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Pseudodementia: A Case Report on the Connection Between Dementia and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

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Clinical Cases in Psychiatry: Integrating Translational Neuroscience Approaches

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Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major affective disorder marked by recurrent/cyclical episodes of mania/hypomania and depression, and it is considered one of the major causes of disability worldwide, having a detrimental effect on the cognitive, social, and occupational functioning of the individual. BD may have a late onset. The elderly can indeed present two different patterns of mixed affective-cognitive disturbances, with several overlapping features: depressive pseudodementia (symptoms of dementia in depression, reversible) and pseudodepressive dementia (symptoms of depression in dementia, irreversible). Interestingly, the similarities in several features between BD and dementia suggest a potential overlooked continuum between these disorders. Of note, this report describes the case of a 71-year-old male, presenting a quickly cognitive deficits onset and a change from his prior pattern of behavior. Up to date, there are no clear guidelines available to diagnose and treat late-onset bipolar illness presenting as pseudodementia; thus it is necessary to keep in mind the existence of this clinical presentation which requires a follow-up of symptoms over time.

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  1. Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Valentina Ciappolino & Giulia Orsenigo

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  1. Valentina Ciappolino
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  1. Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Alfredo Carlo Altamura

  2. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, IRCCS “E. Medea” Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy

    Paolo Brambilla

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Ciappolino, V., Orsenigo, G. (2019). Pseudodementia: A Case Report on the Connection Between Dementia and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders. In: Altamura, A., Brambilla, P. (eds) Clinical Cases in Psychiatry: Integrating Translational Neuroscience Approaches. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91557-9_6

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