Hubble Symposium 5 May 04. BVIBVI SN1a are standardizable candles: Bright = slow Dim = fast One parameter yields 10% luminosity distances SNIa Similarity.

Presentation on theme: "Hubble Symposium 5 May 04. BVIBVI SN1a are standardizable candles: Bright = slow Dim = fast One parameter yields 10% luminosity distances SNIa Similarity."— Presentation transcript:

1 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04

2 BVIBVI SN1a are standardizable candles: Bright = slow Dim = fast One parameter yields 10% luminosity distances SNIa Similarity and Diversity

3 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Luminosity Distance and Cosmological Parameters (Impress the ignorant) (See what’s going on)

4 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Z  (m-M) 0.5 0.13 +/- 0.05 1.0 0.00 +/- 0.08 1.5 -0.10 +/- 0.10 (speculative!) Luminosity Distances: 0.5 < z < 1.5 Z=0.5 Z=1.0 Z=1.5

5 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 SNIa – Results in 1998

6 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 SNIa - Results in 2003

7 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 2dF:  M h = 0.2 ± 0.03 KP: h = 0.72 ± 0.08 Constraints on  M,  , and w

8 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Higher z with ACS and GOODS 5 z-band epochs, spaced by 45 days, simultaneous v,i band, 120 tiles CDFS=08/02-02/03 HDFN=11/02-05/03 (Adam Riess, PI)

9 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 2003ak (1.57) 2002fz (0.839) 2003aj (1.4) 2002ga (0.988) 2002kb (0.474) 2002fv (~1.0) 2002lg (0.61) 2002fw (1.3) 2002hs (0.388) 2002hp (1.3) 2002hq (0.74) 2002kd (0.735) 2002fx (~1.8) 2003al (0.91) 2002ke (0.578) 2002kc (0.214) 2002hr (0.526) 2002fy (0.88) 2002ht (?) CDFS 2003dz (0.48) 2003er (0.63) 2003be (0.64) 2003dx (0.46) 2003bb (0.89) 2003bc (0.51) 2003ew (0.66) 2003eu (0.76) 2003ba (0.47) 2002kh (0.71) 2003et (0.83) 2003en (0.54) 2003es (0.968) 2003en (0.54) 2003dy (1.37) 2003ea (0.89) Vilas (0.86) 2003eb (0.92) 2003bd (0.67) 2003eq (0.85) 2002kl (0.39) 2003az (1.27) 2002ki (1.14) HDFN

10 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Aphrodite: ACS Delivers! Aphrodite (z=1.3) ACS grism spectrum NICMOS F110W ACS F850lp viz

11 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Images Subtractions discovery Thoth: Hidden by its Host red, elliptical host z=1.3

12 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Gilgamesh z=1.6 ACS f850lp NICMOS F110W F160W discovery~+10 days ~+20 days

13 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 HST: Crucial for z > 1! Ground-based z=1.06 z=1.20 HST+ACS: z=1.30

14 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 The New SN Ia Hubble Diagram 97ff 6 of the 7 highest redshift SNIa

15 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 The Cosmic Acceleration Persists

16 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 … and the Contours for  Shrink.

17 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 The Nature of Dark Energy isWhat is this stuff??? Three clues: –Quantity  (flat?) –Quality w (-1?) –Constancy dw/dt (0?) w w present acceleration past deceleration

18 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 SNIa Progenitors and Gestation Dahlen et al. 2004Strolger et al. 2004 Still a big mystery!

19 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Progress on Dark Energy using SNIa Essential for –w 0, w’ constraints –Progess in systematics: Host galaxies Colors (rest frame UV) SNxx contamination Spectra Evolution –Progenitors and IC’s Want >10,000, need 1000 Wide field, optical colors Essential for –w 0, w’ constraints –Immunity to systematics Want 300, need 30 Use z, J, H, and grism Challenge is improving search efficiency z > 1 HST only z < 1 Ground based z d 1

20 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Ground-based Searches Project Start - End GPixHarvestClrsSampling Essence CTIO 4m 2001 - 2005 0.06 40 per yr 2 2 week campaign CFHTLS CFHT 3.6m 2003 - 2008 0.4 200 per yr 3 2 week campaign Pan-STARRS Telescope #1 2006 - 2007 1 100 per mo 5 Every 4 days Pan-STARRS2007 -4 1000 per mo 5 Every 4 days

21 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 SNIa Distances without Redshifts Barris et al. 2004

22 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 SNIa Distances without Redshifts Barris et al. 2004

23 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 The Near Future with HST 270 Orbits in Cycle 13 P.I. Riess (STScI) PANS: Probing Acceleration Now with Supernovae “Importance of Supernovae at z > 1.5 to Probe Dark Energy” Linder and Huterer 2003

24 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 The Nature of Dark Energy, II Cosmological Constant –Consistent with the observations at 1-  –All theorists hate it –PANS will make life very interesting for theorists! w

25 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Hubble Ultra-Wide-Field Imager Performance: –90 min 2 = 8 x ACS, same sensitivity –Expect 1 SNIa per pointing per orbit –efficient, continuous search possible HUFI (90 arcmin 2 ) Pick Off Mirror M3 M1 Corrector Mechanism Filter Mechanism Shutter Mechanism CCD Heat Pipes M1 Calibration Door Mechanism

26 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Three Futures No servicing; HST dies in 2008 –Our ~30 SNIa at z>1 remain a legacy for next 10 years of ground based observation (restricted to z<1) –  (  DE, w 0, w’) = (0.1, 0.3, 0.8) HST sleeps in 2007; RM1 in 2009; WFC3 installed –Search CDF and HDF with WF3 / IR. Find SNIa at 1.3 < z < 2.0 at a rate of one per 10 – 20 orbits? ACS parallels? JWST??? –  (  DE, w 0, w’) = (0.05, 0.2, 0.4) RM2 in 2012 to prove robotics technology for NASA –HUFI-red finds SNIa at 1.0 < z < 1.8 at a rate of 1 – 2 per orbit, IR light curves from WF3 and JWST, redshifts from JWST –  (  DE, w 0, w’) = (0.05, 0.1, 0.2)

27 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 JDEM/SNAP? ~2015-2020 SDSS ESSENCE C F H T L HST/PANS Kait/SN Factory Phase Space of Supernova Dark Energy Surveys Current Published SNe Panstars/LSST?

28 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Supernova Systematics Uninteresting (avoidable) –Photometry error (0.03  0.01) –UV SEDs (0.05  0.00) –Poor LC coverage (0.04  0.00) –Host extinction (0.06  0.03) Interesting (intrinsic) –SN1a: progenitor, initial conditions, trigger (z) –Host extinction and properties (z) –Gravitational lensing (z) –Transparency of IGM (z)

29 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Hoeflich et al. Niemeyer et al. Turbulent flame consuming a white dwarf Luminosity-decline rate Spectra Theoretical Models for SNIa

30 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 What Causes the Diversity? Progenitors may have different –Mass (luminosity ~ 56 Ni mass) –Metallicity (Z   n   56 Ni  ) –Age ( 22 Ne sedimentation?) –Binary companion (???) –Mass transfer mechanism (???) Explosion may have different –Trigger mechanism (???) –Propagation (deflagration/detonation, “weather”, etc) Good news: –Chandresekhar mass and NSE make explosions quite uniform (~50% and 1 parameter gets us to ~20%) Bad news: –Plenty of room for unknown systematics at the 2% level

31 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Z = 0.5 Offsets from Empty Universe

32 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Z = 1.5 Offsets from Empty Universe

33 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Z  (m-M) 0.5 0.13 +/- 0.05 SNIa at z = 0.5

34 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Z  (m-M) 1.0 0.00 +/- 0.08 SNIa at z = 1.0

35 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Z  (m-M) 1.5 -0.10 +/- 0.10 (speculative!) SNIa at z = 1.5

36 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Z  (m-M) 0.5 0.13 +/- 0.05 1.0 0.00 +/- 0.08 SNIa at 0.5 < z < 1.0

37 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 z v b i SN Ia SN II Color Selection: An example b v i z SN Ia UV deficit

38 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Color Discrimination

39 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 SN Ia Spectra at High-z ACS indicates Ca II @ 3750 A See Riess et al 2003, astro-ph 0308185, and Blakeslee et al 2003, ApJ #1 #2 #3

40 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Expansion Kinematics (How Long Has This Been Going On?) z~0.3-0.6, ~5 GYR ago present acceleration past deceleration

41 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 SNIa Progenitors and Gestation Strolger et al. 2004 SNIa appear to sleep for 4 Gyr before explosion!

42 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Fall 2001 Continuous Search Barris et al. 2004

43 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Distance and Redshift from SNIa Photometry Alone Barris et al. 2004

44 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Pan-STARRS Reference Mission ModePSYAreaCad.SSB/grizY SS NEO 1.1d 0.2b 7000 h/d/ m 27.5 300 SS KBO 1.0d 0.2b 33 hdm y 26.5 60 Var. 0.8d 0.8b 133 4 min 29.4 22000 28.8 7400 28.7 4400 25.1 4400 33 1.3d 2.5b 33 14d 26.1 30 25.8 30 25.6 60 24.1 20 22.5 30 Med. Deep 0.6d 0.9b 12004d 27.3 271 27.2 460 27.5 1200 25.2 1900 24.2 600 Ultra Deep 0.5d 0.7b 284d 29.3 10000 29.2 18000 28.2 6300 27.2 6700 26.2 26000 5-  limit (AB) Total int. (min)

45 Hubble Symposium 5 May 04 Science with Pan-STARRS Moving Object Science –NEO – Near Earth Object threat –OSS/MBO – Main Belt and Other Solar System science –KBO – Kuiper Belt Objects –SOL – Solar Neighborhood (parallaxes and proper motions) Static and Invariable Object Science –WL – Weak Lensing –LSS – Large Scale Structure –LSB – Low Surface Brightness and dwarf galaxies –SPH – Spheroid formation –EGGS – Extragalactic and Galactic Stellar science Transient and Variable Object Science –AGN – Active Galactic Nuclei –SNE – Supernovae –GRB – Gamma Ray Bursts and afterglows –EXO – Exoplanets (from occulation) –YSO – Young Stellar Objects –VAR – Variability Science (especially stars) TGBN (Things that go Bump in the Night)