Poaceae
Paspalum

Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius

First published in Acta Helv. Phys.-Math. 7: 129 (1772)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is a rhizomatous geophyte and grows primarily in the wet tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food and a medicine and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Central American Pac, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Galápagos, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago, Utah, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Angola, Ascension, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., East Himalaya, Easter Is., Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, Hawaii, India, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kermadec Is., Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mauritius, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand North, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Niue, Ogasawara-shoto, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Zaïre

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & Renvoize, S.A. (2018). Flore des Mascareignes 203: 1-276. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D. (1989). Flora Zambesiaca 10(3): 1-231. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
  • Ndabaneze, P. (1989). Catalogue des Graminées du Burundi. Lejeunia; Revue de Botanique, n.s., 132: 1-127.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
  • Press, J.R. et al. (2000). Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal: i-x, 1-430. Natural History Museum, London.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga. Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1988). Flora du Rwanda 4: I-X, 1-651. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
  • Turner, I.M., Middleton, D.J., Duistermaat, H. & Veldkamp, J.F. (2019). Flora of Singapore precursors, 6: Typification of grass names relevant to the flora of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 71: 1-44.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  • Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. & Pensiero, J.F. (2014). Gramineae VI. Flora del Paraguay 45: 1-392. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Genève.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Chev. Bot. 722
  • F.T.A. 9: 569
  • in Act. Helv. Phys. Math. 7: 129, t. 8 (1772)
  • in Rev. Bot. Appliq. 13: 889.

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Kew Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) https://www.kew.org/science/data-and-resources/tools-and-services/medicinal-plant-names-services in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.or

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & Renvoize, S.A. (2018). Flore des Mascareignes 203: 1-276. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Camus, E.G. & Camus, A. in H. Lecomte (1922). Flore Générale de l'indo-Chine 1(3): 193-336.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Clayton, W.D. (1989). Flora Zambesiaca 10(3): 1-231. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  • Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
  • Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand, ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C. & al. (2013). Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. (2011). Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139-247.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Hubbard, C.E. & Vaughan, R.E. (1940). Grasses of Mauritius and Rodriguez: 1-128. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Masamune, G. (1942). Enumeratio phanerogamarum Bornearum: 1-739. Taihoku, Formosa.
  • Ndabaneze, P. (1989). Catalogue des Graminées du Burundi. Lejeunia; Revue de Botanique, n.s., 132: 1-127.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Packer, J.E. (1974). Ascension Handbook. A concise guide to Ascension Island South Atlantic ed. 2 Packer, Georgetown.
  • Peekel, P.G. (1984). Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago for Naturalists: 1-638. Office of Forests, Division of Botany, Lae, Papua New Guinea.
  • Press, J.R. et al. (2000). Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal: i-x, 1-430. Natural History Museum, London.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robyns, W. (1934). Flore Agrostologique du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 2: 9-386. Goemaere, Bruxelles.
  • Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga. Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1988). Flora du Rwanda 4: I-X, 1-651. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
  • Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
  • Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Berg. in Act. Helv. Phys. Math. 7: 129, fig. 8 (1762).
  • Clayton in F.T.W.A., ed. 2, 3: 445 (1972).
  • D.M. Napper, Grasses of Tanganyika: 78 (1965).
  • Eggeling, Ann. list grasses Ug.: 34 (1947).
  • K.W. Harker & D.M. Napper, An Illustrated Guide to the Grasses of Uganda p. 47 (1960).
  • Robyns, Fl. Agrost. Congo Belge 2: 124 (1934).
  • Robyns, Flore des Spermatophytes du Parc National Albert 3: 90 (1955).
  • Stapf in Flora of Tropical Africa 9: 569 (1919).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature Sustainability 2:736-741.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
  • Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (2019). Lista de especies vedadas por la resolución 213 de 1977. 8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Nov 1, 2013 Sucre, D. [1963] Brazil K000982756 Yes
Jan 18, 2008 Santamaría, D.; Mata, J.; Hoepker, A.; Chacón, I.; Hernández, C. [3541`] Costa Rica K001614101 Yes
Jul 1, 2007 Tchiengue, B. [2280] Cameroon K000436114 No
Aug 1, 2005 Darbyshire, I. [323] Cameroon K000199952 No
Jun 1, 2001 Lane, P. [227] Cameroon K000107873 No
Jun 1, 2001 Cable, S. [3714] Cameroon K000109612 No
Jun 1, 2001 Cheek, M. [9030] Cameroon K000107602 No
Jun 4, 1998 Walter, B.M.T. [4212] Brazil K000982766 Yes
May 1, 1998 Nascimento, M.S.B.; Renvoize, S.A. [1257] Brazil K000982769 Yes
Feb 1, 1996 Patterson, C. [1] Cameroon K000107945 No
Jan 1, 1996 Marsden, J. [16a] Cameroon K000182495 No
Jan 1, 1996 Marsden, J. [33] Cameroon K000182496 No
Jan 1, 1994 Cheek, M. [5789] Cameroon K000510839 No
May 20, 1987 Panama K001462554 Yes
Mar 16, 1985 Ecuador K001462627 Yes
Oct 23, 1984 Panama k001462560 Yes
Sep 15, 1984 Galapagos Is. K001462564 Yes
Dec 30, 1983 Peru K001462639 Yes
Jul 7, 1983 Irwin, H.S.; Soderstrom, T.R. [5497] Brazil K000982768 Yes
Jul 1, 1976 Klein; Bresolin [11453] Brazil K000982773 Yes
Sep 1, 1973 Reitz, R. [7373] Brazil K000982731 Yes
Jan 1, 1973 Irwin, H.S.; Santos, R.R.; Souza, R.; Fonseca, S.F. [24515] Brazil K000982733 Yes
Jan 1, 1973 Prance, G.T.; Pena, B.S.; Ramos, J.F. [3203] Brazil K000982707 Yes
Jan 1, 1972 Prance, G.T.; Maas, P.J.M.; Kubitzki, K.; Steward, W.C.; Ramos, J.F. [11963] Brazil K000982771 Yes
Jan 1, 1969 Irwin, H.S.; Maxwell, H.; Wasshausen, D.C. [21595] Brazil K000982764 Yes
Jan 30, 1968 Panama k001462558 Yes
Jan 1, 1967 Irwin, H.S.; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R. [10041] Brazil K000982762 Yes
Nov 9, 1964 Silva, M. [210] Brazil K000982729 Yes
Jan 1, 1964 Prance, G.T.; Silva, N.T. [59586] Brazil K000982732 Yes
Jan 1, 1962 Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [2673] Brazil K000982755 Yes
Aug 26, 1957 Colombia K001462599 Yes
Aug 26, 1957 Colombia K001462600 Yes
May 1, 1934 Ecuador K001462615 Yes
Jan 1, 1906 Colombia K001462592 Yes
Jul 1, 1903 Ecuador K001462622 Yes
Jul 1, 1903 Peru K001462637 Yes
Oct 1, 1891 Colombia K001462597 Yes
Aug 1, 1889 Colombia K001462598 Yes
Jun 1, 1859 Panama K001462555 Yes
Aug 11, 1855 Lesson [s.n.] Peru K001054749 Yes
Aug 1, 1855 Poiteau [s.n.] French Guiana K000982745 Yes
Jan 1, 1854 Galapagos Is. K001462566 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [10807] Mexico K000476184 Yes
Larsen, K. [10240] Thailand K000688179 No
Peterson, P.; Annable, C.R. [07033] Panama K001609604 Yes
Carvalho, A.M.; da Vinha, S.G.; Brito, E.S. [1343] Brazil K000004190 Yes
Glaziou [9055] Brazil K000982717 Yes
Gosline, W.G.; Belrichard, C. [307] Cameroon K001562345 Yes
Muller, F. [67] Brazil K000982735 Yes
Cheek, M.; Harvey; Etuge; Tchiengue; Corcoran; Horwath [12844] Cameroon K001562330 No
Geesink, R.; Hattink, T.; Phengklai, C. [7147] Thailand K000688173 No
Preston, T.A. [s.n.] Brazil K000982749 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [4510] Mexico K000476181 Yes
Gardner [3502] Brazil K000643690 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [13656] Thailand K000621068 No
Kerr, A.F.G. [13656] Thailand K000621069 No
Eden, M.J. [73] Brazil K000982770 Yes
Noblick, L.R.; Britto, I.C.; Castro, C.A. [2529] Brazil K000004188 Yes
Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [4772] Brazil K000004193 Yes
Burchell [1494] Brazil K000982743 Yes
Dombrowski, L.T. [2421] Brazil K000982761 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [4438] Brazil K000982734 Yes
Trail, J.W.H. [1216] Brazil K000982710 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [6008] Mexico K000476180 Yes
Lobo, S.; Quesada, A. [1687] Costa Rica K001560953 Yes
Jongkind, C.; Diabate, M.; Bilivogui, D. [11596] Guinea K001561097 Yes
Trail, J.W.H. [1216] Brazil K000982711 Yes
van Beusekom, C.F.; Wid, C.; Geesink, R. [3304] Thailand K000688174 No
Riedel [969] Brazil K000982744 Yes
Eiten, G. [7231] Brazil K000982708 Yes
Traill, J.W.H. [1216] Brazil K000982712 Yes
Smith, H.H. [128] Colombia K001462603 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [6713] Thailand K000621063 No
Skvortzov, B. [199] Brazil K000982709 Yes
Smith, L.B.; Reitz, R. [6240] Brazil K000982730 Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [475] Brazil K000982723 Yes
Spruce [807] Brazil K000982719 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [11247] Thailand K000621066 No
Clayton, W.D. [4163] Brazil K000982751 Yes
Dombrowski, L.T. [2826] Brazil K000982760 Yes
Sorensen, Th.; Larsen, K.; Hansen, B. [1063] Thailand K000688176 No
Migeod, F. [281] Cameroon K000182493 No
Sellow, F. [s.n.] Brazil K000982737 Yes
Spruce [86] Brazil K000982720 Yes
Hinton, G.B. [2294] Mexico K000476182 Yes
Brunt, M.A. [1189] Cameroon K000182494 No
Shimizu, T.; Fukuoka, N.; Nalampoon, A. [T 7740] Thailand K000688175 No
Morales, J.F.; Idárrage, A. [9330] Costa Rica K001516835 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [151] Cameroon K000022770 No
Clayton, W.D. [4079] Brazil K000982750 Yes
Salzmann, P. [0] Brazil K000004186 Yes
Glaziou [6930] Brazil K000982746 Yes
Sorensen, Th.; Larsen, K.; Hansen, B. [3574] Thailand K000688177 No
Egler, F.E. [42-313] Guatemala K000982747 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [6962] Thailand K000621064 No
Eiten, G. [1580] Brazil K000982715 Yes
Luetzelburg [25976] Brazil K000004195 Yes
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K000643688 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [3978] Thailand K000621062 No
Kerr, A.F.G. [14733] Thailand K000621070 No
Glaziou [4316] Brazil K000982726 Yes
Reitz, R. [6122] Brazil K000982763 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4610] Brazil K000982706 Yes
Burchell [742] Brazil K000982739 Yes
Hage, J.L.; dos Santos, T.S. [460] Brazil K000004191 Yes
Rosevear, D., R. [44/37] Cameroon K000182498 No
Duarte, A.P. [5168] Brazil K000982713 Yes
Harley, R.M. [10033] Brazil K000982748 Yes
Swainson, I. [s.n.] Brazil K001054748 Yes
Burchell [1494] Brazil K000982742 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K000982724 Yes
Pabst, G.F.J. [4414] Brazil K000982714 Yes
Graham [s.n.] Brazil K000982736 Yes
Spruce [665] Brazil K001054750 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [7888] Thailand K000621065 No
Prance, G.T.; Lleras, E.; Stewars, W.C.; Ongley, J.C.; Filho, D.F.; Ramos, J.F.; Lima, J.F. [16729] Brazil K000982772 Yes
Clayton, W.D.; Eiten, G. [4661] Brazil K000982752 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [6] Cameroon K000022772 No
Burchell [s.n.] Brazil K001054751 Yes
Kerr, A.F.G. [13296] Thailand K000621067 No
Spruce [1214] Brazil K000982718 Yes
Burchell [1597] Brazil K000982741 Yes
Gardner [3502] Brazil K000643689 Unknown Type Material Yes
Swainson [s.n.] Brazil K000982727 Yes
Spruce, R. [(23)] Brazil K000643692 Unknown Type Material Yes
Burchell [s.n.] Brazil K000982738 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Onishi, E.; Fonsêca, S.F.; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R.; Ramos, J. [25378] Brazil K000982705 Yes
Sieber [127] Windward Is. K000643600 Unknown Type Material Yes
Kuniyoshi, Y.S. [1579] Brazil K000982757 Yes
Glocker, C. [201] Brazil K000004192 Yes
L.B.; Abbe, E.C.; Smitinand, T. [9242A] Thailand K000688172 No
Salzmann, P. [s.n.] Brazil K000004185 Unknown Type Material Yes
Larsen, K. [9828] Thailand K000688178 No
Dalziel, J.M. [8426] Cameroon K000022773 No
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K000643691 Unknown Type Material Yes
Sherring, R.V. [281] Grenada K000643599 Unknown Type Material Yes
Glaziou, A.F.M. [6957] Brazil K000982716 Yes
Hoehne, W. [3991] Brazil K000982758 Yes
Gardner [208] Brazil K000982722 Yes
Coombe, D.E. [227] Cameroon K000182499 No
Parker [s.n.] Guyana K001054753 Yes
Trail, J.W.H. [1214] Brazil K000643693 Unknown Type Material Yes
Fendler, A. [366] Panama K001086352 Yes
Clayton, W.D.; Eiten, G. [4681] Brazil K000982753 Yes
Riedel [s.n.] Brazil K000982725 Yes
Maitland, T.D. [151A] Cameroon K000022771 No
Salzmann, P. [s.n.] Brazil K000643694 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hinton, G.B. [9304] Mexico K000476183 Yes
Burchell [784] Brazil K000982740 Yes
Mori, S.A. [11623] Brazil K000004189 Yes
Hatschbach, G.G.; Kummrow, R. [38360] Brazil K000982767 Yes
Castellanos, A. [24879] Brazil K000982754 Yes
Gaudichaud [s.n.] Brazil K000982721 Yes
Philcox, D.; Fereira, A. [4025] Brazil K000982728 Yes
Niyomdham, C.; Sriboonma [1519] Thailand K000688180 No
Heringer, E.P.; Eiten, G. [14056] Brazil K000982765 Yes
Lutzelburg [426] Brazil K000982759 Yes
Luetzelburg [25975] Brazil K000004194 Yes
Gardner [0] Brazil K000004187 Yes
Peru K000326049 Yes
Panama K001462556 Yes
Panama k001462557 Yes
Panama k001462559 Yes
Galapagos Is. K001462561 Yes
Galapagos Is. K001462562 Yes
Galapagos Is. K001462563 Yes
Galapagos Is. K001462565 Yes
Galapagos Is. K001462567 Yes
Venezuela K001462568 Yes
Venezuela K001462569 Yes
Venezuela K001462570 Yes
Venezuela K001462571 Yes
Venezuela K001462572 Yes
Venezuela K001462573 Yes
Venezuela K001462574 Yes
Venezuela K001462575 Yes
Venezuela K001462576 Yes
Venezuela K001462577 Yes
Colombia K001462578 Yes
Colombia K001462579 Yes
Colombia K001462580 Yes
Colombia K001462581 Yes
Colombia K001462582 Yes
Colombia K001462583 Yes
Colombia K001462584 Yes
Colombia K001462585 Yes
Colombia K001462586 Yes
Colombia K001462587 Yes
Colombia K001462588 Yes
Colombia K001462589 Yes
Colombia K001462590 Yes
Colombia K001462591 Yes
Colombia K001462593 Yes
Colombia K001462594 Yes
Colombia K001462595 Yes
Colombia K001462596 Yes
Colombia K001462601 Yes
Colombia K001462602 Yes
Smith, H.H. [128], Colombia K001462603 Yes
Colombia K001462604 Yes
Ecuador K001462614 Yes
Ecuador K001462616 Yes
Ecuador K001462617 Yes
Ecuador K001462618 Yes
Ecuador K001462619 Yes
Ecuador K001462620 Yes
Ecuador K001462621 Yes
Ecuador K001462623 Yes
Ecuador K001462624 Yes
Ecuador K001462625 Yes
Ecuador K001462626 Yes
Ecuador K001462628 Yes
Ecuador K001462629 Yes
Ecuador K001462630 Yes
Ecuador K001462631 Yes
Ecuador K001462632 Yes
Peru K001462633 Yes
Peru K001462634 Yes
Peru K001462635 Yes
Peru K001462636 Yes
Peru K001462638 Yes
Peru K001462640 Yes
Peru K001462641 Yes
Peru K001462642 Yes
Peru K001462643 Yes
Peru K001462644 Yes
Peru K001462645 Yes
Peru K001462646 Yes
Peru K001462647 Yes
Peru K001462648 Yes
Peru K001462649 Yes
Bolivia K001462650 Yes
Bolivia K001462651 Yes
Bolivia K001462652 Yes
Bolivia K001462653 Yes
Bolivia K001462654 Yes
Bolivia K001462655 Yes
Bolivia K001462656 Yes
Bolivia K001462657 Yes
Bolivia K001462658 Yes
Bolivia K001462659 Yes
Bolivia K001462660 Yes
Bolivia K001462661 Yes
Bolivia K001462662 Yes
Bolivia K001462663 Yes
Bolivia K001462664 Yes
Bolivia K001462665 Yes
Bolivia K001462666 Yes
Bolivia K001462667 Yes
Bolivia K001462668 Yes
Bolivia K001462669 Yes
Bolivia K001462670 Yes
Bolivia K001462671 Yes
Bolivia K001462672 Yes
Bolivia K001462673 Yes
Bolivia K001462674 Yes
Bolivia K001462675 Yes
Venezuela K001462986 Yes

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