C. Castellani and P. Licandro

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1 C. Castellani and P. Licandro
Basin scale distribution of key zooplankton species in the North Atlantic Ocean C. Castellani and P. Licandro Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

2 Aims of Study ULTIMATE GOALS Define key species realized niches
Investigate biogeography of key zooplankton species in the North Atlantic Ocean in relation to habitat Investigate how life history can help understanding abundance and distribution patterns across its range Compile and compare for the first time demographic and life history data across range Identify similarities and differences in regional life histories. ULTIMATE GOALS Define key species realized niches Identify main environmental parameters to include in habitat modelling Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

3 Key zooplankton species/ taxa
C. finmarchicus C. helgolandicus C. hyperboreus Pseudocalanus spp. Oithona spp. Thecosomata spp. Euphausida spp. Cnidaria spp. Key species selected based on their abundance, ecological traits Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

4 Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov 2012 www.euro-basin.eu
Data sets CPR-data ( ) Distribution of key species & PCI-index Other Environmental data SST (Met-Office) C. finmarchicus life history Net sampling ( ) CTDs Chlorophyll-a Demography, EPR, dormancy, mortality, survival Mappa sotto solo di egg-production data Molle et al., submitted to Progress & Oceanography Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

5 Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov 2012 www.euro-basin.eu
Hydrography SST (oC) Phytoplankton Colour Index (PCI) Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

6 Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov 2012 www.euro-basin.eu
Key Species Maps (CPR) CALANUS C. finmarchicus C. helgolandicus C. hyperboreus Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

7 Trans-Atlantic patterns
Differences between NWA and NEA in SST, Chl-a C. finmarchicus highest abundances in deep basins in ENA and Labrador Sea, but also very abundant populations WNA shelves Variable phenology. Similar start population in winter-spring but later start to dormancy in WNA Differences in egg production variables: smaller clutch size, lower critical concentration, lower relationship with Chl-a in ENA Egg-C1 mortality lower NWA shelf and higher in presence of Calanus congeners Transport from South to North in ENA & from North to South in WNA: implications for population responses to warming Leggi per commento mappa di Calanus finmarchicus Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

8 Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov 2012 www.euro-basin.eu
Key Species Maps (CPR) Oithona spp. Pseudocalanus spp. Euphausida spp. Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

9 Ongoing work on Oithona spp.
AIM Verify whether Oithona multidecadal variability across the North Atlantic is related with species-specific differences in life cycle & environmental preferences CPR data Data sets CPR data Net samples Abundance & Demography Egg Production Rates Ingestion rate/Prey selection Mortality rate Associated environmental data Parameters Oithona spp. abundance has declined significantly over past 63 years in some areas of the North East Atlantic. Prey = dinoflagellati Further investigation integrating demographic data with vital ratesv Please contact: Claudia Castellani Decline correlated with: Hydroclimatic changes SST Prey availability Castellani et al., in preparation Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

10 Key Species Maps (CPR) Thecosomata spp. Cnidaria spp.
Which are the main North Atlantic jellyfish swarming species ? Are there reliable quantitative records of jellyfish abundance ? Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

11 Main jellyfish swarming species based on the CPR
Jul_10 Dec_09 Mar_10 Sep_07 Nov_10 Nov_08 Dec_08 Aug_08 Jul_08 Oct_07 Dec_07 Jul_06 Scyphozoa Pelagia noctiluca Aurelia aurita Chrysaora quinquecirrha Mar_07 Ott_07 Sep_07 Aug_06 Nov_07 Agalma clausi Diphyes dispar Apolemia uvaria Halistemma rubrum Muggiaea atlantica Hydrozoan siphonophores Mean frequency of jellyfish Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

12 Quantitative records of jellyfish from net-sampling
METEOR CRUISE, 9-29 April 2012 (in collaboration with M. Blackett, SAHFOS) Preliminary results Cnidaria Medusae Siphonophora Ctenophora Total Jellyfish St. 1 St. 3 Aglantha digitale Lensia conoidea Dimophyes arctica Beroe spp. Nanomia cara Chuniphyes multidentata Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov Mean frequency

13 Quantitative records of jellyfish from net-sampling
ICELANDIC CRUISE, May 2012 (in collaboration with K. Raab, IMARES, The Netherlands) Preliminary results Cnidaria Medusae Siphonophora Ctenophora Lensia spp. Aglantha digitale Agalma elegans Chuniphyes spp. Beroe & Mertensia spp. Clytia spp. Total Jellyfish Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

14 North Atlantic key jellyfish species are different quantitative records comparable ?
Nunavut cruises Trachymedusa : Aglantha digitale, Ctenophora : Beroe spp., Mertensia ovum Scyphomedusa : Cyanea capillata Jelly-net (1 m d.mouth, ≈ 700 μm) Cadiz Siphonophora : Muggiaea atlantica, Muggiaea kochi, Trachymedusa : Liriope tetraphylla, Leptomedusa: Eucheilota paradoxica Siphonophora : Chelophyes appendiculata L4 time series Anthomedusa : Lizzia blondina Siphonophora : Muggiaea atlantica Leptomedusa: Obelia spp. Trachymedusa : Liriope tetraphylla & Aglantha digitale S. Sebastian & Lensia conoidea Trachymedusa : Liriope tetraphylla Stonehaven time series Ctenophora : Pleurobrachia pileus Anthomedusa : Hybocodon prolifer Trachymedusa: Aglantha digitale Lock Ewe time series Leptomedusa: Clytia spp. Mesozooplankton net (0.40 m d.mouth, ≈ 200 μm) Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov Mid-term Synthesis Workshop, Lisbon 6-8th Nov

15 Counts of colonial jellyfish are not always comparable
Siphonophora Calycophorae Necto Sifo Pn N Br Go Physonectae Agalma elegans Muggiaea kochi Sulculeolaria quadrivalvis

16 Thanks for your attention

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18 Increasing RECORDS of Jellyfish in the North Sea and NE Atlantic
Jellyfish anomaly Anomaly of jellyfish frequency in the CPR ( versus ) The greatest increase in the NE Atlantic is between 40° N - 58° N and 10° W - 30 ° W (Licandro et al., Biol. Lett.,)

19 Pelagia noctiluca swarms in the in the NE Atlantic and W Mediterranean
Outbreaks of P. noctiluca were recorded in summer- autumn 2007 and 2008 in the NE Atlantic; CPR records were consistent with other observations; The progression of P. noctiluca swarms was consistent with surface circulation in the NE Atlantic (e.g. NAO + in winter and NAO – in summer are associated with stronger NAC and CSC) and in the W Mediterranean (Licandro et al., Biol. Lett.,)

20 Stonehaven (northwestern North Sea)
Stonehaven Total Hydromedusae Hydromedusae: No clear trend, high abundance in and 2007; Siphonophores : high peaks in , 2006 and in 2008 Stonehaven Total Siphonophores Stonehaven - Hydromedusae - Lizzia blondina, Obelia spp, Hybocodon prolifer - Siphonophorae - Muggiaea  atlantica In 2007 =max circa 20 ind./mc= 20*50= 100 ind/mq Bongo-net (40 cm mouth, 200 μm) in 0-50 m layer

21 Plymouth L4 (northwestern English Channel)
L4 Total Hydromedusae L4 Total Siphonophores Hydromedusae: high abundance since 2008 (but comparable to 1988) and big peak in 2009; Siphonophores : big peaks in 2009 and 2010 WP2 net, 200 um, 0-50 m depth