Phacelia sivinskii (Sivinski's Scorpionweed)

Phacelia sivinskii (Sivinski's Scorpionweed)

Photograph by Robert Sivinski (2007)
Family
HYDROPHYLLACEAE
Scientific Name with Author

Phacelia sivinskii N.D. Atwood, P. Knight & T. Lowrey

Synonyms

NONE

Common Name
Sivinski's Scorpionweed
Rare Plant Conservation Scorecard Summary
Documented Threats Actions Needed

No Information

monitoring, seed banking


Description

Biennial, 20-37 cm tall; stems solitary to several, usually erect, leafy, densely covered with sessile to short-stalked, 3-celled, light-colored capitate glands with some short and longer simple nonglandular hairs; leaves 1-6 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, irregularly crenate-dentate, densely covered with short, light-colored, stipitate glands, petioles of basal leaves about 12 mm long, petioles of upper leaves short to none; inflorescences numerous, reddish, leafy-bracteate, in terminal cymes on main stem and shorter lateral branches, cymes to about 5.5 cm long in fruit; sepals elliptic to linear to narrowly oblanceolate, about 3.3 mm long; flowers tubular to tubular-campanulate, light violet, 4-5 mm long, lobes 1.5-2 mm long, puberulent; stamens exserted 5-6 mm, dark violet; style exserted, divided 3/5 of its length, hirsutulous basally; capsule 2.6-2.8 mm long, 1.8-2.1 mm wide, glandular and hispidulous; seeds oblong, black, 2.2-2.7 mm long, 1.1-1.3 mm wide, excavated ventrally, margins and ridge entire to corrugated, dorsal surface pitted and cross-corrugated. Flowers late July through September.

Similar Species

The combination of characteristics described above as well as its habitat make this species readily identifiable. It may be confused with the Phacelia integrifolia group of species including P. texana, which also occurs on gypsum, but in the southeastern part of the state. Phacelia texana is usually a large annual with long branches from the base. Phacelia sivinskii is a robust biennial with a strict, single stem. Short, floriferous branches on well-developed individuals extend from the base to the top of the plant.

Distribution

New Mexico, Cibola, Sandoval, Santa Fe, Socorro, and Valencia counties.

Habitat

Restricted to gypsum from the Upper Jurassic Todilto Formation of northwestern and north-central New Mexico (Cibola and Sandoval counties) and from the Permian Yeso Formation (Socorro and Valencia counties) in sparse juniper/desert scrub communities; 1,800-1,960 m (5,900-6,450 ft).

Remarks

Although Atwood and Welsh (2005) stated that Phacelia sivinskii is restricted to the Todilto Formation, which occurs only in northern New Mexico (north of about Albuquerque), collections from Socorro and Valencia counties, are from the Permian Yeso Formation (Weber and Kottlowski 1959). Small to extensive outcrops of gypsum of various ages occur in many places in New Mexico. 

Conservation Considerations

Significant impacts caused by feral horses in the Sierra Lucero area in Cibola County have been documented. Gypsum is mined from some of the states surface deposits. A large, active mine extracts the material from White Mesa (Todilto Formation) near San Ysidro where Phacelia sivinskii is relatively common.

Important Literature

*Atwood, N.D. and S.L. Welsh. 2005. New species of Mentzelia (Loasaceae) and Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) from New Mexico. Western North American Naturalist 65(3):365-370.

Roth, D. 2016. Status Survey for Gypsum Townsend's Aster (Townsendia gypsophila), Sivinski's Scorpionweed (Phacelia sivinskii), Todilto Stickleaf (Mentzelia todiltoensis), and Tufted Sand Verbena (Abronia bigelovii) on Zia Pueblo Lands in Sandoval County, New Mexico. Unpublished report prepared by EMNRD-Forestry Division, Santa Fe, NM for the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Region 2, Albuquerque, NM. 29 pp.

Roth, D., and R. Sivinski. 2015. Survey and status report for rare gypsophilic plants in the Ojito/White Mesa area of Sandoval County, New Mexico. Unpublished report prepared by the NM Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources Department, Forestry Division, for the BLM Rio Puerco Field Office, Albuquerque, NM.

Weber, R.H. and F.E. Kottlowski. 1959. Gypsum resources of New Mexico. Bulletin 68, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico.

Information Compiled By
David L. Bleakly 2007; updated 2021

For distribution maps and more information, visit Natural Heritage New Mexico