurane diterpenes and hydroxylactones from Antennaria geyeri and Anaphalis margaritacea. Phytochemistry 65:2539
Lwin T (1982) A manual of traditional medicine practitioners (Myanmar version), 3rd edn. Phoeyarzar Publishing House, Yangon, pp 55, 57, 59, 81, 93, 97
Tuchinda P, Udchachon J, Reutrakul V, Santisuk T, Skelton BW, White AH, Taylor WC (1994) Pimarane diterpenes from Kaempferia pulchra. Phytochemistry 36:731
Prasad S, Yadav VR, Sundaram C, Reuter S, Hema PS, Nair MS, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB (2010) Crotepoxide chemosensitizes tumor cells through inhibition of expression of proliferation, invasion, and angiogenic proteins linked to proinflammatory pathway. J Biol Chem 285:26987
Prawat U, Tuntiwachwuttikul P, Taylor WC, Engelhardt LM, Skelton BW, White AH (1993) Diterpenes from a Kaempferia species. Phytochemistry 32:991
Win NN, Ito T, Aimaiti S, Imagawa H, Ngwe H, Abe I, Morita H (2015) Kaempulchraols A-H, diterpenoids from the rhizomes of Kaempferia pulchra collected in Myanmar. J Nat Prod 78:1113
Win NN, Ito T, Aimaiti S, Kodama T, Imagawa H, Ngwe H, Asakawa Y, Abe I, Morita H (2015) Kaempulchraols I−O: new isopimarane diterpenoids from Kaempferia pulchra rhizomes collected in Myanmar and their antiproliferative activity. Tetrahedron 71:4707
Win NN, Ito T, Aimaiti S, Kodama T, Tanaka M, Ngwe H, Asakawa Y, Abe I, Morita H (2015) Kaempulchraols P−T, diterpenoids from Kaempferia pulchra rhizomes collected in Myanmar. J Nat Prod 78:2306
Win NN, Ito T, Matsui T, Aimaiti S, Kodama T, Ngwe H, Okamoto Y, Tanaka M, Asakawa Y, Abe I, Morita H (2016) Isopimarane diterpenoids from Kaempferia pulchra rhizomes collected in Myanmar and their Vpr inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 26:1789
Win NN, Hardianti B, Ngwe H, Hayakawa Y, Morita H (2020) Anti-inflammatory activities of isopimara-8(9),15-diene diterpenoids and mode of action of kaempulchraols B−D from Kaempferia pulchra rhizomes. J Nat Med 74:487
Win NN, Hardiantia B, Kasahara S, Ngwe H, Hayakawa Y, Morita H (2020) Anti-inflammatory activities of isopimara-8(14),15-diene diterpenoids and mode of action of kaempulchraols P and Q from Kaempferia pulchra rhizomes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 30:126841
Chang CI, Tseng MH, Kuo YH (2005) Five new diterpenoids from the bark of Taiwania cryptomerioides. Chem Pharm Bull 53:286
Xia X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wei F, Liu X, Jia A, Liu C, Li W, She Z, Lin Y (2012) Pimarane diterpenes from the fungus Epicoccum sp. HS-1 associated with Apostichopus japonicus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22:3017
Thongnest S, Mahidol C, Sutthivaiyakit S, Ruchirawat S (2005) Oxygenated pimarane diterpenes from Kaempferia marginata. J Nat Prod 68:1632
Touché EMG, Lopez EG, Reyes AP, Sánchez H, Honecker F, Achenbach H (1997) Parryin, a diterpene with a tricyclic 6-7-5-ring system from Salvia parryi. Phytochemistry 45:387
Nagashima F, Murakami M, Takaoka S, Asakawa Y (2003) ent-Isopimarane-type diterpenoids from the New Zealand liverwort Trichocolea mollissima. Phytochemistry 64:1319
Win NN, Ngwe H, Abe I, Morita H (2017) Naturally occurring Vpr inhibitors from medicinal plants of Myanmar. J Nat Med 71:579
Richter SN, Frasson I, Palù G (2009) Strategies for inhibiting function of HIV-1 accessory proteins: a necessary route to AIDS therapy? Curr Med Chem 16:267
Tristem M, Marshall C, Karpas A, Hill F (1992) Evolution of the primate lentiviruses: evidence from Vpx and Vpr. EMBO J 11:3405
Stewart SA, Poon B, Jowett JB, Chen IS (1997) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces apoptosis following cell cycle arrest. J Virol 71:5579
Stewart SA, Poon B, Song JY, Chen IS (2000) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces apoptosis through caspase activation. J Virol 74:3105
Watanabe N, Nishihara Y, Yamaguchi T, Koito A, Miyoshi H, Kakeya H, Osada H (2006) Fumagillin suppresses HIV-1 infection of macrophages through the inhibition of Vpr activity. FEBS Lett 580:2598
Kamata M, Wu RP, An DS, Saxe JP, Damoiseaux R, Phelps ME, Huang J, Chen IS (2006) Cell-based chemical genetic screen identifies damnacanthal as an inhibitor of HIV-1 Vpr induced cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 348:1101
Shimura M, Zhou Y, Asada Y, Yoshikawa T, Hatake K, Takaku F, Ishizaka Y (1999) Inhibition of Vpr-induced cell cycle abnormality by quercetin: a novel strategy for searching compounds targeting Vpr. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 261:308
Ong EB, Watanabe N, Saito A, Futamura Y, Abd El Galil KH, Koito A, Najimudin N, Osada H (2011) Vipirinin, a coumarin-based HIV-1 Vpr inhibitor, interacts with a hydrophobic region of Vpr. J Biol Chem 286:14049
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC 45:373
Koike K, Yokoh M, Furukawa M, Ishii S, Ohmoto T (1995) Picrasane quassinoids from Picrasma javanica. Phytochemistry 40:233
Koike K, Ohmoto T, Uchida A, Oonishi I (1994) Javacarboline, a new β-carboline alkaloid from the stem of Picrasma javanica in Java. Heterocycles 38:1413
Yoshikawa M, Harada E, Aoki S, Yamahara J, Murakami N, Shibuya H, Kitagawa I (1993) Indonesian medicinal plants. VI. On the chemical constituents of the bark of Picrasma javanica BL. (Simaroubaceae) from Flores Island. Absolute stereostructures of picrajavanins A and B. Chem Pharm Bull 41:2101
Koike K, Ohmoto T (1992) New quassinoid glucosides, javanicinosides I, J, K, and L, from Picrasma javanica. J Nat Prod 55:482
Ishii K, Koike K, Ohmoto T (1991) Javanicinosides D−H, quassinoid glucosides from Picrasma javanica. Phytochemistry 30:4099
Koike K, Ishii K, Mitsunaga K, Ohmoto T (1991) New quassinoids from Picrasma javanica. Structures of javanicins U, V, W, X and Y. Chem Pharm Bull 39:2021
Koike K, Ishii K, Mitsunaga K, Ohmoto T (1991) New des-4-methylpicrasane quassinoids from Picrasma javanica. J Nat Prod 54:837
Koike K, Ishii K, Mitsunaga K, Ohmoto T (1991) Javanicins N, P and Q, New quassinoids from Picrasma javanica. Chem Pharm Bull 39:939
Koike K, Ishii K, Mitsunaga K, Ohmoto T (1991) Quassinoids from Picrasma javanica. Phytochemistry 30:933
Koike K, Ohmoto T (1990) Constituents from Picrasma javanica. Part 4. Quassinoids from Picrasma javanica. Phytochemistry 29:2617
Koike K, Ishii K, Ohmoto T (1990) Quassinoids from Picrasma javanica. Tennen Yuki Kagobutsu Toronkai Koen Yoshishu 32:175
Koike K, Mitsunaga K, Ohmoto T (1990) New quassinoids from Indonesian Picrasma javanica. Structures of javanicins E, F, G and M. Chem Pharm Bull 38:2746
Arbain D, Byrne LT, Sargent MV, Skelton BW, White AH (1990) The alkaloids of Picrasma javanica: Further studies. Aust J Chem 43:433
Ohmoto T, Koike K, Mitsunaga K, Fukuda H, Kagei K (1989) Studies on the constituents of Indonesian Picrasma javanica. III. Structures of new quassinoids, javanicins A, C and D. Chem Pharm Bull 37:2991
Ohmoto T, Koike K, Mitsunaga K, Fukuda H, Kagei K, Kawai T, Sato T (1989) Studies on the constituents of Indonesian Picrasma javanica. II. Structure of a new quassinoid glucoside, javanicinoside A. Chem Pharm Bull 37:993
Ohmoto T, Koike K, Kagei K (1987) Alkaloids from Picrasma javanica growing in Indonesia. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 41:338
Arbain D, Sargent MV (1987) The alkaloids of Picrasma javanica. Aust J Chem 40:1527
Johns SR, Lamberton JA, Sioumis AA (1970) 4-Methoxy-1-vinyl-β-carboline, a new alkaloid from Picrasma javanica (Simaroubaceae). Aust J Chem 23:629
Win NN, Ito T, Ismail Kodama T, Win YY, Tanaka M, Ngwe H, Asakawa Y, Abe I, Morita H (2015) Picrajavanicins A−G, quassinoids from Picrasma javanica collected in Myanmar. J Nat Prod 78:3024
Win NN, Ito T, Ismail Kodama T, Win YY, Tanaka M, Okamoto Y, Imagawa H, Ngwe H, Asakawa Y, Abe I, Morita H (2016) Picrajavanicins H−M, new quassinoids from Picrasma javanica collected in Myanmar and their antiproliferative activities. Tetrahedron 72:746
Jiao WH, Gao H, Zhao F, He F, Zhou GX, Yao XS (2011) A new neolignan and a new sesterterpenoid from the stems of Picrasma quassioides Bennet. Chem Biodivers 8:1163
Win NN, Ito T, Win YY, Ngwe H, Kodama T, Abe I, Morita H (2016) Quassinoids: viral protein R inhibitors from Picrasma javanica bark collected in Myanmar for HIV infection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 26:4620
Prema Wong CP, Nugroho AE, Awouafack MD, Win YY, Win NN, Ngwe H, Morita H, Morita H (2019) Two new quassinoids and other constituents from Picrasma javanica wood, and their biological activities. J Nat Med 73:589
Mendes CC, Sandes LQ, Cruz FG, Roque NF (2009) New (9βH)-lanostanes and lanostanes from Mikania aff. jeffreyi (Asteraceae). Chem Biodivers 6:1463
Darmawan A, Kosela S, Kardono LBS, Syah YM (2012) Scopoletin, a coumarin derivative compound isolated from Macaranga gigantifolia Merr. J Appl Pharm Sci 2:175
Koike K, Ohmoto T (1985) Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of canthin-6-one alkaloids. Chem Pharm Bull 33:5239
Alan-Sheeja DB, Nair MS (2012) Phytochemical constituents of Curcuma amada. Biochem Syst Ecol 44:264
Firman K, Kinoshita T, Itai K, Sankawa U (1988) Terpenoids from Curcuma heyneana. Phytochemistry 27:3887
Abas A, Lajis NH, Shaari K, Israf DA, Stanslas J, Yusuf UK, Raof SM (2005) A labdane diterpene glucoside from the rhizomes of Curcuma mangga. J Nat Prod 68:1090
Liu Y, Nair MG (2011) Labdane diterpenes in Curcuma mangga rhizomes inhibit lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes and human tumour cell proliferation. Food Chem 124:527
Schramm A, Ebrahimi SN, Raith M, Zaugg J, Rueda DC, Hering S, Hamburger M (2013) Phytochemical profiling of Curcuma kwangsiensis rhizome extract, and identification of labdane diterpenoids as positive GABAA receptor modulators. Phytochemistry 96:318
Itokawa H, Morita M, Mihashi S (1980) Labdane and bisnorlabdane type diterpenes from Alpinia speciosa K. Schum. Chem Pharm Bull 28:3452
Itokawa HI, Yoshimoto S, Morita H (1988) Diterpenes from the rhizomes of Alpinia formosana. Phytochemistry 27:435
Morita H, Itokawa H (1988) Cytotoxic and antifungal diterpenes from the seeds of Alpinia galanga. Planta Med 54:117
Sirat HM, Masri D, Rahman AA (1994) The distribution of labdane diterpenes in the Zingiberaceae of Malaysia. Phytochemistry 36:699
Xu HX, Dong H, Sim KY (1996) Labdane diterpenes from Alpinia zerumbet. Phytochemistry 42:149
Sy LK, Brown GD (1997) Labdane diterpenoids from Alpinia chinensis. J Nat Prod 60:904
Ngo KS, Brown GD (1998) Stilbenes, monoterpenes, diarylheptanoids, labdanes and chalcones from Alpinia katsumadai. Phytochemistry 47:1117
Zhang J, Kong LY (2004) Chemical constituents from Alpinia tonkinensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res 6:199
Nuntawong N, Susksamrarn A (2008) Chemical constituents of the rhizomes of Alpinia malaccensis. Biochem Syst Ecol 36:661
Li QM, Luo JG, Yang MH, Kong LY (2015) Terpenoids from rhizomes of Alpinia japonica inhibiting nitric oxide production. Chem Biodivers 12:388
Singh S, Gray AI, Waterman PG (1993) 14,15,16-Trinorlabda-8(17),11-(E)-dien-13-al: A trinorlabdane diterpene from the rhizome of Hedychium coronarium. Nat Prod Lett 3:163
Itokawa H, Morita H, Katou I, Takeya K, Cavalheiro AJ, Oliveira RC, Ishige M, Motidome M (1988) Cytotoxic diterpenes from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium. Planta Med 54:311
Xiao P, Sun C, Zahid M, Ishrud O, Pan Y (2001) New diterpene from Hedychium villosum. Fitoterapia 72:837
Chimnoi N, Pisutjaroenpong S, Ngiwsara L, Dechtrirut D, Chokchaichamnankit D, Khunnawutmanotham N, Mahidol C, Techasakul S (2008) Labdane diterpenes from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium. Nat Prod Res 22:1249
Chen JJ, Ting CW, Wu YC, Hwang TL, Cheng MJ, Sung PJ, Wang TC, Chen JF (2013) New labdane-type diterpenoids and anti-inflammatory constituents from Hedychium coronarium. Int J Mol Sci 14:13063
Akiyama K, Kikuzaki H, Aoki T, Okuda A, Lajis NH, Nakatani N (2006) Terpenoids and a diarylheptanoid from Zingiber ottensii. J Nat Prod 69:1637
Kimbu SF, Ngadjui B, Sondengam LB, Njimi TK, Connolly JD, Fakunle CO (1987) A new labdane diterpenoid from the seeds of Aframomum daniellii. J Nat Prod 50:230
Duker-Eshun G, Jaroszewski JW, Asomaning WA, Oppong-Boachie F, Olsen CE, Christensen SB (2002) Antiplasmodial activity of labdanes from Aframomum latifolium and Aframomum sceptrum. Planta Med 68:642
Nissankara Rao LS, Kilari EK, Kola PK (2019) Protective effect of Curcuma amada acetone extract against high-fat and high-sugar diet-induced obesity and memory impairment. Nutr Neurosci May 31:1
Policegoudra RS, Rehna K, Rao LJ, Aradhya SM (2010). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of a novel molecule isolated and characterized from mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome. J Biosci 35:231
Policegoudra RS, Aradhya SM, Singh L (2011) Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) a promising spice for phytochemicals and biological activities. J Biosci 36:739
Win NN, Ito T, Ngwe H, Win YY, Prema Okamoto Y, Tanaka M, Asakawa Y, Abe I, Morita H (2017) Labdane diterpenoids from Curcuma amada rhizomes collected in Myanmar and their antiproliferative activities. Fitoterapia 122:34
Singh S, Kumar JK, Saikia D, Shanker K, Thakur JP, Negi AS, Banerjee S (2010) A bioactive labdane diterpenoid from Curcuma amada and its semisynthetic analogues as antitubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 45:4379
Singh S, Gray AI, Skelton BW, Waterman PG, White AH (1991) (+)-14-Hydroxylabda-8(17),12-dieno-16,15-lactone ((+)-isocoronarin-D): a new diterpene from Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae). Aust J Chem 44:1789
Dibwe DF, Awale S, Morita H, Tezuka Y (2015) Anti-austeritic constituents of the Congolese medicinal plant Aframomum melegueta. Nat Prod Commun 10:997
Department of Traditional Medicine (1999) Ministry of Health. Yangon, Government of Union of Myanmar, p 117
Mohanbabu AV, Kishore MK, Chandrashekar BR, Pradeepa HD, Christopher R, Nandit PB (2015) Evaluation of potential antiamnesic activities of aqueous extract of Vitex trifolia leaves against scopolamine induced amnesia and in normal rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 26:201
Mathankumar M, Tamizhselvi R, Manickam V, Purohit G (2015) Assessment of anticarcinogenic potential of Vitex trifolia and Triticum aestivum Linn. by in vitro rat liver microsomal degranulation. Toxicol Int 22:114
Wu J, Zhou T, Zhang SW, Zhang XH, Xuan LJ (2009) Cytotoxic terpenoids from the fruits of Vitex trifolia L. Planta Med 75:367
Li WX, Cui CB, Cai B, Yao XS (2005) Labdane-type diterpenes as new cell cycle inhibitors and apoptosis inducers from Vitex trifolia L. J Asian Nat Prod Res 7:95
Li WX, Cui CB, Cai B, Wang HY, Yao XS (2005) Flavonoids from Vitex trifolia L. inhibit cell cycle progression at G2/M phase and induce apoptosis in mammalian cancer cells. J Asian Nat Prod Res 7:615
Matsui M, Adib-Conquy M, Coste A, Kumar-Roine S, Pipy B, Laurent D, Pauillac S (2012) Aqueous extract of Vitex trifolia L. (Labiatae) inhibits LPS-dependent regulation of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B translocation and expression. J Ethnopharmacol 143:24
Matsui M, Kumar-Roine S, Darius HT, Chinain M, Laurent D, Pauillac S (2009) Characterisation of the anti-inflammatory potential of Vitex trifolia L. (Labiatae), a multipurpose plant of the Pacific traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 126:427
Kannathasan K, Senthilkumar A, Venkatesalu V (2011) Mosquito larvicidal activity of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate isolated from the leaves of Vitex trifolia Linn. Acta Trop 120:115
Manjunatha BK, Vidya SM, Krishna V, Mankani KL, Singh SD, Manohara YN (2007) Comparative evaluation of wound healing potency of Vitex trifolia L. and Vitex altissima L. Phytother Res 21:457
Geetha V, Doss A, Doss AP (2004) Antimicrobial potential of Vitex trifolia Linn. Anc Sci Life 23:30
Hossain MM, Paul N, Sohrab MH, Rahman E, Rashid MA (2001) Antibacterial activity of Vitex trifolia. Fitoterapia 72:695
Hernández MM, Heraso C, Villarreal ML, Vargas-Arispuro I, Aranda E (1999) Biological activities of crude plant extracts from Vitex trifolia L. (Verbenaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 67:37
Zheng CJ, Zhu JY, Yu W, Ma XQ, Rahman K, Qin LP (2013) Labdane-type diterpenoids from the fruits of Vitex trifolia. J Nat Prod 76:287
Gu Q, Zhang XM, Zhou J, Qiu SX, Chen JJ (2008) One new dihydrobenzofuran lignan from Vitex trifolia. J Asian Nat Prod Res 10:499
Ono M, Ito Y, Noharab T (2001) Four new halimane-type diterpenes, vitetrifolins D−G, from the fruit of Vitex trifolia. Chem Pharm Bull 49:1220
Suksamrarn A, Werawattanametin K, Brophy JJ (1991) Variation of essential oil constituents in Vitex trifolia species. Flavour Fragr J 6:97
Suchitra M, Cheriyan BV (2018) Vitex trifolia: An ethnobotanical and pharmacological review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 11:12
Nishina A, Itagaki M, Sato D, Kimura H, Hirai Y, Phay N, Makishima M (2017) The rosiglitazone-like effects of vitexilactone, a constituent from Vitex trifolia L. in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Molecules 22:2030
Ono M, Yamamoto M, Yanaka T, Ito Y, Nohara T (2001) Ten new labdane-type diterpenes from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia. Chem Pharm Bull 49:82
You KM, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS, Kim HP (1998) Vitexicarpin, a flavonoid from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia, inhibits mouse lymphocyte proliferation and growth of cell lines in vitro. Planta Med 64:546
Seebacher W, Simic N, Weis R, Saf R, Kunert O (2003) Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR resonances of oleanolic acid, 18α-oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and their 11-oxo derivatives. Magn Reson Chem 41:636
Ukiya M, Sato D, Kimura H, Koketsu M, Phay N, Nishina A (2020) (−)-O-Methylcubebin from Vitex trifolia enhanced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells via the inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK phosphorylation. Molecules 25:73
Kiralj R, Ferreira MM, Donate PM, da Silva R, Albuquerque S (2007) Conformational study of (8α,8′β)-bis(substituted phenyl)-lignano-9,9′-lactones by means of combined computational, database mining, NMR, and chemometric approaches. J Phys Chem A 111:6316
Marco JA, Sanz-Cervera JF, Morante MD, Garcia-Lliso V, Valles-Xirau J, Jakupovic J (1996) Tricyclic sesquiterpenes from Artemisia chamaemelifolia. Phytochemistry 41:837
de Pascoli IC, Nascimento IR, Lopes LM (2006) Configurational analysis of cubebins and bicubebin from Aristolochia lagesiana and Aristolochia pubescens. Phytochemistry 67:735
Lwin T (1982) A manual of traditional medicine practitioners (Myanmar version), 3rd edn. Phoeyarzar Publishing House, Yangon, p 49
Tiew P, Takayama H, Kitajima M, Aimi N, Kokpol U, Chavasiri W (2003) A novel neolignan, mansoxetane, and two new sesquiterpenes, mansonones R and S, from Mansonia gagei. Tetrahedron Lett 44:6759
Tiew P, Puntumchai A, Kokpol U, Chavasiri W (2002) Coumarins from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei Drumm. Phytochemistry 60:773
Tiew P, Ioset JR, Kokpol U, Chavasiri W, Hostettmann K (2003) Antifungal, antioxidant and larvicidal activities of compounds isolated from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei. Phytother Res 17:190
Tiew P, Ioset JR, Kokpol U, Schenk K, Jaiboon N, Chaichit N, Chavasiri W, Hostettmann K (2002) Four new sesquiterpenoid derivatives from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei. J Nat Prod 65:1332
El-Halawany AM, Chung MH, Ma CM, Komatsu K, Nishihara T, Hattori M (2007) Anti-estrogenic activity of mansorins and mansonones from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei DRUMM. Chem Pharm Bull 55:1332
Puckhaber LS, Stipanovic RD (2004) Thespesenone and dehydrooxoperezinone-6-methyl ether, new sesquiterpene quinones from Thespesia populnea. J Nat Prod 67:1571
Baghdadi MA, Al-Abbasi FA, El-Halawany AM, Aseeri AH, Al-Abd AM (2018) Anticancer profiling for coumarins and related O-naphthoquinones from Mansonia gagei against solid tumor cells in vitro. Molecules 23:1020
Nishina A, Miura A, Goto M, Terakado K, Sato D, Kimura H, Hirai Y, Sato H, Phay N (2018) Mansonone E from Mansonia gagei inhibited α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16 cells by inhibiting CREB expression and phosphorylation in the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 41:770
Boonsri S, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C, Chantrapromma S, Kanjana-Opas A (2008) Cytotoxic and antibacterial sesquiterpenes from Thespesia populnea. J Nat Prod 71:1173
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. United States National Herbarium. Washington, DC, vol 45 p 390
Gopal RH, Purushothaman KK (1984) Effect of plant isolates on coagulation of blood: an in vitro study. Bull Medico-Ethnobot Res 5:171
Rathore RS, Prakash A, Singh PP (1977) Premna integrifolia Linn. Preliminary study of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. Rheumatism 12:130
Dash GK, Patrolm CP, Maiti AK (2005) A study on the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of roots of Premna corymbosa Rottl. J Nat Remedies 5:31
Rajendran R, Basha NS (2010) Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and fractions of Premna serratifolia Linn. root. Med Plants 2:33
Yadav D, Masood N, Luqman S, Brindha P, Gupta MM (2013) Antioxidant furofuran lignans from Premna integrifolia. Ind Crops Prod 41:397
Mali PY (2015) Premna integrifolia L.: a review of its biodiversity, traditional uses and phytochemistry. Anc Sci Life 35:4
Win NN, Woo SY, Ngwe H, Prema Wong CP, Ito T, Okamoto Y, Tanaka M, Imagawa H, Asakawa Y, Abe I, Morita H (2018) Tetrahydrofuran lignans: melanogenesis inhibitors from Premna integrifolia wood collected in Myanmar. Fitoterapia 127:308
Ju Y, Still CC, Sacalis JN, Li J, Ho CT (2001) Cytotoxic coumarins and lignans from extracts of the northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum). Phytother Res 15:441
Okazaki M, Ishibashi F, Shuto Y, Taniguchi E (1997) Total synthesis of (+)-paulownin. Biosci Biotech Biochem 61:743
Anjaneyulu ASR, Rao AM, Rao VK, Row LR (1977) Novel hydroxyl lignans from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea. Tetrahedron 33:133
Choi HG, Choi YH, Kim JH, Kim HH, Kim SH, Kim JA, Lee SM, Na MK, Lee SH (2014) A new neolignan and lignans from the stems of Lindera obtusiloba Blume and their anti-allergic inflammatory effects. Arch Pharm Res 37:467
Tsukamoto H, Hisada S, Nishibe S (1985) Lignans from the bark of the Olea plants II. Chem Pharm Bull 33:1232
Woo SY, Hoshino S, Wong CP, Win NN, Awouafack MD, Prema Ngwe H, Zhang H, Hayashi F, Abe I, Morita H (2019) Lignans with melanogenesis effects from Premna serratifolia wood. Fitoterapia 133:35
Woo SY, Wong CP, Win NN, Hoshino S, Prema Ngwe H, Abe I, Morita H (2019) A new tetrahydrofuran type lignan from Premna serratifolia wood. Nat Prod Commun 14:113
Endres D, Lausberg V, Signore GD, Berner OM (2002) A general approach to the asymmetric synthesis of lignans: (−)-methylpiperitol, (−)-sesamin, (−)-aschantin, (+)-yatein, (+) dihydroclusin, (+)-burseran, and (−)-isostegane. Synthesis 4:515
Lin RW, Tsai IL, Duh CY, Lee KH, Cehn IS (2004) New lignans and cytotoxic constituents from Wikstroemia lanceolata. Planta Med 70:234
Marchand PA, Kato MJ, Lewis NG (1997) (+)-Episesaminone, a Sesamum indicum furofuran lignan. Isolation and hemisynthesis. J Nat Prod 60:1189
Fatope MO, Salihu L, Asante SK, Takeda Y (2002) Larvicidal activity of extracts and triterpenoids from Lantana camara. Pharm Biol 40:564
Wen X, Sun H, Liu J, Cheng K, Zhang P, Zhang L, Hao J, Zhang L, Ni P, Zographos SE, Leonidas DD, Alexacou KM, Gimisis T, Hayes JM, Oikonomakos NG (2008) Naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase: synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and X-ray crystallographic studies. J Med Chem 51:3540
Huang D, Ding Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Fang W, Chen X (2006) Anti-tumor activity of a 3-oxo derivative of oleanolic acid. Cancer Lett 233:289
Woo SY (2019) Melanogenesis regulatory constituents from Premna serratifolia, Jatropha multifida and Clathria prolifera collected in Myanmar. PhD Thesis, University of Toyama
The Plant List. www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2549267, 2018. Accessed 14 Feb 2018
Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi YY (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. United States National Herbarium, Washington, DC 45:371
Lwin T (1982) A manual of traditional medicine practitioners (Myanmar version), 3rd Ed. Phoeyarzar Publishing House, Yangon, pp 41, 52, 71, 91, 92
Joy KL, Rajeshkumar NV, Kuttan G, Kuttan R (2000) Effect of Picrorrhiza kurroa extract on transplanted tumors and chemical carcinogenesis in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 71:261
Dhawan BN (1995) Picroliv–a new hepatoprotective agent from an Indian medicinal plant. Picrorrhiza kurroa. Med Chem Res 5:595
Engels F, Renirie BF, Hart BA, Labadie RP, Nijkamp FP (1992) Effects of apocynin, a drug isolated from the roots of Picrorhiza kurroa, on arachidonic acid metabolism. FEBS Lett 305:254
Dorsch W, Stuppner H, Wagner H, Gropp M, Demoulin S, Ring J (1991) Antiasthmatic effects of Picrorhiza kurroa: androsin prevents allergen- and PAF-induced bronchial obstruction in guinea pigs. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 95:128
Puri A, Saxena RP, Sumati Guru PY, Kulshreshtha DK, Saxena KC, Dhawan BN (1992) Immunostimulant activity of Picroliv, the iridoid glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa, and its protective action against Leishmania donovani infection in hamsters. Planta Med 58:528
Chander R, Kapoor NK, Dhawan BN (1992) Picroliv, picroside-I and kutkoside from Picrorhiza kurroa are scavengers of superoxide anions. Biochem Pharmacol 44:180
Mehrotra R, Rawat S, Kulshreshltha D (1990) In vitro studies on the effect of certain natural products against hepatitis B virus. Indian J Med Res 92:133
Gupta PP (2001) Picroliv: hepatoprotective immunomodulator. Drugs Fut 26:25
Basu K, Dasgupta B, Bhattacharya SK, Debnath PK (1971) Chemistry and pharmacology of apocynin, isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. Curr Sci 40:603
Stuppner H, Wagner H (1989) New cucurbitacin glycosides from Picrorhiza kurroa. Planta Med 55:559
Stuppner H, Wagner H (1989) Minor iridoid and phenol glycosides of Picrorhiza kurroa. Planta Med 55:467
Stuppner H, Kähling HP, Seligmann O, Wagner H (1990) Minor cucurbitacin glycosides from Picrorhiza kurrooa. Phytochemistry 29:1633
Rastogi RP, Sharma VN, Siddiqui S (1949) Chemical examination of Picrorhiza kurroa Benth., part 1. J Sci Ind Res 8:173
Kitagawa I, Hino K, Nishimura T, Mukai E, Yosioak I, Inouye H, Yoshida T (1969) Picroside I, a bitter principle of Picrorhiza kurroa. Tetrahedron Lett 10:3837
Jia Q, Hong MF, Minter D (1999) Pikuroside: a novel iridoid from Picrorhiza kurroa. J Nat Prod 62:901
Win NN, Kodama T, Lae KZW, Win YY, Ngwe H, Abe I, Morita H (2019) Bis-iridoid and iridoid glycosides: viral protein R inhibitors from Picrorhiza kurroa collected in Myanmar. Fitoterapia 134:101
Murai F, Tagawa M, Matsuda S, Kikuchi T, Uesato S, Inouye H (1985) Abeliosides A and B, secoiridoid glucosides from Abelia grandiflora. Phytochemistry 24:2329
Keawpradub N, Takayama H, Aimi N, Sakai SI (1994) Indole alkaloids from Alstonia glaucescens. Phytochemistry 37:1745
Bianco A, Passacantilli P (1981) 8-Epiloganin, an iridoid glucoside from Odontites verna. Phytochemistry 20:1873
Venditti A, Frezza C, Sciubba F, Foddai S, Serafini M, Nicoletti M, Bianco A (2016) Secoiridoids and other chemotaxonomically relevant compounds in Pedicularis: phytochemical analysis and comparison of Pedicularis rostratocapitata Crantz and Pedicularis verticillata L. from Dolomites. Nat Prod Res 30:1698
Chen Y, Yu H, Guo F, Wu Y, Li Y (2018) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a standardized extract of bis-iridoids from Pterocephalus hookeri. J Ethnopharmacol 216:233
Jensen SR, Franzyk H, Wallander E (2002) Chemotaxonomy of the Oleaceae: iridoids as taxonomic markers. Phytochemistry 60:213
Inouye H, Uesato S (1986) Biosynthesis of iridoids and secoiridoids. Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 50:169
Sabandar CW, Ahmat N, Jaafar FM, Sahidin I (2013) Medicinal property, phytochemistry and pharmacology of several Jatropha species (Euphorbiaceae): a review. Phytochemistry 85:7
Lwin T (1982) A manual of traditional medicine practitioners (Myanmar version), 3rd edn Phoeyarzar Publishing House, Yangon, pp 51,76
Falodun A, Imieje V, Erharuyi O, Joy A, Langer P, Jacob M, Khan S, Abaldry M, Hamann M (2014) Isolation of antileishmanial, antimalarial and antimicrobial metabolites from Jatropha multifida. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4:374
Anani K, Adjarah Y, Améyapoh Y, Karou SD, Agbonon A, de Souza C, Gbeassor M (2016) Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Jatropha multifida L. (Euphorbiaceae). Pharmacog Res 8:142
Kosasi S, Van Der Sluis WG, Labadie RP (1989) Multifidol and multifidol glucoside from the latex of Jatropha multifida. Phytochemistry 28:2439
Das B, Ravikanth B, Reddy KR, Thirupathi P, Raju TV, Sridhar B (2008) Diterpenoids from Jatropha multifida. Phytochemistry 69:2639
Zhu JY, Zhang CY, Dai JJ, Rahman K, Zhang H (2017) Diterpenoids with thioredoxin reductase inhibitory activities from Jatropha multifida. Nat Prod Res 31:2753
Das B, Kashinatham A, Venkataiah B, Srinivas KVNS, Mahender G, Reddy MR (2003) Cleimiscosin A, a coumarino-lignoid from Jatropha gossypifolia. Biochem Syst Ecol 31:1189
Shoji M, Woo SY, Masuda A, Win NN, Ngwe H, Takahashi E, Kido H, Morita H, Ito T, Kuzuhara T (2017) Anti-influenza virus activity of extracts from the stems of Jatropha multifida Linn. collected in Myanmar. BMC Complement Altern Med 17:96
Woo SY, Wong CP, Win NN, Lae KZW, Woo B, Elsabbagh SA, Liu QQ, Ngwe H, Morita H (2019) Anti-melanin deposition activity and active constituents of Jatropha multifida stems. J Nat Med 73:805
Gao W, Li Q, Chen J, Wang Z, Hua C (2013) Total synthesis of six 3,4-unsubstituted coumarins. Molecules 18:15613
Lima OOA, Braz-Filho R (1997) Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans and coumarins from Ipomoea cairica. J Braz Chem Soc 8:235
Aguiar RM, Alves CQ, David JM, Lima LCRL, David JP, Queiróz LP (2012) Antioxidant activities of isolated compounds from stems of Mimosa invisa. Mart. ex Colla. Quim Nova 35:567
Kinjo J, Higuchi H, Fukui K, Nohara T (1991) Lignoids from Albizziae Cortex. II. A biodegradation pathway of syringaresinol. Chem Pharm Bull 39:2952
Abe F, Yamaguchi T (1988) 9α-Hydroxypinoresinol, 9α-hydroxymedioresinol and related lignans from Allamandra neriifolia. Phytochemistry 27:575
Xie LH, Akao T, Hamasaki K, Deyama T, Hattori M (2003) Biotransformation of pinoresinol diglucoside to mammalian lignans by human intestinal microflora, and isolation of Enterococcus faecalis strain PDG-1 responsible for the transformation of (+)-pinoresinol to (+)-lariciresinol. Chem Pharm Bull 51:508
Kumor V, Staden JV (2016) A review of Swertia chirayita (Gentianaceae) as a traditional medicinal plant. Front Pharmacol 6:308
Zhou NJ, Geng CA, Huang XY, Ma YB, Zhang XM, Wang JL, Chen JJ (2015) Anti-hepatitis B virus active constituents from Swertia chirayita. Fitoterapia 100:27
Kumar V, Chandra S (2015) LC-ESI/MS determination of xanthone and secoiridoid glycosides from in vitro regenerated and in vivo Swertia chirayita. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 21:51
Padhan JK, Kumar V, Sood H, Singh TR, Chauhan RS (2015) Contents of therapeutic metabolites in Swertia chirayita correlate with the expression profiles of multiple genes in corresponding biosynthesis pathways. Phytochemistry 116:38
Woo SY, Win NN, Oo WMN, Ngwe H, Ito T, Abe I, Morita H (2019) Viral Protein R inhibitors from Swertia chirata of Myanmar. J Biosci Bioeng 128:445
Alaribe S, Shode F, Coker HA, Ayoola G, Sunday A, Singh N, Iwuanyanwu S (2011) Antimicrobial activities of hexane extract and decussatin from stembark extract of Ficus congensis. Int J Mol Sci 12:2750
Basnet P, Kadota S, Shimizu M, Namba T (1994) Bellidifolin: a potent hypoglycemic agent in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats from Swertia japonica. Planta Med 60:507
Li ZY, Wang C, Zang Z, Xiao H (2011) Study on chemical constituents of Swertia binchuanensis. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res 22:1086
Zheng XY, Yang YF, Li W, Zhao X, Sun Y, Sun H, Wang YH, Pu XP (2014) Two xanthones from Swertia punicea with hepatoprotective activities in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 153:854
Csuk R, Siewert B (2011) A convenient separation of ursolic and oleanolic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 52:6616
Kashiwada Y, Wang HK, Nagao T, Kitanaka S, Yasuda I, Fujioka T, Yamagishi T, Cosentino LM, Kozuka M, Okabe H, Ikeshiro Y, Hu CQ, Yeh E, Lee KH (1998) Anti-AIDS agents. 30. Anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids. J Nat Prod 61:1090
Urbain A, Marston A, Sintra Grilo L, Bravo J, Purev O, Purevsuren B, Batsuren D, Reist M, Carrupt PA, Hostettmann K (2008) Xanthones from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta with acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities. J Nat Prod 71:895
Hu TY, Ju JM, Mo LH, Ma L, Hu WH, You RR, Chen XQ, Chen YY, Liu ZQ, Qiu SQ, Fan JT, Cheng BH (2019) Anti-inflammation action of xanthones from Swertia chirayita by regulating COX-2/NF-κB/MAPKs/Akt signaling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Phytomedicine 55:214
Verma H, Patil PR, Kolhapure RM, Gopalkrishna V (2008) Antiviral activity of the Indian medicinal plant extract, Swertia chirata against Herpes simplex viruses: a study by in vitro and molecular approach. Indian J Med Microbiol 26:322
Pasfield LA, Cruz L, Ho J, Coote ML, Otting G, McLeod MD (2013) Synthesis of (±)-panduratin A and related natural products using the high pressure Diels-Alder reaction. Asian J Org Chem 2:60
Bala KR, Seshadri (1971) Isolation and synthesis of some coumarin components of Mesua ferrea seed oil. Phytochemistry 10:1131
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Professors Douglas Kinghorn and Heinz Falk for their enormous assistance and encouragement with the preparation of the manuscript and whose contributions to this volume went far beyond their editorial duties. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Professor Yoshinori Asakawa (Tokushima Bunri University), Professor Ikuro Abe (University of Tokyo), and Professor Dr Daw Hla Ngwe (Yangon University) for valuable suggestions. The authors also acknowledge the researchers from Myanmar, Germany, Japan, and Korea for their great contributions to the scientific research publications regarding the medicinal plants from Myanmar. Special thanks are owed to Professor Dr Ni Ni Than (Yangon University), Dr Myint Myint Than (Department of Traditional Medicine), Dr Yi Yi Win (Dawei University), Dr Khine Zar Wynn Lae (Yangon University), and Dr Ei Ei Thwin (Taunggoke Degree College), who helped to take the photographs of the Myanmar medicinal plants.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Win, N.N., Morita, H. (2021). Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants in Myanmar. In: Kinghorn, A.D., Falk, H., Gibbons, S., Kobayashi, J., Asakawa, Y., Liu, JK. (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 114. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol 114. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59444-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59444-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59443-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-59444-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)