GOITRE

• Diffuse enlargement of thyroid gland is called as goitre.

CLASSIFICATION-

I) According to WHO grading system-

• Grade 0 – no palpable/ visible goitre
• Grade 1 – Palpable goitre/ visible on neck extension
• Grade 2 – Goitre visible in normal neck position
• Grade 3 – Very large goitre 

II) According to epidemiology-

• Familial goitre
• Endemic goitre
• Sporadic goitre 

III) According to anatomy-

• Cervical
• Retrosternal
• Intrathoracic 

IV) According to pathology-

1. Simple (diffuse) goitre-

a) Diffuse hyperplastic goitre

• Physiological
• Pubertal
• Pregnancy

b) Multinodular goitre 

2. Toxic goitre-

• Diffuse (Grave’s disease)
• Multinodular (Plummer’s disease)
• Toxic adenoma 

3. Neoplastic goitre

• Benign
• Malignant 

4. Inflammatory

• Autoimmune (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)
• Granulomatous (de Quervain’s thyroiditis)
• Fibrosing (Riedel’s thyroiditis)
• Infective-

i) Acute- bacterial, viral

ii) Chronic- TB 

V) According to function-

1. Toxic goitre- hyperthyroidism
2. Non- toxic goitre- hypothyroidism and euthyroid

VI) According to morphology

1. Diffuse enlargement
2. Multinodular goitre
3. Solitary nodule

ETIOLOGY-

• Physiological factor- pubery, pregnancy
• Dietary factor- iodine deficiency goitre (endemic), Goitrogens
• Hereditary factor- Dyshormonogenesis
• Autoimmune disease
• Hormonal factors
• Environmental factors- hypothyroidism

PATHOLOGY

Exam Important

Don’t Forget to Solve all the previous Year Question asked on Goitre Classification & Pathology