Code
HEOEU
Growth form
Broadleaf
Biological cycle
Annual
Habitat
terrestrial
Heliotropium europaeum L.
synonym | Heliotropium album St.-Lag. |
synonym | Heliotropium canescens Moench |
synonym | Heliotropium carduchorum C.Koch |
synonym | Heliotropium commutatum Roem. & Schult. |
synonym | Heliotropium dioscoridis Bub. |
synonym | Heliotropium erectum Lam. |
synonym | Heliotropium europaeum subsp. tenuiflorum (Guss.) Nyman |
synonym | Heliotropium europaeum var. tenuiflorum Guss. |
synonym | Heliotropium glandulosum R.Br. |
synonym | Heliotropium gymnocarpum Borb. |
synonym | Heliotropium humile Salisb. |
synonym | Heliotropium lacunarium F.Muell. |
synonym | Heliotropium majus Garsault |
synonym | Heliotropium oblongifolium Hornem. |
synonym | Heliotropium pycnanthum P.Candargy |
synonym | Heliotropium stevenianum Andrz. |
synonym | Heliotropium subcanescens Stev. |
synonym | Heliotropium supinum Pall. ex Georgi |
synonym | Heliotropium tenuiflorum (Guss.) Guss. |
synonym | Heliotropium vulgare Gaterau |
Chinese |
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English |
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French |
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Italian |
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Portuguese |
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Spanish; Castilian |
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Seedling
Cotyledons oval with rounded tips, 4-8 x 3-4 mm, petiolate, pubescent. Primordial leaves rosette-shaped, ovate-lanceolate with clearly visible veins, petiolate, pubescent-greyish. The hypocotyle axis is short and whitish. The seedling is greyish green.
Adult plant
Heliotropium europaeum is an annual plant with an upright or diffuse habit and greyish-green hairs. The stem is greyish-pubescent and very branched, up to 60 cm long. Leaves softly pubescent on both sides, all petiolate, ovate to elliptic, obtuse, with entire margin and converging veins. Inflorescences are arranged in pairs in dense, unilateral scorpioid cymes, which grow up to 20 cm long after flowering. White flowers with yellow throat, small, about 4 mm long. Fruit in the form of an ovoid, warty, greenish or blackish tetrakene, with a pubescent and sometimes glandular dorsal surface, 2 x 1.5 mm.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Life cycle
Algeria: Heliotropium europaeum germinates in late spring and summer, flowering from May to October.
China: Heliotropium europaeum flowers and fruits from July to September.
Morocco: Heliotropium europaeum flowers and fruits from February to April and after the autumn rains in October and November.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Heliotropium europaeum reproduces by seed.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Growth form
Leaf arrangement
Leaf type
Latex
Stem section
Root type
Hollow or solid stem
Stipule type
Leaf attachment type
Fruit type
Achene type
Cotyledon type
Lamina base
Lamina margin
Lamina apex
Upperface pilosity
Upperface hair type
Lowerface pilosity
Lowerface hair type
Simple leaf type
Lamina section
Lamina Veination
Flower color
Inflorescence type
Stem pilosity
Stem hair type
Life form
Heliotropium europaeum is a C3 species.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Algeria: Heliotropium europaeum is a thermophilic species, uncommon in annual crops (spring and summer weeds) and perennial crops in the north of the country. It prefers sandy to sandy-loam soils that are fairly rich in nitrogen, where summer vegetation is abundant and requires additional cultivation.
Morocco: Heliotropium europaeum is a very common species. It is a ruderal and a nitrophile that thrives in pastures, wasteland and crops at altitudes of 0 to 2000 m.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habitat
Origin
Heliotropium europaeum is native to the Mediterranean-Macaronesian-Irano-Turanian region, as far as south India.
Worldwide distribution
Introduced in South Africa, Eritrea, Ethiopia, northern China, southern Australia and a few states in the southern USA.
Algeria: Common throughout the Tell.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Algeria: Heliotropium europaeum is a minor "weed". Infrequent and not very abundant, it is not generally a problem for crops. It is most harmful in catch crops (chickpeas, lentils) where it can be relatively abundant.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- Kazi Tani C., Grard P. & Le Bourgeois T., 2021. "AdvenAlg 1.0 Identification et connaissance des principales adventices d'Algérie méditerranéenne." Al Yasmina, Revue de Botanique 2(3): 1-187.
- Flora Maroccana (Dobignard A.) https://www.floramaroccana.fr/h.-europaeum.html
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:116833-1
- EPPO https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HEOEU
- Flora of China http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019032
- The World Flora Online https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000718566
- Kazi Tani C., Grard P. & Le Bourgeois T., 2021. "AdvenAlg 1.0 Identification et connaissance des principales adventices d'Algérie méditerranéenne." Al Yasmina, Revue de Botanique 2(3): 1-187.
- Flora Maroccana (Dobignard A.) https://www.floramaroccana.fr/h.-europaeum.html
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:116833-1
- EPPO https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HEOEU
- Flora of China http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019032
- The World Flora Online https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000718566
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Heliotropium%2520europaeum
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Boraginales |
Family | Boraginaceae |
Genus | Heliotropium |
Species | Heliotropium europaeum L. |