Checklist of the Mollusca of Cocos (Keeling) / Christmas Island ecoregion

Siong Kiat Tan

An annotated checklist of the Mollusca from the Australian Indian Ocean Territories (IOT) of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is presented. The checklist combines data from all previous studies and new material collected during the recent Christmas Island Expeditions organised by the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (formerly the Raffles Museum of Biodiversty Resarch), Singapore. The checklist provides an overview of the diversity of the malacofauna occurring in the Cocos (Keeling) / Christmas Island ecoregion. A total of 1,178 species representing 165 families are documented, with 760 (in 130 families) and 757 (in 126 families) species recorded from Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, respectively. Forty-five species (or 3.8%) of these species are endemic to the Australian IOT. Fifty-seven molluscan records for this ecoregion are herein published for the first time. We also briefly discuss historical patterns of discovery and endemism in the malacofauna of the Australian IOT.

RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY Supplement No. 30: 313–375 Date of publication: 25 December 2014 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:52341BDF-BF85-42A3-B1E9-44DADC011634 Checklist of the Mollusca of Cocos (Keeling) / Christmas Island ecoregion Siong Kiat Tan* & Martyn E. Y. Low Abstract. An annotated checklist of the Mollusca from the Australian Indian Ocean Territories (IOT) of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is presented. The checklist combines data from all previous studies and new material collected during the recent Christmas Island Expeditions organised by the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (formerly the Rafles Museum of Biodiversty Resarch), Singapore. The checklist provides an overview of the diversity of the malacofauna occurring in the Cocos (Keeling) / Christmas Island ecoregion. A total of 1,178 species representing 165 families are documented, with 760 (in 130 families) and 757 (in 126 families) species recorded from Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, respectively. Forty-ive species (or 3.8%) of these species are endemic to the Australian IOT. Fifty-seven molluscan records for this ecoregion are herein published for the irst time. We also briely discuss historical patterns of discovery and endemism in the malacofauna of the Australian IOT. Key words. Mollusca, Polyplacophora, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean The Cocos (Keeling) Islands, which comprise North Keeling Island (a single island atoll) and the South Keeling Islands (an atoll consisting of more than 20 islets including Horsburgh Island, West Island, Direction Island, Home Island), were irst discovered by Captain William Keeling in 1609, and eventually became an Australian territory in 1955 (Greer et al., 2012). It is of historical interest that Charles Darwin visited the islands during the homeward voyage of the H.M.S. ‘Beagle’ in 1836 and made several observations on the natural history of the archipelago (Armstrong, 1991; Greer et al., 2012). Christmas Island was discovered on Christmas Day 1643 by William Mynors. The island was subsequently annexed by the British government for its phosphate deposits, before jurisdiction passed to the government of Singapore (which was formerly the centre of governance of the Straits Settlements). Christmas Island became an Australian territory in 1957 (Hourston, 2010; Greer et al., 2012). The biodiversity of the Australian IOT have been documented with observations and collections made since the early days of their exploration and settlement (e.g., Günther, 1887; Lister, 1889; Andrews, 1899, 1900; Wood-Jones, 1909, 1910, 1912). INTRODUCTION Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) (hereafter CI) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (hereafter CK) comprise the Australian Indian Ocean Territories (IOT). The Australian IOT comprises the distinct Cocos (Keeling) / Christmas Island ecoregion in a current global marine shelf bioregionalisation scheme (Spalding et al., 2007). Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands are situated, respectively, 290 km south and 1,000 km south west of Java, Indonesia (Greer et al., 2012). Both islands have names that are also used for other islands located outside the Indian Ocean. The name “Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)” is used to disambiguate the Australian IOT situated at 10°30′S 105°40′E (Greer et al., 2012) from four other islands with the same name (one island located off Nova Scotia, Canada; two islands located off Tasmania, Australia; it is also an alternative name for Kirimati). Similarly, the name “Cocos (Keeling) Islands” is used to differentiate the Australian IOT group located at 12°12′S 96°54′E (Greer et al., 2012) from other islands which are sometimes called Cocos Island, of which there are four (one island located off Costa Rica, one island located near Panama, off Guam, off Mauritius, and the Coco Islands (sometimes called the Cocos Islands, in the Andaman Sea). Although Charles Darwin recorded Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758, during his visit to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in 1836, this record was never published (see Armstrong, 1991). The earliest published mollusc record from the Australian IOT is a specimen of Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839), from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, that was collected during the return voyage of the H.M.S. ‘Beagle’ (see Reeve, 1848: pl. 2, ig. 5, caption; reproduced herein as Fig. 1). Marrat’s (1879) work was the only pre-1900 listing of the molluscs of the Cocos (Keeling). Two additional checklists (Smith in Wood-Jones, 1910; Abbott, 1950) followed. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (formerly Rafles Museum of Biodiversity Research), National University of Singapore, Block S6, Science Drive 2, #03-01, Singapore 117546, Republic of Singapore; Emails: nhmtsk@nus.edu.sg (*corresponding author TSK); m.low@me.com (MEYL) © National University of Singapore ISSN 2345-7600 (electronic) | ISSN 0217-2445 (print) 313 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands unknown from both localities (Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000). In addition to their efforts, Coleman (2006a, 2006b) also increased the known species of molluscs from both locations by over a hundred. However, the actual number of species recorded from either locality by Coleman is unknown as the records of the molluscs and accompanying photographs in both works are identical. In addition, many of the same photographs have appeared in his other works (e.g., Coleman, 2001, 2003) with indications that the photographs were taken at other localities such as Papua New Guinea, Maldives, and the Great Barrier Reef. It is thus necessary to note that his works may not be reliable references for documentary purposes. Between 2010 and 2012, scientiic studies at Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (hereafter referred to as the Christmas Island Expeditions) of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories were carried out by staff from the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (LKCNHM; formerly the Rafles Museum of Biodiversity Research) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and collaborators from the Queensland Museum (Australia), University of the Ryukyus (Japan), and National Chung Hsing University (Taiwan) (see Tan et al., 2014a, 2014b). The checklist presented is the result of the material collected and examined during these expeditions, incorporating a thorough review of the literature on the malacofauna of the Australian IOT. The endemism of this malacofauna and its impact on the status of the Australian IOT as a distinct ecoregion is also briely examined. Fig. 1. The irst species of mollusc to be recorded from the Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands ecoregion, Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839). The igured specimen was obtained by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the H.M.S. ‘Beagle’ and igured by Reeve (1848, pl. 2, ig. 5). Figure from a work no longer in copyright and digitised by the Biodiversity Heritage Library (http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8129). Abbott’s (1950) work was based on specimens collected by Gibson-Hill, from the Rafles Museum, Singapore, who visited the island in the autumn of 1941. In 1967, Virginia Orr Maes published her monumental work, which listed over 300 previously unrecorded species of molluscs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The checklist was compiled from published literature that was available to us during the course of the study, complemented with additional data from the recent expeditions. We also utilised the malacology collections database of the Academy of Natural Science of Drexel University (ANSP; http://clade. ansp.org/malacology/collections/). The irst relatively comprehensive study of the malacofauna of Christmas Island was carried out by the H.M.S. ‘Flying Fish’ under the command of Captain Maclear (see Günther, 1887), which yielded the irst checklist (and records) of molluscs from Christmas Island (Smith, 1887). This survey was also the earliest comprehensive natural history expedition to the island. This expedition was followed by larger collecting efforts by Charles William Andrews and John Murray sailing on the H.M.S. ‘Egeria’, the molluscs of which were reported upon by Smith (1889, 1900a, 1900b, 1909, 1911). Iredale (1917) described seven new species of molluscs from Christmas Island, and Tomlin (1935) reported on a collection collected by M. W. F. Tweedie, also of the Rafles Museum, Singapore, who collected on the island in 1932. The taxonomic works of Laseron (1956a, 1956b, 1958) and Rudman (1986a, 1986b) although not focusing on the fauna of Christmas Island, further increased the numbers of species known from Christmas Island. The presentation of this checklist is straightforward—species name and author, the locality recorded (Christmas Island [CI] and/or Cocos (Keeling) Islands [CK]), followed by the sources of information (in chronological order) and remarks if any. The systematic classiication of the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia generally follows that proposed by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) and Bieler et al. (2010) respectively, with some modiications based on other studies (e.g., Williams et al., 2008, 2010; Bouchet et al., 2011, and other references herein cited). A combination of other classiication systems (e.g., Vaught, 1989) is used for the other classes. Families are ordered as far as possible to relect current accepted relationships within the respective classes. Families, genera, and species, are listed in alphabetical order for ease of reference. Subgenera are omitted to maintain consistency in the presentation. Hitherto, the largest contributions to the knowledge of the molluscan diversity of Australian IOT have been by Fred E. Wells of the Western Australian Museum and his colleagues who recorded an additional 469 species that were previously Effort has been made to provide the most updated nomenclatural and taxonomic statuses of all taxa listed. However, we concede that oversights are inevitable and that 314 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Fig. 2. Species accumulations curves (dotted lines) and records from publications listing more than ive previously unrecorded species (black portion of each bar): A, Christmas Island (Indian Ocean); B, Cocos (Keeling) Islands. See Table 4 for a list of the publications in which more than ive previously unrecorded species have been listed. Only publications in Table 4 focusing exclusively on the molluscs of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and/or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands are included. by hand in the targeted sampling sites (see Tan et al., 2014b). A number of mollusc specimens were also collected subtidally by SCUBA divers, who also employed baited traps, with limited success (also see Tan et al., 2014c). Living specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol except for shells that were recovered empty or inhabited by hermit crabs, which were dried. All specimens examined are deposited in the Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) of the LKCNHM, NUS; with voucher specimens to be deposited in the Western Autralian Museum (WAM), Perth, Australia. our opinions may be in disagreement with authorities of the various groups. Comments are provided where relevant, but we have not been able to verify the taxonomic identiication of the species mentioned in the original references. In cases where a taxon in the referenced sources is generally accepted as a junior synonym in recent literature, the current name is listed with the name originally used indicated in parentheses, and a reference to the synonymy is included in brackets. Notes from the reference sources that are potentially of interest are also provided in parentheses while our own remarks and observations are in brackets. However, we have not listed other known synonyms and references to changes in generic assignments due to space limitations. RESULTS A summary of the numbers of species (and families) of molluscs recorded from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands to date is presented in Table 1. A total of 1,178 species of molluscs (in 165 families) are now known from the Australian IOT. Of this total, 760 species (in 130 families) and 757 (in 126 families) are now known from CI and CK, respectively. The material collected Dubious and/or unveriiable names are indicated with a dagger (†) symbol. A plus (+) symbol under the column of CI or CK indicate record(s) of the species from the respective locality. Only material collected by the Christmas Island Expeditions was examined for this study. Molluscs were mostly collected 315 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Table 1. Molluscan diversity of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The number of families and species in each of the four molluscan classes recorded from both localities is given. The numbers of families and species unique to each locality (but not necessarily endemic) and those shared by both localities are also given. In the second, third, fourth and ifth rows under the totals section, the total number of species recorded, species collected, species recorded for the irst time and endemic species at each locality are respectively listed. Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Both localities Category Total Unique Total Unique Shared Total Families 20 3 26 9 17 29 Species 104 60 139 95 44 199 Families 6 1 5 0 5 6 Species 12 7 6 1 5 13 Families 101 34 93 26 67 127 Species 640 350 610 320 290 960 Families 3 1 2 0 2 3 Species 4 4 2 1 1 6 Bivalvia Cephalopoda Gastropoda Polyplacophora Totals Families 130 39 126 35 91 165 Species 760 421 757 417 340 1,178 Species (collected) 226 72 173 19 154 245 Species (new records) 35 34 22 21 1 57 Species (endemic) 44 41 4 1 3 45 during the Christmas Island Expeditions yielded 245 species of molluscs. Of these species, 72 were collected only at CI, 19 species were collected only at the CK, and 154 species were collected at both localities. The material collected during the recent expeditions thus represents about 21% of the total malacofauna of the Australian IOT. Furthermore, 57 species (35 from CI, 22 from CK) recorded herein represent the irst published records for of these species in the Australian IOT. These records are based on the material collected as well as previously unpublished data from the ANSP (see Material and Methods). Table 1 also lists the numbers of species (and families) by taxonomic class (viz. Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Polyplacophora). The last row of Table 1 lists the number of endemic species found in the Australian IOT, while the complete list of species with comments can be found in Table 3. The complete checklist of all mollusc species known from the Australian IOT is given in Table 2. colleagues (see Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000: 103, table 8). Only a few species were collected in 2010 because permits for surveying molluscs were not obtained for that year. Specimens from that year are shells incidentally added after the hermit crab occupants were extracted. The percentages of the numbers of species of Gastropoda and Bivalvia relative to the total numbers of species now known from Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands are comparable to those recorded by Wells & Slack-Smith (2000) and Wells (1994), respectively. At Christmas Island, Wells & Slack-Smith (2000) noted that the Gastropoda and Bivalvia made up 78.3% and 20.1% of the total number of species, respectively. This is compared to the 84.2% and 13.7% respectively for the Gastropoda and Bivalvia now known from Christmas Island (Table 1). At the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Wells (1994) stated that the percentage of Gastropoda and Bivalvia were, respectively, 81.3% and 17.9%. Of the molluscs species now known from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, 80.6% are Gastropoda and 18.4% are Bivalvia (Table 1). The total of 245 mollusc species (226 from CI, 173 from CK) obtained by the recent Christmas Island Expeditions clearly represents only a fraction (<21%) of the total malacofauna diversity of the Australian IOT (1,178 species). The actual time that was spent collecting molluscs amounted to 25 days on CI and 14 days on CK, which was comparable in collecting effort to the previous studies of Fred E. Wells and DISCUSSION Most molluscs currently known from the Australian IOT belong to wide ranging Indo-West Paciic species. However 316 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 their ecoregion system is deined “[i]n ecological terms [of] strongly cohesive units, suficiently large to encompass ecological or life history processes for most sedentary species. Although some marine ecoregions may have important levels of endemism, this is not a key determinant in ecoregion identiication, as it has been in terrestrial ecoregions”. However, endemism in the molluscan species of the Australian IOT may not be as low as our current knowledge would appear to suggest (as discussed below). differences in species composition in several groups are apparent, and probably due to the habitat differences on Christmas Island, a volcanic island largely surrounded by rocky reefs, and the coral atolls of Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Notably and perhaps predictably, the families typically associated with ine to muddy sand habitats (e.g., Tellinidae, Veneridae, Cerithiidae, Naticidae), are poorly represented at Christmas Island while Cocos (Keeling) Islands harbour relatively fewer species of the rocky habitat gastropod families (e.g., Haliotidae, Neritidae) and none of the submarine cave associated families (e.g., Neritiliidae, Pickworthiidae) (see Table 2). Recent studies using molecular sequencing of a large series of material from localities in the Australian IOT and elsewhere. Meyer’s (2004) molecular analysis of cypraeids from throughout the Indo-Paciic showed that the taxon currently identiied as Lyncina ventriculus from Christmas Island represents an undescribed (and endemic) species. Similarly, Kirkendale & Meyer’s (2004) analysis of material previously identiied as Patelloida (now Eoacmaea) profunda from Christmas Island, although morphologically similar, may in fact represent a different taxon. Data from an unpublished study (G. Paulay, in litt., 19 June 2013) on Turbo lajonkairii have also shown that this species is truly endemic to the Australian IOT although material from Wake Island and the Marshall Islands have been identiied as this species (e.g., Tomlinson, 1969; Fosberg, 1990). Meyer et al. (2005) also observed a similar situation in another turbinid species (currently identiied as either Astralium helicina or Astralium rhodostomum), of which the populations from the Australian IOT clearly represent an undescribed (and endemic) species. Table 4 summarises the important contributions to the study of the malacofauna of the Australian IOT (as deined by studies which have recorded ive or more previously unrecorded species from either locality), together with the total numbers of species recorded and those which were recorded for the irst time (new records). These studies are visualised together with the species accumulation curves in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows that additions to the fauna of both Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands have been mostly the result of these important contributions listed in Table 4. This trend has important implications for future studies targeted at studying the malacofauna of the Australian IOT, namely that short targeted expeditions can yield a large number of species. The Australian IOT (comprising Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands) is well-known for its high levels of endemism in terrestrial animals. Of the two localities within the Australian IOT, Christmas Island is the major (or perhaps sole) contributor to the endemism of this ecoregion. For example, on Christmas Island, 83% of the reptiles (and 22% of the birds are endemic, see Adler, 1994; Smith et al., 2012). No species belonging to either group are known to be endemic to the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. This trend in terrestrial groups does not appear to extend to marine taxa, where endemism is much lower (or absent). In Christmas Island, only three species of ish (or 0.5%) are endemics (Allen, 2000). No endemic echinoderms are known (Marsh, 2000). Amongst brachyuran crabs (some or all of which are dependent on the sea for reproduction), ive species (or about 3.5%) are known to be endemic out of a total of the approximately 144 species known (Morgan, 2000; Davie & Ng, 2012, 2013; Ng & Davie, 2012). As listed in Table 1, 46 species of molluscs (42 from CI, 4 from CK, and 3 shared between CI and CK) are endemic to the Australian IOT. It should be noted that although we did not separate terrestrial from marine endemics, the former constitute only a small percentage of the total endemic species (see Table 3). Although this represents a low level of endemism (of less than 4%) when compared with reptiles or birds, it is still comparable to the brachyuran crabs and much higher than the ishes. Thus, some of the morphological ‘quirks’ observed in some species of molluscs from Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands that were previously dismissed as representing extreme ends of intraspeciic variation may actually be taxonomic characters of distinct and endemic species. Additional studies utilising molecular phylogenetic studies of supposedly widespread Indo-Paciic marine species may eventually show that the Australian IOT of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is an ecoregion as unique and important as any other. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to everyone who helped with the preparations and operations that made the Christmas Island Expeditions (2010–2012) possible, and are particularly indebted to the expedition team members: Peter Davie (Queensland Museum, Australia), Yoshihisa Fujita and Tohru Naruse (University of the Ryukyus, Japan), Hsi-Te Shih (National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan), Joelle C. Y. Lai, Jose C. E. Mendoza, Peter K. L. Ng, Heok Hui Tan, Kai-xin Tan and Swee Hee Tan (Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum [formerly Rafles Museum of Biodiversity Research], NUS, Singapore). Thanks are also due to the friendly staff of Parks Australia (Christmas Island), especially Max Orchard and Brendan Tiernan, who provided valuable local knowledge and often going out of their way to render assistance. James D. Reimer (University of the Ryukyus, Japan) helped us translate This relatively low amount of endemism in molluscs suggests that the recognition of the Australian IOT as a distinct ecoregion (Spalding et al., 2007) may be unwarranted. However, as Spalding et al. (2007) make clear, 317 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Japanese literature. Natalie Yonow (Swansea University, UK) provided several important opisthobranch references. The Christmas Island Expeditions were conducted under permits granted by the Environment Assessment Branch of the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australian Government. Beu AG (1981) Australian gastropods of the family Bursidae. Part 1. 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Where the taxonomic status of a taxon is in doubt or is problematic, it is marked with a “†”. When a taxon was collected during the surveys that form the basis of this study, locality information of the material examined is also given. Where the presence of more than one species-group within a genus has been recorded by an earlier work but these taxa were not identiied to species, these are indicated as such (e.g., Lithophaga sp. 1, Lithophaga sp. 2 as recorded by Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000). Species CI CK Records/Remarks Family Chitonidae Acanthopleura gemmata (Blainville, 1825) Tegulaplax hululensis (Smith, 1903) + + + Onithochiton quercinus (Gould, 1846) + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990 (as Chiton hululensis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chiton hululensis); Gowlett-Holmes, 2001; Schwabe et al., 2008 (as Chiton (Tegulaplax) hululensis [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011] Tomlin, 1935 (as Onithochiton quercinus var. scholvieni); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Gowlett-Holmes, 2001; this study [Christmas Island: CI-04-2011] Family Cryptoplacidae Cryptoplax burrowi (Smith, 1884) + Family Acanthochitonidae Acanthochitona sp. Acanthochitona sp. + CLASS POLYPLACOPHORA Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Gowlett-Holmes, 2001; Dell’Angelo et al., 2010 + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Gowlett-Holmes, 2001 [supposedly after, but not located in Kaas & van Belle, 1998] CLASS BIVALVIA Family Mytilidae Leiosolenus lithurus (Pilsbry, 1905) Leiosolenus nasutus (Philippi, 1846) + + Leiosolenus pulcher (Jousseaume in Lamy, 1919) Lithophaga teres (Philippi, 1846) + Lithophaga sp. Lithophaga sp. 1 Lithophaga sp. 2 Modiolus gubernaculum (Dunker, 1856) + + + + + Modiolus modulaides (Röding, 1798) Modiolus sp. Modiolus sp. 1 Modiolus sp. 2 Musculus sp. Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + Septifer excisus (Wiegmann, 1837) + Septifer rufolineatus (Smith, 1911) + + + Tomlin, 1935 (as Lithophaga lithura); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-17] Maes, 1967 (as Lithophaga nasuta); Wells, 1994 (as Lithophaga nasuta [after Maes, 1967]); Huber, 2010 Huber, 2010 (as Leiosolenus (Diberus) pulcher) Maes, 1967; Arnaud & Thomassin, 1990 (as Lithophaga (Lithophaga) teres); Wells, 1994; Huber, 2010 Wells et al., 1990 (more than one species may be present) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990 (as Modiolus sp. [see Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010 [after Wells et al., 1990] Abbott, 1950 (as Volsella moduloides [sic]); Maes, 1967 (as Modiolus modulaides [see Huber, 2010; but see Wells, 1994]; Wells, 1994 (as Modiolus philippinarum [after Maes, 1967]); Huber, 2010 [after Maes, 1967]) Wells, 1994 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911; Lynge, 1909; Oostingh, 1925 (as Septifer bilocularis [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-04-2011; CI-09-2011; CI3-13; CI3-15; CI3-17; CI3-23] Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 (regarded as inseparable from Septifer bilocularis)] Smith, 1911 (as Brachydontes (Hormomya) rufolineatus; type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as Brachidontes rufolineatus); Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-13; CI3-14] 326 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Records/Remarks Family Arcidae Acar plicata (Dillwyn, 1817) + + Anadara vellicata (Reeve, 1844) Arca patriarchalis Röding, 1798 + + + †Arca imbricata Bruguière, 1789 + Arca ventricosa Lamarck, 1819 Barbatia amygdalumtostum (Röding, 1798) + Barbatia decussata (Sowerby I, 1833) + Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990 (as Barbatia plicata); Wells, 1994 (as Arca plicata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Barbatia plicata); Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D08-2011; CI-D18-2011] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Arca maculata [see Lamprell & Healy, 1998; also Huber, 2010]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Barbatia maculata); Maes, 1967 (as Arca avellana [see Huber, 2010]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Arca avellana [see Huber, 2010]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Arca avellana [see Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-23] Smith, 1900a, 1911 [an Atlantic species; probably Barbatia maculata (=Arca patriarchalis) according to Tomlin, 1935] Wells, 1994 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Barbatia amygdalumtotsum [sic] [after Wells et al., 1990], and also Barbatia fusca (Bruguière, 1789) non Lightfoot, 1786 [see Aguëra García & Oliver, 2008; see also Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010 (as Barbatia (Ustularca) amygdalumtostum) Smith, 1911 (as Arca decussata); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1911]; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-D05-2011; CI3-13; CI3-16; CI3-25] Wells, 1994 (as Barbatia velata [see Aguëra García & Oliver, 2008]); Huber, 2010 (as Barbatia (Cucullaearca) foliata); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D17-2011] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [but see also Aguëra García & Oliver, 2008] Wells et al., 1990 [synonym of Carribean Barbatia candida; = Barbatia complanata?; see Huber, 2010]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990 (as Barbatia tenella); Wells, 1994 (as Barbatia tenella); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Barbatia tenella); Huber, 2010 (as Calloarca (Barbarca) tenella) + Barbatia foliata (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) + Barbatia grayana (Dunker, 1867) †Barbatia helblingi (Bruguière, 1789) + + Calloarca tenella (Reeve, 1844) + Family Philobryidae Cosa tholiata Oliver & Holmes, 2004 Family Malleidae Malleus sp. + + + Maes, 1967 (as Cosa sp. [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as Cosa sp. [after Maes, 1967; see Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010 [after Maes, 1967] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Malleus sp. juveniles) + Family Pteriidae Electroma alacorvi (Dillwyn, 1817) + Isognomon ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758) + Isognomon cf. ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758) + Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791) + + Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819) + Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1767) + Pinctada imbricata Röding, 1798 + + Abbott, 1950 (as Electroma smaragdina [see Huber, 2010]); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Tëmkin, 2006; Huber, 2010 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon (Isognomon) ephippium) Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Isognomon ?ephippium [without doubt one of the Isognomon species listed herein]) Maes, 1967 (as Isognomon isognomon [sic]); Wells et al, 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon (Isognomon) isognomum) Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al, 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon (Isognomon) legumen); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D10-2011; CI3-D02] Tomlin, 1935 (as Isognomon dentifera [see Oliver, 1992]); Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon (Parviperna) nucleus); this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011] Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Melina perna); Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Isognomon (Melina) perna); Maes, 1967 (as Isognomon perna? or marsupiale); Wells et al, 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 (as Isognomon (Anisoperna) perna); this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-07; CI3-13] Tomlin, 1935 (as Pinctada vulgaris [see Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010 327 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Pinctada maculata (Gould, 1850) CK Records/Remarks + Jameson, 1901 (as Pteria (Margaritifera) panasesae [see Lamprell & Healy, 1998]); Hynds, 1955 [after Jameson, 1901] Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Meleagrina margaritifera); Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al, 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Wada & Tëmkin, 2008 [after Maes, 1967]; Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells et al, 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011] Wells, 1994 Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) + + Pteria sp. + Family Pinnidae Atrina vexillum (Born, 1778) + Pinna muricata Linnaeus, 1758 + + Streptopinna saccata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + + Family Ostreidae Alectryonella plicatula (Gmelin, 1791) Dendostrea folium (Linnaeus, 1758) Lopha cristagalli (Linnaeus, 1758) Ostrea sp. Saccostrea cucullata (von Born, 1778) Saccostrea scyphophilla (Peron & Lesueur, 1807) + + Family Gryphaeidae Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758) Hyotissa sp. Parahyotissa numisma (Lamarck, 1819) †Pycnodonte sp, + + + + + + + Family Pectinidae Chlamys sp. Decatopecten radula (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Gloripallium pallium (Linnaeus, 1758) + Laevichlamys cuneata (Reeve, 1853) + Laevichlamys squamosa (Gmelin, 1791) + + Laevichlamys weberi (Bavay, 1904) + Mirapecten miriicus (Reeve, 1843) Mimachlamys lentiginosa (Reeve, 1853) Minnivola pyxidata (Born, 1778) + + + Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Pinna nigra [see Huber, 2010]); Abbott, 1950 (as Pinna (Atrina) vexillum); Rosewater, 1961 (as Atrina (Atrina) vexillum); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Huber, 2010; Schultz & Huber, 2013 (as Atrina (Atrina) vexillum) Abbott, 1950 (as Pinna (Pinna) muricata); Rosewater, 1961; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 (as Pinna (Quantulopinna) muricata); Schultz & Huber, 2013 (as Pinna (Quantulopinna) muricata); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D02. Cocos (Keeling) Island: CK2-01] Abbott, 1950 (as Pinna (Streptopinna) saccata [albeit tentatively]); Rosewater, 1961; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010; Schultz & Huber, 2013; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01; CI3-D05] Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells, 1994 Tomlin, 1935 (as Ostrea cucullata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-27-2011] Huber, 2010 Abbott, 1950 (as Ostrea cucullata [see Maes, 1967]); Maes, 1967 (as ‘Pycnodonta’ hyotis); Wells, 1994; Huber, 2010 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Hyotissa numisma) Abbott, 1950 (as Pycnodonta sp.) Wells, 1994 [probably no longer in this genus] Maes, 1967 (as Comptopallium radula); Wells, 1994; Huber, 2010 (as Comptopallium radula) Wells et al., 1990 (as Chlamys pallium); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys pallium); Huber, 2010 Wells, 1994 (as Chlamys irregularis [see Dijkstra & Moolenbeek, 2008]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys irregularis [see Dijkstra & Moolenbeek, 2008]); Dijkstra, 2013; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01] Maes, 1967 (as Chlamys squamosus); Wells, 1994 (as Chlamys squamosus [after Maes, 1967]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Chlamys weberi); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys weberi [after Tomlin, 1935]) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys miriica); Huber, 2010 Wells, 1994 (as Chlamys lentiginosus) Maes, 1967 (as Pecten pyxidatus); Wells, 1994 (as Pecten pyxidatus [after Maes, 1967]) 328 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Mirapecten rastellum (Lamarck, 1819) + Pascahinnites coruscans (Hinds, 1845) + + Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791) Semipallium lavicans (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + Pectinid sp. 1 Pectinid sp. 2 + + Family Spondylidae Spondylus anacanthus Mawe, 1823 Spondylus candidus Lamarck, 1819 Spondylus cf. candidus Lamarck, 1819 Spondylus foliaceus Schreibers, 1793 Spondylus linguafelis Sowerby II, 1847 Spondylus multimuricatus Reeve, 1856 Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793 + + + + + + + Spondylus sinensis Schreibers, 1793 + + Spondylus spinosus Schreibers, 1793 Spondylus swinneni Lamprell, Stanisic & Clarkson, 2001 Spondylus varius Sowerby I, 1827 Spondylus sp. + + + + Spondylus sp. + Family Plicatulidae Plicatula australis Lamarck, 1819 Plicatula cf. australis Lamarck, 1819 Plicatula plicata (Linnaeus, 1767) + + Family Limidae Ctenoides ales (Finlay, 1927) Ctenoides annulata (Lamarck, 1819) Ctenoides cf. annulata (Lamarck, 1819) Limaria fragilis (Gmelin, 1791) CK + + + + + + + + + Limaria orientalis (Adams & Reeve, 1850) + Family Lucinidae †Anodontia edentula (Linnaeus, 1758) + Anodontia hawaiensis (Dall, Bartsch & + Records/Remarks Wells et al., 1990 (as Chlamys rastellum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys rastellum [after Wells et al., 1990]) Maes, 1967 (as Chlamys coruscans); Wells et al., 1990 (as Chlamys coruscans); Wells, 1994 (as Chlamys coruscans [after Maes, 1967]); Dijkstra & Marshall, 1997 (as Chlamys coruscans coruscans); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chlamys coruscans); Puslednik & Serb, 2008 (as Semipallium coruscans); Huber, 2010; Dijkstra, 2013; Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2013 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990 (as Semipallium tigris [see Dijkstra, 1999]); Wells, 1994 (as Semipallium tigris [see Dijkstra, 1999]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Semipallium tigris [see Dijkstra, 1999]); Huber, 2010 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells, 1994 (as Spondylus sanguineus [see Lamprell, 2006]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Spondylus cf. S. candidus) Tomlin, 1935 (as Spondylus pesasininum [sic; see Lamprell, 2006]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Tomlin, 1935 (as Spondylus hystrix [see Lamprell, 2006]); Abbott, 1950 (as Spondylus hystrix [see Lamprell, 2006]); Maes, 1967 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010 Maes, 1967 (as Spondylus ducalis [see Lamprell, 2006]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [supposedly after, but not listed in, Tomlin (1935)] Wells, 1994 (as Spondylus lamarckii [see Lamprell, 2006]) Huber, 2010 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Maes, 1967 (young examples; could be Abbott’s [1950] Spondylus hystrix [= nicobaricus]) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 This study [Christmas Island: CI3-17; CI3-23] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Plicatula sp. cf. australis) Maes, 1967 (as Plicatula chinensis [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as Plicatula chinensis [after Maes, 1967]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D06; CI-D15-2011; CID17-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: ; CK21; CK2-03] Maes, 1967 (as Lima annulata); Huber, 2010 Wells, 1994 (as Lima cf. annulata) Maes, 1967 (as Limea fragilis); Wells et al., 1990 (as Lima fragilis); Wells, 1994 (as Lima fragilis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Lima fragilis); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010 (as Limaria (Promantellum) fragilis) [after Wells et al., 1990; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D102011; CI3-D01. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-12] Wells, 1994 Abbott, 1950 (as Lucina (Lucina) edentula [see Taylor & Glover, 2005]); Maes, 1967, as ‘Lucina’ edentula [see Taylor & Glover, 2005]); Wells, 1994 [Linnaeaus’ edentula is a nomen dubium, and the species mentioned by these authors are likely either of the species listed by Taylor & Glover, 2005] Taylor & Glover, 2005 329 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks †Anodontia pila (Reeve, 1850) + Anodontia vesicula (Gould, 1850) †Cavatidens sp. Chavania striata (Tokunaga, 1906) + + + Wells, 1994 [synonym of Anodontia alba, an Atlantic species; = Anodontia trulla?, see Taylor & Glover, 2005] Taylor & Glover, 2005 Wells, 1994 [supposedly after Maes, 1967, but record not located] Maes, 1967 (as ?Wallucina sp. [see Glover & Taylor, 2001]); Glover & Taylor, 2001 Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08] Wells et al., 1990; Rehder, 1980 (as Codakia (Epicodakia) bella); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Tomlin, 1935 (as Codakia divergens); Maes, 1967 (as Codakia divergens); Wells, 1994 (as Codakia divergens [after Maes, 1967]) Wells, 1994 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (as Wallucina gordoni [see Glover & Taylor, 2001]); Wells, 1994 (as Wallucina gordoni [see Glover & Taylor, 2001]); Glover & Taylor, 2001; Taylor & Glover, 2007 [after Taylor & Glover, 2001] Codakia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Ctena bella (Conrad, 1837) + Ctena divergens (Philippi, 1850) + Ctena sp. Ctena sp. Wallucina ijiensis (Smith, 1885) + + + + + Family Carditidae Cardita variegata Bruguière, 1792 + Family Trapezidae Trapezium bicarinatum (Schumacher, 1817) + Trapezium oblongum (Linnaeus, 1758) + Family Cardiidae Afrocardium richardi (Audouin, 1826) + Corculum cardissa (Linnaeus, 1758) Fragum fragum (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + Fragum unedo (Linnaeus, 1758) Tridacna crocea Lamarck, 1819 Tridacna derasa (Röding, 1798) + + + + + Tridacna gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Tridacna maxima (Röding, 1798) + + Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819 + + †Tridacna sp. (juv.) Vasticardium angulatum (Lamarck, 1819) + Vasticardium philippinense (Hedley, 1899) + + + Abbott, 1950 (as Cardita (Cardita) variegata); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011; CI3-D02] Tomlin, 1935 (as Trapezium angulatum [see Abbott & Dance, 1986]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Libitina oblonga); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]; Abbott, 1950; Solem, 1954 [after Abbott, 1950]; Maes, 1967; Barash & Danin, 1986 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D13-2011] Smith, 1911 (as Cardium (Fragum) rubescens [see ter Poorten, 2009]; type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cardium (Fragum) rubescens [see ter Poorten, 2009]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Afrocardium skeeti [see ter Poorten, 2009]); Schneider, 2002 (as Cardium rubescens [see ter Poorten, 2009]); Huber, 2010 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Huber, 2010; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK19; CK2-01] Wells, 1994 Marrat, 1879; Abbott, 1950; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Rosewater, 1965 (as Tridacna (Persikima) derasa); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Newman & Gomez, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010 Guppy, 1889; Smith, 1900a, 1911; Hanitsch, 1908 (as Tridacna gigantea [see Rosewater, 1965]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a, 1911]; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Elliot et al., 2009; Huber, 2010 Tomlin, 1935 (as Tridacna compressa [see Rosewater, 1965]); Rosewater, 1965 (as Tridacna (Chametrachea) maxima); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 Gibson-Hill, 1946; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Smith, 1909 [probably Tridacna maxima according to Tomlin, 1935] Maes, 1967 (as Trachycardium alternatum [see Vidal, 1999]); Wells, 1994 (as Acrosterigma alternatum [see Vidal, 1999]); Huber, 2010 Tomlin, 1935 (as Cardium (Trachycardium) philippinense); Wells et al., 1990 (as Trachycardium orbita [see Vidal, 1997]); Wells, 1994 (as Acrosterigma orbita [see Vidal, 1997]); Vidal, 1997 (as Vasticardium orbita philippinense); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Acrosterigma orbita [see Vidal, 1997]); ter Poorten, 2009 [after Wells, 1994]; Huber, 2010 330 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Family Chamidae Chama aspersa Reeve, 1846 Chama brassica Reeve, 1847 + Chama croceata Lamarck, 1819 CK Records/Remarks + Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Huber, 2010 Maes, 1967 (as Chama “imbricata Broderip, 1834” non Lamarck, 1801 [see Raines & Huber, 2012]); Wells, 1994 (as Chama imbricata [after Maes, 1967]); Huber, 2010 Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 Wells, 1994 (as Chama cf. iostoma [see Huber, 2010]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Chama iostoma [see Huber, 2010]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Huber, 2010 Maes, 1967 (unidentiied young specimens; may be C. aspersa or C. brassica); Wells, 1994 + Chama lazarus Linnaeus, 1758 + + Chama cf. limbula Lamarck, 1819 + + Chama paciica Broderip, 1835 + + Chama sp. + Family Sportellidae cf. Anisodonta sp. + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Family Galeommatidae Barclayia incerta (Deshayes, 1863) + Scintillona sp. + Maes, 1967 (as Barrimysia incerta); Wells, 1994 (as Barrimysia incerta [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Family Lasaeidae Fronsella cf. fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927) + Hitia ovalis Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938 + †Erycinacea sp. + Family Keliellidae Nesobornia paciica (Hedley, 1899) + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Besobornia paciica [sic; after Maes, 1967]) Family Tellinidae Cadella semitorta (Sowerby, 1867) Exotica triradiata (H. Adams, 1871) Jactellina obliquaria (Deshayes, 1855) + + + Loxoglypta clathrata (Deshayes, 1835) + Loxoglypta obliquilineata (Conrad, 1837) Loxoglypta rhomboides (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) Loxoglypta sp. Macoma dispar (Conrad, 1837) + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]) This study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-no stn] Maes, 1967 (as Jactellina (Jactellina) obliquaria); Wells, 1994 (as Tellina obliquaria) Maes, 1967 (as Jactellina (Loxoglypta) clathrata); Wells, 1994 (as Tellina clathrata) Wells, 1994 (as Macoma obliquilineata) Lynge, 1909 (Tellina (Angulus?) rhomboides) + + Pharaonella perna (Spengler, 1798) Pharaonella tongana (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) Pinguitellina pinguis (Hanley, 1844) Pinguitellina robusta (Hanley, 1844) Quadrans gargadia (Linnaeus, 1758) Quidnipagus palatam (Iredale, 1929) + + + + Scissulina sp. Scutarcopagia linguafelis (Linnaeus, 1758) Scutarcopagia scobinata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + + Maes, 1967 (as Fronsella cf. fugitaniana [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Fronsella cf. fugitaniana [after Maes, 1967] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (undetermined; possibly Hitia ovalis); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Exotica (? Loxoglypta) sp.) Maes, 1967 (as Scissulina dispar); Wells, 1994 (as Tellina dispar); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK3] Wells, 1994 (as Tellina perna) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Tellina tongana) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Tellina pinguis [after Maes, 1967]) Wells, 1994 (as Tellina robusta) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Arcopagia palatam); Wells, 1994 (as Arcopagia palatum [after Maes, 1967], also as Tellina palatum [sic]) Maes, 1967 (uncertain, as ?Scissulina sp.) Wells, 1994 (as Tellina linguafelis) Marrat, 1879 (as Arcopagia scobinata); Smith, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 (as Tellina (Arcopagia) scobinata); Abbott, 1950 (as Arcopagia (Scutarcopagia) scobinata); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990 (as Tellina scobinata); Wells, 1994 (as Arcopagia scobinata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 331 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks Semelangulus tenuilirata (Sowerby II, 1867) Tellina chariessa Salisbury, 1934 Tellina sp. Tellinella crassiplicata (Sowerby II, 1869) + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Tellina tenuilirata) + + + Tellinella crucigera (Lamarck, 1818) Tellinella pulcherrima (Sowerby I, 1825) Tellinella virgata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Abbott, 1950 (as Tellina (Tellinella) crassiplicata); Maes, 1967: Wells, 1994 (as Tellina crassiplicata) Wells, 1994 (as Tellina crucigera) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Tellina pulcherrima [after Maes, 1967]) Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Tellina virgata) + Family Psammobiidae Asaphis violascens (Forsskål, 1775) Gari maculosa (Lamarck, 1818) Gari pennata (Deshayes, 1855) Gari sp. Family Semelidae Abra sp. Semele australis (Sowerby I, 1833) Semele crenulata (Sowerby I in Reeve, 1853) Semele sp. Thyellisca hargravesi (H. Adams, 1873) + + + + + + + + Abbott, 1950 (as Asaphis delorata [see Maes, 1967; see also Willan, 1993]); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Huber, 2010 Wells, 1994 + + Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967 Maes, 1967 (as Thyella cf. lamellosa [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as Thyella cf. lamellosa [after Maes, 1967; see Huber, 2010]); Huber, 2010 (as Thyellisca hargravesi) [after Maes, 1967] Family Ungulinidae Diplodonta sp. + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Family Veneridae Antigona albocancellata Huber, 2010 + Antigona crispata (Deshayes, 1853) Antigona lacerata (Hanley, 1844) + + Antigona laqueata (Sowerby II, 1853) Antigona puerpera (Linnaeus, 1771) Antigona reticulata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Abbott, 1950 (as Venus (Periglypta) puerpera [see Maes, 1967]); Maes, 1967 (as Periglypta clathrata [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as Periglypta clathrata [after Maes, 1967]) Wells, 1994 (as Periglypta crispata) Whitehead, 1997 (as Periglypta lacerata [see Coan & Kabat, 2012; Huber, 2010]) Wells, 1994 (as Periglypta chemnitzii [see Huber, 2010]) Wells, 1994 (as Periglypta puerpera) Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990 (as Periglypta reticulata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pteriglypta reticulata); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Periglypta reticulata); Huber, 2010 This study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK-no stn., West Island, beach next to golf course, seagrass bed] Maes, 1967 (as Ventricolaria toreuma); Wells et al., 1990 (as Venus toreuma); Wells, 1994 (as Ventricolaria toreuma); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Venus toreuma); Huber, 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D15-2011; CI3-D02] Wells, 1994; Lamprell & Healy, 2002 Maes, 1967 (as Katelysia cf. striata [see Abbott & Dance, 1986]); Wells, 1994 (as Katelysia cf. striata [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (with some doubt as Pitar ? afinis); Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Lioconcha hebraea); Wells, 1994 (as Lioconcha hebraea) Abbott, 1950 (as Pitar (Pitarina) prora); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Lamprell & Healy, 1997 (as Pitar (Pitarina) prora) Lamprell & Healy, 1997 (as Pitar (Pitarina) sophiae); Huber, 2010; ANSP (as Pitar (Pitarina) sophiae) Abbott, 1950 (as Paphia (Tapes) literata); Maes, 1967 (as Tapes literata) Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Protothaca marica); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells, 1994 (as Glycodonta sp. [sic; Glycydonta]) Newton, 1900 + + Gafrarium pectinatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Globivenus toreuma (Gould, 1850) + + + Lioconcha castrensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Marcia cf. japonica (Gmelin, 1791) + + Pitar cf. afinis (Gmelin, 1791) Pitar hebraeus (Lamarck, 1818) Pitar prora (Conrad, 1837) + + + Pitar sophiae (Angas, 1877) Tapes literatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tapes cf. literatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Timoclea marica (Linnaeus, 1758) Timoclea sp. Venus verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 + + + + + + 332 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Venus sp. + Family Corbulidae Corbula sp. Potamocorbula nimbosa (Hanley, 1843) CK Newton, 1900 [possibly Antigona sp.] + + Family Teredinidae Bankia rochi Moll in Moll & Roch, 1931 + Spathoteredo obtusa (Sivickis, 1928) + Teredo sp. + †Xylotrya sp. “1” + †Xylotrya sp. “2” + †Xylotrya sp. “3” + Xylotrya sp. 1 Xylotrya sp. 2 + + Family Gastrochaenidae Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler, 1783 Gastrochaena sp. + Records/Remarks Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (as Corbula ustulata [see Huber, 2010]); Wells, 1994 (as Corbula ustulata [after Maes, 1967]) Moll & Roch, 1931 (type locality: Christmas Island, south of Java); Turner, 1966 [after Moll & Roch, 1931]; Tan, 1970 [after Moll & Roch, 1931] Moll & Roch, 1931 (as Teredo murrayi [see Turner, 1966]; type locality: Christmas Island off Java); Roch, 1955 (as Teredo (Spathoteredo) bataviana [see Turner, 1966]) Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935] Smith, 1909, 1911 (two or three unidentiied species mentioned [most species attributed to this genus are presently Bankia; see Turner, 1966]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911] Smith, 1909, 1911 (two or three unidentiied species mentioned [most species attributed to this genus are presently Bankia; see Turner, 1966]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911] Smith, 1909, 1911 (two or three unidentiied species mentioned [most species attributed to this genus are presently Bankia; see Turner, 1966]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 CLASS GASTROPODA Family Eoacmaeidae Eoacmaea profunda (Deshayes, 1863) Family Patellidae Scutellastra lexuosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) Family Fissurellidae Diodora granifera (Pease, 1861) Diodora singaporensis (Reeve, 1850) Diodora ticaonica (Reeve, 1850) Emarginula sp. “1” Emarginula sp. “2” Emarginula sp. ?Megatebennus sp. Montfortula rugosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) Monfortula sp. Scutus unguis (Linnaeus, 1758) Fissurellidae sp. + Tomlin, 1935 (as Cellana profunda); Wells et al., 1990 (as Patelloida profunda); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as both Cellana profunda and Patelloida profunda); Kirkendale & Meyer, 2004 (as Patelloida cf. profunda); this study [Christmas Island: CI-33; CI-04-2011; CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-24] + This study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011] + + This study [Christmas Island: CI-D02-2011] Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Glyphis singaporensis); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (two unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Maes, 1967 (two unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Emarginula sp.) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as ? Megatebennus sp.) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] + + + + + + + + + Family Haliotidae Haliotis clathrata Reeve, 1846 + Haliotis planata Sowerby, 1882 + Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Clypidina (Monfortula) sp.) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (not determined to genus or species) Wells et al., 1990 (as Haliotis venusta [see Geiger & Owen, 2012]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Haliotis venusta [see Geiger & Owen, 2012]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-D17-2011; CI3-D01] Colman, 1985; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Colman, 1985] 333 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Haliotis pustulata Reeve, 1846 Haliotis varia Linnaeus, 1758 Haliotis sp. (juv.) + + + Family Scissurellidae Scissurellidae sp. Satondella cachoi Luque, Geiger & Rolan, 2011 Sinezona plicata (Hedley, 1899) Trogloconcha ohashii Kase & Kano, 2002 CK Records/Remarks Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 This study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-23] Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911] + + + + Maes, 1967 (not identified to genus or species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Luque et al., 2011 Geiger & Jansen, 2004b Kase & Kano, 2002 Family Anatomidae Thieleella equatoria (Hedley, 1899) + Geiger & Jansen, 2004a Family Angariidae Angaria cf. aculeata (Reeve, 1843) Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Angaria cf. A. aculeata) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Family Seguenziidae Anxietas perplexa Iredale, 1917 + Seguenzia sp. + Iredale, 1917 (type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as Amphithalamus (Anxietas) perplexus); Ponder, 1985 [after Iredale, 1917]; Marshall, 1991 [after Iredale, 1917]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Amphithalamus perplexus) [after Tomlin, 1935] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Family Chilodontidae Herpetopoma cf. instrictum (Gould, 1849) + Hybochelus cancellatus (Krauss, 1848) + Vaceuchelus foveolatus (A. Adams, 1853) + Family Trochidae Broderipia rosea (Broderip, 1834) Chrysostoma paradoxum (von Born, 1778) Clanculus clanguloides (Wood, 1828) Trochus intextus Kiener, 1850 Trochus maculatus Linnaeus, 1758 + + + + + + Trochus sp. Ethalia striolata (A. Adams, 1855) + + + Monilea nucleus (Philippi, 1849) Monilea cf. nucleus (Philippi, 1849) Pseudostomatella sp. Stomatella impertusa (Burrow, 1815) + + + Stomatella varia (A. Adams, 1850) Stomatia phymotis Helbling, 1779 + + + Stomatolina rubra (Lamarck, 1822) + + + Stomatolina cf. rubra (Lamarck, 1822) + Stomatia sulcata (Lamarck, 1816) Synaptocochlea sp. + + Maes, 1967 (as Euchelus cf. instrictus); Wells, 1994 (as Euchelus cf. instrictus [after Maes, 1967]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01] Maes, 1967 (as Euchelus foveolatus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Euchelus foveolatus); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Euchelus foveolatus); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D16-2011] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D19-2011] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 ANSP Abbott, 1950 (as Trochus (Infundibulum) maculatus); Maes, 1967; Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2; CK22; CK2-05; CK2-07; CK2-19] Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Lamprostoma, sp. (young) [see Herbert, 1993]) Maes, 1967 [incorrect and probably Trochus lifuanus Fischer, 1878 (= Monilea lifuana) according to Herbert, 1992]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D19-2011] Maes, 1967 Wells, 1994 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (as Stomatella impertussa [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Stomatella impertussa [after Maes, 1967]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990 (as Pseudostomatella rubra); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pseudostomatella rubra) Maes, 1967 (as Stomatia cf. rubra); Wells, 1994 (as Stomatia cf. rubra [after Maes, 1967]) ANSP Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]) 334 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Family Turbinidae †Astraea petrosa (Wood) + CK Records/Remarks Astralium calcar (Linnaeus, 1758) Astralium cf. rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) + Collonista ilifera (Deshayes, 1863) + Parviturbo parvissima (Hedley, 1899) Tectus conus (Gmelin, 1791) + Tectus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1767) + + Tectus pyramis (Born, 1778) Tectus virgatus (Gmelin, 1791) †cf. Tectus sp. Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 + + + + + Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839) + + Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758 + + †cf. Turbo sp. + Tomlin, 1935 [= Cerithium petrosa of Wood (1828)?; no turbinid with the speciic epithet of petrosa is known, nor has any similarly named taxon of Wood been located; could also be referring to Trochus petrosus Martyn, 1784, the figure of which somewhat resembles Australium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822)] Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Astraea helicina [see Meyer et al., 2005]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Astralium rhodostoma [see Meyer et al., 2005]); Wells, 1994 (as Astraea helicina [see Meyer et al., 2005]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Astraea rhodostoma [see Meyer et al., 2005]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011; CI3-D03] Tomlin, 1935 (as Leptothyra ilifera); this study [Christmas Island: CID19-2011; CI3-17; CI3-D05] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Tectus (Rochia) conus); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D11-2011; CI-D15-2011; CID18-2011; CI3-26] Smith, 1911 (as Trochus niloticus); Tomlin, 1935 (as Trochus (Rochia) niloticus [after Smith, 1911]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Tectus (Rochia) niloticus); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Newton, 1900 Tomlin, 1935 (as Trochus (Cardinalia) vigatus) Newton, 1900 (as Tectus?; tentatively identiied from a fragmentary cast) Abbott, 1950 (as Turbo (Marmorostoma) argyrostomus); Maes, 1967 (as Turbo (Marmorostoma) argyrostomus [after Abbott, 1950, and possibly juvenile Turbo lajonkairii]); Armstrong, 1991; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Turbo argyrostoma); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2] Reeve, 1848; Paetel, 1883; Smith, 1887, 1900a, 1911 (as Turbo lajonkairei [sic]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Turbo (Senectus) lajonkairii); Smith, in WoodJones, 1910, 1912; Gibson-Hill, 1946 (as Turbo (Senectus) lajonkairii); Abbott, 1950 (as Turbo (Marmorostoma) iajonkairii [sic]); Maes, 1967 (as Turbo (Marmorostoma) lajonkairii); Tomlinson, 1969 (as Turbo lajonkairi [sic; from Wake Island]; Abbott & Dance, 1986; Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011; CI-D16-2011; CI3-26; CI3-D01. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK18] Smith in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Turbo (Turbo) petholatus); Maes, 1967 (as Turbo (Turbo) petholatus); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D13-2011; CI-D15-2011; CI-D162011; CI-D19-2011; CI3-D05. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03; CK2-07] Newton, 1900 (uncertain, as Turbo?) Family Liotiidae Liotina sp. + This study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05] + + + Family Phasianellidae Tricolia variabilis (Pease, 1861) + Maes, 1967 (as Hiloa variabilis); Wells, 1994 (as Hiloa variabilis [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Tricolia sp. cf. Tricolia variabilis) Family Colloniidae Leptothyra solida Preston, 1908 + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Family Hydrocenidae Georissa williamsi Godwin-Austen, 1889 Georissa aff. williamsi Godwin-Austen, 1889 Georissa sp. Family Neritiliidae Laddia traceyi (Ladd, 1965) + Laidlaw, 1935 (as Georissa javana [see Thompson & Dance, 1983]); Beeton et al., 2010 Beeton et al., 2010 + Beeton et al., 2010 + Kano & Kase, 2008 + 335 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Pisulina adamsiana G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 Pisulina maxima Kano & Kase, 2000 Pisulina tenuis Kano & Kase, 2000 + + + CK Records/Remarks + Loch, 1994; Dekker, 2000 [after Loch, 1994]; Kano & Kase, 2000; Kano & Kase, 2002; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D04-2011] Kano & Kase, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D04; CI3-D06] Kano & Kase, 2008 Family Neritidae Clithon corona (Linnaeus, 1758) Clithon chlorostoma (Sowerby I, 1833) Neripteron bensoni (Récluz, 1850 Nerita albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 + + + + + Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758 Nerita costata Gmelin, 1791 + + + Nerita grossa Linnaeus, 1758 + + Nerita histrio Linnaeus, 1758 + + Nerita incerta Von dem Busch in Philippi, 1844 Nerita insculpta Récluz, 1841 + Nerita maxima Gmelin, 1791 + Nerita nigrita Röding, 1798 Nerita ocellata Le Guillou, 1841 †Nerita pica Gould, 1859 + + + Nerita plicata Linnaeus, 1758 + + Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758 + + + + Nerita undata Linnaeus, 1758 Nerita sp. + + Smaragdia rangiana (Récluz, 1841) Smaragdia souverbiana (Montrouzier, 1863) + + Family Phenacolepadidae Plesiothyreus elongatus (Thiele, 1909) + Plesiothyreus cf. senta (Hedley, 1899) + Plesiothyreus sp. + This study [Christmas Island: CI-09; CI-22-2011; CI3-03] This study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011] This study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011] Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita (Theliostyla) albicilla); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-07; CI3-13; CI3-23. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK7; CK16; CK2-02; CK2-21] This study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011] Smith, 1900a, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita (Cymostyla) costata); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-27-2011; CI-33-2011; CI3-13; CI3-25] Smith, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1911]; Wilson, 1993; this study [Christmas Island: CI-07] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Nerita squamulata [see Mienis, 2004]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Nerita squamulata [see Mienis, 2004]) This study [Christmas Island: CI3-23] Tomlin, 1935 (as Nerita georgina [see Kabat & Finet, 1992]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Nerita squamulata [the igure of Wells et al. (1990: pl. 6, ig. 26) clearly shows a Nerita insculpta]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI3-03; CI3-04] Smith, 1887; von Martens, 1889; Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI3-07; CI3-23; CI3-25] This study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-22-2011] This study [Christmas Island: CI3-23] Tomlin, 1935 [presently a synonym of Nerita japonica Dunker, 1860, an East Asian endemic; possibly referring to either Nerita incerta or Nerita ocellata] Smith, 1887; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita (Ritena) plicata); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-01-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-272011; CI3-07. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK16; CK2-02; CK2-10; CK2-16] Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Smith, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita (Amphinerita) polita); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-01; CI-03-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-39-2011; CI3-07; CI3-13; CI3-15; CI3-16. Cocos (keeling) Islands: CK16] Abbott, 1950 (as Nerita (Ritena) undata); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (unidentiied young specimens [probably one or more of the species listed above]); Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Tomlin, 1935 (as Phenacolepas elongata (A. Adams) [nomen nudum made available by Thiele, 1909]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Phenacolepas elongata [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967 (as Phenacolepas cf. senta); Wells, 1994 (as Phenacolepas cf. senta [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Phenacolepas sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Phenacolepas sp. [after Maes, 1967]) 336 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Records/Remarks Family Neritopsidae Neritopsis radula (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D04-2011; CI-D06-2011; CI3-D02; CI3-D03; CI3-D04; CI3-D04; CI3-D06; CI3-D06; CI3-D09] Family Cyclophoridae Leptopoma cf. wallacei (Pfeiffer, 1857) + Leptopoma sp. + Family Cerithiidae Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861 Bittium sp. “1” Bittium sp. “2” Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886) Smith, 1889, 1900b (as Leptopoma mouhoti Pfeiffer, 1861 var. [see Laidlaw, 1935]); Laidlaw, 1935 (as Japonia (?) wallacei subspecies) [apparently a yet unnamed if valid subspecies, herein regarded as L. wallacei for convenience]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-34-2011] Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (with uncertainty as ?L. mouhoti [very likely to be the same as Leptopoma cf. wallacei listed above]; see also Laidlaw, 1935]) + + + + Cerithium atromarginatum Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1933 + + Cerithium citrinum Sowerby II, 1855 Cerithium columna Sowerby I, 1834 + + + + Cerithium echinatum Lamarck, 1822 + + Cerithium egenum Gould, 1849 + + + + + + Cerithium ianthinum Gould, 1849 Cerithium cf. ianthinum Gould, 1849 Cerithium nesioticum Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1906 Cerithium nodulosum Bruguière, 1792 + Cerithium punctatum Bruguière, 1792 + + Cerithium II, 1855 Cerithium Cerithium Cerithium + + rostratum A. Adams in Sowerby tenellum Sowerby II, 1855 traillii Sowerby II, 1855 zebrum Kiener, 1841 Cerithium zonatum (Wood, 1828) + + + + Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967 (two species); Wells, 1994 (as Bittum [sic] sp.) Maes, 1967 (two species); Wells, 1994 (as Bittum [sic] sp.) Maes, 1967 (as Obtortio diplax); Wells, 1994 (as Obtortio diplax [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Conocerithium) atromarginatum); Wells et al., 1990; Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-14; CI3-23] Wells et al., 1990; Houbrick, 1992; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Contumax) columna); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Contumax) echinatum); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D16-2011; CI3-D01. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK21; CK2-08; CK2-13; CK2-18; CK2-18] Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Conocerithium) egenum); Wells et al., 1990 (also as Cerithium rarimaculatum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Houbrick, 1992; Rehder, 1980 (as Cerithium (Thericium) egenum); Wells, 1994 (also as Cerithium rarimaculatum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Cerithium egenum and Cerithium rarimaculatum [see Houbrick, 1992]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-17. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18] Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Semivertagus) ianthinum) Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Semivertagus) nesioticum); Barash & Danin, 1986 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells et al., 1990 (as Cerithium spiculum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cerithium nesioticum and Cerithium spiculum [see Houbrick, 1992]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-272011; CI3-D01; CI3-D05; CI3-17] Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Cerithium) nodulosum); Maes, 1967; Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-19] Tomlin, 1935 (as Cerithium piperitum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Semivertagus) piperitum [see Houbrick, 1992]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cerithium alveolus [see Houbrick, 1992]); Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994 (as Cerithium piperitum [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cerithium alveolus [see Houbrick, 1992); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-17. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-15] Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Ischnocerithium) rostratum); Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994 Houbrick, 1992 Wells, 1994 Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Cerithium zebra var.); Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Bittium zebrum) [after Tomlin, 1935] Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium purpurascens [see Houbrick, 1992]); Houbrick, 1992; Wells, 1994 (as Cerithium purpurascens [after Maes, 1967] [see Houbrick, 1992]) 337 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks Cerithium sp. Clypeomorus bifasciata (Sowerby II, 1855) Clypeomorus nympha Houbrick, 1985 + + + Gourmya gourmyi (Crosse, 1861) Pictorium koperbergi (Schepman, 1907) Rhinoclavis articulata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) + + + + Rhinoclavis aspera (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Rhinoclavis diadema Houbrick, 1978 Rhinoclavis fasciata (Bruguière, 1792) + + + Rhinoclavis sinensis (Gmelin, 1791) + + Royella sinon (Bayle, 1880) + Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium (Clypeomorus) sp.) Wells, 1994 Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Clypeomorus) sejunctum [see Houbrick, 1985]; Houbrick, 1985 (as Clypeomorus nympha [replacement name for sejunctum Iredale, 1929 (non Zekeli, 1852)]); Maes, 1967 (as Cerithium sejunctum [after Abbott, 1950]) Wells, 1994 (as Gourmya gourmyii) Strong & Bouchet, 2013 Wells et al., 1990 (as Rhinoclavis articulatus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Rhinoclavis articulatus); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D04. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2] Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Rhinoclavis) asper); Maes, 1967 (as Rhinoclavis asper); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Rhinoclavis asper); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Rhinoclavis asper) Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (as Rhinoclavis procera [see Wells, 1994]); Wells, 1994 (as Rhinoclavis fasciatus) Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Rhinoclavis) sinensis); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011] Abbott, 1950 (as Cerithium (Rhinoclavis) vertagus); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK3; CK2-01; CK2-22] Tomlin, 1935 Family Turritellidae Turritella concava von Martens, 1880 + Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Colman, 1985] Family Dialidae Diala albugo (Watson, 1886) Diala semistriata (Philippi, 1849) Diala sulcifera sulcifera (A. Adams, 1862) + + Family Modulidae Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791) Family Planaxidae Angiola fasciata (Pease, 1868) Rhinoclavis vertagus (Linnaeus, 1767) + + Maes, 1967; Ponder & de Keyzer, 1992; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Ponder & de Keyzer, 1992 Ponder & de Keyzer, 1992 + + Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 + + Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-21] Maes, 1967 (as Planaxis lineatus); Wells, 1994 (as Planaxis lineatus [after Maes, 1994]) Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Planaxis longispira); Tomlin, 1935 (as Planaxis longispira) Maes, 1967 (as Couthouyia stoliczkanus); Wells, 1994 (as Couthouyia stoliczkanus [after Maes, 1967]) Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Maes, 1967 Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-13] Angiola lineata (da Costa, 1778) Angiola longispira (Smith, 1872) + + Fossarus stoliczkanus (Nevill & Nevill, 1871) Fossarus trochlearis (A. Adams, 1853) Planaxis niger Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 + Family Plesiotrochidae Plesiotrochus ischeri Smith, 1909 + Smith, 1909 (type locality: Christmas Island), 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935] Family Scaliolidae Finella rugosa (Laseron, 1956) + Laseron, 1956b (as Obtortio rugosa; type locality: Christmas Island) Family Cypraeidae Arestorides argus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea argus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea argus [after Wells et al., 1990]) ANSP Bistolida goodalli (Gray in Sowerby I, 1832) Bistolida kieneri (Hidalgo, 1906) + + + + Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea kieneri); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea kieneri [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-16] 338 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Records/Remarks Bistolida stolida (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea stolida); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea stolida); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea stolida [after Wells et al., 1990]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea stolida) Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea hirundo); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Blasicrura) hirundo); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea hirundo); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea hirundo) Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Callistocypraea) testudinaria); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea testudinaria); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea testudinaria); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea testudinaria); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea testudinaria) Marrat, 1879; Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) tigris); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK8; CK2-05] Newton, 1900 [probably belonging to the Lyncina group] Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea boivinii); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea boivinii [after Maes, 1967]) Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea erosa); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Erosaria) erosa); Schilder & Schilder, 1938 (as Erosaria (Erosaria) phagedaina) [see Lorenz & Fehse, 2009]; Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea erosa); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea erosa); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea erosa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea erosa); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011; CI3-D02] Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea helvola); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Erosaria) helvola); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea helvola); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea helvola); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea helvola); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea helvola); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011; CI3-D02] Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea labrolineata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea labrolineata); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea labrolineata); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Cypraea labrolineata); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011] Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Cypraea poraria); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea poraria [after Smith, 1909, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Erosaria) poraria); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea poraria); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea poraria); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea poraria); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea poraria [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D07-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13] Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea caurica); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea caurica); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea caurica [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea errones); Schilder & Schilder, 1938 (as Erronea (Erronea) errones) Tomlin, 1935 (as Pustularia childreni); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea childreni); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea childreni) Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea isabella); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea isabella); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Luria) isabella); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea isabella); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea isabella); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea isabella); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea isabella); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D04-2011] Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) carneola); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea carneola); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea carneola); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea carneola); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea carneola); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011; CI3-D02; CI3-D06] Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea lynx); Smith, 1900a, 1911(as Cypraea lynx); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea lynx); Oostingh, 1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) lynx [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea lynx [after Smith, 1900a, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) lynx); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea lynx); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea lynx); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea lynx); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea lynx); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011; CI-D08-2011; CI3-D02. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03] Colman, 1985; Kay, 1990; Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea ventriculus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea ventriculus) Meyer, 2004 (as Lyncina sp. nov. cf. ventriculus) Blasicrura hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758) + Chelycypraea testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758 + + †Cypraea sp. Erosaria boivinii (Kiener, 1843) + Erosaria erosa (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Erosaria helvola (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Erosaria labrolineata (Gaskoin, 1849) + + Erosaria poraria (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Erronea caurica (Linnaeus, 1758) + Erronea errones (Linnaeus, 1758) + Ipsa childreni (Gray, 1825) + Luria isabella (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Lyncina carneola (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Lyncina lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Lyncina ventriculus (Lamarck, 1810) + Lyncina sp. + 339 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks Lyncina vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Mauritia arabica (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Mauritia depressa dispersa Schilder & Schilder, 1939 + + Mauritia histrio (Gmelin, 1791) + + Mauritia mauritiana (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Mauritia scurra (Gmelin, 1791) + Monetaria annulus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Monetaria caputserpentis (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea vitellus); Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Cypraea vitellus); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea vitellus); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea vitellus [after Smith, 1900a, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) vitellus); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea vitellus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea vitellus); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea vitellus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea vitellus [after Wells et al., 1990]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea vitellus); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-07] Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea arabica); Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Cypraea arabica); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea arabica); Oostingh, 1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) arabica [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea arabica [after Smith, 1900a, 1911); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea arabica); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea arabica); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea arabica); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea arabica); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-23; CI3-23; CI3-25] Smith, 1911 (as Cypraea arabica var. gillei [misidentiication; a junior synonym of Mauritia maculifera which does not occur in the Indian Ocean; see Lorenz & Hubert, 2000]); Schilder & Schilder, 1934 (as Cypraea depressa); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea arabica var. gillei [after Smith, 1911; see also discussion under Cypraea (Mauritia) depressa in Abbott, 1950]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Mauritia) depressa); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea depressa dispersa); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea depressa); Wilson, 1993 (as Mauritia depressa); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea depressa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea depressa); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-07] Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea histrio); Smith, 1900a (as Cypraea arabica var. reticulata [a junior synonym of Mauritia maculifera which does not occur in the Indian Ocean (see Lorenz & Hubert, 2000); Smith’s record is this species according to Abbott, 1950]; Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea histrio [purportedly after Smith, 1900a, but record not located]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Mauritia) histrio); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea histrio); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea histrio); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea histrio); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea histrio); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK7] Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Smith, 1911 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Oostingh, 1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) mauritiana [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea mauritiana [after Smith, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Mauritia) mauritiana); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea mauritiana); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea mauritania [sic] [after Wells et al., 1990]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea mauritiana); this study [Christmas Island: CI-04-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-07. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-09] Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea scurra); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea scurra) Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Cypraea annulus); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea annulus); Oostingh, 1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) annulus [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea annulus [after Smith, 1900a, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Monetaria) annulus); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea annulus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea annulus); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea annulus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea annulus); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK-no stn; CK2-19] Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea caput-serpentis); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea caput-serpentis); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Erosaria) caputserpentis); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea caputserpentis); Tissot, 1998; Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea caputserpentis); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea caputserpentis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea caputserpentis); this study [Christmas Island: CI-05-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-07; CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15] 340 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Records/Remarks Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Notadusta punctata (Linnaeus, 1771) Nucleolaria nucleus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Ovatipsa chinensis (Gmelin, 1791) + + Ovatipsa coloba (Melvill, 1888) Palmadusta asellus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Palmadusta clandestina (Linnaeus, 1767) + Palmadusta contaminata (Sowerby I, 1832) + Palmadusta ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758) + Purpuradusta imbriata (Gmelin, 1791) + + Purpuradusta microdon (Gray, 1828) + + Purpuradusta cf. microdon (Gray, 1828) Purpuradusta minoridens (Melvill, 1901) + + Pustularia bistrinotata bistrinotata Schilder & Schilder, 1937 + Pustularia cicercula (Linnaeus, 1758) + Pustularia globulus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Staphylaea limacina (Lamarck, 1810) Staphylaea staphylaea (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Talostolida teres (Gmelin, 1791) + + Talparia talpa (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Cypraea moneta); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea moneta); Oostingh, 1925 (as Cypraea (Cypraea) moneta [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea moneta [after Smith, 1900a, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Monetaria) moneta); Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea moneta); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea moneta); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea moneta); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea moneta); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea moneta); this study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011; CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2; CK3; CK16; CK2-01; CK2-19] Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea punctata) Abbott, 1950 (as Cypraea (Staphylaea) nucleus); Maes, 1967 (as Staphylaea nucleus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea nucleus); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea nucleus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea nucleus and Cypraea staphylaea) Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea chinensis); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea chinensis); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea chinensis [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea chinensis [after Wells et al., 1990]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea chinensis) Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea coloba) Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea asellus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea asellus [after Wells et al., 1990]) Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea clandestina); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea clandestina [after Wells et al., 1990]) Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea contaminata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea contaminata [after Wells et al., 1990]) Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea ziczac); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea ziczac [after Wells et al., 1990]) Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea imbriata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea imbriata); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea imbriata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea imbriata [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01] Maes, 1967 (as Cypraea microdon); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea microdon); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea microdon); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea microdon [after Wells et al., 1990]) This study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011] Tomlin, 1935 (as Cypraea minoridens); Wilson, 1993; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Cypraea minoridens) Schilder & Schilder, 1940 (as Pustularia bistrinotata keelingensis Schilder & Schilder, 1940 [see Lorenz & Hubert, 2000]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea bistrinotata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea bistrinotata); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05] Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea cicerula [sic] [after Tomlin, 1935]) Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Cypraea globulus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea globulus); Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea globulus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea globulus [after Wells et al., 1990]) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea limacina) Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea staphylaea); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea staphylaea); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05] Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea teres); Wilson, 1993 (as Cypraea teres); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea teres); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea teres); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea teres); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D02] Wells et al., 1990 (as Cypraea talpa); Wells, 1994 (as Cypraea talpa); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cypraea talpa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cypraea talpa [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011] Family Ovulidae Calpurnus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b 341 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks Phenacovolva nectarea Iredale, 1930 + + Procalpurnus lacteus (Lamarck, 1810) + + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Phenacovolva tokioi [see Lorenz & Fehse, 2009]) Maes, 1967 (as Calpurnus lacteus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Calpurnus lacteus); Wells, 1994 (as Calpurnus lacteus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Calpurnus lacteus [after Wells et al., 1990]) Marrat, 1879 (as Cypraea-ovula adamsonii); Maes, 1967 (as Pseudocypraea adamsoni); Wells, 1994 (as Pseudocypraea adamsoni [after Maes, 1967]) Schilder & Schilder, 1938 (as Pustularia (Ipsa) lemuria [see Lorenz & Fehse, 2009]); Lorenz & Fehse, 2009 Pseudocypraea adamsonii (Sowerby I, 1832) Volva volva (Linnaeus, 1758) + Family Littorinidae Echinolittorina reticulata (Anton, 1838) + + Echinolittorina wallaceana Reid, 2007 + + + Littoraria coccinea (Gmelin, 1791) + Littoraria scabra (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Littoraria subvittata Reid, 1986 Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839) + + + Family Pickworthiidae Chrystella islandica Laseron, 1956 + Discrevinia balba Laseron, 1956 + Microliotia koizumii Kase, 1998 Microliotia mirabilis (Kuroda & Habe, 1991) Reynellona natalis Iredale, 1917 + + + Smith, 1887 (as Littorina granicostata [see discussion in Reid, 2007]; type locality: Christmas Island); Smith, 1889 (as Littorina insularis, proposed replacement name for Littorina granicostata in footnote [see also Reid, 2007]); Smith, 1891 (as Littorina grano-costata [sic] [see Reid, 2007]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Littorina granocostata [sic]); Maes, 1967 (as Tectarius granularis [see Reid, 2007]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Nodilittorina millegrana [see Reid, 2007]); Wells, 1994 (as Tectarius granularis [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Nodolittorina millegrana [see Reid, 2007]); Reid, 2007; this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-22] Smith, 1887 (as Littorina moluccana [error for malaccana according to Reid, 2007]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Tectarius malaccanus [see Reid, 2007]); Maes, 1967 (as Nodilittorina pyramidalis [see Reid, 2007]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Nodilittorina pyramidalis [see Reid, 2007]); Wells, 1994 (as Nodilittorina pyramidalis [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Nodilittorina pyramidalis [see Reid, 2007]); Reid, 2007; this study [Christmas Island: CI-01-2011; CI-D07-2011; CI3-22] Abbott, 1950 (as Littorina obesa [see Reid, 1986]); Maes, 1967 (also as Littoraria glabrata [see Reid et al., 2010]); Rosewater, 1970; Wells, 1994 [after Abbott, 1950, and glabrata after Maes, 1967]); Low & Tan, 2014 (after Rosewater, 1970) Abbott, 1950 (as Littorina scabra); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Littorina scabra); this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-06; CK2-10] Reid, 1986 (as Littoraria (Littorinopsis) subvittata) Smith, 1887 (as Littorina picta [synonym of Echinolittorina hawaiiensis, see Reid, 2007; referring to this species according to Tomlin, 1935]); Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Littorina undulata); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Littorina undulata); this study [Christmas Island: CI-01-2011; CI-03-2011; CI04-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-33-2011; CI3-22. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05; CK2-09; CK2-10] Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Warén, 1983a [after Laseron, 1956b]; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003; Moolenbeek & Mussai, 2010 [after Laseron, 1956b] Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003 [after Laseron, 1956b]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D03; CI3-D06] This study [Christmas Island: CI3-D06] Takano & Kano, 2014; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D04; CI3-D06] Iredale, 1917 (type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as Sansonia (Reynellona) natalis [after Iredale, 1917]); Shikano, 1990 (as Sansonia (Reynellona) natalis) [Shikano’s (1990) record from Okinawa means that this species is no longer endemic]); Kase, 1998 [after Shikano, 1990]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Sansonia natalis) [after Tomlin, 1935]; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003 [after Iredale, 1917] 342 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Sansonia andamanica (Preston, 1908) + Iredale, 1917 (as Pickworthia andrewsi [see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003]; type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 (as Sansonia sansonia [see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Sansonia sansonia [see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003] [after Tomlin, 1935]); Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003 Sansonia kirkpatricki (Iredale, 1917) + Sansonia umbilicata Jousseaume, 1921 Sansoniella minuta (Hornung & Mermod, 1927) + + Sherbornia mirabilis Iredale, 1917 + Iredale, 1917 (as Pickworthia kirkpatricki; type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 [after Iredale, 1917]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003 Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003 Laseron, 1956b (as Merelina hians [see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003; see also Moolenbeek, 2008]; type locality: Christmas Island); Le Renard & Bouchet, 2004 (as Clatrosansonia minuta) [after Laseron, 1956b]; Moolenbeek, 2008 (as Sansoniella minuta) [after Laseron, 1956b] Iredale, 1917 (type locality: Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 [after Iredale, 1917]; Cernohorsky, 1981 [after Iredale, 1917]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003 Family Naticidae Eunaticina papilla (Gmelin, 1791) Mammilla melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791) CK Records/Remarks Tectonatica robillardi (Sowerby III, 1894) + Wells, 1994 Abbott, 1950 (as Polinices melanostoma); Maes, 1967 (as Polinices melanostoma); Wells, 1994 (as Polinices melanostomus) Wells et al., 1990 (as Polinices sebae); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Polinices sebae); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011] Maes, 1967 (as Polinices simiae); Wells, 1994 (as Polinices simiae [after Maes, 1967]) Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species) Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species) Maes, 1967 (as Natica lineozona); Wells, 1994 (as Natica lineozona [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Natica orientalis); Kilburn, 1976 (as Natica (Naticarius) orientalis [after Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994 (as Natica orientalis [after Maes, 1967]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Natica orientalis) Maes, 1967 (as Natica lemniscata [see Kilburn, 1976; Rehder, 1980]); Kilburn, 1976 (as Natica (Natica) cernica [after Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994 (as Natica lemniscata [after Maes, 1967]) [Natica lemniscata Philippi, 1852, is a junior synonym of Natica marochiensis which is not an Indo-West Paciic species, and Maes’ (1967) record from the Cocos-Keeling Islands was identiied as Notocochlis cernica by Kilburn (1976) and Rehder (1980)] Abbott, 1950 (as Natica marochiensis [see Kabat, 2000]); Wells, 1994 (also as Natica marochiensis [after Maes, 1967]) Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Polinices tumidus [see Kabat, 2000; also after Maes, 1967]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Natica areolata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Natica areolata) [after Tomlin, 1935] Wells et al., 1990 (as Natica picta); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Natica picta); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15; CI3-23] Maes, 1967 (as Natica robillardi); Wells, 1994 (as Natica robillardi) Family Atlantidae Atlanta sp. + Maes, 1967 Mammilla sebae (Récluz, 1844) + + + Mammilla simiae (Deshayes, 1838) + Natica fasciata (Röding, 1798) Natica sp. “1” Natica sp. “2” Naticarius lineozona (Jousseaume, 1874) + + + + Naticarius orientalis (Gmelin, 1791) + + Notocochlis cernica (Jousseaume, 1874) + Notocochlis gualtieriana (Récluz, 1844) + Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758) + Tanea areolata (Récluz, 1844) + Tanea picta (Récluz, 1844) + Family Rissoidae Alvania isolata (Laseron, 1956) + + Laseron, 1956b (as Haurakia isolata; type locality: Christmas Island); Maes, 1967 (as Haurakia isolata); Kay, 1979 (as Alvinia isolata); Wells, 1994 (as Haurakia isolata [after Maes, 1967]); Chang & Wu, 2004 [after Laseron, 1956; Maes, 1967]; Hasegawa, 2006 [after Laseron, 1956b] Family Rissoinidae Rissoina ambigua (Gould, 1849) + + Rissoina andamanica Weinkauff, 1881 + + Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Rissoina) ambigua); Wells, 1994 (as Rissoina ambigua [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 ANSP (as Rissoina (Rissoina) andamanica) 343 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species Rissoina Rissoina Rissoina Rissoina CI balteata Pease, 1869 exasperata Souverbie, 1866 isolata (Laseron, 1956) modesta Gould, 1861 + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Laseron, 1956b (as Costalynia isolata; type locality: Christmas Island) Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Zebinella) cf. tenuistriata [see Hasegawa, 2006]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Kase, 1998 (as Rissoina (Rissoina) modesta); Hasegawa, 2006; {Hasegawa (2006) discussed that Maes’ (1967) identiication of material from the Cocos-Keeling Islands as “Rissoina (Zebinella) cf. tenuistriata” was probably of Rissoina modesta Gould, 1861, or a “closely allied but different species”} Laseron, 1956b (as Austrosina evanida [see Sleurs, 1992]; type locality: Christmas Island); Sleurs, 1992; Chang & Wu, 2004 (as Rissoina evanida (Laseron, 1956), not Rissoina evanida G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874 [see Sleurs, 1992]); ANSP (as Rissoina (Rissoina) perita); {Laseron (1956b) described Austrosina evanida from Christmas Island. This species, now referable to the genus Rissoina, becomes a junior secondary homonym of Rissoina evanida G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874. Sleurs (1992) proposed the replacement name Rissoina perita} Laseron, 1956b (as Austrosina quinita; type locality: Christmas Island); Chang & Wu, 2004 [after Laseron, 1956b] Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Leal & Moore, 1989 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Laseron, 1956b (as Pandalosia delicatula; type locality: Christmas Island) Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Rissolina) ephamilla); Wells, 1994 (as Rissoina ephamilla [after Maes, 1967]) Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island) Laseron, 1956b (as Pandalosia oceanica; type locality: Christmas Island) Tomlin, 1935 (as Rissoina triticea); Abbott, 1950 (as Rissoina plicata [see Maes, 1967]); Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Schartziella) triticea); Wells, 1994 (as Rissoina triticea [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Rissoina tritica [sic]); Chang & Wu, 2004 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Schartziella) sp. Tomlin, 1935 (as Bittium hiloense); Kay, 1979 (as Isselia hiloense [after Tomlin, 1935]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935] Laseron, 1956b (as Isselia incisa; type locality: Christmas Island) Maes, 1967 (as Rissoina (Isselia) polytropa); Wells, 1994 (as Rissoina polytropa [after Maes, 1967]) Ponder, 1985 (as Zebina (Tomlinella) miranda) Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Sleurs, 1991 [after Laseron, 1956b] Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island) Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Chang & Wu, 2004 [after Laseron, 1956b]; Hasegawa, 2006 [after Laseron, 1956b] Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island); Sleurs & van Goethem, 2002 [after Laseron, 1956b] Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935] Sleurs & van Goethem, 2002 (as Zebina (Zebina ?) malagazzae) + + Rissoina quinita (Laseron, 1956) + Rissoina turricula Pease, 1861 + Rissoina sp. Schwartziella delicatula (Laseron, 1956) Schwartziella ephamilla (Watson, 1886) + + Schwartziella lata Laseron, 1956 Schwartziella oceanica (Laseron, 1956) Schwartziella triticea (Pease, 1861) + + + Schwartziella sp. Stosicia hiloense (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908) + + + + + + + Tomlinella miranda Viader, 1938 Zebina acicula Laseron, 1956 + Zebina constricta Laseron, 1956 Zebina isolata Laseron, 1956 + + Zebina linearis Laseron, 1956 + Zebina lis Tomlin, 1918 Zebina malagazzae Sleurs & van Goethem, 2002 Zebina semiplicata (Pease, 1862) Zebina tridentata (Michaud, 1830) Rissoinidae sp. + + Family Assimineidae Assiminea sp. Paludinella andrewsiana (Smith, 1900) Records/Remarks + Rissoina perita Sleurs, 1992 Stosicia incisa (Laseron, 1956) Stosicia polytropa (Hedley, 1899) CK + + + + + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (as Rissoidae sp.; several dead collected specimens determined only to family); Wells et al., 1990 (not identiied to genus or species; probably several species unidentified [a representative Rissoina sp. igured]); Wells, 1994 (as Rissoina sp. [after Maes, 1967]) + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Smith, 1900b (as Assiminea andrewsiana; type locality: Christmas Island); Laidlaw, 1935; Dammermann, 1948; Abbott, 1958 (as Assiminea andrewsiana [after Smith, 1900b]); Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (tentatively as ?A. andrewsiana [herein regarded provisionally as conspeciic]) 344 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CK Records/Remarks Family Caecidae Meioceras sp. + Maes, 1967 (as Caecum (Meioceras) sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Caecum sp. [after Maes, 1967]) Family Tornidae Teinostoma sp. Tornidae sp. + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (not identiied to genus or species, as Vitrinellidae sp. [see Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005]); Wells, 1994 (as Vitrinella sp. [after Maes, 1967] + + Smith, 1889, 1900b, 1909, 1911 (as Truncatella valida [see Clench & Turner, 1948]); Oostingh, 1923 (as Truncatella valida [after Smith, 1900]); Laidlaw, 1935 (as Truncatella valida [see Clench & Turner, 1948]); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Truncatella sp. cf. T. guerinii); Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001; Tan & Low, 2014; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-22] Family Strombidae Canarium microurceus Kira, 1959 + + Canarium mutabile (Swainson, 1821) + + Conomurex luhuanus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus microurceus); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus microurceus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Strombus microurceus); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-23] Abbott, 1950 (as Strombus flammeus [non Link, 1807; see Abbott, 1960]; Abbott, 1960 (as Strombus mutabilis); Maes, 1967 (as Strombus mutabilis); Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus mutabilis); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus mutabilis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Strombus mutabilis); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15] Maes, 1967 (as Strombus luhuanus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus luhuanus); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus luhuanus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Strombus luhuanus); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Strombus luhuanus) Maes, 1967 (as Strombus aurisdianae); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus aurisdianae) Abbott, 1950 (as Strombus gibberulus); Abbott, 1960 (as Strombus gibberulus gibberulus); Maes, 1967 (as Strombus gibberulus gibberulus); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus gibberulus); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-01] Abbott, 1950 (as Lambis chiragra); Maes, 1967 (as Lambis chiragra); Wells et al., 1990 (as Lambis chiragra); Wells, 1994 (as Lambis chiragra); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Lambis chiragra) [after Wells et al., 1990] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994; Williams, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; Bellchambers et al., 2011; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-19] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Marrat, 1879 (as Heptadactylus radix-bryoniae [sic; see Wilson, 1993]); Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Lambis truncata truncata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] ANSP Tomlin, 1935 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Abbott, 1950 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Abbott, 1960 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Maes, 1967 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Wells, 1994 (as Strombus lentiginosus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Strombus lentiginosus) Wells et al., 1990 (as Strombus dentatus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Strombus dentatus [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Strombus dentatus) Family Truncatellidae Truncatella guerinii A. Villa & J. Villa, 1841 CI Euprotomus aurisdianae (Linnaeus, 1758) + Gibberulus gibberulus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Harpago chiragra (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Lambis millepeda (Linnaeus, 1758) Lambis scorpius (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Lambis truncata truncata (Lightfoot, 1786) + + Lambis truncata sebae (Kiener, 1843) Lentigo lentiginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Tridentarius dentatus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Family Tonnidae Malea pomum (Linnaeus, 1758) + Tonna canaliculata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Marrat, 1879 (as Dolium pomum); Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Quimalea pomum); Wells, 1994 Marrat, 1879 (as Dolium oleareum [sic; see Beu, 2005]); Abbott, 1950 (as Tonna olearium [see Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 345 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks Tonna perdix (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Abbott, 1950; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK-2] Family Cassidae Casmaria erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Tomlin, 1935 (as Phalium vibex [see Kreipl, 1997]); Abbott, 1950 (as Casmaria vibex [see Kreipl, 1997]); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Casmaria erinacea); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] (and also as Casmaria vibex [after Tomlin, 1935]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011] Abbott, 1950 (as Cassis (Cypraecassis) rufa); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Cypraecassis rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) + Family Bursidae Bursa bufonia (Gmelin, 1791) + + Bursa cruentata (Sowerby II, 1835) + + Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798) + + Bursa lamarckii (Deshayes, 1853) + + Bursa rhodostoma (Sowerby II, 1835) + + Bursa tuberosissima (Reeve, 1844) Tutufa nigrita Mühlhäusser & Blöcher, 1979 Tutufa rubeta (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Family Personidae Distorsio anus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Distorsio reticularis (Linnaeus, 1758) + Family Ranellidae Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus, 1758) Maes, 1967; Beu, 1981 (as Bursa (Bursa) bufonaria); Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Smith, 1887 (as Ranella cruentata); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1887]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Newton, 1900 (as Tutufa granifera [see Beu, 1998]); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16] Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Bursa lamarcki [sic]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Wells et al., 1990 (as Bursa nigrita); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Bursa nigrita [after Wells et al., 1990]) Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18] + Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D08-2011] Wells et al., 1990 (as Distorsio reticulata [see Beu, 1998]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Ditorsio reticulata [see Beu, 1998] [after Wells et al., 1990]) + + Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771) + + Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1993; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Abbott, 1950 (as Linatella (Gelagna) clandestinum [see Beu, 1998]); Maes, 1967 (as Linatella clandestinum [see Beu, 1998]); Beu & Cernohorsky, 1986 (as Linatella (Gelagna) succincta); Wells et al., 1990 (as Linatella succincta); Wells, 1994 (also as Linatella clandestina [after Abbott, 1950]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Linatella succincta [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Island: CK2-08] Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium muricinum); Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium muricinum); Wells, 1994 Tomlin, 1935 (as Bursa tuberculata [see Beu, 1998]) Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium aquatile); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D02; CI-D05;] Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium gemmatum); Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium gemmatum); Wells, 1994 (as Septa gemmata); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05] This study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05] Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798) Gyrineum natator (Röding, 1798) Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844) + + + + Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844) + Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849) + 346 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Records/Remarks Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798) + + Smith, 1887 (as Triton chlorostoma [see Beu, 1998]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Cymatium chlorostoma [after Smith, 1887]); Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium chlorostoma [see Beu, 1998]); Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium nicobaricum); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cymatium nicobaricum); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium nicobaricum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-D01] Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium pileare); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium pileare [after Maes, 1967]) Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium vespaceum): Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium vespaceum); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium vespaceum [after Maes, 1967]) Abbott, 1950 (as Cymatium pyrum); Maes, 1967 (as Cymatium pyrum); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium pyrum) Wells et al., 1990 (as Cymatium hepaticum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cymatium hepaticum [after Wells et al., 1990]) Wells et al., 1990 (as Cymatium rubeculum); Wells, 1994 (as Cymatium rubeculum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cymatium rubeculum [after Wells et al., 1990]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Cymatium rubeculum); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18] Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758) + Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822) + Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758) + Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798) + Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) + Family Vanikoridae Vanikoro cancellata (Lamarck, 1822) Vanikoro distans (Récluz, 1845) Vanikoro helicoidea (Le Guillou, 1842) + + Family Hipponicidae Antisabia foliacea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) Cheilea diaphana (Reeve, 1858) + + Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 + Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 + Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Mitrularia diaphana); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911; synonymy with Cheilea equestris suggested] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Amalthea australis); Tomlin, 1935 (as Amalthea australis [after Smith, 1909, 1911]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Amalthea australis [after Tomlin, 1935]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-07] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-27-2011; CI-D13-2011; CI3-14. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-17] Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) + Cheilea hipponiciformis (Reeve, 1858) Sabia australis (Lamarck, 1819) + Sabia conica (Schumacher, 1817) + Family Velutinidae Coriocella tongana (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) Lamellaria sp. + + + + + + Family Triviidae †Dolichupis cf. producta (Gaskoin, 1836) + Eratoena sulcifera (Sowerby I, 1832) + Trivirostra hordacea (Kiener, 1843) + Trivirostra oryza (Lamarck, 1810) + Trivirostra pellucidula (Gaskoin, 1846) + Trivirostra scabriuscula (Gray, 1827) + Family Vermetidae Dendropoma maximum (Sowerby, 1825) + + Serpulorbis grandis (Gray, 1850) + + Wells et al., 1990 (as Chelynotus tonganus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chelynotus tonganus) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia producta with uncertainty; specimen in bad condition); Maes, 1967 (as Trivia (Dolichupis) producta [after Marrat, 1879]); Wells, 1994 (as Trivia producta [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Proerato [sic] sulcifera); Wells, 1994 (as Proterato sulcifera [after Maes, 1967]) Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia insecta [see Cate, 1979]); Maes, 1967 (as Trivia (Trivirostra) insecta [see Cate, 1979]); Wells, 1994 (as Trivia insecta [after Maes, 1967]) Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia oryza); Maes, 1967 (as Trivia (Trivirostra) oryza); Wells, 1994 (as Trivia oryza [after Maes, 1967]) Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia pellucidula); Maes, 1967 (as Trivia (Trivirostra) pellucidula); Wells, 1994 (Trivia pellucidula [after Maes, 1967]) Marrat, 1879 (as Trivia scabriuscula) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Dendropoma maxima); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Dendropoma maxima) Coleman, 2006a, 2006b 347 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Vermetidae sp. Vermetidae sp. + Family Epitoniidae Amaea martinii (Wood, 1828) CK Records/Remarks + Maes, 1967 (several unidentiied species determined only to family) Wells et al., 1990 (probably several species present); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-23] + Opalia bicarinata (Sowerby II, 1844) + Maes, 1967 (as Epitonium martinii); Wells, 1994 (as Epitonium martinii [after Maes, 1967]) Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Epitonium billeeanum [but see A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005; possibly Epidendrium aureum]) Page & Willan, 1988 (as Epitonium billeeanum [see A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D02] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990 (as Epitonium perplexa [see Kilburn, 1972]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Epitonium cf. perplexa [see Kilburn, 1972]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011; CI-27-2011] Maes, 1967 (as Epitonium “muricatum Risso” (of Kiener, 1838–39)) ; Wells, 1994 (as Epitonium “muricatum Risso” (of Kiener, 1838–39) [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Epitonium cf. symmetrica); Wells, 1994 (as Epitonium symmetrica [after Maes, 1967]); Weil et al., 1999 (as Epitonium (Sodaliscala) symmetricum) Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (as this species with doubt); Wells, 1994 (as Nodiscala? attenuata [after Maes, 1967]) ANSP (as Opalia (Nodiscala) bicarinata) Family Janthinidae Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816 Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822 + + ANSP Maes, 1967 Family Eulimidae Balcis sp. “1” + Balcis sp. “2” + Balcis sp. “3” + Balcis sp. “4” + Echineulima mittrei (Petit de la Saussaye, 1851) + Maes, 1967 (four unidentiied species [may no longer be regarded as belonging to this genus]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (four unidentiied species [may no longer be regarded as belonging to this genus]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (four unidentiied species [may no longer be regarded as belonging to this genus]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (four unidentiied species [may no longer be regarded as belonging to this genus]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Abbott, 1950 (as ?Stylifer dubius [see Warén, 1980]); Maes, 1967 (as ?Stilifer dubia [after Abbott, 1950]); Wells, 1994 (as ?Stilifer dubia [after Abbott, 1950]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Balcis vitrea [see Warén, 1983b]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Balcis vitrea [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967 (as Balcis cumingi); Wells, 1994 (as Balcis cumingi) Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island) Warén, 1983a Maes, 1967 (as Pyramidelloides cf. miranda); Wells, 1994 (as Pyramidelloides cf. miranda [after Maes, 1967]); Warén, 1983a Laseron, 1956b (type locality: Christmas Island) Wells, 1994 (not identiied to genus or species) †Epidendrium billeeanum (DuShane & Bratcher, 1965) Epidendrium aureum A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005 Epitonium alata (Sowerby II, 1844) Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822) + + + + + Epitonium muricatum (Risso, 1826) + Epitonium symmetricum (Pease, 1867) + Epitonium sp. “1” Epitonium sp. “2” Epitonium sp. “3” Epitonium sp. Epitonium sp. Nodiscala cf. attenuata (Pease, 1860) + + + Melanella acicula (Gould, 1849) Melanella cumingii (A. Adams, 1851) Palisadia subulata Laseron, 1956 Pyramidelloides angusta (Hedley, 1898) Pyramidelloides miranda (A. Adams, 1861) Pyramidelloides viticula Laseron, 1956 Eulimidae sp. Family Aclididae Cyclonidea labiata (A. Adams, 1860) Family Triphoridae Cautotriphora alveolata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) + + + + + + + + + + + Laseron, 1956b (as Cyclonidea carina [see Mimoto & Nakao, 2013]; type locality: Christmas Island); Mimoto & Nakao, 2013 (as Cyclonidea labiata) + + Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Notosinister) alveolata); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora alveolata [after Maes, 1967]) 348 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Records/Remarks Euthymella concors (Hinds, 1843) + Euthymella regalis (Jousseaume, 1884) Inella verrucosa (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) Iniforis ordinata Laseron, 1958 + + + Iniforis progressa (Laseron, 1958) + Iniforis tuberia Laseron, 1958 + Iniforis violacea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) + Liniphora restis Laseron, 1958 + Mastonia anomala Laseron, 1958 + Mastonia rubra (Hinds, 1843) + Mastoniaeforis decorata (Laseron, 1958) + Mastoniaeforis insulana (Laseron, 1958) + Mastoniaeforis projecta (Laseron, 1958) Mastoniaeforis radix (Laseron, 1958) + + Mesophora rufosutura (Laseron, 1958) Mesophora ustulata (Hervier, 1897) + Nanaphora minuta Laseron, 1958 + Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Triphora) concors); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora concors [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Euthymella) regalis) Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Inella) verrucosa); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora verrucosa [after Maes, 1967]); Chang & Wu, 2005 [after Maes, 1967] Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958] Laseron, 1958 (as Coriophora progressa; type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Coriophora progressa [after Laseron, 1958]) Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Iniforis tuberia [after Laseron, 1958]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Triphora violacea); Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Iniforis) violacea); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora violacea [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Iniforis violaceus [after Tomlin, 1935]) Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958]) Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Triphora rubra); Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Mastonia) rubra); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora rubra [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Chang & Wu, 2005 [after Maes, 1967] Laseron, 1958 (as Epiforis decorata; type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Epiforis decorata [after Laseron, 1958]) Laseron, 1958 (as Contraforis insulana; type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Contraforis insulana [after Laseron, 1958]) ANSP [Laseron (1958: 615) does not list this from CI] Laseron, 1958 (as Epiforis radix; type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Epiforis radix [after Laseron, 1958]) ANSP (as Triphora rufosutura) Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Mastonia) ustulata); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora ustulata [after Maes, 1967]) Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958]) Maes, 1967 (as Triphora (Nanaphora) sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Triphora sp. [after Maes, 1967]) Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Kosuge, 1963 (as Notosinister coralinus [Kosuge’s (1963) record from Japan means that this species is not endemic]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958]) Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958]) Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958]) Marshall, 1983; ANSP Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958]) Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Kay, 1979 [after Smith, 1909; Tomlin, 1935]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Mastonia triticea [after Tomlin, 1935] and Rissoina tritica [sic] [after Tomlin, 1935]); Chang & Wu, 2005 (as Mastonia triticea) Maes, 1967; Ladd, 1972; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] ANSP Ladd, 1972; Chang & Wu, 2005 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Chang & Wu, 2005 (as Viriola interilatus [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Laseron, 1958 (type locality: Christmas Island); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Laseron, 1958]) + Opimaphora coralina Laseron, 1958 + Subulophora indianica Laseron, 1958 + Subulophora marginata Laseron, 1958 + Subulophora rutilans (Hervier, 1897) Subulophora virgina Laseron, 1958 + + Triphora triticea Pease, 1961 + cancellata (Hinds, 1843) corrugata (Hinds, 1843) incisa (Pease, 1861) interilata (Gould, 1861) Viriola intergranosa (Hervier, 1897) Viriola oceanica Laseron, 1958 Family Cerithiopsidae Cerithiopsis cf. catenaria Melvill & Standen, 1896 + + Nanaphora sp. Viriola Viriola Viriola Viriola + + + + + + + + Tomlin, 1935 (attributed to this species with doubt); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cerithiopsis catenaria [after Tomlin, 1935]) 349 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species Cerithiopsis sp. “1” Cerithiopsis sp. “2” Horologica macrocephala Laseron, 1956 Joculator sp. Potenatomus secundus Laseron, 1956 Spicula sp. CI CK + + + + + + Family Buccinidae Caducifer truncatus (Hinds, 1844) + Clivipollia fragaria (Wood, 1828) + + Clivipollia cf. fragaria (Wood, 1828) Clivipollia pulchra (Reeve, 1846) + + + Engina alveolata (Kiener, 1836) Engina farinosa (Gould, 1850) + + Engina lauta (Reeve, 1846) Engina lineata (Reeve, 1846) + + + Engina mendicaria (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Engina phasinola (Duclos, 1840) Engina zonalis (Lamarck, 1822) + + + Nassaria pusilla (Röding, 1798) Pisania fasciculata (Reeve, 1846) + + + + Pisania ignea (Gmelin, 1791) Pisania luctuosa (Tapparone-Canefri, 1880) Pollia fumosa (Dillwyn, 1817) + Pollia incarnata (Deshayes, 1830) + + Pollia undosa (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Prodotia iostoma (Gray, 1834) + + + + Records/Remarks Maes, 1967 (two species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (two species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Laseron, 1956a Maes, 1967 (as Cerithiopsis (Joculator) sp.) Laseron, 1956a (type locality: Christmas Island) Maes, 1967 (as Cerithiopsis (Spicula) sp.) Maes, 1967 (as Pisania (Caducifer) truncata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Pisania truncata [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pisania truncata [after Wells et al., 1990]) Abbott, 1950 (as Peristernia fragaria); Maes, 1967 (as Peristernia fragaria); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus fragaria); Wells, 1994 (as Peristernia fragaria [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cantharus fragum [after Wood et al., 1990]) Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus cf. fragaria) Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus pulcher [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus pulcher [sic]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cantharus pulcher [sic] after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-12] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-17] Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus farinosus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cantharus farinosus [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011; CI-D17-2011; CI-D17-2011; CI3-D01] Maes, 1967; Wells [after Maes, 1967] Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-15; CI3-23;] Smith, 1887 (as Columbella (Pusiostoma) mendicaria), 1900a, 1911); Smith, 1891 (as Engina (Pusiostoma) mendicaria); Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-13; CI3-15; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25] This study [Christmas Island: CI3-17; CI3-23] Tomlin, 1935 (as Engina melanozona [see Wilson, 1994]); Maes, 1967 (as Engina melanozona [see Wilson, 1994]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (also as Engina melanozona [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-23; CI3-25] Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Tomlin, 1935 (as Pisania crenilabrum [see Wilson, 1994]); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] ANSP (as Pisania (Pisania) luctuosa) Abbott, 1950 (as Cantharus (Pollia) fumosus); Maes, 1967 (as Cantharus fumosus); Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus fumosus) Wells et al., 1990 (as Engina incarnata); Wells, 1994 (as Engina incarnata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Engina incarnata [after Wells et al., 1990]) Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911 (as Tritonidea undosa); Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950 (as Cantharus (Pollia) undosus); Maes, 1967 (as Cantharus undosus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus undosus); Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus undosus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cantharus undosus); this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; (2 juv.)CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-14; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25] Tomlin, 1935 (as Pollia marmorata and Pollia gracilis [see Wells et al., 1990]); Maes, 1967 (as Pollia marmorata [see Wilson, 1994]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cantharus iostomus); Wells, 1994 (as Cantharus iostomus, also as Pisania marmorata [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cantharus iostomus) 350 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Records/Remarks Family Colubrariidae Colubraria ceylonensis (Sowerby I, 1833) Colubraria muricata (Lightfoot, 1786) + + + + Colubraria nitidula (Sowerby I, 1833) Colubraria tortuosa (Reeve, 1844) Colubraria sp. + + + + Tomlin, 1935; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13] Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Family Columbellidae †Aesopus clausiliformis (Kiener, 1834) + Aesopus cumingii (Reeve, 1859) + + Euplica turturina (Lamarck, 1822) + + Euplica varians (Sowerby I, 1832) + + Metanachis marquesa (Gaskoin, 1851) + Mitrella albina (Kiener, 1841) Mitrella cf. loyaltyensis (Hervier, 1899) Pardalinops testudinaria (Link, 1807) Pyrene obtusa (Sowerby I, 1832) + + + + Pyrene punctata (Bruguière, 1789) Pyrene sp. Seminella peasei (Martens & Langkavel, 1871) Zafra hervieri (Pace, 1902) + + + + + Zafra troglodytes (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866) Zafra sp. + Family Fasciolariidae Dolicholatirus lancea (Gmelin, 1791) Latirolagena smaragdula (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Latirus barclayi (Reeve, 1847) Latirus nodatus (Gmelin, 1791) + Latirus polygonus (Gmelin, 1791) + + + Latirus sp. Peristernia nassatula (Lamarck, 1822) + Peristernia venusta Smith, 1911 + Peristernia ustulata (Reeve, 1847) + + + + Wells et al., 1990 (as Aesopus spiculum [a synonym that has also been confused with Aesopus cumingii (see Monsecour & Monsecour, 2007); igure in Wells et al., (1990: 46, ig. 160) clearly shows Aesopus cumingii]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Aesopus spiculum) Tomlin, 1935 (as Pyrene cumingii); Maes, 1967 (as Aesopus cumingi): Wells, 1994 (as Aesopus cumingi [after Maes, 1967]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05; CI-D18-2011; CI3-17] Abbott, 1950 (as Columbella turturina); Maes, 1967 (as Columbella turturina): Wells et al., 1990 (as Pyrene turturina); Wells, 1994 (as Pyrene turturina); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pyrene turturina [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03; CK2-08; CK2-18; CK2-18] Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Columbella varians, var.); Tomlin, 1935 (as Pyrene varians [after Smith, 1909, 1911); Maes, 1967 (as Columbella varians); Sleurs, 1985 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells et al., 1990 (as Pyrene varians); Wells, 1994 (as Pyrene varians); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pyrene varians); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-25] Maes, 1967 (as ‘Pyrene’ marquesa); Wells, 1994 (as Mitrella marquesa [after Maes, 1967]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 This study [Christmas Island: CI3-17] This study [Christmas Island: CI3-15] Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05; CK2-13; CK2-18] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 Tomlin, 1935 (as Seminella nanisca [see Sleurs, 1987]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Seminella nanisca [see Sleurs, 1987] [after Tomlin, 1935]) Tomlin, 1935 (identiied with uncertainty as Seminella hervieri); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Seminella hervieri [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967 (as Zafra sinensis [see Sleurs, 1987]); Wells, 1994 (as Zafra sinensis [after Maes, 1967]) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Leucozonia smaragdula); Tomlin, 1935 (as Leucozonia smaragdula); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011] Abbott, 1950 (as Latirus polygonus barclayi) Smith, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Abbott, 1950 (as Latirus polygonus polygonus); Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994 Wells, 1994 Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-D03-2011; CI-D05-2011; CID08-2011; CI-D19-2011; CI3-D01. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-12] Smith, 1911 (type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); Tomlin, 1935 ; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D06-2011; CI3-D04; CI3-D05] Wells, 1994 351 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Peristernia sp. “1” Peristernia sp. “2” Turrilatirus craticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Turrilatirus turritus (Gmelin, 1791) + Family Nassariidae Nassarius arcularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Nassarius concinnus (Powys, 1835) + Nassarius exulatus (Smith, 1911) + + + Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species) Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species) Wells et al., 1990 (as Latirus craticulatus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Latirus craticulatus [after Wells et al., 1990]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Latirus turritus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Latirus turritus); Wells, 1994 (as Latirus turritus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Latirus turritus) + + + Nassarius margaritifer (Dunker, 1847) + + Nassarius oneratus (Deshayes, 1863) Nassarius papillosus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850) + Nassarius reeveanus (Dunker, 1847) + Nassarius splendidulus (Dunker, 1846) †“Nassa” lucida Marrat, 1874 + Family Muricidae Aspella anceps (Lamarck, 1822) Aspella producta (Pease, 1861) Chicoreus microphyllus (Lamarck, 1816) Records/Remarks + Nassarius gaudiosus (Hinds, 1844) Nassarius graniferus (Kiener, 1834) CK + + + + + + + Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807) Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Chicoreus saulii (Sowerby II, 1841) + + Chicoreus torrefactus (Sowerby II, 1841) Coralliophila erosa (Röding, 1798) + + + + ANSP (as Nassarius (Nassarius) arcularia arcularia) Tomlin, 1935; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D12-2011; CI-D13-2011] Smith, 1911 (as Nassa exulata; type locality: off Margaret Beaches, Christmas Island) [unique type specimen is regarded by Tomlin, 1935, to be a worn and faded marrati (= reeveanus); but see discussion in Cernohorsky, 1984] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05; CK2-21] Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Nassa granifera); Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Ladd, 1977 (as Nassarius (Arcularis) graniferus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Nassarius granifer [sic]); Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Nassarius granifer [sic] [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08; CK2-12] Wells, 1994 (as Nassarius margaritiferus); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-01; CK2-02] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994 Smith, 1909 (as Nassa papillosa), 1911 (as Nassa papillosa); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D10-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK17] Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990 (as Nassarius pauperus); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study Tomlin, 1935 (as Nassarius marratii [see Cernohorsky, 1984]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-07; CI3-13; CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16; CI3-23] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Marrat, 1874; Tomlin, 1940; Cernohorsky, 1984 [Marrat (1874: 70) described Nassa lucida (non Gould, 1850) from “Keelings Island”. The types are lost and it is considered a nomen dubium (see Tomlin, 1940; Cernohorsky, 1984)] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Tomlin, 1935 (as Murex (Chicoreus) microphyllus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Abbott, 1950 (as Murex (Chicoreus) ramosus); Maes, 1967 (as Murex (Chicoreus) ramosus); Wells, 1994 [after Abbott, 1950] Maes, 1967 (as Murex (Chicoreus) torrefactus [see Wells, 1994]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994 (as Chicoreus palmarosae [the igure of Wilson (1990: pl. 3, ig. 3a, b) clearly shows a Chicoreus saulii); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011; CI-D08-2011; CI-D16-2011; CI-D182011; CI3-D02] Abbott, 1950 (as Murex (Chicoreus) torrefactus) Abbott, 1950; Maes 1967 (as Coralliophila deformis [see Oliverio, 2009]); Wells, 1994 (also as Coralliophila deformis [after Maes, 1967]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15; CI3-D01] 352 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Records/Remarks Coralliophila monodonta (Blainville, 1832) + + Coralliophila robillardi (Liénard, 1870) Coralliophila violacea (Kiener, 1836) + + + Cytharomorula eximius (Reeve, 1844) + Drupa albolabris (Blainville, 1832) + + Drupa clathrata miticula (Lamarck, 1822) + + Drupa morum Röding, 1798 + + Drupa ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Drupa rubusidaeus Röding, 1798 + + Drupella cornus (Röding, 1798) + + Maes, 1967 (as Quoyula madreporarum [see Oliverio, 2009]); Wells et al., 1990 (as Quoyula madreporarum [see Oliverio, 2009]); Wells, 1994 (as Quoyula madreporarum [see Oliverio, 2009]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Quoyula madreporarum [see Oliverio, 2009]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-07; CK2-12] Wells, 1994 Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Coralliophila neritoides [a junior homonym of Murex neritoideus Linnaeus, 1767; see also Oliverio, 2009]); Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D14-2011; CI3-D01; CI3-D01. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03; CK2-08] Tomlin, 1935 (as Caducifer eximius [present taxonomic status uncertain; attributed to Cytharamorula (sic) by Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986, but the shell igured and the description provided do not seem to match the original description]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Caducifer eximius [after Tomlin, 1935]) Smith, 1887 (as Sistrum ricinus var. albolabris [see Claremont et al., 2012]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1887]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-04-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-13; CI3-14; CI3-25. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-17; CK2-17] Smith, 1911 (as Drupa clathrata [see Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Drupa rubus-idaeus [after Smith, 1911]); Maes, 1967 (as Drupa clathrata); Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973; Wells et al., 1990 (as Drupa clathrata); Wells, 1994 (as Drupa clathrata [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa clathrata [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D17-2011] Smith, 1911 (as Drupa horrida [see Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1911]; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-13-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-07; CI3-23] Smith, 1900a (as Sitrum ricinus); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a]; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973 (as Drupa ricinus ricinus [see Claremont et al., 2012]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-092011; CI-27-2011; CI3-07; CI3-15; CI3-23] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Drupa rubusidaea); Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973 (as Drupa (Ricinella) rubusidaeus); Wells et al., 1990 (as Drupa rubusidaea); Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa rubusidaea); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D06-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08] Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Drupella) cornus); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa cornus); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK19] Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) fusconigra [synonym of Semiricinula squamosa (Pease, 1868)?]); Wells, 1994 (as Morula fusconigra [after Maes, 1994]) Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Drupina) grossularia); Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973 (as Drupa (Drupina) grossularia); Taylor, 1983 (as Drupa grossularis); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Drupa grossularia [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa glossularia) Tomlin, 1935 [as Abbott, 1950 (as Drupa (Drupina) grossularia lobata [supposedly after Tomlin, 1935, but not record found]); Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Drupina) lobata); Emerson & Cernohorsky, 1973 (as Drupa (Drupina) lobata) [supposedly after Tomlin, 1935, but no record found]; Wells, 1994 (as Drupa lobata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa lobata) Wells, 1994 (as Morula margariticola); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15. Cocos (Keeling) Island: CK2-21] Wells, 1994 (as Cronia crassulnata); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05] Tomlin, 1935 (identified with doubt as Drupa martensi Dall [non Schepman, 1892; = Ergalatax junionae?; see Houart, 1996, 2008]) Drupella fusconigra (Dunker, 1871) + Drupina grossularia (Röding, 1798) + + Drupina lobata (Blainville, 1832) + + Drupella margariticola (Broderip in Broderip & Sowerby, 1833) Drupella crassulnata (Hedley, 1915) + + †Ergalatax martensi (Dall, 1923) + + 353 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Favartia cf. cyclostoma (Sowerby, 1841) Favartia sykesi (Preston, 1904) + + + Maculotriton digitale (Reeve, 1844) + + Maculotriton serriale (Deshayes, 1834) + + + + + + Magilus antiquus (Monfort, 1810) Morula anaxares (Kiener, 1836) Morula andrewsi (Smith, 1909) Morula biconica (Blainville, 1832) Morula cernohorskyi Houart & Tröndlé, 1997 + + Morula granulata (Duclos, 1832) + + Morula nodicostata (Pease, 1868) + + Morula nodulifera (Menke, 1829) + Morula porphyrostoma (Reeve, 1846) + Morula purpureocincta (Preston, 1909) Morula spinosa (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853) Morula uva (Röding, 1798) + + + Muricodrupa fenestrata (Blainville, 1832) + + Muricodrupa iscella (Gmelin,1791) Naquetia triqueter (Born, 1778) + + + Nassa serta (Bruguière, 1789) + + Orania archaea Houart, 1995 Orania taeniata Houart, 1995 Pascula ochrostoma (Blainville, 1832) + + Phrygiomurex sculptilis (Reeve, 1844) + + + Records/Remarks Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18] Tomlin, 1935 (as Maculotriton digitalis); Maes, 1967 (as Maculotriton digitalis); Wells, 1994 (as Maculotriton digitalis); this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-23] Tomlin, 1935 (as Maculotriton bracteatus [see Wilson, 1994]); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-22-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-23. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK19; CK2-21] Ladd, 1977 Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) anaxeres); Wells, 1994 Smith, 1909 (as Sistrum andrewsi; type locality: Christmas Island), 1911 (as Drupa andrewsi); Tomlin, 1935 (as Drupa andrewsi [after Smith, 1909, 1911); Wells et al., 1990 (as Morula coronata [see Houart, 2004]); Houart, 1994 (as Habromorula andrewsi); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Morula coronota [after Wells et al., 1990]); Houart, 2004 (as Morula (Habromorula) andrewsi); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-15; CI3-D01; CI3-D05. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13] Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) biconica); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1994] Maes, 1967 (as Engina parva Pease, 1867 [non Reeve, 1845; see Houart & Tröndlé, 2008]); Wells, 1994 (as Engina parva [see Houart & Tröndlé, 2008]) Abbott, 1950 (as Drupa (Morula) granulata); Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) granulata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-13; CI3-23; CI3-25] Tomlin, 1935 (as Engina nodicostata); Maes, 1967 (Drupa (Morula) nodicostata); Cernohorsky, 1987 (as Morula parvissima); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Drupa nodicostata and Engina nodicostata [after Tomlin, 1935]); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-14; CI3-17] Maes, 1967 (identiied with doubt as Drupa (Drupella) chaidea [see Houart, 2004]); Wells, 1994 (as Drupella chaidea [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (?Morula) pophyrostoma [sic] with some doubt); Wells, 1994 (as Drupa pophyrostoma [sic]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Engina purpureocincta); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (Engina purpureocincta [after Tomlin, 1935]) Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Smith, 1900a, 1909 (as Sistrum morus), 1911 (as Drupa morus [see Wilson, 1994]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Drupa uva [after Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911); Abbott, 1950 (as Drupa (Morula) uva); Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) uva); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-D032011; CI3-13; CI3-14; CI3-15] Abbott, 1950 (as Drupa (Cronia) fenestrata); Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) cariosa [see Houart, 2004]); Wilson, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) iscella); Wells, 1994 (as Morula iscella) Tomlin, 1935 (as Murex (Naquetia) triqueter); Wells et al., 1990 (as Naquetia triquetra [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Naquetia triquetra [sic]); Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Naquetia triquetra [sic]) Smith, 1900a; Tomlin, 1935 (as Nassa sertum); Abbott, 1950 (as Nassa francolinus [see Maes, 1967]); Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 2000] Houart, 1995; Houart & Tröndlé, 2008 Houart, 1995 (type locality: Indian Ocean); Houart & Tröndlé, 2008 Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Drupella) ochrostoma); Wells, 1994 (as Drupella ochrostoma [after Maes, 1967]); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08] Tomlin, 1935 (as Caducifer sculptilis); Maes, 1967 (as Maculotriton sculptilis); Wells, 1994 (as Maculotriton sculptilis [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Caducifer sculptilis [after Tomlin, 1935]) 354 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Phyllocoma convoluta (Broderip, 1833) + Pterynotus martinetanus (Röding, 1798) + Pterynotus tripterus (Born, 1778) Purpura persica (Linnaeus, 1758) Rapa rapa (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + Reishia armigera (Link, 1807) + + Semiricinula marginatra (Blainville, 1832) CK + Thais intermedia (Kiener, 1835) + Thais virgata (Dillwyn, 1817) + Muricidae sp. + + Family Costellariidae Thala violacea Garrett, 1872 + Vexillum aureolatum (Reeve, 1844) + + Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844) Vexillum cancellarioides (Anton, 1838) + + + + Vexillum Vexillum Vexillum Vexillum catenatum (Broderip, 1836) consanguineum (Reeve, 1845) cf. corallina (Reeve, 1845) crocatum (Lamarck, 1811) + + Vexillum Vexillum Vexillum Vexillum Vexillum Vexillum Vexillum millecostatum (Broderip, 1836) moelleri (Küster, 1840) modestum (Reeve, 1845) mutabile (Reeve, 1845) paciicum (Reeve, 1845) pardalis (Küster, 1840) patriarchale (Gmelin, 1791) + + + Vexillum speciosum (Reeve, 1844) + + + + + + Vexillum turrigerum (Reeve, 1845) Vexillum unifasciale (Lamarck, 1811) Vexillum zelotypum (Reeve, 1845) Vexillum sp. Zierliana oleacea (Reeve, 1844) Zierliana woldemarii (Kiener, 1838) Zierliana ziervogelii (Gmelin, 1791) + + + + + + + + + + + Records/Remarks Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D01] Wells et al., 1990 (as Marchia martinetana); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Marchia martinenata [after Wells et al., 1990]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13] Smith, 1911 (as Thais armigera); Tomlin, 1935 (as Thais armigera); Abbott, 1950 (as Thais (Mancinella) armigera); Maes, 1967 (as Thais armigera); Wells et al., 1990 (as Thais armigera); Wells, 1994 (as Thais armigera); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Thais armigera); this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-07] Maes, 1967 (as Drupa (Morula) marginatra); Wells, 1994 (as Morula marginatra [after Maes, 1967]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-04-2011; CI3-15; CI3-25] Tomlin, 1935 (as Thais pseudohippocastaneum [see Middelfart, 1997]); Maes, 1967 (as Thais (Mancinella) hippocastanum [see Middelfart, 1997; also a suppressed name in Opinion 911 (ICZN, 1970)]); Wells, 1994 (as Thais aculeata [see Middelfart, 1997], also as Thais hippocastanum [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Thais aculeata [see Middlefart, 1997]) Maes, 1967 (2 unidentiied lots of small muricids) Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Thala) brevicula [see Salisbury, 1999]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vexillum brevicula [after Tomlin, 1935] [see Tomlin, 1935]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Callithes) aureolata); Maes, 1967 (as Pusia aureolata); Wells, 1994 (as Pusia areolata [sic; after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vexillum aureolata [sic] [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Pusia) nodosa [see Cernohorsky, 1967]); Maes, 1967 (as Pusia cancellarioides); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (also as Pusia cancellarioides [after Maes, 1967]); Wilson, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells, 1994 Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells, 1994 Wells et al., 1990 (as Vexillum patriarchalis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vexillum patriarchalis [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967 (as Vexillum armigera [see Salisbury, 1999]); Wells, 1994 (as Vexillum armigera [after Maes, 1967]) Wells et al., 1990 (as Vexillum unifascialis); Wells, 1994 (as Vexillum unifascialis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vexillum unifascialis) Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 Wells, 1994 (as Mitra oleacea) This study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011] This study [Christmas island: CI3-13] 355 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks Family Harpidae Harpa amouretta Röding, 1798 + + Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Family Marginellidae Pugnus sp. Volvarina hirasei (Bavay, 1917) + + Maes, 1967 Tomlin, 1935 (as Marginella hirasei); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Marginella hirasei [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967 (as Marginella (Hyalina) micans) Volvarina micans (Petit de la Saussaye, 1851) Volvarina nevilli (Jousseaume, 1875) + Family Mitridae Domiporta carnicolor (Reeve, 1844) Domiporta ilaris (Linnaeus, 1771) + Domiporta granatina (Lamarck, 1811) + Maes, 1967 (as Marginella nevilli); Wells, 1994 (as Marginella neville [sic]) + Wells, 1994 (as Cancilla carnicolor); Wilson, 1994 (as Cancilla carnicolor) Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Cancilla) ilaris); Wells et al., 1990 (as Cancilla ilaris); Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994 (as Cancilla ilaris [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cancilla ilaris [after Wells et al., 1990]) Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Scabricola) granatina); Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994 (as Scabricola granatina [after Maes, 1967]) Wells et al., 1990 (as Scabricola bicolor); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Scabricola bicolor [after Wells et al., 1990]) Maes, 1967 (as Imbricaria virgo [see Cernohorsky, 1991]); Wells et al., 1990; Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994 (also as Imbricaria virgo [after Maes, 1967]); Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-13] Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Swainsonia) olivaeformis); Wells et al., 1990; Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967; Rehder, 1980; Wells et al., 1990; Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-16; CI3-23] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] + + Imbricaria bicolor (Swainson, 1824) + Imbricaria conovula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) + + Imbricaria olivaeformis (Swainson, 1821) + + Imbricaria punctata (Swainson, 1821) + + Imbricaria vanikorensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) Mitra acuminata Swainson, 1824 + + Mitra ambigua Swainson, 1829 Mitra coffea Schubert & Wagner, 1829 + + Mitra colombelliformis Kiener, 1838 + Mitra contracta Swainson, 1820 + Mitra coronata Lamarck, 1811 + Mitra decurtata Reeve, 1844 + Mitra edentula Swainson, 1823 + Mitra eremitarum Röding, 1798 Mitra fastigium Reeve, 1845 Mitra fraga Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 + + + + + + Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Chrysame) ambigua); Cernohorsky, 1976 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Smith, 1911 (as Mitra fulva [see Cernohorsky, 1976]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Chrysame) fulva [after Smith, 1911]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Abbott, 1950 (as Mitra columbelliformis [sic]); Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells, 1994 (as Mitra columbelliformis [sic]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011] Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Chrysame) tiarella [see Cernohorsky, 1976]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Strigatella) colombelliformis [see Cernohorsky, 1976]); Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-032011; CI3-07; CI3-13; CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16; CI3-25. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-17] Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Dibaphus) edentula); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Chrysame) eremitarum); Cernohorsky, 1976 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Chrysame) fraga); Cernohorsky, 1976; Ladd, 1977 (as Mitra (Nebularia) fraga); Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-21] 356 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Mitra imperialis Röding, 1798 Mitra incompta (Lightfoot, 1786) Mitra litterata Lamarck, 1811 + + Mitra mitra (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Mitra paupercula (Linnaeus, 1758) + Mitra cf. pellisserpentis Reeve, 1844 Mitra retusa Lamarck, 1822 + + Mitra rosacea Reeve, 1845 Mitra scabricula (Linnaeus, 1758) Mitra ticaonica Reeve, 1844 Mitra tuberosa Reeve, 1845 Mitra turgida Reeve, 1845 Mitra ustulata Reeve, 1844 Mitra sp. (juv.) Neocancilla papilio (Link, 1807) Pterygia nucea (Gmelin, 1791) Pterygia scabricula (Linnaeus, 1767) Scabricola eximia (A. Adams, 1853) Scabricola issurata (Lamarck, 1811) Records/Remarks + Maes, 1967; Cernohorsky, 1976 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Smith, 1900a, 1911 (as Mitra literata [sic]); Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Strigatella) litterata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-17; CI3-25. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2] Abbott, 1950 (as Mitra episcopalis [suppressed name in Opinion 885 (ICZN, 1969)]); Maes, 1967; Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Mitra papilis [sic] [after Wells et al., 1990] Smith, 1900a (as Mitra paupercula var.), 1911; Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Strigatella) paupercula); Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI3-13] This study [Christmas Island: CI3-17] Smith, 1887 (as Mitra virgata [see Cernohorsky, 1976; also Tomlin, 1935]), 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1887]; Cernohorsky, 1976 [after Smith, 1909]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-25] Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Scabricola) scabricula); Wells, 1994 (as Scabricola scabricula [after Maes, 1967]) Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967; Cernohorsky, 1976; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-13] Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Pusia tuberosa); Wells, 1994 (as Vexillum tuberosa) Tomlin, 1935 (as Mitra (Chrysame) turgida); Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Chrysame) turgida); Cernohorsky, 1976 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Smith, 1909, 1911 Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 ANSP Cernohorsky, 1991 ANSP (as Scabricola (Scabricola) eximia) Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Swainsonia) issurata); Cernohorsky, 1991; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Mitra (Cancilla) annulata); Cernohorsky, 1991 (as “Ziba” annulata); Wells, 1994 (as Subcancilla annulata) + + Mitra multiplicata (Pease, 1865) Mitra papalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Mitra scutulata (Gmelin, 1791) Mitra stictica (Link, 1807) CK + + + + + + + + + + + + + Scabricola fusca (Swainson, 1824) Ziba annulata (Reeve, 1844) + + + + + + + Family Turbinellidae Vasum ceramicum (Linnaeus, 1758) + Vasum turbinellus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Family Olividae Oliva annulata Gmelin, 1791 + + Oliva caerulea (Röding, 1798) + + Oliva carneola (Gmelin, 1791) Oliva nitidula Duclos, 1835 + + Tomlin, 1935; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D07-2011] Abbott, 1950 (as Vasum turbinellum); Maes, 1967; Barash & Danin, 1986 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells et al., 1990 (as Vasum turbinellum); Wells, 1994 (as Vasum turbinellum); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Vasum turbinellum); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08; CK2-12] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D08-2011] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Oliva episcopalis [see Sterba, 2003]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (also as Oliva episcopalis [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Tomlin, 1935 (as Oliva paxillus [see Sterba, 2003]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Oliva paxillus [see Sterba, 2003] [after Tomlin, 1935]) 357 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Oliva panniculata Duclos, 1835 Oliva sericea (Röding, 1798) Oliva tricolor Lamarck, 1811 + + Family Conidae Conus achatinus Gmelin, 1791 + Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + + Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758 + + Conus aureus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 Conus barthelemyi Bernardi, 1861 + Conus betulinus Linnaeus, 1758 Conus capitaneus Linnaeus, 1758 + + + Conus canonicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 Conus catus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + + + + Conus chaldaeus (Röding, 1798) + + Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791 + + Conus cylindraceus Broderip & Sowerby I, 1830 Conus distans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758 + + + + + Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + + Conus lavidus Lamarck, 1810 + + Conus frigidus Reeve, 1848 + + Conus geographus Linnaeus, 1758 + + Conus cf. geographus Linnaeus, 1758 Conus glans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758 + + + + Conus legatus Lamarck, 1810 + Conus Conus 1792 Conus Conus CK + + + leopardus (Röding, 1798) litoglyphus Hwass in Bruguière, + + + litteratus Linnaeus, 1758 lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + + + Records/Remarks Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990 (as Conus ranunculus [see Röckel et al., 1995]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus ranunculus [after Wells et al., 1990]) Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wilson, 1994 Colman, 1985; Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08] Wells et al., 1990; Debelius, 1996 [igured specimen appears to be Conus magniicus]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Tomlin, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus catus and also Conus catus [after Tomlin, 1935]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-25. Cocos (Keeling) Island: CK2-17] Smith, 1909, 1911 (as Conus hebraeus var. vermiculatus [see Röckel et al., 1995]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Conus hebraeus var. vermiculatus [after Smith, 1909, 1911]); Abbott, 1950 (as Conus chaldeus); Maes, 1967 (as Conus chaldeus); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Conus chaldeus); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-25] Smith, 1900a; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a]; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-07; CI3-07; CI3-14; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus cylindricus [after Wells et al., 1990]) Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911 (as Conus hebraeus [sic]); Oostingh, 1925 (as Conus (Conus) ebraeus [after Smith, 1911]); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911]; Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-032011; CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI-22-2011; CI-27-2011; CI3-07; CI313; CI3-15; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-09] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-07] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-14; CI3-16; CI3-25] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b This study [Christmas Island: CI-D03-2011] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D18-2011] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-14; CI3-14; CI3-15; CI3-16] 358 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Conus luteus Sowerby I, 1833 Conus magniicus Reeve, 1843 + + Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758 Conus miles Linnaeus, 1758 + + + Conus miliaris Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + + †Conus minimus Linnaeus, 1758 + Conus moreleti Crosse, 1858 Conus muriculatus Sowerby I, 1833 Conus musicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + Conus 1792 Conus Conus Conus Conus + mustelinus Hwass in Bruguière, nussatella Linnaeus, 1758 obscurus Sowerby I, 1833 parvatus Walls, 1979 pertusus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 CK + + + + + + + + + + Conus planorbis Born, 1778 + + Conus pulicarius Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + + + + + Conus quercinus Lightfoot, 1786 Conus rattus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 Conus retifer Menke, 1829 Conus sanguinolentus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 Conus sponsalis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + + Conus stercusmuscarum Linnaeus, 1758 + Conus striatellus Link, 1807 Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758 + + + Conus tenuistriatus Sowerby II, 1858 Conus terebra Born, 1778 + + + Conus tessulatus Born, 1778 + + Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758 + + Conus tulipa Linnaeus, 1758 + + Conus varius Linnaeus, 1758 + + Conus virgo Linnaeus, 1758 Conus vexillum Gmelin, 1791 + + + Conus zonatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 + + + + Records/Remarks Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Debelius, 1996 Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D17-2011; CI3-D01; CI3-D05] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-22-2011] Smith, 1911 [a rejected name in Opinion 753 (ICZN, 1965); probably Conus miliaris or a similar looking species] Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 ANSP Maes, 1967; Kohn, 1968 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 ANSP Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Colman, 1985] Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967 (as Conus vitulinus [see Röckel et al., 1995]); Wells et al., 1990 (also as Conus vitulinus); Wells, 1994 (as Conus vitulinus [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus planorbis [after Wells et al., 1990] and also Conus vitulinus) Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D05-2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05; CK2-12] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-16] Wells et al., 1990; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-09-2011; CI-17-2011; CI3-14; CI3-16; CI3-23; CI3-25] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Conus stercmuscarum [sic] [after Wells et al., 1990]) Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells, 1994 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-26. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-18] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D19-2011] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967 (as Conus hevassi [see Röckel et al., 1995]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Conus hevassi [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells, 1994 Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] 359 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species Family Clathurellidae Acrista sp. Etrema scalarina (Deshayes, 1863) Lienardia roseotincta (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1872) Lienardia sp. †“Lienardia” sp. Family Mitromorphidae Anarithma metula (Hinds, 1843) CI CK Records/Remarks + + Maes, 1967 (as Lienardia (Acrista) sp.) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Abbott, 1950 [probably not a clathurellid, see Maes, 1967] + Tomlin, 1935; Maes, 1967 (as Mitromorpha (Lovellona) lachryma [see Tucker, 2004], and Mitromorpha (Lovellona) stepheni [see Kilburn, 1986]); Wells, 1994 (as Mitromorpha lachryma, and Mitromorpha stepheni [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935] Maes, 1967 (as Mitromorpha (Lovellona) atramentosa); Wells, 1994 (as Mitromorpha atramentosa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Mitromorpha atramentosa [after Wells et al., 1990]) + + Lovellona atramentosa (Reeve, 1849) + Family Mangeliidae Eucithara delacouriana (Crosse, 1869) + Eucithara gracilis (Reeve, 1846) + Eucithara souverbiei (Tryon, 1884) + Family Raphitomidae Daphnella atractoides Hervier, 1897 Daphnella cf. boholensis (Reeve, 1843) Daphnella cf. delicata (Reeve, 1846) + + + Daphnella lammea (Hinds, 1843) + Daphnella reeveana (Deshayes, 1863) + Daphnella rissoides (Reeve, 1843) + Daphnella cf. thiasotes (Melvill & Standen, 1896) Daphnella sp. Kermia barnardi (Brazier, 1876) + Kermia lutea (Pease, 1860) + + + Kermia pustulosa (De Folin, 1867) + Microdaphne morrisoni Rehder, 1980 + Philbertia cf. felina(Hinds in Reeve, 1843) †Philbertia lata (Hinds, 1843) Philbertia sp. Pseudodaphnella granicostata (Reeve, 1846) Pseudodaphnella nexa (Reeve, 1845) + + + + + Pseudodaphnella tincta (Reeve, 1846) Tritonoturris sp. + + Maes, 1967 (as Eucithara stromboides [see Kilburn, 1992]); Wells, 1994 (as Eucithara stromboides [after Maes, 1967] [see Kilburn, 1992]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Cythara gracilis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Cyathara gracilis [sic] [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Eucithara souverbii [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (two undetermined species identiied only as “Daphnella ? delicata yg.” the other as ?Daphnellinae [= Microdaphne morrisoni Rehder, 1980, see remarks under that species]) Maes, 1967 (as Daphnella delicata [see Tucker, 2004]); Wells, 1994 (as Daphnella delicata [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Hemidaphne reeveana); Wells, 1994 (as Hemidaphne reeveana [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Hemidaphne rissoides); Wells, 1994 (as Hemidaphne rissoides [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as Macteola cf. thiasotes); Wells, (as Macteola cf. thiasotes [after Maes, 1967]) Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Philbertia (Kermia) barnardi); Wells, 1994 (as Philbertia barnardi [after Maes, 1967]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Pseudoraphitoma lutea); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pseudoraphitoma lutea [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967 (as Philbertia (Kermia) pustulosa); Wells, 1994 (as Philbertia pustulosa [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967 (as ?Daphellinae [see Rehder, 1980]); Rehder, 1980 [Maes (1967) tentatively identiied two species of “?Daphnellinae” based on four specimens. One was conditionally identiied as “Daphnella ? delicata yg.” [listed herein as Daphnella cf. delicata] and the other as “Daphnellinae sp.”, which Rehder (1980: 89) identiied as Microdaphne morrisoni] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990 [the description of this taxon, attributed to Hinds, 1843, cannot be located]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Philbertia (Pseudodaphnella) granicostata); Wells, 1994 (as Philbertia granicostata [after Maes, 1967]) Tomlin, 1935 (as Pseudoraphitoma nexa); Wells et al., 1990 (as Philbertia nexa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Philbertia nexa and also Pseudoraphitoma nexa [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967 (as Philbertia (Pseudodaphnella) tincta); Wells, 1994 (as Philbertia tincta [after Maes, 1967] Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 360 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Family Horaiclavidae Carinapex papillosa (Garrett, 1873) + CK Carinapex sp. Clavus exilis (Pease, 1868) + + Clavus lamberti (Montrouzier, 1860) Clavus sp. Drillia pulchella (Reeve, 1845) Iredalea sp. Splendrillia laeta (Hinds, 1843) + + + Tylotiella pica (Reeve, 1843) + + Family Pseudomelatomidae Crassispira sp. Family Terebridae Hastula albula (Menke, 1843) + Hastula hectica (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Tomlin, 1935 (as Pseudoraphitoma papillosa); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Pseudoraphitoma papillosa [after Tomlin, 1935]) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (as Iredalea pygmaea [see Kilburn, 1988]); Wells, 1994 (as Iredalea pygmaea [after Maes, 1967]) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Wells, 1994 Tomlin, 1935 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Clavus laeta); Wells et al., 1990 (as Clavus laetus); Wells, 1994 (as Clavus laeta); Wilson, 1994 (as Clavus laetus); Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 (as Clavus laetus); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D05] Tomlin, 1935 (as Drillia pica); Wells et al., 1990 (as Clavus pica); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Clavus pica) + Wells, 1994 + Maes, 1967 (as Terebra casta [see Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Terebra casta [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Abbott, 1950 (as Terebra (Impages) hectica); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra hectica [after Abbott, 1950]); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra hectica [after Abbott, 1950]) Maes, 1967 (as Terebra lanceata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra lanceata) Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-D12-2011] Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 (as Terebra solida); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967 (as Terebra afinis); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra afinis); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra afinis); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra afinis); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-03; CK2-08] Maes, 1967 (as Terebra columellaris); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra columellaris); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra columellarisaris [sic]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra columellaris); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D02] Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra lavofasciata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra lavofasciata [after Wells et al., 1990]) Maes, 1967 (as Terebra nebulosa); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra nebulosa); this study [Christmas Island: CI-D06-2011; CI-D08-2011; CI-D17-2011] Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra parkinsoni); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra parkinsoni [after Wells et al., 1990]); this study [Christmas Island: CI3-D02] Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra paucistriata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra paucistriata [after Wells et al., 1990]) Smith, 1911 (as Terebra undulata); Tomlin, 1935 (as Terebra undulata [after Smith, 1911]); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra cf. undulata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra undulata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra undulata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra undulata) Maes, 1967 (as Terebra cerithina); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra cerithina) Maes, 1967 (as Terebra chlorata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra chlorata);Wells, 1994 (as Terebra chlorata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra chlorata) Marrat, 1879 (as Terebra crenulata); Smith, 1887 (as Terebra crenulata); Tomlin, 1935 (as Terebra crenulata [after Smith, 1900a], and Terebra interlineata [see Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1987]); Abbott, 1950 (as Terebra (Subula) crenulata); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra crenulata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra crenulata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra crenulata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra crenulata [after Wells et al., 1990]) Abbott, 1950 (as Terebra (Subula) dimidiata); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra dimidiata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra dimidiata) + Hastula lanceata (Linnaeus, 1767) Hastula penicillata (Hinds, 1844) + + + Hastula solida (Deshayes, 1857) + + Myurella afinis (Gray, 1834) + + Myurella columellaris (Hinds, 1844) + + Myurella lavofasciata (Pilsbry, 1921) + Myurella nebulosa (Sowerby I, 1825) + Myurella parkinsoni (Cernohorsky & Bratcher, 1976) + Myurella paucistriata Smith, 1873 + Myurella undulata (Gray, 1834) + + Oxymeris cerithina (Lamarck, 1822) Oxymeris chlorata (Lamarck, 1822) + + + Oxymeris crenulata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Oxymeris dimidiata (Linnaeus, 1758) Records/Remarks + + 361 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks Oxymeris felina (Dillwyn, 1817) + + Oxymeris maculata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + + + + + + + + Maes, 1967 (as Terebra felina); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra felina); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra felina); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra felina) Abbott, 1950 (as Terebra (Subula) maculata); Maes, 1967 (as Terebra maculata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Terebra maculata); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra maculata); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Terebra maculata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Terebra maculata) Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994 Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-12] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (as Terebra pertussa [sic]); Wells, 1994 (as Terebra pertussa [sic]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Marrat, 1879; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-08] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Terebra Terebra Terebra Terebra Terebra areolata (Link, 1807) argus Hinds, 1844 babylonia Lamarck, 1822 funiculata Hinds, 1844 guttata (Röding, 1798) Terebra laevigata Gray, 1834 Terebra pertusa (Born, 1778) Terebra raphanula Lamarck, 1822 Terebra subulata (Linnaeus, 1767) + + + Terenolla pygmaea (Hinds, 1844) + + Family Turridae Iotyrris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822) + Turridrupa astricta (Reeve, 1843) Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843) + + Turridrupa cerithina (Anton, 1838) Turridrupa cincta (Lamarck, 1822) Turridrupa sp. Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843) Xenuroturris kingae Powell, 1964 + + Family Acteonidae Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822) Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791) + + + + + Wells et al., 1990 (as Xenoturris cingulifera); Wells, 1994 (as Xenoturris cingulifera); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Xenoturris cingulifera) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Tomlin, 1935 (as Drillia bijubata); Wells et al., 1990; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990 (as Xenoturris [sic] kingae); Wells, 1994 (as Xenoturris [sic] kingae); Wilson, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (as Pupa glabra [see Wells, 1994]); Wells, 1994; Coleman, 2008 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Pupa sp. + Family Aplustridae Aplustrum amplustre (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + + + Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990 (as Hydatina amplustre); Wells, 1994 (as Hydatina amplustre [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Hydatina amplustre); this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011; CI3-23] Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008 (as Micromelo undata) + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Hydatina physis (Linnaeus, 1758) Micromelo guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Micromelo undatus (Bruguière, 1792) Family Bullinidae Bullina sp. Family Architectonicidae Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) Heliacus sp. Psilaxis radiatus (Röding, 1798) Family Omalogyridae Omalogyra sp. + + + + + Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Philippia radiata); Robertson, 1970 (as Philippia (Psilaxis) radiata); Scheltema & Williams, 1983 (as Philippia radiata); Wells et al., 1990 (as Philippia radiata); Wells, 1994 (as Philippia radiata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Philippia radiata); this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-05] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] 362 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Family Pyramidellidae Evalea peasei (Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1933) Herviera gliriella (Melvill & Standen, 1896) Odostomia sp. “1” Odostomia sp. “2” Odostomia sp. “3” Odostomia sp. “4” Odostomia sp. “5” Odostomia sp. “6” Otopleura auriscati (Holten, 1802) Otopleura mitralis (A. Adams, 1855) CK Records/Remarks + Maes, 1967 (as “Odostomia” peasei); Wells, 1994 (as Odostomia peasei [after Maes, 1967]); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Turbonilla peasei) Maes, 1967 (as Turbonilla sp. [Maes (1967) listed two unidentiied species as “Turbonilla, 2 spp.”, one of which was identiied as Herviera gliriella, see Shasky (1987)]); Shasky, 1987 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (6 undetermined species); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967 (as Pyramidella dolabrata terebellum [see Wells, 1994]); Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-01] Maes, 1967 (1 unidentiied species) Maes, 1967 (as Turbonilla (Lancea) peasei Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1906 [authorship in error; synonymy see Odé, 1998]) Maes, 1967 (as Turbonilla sp. [Maes (1967) listed two unidentiied species as “Turbonilla, 2 spp.”, one of which was identiied as Herviera gliriella, see Shasky (1987)]); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] + + + + + + + + + + Pyramidella acus (Gmelin, 1791) Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Pyramidella sulcata (A. Adams, 1854) Pyramidellidae sp. Turbonilla aulica Dall & Bartsch, 1906 + + + Turbonilla sp. “1” + Family Rissoellidae Rissoellidae sp. “1” + Rissoellidae sp. “2” + Rissoellidae sp. “3” + Family Bullidae Bulla ampulla Linnaeus, 1758 Bulla orientalis Habe, 1950 Bulla vernicosa Gould, 1859 Family Diaphanidae Colpodaspis thompsoni Brown, 1979 Family Haminoeidae Atys cylindrica (Helbling, 1779) Atys semistriata Pease, 1860 Diniatys sp. Haminoea cymbalum (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) Haminoea sp. Phanerophthalmus cylindricus (Pease, 1861) Smaragdinella calyculata (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) Smaragdinella viridis (Rang in Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) + + + + + + + + + + + + + Chelidonura electra Rudman, 1970 + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 (as Atys cylindricus) Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 (as Cylichna (Diniatys) sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Cylichna sp. [after Maes, 1967]) Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008 (as Haminoea simillina [see Rudman, 1971; but see also discussion in Yonow, 2012]) Maes, 1967 Wells, 1994 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [supposedly after, but not listed in Tomlin (1935)] Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a, 1909, 1911]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-13-2011] + Family Aglajidae Chelidonura amoena Bergh, 1905 Abbott, 1950; Barash & Danin, 1986 [after Abbott, 1950]; Maes, 1967; this study [Christmas Island: CI-27-2011; CI3-15; CI3-17; CI3-D01] Malaquias & Reid, 2008 Wells, 1994; this study [Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2] Coleman, 2008 + + Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species, determined only to family level); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species, determined only to family level); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967 (three unidentiied species, determined only to family level); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] + Wells et al., 1990; Willan & Cattaneo-Vietti, 1995; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2008 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b 363 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Records/Remarks Chelidonura inornata Baba, 1949 Chelidonura varians Eliot, 1903 Odontoglaja guamensis Rudman, 1978 + + + + + Philinopsis gardineri (Eliot, 1903) Philinopsis speciosa Pease, 1860 + + + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990; Debelius, 1996; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990] Wells, 1994 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Philinopsis cyanea [see Yonow, 2012]) + + Wells, 1994 Debelius, 1996 + + + + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Debelius, 1996; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Maes, 1967 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Stylochelus [sic] longicaudus); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Family Oxynoidae Lobiger sp. Oxynoe delicatula Nevill & Nevill, 1869 + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Family Juliidae Julia borbonica (Deshayes, 1863) + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Family Volvatellidae Ascobulla sp. Volvatella cincta Nevill & Nevill, 1869 Volvatella vigourouxi (Montrouzier, 1861) Volvatella sp. + + + + Wells, 1994 Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Burn, 1998; Huang et al., 2007 [after Burn, 1998] Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Family Gastropteridae Gastropteron sp. Siphopteron brunneomarginatum (Carlson & Hoff, 1974) Family Aplysiidae Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828 Dolabella auricularia (Lightfoot, 1786) Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828) Dolabrifera sp. Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Family Plakobranchidae Elysia rufescens (Pease, 1871) Elysia sp. Elysia sp. Elysia sp. Plakobranchus ocellatus van Hasselt, 1824 Thuridilla sp. + + + + + + + + + + Family Umbraculidae Umbraculum sinicum (Gmelin, 1791) Gosliner et al., 2008 Wells et al., 1990 Wells, 1994 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells, 1994 (as Placobranchus ocellatus) Debelius, 1996 + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] + + + + + + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Coleman, 2006a, 2006b + Wells, 1994 + + + + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 + + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Family Dorididae Dorididae sp. “1” + Dorididae sp. “2” + Maes, 1967 (2 undetermined species; identiied only to family level, as Doridae sp.); Wells, 1994 (not determined to genus or species, as Dorid sp.) Maes, 1967 (2 undetermined species; identiied only to family level, as Doridae sp.); Wells, 1994 (not determined to genus or species, as Dorid sp.) Family Pleurobranchidae Berthella martensi (Pilsbry, 1896) Berthellina citrina (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828) Pleurobranchus forskalii (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831) Pleurobranchus cf. forskalii (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831) Pleurobranchus grandis Pease, 1868 Pleurobranchus sp. Pleurobranchus sp. 1 Family Caliphyllidae Cyerce nigricans (Pease, 1866) 364 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI CK Dorididae sp. + Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Dorid sp.) Family Chromodorididae Chromodoris annae Bergh, 1877 Chromodoris aspersa (Gould, 1852) Chromodoris boucheti Rudman, 1982 Chromodoris decora (Pease, 1860) Chromodoris elisabethina Bergh, 1877 + + + + + Rudman, 1982; Gosliner et al., 2008 Rudman, 1983; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Rudman, 1986b; Yonow, 2012 [after Rudman, 1986b] Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chromodoris cf. elisabethina); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Chromodoris elizabethina [sic]), 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Glossodoris atromarginata) + + Chromodoris lochi Rudman, 1982 Chromodoris sp. 1 Chromodoris sp. 2 Chromodoris sp. 3 Doriprismatica atromarginata (Cuvier, 1804) Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888) + + + + + + + + Glossodoris hikuerensis (Pruvot-Fol, 1954) + Goniobranchus albopunctatus Garrett, 1879 + Goniobranchus geometricus (Risbec, 1928) Goniobranchus gleniei (Kelaart, 1858) Goniobranchus geminus (Rudman, 1987) + + + Goniobranchus kuniei (Pruvot-Fol, 1930) + Goniobranchus setoensis (Baba, 1938) Goniobranchus tritos (Yonow, 1994) Hypselodoris bullockii (Collingwood, 1881) Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871) + + + Hypselodoris cf. maculosa (Pease, 1871) Hypselodoris maridadilus Rudman, 1977 Hypselodoris tryoni (Garrett, 1873) Noumea simplex (Pease, 1871) Noumea varians (Pease, 1871) Thorunna australis (Risbec, 1928) + + + + + + Family Discodorididae Atagema spongiosa (Kelaart, 1858) Discodoris sp. Halgerda tessellata (Bergh, 1880) Halgerda wasinensis Eliot, 1904 Halgerda sp. Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859) Jorunna rubescens (Bergh, 1876) Peltodoris murrea (Abraham, 1877) Platydoris cruenta (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) Platydoris scabra (Cuvier, 1804) Platydoris striata (Kelaart, 1858) Platydoris sp. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Records/Remarks Rudman, 1986a; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Rudman, 1986a; Debelius, 1996; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2008 Wells et al., 1990 (as Chromodoris albopunctata); Debelius, 1996 (as Chromodoris albopunctata); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chromodoris albopunctata [after Wells et al., 1990]) Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Chromodoris geometrica) Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Chromodoris gleniei) Rudman, 1987 (as Chromodoris geminus); Coleman, 2008 (as Chromodoris geminus); Gosliner et al., 2008 (as Chromodoris geminus) Rudman, 1987 (as Chromodoris kuniei); Wells et al., 1990 (as Chromodoris kuniei); Debelius, 1996 (as Chromodoris kuniei); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chromodoris kuniei [after Wells et al., 1990]); Coleman, 2008 (as Chromodoris kunei [sic]); Gosliner et al., 2008 (as Chromodoris kuniei) Gosliner et al., 2008 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008 (as Chromodoris tritos) Wells et al., 1990 (as Chromodoris bullockii); Debelius, 1996; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Chromodoris bullocki); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Rudman, 1986b; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Yonow, 2012 [after Rudman, 1986b] Coleman, 2008 (as Hypselodoris cf. ‘maculosa’) Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Coleman, 2008 (as Risbecia tryoni) Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 Rudman, 1986b; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 Rudman, 1986b; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008; Apte et al., 2010 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells, 1994 Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 (as Halgerda wasiniensis [sic]) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells, 1994; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Kentrodoris rubescens) Dayrat, 2010 Wells, 1994; Apte, 2009 Smith, 1900a (as Doris coriacea [see Mulliner & Sphon, 1974]); Tomlin, 1935 (as Doris coriacea [after Smith, 1900a]); Wells, 1994 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2008 Maes, 1967 365 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species Family Dendrodorididae Dendrodoris albopurpura Burn 1957 Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1831) Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855) CI + + + + + + + Phyllidia marindica (Yonow & Hayward, 1991) + + Phyllidia picta (Pruvot-Fol, 1957) Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 + + + + + + + Phyllidia sp. Phyllidia sp. “1” Phyllidia sp. “2” Phyllidia sp. “3” Phyllidia sp. 1 Phyllidia sp. 2 Phyllidiella lizae Brunckhorst, 1993 Phyllidiella meandrina (Pruvot-Fol, 1957) Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804) Phyllidiella cf. pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804) Phyllidiella rosans (Bergh, 1873) Phyllidiella striata (Bergh, 1889) Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1858) + + + + + Phyllidiopsis burni Brunckhorst, 1993 Phyllidiopsis issurata Brunckhorst, 1993 Reticulidia fungia Brunckhorst & Gosliner in Brunckhorst, 1993 + + + Family Polyceridae Nembrotha nigerrima Bergh, 1877 Plocamopherus imperialis Angas, 1864 Plocamopherus sp. Plocamopherus sp. Polycera risbeci Odhner, 1941 Thecacera paciica (Bergh, 1884) Family Aegiridae Aegires citrinus (Bergh, 1875) Aegires gardineri (Eliot, 1906) Aegires minor (Eliot, 1904) Aegires sp. Family Gymnodorididae Gymnodoris ceylonica (Kelaart, 1858) Gymnodoris sp. Family Hexabranchidae Hexabranchus sanguineus (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) + + + Records/Remarks Gosliner et al., 2008 Gosliner et al., 2008; Sreeraj et al., 2012 + + Dendrodoris sp. Family Phyllidiidae Phyllidia coelestis Bergh, 1905 Phyllidia elegans Bergh, 1869 CK + + + + + Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Brodie et al., 1997; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 Maes, 1967 Wells, 1994 (as Phyllidia coelistis [sic]); Yonow, 2011 Wells et al., 1990; Brunckhorst, 1993; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008; Yonow, 2011 Wells et al., 1990 (as Reyfria ruppelii [see Brunckhorst, 1993]); Brunckhorst, 1993 (as Fryeria marindica); Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Reyfria ruppelii [see Brunckhorst, 1993] [after Wells et al., 1990]); Gosliner et al., 2008; Yonow, 2012 [after Brunckhorst, 1993] Yonow, 1996 (as Fryeria picta); Yonow, 2012 [after Yonow, 1996] Smith, 1900a; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Phyllidia cf. varicosa); Yonow, 1996 (as Phyllidia arabica [see Yonow, 2012]); Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Maes, 1967 (several unidentiied lots) Wells, 1994 (three undetermined species) Wells, 1994 (three undetermined species) Wells, 1994 (three undetermined species) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Eliot, 1910 (as Phyllidia nobilis [see Yonow, 2012]); Coleman, 2008 Coleman, 2008; Yonow, 2012 Wells, 1994 (as Phyllidia cf. pustulosa) Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Yonow, 2012 Wells et al., 1990 (as Phyllidia honloni [see Brunckhorst, 1993]); Yonow, 1996; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008; Yonow, 2012 [after Yonow, 1996] Coleman, 2008 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Brunckhorst, 1993; Debelius, 1996; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Nembrotha kubaryana [see Pola et al., 2008]) Eliot, 1910 Wells et al., 1990 (as Plocamophorus [sic] sp.) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Plocamophorus [sic] sp.) Wells et al., 1990; Debelius, 1996; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2008 + + + + Wells, 1994 (as Notodoris citrinus) Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Notodoris gardineri) Wells, 1994 (as Notodoris minor); Coleman, 2008 (as Notodoris minor) Coleman, 2008 (as Notodoris sp.) + + + Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Wells et al., 1990 + + Rudman, 1986b (as Hexabranchus sp. [see Yonow, 2012]); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008; Yonow, 2012 [after Rudman, 1986b] + + + + + + + 366 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Family Embletoniidae Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928 + Family Bornellidae Bornella hermanni Angas, 1864 Bornella stellifer (A. Adams & Reeve in A. Adams, 1848) CK Records/Remarks Gosliner et al., 2008 + Gosliner et al., 2008 Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b + Wells, 1994 + + + + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 Family Tergipedidae Phestilla lugubris (Bergh, 1870) Phestilla melanobrachia Bergh, 1874 + + + Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008 Coleman, 2006a, 2006b (as Phestilla melanobranchia [sic]) Family Facelinidae Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896) Phidiana lottinia (Lesson, 1831) + + + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b, 2008 (as Phidiana indica); Gosliner et al., 2008 Eliot, 1910 (as Phydiana inca [see García & Troncoso, 2003]) Family Siphonariidae Siphonaria atra Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 + + Siphonaria ferruginea Reeve, 1856 + + + + + Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-25] Smith, 1909, 1911; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1909, 1911]; this study [Christmas Island: CI-13-2011; CI3-no stn., Flying Fish Cove, on stranded rope, 15 Feb.2012] Maes, 1967 (as Siphonaria cf. normalis); Wells, 1994 Wells et al., 1990 (probably at least two species) Wells et al., 1990 (probably at least two species) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 + Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 + + Family Tethydidae cf. Melibe sp. Family Flabellinidae Flabellina bilas (Gosliner & Willan, 1991) Flabellina exoptata Gosliner & Willan, 1991 Siphonaria Siphonaria Siphonaria Siphonaria Siphonaria cf. normalis Gould, 1846 sp. “1” sp. “2” sp. 1 sp. 2 Family Trimusculidae Trimusculus sp. + Family Ellobiidae Auriculodes sp. Ellobium tornatelliforme (Petit de la Saussaye, 1842) Marinula sp. †Melampus caffar Kürler + + + + Melampus castaneus (von Mühlfeld, 1818) + + Melampus fasciatus (Deshayes, 1830) + + Melampus lavus (Gmelin, 1791) + + Maes, 1967 (as Auricula (Auriculodes) sp.); Wells, 1994 (as Auricula sp. [after Maes, 1967]) Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Auricula tornatelliformis) Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 {nomen dubium; no such authority can be located and it may be an incorrect spelling of Melampus coffea, a West Indies species; Wood-Jones’ (1910: 348; 1912: 348) entry may be a misidentiication of Melampus castaneus or Melampus fasciatus; Kürler may be an error for Küster} Smith, 1909; Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912; Abbott, 1950 (as Melampus fuscus); Maes, 1967 (as Melampus (Melampus) castaneus); Wells, 1994; Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011] Smith, 1887, 1889, 1900b; Oostingh, 1923 (as Melampus fasciatus [after Smith, 1900]); Abbott, 1950; Maes, 1967 (as Melampus (Pira) fasciatus); Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967]; Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI3-03. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-10] Smith, 1887, 1889, 1900b (as Melampus luteus [see Cernohorsky, 1972]); Smith, in Wood-Jones, 1910, 1912 (as Melampus luteus [see Cernohorsky, 1972]); Abbott, 1950 (as Melampus luteus [see Cernohorsky, 1972]); Maes, 1967 (as Melampus (Melampus) lavus); Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Beeton et al., 2010 (as Melampus luteus); this study [Christmas Island: CI-03-2011; CI-33-2011; CI3-03; CI3-04] 367 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Pythia scarabaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) + CK + Pythia sp. Records/Remarks Smith, 1889, 1900b; Oostingh, 1925 [after Smith, 1900]; Laidlaw, 1935 (as Pythia nux [herein regarded provisionally as synonymous; see also discussion under the species in Laidlaw (1935)]; Wells et al., 1990; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001; this study; [Christmas Island: CI-15; CI-27-2011; CI-33-2011; CI3-22] Abbott, 1950 [probably Pythia scarabaeus]; Maes, 1967 [after Abbott, 1950]; Wells, 1994 [after Maes, 1967] Dayrat et al., 2011 (as Pythia sp.; with molecular data) Pythia sp. + Family Onchidiidae Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804) + Smith, 1900a; Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000; this study [Christmas Island: CI-17-2011] Family Veronicellidae Semperula insularis Thomé, 1983 + Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874) + Semperula sp. + Thomé, 1983 (type locality: Christmas Island); Gomes & Thomé, 2004 [after Thomé, 2004] Thomé, 1983 (as Semperula christmasis [see Gomes & Thomé, 2004]; type locality: Settlement, Christmas Island); Gomes & Thomé, 2004 Beeton et al., 2010 [possibly either of the preceding species] Family Succineidae Succinea keelingensis Abbott, 1950 Succinea listeri Smith, 1889 + Succinea solidula Pfeiffer, 1849 + Succinea solitaria Smith, 1887 + Family Achatinellidae Elasmias manilense (Dohrn, 1863) Tornatellinops sp. + + Family Vertiginidae Gastrocopta servilis (Gould, 1843) Gastrocopta sp. Nesopupa proscripta (Smith, 1905) + Abbott, 1950 (type locality: North Keeling Island, Cocos-Keeling Islands) Smith, 1889, 1900b (type locality: Christmas Island); Laidlaw, 1930 [after Smith, 1889, 1900b]; Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1889, 1900b] Smith, 1887, 1889, 1900b; Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1889, 1900b); Beeton et al., 2010 Smith, 1887 (type locality: Christmas Island), 1889, 1900b; Laidlaw, 1935; Quick, 1939; this study [Christmas Island: CI-41-2011] Beeton et al., 2010 Beeton et al., 2010 + + + Beeton et al., 2010 Abbott, 1950 (only a single damaged specimen seen) Smith, 1905 (as Jaminia proscripta; type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); Laidlaw, 1935 Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Nesopupa (?Insulipupa) sp.) Beeton et al., 2010 Beeton et al., 2010 Nesopupa sp. Pupisoma orcula (Benson, 1850) Pupisoma sp. + + + Family Cerastidae Rachis punctatus (Anton, 1839) + Family Achatinidae Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 + Sproul, 1983; Lake & O’Dowd, 1991; Civeyrel & Simberloff, 1996 [after Sproul, 1983; Lake & O’Dowd, 1991]; Raut & Barker, 2002; Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-no stn., Irvine Hill Road, turf beside road, 23 January 2010; CI-02-2011; CI-34-2011; CI3-no stn., at trailhead to Winifred beach, 15 February 2012] Family Ferussaciidae Cecilioides sp. †Cecilioides sp. + + Beeton et al., 2010 Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (uncertain identification [also as Ochroderma sp. and Prosopeas sp. (Subulinidae)]) Family Subulinidae Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834) + cf. Lamellaxis sp. + + + Beeton et al., 2010 (as Rachis punctata); this study [Christmas Island: CI-no stn.-2011, Drumsite, opposite Boong’s Trading, amongst discarded wood debris, March 2011. Cocos (Keeling) Islands: CK2-04] Smith, 1900b, 1909, as Opeas subula [see Pilsbry, 1906)]; Laidlaw, 1935, as Opeas gracilie); Abbott, 1950 (as Lamellaxis (Allopeas) gracilis); Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Lamellaxis gracilis); Beeton et al, 2010 (as Lamellaxis gracilis); this study [Christmas Island: CI-41-2011] Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as ?Lamellaxis sp.) 368 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI †Ochroderma sp. + Opeas pumilim (Pfeiffer, 1840) Opeas cf. pumilim (Pfeiffer, 1840) Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) †Prosopeas sp. + + + + Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1798) + †Subulina cf. octona (Bruguière, 1798) + cf. Subulina sp. + Family Streptaxidae Huttonella bicolor (Hutton, 1834) + Smith, 1909 (as Ennea (Huttonella) bicolor); Laidlaw, 1935; Beeton et al., 2010 (as Gulella (Huttonella) bicolor) + + Laidlaw, 1935 (as Charopa? sp.); Beeton et al., 2010 Beeton et al., 2010 Family Euconulidae Kaliella cruda Smith, 1909 + Lamprocystis mabelae (Smith, 1889) + Lamprocystis mildredae (Smith, 1889) + Lamprocystis normani (Smith, 1889) + Liardetia doliolum (Pfeiffer, 1846) Liardetia scandens (Cox, 1872) Liardetia sculpta (von Möllendorff, 1883) Microcystis sp. + + Smith, 1909 (type locality: Ross Hill, Christmas Island); Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1909]; Beeton et al., 2010 Smith, 1889 (as Ariophanta (Microcystis) mabelae; type locality: Christmas Island), 1900b; Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1889] Smith, 1889 (as Ariophanta (Microcystis) mildredae; type locality: Christmas Island); Smith, 1900b; Laidlaw, 1935 [after Smith, 1889] Smith, 1889 (as Ariophanta (Microcystis) normani; type locality: Christmas Island); Smith, 1900b; Laidlaw, 1931 (as Sitala ? normani [after Smith, 1899]); Laidlaw, 1935 (as Sitala(?) normani [after Smith, 1899]) Beeton et al., 2010 (as Liardetia (Belopygmaeus) doliolum) Beeton et al., 2010 (as Liardetia (Liardetia) scandens) Abbott, 1950 Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001; Beeton et al., 2010 Family Charopidae Charopa sp. Discocharopa cf. aperta (Moellendorff, 1888) Family Bradybaenidae Bradybaena similaris (Rang, 1831) CK + + + Records/Remarks Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (uncertain identiication [also as Cecilioides sp. (Ferussaciidae), and Prosopeas sp. (Subulinidae)]) Beeton et al., 2010 Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Opeas ?pumilim) Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-34-2011] Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (uncertain identiication [also as Cecilioides sp. (Ferussaciidae), and Ochroderma sp. (Subulinidae)]) Laidlaw, 1935; Abbott, 1950; Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001; Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-34-2011; CI-41-2011] Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as Subulina ?octona; uncertain because anterior end of shell broken) Humphreys & Eberhard, 2001 (as ?Subulina sp.) Beeton et al., 2010; this study [Christmas Island: CI-34-3011; CI-412011; CI-no stn.-2011, Drumsite, opposite Boong’s Trading, amongst discarded wood debris, March 2011] + CLASS CEPHALOPODA Family Nautilidae Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758 + + Rees, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells et al., 1990; Wells, 1994; Wells & SlackSmith, 2000 [after Wells et al., 1990]; Wani et al., 2005 [after Maes, 1967]; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b; this study [Christmas Island: CI-no stn.-2011, Flying Fish Cove, March 2011] Family Spirulidae Spirula spirula (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Family Sepiidae Sepia cf. bandensis Adam, 1939 Sepia latimanus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 + + + Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 (as Sepia sp. cf. S. bandensis) Wells, 1994; Reid et al., 2005; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b + + Rees, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Family Loliginidae Sepioteuthis lessoniana Férussac in Lesson, 1830 Family Ommastrephidae Ommastrephes sp. + Smith, 1900a (as Ommatostrephes sp.); Tomlin, 1935 [after Smith, 1900a (erroneously 1911)]; Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 [after Tomlin, 1935] 369 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Family Octopodidae †Amphioctopus granulatus (Lamarck, 1799) Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 †Octopus rugosus Bosc, 1792 Octopus Octopus Octopus Octopus sp. sp. sp. sp. CK + + + + + + + + Records/Remarks Smith, 1909 (as Octopus granulatus); Smith, 1911 (as Polypus granulatus); [current taxonomic status unresolved, see Norman & Hochberg, 2005] Rees, 1950; Maes, 1967; Wells, 1994; Coleman, 2006a, 2006b Tomlin, 1935 (= granulatus, and possibly also Octopus sp., recorded by Smith [after Smith, 1909, 1911; current taxonomic status unresolved, see Norman & Hochberg, 2005]) Smith, 1900a Maes, 1967 Wells et al., 1990 Wells & Slack-Smith, 2000 370 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Table 3. Species of Mollusca described from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. In the irst column, the current name is given. In the second and third columns, the endemic status of a species at Christmas Island (CI) and/or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (CK) are denoted by a “+”. An endemic species is deined as a species found only at Christmas Island and/or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and nowhere else. Species without a “+” in either the second (CI) or third (CK) column are not endemic. In the fourth column, the name in its original combination when irst described from these localities is given together with references relevant to the endemic (or taxonomic) status of each species. Species CI Septifer rufolineatus (Smith, 1911) [Mytilidae] + CK Remarks Described by Smith (1911) as Brachydontes (Hormomya) rufolineatus (type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); endemic (see Huber, 2010) Afrocardium richardi (Audouin, 1826) [Cardiidae] Described by Smith (1911) as Cardium (Fragum) rubescens (type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); junior synonym of Afrocardium richardi (Audouin, 1826) (see ter Poorten, 2009) Bankia rochi Moll in Moll & Roch, 1931 [Teredinidae] Described by Moll (in Moll & Roch, 1931) as Bankia rochi (type locality: Christmas Island); Bankia (Neobankia) roonwali Rajagopalaiengar, 1961 (type locality: India) and possibly Bankia thielei Roch, 1935 (type locality: Madagascar) are synonyms, which extends the range of this species beyond Christmas Island (see Turner, 1966) Spathoteredo obtusa (Sivickis, 1928) [Teredinidae] Described by Moll & Roch (1931) as Teredo murrayi (type locality: Christmas Island); junior synonym of Spathoteredo obtusa (Sivickis, 1928) (type locality: Philippines) (see Turner, 1966) Anxietas perplexa Iredale, 1917 [Seguenziidae] + Described by Iredale (1917) as Anxietas perplexa (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic + + First recorded by Maes (1967, as Astraea helicina) from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and by Wells et al. (1990, as Astralium rhodostoma) from Christmas Island. Meyer et al. (2005) have shown that material previously identified as Astralium cf. helicina and Astralium cf. rhodostomum from Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands represent an undescribed (and endemic) species + First recorded by Reeve (1848) from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and by Smith (1887) from Christmas Island; although there are records from the Marshall Islands (see Fosberg, 1990) and Wake Island (see Tomlinson, 1969), genetic studies (G. Paulay, in litt., 19 June 2013) of material from these locations show that these represent an extreme variation of Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758, and that Turbo lajonkairii is endemic to Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Astralium cf. rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) [Turbinidae] Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839) [Turbinidae] + + First recorded by Smith (1889, 1900b) as a variety of Leptopoma mouhoti Pfeiffer, 1861; also recorded by Humphreys & Ebenhard (2001) as Leptopoma sp. (? L. mouhoti); it is likely to represent an undescribed and endemic subspecies + Described by Smith (1909) as Plesiotrochus ischeri (type locality: Christmas Island); Kay (1979) considered this species to be a synonym of the widely-distributed Plesiotrochus luteus (Gould, 1861), however, her igure and description do not agree with that of Smith’s (1909); we therefore provisionally consider Plesiotrochus ischeri to be a valid and endemic species + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Obtortio rugosa (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic + Meyer (2004) discussed that the Christmas Island population of what has been identiied hitherto as Lyncina ventriculus, represents an undescribed and endemic species Leptopoma sp. [Cyclophoridae] Plesiotrochus ischeri Smith, 1909 [Plesiotrochidae] Finella rugosa (Laseron, 1956) [Scaliolidae] Lyncina sp. [Cypraeidae] Echinolittorina reticulata (Anton, 1838) [Littorinidae] Described by Smith (1887) as Littorina granicostata (type locality: Christmas Island); junior synonym of Echinolittorina reticulata (Anton, 1838) (see Reid, 2007) 371 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI Chrystella islandica Laseron, 1956 [Pickworthiidae] Discrevinia balba Laseron, 1956 [Pickworthiidae] CK Remarks + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Chrystella islandica (type locality: Christmas Island); this species may be synonymous with Chrystella inckhi (Hedley, 1899) (type locality: Funafuti, Tuvalu) (see Moolenbeek & Mussai, 2010), but we herein tentatively consider Chrystella islandica Laseron, 1956, to be a valid and endemic species + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Discrevinia balba (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Reynellona natalis Iredale, 1917 [Pickworthiidae] Described by Iredale (1917) as Reynellona natalis (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from French Polynesia (see Tröndlé & Boutet, 2009) and not endemic Sansonia andamanica (Preston, 1908) [Pickworthiidae] Described by Iredale (1917) as Pickworthia andrewsi type locality: Christmas Island); junior synonym of Sansonia andamanica (Preston, 1908) (see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003); not endemic Sansonia kirkpatricki (Iredale, 1917) [Pickworthiidae] Described by Iredale (1917) as Pickworthia kirkpatricki (type locality: Christmas Island); Sansonia andrei Jousseaume, 1921 (type locality: Red Sea), and Sansonia christinae Selli, 1973 (type locality: Red Sea), are junior synonyms (see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003); this species has also been recorded from Japan (see Eakawa, 1993); not endemic Sansoniella minuta (Hornung & Mermod, 1927) [Pickworthiidae] Described by Laseron (1956b) as Merelina hians (type locality: Christmas Island); junior synonym of Sansoniella minuta (Hornung & Mermod, 1927) (type locality: Red Sea) (see Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003; Moolenbeek, 2008) Sherbornia mirabilis Iredale, 1917 [Pickworthiidae] Described by Iredale (1917) as Sherbornia mirabilis (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from French Polynesia (see Cernohorsky, 1981; Tröndlé & Boutet, 2009) and not endemic Alvania isolata (Laseron, 1956) [Rissoidae] Described by Laseron (1956b) as Haurakia isolata (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (see Maes 1967), the Hawaiian Islands (Kay, 1979, as Alvinia isolata), the Marshall Islands, Hawaii and Lutao, Taiwan (see Chang & Wu, 2004), the Philippines (see Hasegawa, 2004), and French Polynesia (see Tröndlé & Boutet, 2009) and not endemic Rissoina isolata (Laseron, 1956) [Rissoinidae] + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Costalynia isolata (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Rissoina perita Sleurs, 1992 [Rissoinidae] Described by Laseron (1956b) as Austrosina evanida (type locality: Christmas Island), but is now a junior secondary homonym of Rissoina evanida G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874; replacement name Rissoina perita proposed by Sleurs (1992); since recorded from the Philippines and Taiwan (see Chang & Wu, 2004, as Rissoina evanida) and not endemic Rissoina quinita (Laseron, 1956) [Rissoinidae] Described by Laseron (1956b) as Austrosina quinita (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from Lutao, Taiwan (see Chang & Wu, 2004) and not endemic Schwartziella delicatula (Laseron, 1956) [Rissoinidae] + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Pandalosia delicatula (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Schwartziella lata Laseron, 1956 [Rissoinidae] + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Schwartziella lata (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Schwartziella oceanica (Laseron, 1956) [Rissoinidae] + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Pandalosia oceanica (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Isselia incisa (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from Japan as fossils only (see Kaneko, 1989) and endemic + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Zebina acicula (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Zebina constricta (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Stosicia incisa (Laseron, 1956) [Rissoinidae] Zebina acicula Laseron, 1956 [Rissoinidae] Zebina constricta Laseron, 1956 [Rissoinidae] 372 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Species CI Zebina isolata Laseron, 1956 [Rissoinidae] CK Remarks Described by Laseron (1956b) as Zebina isolata (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from Taiwan (see Chang & Wu, 2004), and Japan and the Philippines (see Hasegawa, 2006) and not endemic Zebina linearis Laseron, 1956 [Rissoinidae] + Palisadia subulata Laseron, 1956 [Eulimidae] Described by Laseron (1956b) as Zebina linearis (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from Japan as fossils only (see Mimoto & Nakao, 2013) and endemic Described by Laseron (1956b) as Palisadia subulata (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from Red Sea (see Tringali & Oliverio, 1995) Pyramidelloides viticula Laseron, 1956 [Eulimidae] + Described by Laseron (1956b) as Pyramidelloides viticula (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Paludinella andrewsiana (Smith, 1900) [Assimineidae] + Described by Smith (1900b) as Assiminea andrewsiana (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic (see Dammerman, 1948) Cyclonidea labiata (A. Adams, 1860) [Aclididae] Described by Laseron (1956b) as Cyclonidea carina (type locality: Christmas Island); junior synonym of Cyclonidea labiata (A. Adams, 1860) (type locality: Japan) (see Mimoto & Nakao, 2013) Iniforis ordinata Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] Described by Laseron (1958) as Iniforis ordinata (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from the Hawaiian Islands (see Kay, 1979) and not endemic Iniforis progressa (Laseron, 1958) [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Coriophora progressa (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic + Described by Laseron (1958) as Iniforis tuberia (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic + Described by Laseron (1958) as Liniphora restis(type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Mastonia anomala Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Mastonia anomala (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Mastoniaeforis decorata (Laseron, 1958) [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Epiforis decorata (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Mastoniaeforis insulana (Laseron, 1958) [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Contraforis insulana (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Mastoniaeforis radix (Laseron, 1958) [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Epiforis radix (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Nanaphora minuta Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Nanaphora minuta (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Iniforis tuberia Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] Liniphora restis Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] Opimaphora coralina Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] Described by Laseron (1958) as Opimaphora coralina (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from the Hawaiian Islands (see Kay, 1979) and Japan (see Kosuge, 1963) and not endemic Subulophora indianica Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Subulophora indianica (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Subulophora marginata Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Subulophora marginata (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Subulophora virgina Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Subulophora virgina (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Viriola oceanica Laseron, 1958 [Triphoridae] + Described by Laseron (1958) as Viriola oceanica (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Potenatomus secundus Laseron, 1956 [Cerithiopsidae] + Described by Laseron (1956a) as Potenatomus secundus (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Peristernia venusta Smith, 1911 [Fasciolariidae] + Described by Smith (1911) as Peristernia venusta (type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); endemic 373 Tan & Low: Mollusca of Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands Species CI CK Nassarius exulatus (Smith, 1911) [Nassariidae] Described by Smith (1911) as Nassa exulata (type locality: off Margaret Beaches, Christmas Island); the unique type specimen is regarded by Tomlin (1935) to be a worn and faded marrati (= reeveanus); but it is herein considered to be a valid and endemic species (see Cernohorsky, 1984) + Morula andrewsi (Smith, 1909) [Muricidae] Orania taeniata Houart, 1995 [Muricidae] Semperula insularis Thomé, 1983 [Veronicellidae] + + Described by Smith (1909) as Sistrum andrewsi (type locality: Christmas Island); recorded from Christmas Island in this study; endemic + Described by Houart (1995) as Orania taeniata (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic and known only from the holotype (see Houart, 1995) + Described by Thomé (1983) as Semperula insularis (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic (see Gomes & Thomé, 2004) Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874) [Veronicellidae] Described by Thomé (1983) as Semperula chrismasis (type locality: Settlement, Christmas Island); junior synonym of Semperula wallacei (Isselt, 1874) (type locality: Sarawak, Borneo) (see Gomes & Thomé, 2004) Succinea keelingensis Abbott, 1950 [Succineidae] + Succinea listeri Smith, 1889 [Succineidae] Succinea solitaria Smith, 1887 [Succineidae] Remarks Described by Abbott (1950) as Succinea keelingensis (type locality: North Keeling Island, Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean); endemic Described by Smith (1889) as Succinea listeri (type locality: Christmas Island); since recorded from Java (see Benthem Jutting, 1932) and not endemic + Described by Smith, 1887 as Succinea solitaria (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic + Described by Smith (1905) as Jaminia proscripta (type locality: Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island); endemic + Described by Smith (1909) as Kaliella cruda (type locality: Ross Hill, Christmas Island); endemic Lamprocystis mabelae (Smith, 1889) [Euconulidae] + Described by Smith (1889) as Ariophanta (Microcystis) mabelae (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Lamprocystis mildredae (Smith, 1889) [Euconulidae] + Described by Smith (1889) as Ariophanta (Microcystis) mildredae (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Lamprocystis normani (Smith, 1889) [Euconulidae] + Described by Smith (1889) as Ariophanta (Microcystis) normani (type locality: Christmas Island); endemic Nesopupa proscripta (Smith, 1905) [Vertiginidae] Kaliella cruda Smith, 1909 [Euconulidae] 374 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2014 Table 4. Publications listing more than ive species from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. For each of the two locations, the total number of species recorded, and the species recorded for the irst time (both new records and new taxa) are given. Seven publications (viz. Laseron, 1956a, 1956b, 1958; Rudman, 1986a, 1986b; Coleman, 2008; Gosliner et al., 2008) did not focus only on the fauna of Christmas Island and the species totals reported in these publications are not informative, and are indicated as not applicable (i.e., “n/a”). In two publications that appeared in the same year, Coleman (2008) and Gosliner et al. (2008) both listed three species in common that are also new records. Christmas Island species Publication Cocos (Keeling) species Year Reported New records Marrat (1879) 1879 Smith (1887) 1887 16 16 Smith (1889) 1889 11 7 Smith (1900a, 1900b) 1900 41 34 Smith (1909) 1909 34 29 Smith (in Wood-Jones, 1910) 1910 Smith (1911) 1911 61 18 Iredale (1917) 1917 5 5 Tomlin (1935) 1935 170 93 Abbott (1950) 1950 Laseron (1956a, b) 1956 n/a 21 Laseron (1958) 1958 n/a 14 Maes (1967) 1967 Rudman (1986a, 1986b) 1986 n/a 7 Wells et al. (1990) 1990 379 275 Wells (1994) 1994 Wells & Slack-Smith (2000) 2000 430 62 Humphreys & Eberhard (2001) 2001 15 11 Coleman (2006a, 2006b) 2006 102 49 Coleman (2008) 2008 n/a 8 Gosliner et al. (2008) 2008 n/a 10 Beeton et al. (2010) 2010 31 17 This study 2014 760 35 375 Reported New records 26 21 25 18 154 129 504 342 610 132 102 54 757 22

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