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Regulating Synthesis of Cytochromes

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Cytochrome Complexes: Evolution, Structures, Energy Transduction, and Signaling

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 41))

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Summary

Detailed understanding of the regulation of cytochrome synthesis is an area that remains substantially undefined. Evidence to date suggests that the synthesis of cytochromes involves complex coordination of heme biosynthesis with expression of cytochrome apoproteins. Heme biosynthesis in turn is coordinated with the import of iron, as the presence of a coordinated iron in the heme tetrapyrrole is a key feature that allows heme to undertake redox reactions, redox sensing, and to carry diatomic gases such as O2, CO or NO. Some cytochrome oxidases also contain copper centers that are involved in shuttling electrons to and from heme groups. Since excess of iron and/or copper is toxic to cells, the proper import of these metals is also a significant consideration for the synthesis of some respiratory cytochromes. This review will cover both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms that affect the synthesis of heme, the expression of cytochrome apoproteins and homeostasis of iron and copper in photosynthetic organisms.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

δ−aminolevulinic acid

BChl:

Bacteriochlorophyll

cbb 3-Cox:

cbb 3 cytochrome oxidase

Chl:

Chlorophyll

Cys:

Cysteine

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

GluTR:

Glutamyl-tRNA reductase

PAS:

Per-Arnt-Sim

PBG:

Porphobilinogen

PPIX:

Protoporphyrin IX

PS:

Photosystem

Rb. :

Rhodobacter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Simon Hall MSB, 212 S Hawthorne Dr, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA

    Sébastien Zappa & Carl E. Bauer

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  1. Sébastien Zappa
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  2. Carl E. Bauer
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Correspondence to Carl E. Bauer .

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

    William A. Cramer

  2. Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA

    Toivo Kallas

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Zappa, S., Bauer, C.E. (2016). Regulating Synthesis of Cytochromes. In: Cramer, W., Kallas, T. (eds) Cytochrome Complexes: Evolution, Structures, Energy Transduction, and Signaling. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 41. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7481-9_25

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