Poaceae
Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor

Sorghum bicolor subsp. verticilliflorum (Steud.) de Wet ex Wiersema & J.Dahlb.

First published in Taxon 56: 944 (2007)
This subspecies is accepted
The native range of this subspecies is Africa, Indian Subcontinent. It is an annual or biennial and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Doubtfully present in:

Egypt

Native to:

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central African Repu, Chad, Congo, East Himalaya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, West Himalaya, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, California, Caroline Is., Colombia, Cook Is., Ecuador, Fiji, Florida, Jamaica, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Norfolk Is., Peru, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Society Is., Solomon Is., Taiwan, Tonga, Venezuela

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Govaerts, R.H.A. (2011). World checklist of selected plant families published update Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Sorghum arundinaceum.]

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Aedo, C., Tellería, M.T. & Velayos, M. (eds.) (1999). Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. CSIC, real jardín Botánico, Madrid.
  • Bosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Renvoize, S.A. (1982). Gramineae. Flora of Tropical East Africa 3: 451-898.
  • Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Cope, T.A. (2002). Flora Zambesiaca 10(4): 1-190. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 17: 1-295.
  • Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: 1-430. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Hubbard, C.E. & Vaughan, R.E. (1940). Grasses of Mauritius and Rodriguez: 1-128. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jung, M.J., Chu, M.K., Hsu, T.C., Kao, R.C. & Dai, S.S. (2012). Four newly naturalised grasses and rushes in Taiwan. Taiwania 57: 426-433.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
  • Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
  • Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Renvoize, S.A. (1998). Gramineas de Bolivia: 1-644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Robyns, W. (1929). Flore Agrostologique du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 1: 1-229. Goemaere, Bruxelles.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Troupin, G. (ed.) (1988). Flora du Rwanda 4: I-X, 1-651. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.

Seed Collection Guides

  • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Sep 1, 2005 Etuge, M. [5253] Cameroon Sorghum arundinaceum K000199944 Yes
Jan 1, 2002 Friis, I.; Bidgood, S.; Wondefrash, M.; Getachew, E. [10218] Ethiopia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731324 Yes
May 1, 1998 Nascimento, M.S.B.; Renvoize, S.A. [1397] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068779 Yes
May 1, 1998 Nascimento, M.S.B.; Renvoize, S.A. [1397] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068780 Yes
Jan 1, 1993 Fernández-Casas [11610] Equatorial Guinea Sorghum arundinaceum K000731314 Yes
Jan 1, 1993 Carvalho [2171] Equatorial Guinea Sorghum arundinaceum K000731315 Yes
Apr 7, 1992 Hansen, J.; Heemstra, H. [6309] Somalia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731331 Yes
Sep 1, 1975 Wood, G.H.S. [989] Uganda Sorghum arundinaceum K000731337 Yes
Sep 1, 1975 Bogdan, A. [AB3101] Kenya Sorghum arundinaceum K000731343 Yes
May 1, 1970 Schotz [146] Burkina Faso Sorghum arundinaceum K000731304 Yes
Jan 1, 1964 Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [4891] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068777 Yes
Jan 1, 1964 Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [4891] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068776 Yes
Jan 1, 1964 Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [4750] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068761 Yes
Jan 1, 1964 Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [4891] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068778 Yes
Jan 1, 1963 Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [6563] Cameroon Sorghum arundinaceum K000731309 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 MacGillivray, J. [212] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068763 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 Glaziou, A.F.M. [6961] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068769 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 Glaziou, A.F.M. [3150] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068762 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 Glaziou, A.F.M. [1633] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068771 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 Riedel [1231] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068764 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 Gardner, G. [144] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068768 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 Saint-Hilaire, A.F.C.P. [A 524] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068766 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 Meen, J. [3745] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068765 Yes
Jul 25, 1951 Burchell, W.J. [1632] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068767 Yes
May 23, 1951 Deighton, F.C. [3473] Sierra Leone Sorghum arundinaceum K000731297 Yes
Nov 1, 1948 Baldwin, J.T., Jr. [11032] Liberia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731302 Yes
Germain [5921] Congo, Republic of the Sorghum arundinaceum K000731311 Yes
s.coll [20] Kenya Sorghum arundinaceum K000731344 Yes
L [7418] Kenya Sorghum arundinaceum K000731346 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Guinea Sorghum arundinaceum K000280774 Type Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4172] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068757 Yes
Wight, R. [3246] India Sorghum arundinaceum K000245616 Holotype Yes
Santos, T.S. [3926] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K000004748 Yes
Thomas [3884] Uganda Sorghum arundinaceum K000280829 Holotype Yes
Storey, H.H. [2] Tanzania Sorghum arundinaceum K000280822 Holotype Yes
Storey, H.H. [2] Tanzania Sorghum arundinaceum K000280823 Holotype Yes
Raynal, J.; Raynal, A. [12553] Cameroon Sorghum arundinaceum K000731308 Yes
Parker, C. [2013] Burkina Faso Sorghum arundinaceum K000731299 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4150] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068759 Yes
Hage, J.L.; Brito; S, H. [553] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K000004750 Yes
McKinnon, A.S. [S274] Somalia Sorghum arundinaceum K000280786 Type Yes
McKinnon, A.S. [S274] Somalia Sorghum arundinaceum K000280785 Holotype Yes
McKinnon, A.S. [S274] Somalia Sorghum arundinaceum K000280784 Type Yes
Eiten, G.L.; Eiten, L.T. [4891] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K000004743 Yes
Kotschy [132] Ethiopia Sorghum arundinaceum K000280790 Holotype Yes
Dalziel, J.M. [293] Nigeria Sorghum arundinaceum K000280818 Syntype Yes
Laegaard, S. [16260] Zimbabwe Sorghum arundinaceum K000731364 Yes
Gardner [1177] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K000004749 Yes
Gilbert, M.G.; Gilbert, S.B.; Tewolde-Berhan, G.E. [2455] Ethiopia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731326 Yes
Drège South Africa Sorghum arundinaceum K000280794 Syntype Yes
Drège South Africa Sorghum arundinaceum K000280793 Syntype Yes
Santos, T.S. [3925] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K000004746 No
Drummond, J.R [21091] India Sorghum arundinaceum K000245615 Holotype Yes
Wickens, G.E. [3545] Nigeria Sorghum arundinaceum K000731292 Yes
Schweinfurth, G. [1521] Sudan Sorghum arundinaceum K000280787 Type Yes
Thulin, M.; Bashir, A.; Mohamed, A. [6984] Somalia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731329 Yes
Thomas, A.S. [714] Uganda Sorghum arundinaceum K000280827 Type Yes
Thomas, A.S. [714] Uganda Sorghum arundinaceum K000280826 Holotype Yes
Thomas, A.S. [714] Uganda Sorghum arundinaceum K000280828 Type Yes
Innes, R.R. [RRI665] Somalia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731333 Yes
White, R.J. [35] Mozambique Sorghum arundinaceum K000731352 No
van Meer, P.P.C. [431] Liberia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731301 Yes
Amico, A.; Bavazzano, R. [s.n.] Mozambique Sorghum arundinaceum K000731350 Yes
Broun, A.F. [1473] Sudan Sorghum arundinaceum K000280791 Type Yes
Broun, A.F. [1473] Sudan Sorghum arundinaceum K000280792 Syntype Yes
Eichinger, A. [5885] Tanzania Sorghum arundinaceum K000280825 Type Yes
Eichinger, A. [5885] Tanzania Sorghum arundinaceum K000280824 Holotype Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, S.; Hailu, A.; Getachew, E. [11321] Ethiopia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731323 Yes
Sellow [1250] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K000004745 Yes
Castellanos, A. [5764] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068770 Yes
Eiten, G.L.; Eiten, L.T. [4891] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K000004744 Yes
Greenway, P.J. [1956] Tanzania Sorghum arundinaceum K000280821 Type Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, S.; Host, P.; Desissa, D.; Kebede, S. [7180] Ethiopia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731328 Yes
Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [10414] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068760 Yes
Kotschy [390] Sudan Sorghum arundinaceum K000280789 Type Yes
Gillett, J.B.; Gillett, J.J. [23566] Somalia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731330 Yes
Raynal, J.; Raynal, A. [13513] Benin Sorghum arundinaceum K000731295 Yes
Gilbert, M.G.; Thulin, M. [177] Ethiopia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731327 Yes
Aké Assi [12205] Cote d'Ivoire Sorghum arundinaceum K000731300 Yes
Clayton, W.D. [4172] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K001068758 Yes
Innes, R.R. [s.n.] Ghana Sorghum arundinaceum K000731306 Yes
Kazmi, S.M.A. [5189] Somalia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731332 Yes
Friis, I.; Bidgood, S.; Wondefrash, M.; Tefera, G. [9575] Ethiopia Sorghum arundinaceum K000731325 Yes
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. [7444] Cameroon Sorghum arundinaceum K000731313 Yes
Innes, R.R. [s.n.] Ghana Sorghum arundinaceum K000731307 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [11519] Malawi Sorghum arundinaceum K000731354 Yes
Salzmann [0] Brazil Sorghum arundinaceum K000004747 Yes
Brummitt, R.K. [8797] Malawi Sorghum arundinaceum K000731353 Yes
Jun 20, 1951 Shantz, H.L. [602] Congo, Republic of the Sorghum macrochaetum K000731310 Yes
Wickens, G.E. [1941] Sudan Sorghum macrochaetum K000731318 Yes
s.coll [18770] Cameroon Sorghum vogelianum K000731296 Yes
Hall, J.B. [770] Ghana Sorghum vogelianum K000731305 Yes
Vogel [11] Nigeria Sorghum vogelianum K000280820 Type Yes
Vogel [11] Nigeria Sorghum vogelianum K000280819 Type Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Rwaburindore, P.K. [2520] Uganda Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731340 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Rwaburindore, P.K. [3022] Uganda Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731335 Yes
Apr 23, 1952 Shantz, H.L. [834] Kenya Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731341 Yes
Moss, H.; Fish, L.; Maggs, GL. [2101] Namibia Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731370 Yes
Glover; Samuel; Wateridge [2964] Kenya Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731342 Yes
Zambatis, N. [129] South Africa Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731373 Yes
s.coll [46-75] Zambia Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731361 Yes
Strey; Schlieben [8657] South Africa Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731374 Yes
s.coll [1212] Uganda Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731338 Yes
Mhoro, B. [1198] Tanzania Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731347 Yes
Smith, P.A. [1917] Botswana Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731367 Yes
Germain, R. [6559] Burundi Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731316 Yes
Langdale; Brown [1426] Uganda Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731339 Yes
s.coll [1128] Botswana Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731368 Yes
de Winter, B.; Leistner [5163] Namibia Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731371 Yes
Zambatis, N. [191] South Africa Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731372 Yes
Danny; Welsh [NYM128] Tanzania Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731345 Yes
Greenway, P.J.; Kanuri [12095] Tanzania Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731348 Yes
Angus, A. [2950] Zambia Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731360 Yes
Mitchell, B.L. [31564] Zambia Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731359 No
Gonde, P. [PG124/75] Zimbabwe Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731365 Yes
Drummond, R.B. [5429] Zambia Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731358 Yes
Greenway, P.J. [10321] Tanzania Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731349 Yes
Mitchell, B.L. [19906] Zambia Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731357 Yes
Wild, H.; Drummond, R.B. [7023] Namibia Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731369 Yes
Beattie, I.H. [938] Zimbabwe Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731356 Yes
Dyson; Hudson [280] Uganda Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731336 Yes
Ellis, R.P. [2733] Botswana Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731366 Yes
Hirst, W. [s.n.] Uganda Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731334 Yes
Cakes, A.J.; Scheepers, J.C. [262] South Africa Sorghum verticilliflorum K000731375 Yes
Simpson, N.D. [7069] Sudan Sorghum abyssinicum K000731320 Yes
Jan 1, 1967 De Wilde, C.S.W. [5230] Chad Sorghum aethiopicum K000731312 Yes
Apr 22, 1952 Andrews, F.W. [7] Sudan Sorghum aethiopicum K000731322 Yes
Adam, J.G. [21824] Mauritania Sorghum lanceolatum K000731293 Yes

Sources

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    • Flora Zambesiaca
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    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
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  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
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  • GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

    • Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora.
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

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    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

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    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

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