Code
DATIN
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
DATIN
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Brugmansia waymanni Paxt. |
| synonym | Datura guayaquilensis Kunth |
| synonym | Datura humilis Desf. |
| synonym | Datura inoxia Mill. |
| synonym | Datura laevis Schkuhr |
| synonym | Datura metel Moc. & Sessé ex Dun. |
| synonym | Datura meteloides DC. ex Dun. |
| synonym | Datura meteloides DC. ex Dunal |
| synonym | Datura wagmanni Steud. |
🗒 Common Names
| Afrikaans |
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| English |
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| French |
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| Malagasy |
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📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Datura inoxia is a big sub-lignified bushy species. Stems, branches and leaves are fully pubescent, with simple and glandular hairs and its leaves usually entire, rarely serrated. The branches are usually purple in color. The fruit is pendulous, pubescent and covered with soft spines.
General habit
Datura innoxia is a robust herbaceous plant with upright growth habit, little or shortly branched from 0.3 to 1.5 m high.
Underground system
The plant has a taproot system
Stem
The stem is cylindrical, robust, purple in color, with short, dense and purplish white hairs, (glabrous in others Datura or scattered hairs in D. stramonium).
Leaf
The leaves are simple, alternate, long-stalked. The Lamina is entire, broadly oval, 5 to 16 cm long and 4 to 9 cm wide. Wedged apex and truncate asymmetrical base, sinuous margin more or less serrated. Both sides are ash-green, finely pubescent.
Inflorescence
The flowers are solitary.
Flower
The big solitary flowers are tubular and erect. White corolla with green lines, 15 to 16 cm long, enlarged at the top with 10 small pointed lobes.
Fruit
The fruit is a hanging capsule beneath the curved peduncle (erected in D. stramonium), 4 to 5 cm in diameter, bristling with slender and long thorns, including 4 loculus. Each loculus contains a large number (up to 200 per fruit) of small black seeds, 3 to 6 mm in diameter.
Datura inoxia is a big sub-lignified bushy species. Stems, branches and leaves are fully pubescent, with simple and glandular hairs and its leaves usually entire, rarely serrated. The branches are usually purple in color. The fruit is pendulous, pubescent and covered with soft spines.
General habit
Datura innoxia is a robust herbaceous plant with upright growth habit, little or shortly branched from 0.3 to 1.5 m high.
Underground system
The plant has a taproot system
Stem
The stem is cylindrical, robust, purple in color, with short, dense and purplish white hairs, (glabrous in others Datura or scattered hairs in D. stramonium).
Leaf
The leaves are simple, alternate, long-stalked. The Lamina is entire, broadly oval, 5 to 16 cm long and 4 to 9 cm wide. Wedged apex and truncate asymmetrical base, sinuous margin more or less serrated. Both sides are ash-green, finely pubescent.
Inflorescence
The flowers are solitary.
Flower
The big solitary flowers are tubular and erect. White corolla with green lines, 15 to 16 cm long, enlarged at the top with 10 small pointed lobes.
Fruit
The fruit is a hanging capsule beneath the curved peduncle (erected in D. stramonium), 4 to 5 cm in diameter, bristling with slender and long thorns, including 4 loculus. Each loculus contains a large number (up to 200 per fruit) of small black seeds, 3 to 6 mm in diameter.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
Madagascar: The flowering and fruiting of D. innoxia occurs during the dry season.
New Caledonia: Datura innoxia may be multi-annual since it has a root system that survives the dry season and that emits new cauline buds in case of destruction by a tool. Germination takes place in the hot season, a few mm of rain are enough to bring out the numerous seedlings. Their growth can be very fast (up to 2 cm per day) and flowers can be observed in individuals from 2 to 5 weeks. Flowering and fruiting continue throughout the rainy season.
New Caledonia: Datura innoxia may be multi-annual since it has a root system that survives the dry season and that emits new cauline buds in case of destruction by a tool. Germination takes place in the hot season, a few mm of rain are enough to bring out the numerous seedlings. Their growth can be very fast (up to 2 cm per day) and flowers can be observed in individuals from 2 to 5 weeks. Flowering and fruiting continue throughout the rainy season.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Reproduction
Datura innoxia is an annual plant whose multiplication is ensured by its many seeds (up to 200 per fruit) with long dormancy (several decades). They are notably disseminated in agricultural seeds. It can be pluriannual thanks to a developed root system surviving in the dry season and which emits new stem buds in case of destruction by a tool.
dummy
| Attributions | dummy |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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Morphology
Growth form
Erected
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Simple
Type of prefoliation
Leaf ratio medium
Compound leaf type
Trifoliate leaf
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Round
Root type
Taproot
Hollow or solid stem
Solid stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
with petiole
Fruit type
Capsule
Cotyledon type
linear
sagittate
Lamina base
acute
asymmetric
cordate
Lamina margin
hairy
undulate
irregular
entire
Lamina apex
acute
Upperface pilosity
Dense hairy
Upperface hair type
Pubescent
Lowerface pilosity
Dense hairy
Simple leaf type
Lamina elliptic
Lamina section
flat
Lamina Veination
in arc
Flower color
White
Inflorescence type
Axillary solitary flower
Stem pilosity
Dense hairy
Stem hair type
Pubescent
Life form
Broadleaf plant
Look Alikes
Datura innoxia is a big bushy sub-lignified plant, similar in morphology and behavior to D. stramonium. D. innoxia is distinguished by its stems, twigs and entirely pubescent leaves with simple glandular hairs and its usually entire, rarely serrated leaves. The branches are usually purple in color. The fruit is pendulous, pubescent and covered with soft spines. While D. stramonium is a hairless plant with a green stem and a rather erected fruit, covered with hard conical spines.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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Ecology
Madagascar: Datura innoxia grows on alluvial soils, vertisols and rich ferruginous humus soil in sunny ground. It grows along roadside and in cultures, around dwellings, on fallow land. It is a weed of cultures in semi-arid area in maize, cassava, cotton and lima beans cultivations, semi-intensive, in the semi-arid zone of Madagascar, up to 500 m of altitude.
New Caledonia: It is found throughout the New Caledonia, especially at low altitude, in rich land, freshly tilled and on river banks.
New Caledonia: It is found throughout the New Caledonia, especially at low altitude, in rich land, freshly tilled and on river banks.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Description
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
Reunion Island
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Origin
Datura innoxia is a cosmopolitan species native to tropical areas of America.
Worldwide distribution
Datura innoxia occurs in most temperate to tropical zones, Central America and Caribbean, South America, Southern USA, North Africa, Southern Africa, Madagascar, the Mediterranean and Middle East, Pakistan, India, Australia.
Datura innoxia is a cosmopolitan species native to tropical areas of America.
Worldwide distribution
Datura innoxia occurs in most temperate to tropical zones, Central America and Caribbean, South America, Southern USA, North Africa, Southern Africa, Madagascar, the Mediterranean and Middle East, Pakistan, India, Australia.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Global harmfulness
Several species of Datura are major weeds of field crops, which constitute also of populations in over exploited pastures. Datura innoxia is a major weed of field crops, especially at low altitude, in the rich lands, and recently worked on the river banks.
Local harmfulness
South Africa: Datura innoxia is present all over South Africa, except in the provinces of Eastern Cape and Free State. It is a species declared as Category 1, prohibited because of its very aggressive growth. This weed infests the grains and its management is not easy.
Madagascar: Datura innoxia is a species relatively less frequent but locally abundant in the Southwest and southern of Madagascar. It produces a large amount of seeds that germinate massively and in stepped down way. It is particularly harmful to crops in the dry season (flood recession or irrigated crops) in the Southwest: lima beans, maize, cassava, vegetables.
New Caledonia: discovered for the first time in 1865, D. innoxia can be found everywhere in New Caledonia, especially at low altitude, in rich freshly tilled land, and on river banks.
Reunion: Datura innoxia develops mainly in ruderal. It is quite common in Gol region, but rarely abundant in sugar cane fields.
Several species of Datura are major weeds of field crops, which constitute also of populations in over exploited pastures. Datura innoxia is a major weed of field crops, especially at low altitude, in the rich lands, and recently worked on the river banks.
Local harmfulness
South Africa: Datura innoxia is present all over South Africa, except in the provinces of Eastern Cape and Free State. It is a species declared as Category 1, prohibited because of its very aggressive growth. This weed infests the grains and its management is not easy.
Madagascar: Datura innoxia is a species relatively less frequent but locally abundant in the Southwest and southern of Madagascar. It produces a large amount of seeds that germinate massively and in stepped down way. It is particularly harmful to crops in the dry season (flood recession or irrigated crops) in the Southwest: lima beans, maize, cassava, vegetables.
New Caledonia: discovered for the first time in 1865, D. innoxia can be found everywhere in New Caledonia, especially at low altitude, in rich freshly tilled land, and on river banks.
Reunion: Datura innoxia develops mainly in ruderal. It is quite common in Gol region, but rarely abundant in sugar cane fields.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Datura species are common famous toxic plants (and medicinal), dangerous to humans and animals to a certain degree. They can cause nausea and dermatitis on contact.
Medicinal: Datura innoxia is sometimes used in traditional medicine to treat certain disease such as asthma. It is used as medicinal plant to extract atropine for the pharmaceutical industry.
Ornamental: D. innoxia is sometimes used as ornamental plant.
Medicinal: Datura innoxia is sometimes used in traditional medicine to treat certain disease such as asthma. It is used as medicinal plant to extract atropine for the pharmaceutical industry.
Ornamental: D. innoxia is sometimes used as ornamental plant.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Management
Global control
Biological control: Datura innoxia is sensitive to certain insects introduced in Queensland (Lema trilineata) and have natural enemies in North America (the weevil Trichobaris bridwelli) that could be used as biological control agents.
Local control
Madagascar: 2-3 manual weeding are used to fight against Datura innoxia.
New Caledonia :
Mechanical control: It is desirable to get rid of small colonies of D. innoxia but manual eradication must be done cautiously because of the toxicity of this species.
Chemical control: For larger settlements, the destruction before germination can be done by a pre-emergence treatment (2,4-D). Adults are more resistant, thus a prior rotary cultivation is required followed by treatment on regrowth (2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr). The implementation of a new pasture with tillage of soil should be followed by monitoring of regrowth from root pieces.
Biological control: Datura innoxia is sensitive to certain insects introduced in Queensland (Lema trilineata) and have natural enemies in North America (the weevil Trichobaris bridwelli) that could be used as biological control agents.
Local control
Madagascar: 2-3 manual weeding are used to fight against Datura innoxia.
New Caledonia :
Mechanical control: It is desirable to get rid of small colonies of D. innoxia but manual eradication must be done cautiously because of the toxicity of this species.
Chemical control: For larger settlements, the destruction before germination can be done by a pre-emergence treatment (2,4-D). Adults are more resistant, thus a prior rotary cultivation is required followed by treatment on regrowth (2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr). The implementation of a new pasture with tillage of soil should be followed by monitoring of regrowth from root pieces.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
References
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=advenpac/especes/d/datin/datin_fr.html
- Blanfort, V., Desmoulins, F., Prosperi, J., Le Bourgeois, T., Guiglion, R., and Grard, P. (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.
- Bromilow, C. (2001), Problem plants of South Africa Published by Briza Publications CC.
- Le Bourgeois, T., P. Grard, L. C. Foxcroft, D. Thompson, A. Carrara, A. Guézou, R. W. Taylor and T. Marshall (2013). Pl@ntInvasive-Kruger V.1.0 : Alien plants of the Kruger National Park. Cdrom. Montpellier, France, Skukuza, South Africa, Cirad-SANparks-SAEON eds.
- Foxcroft, L.C., Henderson, L., Nichols, G.R., Martin, B.W. A revised list of alien plants for the Kruger National Park.Koedoe
- D’ARCY W.G. et RAKOTOZAFY 1994 – Flore de Madagascar et des Comores Famille 176 SOLANACEES M.N.H.N. p 21-22.
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/18004
Information Listing > References
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=advenpac/especes/d/datin/datin_fr.html
- Blanfort, V., Desmoulins, F., Prosperi, J., Le Bourgeois, T., Guiglion, R., and Grard, P. (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.
- Bromilow, C. (2001), Problem plants of South Africa Published by Briza Publications CC.
- Le Bourgeois, T., P. Grard, L. C. Foxcroft, D. Thompson, A. Carrara, A. Guézou, R. W. Taylor and T. Marshall (2013). Pl@ntInvasive-Kruger V.1.0 : Alien plants of the Kruger National Park. Cdrom. Montpellier, France, Skukuza, South Africa, Cirad-SANparks-SAEON eds.
- Foxcroft, L.C., Henderson, L., Nichols, G.R., Martin, B.W. A revised list of alien plants for the Kruger National Park.Koedoe
- D’ARCY W.G. et RAKOTOZAFY 1994 – Flore de Madagascar et des Comores Famille 176 SOLANACEES M.N.H.N. p 21-22.
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/18004
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Datura%2520innoxia
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Solanales |
| Family | Solanaceae |
| Genus | Datura |
| Species | Datura innoxia Mill. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
