General patterns of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran* Authors: Rajaei, Hossein, Noori, Sajad, Karsholt, Ole, and Zahiri, Reza Source: Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History, 6(Sp1) : 69-81 Published By: Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History URL: https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.4 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Integrative Systematics 6 (Special Issue): 69–81; published 16.III.2023; DOI: 10.18476/2023.997558.4 69 CHAPTER 4 General patterns of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran*1 Hossein R ajaei1, sajad nooRi1, ole K aRsHolt2 & Reza zaHiRi3 The main purpose of this catalogue was to improve our knowledge of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran and acquire a better knowledge of the patterns of distribution of this large insect order within the country. These patterns not only show the large-scale structure of the faunal elements of this order in Iran, but also highlight research gaps and and other needs in Iranian lepidopterology, which should be addressed before we lose more habitats and species. This chapter addresses questions such as: How many lepidopteran species are reported from Iran? How many of them are truly present in Iran? I.e., how many need further confirmation and how many have been erroneously reported? How many of the reported species are regarded as synonyms today? How are they systematically distributed (e.g., how many species are known per family)? How are they geographically distributed, both horizontally and vertically? Which taxonomic groups are especially in need of additional sampling efforts and taxonomic revisions? Finally, how many are endemic to Iran? Synonyms Species diversity In total, 6,191 species-level names are listed in this catalogue as reported from Iran in the literature or for the first time in the present catalogue. Of these, 1,262 are regarded as junior synonyms and 117 as erroneously reported, although 24 are considered likely to occur in the country (see Appendix 1). Of the 4,812 remaining valid species, 4,517 are regarded as definitely resident in Iran, whereas 295 need further confirmation [see Fig. 1 and notes in Rajaei et al. (2023)]. In total, we list 892 endemic species for Iran, corresponding to an endemicity rate of 19.7% (Appendix 2). As can be observed in Fig. 2, over 70% of the endemic species have been collected at altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m. Isolation, by reducing gene flow, is an important driver of speciation, and higher per-species speciation rates caused by increasing isolation with elevation are assumed to be one of the most plausible explanations for the globally consistent pattern of higher endemism at 1,262 Erroneous but probable 24 117 erroneously reported species Erroneous 93 Unconfirmed 294 4,812 known species Resident 4,518 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Fig. 1. Summary of the statuses in Iran of the lepidopteran species listed in this catalogue. *1 In: R ajaei, H. & K aRsHolt, O. (eds.): Lepidoptera Iranica. – Integrative Systematics 6 (Special Issue): 69–81. © Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 70 LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA Fig. 2. Elevational diversity gradients of the endemic Lepidoptera species of Iran. In (b), each dot represents a species record. 977 NOCTUIDAE 539 GEOMETRIDAE 467 PYRALIDAE 336 EREBIDAE 317 CRAMBIDAE 260 TORTRICIDAE 236 GELECHIIDAE 215 LYCAENIDAE 188 COLEOPHORIDAE 146 NYMPHALIDAE see list A 51–100 see list B 11–50 <10 see list C 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 List A: AUTOSTICHIDAE, COSSIDAE, DEPRESSARIIDAE, GRACILLARIIDAE, PIERIDAE, PTEROPHORIDAE, SESIIDAE, TINEIDAE, ZYGAENIDAE. List B: ALUCITIDAE, AUTOSTICHIDAE, BRACHODIDAE, BUCCULATRICIDAE, COSMOPTERIGIDAE, COSSIDAE, DEPRESSARIIDAE, ELACHISTIDAE, GRACILLARIIDAE, HESPERIIDAE, LASIOCAMPIDAE, MEESSIIDAE, NEPTICULIDAE, NOLIDAE, NOTODONTIDAE, OECOPHORIDAE, PAPILIONIDAE, PIERIDAE, PSYCHIDAE, PTEROPHORIDAE, SCYTHRIDIDAE, SESIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, TINEIDAE, YPSOLOPHIDAE, ZYGAENIDAE. List C: ADELIDAE, ARGYRESTHIIDAE, BATRACHEDRIDAE, BEDELLIIDAE, BLASTOBASIDAE, BOMBYCIDAE, BRAHMAEIDAE, CARPOSINIDAE, CHOREUTIDAE, CIMELIIDAE, DOUGLASIIDAE, DREPANIDAE, EPERMENIIDAE, EPIPYROPIDAE, ERIOCOTTIDAE, EUTELIIDAE, GALACTICIDAE, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE, HELIODINIDAE, HELIOZELIDAE, HEPIALIDAE, LECITHOCERIDAE, LIMACODIDAE, LYONETIIDAE, LYPUSIDAE, MICROPTERIGIDAE, MOMPHIDAE, PLUTELLIDAE, PTEROLONCHIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, STATHMOPODIDAE, TISCHERIIDAE, USTYURTIIDAE, YPONOMEUTIDAE. Fig. 3. Number of known Lepidoptera species per family in Iran. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use RAJAEI ET AL.: GENERAL PATTERNS OF IRANIAN LEPIDOPTERA higher elevations (steinbaueR et al. 2016). Phylogenetic evidence indicates that many high-elevation endemics across the globe are phylogenetically young taxa resulting from recent rapid diversification, e.g., in the New Zealand Alps (WinKWoRtH et al. 2005), the Andes (HutteR et al. 2013) and East Malaysia (MeRcKx et al. 2015). These localized areas (i.e., type localities) can be used as a reference for future conservation initiatives. 71 Distribution of species within families As can be observed in Appendix 1, some families are more species-rich than others. However, this pattern could simply be an artefact due to some taxonomic groups being less studied (e.g., the microlepidopteran families) when compared to other parts of the world (e.g., Europe or North America). In contrast, some families (e.g., Zygaenidae, Cos- 441 746 746 1104 606 679 399 1296 262 895 1385 631 451 443 784 683 174 251 543 104 618 103 179 310 462 400 591 1625 262 1625 827 661 a 103 b 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 c c Fig. 4. Data on Iranian Lepidoptera, subdivided by province. a. Map showing number of recorded species per province. b. Map showing number of type localities per province. c. Bar chart showing number of recorded species per province. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 72 LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA sidae and nearly all Papilionoidea) are much better known. Fig. 3 shows the number of species per family in Iran. Horizontal and vertical distribution of Lepidoptera species in Iran Not only have some lepidopteran lineages been incompletely studied in Iran (e.g., most microlepidopteran families), but some provinces have been insufficiently explored overall. The number of recorded species per province is shown in Appendix 3 and Fig. 4, where it is clear that several provinces (e.g., Ilam and Khorasan-e Jonubi) have been largely neglected in past taxonomic surveys. Of note, the Ilam province is located in a transitional zone between the Zagros Mts. and the desert plains of Iraq, and potentially contains a rich Lepidoptera fauna. Some other provinces (e.g., Ardabil and Khorasan-e Shomali), although much better studied, show a low number of type localities (Fig. 4b), which could be explained by intensive taxonomic studies on the other side of the national borders of Iran, e.g., in the Kopet-Dagh Mts. (Turkmenistan) and Azerbaijan Mts. (Azerbaijan). Most lepidopterous larvae feed on living plants, many of them on a single plant species (monophagous) or a few related species (oligophagous), and their distribution is therefore dependent on the distribution of their host plants. Areas with a high diversity of plants have, in most cases, a correlatively high diversity of Lepidoptera. In some families of Lepidoptera (e.g., Gracillariidae, Tortricidae and Geometridae), the larvae of a majority of species feed on the leaves of deciduous trees. These families are thus most diverse in forested areas such as mountains and north-facing hills. The larvae of many species of Gelechiidae, Pyralidae and Noctuidae feed on low plants, often in dry areas, and these families are most diverse in steppes and semi-deserts. References HutteR, c. R., GuayasaMin, j. M. & Wiens, j. j. (2013): Explaining Andean megadiversity: the evolutionary and ecological causes of glassfrog elevational richness patterns. – Ecology Letters 16: 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12148 MeRcKx, V. s. F. t., HendRiKs, K. P., beentjes, K. K., Mennes, c. b., becKinG, l. e., PeijnenbuRG, K. t. c. a., aFendy, a., aRuMuGaM, n., boeR, H. de, biun, a., buanG, M. 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J. de, GaediKe, R., Gyulai, P., HausMann, A., HaxaiRe, J., HobeRn, D., HoFMann, A., iGnateV, N., K aila, L., K allies, A., Keil, T., Kiss, Á., KitcHinG, I. J., Kun, A., lászló, G. M., leRaut, G., Mally, R., MatoV, A., MeineKe, J.-U., MelicHaR, T., Mey, W., MiRonoV, V., MülleR, B., nadeRi, A., nässiG, W. A., nauMann, S., nazaRi, V., nieuKeRKen, E. J. Van, nuss, M., Pöll, N., PRozoRoV, A. M., R abieH, M. M., R áKosy, L., R indoš, M., Rota, J., RouGeRie, R., scHintlMeisteR, A., sHiRVani, A., siHVonen, P., siMonsen, T. J., sineV, S. yu., sKou, P., sobczyK, T., soHn, J.-C., tabell, J., taRMann, G., toKáR, Z., tRuscH, R., VaRGa, Z., VolynKin, A. V., WanKe, D., yaKoVleV, R. V., zaHiRi, R., zeHzad, P., zelleR, H. C., zolotuHin, V. V. & K aRsHolt, O. (2023a): Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Iran. – In: R ajaei, H. & K aRsHolt, O. (eds.): Lepidoptera Iranica. – Integrative Systematics 6 (Special Issue): 121–459. https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.7 steinbaueR, M. j., Field, R., GRytnes, j.-a., tRiGas, P., aH-PenG, c., attoRRe, F., biRKs, H. j. b., boRGes, P. a. V., caRdoso, P., cHou, c.-H., de sanctis, M., sequeiRa, M. M. de, duaRte, M. c., elias, R. b., FeRnández-Palacios, j. M., GabRiel, R., GeReau, R. e., GillesPie, R. G., GReiMleR, j., HaRteR, d. e. V., HuanG, t.-j., iRl, s. d. H., jeanMonod, d., jentscH, a., juMP, a. s., KueFFeR, c., noGué, s., otto, R., PRice, j., RoMeiRas, M. M., stRasbeRG, d., stuessy, t., sVenninG, j.-c., Vetaas, o. R. & beieRKuHnlein, c. (2016): Topography-driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation. – Global Ecology and Biogeography 25: 1097–1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12469 WinKWoRtH, R. c., WaGstaFF, s. j., Glenny, d. & locKHaRt, P. j. (2005): Evolution of the New Zealand mountain flora: origins, diversification and dispersal. – Organisms Diversity & Evolution 5: 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2004.12.001 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 73 RAJAEI ET AL.: GENERAL PATTERNS OF IRANIAN LEPIDOPTERA Authors’ addresses: 1 State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D–70191 Stuttgart, Germany; e-mails: hossein.rajaei@smns-bw.de (HR, corresponding author), sajad.noori@smns-bw.de (SN); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3940-3734 (HR), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9933-6713 (SN) 2 Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; e-mail: okarsholt@snm.ku.dk; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-2549 3 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Plant Laboratory, Entomology Laboratory, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa K1A 0C6, Ontario, Canada; e-mail: Reza.Zahiri@inspection.gc.ca; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-6973 ZooBank registration: https://zoobank.org/References/FE9D2120-CD95-4ACC-B2B5-0583C5242D39 Manuscript received: 11.X.2022; accepted: 10.I.2023. Appendix 1. Number of resident species (R) within each Lepidoptera family in Iran. Species requiring further confirmation (U) are also listed, together with erroneously reported species (E) and species erroneously reported but possibly occurring in the country (EP). Endemic species are listed in the last column. Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Family Micropterigidae Hepialidae Nepticulidae Heliozelidae Adelidae Tischeriidae Meessiidae Psychidae Eriocottidae Tineidae Bucculatricidae Gracillariidae Bedelliidae Heliodinidae Lyonetiidae Argyresthiidae Yponomeutidae Ypsolophidae Plutellidae Glyphipterigidae Douglasiidae Ustyurtiidae Choreutidae Galacticidae Tortricidae Cossidae Sesiidae Brachodidae Zygaenidae Limacodidae Epipyropidae Lecithoceridae Autostichidae Oecophoridae Lypusidae Depressariidae R 2 1 33 4 4 11 14 1 66 12 57 2 1 3 5 4 12 5 4 6 1 5 2 211 82 55 12 74 2 1 3 59 9 65 U 2 1 1 1 7 2 1 1 1 1 2 49 4 2 1 8 2 10 E 1 1 2 3 4 2 1 - EP 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Endemic 4 7 9 1 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 30 15 12 3 38 1 1 36 5 8 Nr. 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Family Cosmopterigidae Gelechiidae Pterolonchidae Elachistidae Coleophoridae Batrachedridae Scythrididae Stathmopodidae Blastobasidae Momphidae Alucitidae Pterophoridae Carposinidae Epermeniidae Hesperiidae Papilionidae Pieridae Lycaenidae Nymphalidae Pyralidae Crambidae Cimeliidae Drepanidae Lasiocampidae Brahmaeidae Bombycidae Saturniidae Sphingidae Geometridae Notodontidae Erebidae Euteliidae Nolidae Noctuidae Totals R 32 209 1 12 181 1 32 5 1 1 11 93 2 7 41 10 53 208 140 455 315 1 7 38 4 1 4 33 474 24 324 2 26 941 4,517 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use U 1 27 7 7 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 7 6 12 2 1 1 3 65 1 12 2 36 295 E 2 1 2 1 1 3 4 10 7 3 4 2 4 1 9 7 6 12 93 EP 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 2 24 Endemic 4 25 5 35 7 1 2 5 2 2 6 61 13 130 66 8 1 114 3 55 1 161 891 74 LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA Appendix 2. List of endemic Lepidoptera species in Iran, sorted by family. MEESSIIDAE (4) Infurcitinea fasciella Gaedike, 1983 Infurcitinea megalopterella Petersen, 1964 Infurcitinea obscuroides Gaedike, 1983 Infurcitinea teheranensis Petersen, 1971 PSYCHIDAE (7) Amicta davarica (Solyanikov, 2002) Amicta lutensis Arnscheid, Rajaei & Sobczyk, 2021 Kalliesia irana Sobczyk, 2004 Oiketicoides schahkuhensis (Heylaerts, 1885) Oiketicoides villosa (Brandt, 1938) Placodoma eberti Arnscheid, 2020 Placodoma sobczyki Arnscheid, 2020 TINEIDAE (9) Anomalotinea iranica (Petersen & Gaedike, 1984) Ateliotum confusum Petersen, 1966 Edosa xerxes (Petersen & Gaedike, 1984) Euplocamus schaeferi Amsel, 1959 Kermania pistaciella Amsel, 1964 Neurothaumasia brandti Petersen, 1966 Neurothaumasia maculata Petersen & Gaedike, 1996 Perissomastix falcata Petersen, 1988 Perissomastix laricola Gaedike, 2019 BUCCULATRICIDAE (1) Bucculatrix iranica Deschka, 1981 GRACILLARIIDAE (4) Acrocercops iraniana Triberti, 1989 Aspilapteryx magna Triberti, 1985 Phyllonorycter iranica Deschka, 1979 Polymitia laristana Triberti, 1986 LYONETIIDAE (1) Phyllobrostis farsensis Mey, 2006 ARGYRESTHIIDAE (1) Argyresthia mirabiella Toll, 1948 YPSOLOPHIDAE (3) Ochsenheimeria chorasanica Zagulajev, 1988 Ypsolopha kotzschi (Toll, 1948) Ypsolopha nervosellum (Zerny, 1940) PLUTELLIDAE (3) Baerenschenkia lamasi Mey, 2022 Deryaxenistis nekrutenkoi Mey, 2022 Paraxenistis ammolofon Mey, 2022 USTYURTIIDAE (1) Karwandania chimabacchella Amsel. 1959 GALACTICIDAE (1) Zarcinia sp. TORTRICIDAE (30) Aethes destituta Razowski, 1983 Aethes eberti Sutter & Karisch, 2004 Aethes kandovana Alipanah, 2009 Aethes luteopictana (Kennel, 1900) Aethes persica Razowski, 1963 Aethes shakibai Huemer & Wieser, 2004 Argyroploce rhetorica Meyrick, 1920 Argyroploce vandarbana Osthelder, 1938 Choristoneura jecorana (Kennel, 1899) Cnephasia razowskii Alipanah, 2019 Cochylimorpha brandti (Razowski, 1963) Cochylimorpha elegans (Razowski, 1963) Cochylimorpha pirizanica (Razowski, 1963) Cochylimorpha scrophulana (Razowski, 1963) Cochylimorpha wiltshirei (Razowski, 1963) Cydia persica (Kuznetsov, 1968) Diceratura keredjana Razowski, 1963 Diceratura teheranica Razowski, 1970 Dichrorampha iranica Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968 Epinotia safidana Razowski, 1963 Eucosma persiae Razowski, 1963 Gypsonoma ochrotona Razowski, 1963 Hedya tritofa Alipanah & Baixeras, 2011 Pammene caliginosa Kuznetsov, 1972 Pammene festiva Kuznetsov, 1972 Phtheochroa purissima (Osthelder, 1938) Thiodia confusana Kuznetsov, 1972 Thiodia elbursica Kuznetsov, 1972 Zeiraphera smaragdina Razowski, 1963 Zelotherses conscia (Razowski, 1981) COSSIDAE (15) Barchaniella mus (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902) Cossulus irani (Daniel, 1937) Cossulus kopetdaghensis Yakovlev & Alipanah, 2021 Cossulus zoroastres (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902) Dyspessa alipanahae Yakovlev, 2008 Dyspessa ariadne Yakovlev, 2008 Dyspessa derbenti Daniel, 1964 Dyspessa elbursensis Daniel, 1964 Dyspessa serica Brandt, 1938 Dyspessa zurvan Yakovlev, 2008 Holcocerus witti Yakovlev, Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2007 Isoceras teheranica Daniel, 1971 Meharia avicenna Yakovlev, 2011 Meharia baluchestana Alipanah & Yakovlev, 2021 Meharia tancredii Sutton, 1963 SESIIDAE (12) Bembecia molleti Kallies & Špatenka, 2003 Chamaesphecia adelpha Le Cerf, 1946 Chamaesphecia fredi Le Cerf, 1938 Chamaesphecia inexpectata (Le Cerf, 1938) Chamaesphecia keili Kallies & Špatenka, 2003 Chamaesphecia leucocnemis Le Cerf, 1938 Chamaesphecia leucoparea (Lederer, 1853) Chamaesphecia sefid Le Cerf, 1938 Chamaesphecia thomyris Le Cerf, 1938 Chamaesphecia xantho Le Cerf, 1937 Dipchasphecia consobrina (Le Cerf, 1938) Tinthia mianjangalica Lastuvka, 1995 BRACHODIDAE (3) Brachodes formosa (Amsel, 1953) Brachodes monotona (Amsel, 1953) Brachodes rhagensis (Lederer, 1870) ZYGAENIDAE (38) Jordanita christinae Keil, 1998 Jordanita rietzschi Keil, 2016 Rhagades brandti (Alberti, 1938) Rhagades tarmanni Keil, 1999 Zygaena aisha Naumann & Naumann, 1980 Zygaena bakhtiyari Hofmann & Tremewan, 2005 Zygaena cacuminum Christoph, 1877 Zygaena chirazica Reiss, 1938 Zygaena christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967 Zygaena ecki Christoph, 1882 Zygaena esseni Blom, 1973 Zygaena fredi Reiss, 1938 Zygaena fusca Hofmann, 2000 Zygaena ginnereissi Hofmann, 2000 Zygaena kermanensis Tremewan, 1975 Zygaena manlia Lederer, 1870 Zygaena mirzayansi Hofmann & Keil, 2011 Zygaena naumanni Hille & Keil, 1999 Zygaena nocturna Ebert, 1974 Zygaena pseudorubricundus Klir & Naumann, 2002 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use RAJAEI ET AL.: GENERAL PATTERNS OF IRANIAN LEPIDOPTERA Zygaena seitzi Reiss, 1938 Zygaena sengana Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1956 Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937 Zygaena tenhagenova Hofmann, 2005 Zygaenoprocris duskei (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902) Zygaenoprocris efetovi Mollet & Tarmann, 2007 Zygaenoprocris fredi (Alberti, 1939) Zygaenoprocris hasarani Keil, 2020 Zygaenoprocris hofmanni Mollet & Tarmann, 2007 Zygaenoprocris khorassana (Alberti, 1939) Zygaenoprocris kliri Keil, 2002 Zygaenoprocris molleti Keil, 2020 Zygaenoprocris persepolis (Alberti, 1938) Zygaenoprocris puschmanni Keil, 2020 Zygaenoprocris rjabovi (Alberti, 1938) Zygaenoprocris schahdadiani Keil, 2020 Zygaenoprocris taftana (Alberti, 1939) Zygaenoprocris valii Keil, 2020 EPIPYROPIDAE (1) Epimesophantia dlabolai Krampl, 1983 LECITHOCERIDAE (1) Lecithocera persica Gozmány, 1978 AUTOSTICHIDAE (36) Acrosyntaxis anagramma Gozmány, 2008 Acrosyntaxis cyclacantha Gozmány, 2008 Acrosyntaxis micracantha Gozmány, 2008 Acrosyntaxis pilatus (Gozmány, 1963) Acrosyntaxis rhyparastis Gozmány, 2008 Amselina adornata Gozmány, 2008 Amselina odynera Gozmány, 2008 Amselina stagonophora Gozmány, 2008 Concordaxis convergens Gozmány, 2008 Cyllaraxis cambyses Gozmány, 2000 Cyllaraxis cyrus Gozmány, 2000 Dysspastus mucronatus Gozmány, 2008 Orpecacantha multispina Gozmány, 2008 Orpecacantha pardalis Gozmány, 2008 Orpecovalva effendi (Dozmány, 1963) Orpecovalva eremita (Gozmány, 1963) Orpecovalva singularis Gozmány, 2008 Orpecovalva wiltshirei (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca capnistis Gozmány, 2008 Symmoca euxantha Gozmány, 2008 Symmoca forsteri (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca maga (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca megalomera Gozmány, 2008 Symmoca mithra (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca mithridates (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca multigrassa Gozmány, 2008 Symmoca persica (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca sahname (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca satrapa (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca sefidica Gozmány, 2008 Symmoca shahriar Gozmány, 2008 Symmoca sheherezade (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca sindbad (Gozmány, 1963) Symmoca squalida Gozmány, 2008 Symmoca striolatella Gozmány, 1963 Symmoca vojnitsi Gozmány, 2008 OECOPHORIDAE (5) Pleurota delattinia Back, 1973 Pleurota gnathella Back, 1973 Pleurota lineata Toll, 1947 Pleurota media Back, 1973 Pleurota persica Back, 1973 DEPRESSARIIDAE (8) Agonopterix bakriella Amsel, 1958 Agonopterix demissella Hannemann, 1958 Agonopterix elbursella Hannemann, 1976 Agonopterix miyanella Amsel, 1972 Ethmia alba (Amsel, 1949) Ethmia derbendella Sattler, 1967 Ethmia persica Kun, 2007 Ethmia sattleri Kun, 2007 COSMOPTERIGIDAE (4) Ascalenia imbella Kasy, 1974 Ascalenia sirjanella Kasy, 1975 Pseudascalenia abbasella Kasy, 1974 Vulcaniella schultzendorffi (Amsel, 1959) GELECHIIDAE (25) Agnippe separatella Bidzilya & Li, 2010 Anarsia belutschistanella (Amsel, 1959) Deltophora beatrix Sattler, 1979 Filatima armata Bidzilya & Huemer, 2022 Gnorimoschema elbursicum Povolny, 1984 Megacraspedus golestanicus Huemer & Karsholt, 2018 Microlechia iranica (Povolný, 1976) Ornativalva plicella Sattler, 1976 Ornativalva roseosuffusella Sattler, 1967 Ornativalva rufipuncta Sattler, 1976 Scrobipalpa albostriata Povolný, 1977 Scrobipalpa cryptica Povolný, 1969 Scrobipalpa helmuti Povolny, 1977 Scrobipalpa kasyvartianella Povolný, 1967 Scrobipalpa laisinca Povolný, 1976 Scrobipalpa nigromaculata (Povolný, 2002) Scrobipalpa optima Povolný, 1969 Scrobipalpa otregata Povolný, 1972 Scrobipalpa scrobipalpulina Povolný, 1967 Spiniphallellus eberti Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2019 Stomopteryx pallidella Amsel, 1959 Struempelia renatella Amsel, 1977 Telphusa pistaciae Sattler, 1982 Tricerophora acutivalva Bidzilya & Mey, 2018 Vladimirea stepicola Povolný, 1976 ELACHISTIDAE (5) Elachista aeruginosa Parenti, 1981 Elachista cornuta Parenti, 1981 Elachista derbendi Parenti, 1981 Elachista semnani Parenti, 1981 Haplochrois sinevi (Baldizzone, 1993) COLEOPHORIDAE (35) Coleophora accadica Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora aculeata Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora amphorella Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora aporiella Baldizzone, 1989 Coleophora carmaniae Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora coronata Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora darica Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora decoratella Toll, 1959 Coleophora elamita Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora elbursella Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora eumorphella Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora flabelligerella Rebel, 1919 Coleophora flammea Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora fusca Toll, 1952 Coleophora ganglionella Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora hatamae Toll, 1959 Coleophora hieratica Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora inclita Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora inopinata Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora kandevanella Toll, 1952 Coleophora kitella Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora kotalensis Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora makuensis Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora minutula Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora monstruosa Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora namakella Amsel, 1977 Coleophora ovata Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora parthica Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora persana Baldizzone, 1990 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 75 76 Coleophora rostrata Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora schaeuffeleella Toll, 1959 Coleophora schahkuhensis Toll, 1952 Coleophora simplex Baldizzone, 1994 Coleophora sivandella Toll, 1959 Coleophora sobria Baldizzone, 1994 SCYTHRIDIDAE (7) Scythris alborzensis Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2011 Scythris ampullella Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2012 Scythris bifasciella Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2011 Scythris elburzi Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2008 Scythris ethmiella Amsel, 1974 Scythris farsi Passerin d’Entrèves, 2009 Scythris tridentata Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero, 2012 STATHMOPODIDAE (1) Tortilia pallidella Kasy, 1973 ALUCITIDAE (2) Alucita iranensis Scholz & Jäckh, 1994 Tephroniopsis geometridalis Amsel, 1961 PTEROPHORIDAE (5) Agdistis iranica Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin, 2007 Calyciphora golestanica Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin, 2005 Marasmarcha iranica Arenberger, 1999 Merrifieldia farsi (Arenberger, 1981) Tabulaephorus djebeli (Arenberger, 1981) CARPOSINIDAE (2) Carposina ekbatana Amsel, 1978 Carposina roesleri Amsel, 1977 PAPILIONIDAE (2) Allancastria louristana (Le Cerf, 1908) Archon bostanchii de Freina & Naderi, 2003 PIERIDAE (6) Anthocharis carolinae Back, 2005 Colias sagartia Lederer, 1869 Euchloe lessei Bernardi, 1957 Euchloe persica Verity, 1908 Euchloe ziayani Leestmans & Back, 2001 Pieris persis Verity, 1922 LYCAENIDAE (61) Agriades aegagrus (Christoph, 1874) Callophrys farsica ten Hagen, 2009 Callophrys mystaphioides Krupitsky & Kolesnichenko, 2013 Callophrys naderii ten Hagen, 2008 Glaucopsyche hazerii Karbalaye & Harandi, 2007 Lycaena lamponides (Staudinger, 1901) Neolysandra corona (Verity, 1936) Neolysandra fereiduna Skala, 2002 Plebejus afshar Eckweiler, 1998 Plebejus alizadehorum Bálint & Karbalaye, 2020 Plebejus ardashir (Eckweiler, 1998) Plebejus callaghani (Carbonell & Naderi, 2007) Plebejus montetaftanus (ten Hagen & Schurian, 2001) Plebejus vaneki (Weidenhoffer & Klir 2000) Polyommatus achaemenes Skala, 2002 Polyommatus aereus Eckweiler, 1998 Polyommatus ahmadi (Carbonell, 2001) Polyommatus ardschira (Brandt, 1938) Polyommatus baltazardi (de Lesse, 1963) Polyommatus barmifiruze (Carbonell, 2000) Polyommatus birunii Eckweiler & ten Hagen, 1998 Polyommatus caerulea (Staudinger, 1871) Polyommatus darius Eckweiler & ten Hagen, 1998 Polyommatus demavendi (Pfeiffer, 1938) Polyommatus dizinensis (Schurian, 1982) Polyommatus eckweileri ten Hagen, 1998 Polyommatus esfahensis (Carbonell, 2000) Polyommatus faramarzii (Skala, 2001) LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA Polyommatus femininoides (Eckweiler, 1987) Polyommatus forsteri (Pfeiffer, 1938) Polyommatus hamadanensis (de Lesse, 1959) Polyommatus kashani Eckweiler, 2013 Polyommatus kendevani (Forster, 1956) Polyommatus kermansis (de Lesse, 1963) Polyommatus klausschuriani ten Hagen, 1999 Polyommatus lorestanus Eckweiler, 1997 Polyommatus lori Eckweiler, 2013 Polyommatus luna Eckweiler, 2002 Polyommatus masulensis ten Hagen & Schurian, 2000 Polyommatus mofidii (de Lesse, 1963) Polyommatus morgani (Le Cerf, 1909) Polyommatus musa Koçak & Hosseinpour, 1996 Polyommatus paulae Wiemers & De Prins, 2004 Polyommatus peilei Bethune-Baker, 1921 Polyommatus pfeifferi (Brandt, 1938) Polyommatus posthumus (Christoph, 1877) Polyommatus pseudoxerxes (Forster, 1960) Polyommatus sennanensis (de Lesse, 1959) Polyommatus sephidarensis Karbalaye, 2008 Polyommatus shahkuhensis Lukhtanov et al., 2008 Polyommatus shahrami Skala, 2001 Polyommatus shirkuhensis ten Hagen & Eckweiler, 2001 Polyommatus sorkhensis Eckweiler, 2003 Polyommatus stempfferi (Brandt, 1938) Polyommatus tenhageni Schurian & Eckweiler, 1999 Polyommatus urmiaensis Schurian & ten Hagen, 2003 Polyommatus xerxes (Staudinger, 1899) Polyommatus zarathustra Eckweiler, 1997 Polyommatus zardensis Schurian & ten Hagen 2001 Satyrium persepolis Eckweiler & ten Hagen, 2003 Satyrium sassanides (Kollar, [1849]) NYMPHALIDAE (13) Chazara mortezai Carbonell & Leestmans, 2000 Hyponephele shirazica Carbonell, 1997 Melanargia evartianae Wagener, 1976 Melitaea abbas Gross & Ebert, 1975 Melitaea casta Kollar, [1849] Melitaea consulis Wiltshire, 1941 Melitaea eberti Koçak, 1980 Melitaea jitka D. Weiss & Major, 2000 Melitaea sarvistana Wiltshire, 1941 Melitaea saxatilis Christoph, 1874 Melitaea semiconsulis Coutsis, van Oorschot & Naderi, 2014 Melitaea shahvarica Kolesnichenko & Kotlobay, 2022 Satyrus astyages Skala, 2003 PYRALIDAE (130) Acrobasis bouchirella (Amsel, 1951) Acrobasis mirabiella (Toll, 1948) Acrobasis persicella (Amsel, 1951) Acrobasis zamantha (Roesler, 1987) Acteniopsis gambronensis Alipanah & Asselbergs, 2018 Aglossa simplicialis Christoph, 1893 Amechedia herlina Roesler, 1989 Ancylosis canella Roesler, 1973 Ancylosis decentella (Ragonot, 1887) Ancylosis externella Roesler, 1973 Ancylosis iranella Ragonot, 1887 Ancylosis kazerunella Roesler, 1973 Ancylosis persicella (Amsel, 1961) Anemmalocera flavescentella Amsel, 1961 Anerastia infumella Ragonot, 1887 Ardekanopsis griseella Amsel, 1954 Arsenaria indistinctalis (Amsel, 1949) Arsenaria strictalis (Amsel, 1949) Arsissa firusella (Amsel, 1961) Asalebria alida Roesler, 1988 Asalebria pallidisignata (Toll, 1948) Asaluria reisseri Amsel, 1958 Asclerobia tchahabarella (Amsel, 1950) Benderia talhouki Amsel, 1949 Bostra bifascialis Amsel, 1950 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use RAJAEI ET AL.: GENERAL PATTERNS OF IRANIAN LEPIDOPTERA Bostra farsalis Amsel, 1950 Bostra fuscella Amsel, 1959 Bostra pseudospaniella Amsel, 1951 Coleocornutia ecbataniella Amsel, 1961 Coleocornutia shirazella Amsel, 1961 Dalakia uniformella Amsel, 1961 Dentitegumia dhana Roesler, 1989 Dentitegumia sirjana Roesler, 1989 Dioryctria stenopterella Amsel, 1961 Ecbatania alvandella Amsel, 1961 Elegia kharazii Alipanah & Slamka, 2021 Ematheudes persicella (Amsel, 1961) Epiparthia constituta Roesler, 1989 Epischnia unicornutella Amsel, 1961 Eurhodope hyrcanella Amsel, 1954 Eurhodope mira Amsel, 1954 Euzophera comeella Roesler, 1973 Euzophera derbendicola Roesler, 1973 Euzophera eburnella Amsel, 1954 Euzophera flagella (Lederer, 1869) Faveria tchourouma (Amsel, 1961) Gymnancyla iranella Alipanah & Asselbergs, 2014 Homoeosoma obatricostella Ragonot, 1887 Hypotia brandti (Amsel, 1949) Hypotia colchicaloides (Amsel, 1949) Hypotia infascialis (Amsel, 1949) Hypotia metasialis (Amsel, 1954) Hypotia mimicralis (Amsel, 1951) Hypotia povolnyi (Amsel, 1975) Hypotia rectangula (Amsel, 1954) Keradere geminella (Amsel, 1954) Khachia albicostella Amsel, 1961 Khuzistania richteri Amsel, 1959 Laristania iranella (Amsel, 1954) Laristania khorassanella (Amsel, 1950) Laristania sardzella Amsel, 1951 Laristania taftanella (Amsel, 1954) Lepidogma hyrcanalis Amsel, 1961 Loryma bilinealis (Amsel, 1961) Makrania belutschistanella Amsel, 1959 Makrania benderella Amsel, 1961 Morosaphycita cornutella (Amsel, 1951) Myelois conformella Amsel, 1951 Myelois demawendella Zerny, 1939 Myelois paucipunctella Zerny, 1939 Myrlaea pittionii (Amsel, 1950) Nephopterix macrocirtensis Amsel, 1954 Nephopterix minimella Amsel, 1954 Nephopterix oxybiella Amsel, 1950 Neurotomia belutschistanella (Amsel, 1961) Ocrisiodes antiopa Roesler, 1988 Ocrisiodes bamella (Amsel, 1958) Ocrisiodes keredjella Amsel, 1961 Ocrisiodes occulta Roesler, 1990 Ocrisiodes polyptychella (Ragonot, 1887) Ocrisiodes senganella (Amsel, 1961) Ocrisiodes sesamella Roesler, 1988 Ormudzia cameratella Amsel, 1954 Palpusopsis roseella Amsel, 1959 Paraemporia monotona Amsel, 1951 Parasefidia benderella Amsel, 1950 Parasefidia comeella (Amsel, 1951) Pempelia caspiella (Amsel, 1959) Pempelia pallidella (Toll, 1948) Pempelia tarella (Zerny, 1939) Peoria costella Amsel, 1954 Peoria ematheudella Amsel, 1954 Phycita ardekanella Amsel, 1950 Phycita balutchistanella Amsel, 1950 Phycita comeella Amsel, 1950 Phycita hyrcanella Amsel, 1961 Phycita mianella Amsel, 1950 Phycita persarum (Toll, 1948) Phycita pirizanella Amsel, 1954 Phycita taftanella Amsel, 1950 Phycitodes binaloudella (Amsel, 1961) Pima keredjella (Amsel, 1954) Pima milka (Roesler, 1990) Pirizania salebrosella Amsel, 1954 Pirizanodes farsella Amsel, 1961 Polyochodes albidiscella (Amsel, 1954) Polyochodes farsella (Amsel, 1951) Polyochodes sefidella (Amsel, 1954) Praerhinaphe monotona Amsel, 1954 Pristocerella solskyi (Christoph, 1877 Prorophora senganella (Amsel, 1951) Psorosa elbursella Amsel, 1954 Psorosa mechedella Amsel, 1954 Psorosodes dalakiella Amsel, 1954 Salebriodes ephestiella Amsel, 1950 Sareptania rectangulella (Amsel, 1950) Sclerobiodes persica Amsel, 1951 Scotomera comealis (Amsel, 1951) Scotomera kirmanialis (Amsel, 1961) Scotomera laristanalis (Amsel, 1961) Scotomera luteocostalis (Amsel, 1950) Scotomera shirazalis (Amsel, 1961) Sefidia persica Amsel, 1950 Selagia disclusella Ragonot, 1887 Shirazia monotona Amsel, 1954 Stemmatophora persica (Amsel, 1949) Stemmatophora schwingenschussi Zerny, 1939 Synaphe unifascialis (Amsel, 1961) Tenellopsis microphycita Amsel, 1961 Zitha mira (Amsel, 1951) CRAMBIDAE (66) Aeschremon belutschistanalis Amsel, 1959 Aeschremon tenalis Amsel, 1961 Agriphila bleszynskiella Amsel, 1961 Agriphila microselasella Błeszyński, 1959 Anania rudalis (Zerny, 1939) Anarpia iranella (Zerny, 1939) Aporodes pygmaealis Amsel, 1961 Catoptria pfeifferi (Osthelder, 1938) Cybalomia dentilinealis Amsel, 1961 Elbursia stocki Amsel, 1950 Ephelis belutschistanalis (Amsel, 1961) Ephelis mirabilis (Amsel, 1959) (Emprepes) Ephelis palealis (Amsel, 1949) (Emprepes) Epimetasia abbasalis Amsel, 1974 Euchromius keredjella (Amsel, 1949) Euchromius malekalis Amsel, 1961 Evergestis affinis Amsel, 1951 Evergestis comealis Amsel, 1961 Evergestis elbursalis Amsel, 1961 Evergestis laristanalis Amsel, 1961 Evergestis petasalis Zerny, 1939 Evergestis shirazalis Amsel, 1954 Evergestis tenuiscriptalis Rebel, 1903 Fredia tchahbaharia Amsel, 1961 Glyphodes interruptalis (Amsel, 1950) Herpetogramma fascinalis (Amsel, 1950) Iranarpia albalis (Amsel, 1961) Iranarpia silacealis (Amsel, 1951) Iranomecyna dimorphalis (Amsel, 1961) Krombia minimella Amsel, 1961 Loxostege alticolalis (Christoph, 1877) Loxostege mira Amsel, 1951 Loxostege nissalis (Amsel, 1961) Loxostege shirazalis Amsel, 1961 Margaretania superba Amsel, 1961 Mecyna albalis Amsel, 1961 Mecyna grisealis Amsel, 1961 Mecyna indistinctalis Amsel, 1961 Mecyna sefidalis (Amsel, 1950) Mesolia alborzella Bassi, 2013 Metasia alvandalis Amsel, 1961 Metasia belutschistanalis Amsel, 1961 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 77 78 Metasia comealis Amsel, 1961 Metasia farsalis Amsel, 1961 Metasia laristanalis Amsel, 1961 Metasia sefidalis Amsel, 1961 Metaxmeste elbursana (Amsel, 1961) Metaxmeste staudingeri (Christoph, 1872) Mukia nigroanalis Amsel, 1954 Palpita persicalis (Amsel, 1951) Pyrausta laristanalis Amsel, 1961 Pyrausta nanalis (Christoph, 1888) Pyrausta pionalis Toll, 1948 Pyrausta taftanalis Amsel, 1961 Scoparia saerdabella Osthelder, 1938 Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, 2020 Syrianarpia elburzalis Alipanah & Gianti, 2017 Syrianarpia kasyi Leraut, 1984 Tegostoma marginalis Amsel, 1961 Titanio ecbataniella Amsel, 1958 Titanio hyrcanella Amsel, 1950 Tulaya margelana (Bethune-Baker, 1893) Tulaya staudingeri (Bethune-Baker, 1893) Udea ardekanalis Amsel, 1961 Udea mechedalis (Amsel, 1950) Udea pyraustiformis (Toll, 1948) LASIOCAMPIDAE (8) Chilena laristana Daniel, 1949 Chondrostega darius Wiltshire, 1952 Giselea pistaciae (Wiltshire, 1952) Pachygastria herzi (Christoph, 1888) Pachypasa hausmanni Prozorov et al., 2022 Phyllodesma farahae Lajonquière, 1963 Poecilocampa neka Zolotuhin & Zahiri, 2010 Sena cuneata (Brandt, 1938) (Chilena) BRAHMAEIDAE (1) Lemonia tamara Antoshin & Zolotuhin, 2013 GEOMETRIDAE (114) Abraxas wehrlii Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937 Alcis fredi (Wehrli, 1941) Charissa ali (Brandt, 1938) Charissa argillata (Brandt, 1938) Charissa asymmetra (Wehrli, 1936) Charissa pelengi (Brandt, 1938) Charissa subtila (Brandt, 1938) Charissa taftana (Brandt, 1941) Crocallis mirabica Brandt, 1941 Dicrognophos anophaea (Wehrli, 1939) Dicrognophos culminata (Brandt, 1938) Dicrognophos elahi (Brandt, 1938) Dicrognophos eurytiches (Brandt, 1941) Dicrognophos gorgata (Brandt, 1938) Dicrognophos snelleni (Christoph, 1887) Docirava palumbata Mentzer, 1981 Ecleora brandti (Wehrli, 1941) Ennomos fraxineti Wiltshire, 1947 Ennomos vartianae László, 2018 Ennomos zandi Wiltshire, 1947 Entephria catochra (Prout, 1939) Epitherina rhodopoleos Wehrli, 1938 Erannis caspica Laszlo, 2003 Euphyia chalusata Wiltshire, 1970 Euphyia farsica Brandt, 1941 Euphyia khorassana (Brandt, 1941) Euphyia obvallata (Lederer, [1871]) Euphyia scopulata Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia aduncata Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia aequabila Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia aradjouna Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia asperata Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia basurmanca Mironov & Ratzel, 2012 Eupithecia brandti Mironov & Ratzel, 2012 Eupithecia cheituna Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia edaphopteryx Vojnits, 1988 LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA Eupithecia elbursi Vojnits, 1988 Eupithecia elbursiata Schütze, 1960 Eupithecia forsterata Schütze, 1960 Eupithecia frontosa Brandt, 1941 Eupithecia fuscopunctata Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia harenosa Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia husseini Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia inexercita Vojnits, 1982 Eupithecia keredjana Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia laterata Dietze, 1904 Eupithecia mahomedana Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia montanata Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia persidis Mironov & Ratzel, 2012 Eupithecia pfeifferata Schütze, 1960 Eupithecia problematicata Schütze, 1960 Eupithecia prouti Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937 Eupithecia ridiculata Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia sectila Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia siata Brandt, 1938 Eupithecia tarensis Schwingenschuss, 1939 Eupithecia truschi Mironov & Ratzel, 2012 Eupithecia undulifera Schwingenschuss, 1939 Eupithecia zagrosata Mironov & Ratzel, 2012 Gnopharmia kasrunensis Wehrli, 1939 Gnophosema palumba Brandt, 1938 Heterobapta plumellata Wiltshire, 1943 Heteroculpinia pasargades (Brandt, 1938) Heteroculpinia prouti (Brandt, 1938) Idaea persica (Brandt, 1941) Idaea persidis (Wiltshire, 1966) Idaea wiltshirei (Brandt, 1938) Isturgia sengana (Brandt, 1940) Isturgia suleiman (Wehrli, 1936) Isturgia tengistanica (Brandt, 1938) Isturgia wehrlii (Brandt, 1940) Lithostege buxtoni Prout, 1920 Lithostege kiabii Rajaei, 2011 Lithostege samandooki Rajaei, 2011 Lithostege stadiei Lehmann, 2011 Nebula longipennis (Brandt, 1941) Nebula reclamata (Prout, 1914) Nebula saidabadi (Brandt, 1941) Nebula vartianata (Wiltshire, 1970) Neognopharmia horhammeri (Brandt, 1838) Nychiodes admirabila Brandt, 1938 Nychiodes farinosa Brandt, 1938 Nychiodes leviata Brandt, 1938 Nychiodes mirzayansi Wanke, Hausmann & Rajaei, 2020 Nychiodes subfusca Brandt, 1938 Nychiodes subvirida Brandt, 1938 Nyssiodes rhodopolitis Wehrli, 1939 Ourapteryx meinekei Rajaei & Kollhorst, 2021 Pasiphila palaearctica (Brandt, 1938) Photoscotosia antitypa Brandt, 1941 Protorhoe tangaba (Wiltshire, 1952) Rhodostrophia iranica Schwingenschuss, 1939 Rhodostrophia nesam Brandt, 1938 Rhodostrophia tabestana Trusch & Hausmann, 2007 Rhodostrophia tumulosa Brandt, 1938 Rhodostrophia vahabzadehi Rajaei, Hausmann & Trusch, 2022 Sabzia graminaria (Kollar, 1850) Scodionista gyulai Weisert, 2009 Scopula benigna (Brandt, 1941) Scopula bullata (Vojnits, 1986) Scopula chalcographata (Brandt, 1938) Scopula gracilis (Brandt, 1941) Scopula hoerhammeri Brandt, 1941 Scopula iranaria Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937 Scopula lactarioides Brandt, 1941 Scopula orbeorum (Hausmann, 1996) Scopula origalis (Brandt, 1941) Scotopteryx decolor (Schwingenschuss, 1939) Scotopteryx fuscofasciata (Brandt, 1938) Scotopteryx kurmanjiana Rajaei & László, 2014 Scotopteryx sterilis (Prout, 1938) Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use RAJAEI ET AL.: GENERAL PATTERNS OF IRANIAN LEPIDOPTERA Selidosema jowzakensis Weisert, 2009 Synopsia centralis (Wiltshire, 1966) Thetidia recta (Brandt, 1941) NOTODONTIDAE (3) Cerura kautti Schintlmeister, 2008 Furcula turbida (Brandt, 1938) Ptilophora sp. n. EREBIDAE (55) Amata aserbeidjana (de Freina, 1982) Amata beluchistana de Freina, 2008 Amata dinara de Freina 2010 Amata harandii de Freina & Naderi, 2008 Amata hyrcana (Bang-Haas, 1912) Amata kamarana de Freina, 2010 Amata kordestana de Freina & ten Hagen, 2003 Amata naderii de Freina, 2010 Amata persica (Kollar, 1849) Anydrophila banghaasi Brandt, 1939 Anydrophila distincta Brandt, 1939 Anydrophila hoerhammeri Brandt, 1939 Autophila cinnamonea Ronkay, 1989 Autophila clara Wiltshire, 1952 Autophila deleta Benedek & Ronkay, 2001 Autophila eurytaenia Boursin, 1963 Autophila iranica Ronkay, 1989 Autophila plattneri Boursin, 1955 Autophila sinesafida Wiltshire, 1952 Autophila umbrifera (Kollar, 1848) Catephia cana (Brandt, 1939) Catocala fredi Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937 Catocala luscinia Brandt, 1938 Chionoxantha margarita Brandt, 1938 Chionoxantha minutissima Hacker & Ebert, 2002 Chionoxantha nobilis Hacker & Ebert, 2002 Clytie devissima Hacker & Gyulai, 2013 Ebertarctia nordstroemi (Brandt, 1947) Eublemma aftob (Brandt, 1938) Eublemma agnella (Brandt, 1938) Eublemma argenteanea Hacker, 2019 Eublemma caelestis (Brandt, 1938) Eublemma fugitiva (Christoph, 1877) Eublemma jocularis (Christoph, 1877) Eublemma microptera (Brandt, 1939) Eublemma murati (Brandt, 1939) Eublemma nives (Brandt, 1938) Eublemma popovi (Wiltshire, 1953) Eublemma pseudepistrota (Brandt, 1938) Eublemma pseudoviridis (Brandt, 1939) Eublemma taftana (Brandt, 1941) Hyrcahypena schwingenschussi Wagner, 1937 Lygephila fereidun Wiltshire, 1961 Micronola irani Fibiger, 2011 Micronola zahirii Fibiger, 2011 Ocnerogyia pasargadae de Freina, 2012 Odice keyserlingi (Bienert, 1869) Parocneria audeoudi Brandt, 1938 Parocneria insolita Brandt, 1938 Pelosia uniformis Rothschild, 1921 Zanclostathme elbursalis Draudt, 1937 Zethes brandti Janson, 1977 Zethes narghisa Brandt, 1938 Zethes nemea Brandt, 1938 Zethes zahedanica Gyulai, 2022 NOLIDAE (1) Nola venusta (Brandt, 1938) NOCTUIDAE (162) Abrostola hyrcanica Hacker, 2002 Acrobyla draudti (Brandt, 1939) Acronicta saadi Brandt, 1938 Acronicta solimana (Draudt, 1938) Actebia damnata (Draudt, 1937) Actebia opisoleuca (Staudinger, 1881) Aegle porphyrinoides Gaal-Haszler et al., 2012 Agrotis psammocharis Boursin, 1950 Agrotis sardzeana Brandt, 1941 Allophyes renalis (Wiltshire, 1941) Amphipoea maryamae Zahiri & Fibiger, 2006 Amphipyra micra Gyulai & Ronkay, 2008 Anagnorisma chamrani Gyulai et al., 2013 Anarta halophila (Gyulai & Ronkay, 2008) Anchoscelis elbursica (Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006) Anchoscelis fuscomixta (Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006) Apamea minoc Babics & Benedek, 2011 Armada gelida (Brandt, 1939) Armada maritima Brandt, 1939 Atethmia sinuata Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006 Benshirachia paradoxa Gyulai, Varga & Ronkay, 2002 Boursinia ferdovsi (Brandt, 1941) Boursinia oxygramma Brandt, 1938 Brachygalea kamalii Shirvani, Ronkay & Talebi, 2008 Brachygalea miskoi Ronkay, 1996 Brandtina albonigra Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937 Bryomima avajensis Gyulai, 2022 Bryomima rosea Brandt, 1941 Bryomima vartianorum Gaal-Haszler et al., 2012 Bryophila argentacea Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937 Bryophila eucharista (Boursin, 1960) Bryophila petricolor Lederer, 1870 Bryophila salomonis (Boursin, 1954) Bryophila thamanaea Hampson, 1908 Bryophila thamanaea Hampson, 1908 Calamia metamorpha (Boursin, 1960) Caradrina altissima Hacker, 2004 Caradrina boursini (F. Wagner, 1936) Caradrina inopinata Hacker, 2004 Caradrina isfahana Hacker, 2004 Caradrina khorassana (Boursin, 1942) Caradrina panurgia (Boursin, 1939) Caradrina parthica Hacker, 2004 Caradrina phanosciera (Boursin, 1939) Caradrina poecila (Boursin, 1939) Caradrina pseudalbina (Boursin, 1942) Caradrina pulvis (Boursin, 1939) Caradrina sarhadica (Boursin, 1942) Caradrina stenoptera (Boursin, 1939) Caradrina zagrobia Hacker, 2004 Caradrina zandi Wiltshire, 1952 Cardepia halophila Hacker, 1998 Cardepia oleagina Hacker, 1998 Chersotis binaloudi Brandt, 1941 Chersotis cryptographa Varga & Gyulai, 2002 Chersotis hoppei Varga et al., 2013 Chersotis lehmanni Varga et al., 2013 Chersotis nitens Brandt, 1941 Chersotis sterilis (Brandt, 1938) Chersotis zaghros Gyulai & Varga, 2006 Chloantha elbursica (Boursin, 1968) Ctenoceratoda lupa (Christoph, 1893) Cucullia khorassana Brandt, 1941 Dasypolia mazandarana Benedek et al., 2014 Deltote iranica (Kotzch, 1940) Diadochia sacimima Shirvani & Ronkay, 2012 Dichagyris gyulaiivani Gyulai & Varga, 2002 Dichagyris haczi Ronkay & Gyulai, 2009 Dichagyris ilseae Stangelmaier & Fibiger, 2003 Dichagyris lupinus (Brandt, 1941) Dichagyris paisa (Brandt, 1938) Dichagyris taftana Brandt, 1941 Dichagyris zagroica Hacker & Ebert, 2002 Discalera discalis (Brandt, 1938) Drasteriodes leprosa (Brandt, 1938) Dryobotodes glaucus Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006 Dysmilichia gigantea Brandt, 1941 Eremohadena afzalipouri Shirvani, Sheykhnejad & Shoghali, 2012 Eremohadena toerpexa Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 79 80 LEPIDOPTERA IRANICA Euchalcia chalcophanes Dufay, 1963 Euchalcia hyrcaniae Dufay, 1963 Euchalcia incredibilis Hacker & Ebert, 2002 Euchalcia stilpna Dufay, 1969 Eulocastra bryophilioides Brandt, 1938 Euxoa abualisinai Varga & Gyulai, 2002 Euxoa adjemi Brandt, 1941 Euxoa aneucta Brandt, 1938 Euxoa dsheiron Brandt, 1938 Euxoa ebadhadiani Gyulai & Varga, 2002 Euxoa emamrezai Gyulai & Ronkay, 2006 Euxoa inclusa Corti, 1931 Euxoa mustelina (Christoph, 1877) Euxoa perierga Brandt, 1938 Euxoa shahabbasi Gyulai & Varga, 2002 Evisa reisseri Wiltshire, 1952 Frivaldszkyola elami (Ronkay, 2001) Gortyna golestanensis Fibiger & Zahiri, 2006 Griposia jahannamah (Fibiger et al., 2008) Hada persa (Alphéraky, 1897) Hadena cimelia (Brandt, 1938) Hadena drangiana Gyulai & Hacker, 2013 Hadena haczi Gyulai & Hacker, 2013 Hadena mediana Gyulai & Hacker, 2013 Hadena mesolampra (Brandt, 1938) Hadena montana (Brandt, 1941) Hadena phaeoscripta Gyulai & Hacker, 2013 Hadena pyrrhotatos Gyulai & Hacker, 2013 Hadena thecaphaga (Draudt, 1937) Hadena vulpecula (Brandt, 1938) Iranada venusta (Brandt, 1939) Iranada versicolor Brandt, 1939 Karmanica bandarabbassa Hacker & Eebert, 2002 Karmanica chosroes (Brandt, 1938) Karmanica cyros Hacker & Eebert, 2002 Karmanica magnifica Hacker & Eebert, 2002 Lasionhada draudti Wagner, 1936 Leptologia malaqai Esfandiari, Gyulai, Shahreyari-Nejad & Rabieh, 2022 Lophoterges mariannae Fibiger, 2000 Luperina farsiensis Fibiger & Zahiri, 2005 Margelana brunnea Fibiger, Zahiri & Kononenko, 2007 Masalia philbyi (Brandt, 1941) Metopoceras solituda (Brandt, 1938) Metopodicha leily Gyulai & Ronkay, 2008 Metopoplus boursini Brandt, 1938 Mniotype fabulosa Benedek & Ronkay, 2002 Oligia suleiman Rezbanyai-Reser, 1997 Oligia vandarban Rezbanyai-Reser, 1997 Omphalophana serrulata Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006 Opigena khorassana Varga et al., 2015 Orthosia habeleri Wiesmair, Shirvani & Ronkay, 2020 Oxytripia stephania Sutton, 1964 Ozarba tamsina (Brandt, 1947) Paracentropus cyrus (Brandt, 1938) Perigrapha mithras (Wiltshire, 1941) Perigrapha benedeki Ronkay et al., 2010 Photedes macroductus Gyulai, 2020 Polymixis alborsa Babics & Benedek, 2011 Polymixis dubiosa (Brandt, 1938) Polymixis fibrillata Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006 Polymixis hedygramma (Brandt, 1941) Polymixis pirkadatka Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006 Polymixis scrophulariae (Wiltshire, 1952) Polymixis zagrobia (Wiltshire, 1941) Pseudohadena magnitudinis Hacker & Ebert, 2002 Pseudohadena zahedana Shirvani & Ronkay, 2009 Pseudoligia lucifer Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006 Rezahiria marmota Ronkay, Ronkay & Gyulai, 2014 Rhodocatera rhodocharis (Brandt, 1938) Shargacucullia faucicola (Wiltshire, 1943) Shargacucullia kasyi (Wiltshire, 1976) Shargacucullia szeokekalmani Ronkay, Ronkay & Gyulai, 2011 Standfussiana benedeki Gyulai, 2021 Sympistis idioglypha Brandt, 1938 Synthymia dubiosa Brandt, 1938 Synthymia dubiosa Brandt, 1938 Thargelia attila Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006 Valeria wassalberti Gyulai, 2019 Valerietta forsteri Draudt, 1938 Victrix macrosema (Boursin, 1957) Victrix sassanica Wiltshire, 1961 Wiltshireola disrupta (Wiltshire, 1952) Xestia kecskerago Gyulai & Ronkay, 2006 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 81 RAJAEI ET AL.: GENERAL PATTERNS OF IRANIAN LEPIDOPTERA DĂnjĂŶĚĂƌĂŶ 'ŽůĞƐƚĂŶ ^ĞŵŶĂŶ <ŚŽƌĂƐĂŶͲĞ^ŚŽŵĂůŝ <ŚŽƌĂƐĂŶͲĞZĂnjĂǀŝ ,ĂŵĂĚĂŶ ĂŶũĂŶ YĂnjǀŝŶ ůďŽƌnj dĞŚƌĂŶ DĂƌŬĂnjŝ YŽŵ zĂnjĚ ƐĨĂŚĂŶ ŚĂŚĂƌDĂŚĂĂůͲŽͲĂŬŚƚŝĂƌŝ &ĂƌƐ <ŽŚŐŝůƵLJĞŚǀĂŽLJĞƌͲŚŵĂĚ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϴ ϭϮ Ϯ ϭ ϭϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϳ ϯ ϮϬ ϳϮ ϳϱ ϳ Ϯϵ ͲͲ ϭ ϲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ Ϯϴ ͲͲ Ϯϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ϯ ϭϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϯϵ ϳ ϱ ͲͲ ϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϰ ϭ ϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϯ ϯ Ϯϱ ϳϱ ϲϳ ϭϴ ϱϴ ͲͲ ϲ ϵ ϭ ϭ Ϯ ϵ ϰϳ ϰ ϰϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭϭϯ ͲͲ ϭ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϭϵ ϯ ϯϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ϳϬ ϭϮ ϭϵ ͲͲ ϭϴ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ϯ ͲͲ ϵ ϯ Ϯϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ Ϯϯ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯϯ ϱ Ϯϵ ϴϮ ϲϴ ϲϬ ϴϳ ͲͲ ϲ ϭϯ Ϯ ϭ ϯ ϭϵ ϭϰϲ ϭϯ ϭϬϳ ͲͲ ϭϬ ϯϮϱ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭϬ ͲͲ ϰ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϮϬ ϰ Ϯϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϲ ͲͲ ϳϬ ϭϲ ϭϬ ϱ ϭϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϲ ϭ ϭϳ ϱ ϰϱ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϳ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϮϬ ϱ Ϯϲ ϲϰ ϲϰ ϯϱ ϴϴ ͲͲ ϱ ϭϯ ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭϳ ϭϯϳ ϵ ϳϱ ͲͲ ϲ Ϯϭϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϮϬ ϭϭ ϯ ϯ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯϳ ͲͲ ϯ ϭϮ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯϭ ϱ Ϯϳ ϳϭ ϲϮ ϲϰ ϱϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϮ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϴ ϴϬ Ϯ ϯϵ ͲͲ Ϯ ϵϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϮ Ϯϯ ϰ ϯ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϭϮ Ϯ ϰϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϮϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯϯ ϱ Ϯϰ ϱϬ ϱϵ ϭϭ ϯϱ ͲͲ Ϯ ϴ Ϯ ϭ ϭ ϭϮ ϭϭϵ ϲ ϱϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϴϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϳ ϭ ϰ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯϬ Ϯϰ ϯ ϭ ϭϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϮ Ϯ Ϯϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϰ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϬ ϭ ϭ ϭϴ ϰ ϭϴ ϰϳ ϱϬ ϲϬ ϲϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϰ ϱϲ ϯ ϱϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϮϮϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϱ ϵ ϭϬ ϭ ϭϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϬ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϴ ϳ ϭϯ ϰϯ ϰϭ ϰϬ ϯϱ ϭ Ϯ ϰ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϴ ϯϲ ϰ Ϯϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϵϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϯ ϴ ϭϭ Ϯ ϭϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϵ ϱ Ϯϭ ϲϬ ϱϯ ϳ ϭϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ϯϮ ϰ ϭϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϴ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ϰ Ϯϱ ϱϴ ϱϯ ϲ ϭϭ ͲͲ ϭ ϵ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϳ ϭ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϮ ͲͲ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯϭ ϭϱ ϵ Ϯ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϮ ϰ ϰϬ ͲͲ ϰ ϭϬ ͲͲ ϴ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϯϭ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯϲ ϱ Ϯϳ ϳϬ ϲϲ ϭϮϮ ϵϵ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭϬ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϵ ϱϲ ϯ Ϯϳ ϭ ϭ ϭϱϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϵ ϭ ͲͲ ϰ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ ϵ ϯ ϭϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ϰ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ ϭ ϱϮ ϭϴ ϭϲ ϭ ϮϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϮ ϱ ͲͲ ϭϱ ϰ ϯϴ ͲͲ ϰ ϰϴ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϭ ϰ Ϯϳ ϱ Ϯϴ ϴϯ ϳϮ ϭϭϱ ϴϱ ͲͲ ϰ ϭϬ ϯ ϭ Ϯ Ϯϭ ϭϰϯ ϳ ϭϬϱ ϭ ϰ ϯϲϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϵ ϭϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϯ ϳ ϭϮ ϰϬ ϯϮ ϳ ϳ ͲͲ ϭ ϰ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϭϬ ϭϵ Ϯ ϭϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϰ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ϭ ϳ ϮϬ ϵ ϭϯ ϭϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϵ ͲͲ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳ ϭ ϱ ͲͲ ϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϰ ϭϯ Ϯϲ Ϯϭ ϭϯ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϰ ϴ ͲͲ ϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϲ Ϯϭ ϮϮ ϰ ϮϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ϭ ϭϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϴ ϳ Ϯϰ ϲϱ ϱϮ ϳ ϭϴ ͲͲ ϯ ϴ ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭϯ ϱϳ Ϯ ϯϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϱϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳ ϴ ϭϬ Ϯ ϭϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ϱ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϯ ϰ ϭϵ ϰϯ ϰϬ ϰ ϭϯ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϬ ϯϳ ϭ ϭϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϯ ͲͲ Ϯϰ ϭ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϰϲ Ϯϲ Ϯϯ ϱ ϮϮ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϯϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϯϮ ϴ ϱϲ ϭ Ϯ ϰϱ ϭ ϲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯϳ ϭ ϯ Ϯϴ ϳ Ϯϴ ϲϲ ϰϯ ϮϮϭ ϭϯϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϮϬ ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭϵ ϭϲϯ ϴ ϭϯϭ Ϯ ϭϮ ϯϱϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϭ ϭϭ ϭϱ ϭ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϲ ϱ ϭϲ ϰϲ ϯϴ ϱ ϭϯ ͲͲ ϭ ϴ ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭϭ ϰϮ Ϯ ϯϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϵϮ ^Ƶŵ ϲϳϵ ϳϰϲ ϲϯϭ ϰϰϯ ϱϰϯ ϰϰϭ ϲϬϲ ϭ͕Ϯϵϲ ϭ͕ϭϬϰ ϲϴϯ ϳϰϲ ϳϴϰ ϰϱϭ ϯϵϴ ϮϲϮ ϴϵϱ ϭ͕ϯϴϱ Ϯϱϭ ϭϳϰ ϭϳϵ ϲϭϴ ϯϭϬ ϭ͕ϲϮϱ ϰϬϬ Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Integrative-Systematics:-Stuttgart-Contributions-to-Natural-History on 18 May 2023 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use <ŚŽƌĂƐĂŶͲĞ:ŽŶƵďŝ 'ŝůĂŶ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳ ϭϰ ϭϴ ϭ ϭϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϭϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϲ ϳ Ϯϱ ϱϵ ϱϰ ϭϭ ϭϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ϭ ϭ ϭ ϴ ϯϳ Ϯ ϰϴ ϭ ϯ ϭϰϵ ^ŝƐƚĂŶͲŽͲĂůƵĐŚĞƐƚĂŶ ƌĚĂďŝů ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϭ ϭϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ϭϯ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϲ ϲ ϭϴ ϰϱ ϱϮ ϵ Ϯϰ ͲͲ Ϯ ϳ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϴ Ϯϲ ϱ ϰϱ ͲͲ ϵ ϵϳ <ĞƌŵĂŶ >ŽƌĞƐƚĂŶ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϭϭ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϵ ϭϲ ϳ ϭ ϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ϰ ϯϬ ͲͲ ϭ ϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϮϮ ϳ ϭϴ ϲϴ ϱϲ ϮϬ ϭϱ ͲͲ ϭ ϵ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϴ ϱϯ Ϯ ϱϲ ͲͲ ϲ ϭϯϳ ,ŽƌŵŽnjŐĂŶ <ĞƌŵĂŶƐŚĂŚ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϱ ϯ Ϯϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ Ϯϵ ϭϳ ϳ ϭ Ϯϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ϭϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯϭ ϱ Ϯϱ ϵϯ ϴϴ ϴ ϯϯ ϭ ϯ ϭϭ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϮ ϵϴ ϵ ϱϰ ϭ ϱ ϭϭϯ ƵƐŚĞŚƌ <ŽƌĚĞƐƚĂŶ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϮ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯϱ ϭϳ ϵ ͲͲ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳ ϰ ϮϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϮϮ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϮϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯϴ ϳ Ϯϱ ϵϴ ϴϲ ϭϰ ϰϭ ϭ Ϯ ϲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϲ ϲϵ ͲͲ ϰϮ ͲͲ Ϯ ϵϮ <ŚƵnjĞƐƚĂŶ njĞƌďĂŝũĂŶͲĞ^ŚĂƌŐŚŝ Ϭϭ͘D/ZKWdZ/'/ ϬϮ͘,W/>/ Ϭϯ͘EWd/h>/ Ϭϰ͘,>/K>/ Ϭϱ͘>/ Ϭϲ͘d/^,Z// Ϭϳ͘D^^// Ϭϴ͘W^z,/ Ϭϵ͘Z/KKdd/ ϭϬ͘d/E/ ϭϭ͘hh>dZ// ϭϮ͘'Z/>>Z// ϭϯ͘>>// ϭϰ͘,>/K/E/ ϭϱ͘>zKEd// ϭϲ͘Z'zZ^d,// ϭϳ͘zWKEKDhd/ ϭϴ͘zW^K>KW,/ ϭϵ͘W>hd>>/ ϮϬ͘'>zW,/WdZ/'/ Ϯϭ͘h^dzhZd// ϮϮ͘Kh'>^// Ϯϯ͘,KZhd/ Ϯϰ͘'>d// Ϯϱ͘dKZdZ// Ϯϲ͘K^^/ Ϯϳ͘^^// Ϯϴ͘Z,K/ Ϯϵ͘z'E/ ϯϬ͘>/DK/ ϯϭ͘W/WzZKW/ ϯϮ͘>/d,KZ/ ϯϯ͘hdK^d/,/ ϯϰ͘KKW,KZ/ ϯϱ͘>zWh^/ ϯϲ͘WZ^^Z// ϯϳ͘K^DKWdZ/'/ ϯϴ͘'>,// ϯϵ͘WdZK>KE,/ ϰϬ͘>,/^d/ ϰϭ͘K>KW,KZ/ ϰϮ͘dZ,Z/ ϰϯ͘^zd,Z// ϰϰ͘^dd,DKWK/ ϰϱ͘>^dK^/ ϰϲ͘DKDW,/ ϰϳ͘>h/d/ ϰϴ͘WdZKW,KZ/ ϰϵ͘ZWK^/E/ ϱϬ͘WZDE// ϱϭ͘,^WZ// ϱϮ͘WW/>/KE/ ϱϯ͘W/Z/ ϱϰ͘>zE/ ϱϱ͘EzDW,>/ ϱϲ͘WzZ>/ ϱϳ͘ZD/ ϱϴ͘/D>// ϱϵ͘ZWE/ ϲϬ͘>^/KDW/ ϲϭ͘Z,D/ ϲϮ͘KDz/ ϲϯ͘^dhZE// ϲϰ͘^W,/E'/ ϲϱ͘'KDdZ/ ϲϲ͘EKdKKEd/ ϲϳ͘Z/ ϲϴ͘hd>// ϲϵ͘EK>/ ϳϬ͘EKdh/ &ĂŵŝůLJ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱ Ϯ ϭϰ ϭϰ ϮϮ Ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱ ͲͲ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϵ ϭϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯ ͲͲ ϱ ϱ ϭϵ ϭ ͲͲ ϰ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϯ ϰ ϭϴ Ϯϱ Ϯϴ ϰϱ ϰϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ϲ ϯϱ ϭ ϱϳ ϭ ϰ ϴϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ϰ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ϰ ϭϵ ϭϲ ϭϱ Ϯϭ Ϯϵ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϵ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯϴ ϭ Ϯϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϯ ϱ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϭϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ϭ ͲͲ ϱ ϭϴ ϯϯ ͲͲ ϭ ϱϬ ͲͲ ϭϬ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϮϬ ͲͲ ϭ ϳ ϰ Ϯϭ Ϯϭ ϭϰ ϱϳ ϱϰ ͲͲ ϭ ϴ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ŚŽ ϳϴ ϭ ϳϮ ϭ ŚŽ ϭϮϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϯ Ϯ ϰ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϮ ϭϮ ϭϬ ϯ ϭϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ ϭ Ϯϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϲ ϭ ϱ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭϲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭϬ ϰ Ϯϯ ϯϵ Ϯϯ ϯϳ ϯϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϭϲ ϱϳ ϯ ϰϱ ͲͲ ϰ ϭϰϮ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭϬ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϵ ϭϳ ϭ ϭ ϰ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱ ϯ ϰϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ ϭ ϴ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϵ ͲͲ ϭ ϱ ϰ Ϯϱ Ϯϳ Ϯϱ ϭϰϭ ϵϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϭϭ ϴϲ ϭ ϵϴ ϭ ϵ ϭϲϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ Ϯ Ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ Ϯ ϭϭ Ϯϯ ϭϴ ϯ ϯ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ϴ ͲͲ ϰ ͲͲ ϭ ϵ ϭϬϯ ϰϲϮ ϮϲϮ ϲϲϭ ϱϵϭ ϴϮϳ ϭϬϰ /ůĂŵ njĞƌďĂŝũĂŶͲĞ'ŚĂƌďŝ Appendix 3. Numbers of recorded Lepidoptera species, per family, for each Iranian province. ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϯ ϭ ϭ