NOMENCLATURE. Inorganic Nomenclature Using different oxidation states Potassium + oxygen K O K 2 O potassium oxide.

Presentation on theme: "NOMENCLATURE. Inorganic Nomenclature Using different oxidation states Potassium + oxygen K O K 2 O potassium oxide."— Presentation transcript:

1 NOMENCLATURE

2 Inorganic Nomenclature Using different oxidation states Potassium + oxygen K O K 2 O potassium oxide

3 Inorganics Using the same oxidation states Calcium + oxygen Ca O CaO calcium oxide

4 Inorganics Using polyatomic ions calcium + bromate Ca(BrO 3 ) 2

5 Sample Problems Beryllium iodide (beryllium + iodine) BeI 2 Calcium carbide (calcium + carbon) Ca 2 C

6 More Problems Aluminum sulfate Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Ammonium hydroxide NH 4 OH

7 Stock Formulas Iron (III) Chloride FeCl 3 Tin (II) Nitride Sn 3 N 2

8 Naming Compounds The nonmetal name in a BINARY COMPOUND (two compounds – a metal and nonmetal bonded ionically) has the nonmetal name end in “ide”. BaBr 2 barium bromide Mg 3 N 2 magnesium nitride K 2 S potassium sulfide

9 Naming using Stock formulas Fe(OH) 2 Iron (II) hydroxide CuSO 4 Copper (II) sulfate

10 Practice Problems  Writing Formulas: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 15, 25, 31, 34, 43, 53, 70 Naming Compounds: 154, 160, 163, 166, 172, 179, 181, 201, 228, 234, 242, 280

11 Now to the additions: An older system used in place of the Stock system uses suffixes on the metal to indicate a lower or higher oxidation state. * metals with lower oxidation state: “ous” ending * metals with higher oxidation state: “ic” ending Metals use Latin names

12 Examples: Iron (II) = ferrous Iron (III) = ferric Copper (1) = cuprous copper (II) = cupric Tin (II) = stannous tin (IV) = stannic Lead (II) = plumbous lead (IV) = plumbic Mercury (I) = mercurous Mercury (II) = mercuric Chromium (II) = chromous chromium (III) chromic Cobalt (II) = cobaltous cobalt (III) = cobaltic Manganese (II) = manganous manganese (III) = manganaic

13 Binary Covalent Compounds For binary compounds whose first element is a nonmetal (covalent bonding) use the following prefixes for the number of atoms. The first element will have its normal ending, the second will end in “ide” 1 = mono, 2 = di, 3 = tri, 4 = tetra, 5 = penta, 6 = hexa, 7 = hepta, 8 = octa, 9 = nona, 10 = deca, 11 = undeca, 12 = dodeca

14 Binary Covalent Examples: SO 2 sulfur dioxide Cl 2 O 7 dichlorine tetrachloride P 2 O 3 diphosphorus trioxide P 2 O 5 diphosphorus pentaoxide

15 Hydrogen Exceptions For compounds with hydrogen in the middle use either the “bi” prefix or the word “hydrogen” Examples: NaHSO 4 sodium bisulfate or sodium hydrogen sulfate Ca(HSO 4 ) 2 calcium bisulfate or calcium hydrogen sulfate

16 Another Problem For phosphate salts with more than 1 type ion, one of which is hydrogen, use the following format: NaH 2 PO 4 sodium dihydrogen phospate K 2 HPO 4 potassium monohydrogen phosphate

17 No Reduction Formulas Certain formulas are not reduced: The most common one is mercury (I) which is Hg 2 2+ Example: Mercury (I) nitrate = Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2 Mercury (I) chloride = Hg 2 Cl 2

18 Peroxide Another example of no reduction is peroxide which is O 2 2- hydrogen peroxide = H 2 O 2 sodium peroxide = Na 2 O 2

19 Inorganic Acids Standard “ate” polyatomic ion acids with “ic” HBrO 3 Bromic acid HClO 3 Chloric acid HNO 3 Nitric acid H 3 PO 4 Phosphoric acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid

20 Removing all oxygens When all oxygens are removed, add a “hydro” prefix (along with “ic” ending) HBrO 3 Bromic acid HBrO Hydrobromic acid HNO 3 Nitric acid HNO Hydronitric acid

21 Adding an extra oxygen When an extra oxygen is added, add a “per” prefix, along with “ic” ending H 2 CO 3 carbonic acid H 2 CO 4 percarbonic acid HClO 3 chloric acid HClO 4 perchloric acid

22 Taking 1 oxygen away When 1 oxygen is taken away from the normal “ic” ending formula, change “ic” to “ous” H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid H 2 SO 3 sulfurous acid H 3 PO 4 phosphoric acid H 3 PO 3 phosphorous acid

23 Taking 2 oxygens away When 2 oxygens are taken away from normal “ic” ending, change “ic” to “ous” and add a “hypo” prefix” HNO 3 Nitric acid HNO hyponitrous acid HClO 3 chloric acid HClO hypochlorous acid H 3 PO 2 hypophosphorous acid

24 Final Homework Problems 3, 6, 16, 22, 44, 50, 55, 67, 89, 96, 100, 113, 120, 127, 135, 147, 150 161, 165, 175, 187, 204, 210, 223, 236, 243, 291, 306, 333, 341, 324