Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTD) are a group of complex congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. These occur with an incidence of 2–3/1000 births in the UK (??) with a female predominance. The two most common types of NTDs are spina bifida and anencephaly, affecting different levels of the brain and spine as a reflection of the embryonic processes that form these structures. The estimated prevalence reflects temporal, regional, and ethnic variations.
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Notes
- 1.
CA Victor Hensen (1835–1924) German zoologist who also coined the term “plankton.”
- 2.
Julius Arnold (1835–1915) German pathologist. Herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foremen magnum.
- 3.
Hans Chiari (1851–1916) Austrian pathologist.
- 4.
Paul Mitrofanoff—French urologist, technique first described in 1980.
- 5.
Paolo Ricardo Monti—Brazilian urologist, technique described in 1997.
Further Reading
Copp AJ, Adzick NS, Chitty LS, et al. Spina Bifida. Nat Rev. Dis Primers. 2015;1:15007. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.7.
Adzick NS, Thom EA, Spong CY, et al. A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1014379.
Thompson DN. Postnatal management and outcome for neural tube defects including spina bifida and encephalocoeles. Prenat Diagn. 2009;29:412–9.
Avagliano L, Massa V, George TM, et al. Overview on neural tube defects: from development to physical characteristics. Birth Defects Res. 2019;15(111(19)):1455–67.
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Hettige, S., Shtaya, A., Gangopadhyay, A.N. (2022). Spina Bifida. In: Sinha, C.K., Davenport, M. (eds) Handbook of Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84467-7_42
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84467-7_42
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