Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius
synonym | Digitaria conjugata (P.J.Bergius) Schult. |
synonym | Panicum conjugatum (P.J.Bergius) Roxb. |
synonym | Paspalum africanum Poir. |
synonym | Paspalum bicrurum Salzm. ex Döll [Invalid] |
synonym | Paspalum bicrurum Salzm. ex Döll, pro syn. |
synonym | Paspalum ciliatum Lam. |
synonym | Paspalum conjugatum f. tristachyum Beetle |
synonym | Paspalum conjugatum var. conjugatum |
synonym | Paspalum conjugatum var. parviflorum Döll |
synonym | Paspalum conjugatum var. pubescens Döll |
synonym | Paspalum conjugatum var. tristachyum Vanderyst, nom. provis. |
synonym | Paspalum dolichopus Trin. ex Steud. [Invalid] |
synonym | Paspalum dolichopus Trin. ex Steud., nom. nud. |
synonym | Paspalum hirsutum Poir. |
synonym | Paspalum longissimum Hochst. ex Steud. |
synonym | Paspalum renggeri Steud. |
synonym | Paspalum sieberianum Steud. |
synonym | Paspalum tenue Gaertn. [Illegitimate] |
synonym | Paspalum tenue Gaertn., nom. superfl. |
Creoles and pidgins; French-based |
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Créole Maurice |
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Créole Seychelles |
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English |
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Malgache |
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Spanish; Castilian |
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Global description
Paspalum conjugatum is a vivacious herb with long runners, almost glabrous, turfting, with slender erect stems, 10 to 60 cm high. The leaves are narrowly lanceolate, tapered at the end, with compressed sheath, ciliated on the margin, with short membranous truncate ligule, slightly visible. The inflorescence is composed of a pair of thin racemes, opposite and forming a very open angle. The spikelets, are orbicular and flattened, have a fringed edge of long silky hairs. They are pale yellow in color and are applied against the rachi. They contain a suborbicular grain, a slightly more than 1 mm long.General habit
Vivacious grass, stoloniferous, turfting and measuring 20 cm to 60 cm high.
Underground system
The roots are fibrous. Stolons are up to 2 m long.
Culm
The culm of the grass is erect, slender and compressed at the base, glabrous except at the nodes which are sometimes ciliated.
Leaf
The leaves are simple alternate. The sheath is compressed and keeled, glabrous to ciliated margins. The membranous ligule is short and truncated. The lamina is linear to linear-lanceolate, with acute tip. It measures 4 to 20 cm long and 5 to 18 mm wide. It is flat, glabrous or barely pubescent, with scabrous and ciliated margin.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is composed of 2 slender racemes (sometimes 3), 4 to 20 cm long, opposite and almost spreading, sessile or one of them with a very short peduncle.
Spikelet
The spikelets are solitary, shortly pedicellate, applied against the rachi. They are elliptical ovoid to orbicular, compressed dorsoventrally, with margin fringed with long silky hairs. They measure 1.4 to 2.2 mm long and are pale yellow in color. The lower glume is absent, the upper glume of the size of the spikelet, membranous, ciliated on the 2 marginal veins. The lower flower is sterile, formed by a lemma similar to the upper glume, but glabrous. The upper flower is fertile, lemma finely crustaceous, very finely streaked. The palea is similar, encased on the sides by the edges of the lemma.
Grain
The grain is suborbicular, 1,2 mm in diameter.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Life cycle
Mayotte: Paspalum conjugatum flowers from October to May and fruits from November to June.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Growth form
Leaf arrangement
Leaf type
Grass-like leaf type
Type of prefoliation
Latex
Stem section
Root type
Ligule type
Hollow or solid stem
Stipule type
Leaf attachment type
Fruit type
Lamina base
Lamina margin
Lamina apex
Upperface pilosity
Upperface hair type
Lowerface pilosity
Simple leaf type
Lamina section
Lamina Veination
Flower color
Inflorescence type
Stem pilosity
Life form
Characters to distinguish several Paspalum species
Racemes | Raceme length |
Spikelet raws |
Spikelet size | Spikelet shape | Spikelet thickness |
Spikelet hairiness | Species |
2(3) | 1,5-7 cm | 2 | 2,6-4 mm | elliptical | flattened | glabrous | P. vaginatum |
2(3) | 1,5-9 cm | 2 | 2,5-3,5 mm | elliptical | flat/convex | barely cilited | P. distichum |
2 | 4-20 cm | 2 | 1,4-1,8 mm | suborbicular | flattened | long and silky hairs | P. conjugatum |
2-6 (15) | 2-8 cm | 2 | 1,3-3 mm | suborbicular | flat/convex | glabrous | P. scrobiculatum |
3-7 | 3-10 cm | 4 | 2,8-3,8 mm | ovale pointed | flat/convex | long and silky hairs | P. dilatatum |
6-25 | 7-14 cm | 4 | 2,2-2,7 mm | ovale lanceolate | flattened | long and silky hairs | P. urvillei |
8-50 | 4-12 cm | 4 | 1,2-1,5 mm | suborbicular | flat/convex | ciliate | P. paniculatum |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Paspalum conjugatum is a plant of open areas in forestry region, common along the edge of the slopes and drainage ditches, in fallow and marshy places.
Comoros: Common species.
Ivory Coast: Species mainly present in the forest zone and the coastal area but which is frequent in the area of Guinean savannas. It is common on forest edges, clearings, edges of tracks, drainage ditches, fallows.
French Guiana: Common species in orchards, especially in citrus orchards with permanent plant cover.
Madagascar: Species frequent in the whole area with warm and humid climate and rises in the Highlands up to 1200 m altitude. It is common along the roads, in forest edge, on loamy alluvium.
Mauritius: This species grows in very humid places on the island, at forest edges, roadsides and occasionally in the sugar cane fields.
Mayotte: Paspalum conjugatum is a fairly common cryptogenic species in freshwater, brackish and even salty wetlands, natural or secondarized. It is found in all wetlands.
Reunion: Species rare in Reunion.
Seychelles: Common species.
West Indies: Paspalum conjugatum is an indigenous species. It grows in areas with high rainfall or on moist soils. It is relatively shade tolerant.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habitat
Geographical distibution
Origin
Paspalum conjugatum is native to the old tropical world (Africa, India, South East Asia)
Worldwide distribution
Paspalum conjugatum is a pantropical species.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local harmfulness
Comoros: Paspalum conjugatum is a noxious weed.
Ivory Coast: It sometimes forms dense stands, almost monospecific.
French Guiana: Locally abundant weed in fruit crops.
Madagascar: Common weed in perennial crops (coffee, banana) where it forms dense carpets and ras, eliminating other species.
Mauritius: It can seriously compete with the crop when it is present and well established in the sugar cane plots.
Mayotte: Paspalum conjugatum is a common weed present in 9 % of cultivated plots. It is mainly present in fruit and pineapple crops. It is mainly present in the north of the island but it is also found in the center of the island.
Reunion: Species not found in cultivation.
Seychelles: Common but not harmful weed.
West Indies: Paspalum conjugatum is particularly invasive in vegetable and food crops. It can be selected and controlled through mechanical mowing practices. It maintains a dense vegetation cover tolerant to trampling and machine traffic. Some banana growers select it as a cover crop between the rows of banana trees. However, care must be taken to manage it properly to avoid any competition with the associated crop.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Fodder: Paspalum conjugatum is an excellent forage plant, very resistant to grazing and can produce hay of very good quality.
Medicinal: The cooked leaves are used in the treatment of heart diseases. The decoction is used as a compress to treat bruises.
Other: Paspalum conjugatum can have high concentrations of heavy metals and thus be used to clean up polluted industrial areas.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- Poilecot, P. 1995. Les Poaceae de Côte-d'Ivoire. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève, Genève, Suisse.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- https://www.feedipedia.org/node/407
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Huat, J., Nagy, M., Carpente, A., Schwartz, M., Le Bourgeois, T. & Marnotte, P. 2021. Guide de la flore spontanée des agrosystèmes de Mayotte. Montpellier, Cirad. 150 p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30011315-2
- Fournet, J. 2002. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Montpellier, France, Cirad, Gondwana éditions.
- Grossard, F., Le Bourgeois, T., Dumbardon-Martial, E. & Gervais, L. 2013. Adventilles - Guadeloupe & Martinique - Les adventices des Antilles françaises. Abymes, Guadeloupe, France, Les éditions du CTCS Guadeloupe. 195 p.
- Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M., Keay, R.W.J., Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of west tropical africa. The Whitefriars Press, London & Tonbridge, Great Britain.
- Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest. ADRAO/WARDA, Bouaké, Côte-d'Ivoire.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- Fournet, J. 2002. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Cirad, Gondwana éditions, Montpellier, France.
- Poilecot, P. 1995. Les Poaceae de Côte-d'Ivoire. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève, Genève, Suisse.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- https://www.feedipedia.org/node/407
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 687 p.
- Huat, J., Nagy, M., Carpente, A., Schwartz, M., Le Bourgeois, T. & Marnotte, P. 2021. Guide de la flore spontanée des agrosystèmes de Mayotte. Montpellier, Cirad. 150 p.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30011315-2
- Fournet, J. 2002. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Montpellier, France, Cirad, Gondwana éditions.
- Grossard, F., Le Bourgeois, T., Dumbardon-Martial, E. & Gervais, L. 2013. Adventilles - Guadeloupe & Martinique - Les adventices des Antilles françaises. Abymes, Guadeloupe, France, Les éditions du CTCS Guadeloupe. 195 p.
- Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M., Keay, R.W.J., Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of west tropical africa. The Whitefriars Press, London & Tonbridge, Great Britain.
- Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les adventices en riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest. ADRAO/WARDA, Bouaké, Côte-d'Ivoire.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- Fournet, J. 2002. Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Cirad, Gondwana éditions, Montpellier, France.
Etude floristique et phytoécologique des adventices des complexes sucriers de Ferké 1 et 2, de Borotou-Koro et de Zuenoula, en Côte d'Ivoire
Caractéristiques et facteurs biogéographiques de la répartition et de l’abondance des espèces adventices des systèmes herbagers de la Guyane Française
Images d'herbiers ReCOLNAT : https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Paspalum%2520conjugatum
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Liliopsida |
Order | Poales |
Family | Poaceae |
Genus | Paspalum |
Species | Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius |