Lamiaceae
Cantinoa

Cantinoa americana (Aubl.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore

First published in Phytotaxa 58: 9 (2012)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is an annual or subshrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as a poison and a medicine and for food.

Descriptions

Distribution
Biogeografic region: Andean, Pacific. Elevation range: 600–2000 m a.s.l. Native to Colombia. Colombian departments: Cauca, Tolima, Valle del Cauca.
Habit
Herb.
Conservation
National Red List of Colombia (2021): LC.
Ecology
Habitat according IUCN Habitats Classification: forest and woodland, shrubland, artificial - terrestrial.
[UPFC]

Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation (2024). Bachman, S.P., Brown, M.J.M., Leão, T.C.C., Lughadha, E.N., Walker, B.E. https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.19592

Conservation
Predicted extinction risk: not threatened. Confidence: confident
[AERP]

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Distribution
Nativa en Colombia; Alt. 600 - 2000 m.; Andes, Pacífico, Valle del Cauca.
Morphology General Habit
Hierba
Conservation
Preocupación Menor
[CPLC]

Labiatae, J. K. Morton. Flora of West Tropical Africa 2. 1963

Morphology General Habit
A tall, erect, aromatic, rather scabrid herb
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers
Flowers very small, corolla white with mauve marks on the lip
Ecology
A weed of roadsides and cultivated land, often occurring in damp places.
[FWTA]

J. R. Timberlake, E. S. Martins (2013). Flora Zambesiaca, Vol 8: part 8. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Type
Type: Uncertain origin, West Indies or Sierra Leone, Smeathman s.n. (P-LAM holotype).
Morphology General Habit
Annual herb 0.3–2.5 m tall with a strong, rather unpleasant smell
Morphology Stem
Stem erect, developing numerous flowering branch above, quadrangular, with short retrorse hairs and sessile glands on faces and small recurved prickles on angles
Morphology Leaves
Leaf blade 2.5–10 × 1–4 cm, elliptic-lanceolate to ovate, coarsely serrate, acute at apex, cuneate at base, with tiny rigid hairs near margins and along nerves beneath; petiole 0.5–4 cm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescence terminal, spike-like, composed of many subsessile overlapping cymes; cymes 10–20-flowered, congested, slightly 1-sided; bract leaf-like, smaller upwards; bracteoles numerous, 3–5 mm long, linear, coarsely ciliate, giving inflorescence a bristly appearance
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx 3.5–4(7 in fruit) mm long; tube campanulate, becoming elongately urceolate, covered in sessile glands, with long hairs toward apex and around mouth; lobes linear- subulate, 2–3 mm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla white, fading mauve-pink, 3–4 mm long, pubescent towards apex
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Nutlets pale to occasionally dark brown, 1.5–1.6 × 0.9–1.1 mm, oblong-ellipsoid, slightly compressed, smooth with a slight median ridge.
Distribution
Botswana, Zambia, Malawi, South Africa and elsewhere.
Ecology
By lakes, rivers, dambos, floodplains and cultivated ground; 450–1200 m.
Conservation
Introduced, widespread. Seeds sometimes used in cooking for their oil.
[FZ]

Lamiaceae (Labiatae), A.J. Paton, G. Bramley, O. Ryding, R.M. Polhill, Y.B. Harvey, M. Iwarsson, F. Willis, P.B. Phillipson, K. Balkwill, C.W. Lukhoba, D.F. Otieno, & R.M. Harley. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 2009

Type
Type: origin unknown, West Indies or Sierra Leone, Smeathman s.n. (P-LAM, holo.)
Morphology General Habit
Annual herb, 0.3–2.5 m tall, with strong rather unpleasant smell
Morphology Stem
Stem erect, developing numerous flowering branches above, quadrangular, with short retrorse hairs and sessile glands on the faces and small recurved prickles on the angles
Morphology Leaves
Leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate to ovate, 2.5–10 × 1–4 cm, coarsely serrate, acute at apex, cuneate at base, with tiny rigid hairs especially near margins and along veins beneath; petiole 0.5–4 cm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Inflorescences terminal, spike-like, composed of many subsessile overlapping cymes; cymes ± 10–20-flowered, congested, slightly 1-sided; bracts leaf-like, smaller upwards; bracteoles numerous, linear, 3–5 mm long, coarsely ciliate, giving the inflorescence a bristly appearance
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Calyx
Calyx 3.5–4(–7 in fruit) mm long; tube campanulate, becoming elongately urceolate, covered in sessile glands and with long hairs toward apex and around the mouth; lobes linear-subulate, 2–3 mm long
Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Corolla
Corolla white fading mauve-pink, 3–4 mm long, pubescent distally
Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits
Nutlets pale to occasionally dark brown, oblong-ellipsoid, slightly compressed, with a slight median ridge, 1.5–1.6 × 0.9–1.1 mm, smooth.
Ecology
By rivers, lakes and swamps, flood plains, cultivated areas; 25–1050 m
Conservation
Least concern; widely distributed
Note
Several collectors in Uganda and Sudan note that the seeds are used in cooking for their oil.
Distribution
Range: Native of tropical America, possibly Brazilian in origin, now widespread in tropical and South Africa, also elsewhere Flora districts: U1 U 2/U4 U4 T4 T6 T7 T8
[FTEA]

Uses

Use Environmental
Environmental uses.
Use Gene Sources
Used as gene sources.
Use Food
Used for food.
Use Materials
Used as material.
Use Medicines
Medical uses.
Use Poisons
Poisons.
Use Social
Social uses.
[UPFC]

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

    • ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0