Code
CRGOL
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
CRGOL
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
Terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Corchorus catharticus Blanco |
| synonym | Corchorus decemangularis Roxb. |
| synonym | Corchorus decemangularis Roxb. ex G. Don |
| synonym | Corchorus decemangularis Roxb. ex G.Don |
| synonym | Corchorus longicarpus G.Don |
| synonym | Corchorus malchairii De Wild. |
| synonym | Corchorus olitorius f. grandifolius De Wild. |
| synonym | Corchorus olitorius var. australiensis Domin |
| synonym | Corchorus olitorius var. incisifolius Asch. & Schweinf. |
| synonym | Corchorus olitorius var. incisifolius Aschers. & Schweinf. |
| synonym | Corchorus olitorius var. malchairii (De Wild.) R. Wilczek |
| synonym | Corchorus quinquelocularis Moench |
🗒 Common Names
| Fon |
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| French |
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| Mossi |
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📚 Overview
Description
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are orbicular to oval. They are held by a petiole 5 mm long. The leaf blade is 5 mm long and 4 mm wide. The top and the base of the blade are rounded. The leaf blade is marked with 3-veined from the base.
First leaves
.
The first leaves are simple and alternate. They are stalked and framed by linear stipules. The lamina is elliptic lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm long and 6 to 10 mm wide. It is marked with 5 to 7 pairs of secondary veins. The margin is dentate. The first tine on each side of the base of the blade, is bent backward and extended by a filament. The stem and leaves are glabrous.
General habit
Erected, fairly branched, especially at the base. It measures up to 1.50 m high.
Underground system
The root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is cylindrical and full. It is robust and glabrous, sometimes sub-woody at the base.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are held by a long stalk of 5 to 15 mm. The stalk is finely pubescent, framed at the base by two linear stipules, 4 to 7 mm long and quickly deciduous. The lamina is lanceolate, wedged at the top and the base wide or truncated. It is 6 to 10 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide. The margin is dentated. The first tine at the base of the blade, is bent backward and extended by a filament which may measure 10 mm long and is purple in color. The leaf blade is three-veined at the base and is marked by many pairs of secondary veins. Both sides are glabrous. The leaves are bright green.
Inflorescence
The flowers are solitary, opposite to the petioles.
Flower
The flowers are held by a short stalk of 1 mm. The calyx consists of 5 free sepals, linear in shape, with a long attenuated summit. They are 5 mm long. The corolla consists of five free petals, rounded at the top and narrow at the base, 5 mm long. The corolla is yellow. The stamens are numerous. The ovary is oblong, topped with a short style.
Fruit
The fruit is a dehiscent capsule, fusiform, pentagonal cross section and with 5 valves. The capsules are striated longitudinally. They measure 2 to 8 cm in length and have, at the top, a thick and long spout 5 to 10 mm. The outer wall is smooth. Each capsule contains a large number of seeds.
Seed
Seeds are of pyramidal shape. They are 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. The seed coat is smooth and dark brown.
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Global description
Corchorus olitoriusis an erect plant, being able to reach 1.5 m of height, with simple, alternate, stalked and stipulate leaves. The leaf lanceolate blade has dentated margin and is characterized by first two teeth prolonged by a strand. The first tine at the base is curved backwards and is elongated by a filament. The flowers are solitary, opposite to the petioles. They are large, yellow in colour, with free sepals and petals, with numerous stamens. The fruit is a fusiform capsule, opening in 5 valves and contaiing numerous seeds.Cotyledons
The cotyledons are orbicular to oval. They are held by a petiole 5 mm long. The leaf blade is 5 mm long and 4 mm wide. The top and the base of the blade are rounded. The leaf blade is marked with 3-veined from the base.
First leaves
.
The first leaves are simple and alternate. They are stalked and framed by linear stipules. The lamina is elliptic lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm long and 6 to 10 mm wide. It is marked with 5 to 7 pairs of secondary veins. The margin is dentate. The first tine on each side of the base of the blade, is bent backward and extended by a filament. The stem and leaves are glabrous.
General habit
Erected, fairly branched, especially at the base. It measures up to 1.50 m high.
Underground system
The root is a taproot.
Stem
The stem is cylindrical and full. It is robust and glabrous, sometimes sub-woody at the base.
Leaf
The leaves are simple and alternate. They are held by a long stalk of 5 to 15 mm. The stalk is finely pubescent, framed at the base by two linear stipules, 4 to 7 mm long and quickly deciduous. The lamina is lanceolate, wedged at the top and the base wide or truncated. It is 6 to 10 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide. The margin is dentated. The first tine at the base of the blade, is bent backward and extended by a filament which may measure 10 mm long and is purple in color. The leaf blade is three-veined at the base and is marked by many pairs of secondary veins. Both sides are glabrous. The leaves are bright green.
Inflorescence
The flowers are solitary, opposite to the petioles.
Flower
The flowers are held by a short stalk of 1 mm. The calyx consists of 5 free sepals, linear in shape, with a long attenuated summit. They are 5 mm long. The corolla consists of five free petals, rounded at the top and narrow at the base, 5 mm long. The corolla is yellow. The stamens are numerous. The ovary is oblong, topped with a short style.
Fruit
The fruit is a dehiscent capsule, fusiform, pentagonal cross section and with 5 valves. The capsules are striated longitudinally. They measure 2 to 8 cm in length and have, at the top, a thick and long spout 5 to 10 mm. The outer wall is smooth. Each capsule contains a large number of seeds.
Seed
Seeds are of pyramidal shape. They are 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. The seed coat is smooth and dark brown.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
Cyclicity
Northern Cameroon: C. olitorius may be present throughout the crop cycle in high rainfall areas. In drier regions with late rainfall, it grows mainly in the middle and end of the crop cycle. In Sudano-Sahelian region, germination begins in May, regardless of tillage. This germination phase lasts 2 to 3 weeks. All tillage is followed by new short periods of seedling emergence until August. Whatever the germination period, flowering starts late August-early September, with the reduction of photoperiod. Fruiting occurs very quickly after flowering for individuals from early germination; However, it is generally delayed in early October for individuals from late germination and still underdeveloped.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Reproduction
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C. olitorius is an annual plant; it multiplies only by seeds.
dummy
| Attributions | dummy |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
Morphology
Growth form
Erected
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Simple
Type of prefoliation
Leaf ratio medium
Narrow leaf
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Round
Root type
Taproot
Hollow or solid stem
Solid stem
Stipule type
Lanceolate stipule
Leaf attachment type
with petiole
Fruit type
Siliqua one tiped
Cotyledon type
cordate
orbicular
Lamina base
auriculate
Lamina margin
largely dentate
denticulate
Lamina apex
acute
acuminate
Upperface pilosity
Glabrous
Lowerface pilosity
Glabrous
Simple leaf type
Lamina elliptic
Lamina section
flat
Lamina Veination
3 opposite at the basis
pennate
Flower color
Yellow
Inflorescence type
Axillary solitary flower
Raceme with alternate sessile flowers
Stem pilosity
Glabrous
Life form
Broadleaf plant
Look Alikes
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| fruit with winged longitudinal ribs | C. aestuans | |||
| Fruit without ribs | Short Capsule (15 mm) | C. fascicularis | ||
| Long Capsule (30 mm) | Capsules ending with 3 tines | C. tridens | ||
| Capsule ending in a curve-like structure | capsule with 3 loculus | C. trilocularis | ||
| capsule with 5 loculus | C. olitorius | |||
| No filament at the base of the leaf | C. fascicularis | ||
| Filaments at the base of the leaf (auricles) | Large oval leaves | Bright green foliage | C. aestuans |
| Dark green foliage | C. olitorius | ||
| Lance-shaped leaves | Young stems densely hairy | C. trilocularis | |
| Young stems hairless |
C. tridens |
||
C. olitorius can be confused in the vegetative stage, with C. tridens L. whose leaves are narrower. In fruit capsules C. tridens are grouped in bundles, narrow and topped with a short beak of 3 tines.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Ecology
C. olitorius spread out in all tropical regions. It seems not to has any particular preferences of soils, as long as humidity is sufficient. It develops preferment on well structured soils with good fertility, of which the rates of clay and silt sound important. On the other hand it is rare on degraded soils with a sandy superficial horizon and with weak fertility. This plant may be only 30cm tall, quick maturing, and quite branched. It is frequent in the traditional cultures where cultural activities are realized manually because, being very appreciated for the human supply, it is more or less respected during hoeing and cultivated sometimes around villages.
North Cameroon: C. olitorius shows no preference for a particular soil as long as the soil moisture is sufficient. It preferentially grows on well-structured soils and with good fertility, where the rate of clay and silt are important. It is especially common on alluvial soils, vertisols and fersialitic soils. However, it is rare on degraded soils with sandy surface horizon and low fertility, such as ferruginous degraded soils. This species is never abundant.
Comoros: Common species.
Madagascar: Weed slightly common that is found in the alluvial plains of Northwest and West of the island.
Mauritius: Species very rare on the island.
Reunion: This species presents no particular preference as soil moisture is sufficient.
North Cameroon: C. olitorius shows no preference for a particular soil as long as the soil moisture is sufficient. It preferentially grows on well-structured soils and with good fertility, where the rate of clay and silt are important. It is especially common on alluvial soils, vertisols and fersialitic soils. However, it is rare on degraded soils with sandy surface horizon and low fertility, such as ferruginous degraded soils. This species is never abundant.
Comoros: Common species.
Madagascar: Weed slightly common that is found in the alluvial plains of Northwest and West of the island.
Mauritius: Species very rare on the island.
Reunion: This species presents no particular preference as soil moisture is sufficient.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Description
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
Reunion Island
Comoros
Mauritius
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World Distribution
C. olitorius is widespread in the tropics.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local weediness
India: it is a weed in upland and transplanted rice, maize, soybeans, sorghum and peanuts. In Bangladesh and India it is also present in sugarcane fields.
Northern Cameroon: C. olitorius is a regional weed, related to the nature of the soil and present in 15-25% of cultivated plots. This species is never abundant. It is uncommon in intensive crops, regularly using pre-emergence herbicides and mechanical weeding. It is common in traditional cultures where cultural operations are performed manually because, being very appreciated for human consumption, it is more or less respected during hoeing. It is sometimes cultivated in concessions or around the villages.
Comoros: A common weed in rainfed cultures receiving manure.
Madagascar: A weed that can be harmful in some cultures.
Mauritius: This species is not present in cultivations.
Reunion: This species is not present in cultivations
India: it is a weed in upland and transplanted rice, maize, soybeans, sorghum and peanuts. In Bangladesh and India it is also present in sugarcane fields.
Northern Cameroon: C. olitorius is a regional weed, related to the nature of the soil and present in 15-25% of cultivated plots. This species is never abundant. It is uncommon in intensive crops, regularly using pre-emergence herbicides and mechanical weeding. It is common in traditional cultures where cultural operations are performed manually because, being very appreciated for human consumption, it is more or less respected during hoeing. It is sometimes cultivated in concessions or around the villages.
Comoros: A common weed in rainfed cultures receiving manure.
Madagascar: A weed that can be harmful in some cultures.
Mauritius: This species is not present in cultivations.
Reunion: This species is not present in cultivations
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Uses
Food: C. olitorius is sometimes cultivated in concessions or around the villages. Used as a food plant.
Benin: C. olitorius is considered as a vegetable under the name ‘Crin-crin’. The cultivated form is morphologically different from the wild form, like the leaves that are more cut. The leaves are used to make a sticky sauce.
Madagascar: The leaves can be eaten but the seeds are toxic.
Medicinal: Used in pharmacopoeia as antibiotic and antiviral.
Food: C. olitorius is sometimes cultivated in concessions or around the villages. Used as a food plant.
Benin: C. olitorius is considered as a vegetable under the name ‘Crin-crin’. The cultivated form is morphologically different from the wild form, like the leaves that are more cut. The leaves are used to make a sticky sauce.
Madagascar: The leaves can be eaten but the seeds are toxic.
Medicinal: Used in pharmacopoeia as antibiotic and antiviral.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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Management
Global Management
Global Management
Chemical control: Post-emergence application of 2,4-D at 500 g/ha.
Directions for Management of Annual Broad Leaves Weeds: http://portal.wikwio.org/document/show/19
Local Management
Madagascar : C. olitorius is slightly invasive , generally little harmful. Tillage trigger seed germination. C. olitorus is easily controlled by 2,4-D.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Braun M., Burgstaller H., Hamdoun A. M. & Walter H., 1991. Common weeds of Central Sudan. GTZ, Verlag Josef Margraf ed. Scientific Book, Weikersheim, Germany, 329 p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. I part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 828 p.
- Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255 p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241 p.
- Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490 p.
- Husson, O., H. Charpentier, F.-X. Chabaud, K. Naudin, Rakotondramanana et L. Séguy (2010). Flore des jachères et adventices des cultures. Annexe 1 : les principales plantes de jachères et adventices des cultures à Madagascar. In : Manuel pratique du semis direct à Madagascar. Annexe 1 - Antananarivo : GSDM/CIRAD, 2010 : 64 p.
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=adventoi/especes/c/crgol/crgol_fr.html
- - Holm L., Doll J., Holm E., Pancho J., Herberger J. 1997. World weeds. Natural Histories and Distribution. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
- - Grard P., Le Bourgeois T., Merlier H. 1996. Adventrop - Doc V.1.1. Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. CD-Rom, Cirad-Ca. Montpellier, France.
- - Merlier H., Montégut J. 1982. Adventices Tropicales. Flore aux stades plantule et adulte de 123 espèces africaines ou pantropicales. Orstom, Cirad-Gerdat, Ensh. Montpellier, France.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485 p.
- dummy
Information Listing > References
- Braun M., Burgstaller H., Hamdoun A. M. & Walter H., 1991. Common weeds of Central Sudan. GTZ, Verlag Josef Margraf ed. Scientific Book, Weikersheim, Germany, 329 p.
- Hutchinson J., Dalziel J. M., Keay R. W. J. & Hepper F. N., 1958. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. I part. 2. 2ème éd. The Whitefriars Press ed., London & Tonbridge, 828 p.
- Ivens G. W., Moody K. & Egunjobi J. K., 1978. West African Weeds. Oxford University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 255 p.
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- Grard, P., T. Le Bourgeois, J. Rodenburg, P. Marnotte, A. Carrara, R. Irakiza, D. Makokha, G. kyalo, K. Aloys, K. Iswaria, N. Nguyen and G. Tzelepoglou (2012). AFROweeds V.1.0: African weeds of rice. Cédérom. Montpellier, France & Cotonou, Bénin, Cirad-AfricaRice eds.
- Le Bourgeois Th., 1993. Les mauvaises herbes dans la rotation cotonnière au Nord-Cameroun (Afrique) - Amplitude d'habitat et degré d'infestation - Cycle de développement. Thèse USTL Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, 241 p.
- Merlier H. & Montégut J., 1982. Adventices tropicales. ORSTOM-GERDAT-ENSH éd., Montpellier, France, 490 p.
- Husson, O., H. Charpentier, F.-X. Chabaud, K. Naudin, Rakotondramanana et L. Séguy (2010). Flore des jachères et adventices des cultures. Annexe 1 : les principales plantes de jachères et adventices des cultures à Madagascar. In : Manuel pratique du semis direct à Madagascar. Annexe 1 - Antananarivo : GSDM/CIRAD, 2010 : 64 p.
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=adventoi/especes/c/crgol/crgol_fr.html
- - Holm L., Doll J., Holm E., Pancho J., Herberger J. 1997. World weeds. Natural Histories and Distribution. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
- - Grard P., Le Bourgeois T., Merlier H. 1996. Adventrop - Doc V.1.1. Les adventices d'Afrique soudano-sahélienne. CD-Rom, Cirad-Ca. Montpellier, France.
- - Merlier H., Montégut J. 1982. Adventices Tropicales. Flore aux stades plantule et adulte de 123 espèces africaines ou pantropicales. Orstom, Cirad-Gerdat, Ensh. Montpellier, France.
- Berhaut J., 1967. Flore du Sénégal. 2ème éd. Clairafrique éd., Dakar, Sénégal, 485 p.
- dummy
Etude floristique et phytoécologique des adventices des complexes sucriers de Ferké 1 et 2, de Borotou-Koro et de Zuenoula, en Côte d'Ivoire
TL
Thomas Le BourgeoisImages
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=corchorus%2520olitorius
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Malvales |
| Family | Malvaceae |
| Genus | Corchorus |
| Species | Corchorus olitorius L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
