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Wild Beans (Phaseolus L.) of North America

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North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2

Abstract

The wild relatives of the five domesticated species of bean (Phaseolus L.) are widely distributed across the tropics and subtropics of the New World, with taxa extending from the Canadian border to Argentina, and on the Caribbean Islands, Bermuda, and the Galapagos Islands. Mesoamerica holds the largest concentration of species, particularly in the highlands of central Mexico, northward along the Sierra Madre Occidental, and south to Chiapas. The progenitors and close relatives of all five domesticates are also concentrated in this region. Plant breeding involving the use of wild relatives has almost entirely been directed toward the improvement of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most widely cultivated species, and successful contributions have mostly come from its progenitor (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and a few other taxa. Wild relatives are considered to possess novel useful genetic variation that has not yet been fully explored. A number of wild Phaseolus are rare endemics that are threatened in their natural habitats and are insufficiently protected in situ. Significant ex situ collections of wild Phaseolus are maintained at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System, within the Sistema Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (SINAREFI) Conservation Centers Network in Mexico, and at the Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium. Unfortunately, over 26% of Phaseolus taxa are not represented at all in these ex situ conservation facilities, and another 29% are represented by less than ten accessions, making over half of the species highly underrepresented in genebanks. Further efforts to enhance the protection of vulnerable species in their natural habitats, and further collecting to fill critical gaps in germplasm collections, are warranted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, Delaware Valley University, Doylestown, PA, USA

    Sarah Dohle

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

    Jorge Carlos Berny Mier y Teran

  3. Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, Washington, DC, USA

    Ashley Egan

  4. USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman, WA, USA

    Theodore Kisha

  5. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Colin K. Khoury

  6. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia

    Colin K. Khoury

Authors
  1. Sarah Dohle
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  2. Jorge Carlos Berny Mier y Teran
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  3. Ashley Egan
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  4. Theodore Kisha
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  5. Colin K. Khoury
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Colin K. Khoury .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service Center for Agricultural Resources, Research, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Stephanie L. Greene

  2. USDA, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research, Center, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA

    Karen A. Williams

  3. USDA, Agricultural Research Service Center for Agricultural Resources, Research, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Colin K. Khoury

  4. Tropical Plant and Soil Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Michael B. Kantar

  5. Department of Agronomy/North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Laura F. Marek

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Dohle, S., Berny Mier y Teran, J.C., Egan, A., Kisha, T., Khoury, C.K. (2019). Wild Beans (Phaseolus L.) of North America. In: Greene, S., Williams, K., Khoury, C., Kantar, M., Marek, L. (eds) North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97121-6_4

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