Solanaceae
Solanum

Solanum scabrum Mill.

First published in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 6 (1768)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & S. Africa, W. Indian Ocean. It is an annual or perennial and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal food and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Central African Repu, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Belgium, Chagos Archipelago, China South-Central, China Southeast, Connecticut, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Illinois, Jawa, Maluku, Mauritius, Missouri, New Zealand North, Réunion, South Australia, Sumatera, Sweden, Taiwan, Tibet, Wisconsin

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • PBI Solanum Project (2014-continuously updated). Solanaceae Source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family http://www.solanaceaesource.org/.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2020). Flore du Gabon 55: 1-137. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Särkinen, T. & al. (2018). A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1-223.

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2019). https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738. epublication.
  • Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
  • Särkinen, T. & al. (2018). A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1-223.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Afr. Indig. Veget.: 188 (2000)
  • Bothalia 18(1): 82 (1988);
  • Bothalia 25(1): 47 (1995);
  • Contrib. Queensland Herbarium 16: 61 (1974)
  • D’Arcy & Rakotozafy, Fl. Madag.: 124 (1994);
  • E.P.A.: 876 (1963)
  • Edmonds & Chweya, Black Nightshades: 38 (1997);
  • F.Z. 8(4): 71 (2005);
  • Fitoterapia 56: 11  (1985);
  • Fl. Eth. 5: 117 (2006);
  • Gard. Dict. ed. 8: Solanum No. 6 (1768)
  • J.L.S. 78: 224 (1979)
  • Jaeger, Syst. studies Solanum in Africa: 298 (1985, ined.)
  • Journ. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4: 53 (1981)
  • Légum. Afr. Indig.: 379 (2004);
  • Manoko, Syst. Study African Solanum sect. Solanum: chapters 1, 5–8 (2007).
  • Mansfeld, Encycl. Ag. & Hort. Crops 4: 1809 (2001);
  • Novon 16(4): 508 (2006);
  • Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 131: 42 (2002);
  • Uganda: papers i-vi (2004);

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • García Castro, N. J. (2011). Plantas nativas empleadas en alimentación en Colombia. Instituo de Investigaciones Biológicas Alexander von Humboldt. http://repository.humboldt.org.co/handle/20.500.11761/31275
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2017 Irvine, F.R. [3607] Nigeria K001169708 Yes
Jan 1, 2017 s.coll [25] Nigeria K001169711 Yes
Jan 1, 2017 Chapman, J.D. [2914] Nigeria K001169710 Yes
Jan 1, 2017 Morton, J.K. [s.n.] Sierra Leone K001169707 Yes
Jan 1, 2017 Swarbick, J.T. [TS2572] Nigeria K001169709 Yes
Jan 1, 2017 s.coll [7] Nigeria K001169712 Yes
Sep 1, 2016 Barter, C. [1054] Nigeria K001155682 Yes
Mar 1, 2016 Melville, F.A. [188] Equatorial Guinea K001155842 Yes
Jan 1, 2016 Purseglove, J.W. [P2712] Uganda K001157920 Yes
Jan 1, 2016 Goode, P.M. [G372] Uganda K001157919 Yes
Jan 1, 2016 Synnott, T.J. [737] Uganda K001156759 Yes
Jan 1, 2016 Olet, E.A. [49] Uganda K001157922 Yes
Jan 1, 2016 Olet, E.A. [48] Uganda K001157921 Yes
Dec 1, 2015 Schlieben, H.J. [11670] Seychelles K001158876 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Gillett, J.B. [15249] Nigeria K001155688 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Glanville, R.R. [412] Sierra Leone K001155768 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Magaji, S.O. [MG-725] Nigeria K001155765 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Gbile, E.C.; Olorunfemi, J.; Binuyo [FHI-20567] Nigeria K001155675 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Smith, E.N. [s.n.] South Africa K001159439 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Williams, S.L. [287] South Africa K001159362 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Figueiredo, E.; Arriegas, P.I. [95] Sao Tome and Principe K001155831 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Lely, H.V. [31] Nigeria K001155683 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Louis, J.L.P. [10507] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K001155835 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Moll, E.J. [4138] South Africa K001159358 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Junod, H.A. [575] South Africa K001159359 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Letouzey, R. [6880] Cameroon K001155847 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Pilz, G.E. [2108] Nigeria K001155766 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Daramola, B.D.; Osanyinlusi [154] Nigeria K001155684 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Irvine, F.R. [93] Ghana K001155663 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Yates, C.C. [56] Nigeria K001155775 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Bryant, E.G. [1002] South Africa K001159364 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Carvalho, M.F., do [3708] Equatorial Guinea K001155848 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Irvine, F.R. [5096] Ghana K001155771 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Jansen, J.W.A. [2015] Liberia K001155632 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Adames, P. [577] Liberia K001155651 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Lejeune, A.L.S. [55] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K001155832 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Boughey, A.S. [109] Equatorial Guinea K001155691 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Leeuwenberg, A.J.M.; Voorhoeve, A.G. [4668] Liberia K001155649 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Santo, E. [218] Sao Tome and Principe K001155830 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Emwiogbon, J.A. [FHI-43533] Nigeria K001155681 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Wrigley, T.C.; Melville, F.A. [426] Equatorial Guinea K001155756 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Winter, B., de; Leistner, O.A. [5550] Namibia K001159367 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Irvine, F.R. [5191] Ghana K001155769 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Akpabla, G. [2117] Ghana K001155760 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Morton, J.K. [s.n.] Ghana K001155662 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Morton, J.K. [s.n.] Ghana K001155664 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Daramola, B.O. [FHI-72483] Nigeria K001155686 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Dalziel, J.M. [1188a] Nigeria K001155677 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Morton, J.K. [A-2383] Ghana K001155659 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Darko, K.O. [1032] Ghana K001155658 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Wolley-Dod, A.H. [3180] South Africa K001159365 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Dalziel, J.M. [1188b] Nigeria K001155676 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Smith, E.N. [s.n.] South Africa K001159437 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Harley, W.J. [1029] Liberia K001155648 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Johns, T.J. [86-481] Cameroon K001155846 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Wrigley, T.C.; Melville, F.A. [493] Equatorial Guinea K001155755 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Morton, J.K. [GC-24359] Ghana K001155759 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Darko, K.O. [5115] Ghana K001155660 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Morton, J.K. [A3675] Ghana K001155757 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Schmidt, A.A. [592] South Africa K001159366 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Thomas, N.W. [2042] Nigeria K001155679 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Quarré, P. [3297] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K001155838 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Anonymous [s.n.] South Africa K001159438 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Balsinhas, A.; Harding [3290] South Africa K001159361 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Irvine, F.R. [5095] Ghana K001155770 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Sanou, L.F.; Leonard, S.P. [BUR-596] Burkina Faso K001155647 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Oldeman, R.A.A. [22] Cote d'Ivoire K001155654 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Flamigni, A. [352] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K001155833 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Morton, J.K. [s.n.] Ghana K001155673 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Louis, J.L.P. [10507] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K001155837 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Morton, J.K. [A-4028] Ghana K001155671 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Olorunfemi, J. [FHI-57034] Nigeria K001155685 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Wit, de; Morton, J.K. [A-2921] Ghana K001155672 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Seydel, R. [1162] Namibia K001159368 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Schantz, H.L. [646] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K001155841 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Gillett, J.B. [15249] Nigeria K001155687 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Hepper, F.N.; Maley, J. [7849] Cote d'Ivoire K001155669 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Lester, R.N. [043] Nigeria K001155767 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Fernández Casas, J. [11820] Equatorial Guinea K001155849 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Wrigley, T.C.; Melville, F.A. [493] Equatorial Guinea K001155754 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Guinea, E. [1348] Equatorial Guinea K001155690 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Louis, J.L.P. [10507] Congo, Democratic Republic of the K001155839 Yes
Nov 1, 2015 Schlechter, F.R.R. [2165] South Africa K001159363 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Akpabla, G.K. [s.n.] Cameroon K001155984 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Komaromi, R. [48] Cameroon K000023408 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Fernández Casas, J. [11725] Equatorial Guinea K001155997 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Lowe, J. [2951] Cameroon K001155983 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Barthelat, F.; Hladik, A.; Pagézy, H.; Mçhangama, M.; Sifari, B.A. [885] Madagascar K001158965 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Gautier, L. [5198] Madagascar K001158872 Yes
Oct 1, 2015 Chevalier, A. [5518] Central African Republic K001155974 Yes
Jun 1, 2015 Luke, Q. [12339] Equatorial Guinea K001155973 Yes
Jan 1, 2006 Etuge, M. [1556] Cameroon K001155844 Yes
Jan 1, 2005 Deighton, F.C. [4571] Sierra Leone K001155777 Yes
Jan 1, 2005 Lester, R.N. [045] Nigeria K001155774 Yes
Jan 1, 2005 Latilo, M.G. [140] Nigeria K001155773 Yes
Jan 1, 2005 Schinz [807] Namibia K000196168 Yes
Jan 1, 2005 Thomas, N.W. [3703] Sierra Leone K001155778 Yes
Jan 1, 2005 Harley, W.J. [621] Liberia K001155772 Yes
Jan 1, 2002 Barthelat, F.; Sifary, A.B. [210] Comoros K000212407 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Coode, M.J.E.; Bosser, J. [4582] Comoros K000212408 Yes
Jun 27, 1905 Westphal-Stevels, J.M.C. [1989] Cameroon K000658435 Yes
Jun 27, 1905 Lester, R.N. [45] Nigeria K000658436 Yes
Jun 27, 1905 Hall, ? [47139] Ghana K000658434 Yes
Welwitsch [6034] Angola K001029778 Yes
Westphal, E.; Westphal-Stevels, J.M.C. [8899] Cameroon K001169962 Yes
Trapnell, C.G. [1453] Zambia K001158739 Yes
Nee, M. [18248] United States K001169966 Yes
Yao, K. [8611] China K001152426 Yes
Herb Gay, J. [s.n.] Luxembourg K001169958 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] United Kingdom K001169963 Yes
Chow, K.S. [80300] China K001152425 Yes
Henry, A. [9870] China K001152429 Yes
Beach, K.H. [46] China K001152417 Yes
Chung, H.-.H. [1647] China K001152413 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] K001169957 Yes
Herb Gay, J. [s.n.] K001169959 Yes
Rao, M.K. [65] India K001169961 Yes
La Touche, J., de [152] China K001152410 Yes
Forrest, G. [8373] China K001152433 Yes
Schoch, O. [67] China K001152416 Yes
Thompson, S.A.; Mokole, E. [1753] Cameroon K001169964 Yes
Nee, M. [16063] United States K001169968 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] K001152187 Yes
Bullock, T.L. [323] K001152431 Yes
s.coll [130] China K001152424 Yes
Hanson, C.G. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001151623 Yes
Wilson, E.H. [2660] China K001152414 Yes
Henry [1024] China K001152428 Yes
Furtado, C.X. [25897] Singapore K001153278 Yes
Symon, D.E. [35881] Australia K001153969 Yes
Faber, E. [s.n.] China K001152427 Yes
Symon, D.E. [35883] Australia K001153971 Yes
Nee, M. [14623-b] United States K001169965 Yes
Forrest, G. [7289] China K001152411 Yes
Jordan, H.D. [1059] Sierra Leone K001155780 Yes
Deighton, F.C. [1811] K001169956 Yes
Tsang, W.-.T. [20890] China K001152432 Yes
Welwitsch [6103] Angola K001029777 Yes
Merrill, E.D. [1571] China K001152430 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] United Kingdom K001169955 Yes
Hanson, C.G. [s.n.] United Kingdom K001169960 Yes
McKay, J. [s.n.] United States K001169969 Yes
s.coll [1807] K001167950 Yes
Nee, M. [16088] United States K001169967 Yes
Hu [972] China K001152412 Yes
Symon, D.E. [35883] Australia K001153970 Yes
Forrest, G. [4479] China K001152415 Yes
McKay, J. [s.n.] United States K001169970 Yes
Devis, H.F. [s.n.] United Kingdom Solanum melanocerasum K001152204 Yes
Devis, H.F. [s.n.] Solanum melanocerasum K001152205 Yes
s.coll [40] Solanum melanocerasum K001152207 Yes
Thedenius, C.G.H. [s.n.] Solanum melanocerasum K001152208 Yes
s.coll [40] Solanum melanocerasum K001152206 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] Solanum melanocerasum K001152209 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] Ireland Solanum nigrum var. guineense K001151366 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] United Kingdom Solanum nigrum var. guineense K001151364 Yes
Blake, A. [s.n.] United Kingdom Solanum nigrum var. guineense K001151365 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Andrieux, G. [183] Mexico Solanum pterocaulon K000063832 No
Wynd, F.L.; Mueller, C.H. [567] Mexico Solanum pterocaulon K000063831 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] Solanum pterocaulon K001160676 Yes
s.coll [s.n.] Solanum pterocaulon K001160677 Yes
Hinton, G.B.; et al. [7566] Mexico Solanum pterocaulon K000063829 Yes
Balls, E.K.; Gourlay, W.B. [B5067] Mexico Solanum pterocaulon K000063828 Yes
Galeotti, H.G. [s.n.] Solanum pterocaulon K001160675 Yes
Coulter, T. [1231] Mexico Solanum pterocaulon K000063827 Yes
Balls, E.K.; Gourlay, W.B. [B5646] Mexico Solanum pterocaulon K000063830 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Living Collection Database

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0