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On “The Most Useful” Oleaginous Seeds: Linum usitatissimum L., A Genomic View with Emphasis on Important Flax Seed Storage Compounds

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Oil Crop Genomics

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Abstract

Linum usitatissimum L. (common flax) is one of the oldest domesticated plants. Flax and linseed are terms used to reference this crop. Flax has an average genome size of ca 750 Mb with a genetic potential estimated to encode ca 43,000 genes. It is self-pollinated, diploid, and with a relatively small genome recently released which are key features which make flax an ideal crop for breeding and genetic studies. Its popularity rose again in recent decades since it was defined as a functional food. Indeed, its seed is a rich source of oil particularly rich in omega 3 and lignans. Flax is highly adaptable to modern molecular genetic engineering techniques. Future developments in flax genomic studies would greatly benefit from reduced sequencing costs and new approaches. Many important gene targets involved in key processes, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA) and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) biosynthesis during seed development, have been established through transcriptome analysis. The transcriptomic analysis of the development of flax seed is still underdeveloped, however, and this could contribute to a thorough understanding of the crop’s health-modulating effects. The protein content in flaxseed has been reported to range from 10.5% to 31%. The major seed storage proteins include albumins, globulins, and prolamins. Flax seed contains in particular two lectin groups with different localization and physiological functions that may participate in specific adaptation of flax plants to various abiotic stress factors.

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Acknowledgments

Part of this work was supported by Loire Valley Regional Council (Acti-LIN) and Ligue contre le Cancer (IMPACT, Cell4LiFE).

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Author notes

  1. Lucija Markulin and Yuliia Makhno have equal contribution of the first authors.

  2. Hanna Levchuk and Christophe Hano corresponding authors. These authors have equal contribution of the senior authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Orleans University, Orléans Cedex 2, France

    Lucija Markulin, Samantha Drouet, Eric Lainé & Christophe Hano

  2. Flax Breeding Lab, Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya region, Ukraine

    Yuliia Makhno & Hanna Levchuk

  3. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, Iran

    Sara Zare & Mohammad R. Sabzalian

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan

    Sumaira Anjum

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Duangjai Tungmunnithum

  6. Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Bilal Haider Abbasi

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Correspondence to Christophe Hano .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (formerly Dammam University), Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Huseyin Tombuloglu

  2. Ficus Biotechnology, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey

    Turgay Unver

  3. Al Khalidiyah Ash Shamaliyah, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Guzin Tombuloglu

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

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Markulin, L. et al. (2021). On “The Most Useful” Oleaginous Seeds: Linum usitatissimum L., A Genomic View with Emphasis on Important Flax Seed Storage Compounds. In: Tombuloglu, H., Unver, T., Tombuloglu, G., Hakeem, K.R. (eds) Oil Crop Genomics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70420-9_8

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