Code
LIDAP
Growth form
Boradleaf
Biological cycle
Annual to vivacious
Habitat
Marshland
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce |
| synonym | Bonnaya bracteata Griff. |
| synonym | Bonnaya cyanea Griff. |
| synonym | Bonnaya grandiflora Spreng. |
| synonym | Bonnaya marginata Spreng. |
| synonym | Bonnaya pulegiifolia Spreng. |
| synonym | Bonnaya rothii A.Dietr. |
| synonym | Bonnaya roxburghiana A.Dietr. |
| synonym | Bonnaya verbenifolia Spreng. |
| synonym | Bonnaya veronicifolia (Retz.) Spreng. |
| synonym | Bonnaya veronicifolia var. angustifolia C.T.White & W.D.Francis |
| synonym | Cyrtandra capsularis Blanco |
| synonym | Cyrtandra glaberrima Blanco |
| synonym | Didymocarpus blancoi Hassk. |
| synonym | Didymocarpus grandiflorus (Retz.) A.Dietr. |
| synonym | Gratiola grandiflora Retz. |
| synonym | Gratiola marginata Colsm. |
| synonym | Gratiola pulegiifolia Vahl |
| synonym | Gratiola racemosa Roxb. |
| synonym | Gratiola roxburghiana Schult. |
| synonym | Gratiola verbenifolia Colsm. |
| synonym | Gratiola veronicifolia Retz. |
| synonym | Ilysanthes antipoda (L.) Merr. |
| synonym | Lindernia veronicifolia (Retz.) F. Muell. |
| synonym | Ruellia antipoda L. |
| synonym | Vandellia antipoda (L.) T. Yamaz. |
| synonym | Vandellia veronicifolia (Retz.) Haines |
🗒 Common Names
| Indonesian |
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| Malay |
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| Thai |
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📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Lindernia antipoda is a flowering plant with upright and prostrate growth. It is an annual plant that can reach 30 cm in height. It is also vivacious: these numerous ramifications allow it to multiply vegetatively by rooting at the nodes. The leaves are sinple and opposit, elliptic oblong narrow and finely toothed. The flowers are assembled in terminal recemes and carried by long peduncles. The flower is light purple, in tube opening in two flattened lips, the lower lip largely trilobed.
General habit
Small decumbent and creeping plant whose axes are upright at the ends, 15 to 20 cm high, up to 30 cm.
Underground system
The main root is a taproot, numerous adventitious fibrous roots at the nodes of the stem in contact with the ground.
Stem
The stem is round or channeled and glabrous. It is easily rooted at the nodes. It is first spread on the ground and then straightened at flowering.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, opposite and green in color. They are sessile or borne by a short, broad petiole. The leaves are glabrous. The blade is oblong, lanceolate or elliptical and 0.5-4 cm long and 0.2-1.5 cm wide. The apex is obtuse or sub-acute, the base is slightly decurrent corner. The margin of the lamina is finely and regularly toothed to acute teeth. Only one central rib is visible.
Inflorescence
The flowers are grouped into terminal racemes that can measure up to 15 cm and bear 2 to 20 flowers. Each flower being solitary in the axil of a tapered leafy bract.
Flower
The pedicel measures 10 to 15 mm. The calyx is 3 to 6 mm long. It consists of 5 sepals welded in tube at the base and separated almost to the base. They end in acute lobes with denticulate margin. The corolla is 10-12 mm long. It forms a 7 mm tube that opens into two flattened lips. It is light blue to mauve, light purple. The upper lip is entire or barely bilobed. The lower lip is largely trilobed. There are two linear fertile stamens and 2 staminodes.
Fruit
The fruit is a narrow cylindrical capsule 8 to 15 mm long, at least twice as long as the persistent calyx. It is glabrous and purple in color.
Seed
The seeds are ellipsoid, 0.5 mm long, reticulated and brown in color.
Thomas Le Bourgeois, Berton
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
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China : Lindernia antipoda flowers and fructifies from spring to autumn.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Cyclicity
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Lindernia antipoda is an annual species or vivacious depending on the humidity of the environment. It reproduces by seed and multiplies vegetatively by fragmentation of stems that root very easily.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Look Alikes
Lindernia antipoda can be confused with several other Lindernia species.
| Leaf | Nervs | Flower | Pedicel | Calyx | Fertile stamens | Fruit | Species |
| oval short petiolate |
pinnate | solitary in the axil | 5-15 mm | 3-5 mm lobed 1/3 |
4 | ovoid = L calyx | L. crustacea |
| oval short petiolate |
solitary in the axil | 1-3 mm | 6-10 mm lobed 1/2 |
4 | linear = L calyx | L. diffusa | |
| oval orbicular sessile |
solitary in the axil | 8-10 mm | 1,5-3mm lobed 3/4 |
2 | ovoid = L calyx | L. microcalyx | |
| orbicular sessile |
solitary in the axil | + long que feuille | 2-3 mm lobed 3/4 |
2 | ovoïd = L calyx | L. rotundifolia | |
| oblong elliptical decurent long petiolate |
pinnate | terminal multiflor raceme | 10-15 mm | 3-6 mm lobed 3/4 | 2 | cylindrical > L calyx | L. antipoda |
| oval orbicular short petiolate |
parallel | small umbel, terminal or axillary | 1 sessile others 20 mm |
2-3 mm lobed 1/2 - 2/3 |
4 | ellipsoid = L calyx | L. nummularifolia |
| lanceolate sub-sessile |
pinnate | long terminal raceme up to 10 flowers |
slender 7-25 mm |
lobed 1/4 | ellipsoid < L calyx | L. oblonga |
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Ecology
China: Lindernia antipoda grows in rice plots and wet pastures up to 1700 m altitude.
French Guiana: Common species on moist loam soils or temporarily flooded and compacted. It becomes more and more common in vegetable plots in the passages between the bumps.
Mauritius: Present forming tufts in shallow water marshlands.
Mayotte: Absent.
Reunion: Absent.
Thomas Le Bourgeois, Berton
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
Description
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Origin
Lindernia antipoda is native to Asia.
Worldwide distribution
It is now widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas around the world (America, Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Australia, Pacific). It is present in Mauritius.
Thomas Le Bourgeois, Berton
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
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Local harmfulness
French Guiana: Lindernia antipoda becomes a weedy concern in vegetable crops in wet plots with temporary flooding. In a few years, this species has colonized border areas of plots on soils both packed and wet prticularly in the area of Cacao. It is particularly fond of ditches located between the mounds of culture (or drainage channels) and it can completely cover the ground: L. antipoda has a tendency to go up on the mound of culture during cultivation period. It can form a fairly dense monospecific carpet over several m² along these channels. This species seems tolerant to herbicide treatments based on glyphosate. Repeated treatments with this active ingredient seem to favor its development by elimination of other species.
Thomas Le Bourgeois, Berton
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Medicinal: In Malaysia, the root of Lindernia antipoda with the addition of an astringent is used to cure diarrhea. A decoction of roots and leaves is used as a dewormer. In Indonesia, the plant is part of a drug against vertigo. In Taiwan, the whole plant is considered an emmenagogue.
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Management
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Local control
French Guiana: Infestations of Lindernia antipoda in vegetable crops require regular hoeing, however on wet soils, its ability to root easily at the nodes allows it to redevelop easily after hoeing. It seems tolerant to glyphosate herbicides. It is therefore recommended not to use these types of herbicide for weeding. Steaming would be a good way to control this species.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
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Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
References
- https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sparrow%20Lindernia.html
- https://www.prota4u.org/prosea/view.aspx?id=1172
- https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/225963
- Bosser, J., et al. (Mult. an.). Flore des Mascareignes. La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues, MSIRI, IRD, Kew.
- Le Bourgeois, T. (2018). Analyse des enherbements des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane, 23 septembre - 5 octobre 2018. Montpellier, France, Cirad: 56. https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/153
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
Uses and Management > Management
- https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/153
Information Listing > References
- https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sparrow%20Lindernia.html
- https://www.prota4u.org/prosea/view.aspx?id=1172
- https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/225963
- Bosser, J., et al. (Mult. an.). Flore des Mascareignes. La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues, MSIRI, IRD, Kew.
- Le Bourgeois, T. (2018). Analyse des enherbements des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane, 23 septembre - 5 octobre 2018. Montpellier, France, Cirad: 56. https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/153
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
Images
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Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Lindernia%2520antipoda
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Lamiales |
| Family | Linderniaceae |
| Genus | Lindernia |
| Species | Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
