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The Genus Desulfitobacterium

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Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria

Abstract

To date, 22 Desulfitobacterium strains have been isolated. From them a total of six distinct species have been proposed: D. hafniense, D. dehalogenans, D. chlororespirans, D. metallireducens, D. dichloroeliminans, and D. aromaticivorans. The isolated strains are strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, and grow in the neutral pH range. The cells are slightly curved rods ranging from 2 to 7 μm in length and 0.3 to 1 μm in width. Most of the Desulfitobacterium strains have been isolated as organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) and show versatile dehalogenation of both chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic compounds such as chloroethenes and chlorophenols. The Desulfitobacterium strains are phylogenetically classified into the phylum Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria). The closest related OHRB genus of Desulfitobacterium is Dehalobacter, the members of which are strict OHRB within the phylum Firmicutes (see Chap. 8). In contrast, the Desulfitobacterium strains isolated to date are not strict OHRB. In addition to the ability to respire with organohalides, most isolates can grow fermentatively on pyruvate and can utilize a variety of electron acceptors, including sulfite, thiosulfate, fumarate, Fe(III), and Mn(IV). Complete genome information is available for four Desulfitobacterium strains and draft information is available for five strains. The complete genomes range from 3.62 to 5.73 Mbp, with GC content ranging from 44.2 to 47.5 % and the number of predicted coding sequences ranging from 3340 to 5060. Consistent with their physiological diversity, the Desulfitobacterium genome has been shown to encode a variety of respiratory reductases, including reductive dehalogenases.

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Abbreviations

AQDS:

Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate

3-Cl-4-OHPA:

3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid

DCA:

Dichloroethane

DCP:

Dichlorophenol

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

OHRB:

Organohalide-respiring bacteria

PCE:

Tetrachloroethene

PCP:

Pentachlorophenol

RDase:

Reductive dehalogenase

TCE:

Trichloroethene

TCP:

Trichlorophenol

AQDS:

Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate

BP:

Bromophenol

bromoxynil:

3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile

CD:

Carbon dichloride

CF:

Chloroform

3-Cl-4-OHPA:

3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid

CP:

Chlorophenol

CT:

Carbon tetrachloride

Cysteate:

Alanine-3-sulfonate

DBP:

Dibromophenol

DCA:

Dichloroethane

DCHQ:

Dichlorohydroquinone

DCP:

Dichlorophenol

HCB:

Hexachlorobenzene

Ioxynil:

3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile

Isethionate:

2-hydroxyethanesulfonate

PCE:

Tetrachloroethene

PCE:

Tetrachloroethene

PCP:

Pentachlorophenol

TCA:

Trichloroethane

TCE:

Trichloroethene

TCHQ:

2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone

TCMP:

2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methoxyphenol

TCP:

Trichlorophenol

TeCP:

Tetrachlorophenol

VC:

Vinyl chloride

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Taiki Futagami

  2. Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Food and Bioscience, Beppu University, Kitaishigaki 82, Beppu, Oita, 874-8501, Japan

    Kensuke Furukawa

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  1. Taiki Futagami
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  2. Kensuke Furukawa
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Correspondence to Taiki Futagami .

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  1. Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environ. Research Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany

    Lorenz Adrian

  2. Department of Microbiology, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

    Frank E. Löffler

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Futagami, T., Furukawa, K. (2016). The Genus Desulfitobacterium . In: Adrian, L., Löffler, F. (eds) Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49875-0_9

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