ITC's Market Analysis Tools and trade analysis

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1 ITC's Market Analysis Tools and trade analysis
Introduction ITC's Market Analysis Tools and trade analysis

2 What is ITC? The forum to negotiate multilateral trade rules, monitor their implementation and handle trade disputes The UN body for design of policy recommendations to achieve economic and social development through trade and investment. ITC works with local and regional institutions and businesspeople to promote exports and trade. Mission ITC enables small business export success in developing countries by providing, with partners, trade development solutions to the private sector, trade support institutions and policy-makers

3 ITC activities One One Many ITC Development Outcomes Activities
Export Impact for Good Generating sustainable incomes and livelihoods especially for poor households, by connecting enterprises to global markets ITC Development Outcomes Business and Trade Policy Export Strategy Trade Intelligence Trade Support Institution Exporter Competitiveness Activities Policy Makers Trade Support Institutions Business Community ITC Clients Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Exporters ITC Beneficiaries One One Many

4 ITC organisational chart

5 MAR activities I. Market Analysis Tools II. Tailored Analysis
III. Capacity Building and Training Trade Map Trade Competitiveness Assessment Introduction to Market Analysis Market Access Map Export Potential Assessment Preparation of Market Profiles Investment Map Export Opportunity Scan Training–of–Trainers Trade Competitiveness Map Sector Competitiveness Scan Mentoring for Tailored Analyses Customised analyses Face-to-face and E-training Customised training

6 Workshop objectives Understand some of the main trends in the current global trade environment Introduce ITC's Market Analysis Tools and become knowledgeable in their use Gain an insight into how these tools can facilitate trade analysis

7 ...of the current trading environment
Some trends... ...of the current trading environment

8 $13,700,000,000,000 or $420,000 per second Trade is enormous...
Trade in goods in 2007 $13,700,000,000,000 or $420,000 per second Globalization has accelerated over the last 20 years The volume of trade as a percentage of global GDP has more than doubled since 1960

9 ...and it's more dynamic than the economy...
World Trade vs. GDP Growth For the period, exports grew by 2.7 percentage points faster than real gross domestic product (GDP). Source: WTO

10 ... but it's not immune to the downturn...
Annual Growth of Imports by Level of Development of Countries Source: ITC Trade Map 10

11 ...although downturn is not uniform...
GDP and merchandise trade by region, Annual % change at constant prices Source: WTO

12 ... and 2009 will be a tough year Growth of trade volumes Annual % change Developing country exports World trade Source: World Bank, Global Economic Prospects 2009

13 Global trade patterns are changing...
Trade flows within regions account for a higher share of world trade than flows between regions Asia Pacific & EU trade more within the region However many regions trade more with other regions than internally: Africa, South and Central America, Middle East and CIS 13

14 ...with developing countries gaining ground...
Share of Global Trade by Level of Development % of Total Trade Source: ITC analysis based on world trade statistics

15 ...and "south-south" trade growing fast...
Top 25 markets for developing countries Source: ITC Trade Map

16 …but mostly intra-region…
Asia Pacific Intra-Trade: $ 1’121bn or 55% of S-S Trade $ 66bn $ 50bn $ 45bn $ 109bn $ 256bn Latin America $ 10bn Africa Intra-Trade: $126bn or 6% of S-S Trade Intra-Trade: $27 bn or 1% of S-S Trade $ 7bn $ 8bn $ 16bn $ 109bn Comments: -Asia trades more within its region than with other regions -However, Africa, South and Central America, the Middle East and CIS regions trade more with other regions than within their regions Middle East and Arab $ 6bn $ 12bn Intra-Trade: $62bn or 3% of S-S Trade Total 2007 S-S Trade: $2’157 billion Source: ITC

17 The mix of products traded is changing...
Global trade by type of commodity % of total trade Source: ITC Trade Map 17

18 ... but not all sectors are equally successful
Top export industries for high-performance developing countries (but not from struggling developing countries) Top export industries for struggling developing countries (but not from struggling developing countries) Electrical, electronic equipment Cotton Machinery, boilers, etc. Wood and art of wood, wood charcoal Precision instruments Other made textile articles, worn clothing Plastics and articles thereof Fish, crustaceans, mulluscs Organic chemicals Edible vegetables, roots & tubers Articles of iron and steel Edible fruits, nuts, melons Copper and articles thereof Raw hides, skins, leather Furniture, lighting, prefab buildings Cereals Toys, games, sports requisites Cocoa & cocoa preparations Ships, boats Coffee, tea, mate and spices Footwear, gaiters, parts thereof Nickel and articles thereof The best performing exports from developing country exporters tend to be manufactured products, as opposed to commodities 18

19 …partly due to commodities prices…
Real prices of internationally traded commodity prices in developing countries CPI-deflated Indices, Jan. 2000=100 Energy Food Under recession pressure, commodities (or stocks or bonds) move in cycles, with highs and lows coming at periodic intervals. Metals and minerals Source:World Bank, Global Economic Prospects 2009

20 Trade in services grows quickly...
Trade in Services as % of GDP 1975 – 2007 Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

21 ...significantly due to FDI...
In spite of quick growth in traded value, over the past 30 years the share of services, excluding Mode 3 (commercial presence), in global trade has been quite stable around 20% BUT, Mode 3 is not captured in current trade in services statistics FDI data shows that more than half of FDI flows are in the services sector FDI keeps on growing globally... 21

22 …which is ever more important
FDI as % of World GDP 1985 – 2007 Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

23 Market access issues are changing:
Trade agreements proliferate... Number of Existing Trade Agreements 1960 – 2007 All countries, all types of agreements Regional and bilateral trade agreements have proliferated and the complexity of these agreements and multilateral negotiations has increased substantially Source: WTO 23

24 … reducing tariffs… Applied MFN Tariffs, All Products, By Level of Income Source: World Trade Indicators, World Bank

25 … and making NTMs more important
NTM Frequency By Level of Income, 2001 leaving non-tariff measures (NTMs) and other barriers as the major obstacles to trade Source: World Trade Indicators, World Bank

26 Business environment matters…
Source: World Bank Doing Business Report 2009

27 ...because it affects trade, inter alia
Source: World Trade Indicators 2008, World Bank 27

28 Register to access ITC’s Market Analysis Tools

29 Free to users from developing countries
Thanks to financial contributions from ITC's Global Trust Fund and the World Bank, as of the 1st January 2008, all users from developing countries and territories may access ITC's market analysis tools free of charge.

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32 Free to users from developing countries

33 A web-based trade flow analysis tool
Trade Map A web-based trade flow analysis tool

34 Introduction An exporter of pineapples is looking to diversify its client base…Which country should be targeted? A shoe exporter needs an overview of trade barriers he/she would face for exports to Malaysia… A trade mission needs to know our top export products to Germany… Where could you import automotive components from? Who are the largest suppliers in your region? What is the current trade between your country and the United States? Initial answers to these questions and many more are easily found in Trade Map

35 Trade Map Online application to produce reports on international trade flows Every product (HS-6) to and from (almost) every country Based on probably the largest trade flow database in the world User-friendly interface, report-ready outputs Flexibility for customising reports, analysis Graphic presentation of outputs to facilitate analysis

36 Key characteristics Where does the data come from?
National Authorities COMTRADE, produced by the United Nations Statistics Division database What is Trade Map’s geographical coverage? Information for over 220 countries and territories using data reported by 160 countries and territories Data for non-reporting countries is spawned from mirror statistics What is Trade Map’s product coverage? For the Harmonized System over 5,300 products at the 6 digit level For the National Tariff Line up to 30,000 products for 90 countries (~84% of world trade) What is Trade Map’s time horizon? Yearly, quarterly and monthly data

37 Data classification The Harmonized System (HS)
Is used as a basis for the collection of Custom duties and international trade statistics by almost all countries, representing about 98% of world trade Developed by the World Customs Organisation – WCO ( Implemented late 1980s. Harmonised different existing nomenclatures Adopted by almost all countries in the world Basis for all trade conversations internationally Main revisions in 1996 and 2007

38 Data classification The Harmonized System (HS)
Is a numerical classification system of products used as a basis for international trade statistics by almost all countries. is harmonized up to six digits (HS-6) - You can compare HS data between countries. Is broken down into 3 clusters: HS-2: the chapter of the good (sector) E.g. 09 = Coffee, Tea, Mate and Spices HS-4: groupings within the chapter (sub-sector) E.g = Tea, whether or not flavoured HS-6: product(s) within the grouping (product level) E.g = Green tea (not fermented) HS-2 HS-4 HS-6 More and more specific

39 Data classification National Tariff Lines (NTL) codes
Classification of goods after the 6 digit level of the Harmonized System classification. National Tariff Lines go from 8 digits to 12 digits. Why use the HS and NTL classification? The HS classification is standardised internationally The NTL classification is not standardised internationally. Each country decides its own further classification after the Harmonized System. Hence, National Tariff Line codes can be different from a country to another. HS-2 HS-4 HS-6 NTL More and more specific

40 HS (International standard)
Data classification HS (International standard) 08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons. 08.04 Dates, figs, pineapples, avocados, guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh or dried. Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens. Australia Fresh or dried guavas, mangoes and mangosteens Japan Mangoes, fresh Guavas and mangosteens, fresh United States: Mangoes, fresh, if entered during the period from September 1, in any year, to the following May 31, inclusive Guavas and mangosteens, fresh, if entered during the period from June 1 to August 31, of the following year, inclusive Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, dried NTL (NON standard)

41 Information on tariffs and other market access conditions
Market Access Map Information on tariffs and other market access conditions

42 Market Access Information on market access conditions allows exporters to: Evaluate the competitiveness of the product relative to suppliers from other countries under different tariff schemes Select markets/market segments in which the product has the best prospects Adapt, where necessary, the product to conform to the target market’s import regulations

43 Types of tariffs Ad valorem tariffs: Levied on the basis of the value
Used by most countries; more than 87% of tariffs worldwide are ad valorem

44 Tariff per unit = Price * Rate
Ad valorem tariffs E.g. Australian tariff of 5% on imported wine ( ) New Zealand wine: AUD 6 / litre French wine: AUD 8 / litre Tariff per unit = Price * Rate Tariff paid: AUD 0.30 /litre Tariff paid: AUD 0.40 /litre

45 Types of tariffs Ad valorem tariffs: Specific tariffs:
Levied on the basis of the value Used by most countries: more than 87% of tariffs worldwide are ad valorem Specific tariffs: Levied on the basis of volume or weight Users of specific tariffs include (% of MFN tariff lines): Switzerland (79.8%), Thailand (21.9%), Russia (12.2%), Argentina (12.1%), Belarus (11.9%), USA (8.2%), EU (4.6%)

46 Specific tariffs change relative prices
E.g. Switzerland's tariff on beef of CHF18 / kilo ( ) Before border CHF3 / kg beef CHF12 / kg Argentine prime quality beef The prime beef is 4 times the price of the low quality beef, but also 4 times the quality After the border = 600% ad valorem equivalent CHF21 / kg regular beef CHF30 / kg Argentine prime quality beef The prime beef is now only 1.4 times the price of the low quality beef, but still 4 times the quality =150% ad valorem equivalent CHF18 specific tariff per kilo At border

47 Types of tariffs Ad valorem tariffs: Specific tariffs:
Levied on the basis of the value Used by most countries: more than 87% of tariffs worldwide are ad valorem Specific tariffs: Levied on the basis of volume or weight Users of specific tariffs include (% of MFN tariff lines): Switzerland (79.8%), Thailand (21.9%), Russia (12.2%), Argentina (12.1%), Belarus (11.9%), USA (8.2%), EU (4.6%) Combined tariffs: Contain both ad valorem and specific rates Eg: 10% of the value + $2 per kilogram (Japan, EU, Canada)

48 Compound tariffs + USD528/ton Specific USD528 Tariff
E.g. USA tariff on chocolate of 4.3% and USD528 / ton ( ) Chocolate from Switzerland: USD 6,356 / ton Chocolate from Brazil: USD 3,181 / ton Tariff: 4.3% Ad Valorem USD273 Tariff + USD528/ton Specific USD528 Tariff Tariff = USD801 AVE = 13% Tariff: 4.3% Ad Valorem USD137 Tariff + USD528/ton Specific USD528 Tariff Tariff = USD665 AVE = 21%

49 Types of tariffs Mixed tariffs:
Minimum or maximum of two kinds of tariffs Eg: Min or Max (10%, $2/kg) (Canada, EU, Japan) Example of a mixed tariff. If we face a mixed tariff where we pay the maximum of 10% or $2 then if we export cheese worth $100 /kg, then the tariff we’d pay would be $10. If the cheese were worth $10 /kg then instead of the 10% tariff, we’d pay the specific $2 tariff.

50 Mixed tariffs Manolo Blahnik shoes: USD1,000 /pair
e.g. Japanese tariff on shoes: Max. of 30% or JPY4,300 Yen / pair Manolo Blahnik shoes: USD1,000 /pair Clark's shoes: USD30 /pair Tariff: the maximum of 30% Ad Valorem USD300 Tariff Or JPY4,300/pair (USD36) Specific USD36 Tariff Tariff = USD300 AVE= 30% Tariff = USD36 AVE= 120% Tariff: the maximum of 30% Ad Valorem USD9 Tariff Or JPY4,300/pair (USD36) Specific USD36 Tariff

51 Types of tariffs Mixed tariffs: Variable tariffs:
Minimum or maximum of two kinds of tariffs Eg: Min or Max (10%, $2/kg) (Canada, EU, Japan) Variable tariffs: Levied on the basis of the composition of the products Eg: USD5/unit if lead content of paint > 2% on toys USD200/unit on fridges if cooling system is not CFC-free Example of a mixed tariff. If we face a mixed tariff where we pay the maximum of 10% or $2 then if we export cheese worth $100 /kg, then the tariff we’d pay would be $10. If the cheese were worth $10 /kg then instead of the 10% tariff, we’d pay the specific $2 tariff.

52 Types of tariffs Mixed tariffs: Variable tariffs: Tariff quotas:
minimum or maximum of two kinds of tariffs Eg: Min or Max (10%, $2/kg) (Canada, EU, Japan) Variable tariffs: Levied on the basis of the composition of the products Eg: USD5/unit if lead content of paint > 2% on toys USD200/unit on fridges if cooling system is not CFC-free Tariff quotas: A two tiered tariff. A lower in-quota tariff is applied to the first Q units of imports and a higher over-quota tariff is applied to all subsequent imports. Example of a mixed tariff. If we face a mixed tariff where we pay the maximum of 10% or $2 then if we export cheese worth $100 /kg, then the tariff we’d pay would be $10. If the cheese were worth $10 /kg then instead of the 10% tariff, we’d pay the specific $2 tariff.

53 MAcMap includes ad valorem equivalents
Ad Valorem Equivalents – AVE: Are a common measure of the effect of the different types of tariff on the product, as if they were all ad valorem. Are calculated for specific, mixed, compound or variable tariffs and anti-dumping rates and countervailing duties Are calculated by: AVE = Particular Tariff per Unit Unit Value Allow for regional or sectoral tariffs to be added and compared Allow for comparison of effective levels of protection across countries. The total AVE is the sum of all individual ad valorem equivalents

54 Common types of trade agreements
Partial Scope Agreement: reduces trade restrictions between partner countries for a few products Free Trade Zone/Agreement/Area: eliminates trade barriers within the zone (FTA, RTA, etc.) Customs Union: free trade zone + common external tariff Common Market: customs union + free flow of factors of production within region (capital, labour) Economic Union: unification/harmonization of economic policies: monetary policy, fiscal policy, regulatory regimes…

55 Number of Free Trade Agreements 1960 – 2007
Proliferation of FTAs Number of Free Trade Agreements 1960 – 2007 Source: World Trade Organization

56 EU existing trade regimes
GSP NMF OMC EBA Maldives China Qatar U.A.E Bahrain Afghanistan Djibouti Bangladesh Kuwait Oman Saudi Arabia Yemen Ethiopia Benin Macao Sudan Senegal Somalia Togo Australia Bhutan GSP+ Congo Dem.Rep. Nepal Eq. Guinea Angola New Zealand Honduras Kiribati Chad Gambia Mauritania Laos Burkina Faso Panama United States Myanmar* El Salvador Canada Cape Verde Guinea-Bissau Samoa Sao Tome Sierra Leone Georgia Guinea Cuba Japan Malawi Niger Mali Ctrl. Afr. Rep. Pakistan Guatemala Hong Kong Tuvalu Armenia Eritrea Nicaragua Vanuatu Interim EPA Cambodia Argentina Mongolia Singapore Taiwan Korea, Rep. Lesotho India Costa Rica East Timor Mozambique EU-EAC Brazil Paraguay Madagascar Zambia Uganda Sri Lanka Bolivia Liberia Rwanda EEA Burundi Norway Comoros EU-CARIFORUM Haiti Solomon Isl. Tanzania Uruguay Venezuela Peru Iceland Ecuador Grenada Liechtenstein Jamaica Guyana Belize Kenya Gabon Colombia Greenland Bahamas Suriname Barbados Dominica Trinidad Guam Fiji Nigeria Bilateral Switzerland St. Vincent St. Kitts St. Lucia Tonga Papua NG Montserrat Antigua Dominican Rep. Namibia Congo Mexico Albania Chile Croatia Palau Nauru Swaziland Ukraine San Marino Ivory Coast South Africa Macedonia F. Polynesia Botswana Kyrgyzstan Cook Is. Mauritius Ghana Andorra Vietnam Euro-Med Bosnia Micronesia Seychelles Zimbabwe Cameroon Marshall Is. Brunei Tokelau Imagine if you are trying to find out the tariffs that your country faces in the EU relative to your competitor countries. Well, here are all the countries in the world (except the 27 Member States of the EU). Some of them are members of the WTO and therefore get the MFN rate.  Some of them are developing countries. So they benefit from the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), which is a non-reciprocal preference granted by the EU to developing countries. Within this framework some countries benefit of the General GSP, others of the GSP+ and least-developed countries (LDC) of the Everything But Arms (EBA) schemes. Under the GSP+ countries receive better preference than under the general GSP; in this framework countries part of the Andean Community –CAN (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) and the Central American Common Market –CACM (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua) have preferential access to the EU market. LDCs are granted duty-quota-free to all products except arms and ammunitions (chapter 93 of the HS), and rice and sugar were special rules apply. In addition to that the EU grants bilateral and non-reciprocal preferences to another sub set of developing countries; preferences that are even more important than under the GSP+. Countries benefiting of these are Moldova, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosia and Montenegro (the last two also have a free trade agreement with the EU) In top of the above a sub set of GSP beneficiaries can also request preferential access under the interim EPA (European Partnership Agreement), signed after the expiration of the Cotonou Agreement (31 December 2007). Although EPA negotiations have take place with the different country groups part of the African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) region, The agreement has only been signed by some countries.. For most countries the final EPA is still under negotiation. And then there are 7 countries that can decide to request preferences under the GSP or in the framework of bilateral trade agreements that they have sign with the EU under the umbrella of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. These countries are Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Other countries with which the EU has bilateral agreements and that are part of the Euro-Med are Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and Turkey t(he EU-Turkey is an agreement to become a custom union) Other countries having the possibility to request preferentuial access under a different regime than the GSP are México and South Africa. The countries have signed, individually, free trade agreements with the EU and are still part of the general GSP. Beside these agreements, and outside the framework of the GSP, the EU has bilateral trade agreement with Bosnia, Chile, Croatia, and many other countries. In the developed world, the EU has a free trade agreement with Switzerland and is an integral part of the European Economic Area which includes Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.  And that is just the EU and the systems of preferences. So imagine the complexity when we look to the whole world… Philippines Turkey Others non-reciprocal Moldova Cayman Is. Antartica Bermuda Malaysia Jordan Egypt Libya Thailand Israel Serbia Aruba Am. Samoa St. Piere. Azerbaijan Indonesia Tunisia Mayotte Belarus* Morocco Kosovo St. Helena Gibraltar Niue Iran Iraq Uzbekistan Russia Turkmenistan Syria Palestine Norfolk Is. Pitcairn Anguilla Turks Tajikistan Kazakhstan Wallis Cocos Is. McDonald Is. B.I.O.T. Algeria Montenegro N. Mariana Is. New Caledonia Bouvet Is. Christmas Is. Netherlands Antilles S. Sandwich Is. Falkland Is. Lebanon EAC East African Community EBA Everything but arms EEA European Economic Area SGP Sistema General de Preferecias Euro-Med Euro-Mediterranean Partnership * Belarus and Myanmar (LDC) are temporarily suspended from the GSP regime

57 Implications Almost every country in the world is member to an ever increasing number of trade agreements Every trade agreement has its own rules of origin It is difficult to keep up-to-date on what tariffs are applied and faced by your country and your competitor countries It is confusing to understand what are the best conditions you face to access one specific market It is key to have more clarity and transparency on what tariffs and rules of origin apply to specific products in specific markets

58 Features of MAcMap Wide geographical coverage:
tariffs applied by 169 countries to the products exported by over 200 countries and territories Wide coverage of instruments: ad-valorem tariffs; specific tariffs; tariff quotas and antidumping duties Preferences: Covers most bilateral and regional agreements Rules of Origin and Certificates of origin also included for most agreements Analytical flexibility: Permits any analysis: by region, by economic sector or by measure

59 MAcMap: sources of data
Market Access Map is continuously updated. Data is sourced from: Applied tariff data is collected by ITC directly from national customs institutions Tariff quota data from WTO (agricultural notification of tariff quota) and national sources for bilateral and regional tariff quota agreements Trade data from national sources, IDB (integrated database), WTO and the COMTRADE database of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).

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61 For an improved identification of opportunities for FDI attraction
Investment Map For an improved identification of opportunities for FDI attraction

62 What is it? An interactive tool that combines statistics on FDI, international trade, tariffs and information on foreign affiliates for better investment targeting and promotion A joint undertaking Between the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the International Trade Centre (UNCTAD/WTO) In partnership with: Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA)

63 Main features Integrates data on
FDI flows and stocks Trade flows Tariffs Information on activities of foreign affiliates in developing countries Presents data and analyses in multi-functional dimensions and graphs Links to other related resources: UNCTAD World Investment Directory and Investment Compass World Bank and third party indicators on business environment World Bank privatisation database

64 Geographic coverage Total FDI flows and stocks for around 80 countries and territories FDI flows and stocks partially classified by up to 150 industries (ISIC rev 3) covering goods and services in approximately 60 developing and transition economies Trade and tariff data covering over 180 countries and territories Information on the location, sales, employment and parent company for around 74,000 foreign affiliates in developing countries

65 Sources of Data Foreign Direct Investment: UNCTAD and ITC
Trade data: Trade Map (ITC) Tariffs: Market Access Map (ITC) Activities on Foreign Affiliates: Dun & Bradstreet Database

66 Data limitations FDI Foreign affiliates
International reporting practices (IMF BOPMV; OECD,2004) are not followed uniformly Countries that report often do so with considerable time lag FDI data are affected by: Identification of ultimate owner Valuation problems of FDI stocks Round-tripped investment and transhipped investment Foreign affiliates Data on foreign affiliates vary from country to country Data available ONLY for developing countries Dependant on quality of business registration information

67 Data limitations Different data classifications:
FDI data cannot always be allocated accurately to a given industry or a given country Investment flows may fall under multiple activities Foreign affiliates are based on the United States nomenclature, US SIC87. Its conversion to the ISIC nomenclature can only be approximative Trade data (HS 6 digit level) are converted into the ISIC classification.

68 Measuring FDI FDI flows
Are the total amount of FDI undertaken over a given period of time (quarter, year), and they comprise: Net sales of shares with the parent company (10% participation threshold) Net intra-company loans (short- and long- term) with the parent company Reinvested earnings of a foreign affiliate in the host country Sources: Central Banks and/or Statistical offices

69 Measuring FDI FDI stocks
Are the total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets at a given time, and they comprise: The value of the share of their capital and reserves belonging to foreign companies The net indebtedness with the parent companies Sources: Balance sheets or enterprise surveys

70 Measuring FDI Stocks and flows are related over time:
Stockt = Stockt-1 + Flowt Flowt = Stockt – Stockt-1 Flow Stock Flow

71 Measuring FDI Flows are named according to the OWNERSHIP or Origin of the money, not the direction of the flow: INflows = FOREIGN money OUTflows = DOMESTIC money

72 Structure of tool Module 1: Identify industries for inward investment
Foreign Direct Investment: e.g. inflows, stocks, changes, etc Foreign affiliates: e.g. number of affiliates, number of employees, leading parent company and investor country, addresses, etc International Trade: e.g. exports, imports, changes, etc Tariffs: Maximum, minimum and average tariff faced and applied, etc Module 2: Identify competing locations Similar information for competing locations for a specific industry Module 3: Identify investor countries Similar information for the main investor countries for a specific industry Module 4: Analyse investor profile Similar information classified per industry for any specific investor country

73 When in doubt... http://www.intracen.org/MAT
Contains: Video tutorials User guides FAQs

74 Workshop evaluation http://www.intracen.org/mas/usersfeedback.htm
And click on Online Survey Or go directly to