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Morphophonemics and Morphology

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The Logic of Language

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Abstract

The cornerstone of a general understanding of word structure, specifically of morphophonemics, is what I have called the principle of markedness complementarity (Shapiro 1974c:34; cf. Shapiro 1972b:359). Grossly considered, this principle states that oppositely marked stems and desinences attract, and identically marked stems and desinences repel. For instance, to illustrate using data genetically unconnected with Russian, in Japanese one may assume that vocalic stems (i.e., those ending in a vowel) are unmarked, while consonantal stems (i.e., those ending in a consonant or glide) are marked.1 Similarly, we may assume that vocalic desinences (those beginning in a vowel) are unmarked, whereas consonantal desinences (those beginning in a consonant or glide) are marked. One may (and, ultimately, must) assume this when confronted, first of all, by the alternations of the nonpreterite desinence u~ru: tabe-ru “eat,” iki-ru “live,” nusum-u “steal,” kos-u “cross,” etc.

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  1. Manchester Center, Vermont, USA

    Michael Shapiro

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Shapiro, M. (2022). Morphophonemics and Morphology. In: The Logic of Language. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06612-2_4

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