THE ENTEROBACTERIA  Belongs to Fam.Enterobacteriaceae - Cause Intestinal tract infections of animals & man animals & man -Characteristics: parasitic.

Presentation on theme: "THE ENTEROBACTERIA  Belongs to Fam.Enterobacteriaceae - Cause Intestinal tract infections of animals & man animals & man -Characteristics: parasitic."— Presentation transcript:

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3 THE ENTEROBACTERIA  Belongs to Fam.Enterobacteriaceae - Cause Intestinal tract infections of animals & man animals & man -Characteristics: parasitic upon animals & widely distributed in nature MORPHOLOGI : Gram -, rods, motil, flagella are peritrichous, not produce spores. GROWTH REQUIREMENTS : Grow well on artificial media Attack CarbohydratesAcid /Acid & Gas Produce nitrites from nitrates

4 FAM.ENTEROBACTERIACEAE consist of numerous genera:  ESCHERICHIA  AEROBACTER  PARACOLOBAC TERIUM  KLEBSIELLA  SERRATIA  PROTEUS  SHIGELLA  SALMONELLA  ALGINOBACTER  CITROBACTER  ERWINIA

5 THE 6 IMPORTANT GENERA IN VETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY:  ESGHERISHIA  AEROBACTER  KLEBSIELLA  PROTEUS  SALMONELLA  SHIGELLA

6 The Genus ESCHERICHIA Commonly found in normal intestinal tract (flora normal) of man & animals 4 species of Escherichia are: E.coli, E.aurescens, E.freundii & E.intermedium

7 E.COLI  M0RPHOLOGY:  Short rod (0,5 by 1-3 u in size)  Motile peritrichous flagella  Readily stained, Gram negative

8 GROWTH REQUIREMENTS : AerobIc & fakultatif anaerobic The optimum temperature : 37,5º C (15º - 45ºC) pH: 7 Identification media: EMB (Eosine Methylene Blue) The colonies formed:blackish centers & a metallic sheen In Mac Conkey Agar red colonies RESISTANCE: Destroy by 60ºC in 30 minutes, heat resistance strain may survive In freezer 95% are destroyed in 2 hours

9 E. coli

10 Not resistance to desinfektants & drying BIOCHEMICAL & PROPERTIES: Lactose fermented Attack Carbohydrates Acid & Gas MR +, katalase +, Indol + Reduces Nitrates, does not produce H 2 S ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE: 3 Antigens are : O,K & H K Ag : at the cell wall O Ag : in the body cell H Ag : at the flagella

11 PATHOGENECITY: Produce Toksin Enterotoksin Cause the disease in calf Calf dysentri =White scour /Coli bacillosis In chicken cause Hjarre´s disease/Coli granuloma A specific granuloma-like condition was found along the Intestinal tract A specific granuloma-like condition was found along the Intestinal tract IMMUNITY: + Natural infection results Antibodies Immune serum has been proven effective in treating infected calves Immunization : Bacterins are used for immunization against white scour DIAGNOSIS: ISOLATION & IDENTIFICATION fecal specimens fecal specimens Mac Conkey Mac Conkey lactose fermented non lactose fermented lactose fermented non lactose fermented red colonypale colony Escherichia,Klebsiella, AerobacterSalmonella,Shigella,Proteus In. EMB: metallic green E.coli TSIA Urea Agar Salm : Alcaline/Ac. Proteus : + Shig : Ac./Ac. Salm : -

12 DIFFERENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE GenusGlucoseLactoseMRVPCapsuleFlagella AcidGasAcidGas Escherichia+++++--+ Aerobacter++++-+±± Klebsiella+++++-+- Proteus++--+--+ Salmonella++--+--± Shigella+---+---

13 GENUS SALMONELLA MORPHOLOGY: Gram negative rods, motile (peritrichous flagella), some strains are non motil BIOCHEMICAL & PROPERTIES: Produce Acid + Gas from glucosa,maltosa,mannitol, sorbitol Coagulate milk Liquefy gelatin

14 Salmonella & its colony Salmonella & its colony

15 PATHOGENECITY: Cause the disease of digestive tract 3 types of the disease: Enteric fever (fever type) Septicaemia Gastro enteritis Genus Salmonella cause digestive tract infection are: Genus Salmonella which not cause digestive tract infection are: Salmonella abortivo ovis ABORTION Salmonella abortivo equine Salmonella species has a primary host e.g.: S.cholera suis is primarily pathogenic to pigs it also could cause the disease in other animals it also could cause the disease in other animals

16 Except Salmonella typhosa is pathogenic only to man The similar characteristic of S.schotmuelleri & S.typhimurium are in Carbohydrate fermentation & H 2 S production, so this organism belong to one species. The difference: S.schotmuelleri man S.schotmuelleri man PRIMARY HOST OF S.typhimurium animals S.typhimurium animals

17 ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE: O Ag : Somatic O Antigen found in the body cell H Ag : Flagellar H Antigen found at flagella Except: S.pullorum & S.gallinarum flagella – H Ag – H Ag – SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION: - P.O - Carrier - Transovarial (in poultry) MORPHPLOGY: - Rods,motile, Gram -, kapsul -,spora- G ROWTH REQUIREMENTS & CHARACTERISTICS: Aerobe & Fakultative anaerobe

18 RESISTANCE: Heating at 60º C for 20‘ kills organism The organism is easily destroy by disinfektants (such chlorine) BIOCHEMICAL & PROPERTIES: Ferment Carbohydrate A + G Reduces nitrates Increasingly alkaline reaction (pH) in litmus milk PATHOGENECITY: Produce fatal & acute endotoxin Cause of acute & fatal intestinal infections in calves, sheep, horses, chickens,pigeons,guinea pig.

19 In calves: Fatal enteritis In sheep: Abortion SALMONELLA ABORTIVO EQUINA The organism causes abortion in mares & bovine INFECTION : - P.O - Seksual MORPHOLOGY : It’s typical of the group GROWTH REQUIREMNTS & CHARACTERISTICS: Aerobic & Facultatively anaerobic S colony : not produce pellicle R colony : produce pellicle

20 RESIRSTANCE: similar with other members of the group BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: TSIA: Alkaline A+G, H 2 S ± PATHOGENECITY: Salmonella abortivo equinacauses abortion in mares produce endotoxin IMMUNITY: + Vaccination (bacterin) was given during the fourth & ninth months of pregnancy

21 DIAGNOSIS: -Isolation & identification from the aborted fetus & vaginal exudat -The agglutination test SALMONELLA ABORTIVO OVIS The organism causes abortion in ewes BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: It produce H 2 S slowly TSIA : Alkaline A + G, H 2 S slowly A + G, H 2 S slowly

22 SALMONELLA PULLORUM INFECTION: - P.o - Transovarial MORHOLOGY: Except : flagella -, non motile MORHOLOGY: Similar to the other members of the group. Except : flagella -, non motile PATHOGENECITY : PATHOGENECITY : Produce an acute disease in chicks Diarrhea the fecal material is white in color & pasty in consistency In mature hens: ovaritis decrease egg production decrease egg production IMMUNITY: + DIAGNOSIS: - Isolation & Identification - Agglutination test

23 SALMONELLA GALLINARUM MORPHOLOGY: Similar to the other member of the group It does not possess flagella GROWTH REQUIREMENTS & RESISTANCE: It’s typical of the group BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: TSIA:Alkaline Acid,H 2 S ± PATHOGENECITY: Fowl typhoid IMMUNITY:+ DIAGNOSIS: DIAGNOSIS: Isolation & identification of S.gallinarum Agglutination test usually gives cross reaction to S.pullorum or S.typhosa

24 SALMONELLA ANATIS The organism produce a disease in ducklings & give symptoms: thirsty,weakness, decrease of appetite for eat- ing. INFECTION: Transovarial BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: TSIA:Alkaline A+G A+GDIAGNOSA: Agglutination test

25 Genus SHIGELLA MORPHOLOGY: Gram negative rods, non motile (flagel- la - ) Shigella dysentriae pathogenic to man. Shigella equirulis pathogenic to equine GROWTH REQUIREMENT & CHARACTERISTICS Aerobe & Facultative anaerobe Grows readily in media containing fresh Meat Infusion On the surface agar plate: rough & dry colony In broth : apparent a thin pellicle

26 Shigella colony Shigella colony

27 RESISTANCE: Sensitive to chemical desinfectants & heat (by 60 0 C, in 15’) BIOCHEMICAL POPERTIES: To ferment Carbohydrate Acid Reduces Nitrates Nitrites Acidifies and some strains coagulate litmus milk PATHOGENECITY: Pathogenic in foals arthritis, glomerulo nephritis, followed by suppuration, necrosis & septicaemia Shigella pfaffi : pathogenic in canary birds enteritis Shigella rettgeri: pathogenic in chicken (symptoms = Fowl cholera) DIAGNOSIS: Isolation & identification

28 AEROBACTER Aerobacter: Motile, capsule +, M.R -, V.P + Aerobacter aerogenes is found in the same environment as E.coli (soil & water) Examination of water supplies against fecal contamination: Coli-Aerogenes test in water analysis 1.Presumptive test sample of water culture in lactose broth + indikator+ gas catcher tool positive reaction : indicator changes,more gas forms Coli- Aerogenes positive

29 2. Partially confirmed test Presumptive test positive culture on culture on Fluid from presumptive test EMB /ENDO AGAR at 37ºC, 24 hours at 37ºC, 24 hours positif reaction: Coliform colony + (red colony) (red colony) 3. Completed test culture culture Colony from Confirmed testlactose broth+indikator Positif reaction : Acid + (indikator +) Gas + Gas + 1,2&3kwalitative examination

30 KWANTITATIVE EXAMINATION Principle : Counting number of bacteria in1 ml of water Water was diluted in many difference dilution Each dilution was cultured on agar plate incubated at 37ºC, in 24 hours The number of colony which grow was counting 1 colony come from 1 bacteria e.g: In dilution 100 times : 3 colonies So the number of bacteria per ml water is : 3 X 100 = 300 bacteria So the number of bacteria per ml water is : 3 X 100 = 300 bacteria

31 KLEBSIELLA MORPHOLOGY & CHARACTERISTICS: Short rods, encapsulated, non motile Grows in aerobic condition To ferment Carbohydrate Acid + Gas Species Klebsiella wich are to sufficient importance in Veterinary bacteriology: Klebsiella genitallium genitalia of mares causes : cervicitis,metrtis Klebsiella genitallium is found in the genitalia of mares causes : cervicitis,metrtis Klebsiella paralytica Klebsiella paralytica paralytic condition in moose Klebsiella pneumonia is found in the respiratory tract of man pneumonia pneumonia

32 KLEBSIELLA GENITALLIUM Synonyms : Encapsulatus genitallium It was isolated from the genital tract of mares cause inflamation DISTRIBUTION & TRANSMISSION : It’s readily transmitted through: - breeding (generally by infected stallion) - asepsis in artificial insemination tools - asepsis in artificial insemination tools MORPHOLOGY : Encapsulated rods,coccoid & long forms ( 0,9–1,7 u in breadth &1,8-3,7u in length ) Gram negative Gram negative GROWTH REQUIREMENTS & CHARACTERISTICS : Grows in aerobic & facultatively anaerobic Optimum temoerature. 37ºC, pH 7,2 On agar plate : colonies are large, round On the slant agar : colonies yellowish in color, moist, glistening In broth : produce a marked turbidity, a heavy, ropy sediment

33 Klebsiella pneumoniae

34 RESISTANCE: Easyly killed by a temperature of 60ºC for 20 ‘ by common desinfectants BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: To ferment glucose, lactose,sucrose, raffinose, salicin,gly- cerol,& adonitol Asam + Gas Indol test – MR test -, VP test – Reduces nitratesnitrites Citrate test + Coagulation,acidification & gas formation in milk

35 ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE & TOXIN: Cross aglutination has been noted with strain of Klebsiella pneumonia & with capsulated strains of Aerobacter aerogenes PATHOGENECITY: Klebsiella genitalium septicaemia in guinea pigs,rabbits & causing death in 12 - 24 hours causing death in 12 - 24 hours i.uterin injection of saline suspension of living cultures of Klebsiella genitallium into a mares cervicitis, metritis accompanied by purulent exudate In natural infection of mares the organism can be isolated from the cervic, uterus, fallopian tubes & inguinal lymph glands IMMUNITY: - (no immunity)

36 DIAGNOSIS: Isolation & identification of the organism KLEBSIELLA PARALYTICA In 1932, Wallace, Thomas & Cahn reported the isolation of Klebsiella paralytica from moose & from the tick Dermacentor albipictis. Dermacentor albipictis wich found in moose. Klebsiella paralytica a marked cerebral disturbances the animal to run wildly & aimlessly in the later stages : a posterior paralysis

37 Guinea pig & rabbit injected with toxin symptoms similar to those in injected moose MORPHOLOGY: Rods ( p: 0,8 – 3 u in length), non motile, capsule +, Gram – Aerobic & facultatively anaerobic Colonies on the agar plate large,convex, round, mucoid, glistening BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: To ferment dextrose, lakcose, galactose, sucrose, rhamnose, glycerol, mannose, raffinose dulcitol, salicin, inositol & mannitol Acid + Gas To ferment inulinAcid

38 Does not form Indol Reduces nitrates nitrites Does not produce H 2 S Acidifies & coagulates milk It produce beta hemolysis on Blood agar KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE In1882, Friedlander had isolated “Micrococcus” from a case of lobar pneu monia in man. In1886 Frankel & Weichselbaum revealed that organism was a short rod, coccoid forms called Klebsiella pneumoniae MORPHOLOGY: Short, plump rod (0,5u in breadth,1,5-5u in length) It is surrounded by a heavy capsule 2-3 X as large as the organism itself

39 GROWTH REQUIREMENT & CHARACTERISTICS: The organism is easily cultured on ordinary agar media. The colonies are white, mucus-like semifluid in consistency BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: It ferments a number of carbohydrateAcid + Gas ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE: Kl.pneumoniae is composed of a number of different strains S forms: are mucoid, virulent, encapsulated,posses a group- specific antigen in the cell bodies & type specific polysac charide partial antigens in the capsules R forms: avirulent, non capsulated contain antigen of the cell wall

40 Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae divided into 4 type:A,B,C & X by using antiserum in the agglutination & precipitation test

41 PROTEUS The bacteria in the genus Proteus are: Pleomorphic rods, Gram -,actively motile (flagella peritrich) They can inhibit the growth of another bacteria because the organism rapidly spread across the surface of the media (agar plate). They ferment dextrose & sucrose Do not ferment lactose They liquefy gelatin, VP test: - Urease test : + TSIA :Alkaline Acid

42 Proteus hydrophylus The organism cause the disease in frog Red leg It is a typical septicaemia & skin hemorrhages Morphology: Short,plump,aerobic rod (0,6 by 1,3 u in size), motile (peritrichous flagella), Gram – On the slant Agar : greyish-white, translucent,moist colony In broth : a heavy turbidity & thick pellicle Pathogenecity: This organism pathogenic for frog, salamander,fish, mice, guinea pigs & rabbits Toxin soluble in alcohol paralysis An alcohol precipitated toxin effects similar to those caused by caffein, digitalis on muscles.

43 PROTEUS AMMONIAE Proteus ammoniae was isolated from incrusted cystitis in man DISTRIBUTION & TRANSMISSION: The organisms are able to find in all animals MORPHOLOGY : Plump rod (0,5 by 1,4u in size), motile (peritrichous flagella) Gram -, non spore forming, non capsulated RESISTANCE: Susceptible to the common disinfektants,penicillin Its growth is inhibited by streptomycin PATHOGENECITY: Proteus ammoniae pathogenic for man & animals

44 In the dog: pneumonia, skin wound, peritonitis, hematuria, chronic dysentry, acute bloody diarrhea,cystitis & prostatitis In the cow: urinary tract infection & skin wound In the : endocarditis Some strains are pathogenic for the ginea pig DIAGNOSIS: Isolation & identification