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Echinoderms of the Mauritanian Deep-Sea Waters

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Deep-Sea Ecosystems Off Mauritania

Abstract

Echinoderms are the most important taxa of megabenthic invertebrates on the Mauritanian deep-sea floor, both in density and biomass . The phylum is represented by approximately 82 species, Ophiuroidea and Asteroidea being the most diverse classes (25 and 23 species, respectively), followed by Holothuroidea and Echinoidea (19 and 12 species, respectively). Crinoidea is poorly represented by only three species. Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) are, undoubtedly, the main component of deep Mauritanian echinoderms, accounting for 85.5% of numerical abundance and 96.0% of biomass. Species belonging to Echinothurioida are dominant among the sea urchins . The most common echinoderm species are Phormosoma placenta , Enypniastes eximia , Psilaster cassiope , Benthothuria funebris, Ophiernus alepidotus , Pseudarchaster gracilis gracilis and Ophiura flagellata . The Mauritanian echinoderm fauna are mostly composed of species with Atlantic distribution (80.5%) and a smaller group of wide distribution species (19.5%). Only three species, two sea stars and one ophiuroid, could be considered as endemic to Macaronesian African waters : Hymenaster roseus , Dyptaster mollis and Ophiothrix maculata . The bathymetric distribution of species and multivariate analysis clearly identify two main assemblages : the first groups the stations located on the deep shelf and upper slope (<400 m), and the second stations group located at greater depths along the continental slope .

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Acknowledgements

We are sincerely grateful to our colleague Luis Miguel Agudo, who produced the maps, and to our colleagues Marcos González, Mercedes Varela, Rai Blanco and Susana Soto, whose rigorous sampling work on-board Vizconde de Eza has made this publication possible. We would also like to thank reviewers, Dr Daniel Jones from the National Oceanography Centre of Southampton (Southampton, United Kingdom) and Dr Antonina Rogacheva from the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (Moscow, Russia), for their insightful comments and suggestions.

This work was undertaken within the framework of the EcoAfrik project and has been partially funded by the MAVA Fondation pour la Nature (MAVA contract 12/87 AO C4/2012). This is ECOAFRIK publication number 11.

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  1. Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    Belén Calero & Fran Ramil

  2. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52, 36390, Vigo, Spain

    Belén Calero & Ana Ramos

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  1. Belén Calero
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Correspondence to Belén Calero .

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  1. Instituto Español de Oceanografía , Vigo, Spain

    Ana Ramos

  2. Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain

    Fran Ramil

  3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía , Madrid, Spain

    José Luis Sanz

Annexe

Annexe

Annexe 12.1 Taxonomic list of echinoderms inhabiting the Mauritanian deep-shelf and continental slope and their main biological variables
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Calero, B., Ramil, F., Ramos, A. (2017). Echinoderms of the Mauritanian Deep-Sea Waters. In: Ramos, A., Ramil, F., Sanz, J. (eds) Deep-Sea Ecosystems Off Mauritania. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1023-5_12

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