Spondylus regius Linnaeus, 1858
LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Sistema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata, [iii], 824 p. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae. [p. 690]
1758 Spondylus regius Linnaeus, 1758
1802 Pecten regius Bosc, 1802
1847 Spondylus cumingii G. B. Sowerby II, 1847
1802 Pecten regius Bosc, 1802
1847 Spondylus cumingii G. B. Sowerby II, 1847
Spondylus regius. Lamk.; J. G. Bruguière, J. B. Lamarck & J. B. Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1791-1827, Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature, plate 193, figure 1.
|
«regius. 128. S. testa inaurita spinosa.
Rumph. mus. 156. n. 8. Argenv. conch. t. 23. f. G. Habitat in India. Simillima praecedenti, sed major spinis & sulcis validioribus; forte insignis tantum varietas.» CAROLUS LINNAEUS, 1758
|
«1758 Spondylus regius LINNAEUS: 1136.
1816 LAMARCK: pl. 193, fig. 1 (figure only). 1819 Spondylus regius, – LAMARCK: 190, sp. n° 9. 1841 Spondylus regius, – DELESSERT: pl. 20 figs 1 & 2 (white var.). 1843–45 Spondylus regius, – CHENU: 4 (1845), pl. 7 figs 1–2 (December 7 1843). 1844 Spondylus regius, – CHENU: 31. 1938 Spondylus regius, – LAMY: 296. Type locality: “in India”.
Material in MHNG: Lamarck/Delessert collection: 2 specimens (no type status): MHNG 1089/16 (figured herein, Plate 24 Figs 113–115), white variety figured by DELESSERT 1841, pl. 20 fig. 2, and by CHENU, pl. 7 fig. 2; locality on the label: “Océan indien”; MHNG 1089/17 (figured herein, Plate 25 Figs 116–119), specimen originally from the Richard collection, figured by LAMARCK, Encyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 193 fig. 1, and by DELESSERT 1841, pl. 20 fig. 1, as well as by CHENU, pl. 7 fig. 1; locality on the label: “Océan indien”.
Remarks: In the original volumes of Anim. Sans Vert., Rosalie de LAMARCK made no handwritten annotation for S. regius LAMARCK, meaning that there was no material in her father’s personal collection. There is no type material in the collection of the MHNG, but the famous specimen bought by RICHARD (on which he sat down, breaking 1 or 2 spines, after his wife discovered that he sold her silver-ware to get the money to buy that shell ...) is in the MHNG collection. This specimen from the Richard cabinet was later included in the Lamarck/Delessert collection and is now registered MHNG 1089/17 (see DANCE, 1986: 98–99; also CAILLIEZ & FINET, 1997: 17). LAMARCK, in the Encyclopédie Méthodique on pl. 193 fig. 1, figured the specimen. But it was more faithfully figured with its broken spines by CHENU, pl. 7 fig. 1.
Current taxonomic position: valid species.»
FINET, Y. & K. L. LAMPRELL. 2008. The Spondylidae in the historical collections of the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Geneva, with revision of the species described by Lamarck and by Chenu, and notes on nomenclature (Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Spondylidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 137(1): 1-73, pls. 1-30. [p. 10, 11]
|
Spondylus regius Linnaeus 1758. MHNG, specimens from the Delessert collection; Y. Finet & K. L. Lamprell, 2008, The Spondylidae in the historical collections of the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Geneva, plate 24, figures 113-115; plate 25, figures 116-119.
|
«Description. - Shell ovate, gibbous, nearly equivalve. Sculpture of 6 principal ribs with strong, sparse, long spines,slightly curved. Interstices with six or seven well defined ribs with smaller, fine spines, the center rib bears slightly longer spines (in many specimens the interstitial areas between these ribs have fine hairlike spines). Colour red-brown, spines and principal ribs usually mauve or purple coloured. Internally blue-white, with a coloured crenulated margin. Area of attachment small. Habitat: among coral debris. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, Philippines to Japan.
Discussion. - Spondylus regius is not represented in the Linnean Collection in London. Few authors previously studied the specimens from the Museum Ludovicae Ulricae collection (Linnaeus, 1764) which is now stored in the Museum of Evolution, Uppsala, Sweden. For more information on this see Dijkstra, 1999, who designated types for the Pectinidae described by Linnaeus. This collection contained one specimen of S. regius, a syntype, as it is not clear that Linnaeus only had this one specimen before him. This specimen is clearly a typical specimen o f the species known as S. regius.
As shown in the synonymy, early authors have all accepted the specimen figured in the Chemnitz Conchylien-Cabinet as representing the Spondylus regius o f Linnaeus. S. regius is discussed by Dodge, 1952: 126-127: “The S. regius of Chemnitz (1780-1795, vol.7, pl. 46, fig. 471), which is cited as of Linnaeus, agrees with the ampler language o f the ‘Museum Ulricae’ and has usually been cited as the type figure. It would however, be difficult to identify S. regius Linnaeus with the S. regius of authors from the description in the ‘Systema’ alone” . Dodge further comments that the Chemnitz figure is not accurate in that the colour is shown in various shades of brown while the spines are much exaggerated. However, this specimen here examined and figured is in excellent condition and is accurately depicted by Chemnitz, both in colour and spilling.»
LAMPRELL, K. L. & H. DEKKER. 2001. Rectification of nomenclature and notes on species of Spondylus Linnaeus (Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Spondylidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Vita Marina, 47 (4): 131-137, fig. 1. [p. 136]
|
Spondylus regius Linnaeus, 1758; K. L. Lamprell & H. Dekker, 2001, Rectification of nomenclature and notes on species of Spondylus Linnaeus from the Indo-Pacific, plate 2, figures 1-3 (specimen figured by Chemnitz, 1784: fig. 471), 4 (holotype of Spondylus cumingi Sowerby, 1847, BMNH 1950.8.28.2, Java).
|
«1758, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 690, no. 128
1767, Systema naturae, ed. 12, p. 1136, no. 152. LOCALITY: "In India" (1758, 1767). "S. testa inaurita spinosa. ... Simillima praecedente, sed major spinis et sulcis validioribus; forte insignis tantum varietas." The only difference between the main description of this and the preceding species is that gaederopus is characterized as being "subaurita spinosa,'.' whereas regius is "inaurita spinosa." Linnaeus was moreover apparently not satisfied that the two species were in fact distinct. Not only did he remark in his subdescription that the two were alike except for the strength of the spines and sulcations in regius, but he called attention to the variability of the latter species, "Simillima praecedenti, sed major spinis et sulcis validioribus; forte insignis tantum varietas." Moreover, the figure G from plate 23 of Argenville, which was cited for regius in the tenth edition and in the "Museum Ulricae," was transferred to the synonymy of gaederopus in the twelfth, and then by a manuscript note for the "revised twelfth" was returned again to the synonymy of regius. The differences pointed out by Linnaeus are, however, specific. The ears in gaederopus are present, although not highly developed, and the spines are generally longer, although both species are extremely variable in this respect. As Hanley says (1855, p. 83), the final allocation of the Argenville figure to the synonymy of regius was undoubtedly due to the size of the shell shown in that figure and its highly developed spines.
The Spondylus regius of Chemnitz (1780- 1795, vol. 7, pl. 46, fig. 471), which is cited as of Linnaeus, agrees with the ampler language of the "Museum Ulricae" and has usually been cited as the type figure. It would, however, be difficult to identify regius Linn with the regius of authors from the description in the "Systema" alone. As said in the introduction to this genus, regius is not generally found attached, and consequently the shell shows a more regular and symmetrical growth, both valves having the same outline and similar sculpture. The species ranges from Japan to New Guinea. It is figured in Delessert (1841, pl. 20, fig. 1) and in Reeve (1843-1878, vol. 9, Spondylus, pl. 5, sp. 20). Reeve cites it as of Linnaeus, 1767. The Chemnitz figure mentioned above is undoubtedly regius, although the color is not accurate, being shown in variegated shades of brown, and the length of the spines seems much exaggerated.» DODGE, H. 1952. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part I. The classes Loricata and Pelecypods. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 100 (1): 1-263. [p. 126, 127]
|
Spondylus regius; B. Delessert, 1841, Recueil de coquilles décrites par Lamarck dans son Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres et non encore figurées, plate 20, figure 1.
Spondylus regius, Linnaeus; L. A. Reeve, 1856, Monograph of the genus Spondylus, Conchologia Iconica, plate 5, figure 20.
|