N AT U R A M O N T E N E G R I N A, P o d g o r i c a , 2 0 1 4 , 1 3 ( 1 ) : 7 - 2 8 0
PARASITIC FLATWORMS (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA, DIGENEA,
CESTODA) OF FISHES FROM THE ADRIATIC SEA
Branko M. RADUJKOVIĆ 1* and Danijela ŠUNDIĆ 1
1 University of Montenegro, Faculty of Sciences, George Washington Street bb, PoBox 5455 Podgorica,
Montenegro.
* Corresponding author: brradujkovic@yahoo.com
SYNOPSIS
Key words:
This monograph of Adriatic flatworms was generated based on
Monogenea,
all available published records, dating from the eighteenth, nineteenth
Digenea,
and the twentieth century to the most recently issued ones (2014.), as
Cestoda,
well as the original published or unpublished data, derived from our
fish hosts,
research. It contains 330 nominal species, from 188 genera and 65
Adriatic Sea.
families. The most numerous parasites described are Digeneans –
160 species (97 genera, 29 families), then Monogeneans – 106 (52
genera, 21 families) and Cestodes – 64 (39 genera, 15 families).
Twenty-nine species are new for the Adriatic Sea: 14 Monogeneans,
5 Digeneans and 10 Cestodes; one monogenean trematode is new for
the Mediterranean Sea. Some recently reported flatworm species (28)
were found in pisciculture facilities, however they correspond to the
parasite fauna from the wild host. The number of bony fish hosts
fauna parasitized is much higher (117 species), than cartilaginous
(26).
SINOPSIS
PARAZITSKI PLJOSNATI CRVI (PLATYHELMINTHES:
MONOGENEA, DIGENEA, CESTODA) RIBA JADRANSKOG MORA
Ključne riječi:
Ova monografija je nastala kompilacijom raspoloživih objavljenih
Monogenea,
podataka iz radova iz osamnaestog, devetnaestog, dvadesetog, i
Digenea,
prvih godina dvadesetprvog vijeka (do 2014. godine) i originalnih
Cestoda,
podataka,
riblji domaćini,
istraživanja pljosnatih crva, parazita riba Jadranskog mora. On sadrži
objavljenih
i
neobjavljenih,
proisteklih
iz
sopstvenih
Jadransko more.
330 validnih nominalnih vrsta, koje spadaju u 188 rodova i 65 familija.
Najviše ovdje opisanih parazita je iz podklase Digenea – 160 vrsta (iz
97 rodova i 29 familija), zatim klase Monogenea – 106 vrsta (iz 52
roda i 21 familije), dok ih je iz klase Cestoda najmanje – 64 (iz 39
rodova i 15 familija). Dvadeset i devet vrsta je novo za Jadransko
more: 14 monogenih trematoda, 5 digenih trematoda i 10 vrsta
pantljičara (cestoda); jedna monogena trematoda je nova vrsta za
Sredozemno more. Dvadeset i osam vrsta pljosnatih crva, utvrđenih u
sistemima za uzgoj morskih riba u novije vrijeme, su isti oni koji na
tim domaćinima žive i u slobodnoj sredini. Broj vrsta košljoriba, koje
su domaćini pljosnatim crvima, je znatno veći (117) nego što je to
slučaj sa rskavičavim ribama (26).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 14
MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................................... 15
Geographical position of Adriatic Sea ............................................................................. 15
Host names .................................................................................................................... 17
Parasite names ............................................................................................................... 17
Synonyms ....................................................................................................................... 17
Geographical distribution ................................................................................................ 17
RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 18
Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES Gegenbaur, 1859 ..................................................................... 18
Class MONOGENEA Carus, 1863 .......................................................................................... 18
Subclass MONOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912 ................................................................. 18
Order Capsalidea Lebedev, 1988 ........................................................................................... 18
Family Capsalidae Baird, 1853 ................................................................................... 18
Genus Ancyrocotyle Parona & Monticelli, 1903 ............................................. 18
Genus Benedenia Diesing, 1858 ................................................................... 18
Genus Capsala Bosc, 1811 ........................................................................... 19
Genus Encotyllabe Diesing, 1850 .................................................................. 20
Genus Tristoma Cuvier, 1817 ........................................................................ 20
Genus Trochopus Diesing, 1836 ................................................................... 20
Order Dactylogyridea Bychowsky, 1957 ................................................................................. 21
Family Amphibdellatidae Bychowsky, 1957 ................................................................ 21
Genus Amphibdella Chatin, 1874 .................................................................. 22
Genus Amphibdelloides Price, 1937 .............................................................. 22
Family Ancyrocephalidae Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1978 ............................................. 23
Genus Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 ..................................................... 23
Genus Paradiplectanotrema Gerasev, Gayevskaya & Kovaleva, 1987 ........... 26
Family Diplectanidae Monticelli, 1903 ........................................................................ 26
Genus Diplectanum Diesing, 1858................................................................. 26
Genus Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 ............................................... 28
Genus Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958 ............................................ 31
Genus Protolamellodiscus Oliver, 1969 ......................................................... 32
Family Fridericianellidae Gupta & Sachdeva, 1990 ..................................................... 32
Genus Calceostomella Palombi, 1943 ........................................................... 32
Family Tetraonchidae Bychowsky, 1937 ..................................................................... 33
Genus Ergenstrema Paperna, 1964............................................................... 33
Order Gyrodactylidea Bychowsky, 1937 ................................................................................. 33
Family Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864 ........................................................................ 33
Genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 ........................................................... 33
Family Udonellidae Taschenberg, 1879 ...................................................................... 35
Genus Udonella Johnston, 1835 .................................................................... 35
Order Monocotylidea Lebedev, 1988 ...................................................................................... 35
Family Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 .................................................................. 35
Genus Calicotyle Diesing, 1850 ..................................................................... 35
Genus Dasybatotrema Price, 1936 ................................................................ 36
Genus Heterocotyle Scott, 1904 .................................................................... 36
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Genus Merizocotyle Cerfontaine, 1894 .......................................................... 36
Genus Monocotyle Taschenberg, 1878 ......................................................... 37
Subclass POLYOPISTHOCOTYLEA Odhner, 1912 ................................................................ 37
Order Diclybothriidea Bychowsky, 1957.................................................................................. 37
Family Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 ............................................................................. 37
Genus Erpocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ............................................. 37
Genus Hexabothrium Nordmann, 1840 .......................................................... 37
Genus Rajonchocotyle Cerfontaine, 1899 ...................................................... 38
Order Mazocraeidea Bychowsky, 1957 ................................................................................... 39
Family Allodiscocotylidae Tripathi, 1959 ..................................................................... 39
Genus Vallisia Parona & Perugia, 1890 ......................................................... 39
Family Axinidae Unnithan, 1957 ................................................................................. 39
Genus Axine Abildgaard, 1794 ...................................................................... 39
Family Chauhaneidae Euzet & Trilles, 1960 ............................................................... 40
Genus Cotyloatlantica Bravo-Hollis, 1984 ...................................................... 40
Family Diclidophoridae Fuhrmann, 1928 .................................................................... 40
Genus Choricotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ............................................ 40
Genus Diclidophora Diesing, 1850 ................................................................ 40
Genus Diclidophoropsis Gallien, 1937 ........................................................... 42
Family Discocotylidae Price, 1936 .............................................................................. 42
Genus Anthocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ........................................... 42
Family Gastrocotylidae Price, 1943 ............................................................................ 42
Genus Gastrocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ......................................... 42
Genus Pseudaxine Parona & Perugia, 1890 .................................................. 43
Family Heteraxinidae Unnithan, 1957 ......................................................................... 43
Genus Heteraxine Yamaguti, 1938 ................................................................ 43
Family Hexostomatidae Price, 1936 ........................................................................... 43
Genus Hexostoma Rafinesque, 1815 ............................................................ 43
Family Mazocraeidae Price, 1936 .............................................................................. 44
Genus Grubea Diesing, 1858 ........................................................................ 44
Genus Kuhnia Sproston, 1945 ....................................................................... 44
Genus Taurimazocraes Mamaev, 1982 ......................................................... 45
Family Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 .................................................................. 45
Genus Aspinatrium Yamaguti, 1963 .............................................................. 45
Genus Atrispinum Maillard & Noisy, 1979 ...................................................... 46
Genus Bivagina Yamaguti, 1963 ................................................................... 47
Genus Metamicrocotyla Yamaguti, 1953........................................................ 47
Genus Microcotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 ........................................... 47
Genus Neobivagina Dillon & Hargis, 1965 ..................................................... 48
Genus Pagellicotyle Mamaev, 1984 ............................................................... 48
Genus Polylabris Euzet & Cauwet, 1967 ....................................................... 49
Genus Serranicotyle Maillard, Euzet & Silan, 1988 ........................................ 49
Genus Solostamenides Unnithan, 1971 ......................................................... 49
Genus Sparicotyle Mamaev, 1984 ................................................................. 50
Family Plectanocotylidae Monticelli, 1903 .................................................................. 50
Genus Plectanocotyle Diesing, 1850 ............................................................. 50
Class TREMATODA Rudolphi, 1808 ....................................................................................... 51
Subclass DIGENEA Carus, 1863 ........................................................................................... 51
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Order Diplostomida Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray & Littlewood, 2003 .......................................... 51
Superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886 ............................................................................. 51
Family Strigeidae Raillet, 1919 ................................................................................... 51
Genus Ichthyocotylurus Odening, 1969 ......................................................... 51
Superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles & Hassall, 1898 .......................................................... 52
Family Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912 .......................................................................... 52
Genus Cardicola Short, 1953 ........................................................................ 52
Order Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957 ........................................................................................... 52
Superfamily Allocreadioidea Looss, 1902 .............................................................................. 52
Family Acanthocolpidae Lühe, 1906 ........................................................................... 52
Genus Lepidauchen Nicoll, 1913 ................................................................... 52
Genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 ...................................................................... 53
Genus Stephanostomum Looss, 1899 ........................................................... 53
Family Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902 ............................................................................. 55
Genus Crepidostomum Braun, 1900 .............................................................. 55
Family Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925 ................................................................................ 56
Genus Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966 ........................................................... 56
Genus Bathycreadium Kabata, 1961 ............................................................. 57
Genus Cainocreadium Nicoll, 1909................................................................ 57
Genus Helicometra Odhner, 1902 ................................................................. 58
Genus Macvicaria Gibson & Bray, 1982 ........................................................ 59
Genus Opecoeloides Odhner, 1928 ............................................................... 62
Genus Pachycreadium Manter, 1954 ............................................................. 62
Genus Peracreadium Nicoll, 1909 ................................................................. 63
Genus Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 ................................................................. 64
Genus Podocotyle Dujardin, 1845 ................................................................. 64
Genus Poracanthium Dollfus, 1948 ............................................................... 65
Genus Pycnadenoides Yamaguti, 1938 ......................................................... 65
Genus Sphaerostoma Rudolphi, 1809 ........................................................... 65
Superfamily Azygioidea Lühe, 1909 ....................................................................................... 66
Family Azygiidae Lühe, 1909 ..................................................................................... 66
Genus Otodistomum Stafford, 1904 ............................................................... 66
Superfamily Bucephaloidea Poche, 1907 ............................................................................... 66
Family Bucephalidae Poche, 1907 ............................................................................. 67
Genus Bucephalus von Baer, 1827 ............................................................... 67
Genus Dolichoenterum Ozaki, 1924 .............................................................. 67
Genus Prosorhynchoides Dollfus, 1929 ......................................................... 68
Genus Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905 ............................................................. 68
Genus Rhipidocotyle Diesing, 1858 ............................................................... 69
Superfamily Gorgoderoidea Looss, 1901 ............................................................................... 70
Family Gorgoderidae Looss, 1899 .............................................................................. 70
Genus Phyllodistomum Braun, 1899 .............................................................. 70
Superfamily Gymnophalloidea Odhner, 1905 ......................................................................... 70
Family Fellodistomidae Nicoll, 1909 ........................................................................... 70
Genus Lomasoma Manter, 1935 .................................................................... 71
Genus Lintonium Stunkard & Nigrelli, 1930 ................................................... 71
Genus Monascus Looss, 1907 ...................................................................... 71
Genus Proctoeces Odhner, 1911................................................................... 72
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Genus Steringotrema Odhner, 1911 .............................................................. 73
Genus Tergestia Stossich, 1899 .................................................................... 73
Genus Theledera Linton, 1910 ...................................................................... 74
Superfamily Haploporoidea Nicoll, 1914 ................................................................................ 74
Family Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914 ............................................................................... 74
Genus Dicrogaster Looss, 1902 .................................................................... 75
Genus Haploporus Looss, 1902 .................................................................... 75
Genus Lecithobotrys Looss, 1902 ................................................................. 76
Genus Saccocoelium Looss, 1902 ................................................................. 76
Superfamily Haplosplanchnoidea Poche, 1926 ...................................................................... 78
Family Haplosplanchnidae Poche, 1926 ..................................................................... 78
Genus Haplosplanchnus Looss, 1902 ............................................................ 78
Superfamily Hemiuroidea Looss, 1899 .................................................................................. 78
Family Accacoeliidae Odhner, 1911 ........................................................................... 79
Genus Accacladocoelium Odhner, 1928 ........................................................ 79
Genus Accacoelium Monticelli, 1893 ............................................................. 79
Genus Odhnerium Yamaguti, 1934 ................................................................ 80
Genus Orophocotyle Looss, 1902 .................................................................. 80
Genus Rhynchopharynx Odhner, 1928 .......................................................... 80
Genus Tetrochetus Looss, 1912 .................................................................... 81
Family Derogenidae Nicoll, 1910 ............................................................................... 81
Genus Arnola Strand, 1942 ........................................................................... 81
Genus Derogenes Lühe, 1900 ....................................................................... 81
Family Didymozoidae Monticelli, 1888 ........................................................................ 83
Genus Didymocylindrus Ishii, 1935 ................................................................ 83
Genus Didymocystis Ariola, 1902 .................................................................. 84
Genus Didymosulcus Pozdnyakov, 1990 ....................................................... 85
Genus Didymozoon Taschenberg, 1879 ........................................................ 86
Genus Koellikerioides Yamaguti, 1970 .......................................................... 87
Genus Nemathobothrium van Beneden, 1858 ................................................ 88
Genus Oesophagocystis Yamaguti, 1970 ...................................................... 88
Genus Platocystis Yamaguti, 1938 ................................................................ 88
Genus Wedlia Cobbold, 1860 ........................................................................ 89
Family Hemiuridae Looss, 1899 ................................................................................. 89
Genus Aphanurus Looss, 1907 ..................................................................... 90
Genus Brachyphallus Odhner, 1905 .............................................................. 90
Genus Ectenurus Looss, 1907 ....................................................................... 91
Genus Hemiurus Rudolphi, 1809 ................................................................... 91
Genus Lecithochirium Lühe, 1901 ................................................................. 93
Genus Lecithocladium Lühe, 1901................................................................. 95
Genus Saturnius Manter, 1969 ...................................................................... 96
Genus Synaptobothrium von Linstow, 1904 ................................................... 96
Family Lecithasteridae Odhner, 1905 ......................................................................... 97
Genus Aponurus Looss, 1907 ....................................................................... 97
Genus Lecithaster Lühe, 1901 ....................................................................... 97
Family Ptychogonimidae Dollfus, 1937 ....................................................................... 99
Genus Ptychogonimus Lühe, 1900 ................................................................ 99
Family Sclerodistomidae Odhner, 1927 ...................................................................... 99
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Genus Kenmackenzia Gibson, 1983 .............................................................. 99
Genus Sclerodistomum Looss, 1912 ............................................................. 99
Superfamily Lepocreadioidea Odhner, 1905 ........................................................................ 100
Family Aephnidiogenidae Yamaguti, 1934 .............................................................. 100
Genus Holorchis Stossich, 1901 ................................................................. 100
Family Deropristidae Cable & Hunninen, 1942 ......................................................... 101
Genus Deropristis Odhner, 1902 ................................................................. 101
Family Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 .......................................................................... 102
Genus Robphilodollfusium Paggi & Orecchia, 1963 ..................................... 102
Family Lepidapedidae Yamaguti, 1958 ................................................................... 102
Genus Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904 ............................................................. 102
Family Lepocreadiidae Odhner, 1905 ....................................................................... 103
Genus Dihemistephanus Looss, 1901 ......................................................... 103
Genus Lepocreadium Stossich, 1904 .......................................................... 103
Genus Opechona Looss, 1907 .................................................................... 104
Genus Prodistomum Linton, 1910................................................................ 104
Superfamily Microphalloidea Ward, 1901 ............................................................................. 106
Family Faustulidae Poche, 1926 .............................................................................. 106
Genus Bacciger Nicoll, 1914 ....................................................................... 106
Genus Pronoprymna Poche, 1926 ............................................................... 107
Family Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902 ............................................................................ 108
Genus Diphterostomum Stossich, 1903 ....................................................... 108
Genus Lecithostaphylus Odhner, 1911 ........................................................ 109
Genus Zoogonoides Odhner, 1902 .............................................................. 110
Genus Zoogonus Looss, 1901 ..................................................................... 110
Superfamily Monorchioidea Odhner, 1911 ........................................................................... 110
Family Lissorchiidae Magath, 1917 .......................................................................... 110
Genus Asymphylodora Looss, 1899 ............................................................ 110
Family Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911 ......................................................................... 111
Genus Lasiotocus Looss, 1907 .................................................................... 111
Genus Monorchis Looss, 1902 .................................................................... 111
Genus Proctotrema Odhner, 1911 ............................................................... 112
Superfamily Opisthorchioidea Braun, 1901 .......................................................................... 112
Family Cryptogonimidae Ward, 1917 ........................................................................ 113
Genus Anisocladium Looss, 1902................................................................ 113
Genus Anisocoelium Lühe, 1900 ................................................................. 113
Genus Anoikostoma Stosssich, 1899........................................................... 114
Genus Aphallus Poche, 1926 ...................................................................... 114
Genus Metadena Linton, 1910 ..................................................................... 115
Genus Siphoderina Manter, 1934 ................................................................ 116
Genus Timoniella Rebecq, 1960 .................................................................. 116
Superfamily Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901 ............................................................. 117
Family Mesometridae Poche, 1926 .......................................................................... 117
Genus Centroderma Lühe, 1901 .................................................................. 117
Genus Elstia Bray, 1984 .............................................................................. 117
Genus Mesometra Lühe, 1901 .................................................................... 118
Genus Wardula Poch, 1926 ......................................................................... 118
Class CESTODA Rudolphi, 1808 .......................................................................................... 119
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Subclass EUCESTODA Southwell, 1930 .............................................................................. 119
Order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 ............................................ 119
Family Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849 ............................................................... 119
Genus Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 ....................................................... 119
Genus Clestobothrium Lühe, 1899 .............................................................. 121
Genus Ptychobothrium Lönnberg, 1889 ....................................................... 121
Family Echinophallidae Schumacher, 1914 .............................................................. 122
Genus Echinophallus Schumacher, 1914 .................................................... 122
Family Triaenophoridae Lönnberg, 1889 .................................................................. 122
Genus Amphicotyle Diesing, 1863 ............................................................... 122
Genus Anchistrocephalus Monticelli, 1890 .................................................. 122
Genus Eubothrium Nybelin, 1922 ................................................................ 123
Genus Fistulicola Lühe, 1899 ...................................................................... 124
Order Caryophyllidea van Beneden (in Olsson, 1893) .......................................................... 124
Family Caryophyllaeidae Leuckart, 1878 .................................................................. 124
Genus Caryophyllaeus Müller, 1787 ............................................................ 124
Order Diphyllidea van Beneden (in Carus, 1863) .................................................................. 125
Family Echinobothriidae Perrier, 1897 ...................................................................... 125
Genus Coronocestus Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013 ........ 125
Genus Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849 ................................................. 125
Order Diphyllobothriidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec, & Bray, 2008 ........................................... 126
Family Diphyllobothriidae Lühe, 1910 ....................................................................... 126
Genus Ligula Bloch, 1782 ........................................................................... 126
Order Proteocephalidea Mola, 1928 ..................................................................................... 127
Family Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911 .................................................................... 127
Genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858 ....................................................... 127
Order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009 ............................ 127
Family Rhinobothriidae Euzet, 1953 ......................................................................... 127
Genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 ............................................................ 127
Genus Echeneibothrium van Beneden, 1849 ............................................... 128
Genus Rhabdotobothrium Euzet, 1953 ........................................................ 128
Genus Scalithrium Ball, Neifar & Euzet, 2003 .............................................. 129
Genus Spongiobothrium Linton, 1889 .......................................................... 129
Order Tetraphyllidea Carus, 1863 ......................................................................................... 129
Family Onchobothriidae Braun, 1900 ....................................................................... 129
Genus Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1850 .............................................. 129
Genus Calliobothrium van Beneden, 1850 ................................................... 131
Genus Onchobothrium de Blainville, 1828 ................................................... 131
Genus Platybothrium Linton, 1890 ............................................................... 132
Family Phyllobothriidae Braun, 1900 ........................................................................ 132
Genus Anthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 .................................................. 132
Genus Ceratobothrium Monticelli, 1892 ....................................................... 133
Genus Crossobothrium Linton, 1889 ........................................................... 133
Genus Orygmatobothrium Diesing, 1863 ..................................................... 134
Genus Paraorygmatobothrium Ruhnke, 1994 .............................................. 134
Order Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863 ................................................................................... 134
Family Eutetrarhynchidae Guiart, 1927 .................................................................... 134
Genus Eutetrarhynchus Pintner, 1913 ......................................................... 134
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Genus Onchomegas Dollfus, 1929 .............................................................. 135
Genus Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946 ........................................................... 135
Family Gymnorhynchidae Dollfus, 1935 ................................................................... 135
Genus Gymnorhynchus Rudolphi, 1819 ....................................................... 135
Family Lacistorhynchidae Guiart, 1927 ..................................................................... 136
Genus Lacistorhynchus Pintner, 1913 ......................................................... 136
Family Sphyriocephalidae Pintner, 1913 .................................................................. 136
Genus Hepatoxylon Bosc, 1811 .................................................................. 136
Genus Sphyriocephalus Pintner, 1913 ......................................................... 137
Family Tentaculariidae Poche, 1926 ........................................................................ 137
Genus Kotorella Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989 ................................................. 137
Genus Nybelinia Poche, 1926 ..................................................................... 138
Trypanorhyncha incertae sedis .......................................................................................... 138
Genus Tetrarhynchus Rudolphi, 1809 ......................................................... 138
Tetraphyllidea incertae sedis ............................................................................................. 138
Genus Phyllobothrium van Beneden, 1850 .................................................. 138
Genus Scolex Müller, 1788 ......................................................................... 139
DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 166
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................ 169
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 169
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND VERNACULAR HOST NAMES ................................................ 244
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE ADRIATIC FLATWORMS ...................................... 250
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 278
SAŽETAK ............................................................................................................................. 279
INTRODUCTION
Scientific interest in parasites began in mid 18 th century, when the first papers of
importance related to investigation of Platyhelminthes from the Adriatic Sea were
published. Even Linnaeus, in his famous monograph from 1758, described some
parasites (Ligula intestinalis as Fasciola intestinalis). The most significant contributors
from that time (giving mostly descriptions of new species), are the following authors:
Pallas (1760; 1781), Müller (1776), Bloch (1779; 1782), Goeze (1782), Frölich (1789),
Abildgaard (1790; 1794), Rudolphi (1793), Bosc (1797).
During the 19 th century, the most intensive investigation of marine fish flatworms
occurred, both in the number of scientists involved and the number and quality of
papers published. The aforementioned studies were conducted either in the northern
part of the Adriatic Sea or in other seas surrounding Italy (Tyrrhenian Sea and
Ligurian Sea).
The first publications were published by Rudolphi (1801–1819), Leuckart (1820)
and Kuhn (1829) at the very beginning of the 19 th century. In the middle of the 19 th
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century, research of flatworms as well as other parasites began in other parts of the
Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic. The results of Diesing's studies, published between
1836 and 1858 and those of van Beneden (1849-1889) actuated further research of
parasitofauna of the Adriatic Sea. The particular importance of the work and papers of
the following authors should be emphasized: Molin (1856–1861), Parona and Parona
& Perugia (1887–1912), Carus (1863–1885), Taschenberg (1879), Monticelli (1891–
1907) and Sonsino (1890).
However, a special merit for the study of Adriatic flatworms belongs to Stossich,
who published a number of papers between 1882 and 1905. He described many new
species and created several faunistic lists of those parasites, based on available data
from the northern Adriatic.
In the transition from the 19 th into the 20 th century, a significant contribution to
the knowledge of parasitic flatworms was given by Looss (1900–1912) and Lühe
(1899–1909).
The research of flatworms continued in the second half of the 20 th century in the
Adriatic Sea: central part – Janiszewska (1953), Sey (1968; 1970), Hristovski &
Jardas (1983; 1991), Jardas & Hristovski (1985), southern part – Ergens (1960),
Radujković (1986; 2002), Radujković & Petrović (1986), Radujković & Euzet (1989),
Radujković & Raibaut (1989), Orecchia et al. (1988), Radujković et al. (1989),
Radujković & Šundić (2011), and northern part (Slovenia) – Paradižnik (1989; 1991a;
1991b; 1992; 2007), Paradižnik & Radujković (2007a; 2007b).
As of the beginning of 2000 till now, Mladineo (2004; 2005; 2006a; 2006b;
2006c), Mladineo & Tudor (2004), Mladineo et al. (2008; 2010; 2011) have contributed
to the knowledge of parasitic flatworms of the Adriatic Sea, investigating mainly
pisciculture species in its central part.
We have undertaken the preparation of this study to document the flatworm
fauna of the Adriatic Sea fish hosts and geographical distribution of species, taking
into consideration time when and location where they were described. This
monograph, based on virtually all relevant literature as of 1758 till 2014, attempts to
summarize the state of knowledge of the above mentioned parasites and to facilitate
contemporary and future research in biodiversity, zoogeography and ecology. Even
more, it attempts to contribute to the conservation, marine ichthyology, fishery and
aquaculture.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
G EOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF A DRIATIC S EA
Adriatic Sea extends northwest from 40°00' N to 45°47' N and southeast from
12°18' E to 19°34' E. It is bordered in the west by Italy and in the east by Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania. We divided the Adriatic
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Sea in 3 parts: northern (N), central (C) and southern (S), not for geomorphological
and biogeographical reasons only, but, primarily, because of different history of
parasitological investigations (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Geographical position of Adriatic Sea and its subdivisions: N–northern part;
C–central part; S–southern part; Ita–Italy; Slo–Slovenia; B&H–Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Mne–Montenegro; Alb– Al bania.
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H OST NAMES
Valid scientific fish names are presented in accordance with International Code
of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Taxonomic authorities, such as CLOFNAM,
FNAM, WoRMS, FishBase and NHM parasite database were consulted. We had
personal communication with Professor Jean-Pierre Quignard (University of
Montpellier, France) as well. As far as taxonomic position, affiliation and English
vernacular names are concerned, we adopted those proposed by mentioned
databases.
P ARASITE NAMES
The adopted valid names of parasites, in accordance with ICZN, are used. The
same taxonomic authorities, as mentioned above, were consulted for parasite species,
as well. Personal communications with Professor Louis Euzet (University of
Montpellier, France), Dr David Gibson (Natural History Museum, London, UK), Dr
Pavel Gerasev (Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg,
Russia), Dr Evgenija V. Dmitrieva (Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National
Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine) were established in order
to review certain parts of catalogue. The updated names of hosts and parasites
sometimes do not correspond to the outdated names of parasite references, especially
old ones. The names of hosts and parasites (but also the name of genera, families,
superfamilies and orders) are listed in alphabetical order.
S YNONYMS
Synonyms of
chronological order.
species,
genera,
families
and
superfamilies
are
listed
in
G EOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
The distribution records of the flatworm species are grouped, as shown below,
for the purpose of easier access: 1. Mediterranean: 1a. Northeast (Sea of Marmara,
Aegean Sea), 1b. Central (Ionian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ligurian Sea), 1c. Northwest
(Gulf of Lion, Balearic Sea, Alboran Sea), 1d. Southwest (Moroccan, Algerian and
Tunisian coast), 1e. Southeast (Libyan and Egypt coast), 1f. East (Israeli, Lebanon
and Syrian coast); 2. Black Sea; 3. Azov Sea; 4. East Atlantic; 5. West Atlantic; 6.
East Pacific; 7. West Pacific; 8. Indian Ocean.
For the parasites from the migratory hosts, distribution in European, Asian and
North American freshwaters was given, too.
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RESULTS
In this monograph, 330 species of monogeneans, digeneans and cestodes from
the Adriatic Sea fishes are presented, in their taxonomic context and alphabetical
order. The synonyms of species and higher categories (in chronological order),
findings in different parts of Adriatic Sea, geographical distribution other than Adriatic,
scientific and English vernacular names of hosts and site of infection are given, too.
The species, whose presence in the Adriatic was doubtful, are marked with "?".
Phylum Platyhelminthes Gegenbaur, 1859
Class Monogenea Carus, 1863
Subclass Monopisthocotylea Odhner, 1912
Order Capsalidea Lebedev, 1988
Family Capsalidae Baird, 1853
[Syn. Tristomidae Cobbold, 1877
Encotyllabidae Monticelli, 1888
Tristomatidae Gamble, 1896
Aviellidae Sproston, 1947]
Genus Ancyrocotyle Parona & Monticelli, 1903
Ancyrocotyle vallei (Parona & Perugia, 1895)
Synonym. Placunella vallei Parona & Perugia, 1895.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1895; Stossich 1898a; Palombi
1949; Egorova 1997; Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) (pilotfish).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Benedenia Diesing, 1858
[Syn. Phylline Oken, 1815 pro parte
Tristoma Cuvier, 1817 pro parte
Epibdella van Beneden, 1856 pro parte
Tristomum Taschenberg, 1878 pro parte
Parabenedenia Johnston, 1929]
Benedenia monticellii (Parona & Perugia, 1895)
Synonym. Epibdella monticellii Parona & Perugia, 1895; Phylline monticellii (Parona
& Perugia, 1895); Parabenedenia monticellii (Parona & Perugia, 1895).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1895; Stossich 1898a; Palombi
1949; Bona et al. 1995a).
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Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al.
1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Neifar 1995; Derbel 2004); East Mediterranean: Israeli
coast (Paperna & Overstreet 1981).
Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Capsala Bosc, 1811
[Syn. Phylline Oken, 1815
Tristoma Cuvier, 1817
Capsala Guiart, 1938
Tricotyla Guiart, 1938
Tristomella Guiart, 1938]
Capsala martinieri Bosc, 1811
Synonyms. Phyline diodontis Oken, 1817; Tristoma maculatum Rudolphi, 1819;
Phyline coccinea Schweigger, 1820; Tristoma cephala Risso, 1826; Capsala
sanguinea Blainville, 1828; Tristoma coccineum Rudolphi, 1819 (Bremser, 1824 in
Diesing, 1836); Capsala maculata (Rudolphi, 1819); Capsala cephala (Risso, 1826);
Tristoma rudolphianum Diesing, 1850; Capsala rudolphiana (Diesing, 1850); Tristoma
aculeatum Couch, 1868.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Peruggia 1889; Stossich 1891; 1896;
1898a; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković &
Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Grohmann in Diesing 1850;
Taschenberg 1878; Lang 1880; Monticelli 1893; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a),
Ligurian Sea (Risso 1826; Sonsino 1890; Parona & Peruggia 1889); Northeast Atlantic
(Llewellyn et al. 1984); Northwest Atlantic: Newfoundland, Canada (Bosc 1811).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
Site of infection. Skin.
Capsala pelamydis (Taschenberg, 1878)
Synonym. Tristomum pelamydis Taschenberg, 1878; Caballerocotyla pelamydis
(Taschenberg, 1878).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Parona & Perugia 1890; Setti 1899;
Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1892;
Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891a; Parona & Perugia
1892; Palombi 1949).
Host. Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) (Atlantic bonito).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
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Genus Encotyllabe Diesing, 1850
[Syn. Cheloniella van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Tristoma Taschenberg, 1878]
Encotyllabe vallei Monticelli, 1907
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Monticelli 1907; Palombi 1949), South (Radujković &
Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave
2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2012).
Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Sparus aurata
Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Tristoma Cuvier, 1817
Tristoma coccineum Cuvier, 1817
Synonyms. Tristoma papillosum Diesing, 1836; Capsala papillosa Nordman, in
Lamarck, 1840.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; 1898a; Setti 1899; Palombi 1949;
Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Palombi 1949; Mattiucci et al.
2005), Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Di Paolo et al. 1994; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi
et al. 1998b; Mattiucci et al. 2005; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891a;
Palombi 1949); Northeast Atlantic (Mattiucci et al. 2005).
Host. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 (swordfish), Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque,
1810 (Mediterranean spearfish).
Site of infection. Gill filaments, skin.
Tristoma integrum (Diesing, 1850)
Synonym. Tristomum rotundatum Goto, 1891.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Palombi 1949; Mattiucci et al.
2005), Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Di Paolo et al. 1994; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi
et al. 1998b; Mattiucci et al. 2005; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949);
Northeast Atlantic (Mattiucci et al. 2005).
Host. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 (swordfish).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Trochopus Diesing, 1836
[Syn. Tristoma Diesing, 1836
Placunella van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
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Tristomum Taschenberg, 1878
Acanthocotyle MacCallum, 1921
Megalocotyle Folda, 1928]
Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Massa 1906; Palombi 1949).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Unknown.
Site of infection. Unknown.
Trochopus pini (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)
Synonyms. Placunella pini van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Tristomum pini (van
Beneden & Hesse, 1863); Trochopus tubiporus Sonsino, 1891.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b), South (Radujković 1986;
Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona 1899a; 1912; Massa
1903; 1906; Mola 1928; Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James 1981; Orecchia et al. 1985;
Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891a; Parona 1899a;
Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1957; Kearn 1971);
Northeast Atlantic (Kearn 1971; Llewellyn et al. 1984), Belgian coast (van Beneden &
Hesse 1863).
Host. Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (red gurnard), Chelidonichthys
lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758) (tub gurnard).
Site of infection. Skin, gill filaments.
Trochopus tubiporus (Diesing, 1836)
Synonyms. Tristoma tubiporum Diesing, 1836; Capsala tubipora Nordmann, 1840;
Trochopus longipes Diesing, 1850.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Kolar in Diesing 1850; Stossich 1898a; Lorenz in
Parona & Perugia 1899; Palombi 1949).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Egorova 1994; Hansson 1998).
Host. Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758) (tub gurnard).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Order Dactylogyridea Bychowsky, 1957
Family Amphibdellatidae Bychowsky, 1957
Genus Amphibdella Chatin, 1874
[Syn. Tetraonchus Monticelli, 1890]
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Amphibdella paronaperugiae Llewellyn, 1960 – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Tetraonchus torpedinis (Chatin, 1874); Amphibdella torpedinis Chatin,
1874.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli 1889a; 1890a; 1891;
Ruszkowski 1931; Ulmer & James 1981; Orecchia et al. 1985; Mariniello et al. 1999;
Di Cave et al. 2003), Ligurian Sea (Perugia & Parona 1890a); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Raibaut 1962; Tazerouti et al. 2006); Southwest
Mediterranean: Moroccan coast of Alboran Sea (Euzet & Vala 1975).
Host. Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) (common torpedo).
Site of infection. Gill filaments, blood vassels, heart.
Amphibdella torpedinis Chatin, 1874
Synonym. Tetraonchus torpedinis (Chatin, 1874).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Bona et al. 1995a), South
(Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2013); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli 1889a; 1890a; 1891; Ruszkowski 1931;
Bona et al. 1995a; Mariniello et al. 1999; Di Cave et al. 2003; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian
Sea (Perugia & Parona 1890a); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet &
Raibaut 1962); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast of Alboran Sea (Euzet &
Vala 1975), Algerian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast
(Euzet & Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn 1960).
Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray).
Site of infection. Gill filaments, blood vessels, heart.
Genus Amphibdelloides Price, 1937
Amphibdelloides benhassinae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006 – new for Adriatic
Synonym. Amphibaelloides benhassinae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006
(misspelling).
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006),
Tunisian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006).
Host. Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) (common torpedo).
Site of infection. Gills, secondary lamellae.
Amphibdelloides kechemirae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006 – new for
Adriatic
Synonym. Amphibaelloides kechemirae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006 (misspelling).
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
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Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Tazerouti et al. 2006);
Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006).
Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray).
Site of infection. Gill filaments, secondary lamellae.
Amphibdelloides vallei Llewellyn, 1960
Synonyms. Amphibdella torpedinis Perugia & Parona, 1889; Amphibdelloides
macallumi Euzet, 1957.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Perugia & Parona 1889), South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Mariniello et al. 1999; Di Cave
et al. 2003); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1957; Tazerouti et al.
2006); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast of Alboran Sea (Euzet & Vala
1975), Algerian coast (Tazerouti et al. 2006); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet &
Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Family Ancyrocephalidae Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1978
Genus Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Ligophorus acuminatus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986;
Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella &
Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977).
Host. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus angustus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986;
Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1998a; Mariniello et al. 2004), Sardinia
(Merella & Garippa 2001; Mariniello et al. 2004); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of
Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
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Ligophorus chabaudi Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Mariniello et
al. 2004; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001; Mariniello et al. 2004);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977); Black Sea (Sarabeev
& Balbuena 2004).
Host. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (flathead grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus confusus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986;
Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al.
1998a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean:
Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977).
Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus heteronchus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Mariniello et al. 2004).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008),
Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet &
Suriano 1977).
Host. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus imitans Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Mariniello et al. 2004).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al.
1998a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean:
Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977).
Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus macrocolpos Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986;
Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004).
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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008),
Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet &
Suriano 1977).
Host. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus minimus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986;
Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Sardinia (Merella &
Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977).
Host. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus parvicirrus Euzet & Sanfilippo, 1983
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Mariniello et al. 2004).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et
al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion
(Euzet & Sanfilippo 1983).
Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus szidati Euzet & Suriano, 1977
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Petrović 1986;
Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello et al. 2004).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008),
Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet &
Suriano 1977); Black Sea (Sarabeev & Balbuena 2004).
Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Ligophorus vanbenedenii (Parona & Perugia, 1890)
Synonyms. Tetraonchus vanbenedenii Parona & Perugia, 1890; Haplocleidus
vanbenedenii Palombi, 1949; Haliotrema vanbenedenii (Parona & Perugia, 1890)
Young, 1968.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1890; Stossich 1896; Bona et al.
1995a), South (Palombi 1949; Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Mariniello
et al. 2004).
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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008),
Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa
2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Suriano 1977), Balearic Sea
(Sarabeev & Balbuena 2004); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna & Kohn
1964); Black Sea (Gussev 1955; Sarabeev & Balbuena 2004; Dmitrieva et al. 2012).
Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet), Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier,
1829) (boxlip mullet) – new host (this paper).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Paradiplectanotrema Gerasev, Gayevskaya & Kovaleva, 1987
Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave, Orecchia & Paggi, 1995
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Gerasev et al. 1995).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (red gurnard), Eutrigla gurnardus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (grey gurnard), Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758 (piper gurnard).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Family Diplectanidae Monticelli, 1903
Genus Diplectanum Diesing, 1858
[Syn. Dactylogyrus Wagener, 1857
Squamodiscus Yamaguti, 1934]
Diplectanum aculeatum Parona & Perugia, 1889
Synonyms. Diplectanum scienae Oliver, 1974 partim, nec van Beneden & Hesse,
1863; Diplectanum scienae Orecchia & Paggi, 1974, nec van Beneden & Hesse, 1863.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave
2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; Palombi 1949);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Oliver 1968; 1980), Catalonian Sea (Paling
1966); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Paperna & Lahav 1975; Oliver & Paperna
1984); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1974; 1980).
Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857)
Synonym. Dactylogirus aequans Wagener, 1857.
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; 1898a; Parona & Perugia 1890;
Borghesan et al. 1995; Bona et al. 1995a), Central (Mladineo 2004*; 2006a*; Mladineo
et al. 2010*), South (Palombi 1949; Adžić 2010*).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Tokşen 1999; Vagianou et al.
2006; Yardimci & Pekmezci 2012), Ionian Sea: Messolonghi (this paper); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Di Cave et al. 1991; Bona et al.
1995a; Paggi et al. 1998a; Monni & Cognetti-Varriale 2001; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian
Sea (Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Lambert & Maillard
1974); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Southeast
Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al.
1984).
Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Remark. * In aquaculture: Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass),
Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Sparus aurata Linnaeus,
1758 (gilthead seabream).
Diplectanum chabaudi Oliver, 1980
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Mediterranean: Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna
1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1980).
Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Diplectanum laubieri Lambert & Maillard, 1974 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Ionian Sea, Messolonghi (this paper);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Lambert & Maillard 1974), Spanish coast
(González-Lanza et al. 1991); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Oliver & Paperna
1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1980).
Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Diplectanum melvillei Oliver & Paperna, 1984
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984).
Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
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Diplectanum nagibinae Oliver & Paperna, 1984
Synonyms. Diplectanum similis Paperna & Lahav, 1975 nec Bychowsky, 1957;
Diplectanum simile Radujkovic, 1986 nec Bychowsky, 1957.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984).
Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Diplectanum sciaenae van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave
2008; Strona et al. 2010); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Oliver & Paperna 1984).
Host. Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) (meagre), Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758
(brown meagre).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Diplectanum simile Bychowsky, 1957
Synonym. Diplectanum aculeatum Paling, 1966, nec Parona & Perugia, 1889.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Strona et al. 2010); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Oliver 1968; 1970), Catalonian Sea (Paling 1966);
Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Paperna & Lahav 1975; Oliver & Paperna 1984);
Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957).
Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922
[Syn. Furnestinia Euzet & Audouin, 1959]
Lamellodiscus bidens Euzet, 1984
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Desdevises et al. 2002);
Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984).
Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Lamellodiscus echeneis (Wagener, 1857)
Synonyms. Dactylogyrus echeneis Wagener, 1857; Diplectanum echeneis (Wagener,
1857); Lamellodiscus echeneis (Wagener, 1857); Lamellodiscus sp. sensu Ulmer &
James, 1981; Furnestinia echeneis (Wagener, 1857) Desdevises (2001).
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1895; Stossich 1898a; Borghesan
et al. 1995), Central (Mladineo et al. 2010*), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković &
Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Tokşen 1999; Vagianou et al.
2006); Mediterranean (Wagener 1857); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer
& James 1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Cognetti-Varriale & Baroncelli 1998; Mariniello et
al. 2000; Di Cave 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Audouin
1959; Oliver 1969; 1987); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984);
Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Paperna & Lahav 1975); East Mediterranean: Red
Sea, Israeli coast, Eilat (Paperna et al. 1977); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987).
Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Remark. *Aquaculture.
Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo 2004*; 2006a*); South (Ergens 1960;
Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Strona et al. 2010); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1969; Oliver 1987; Desdevises et al.
2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2012), Tunisian
coast (Euzet 1984); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957; Dolgikh & Naidenova 1967);
Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987); Southeast Atlantic (Justine 1985).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Remark. * In aquaculture: Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass),
Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Sparus aurata Linnaeus,
1758 (gilthead seabream).
Lamellodiscus ergensi Euzet & Oliver, 1966
Synonym. Lamellodiscus pagrosomi Ergens, 1960 nec Murray, 1931.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Ergens 1960; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Strona et al. 2010); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1966; Oliver 1969; 1987; Desdevises et
al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Amine & Euzet 2005), Tunisian
coast (Euzet 1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987); Southeast Atlantic (Justine
1985).
Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Diplodus vulgaris
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
Lamellodiscus erythrini Euzet & Oliver, 1967
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al.
1998b; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1967; Oliver 1969; Desdevises et al.
2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010); Northeast
Atlantic (Oliver 1987).
Host. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Lamellodiscus flagellatus Boudaya, Neifar & Euzet, 2009 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Boudaya et al. 2009); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Boudaya et al. 2009).
Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Lamellodiscus fraternus Bychowsky, 1957
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Strona et al. 2010); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1966; Oliver 1969; Desdevises et al.
2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Amine et al. 2006; Kaouachi et al.
2012), Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Lamellodiscus hilli Euzet, 1984
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1998a);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984).
Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Lamellodiscus ignoratus Palombi, 1943
Synonym. Diplectanum echeneis Parona & Perugia, 1889, nec Wagener, 1857.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1889; 1890; Stossich 1898a),
South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Tokşen et
al. 2003); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1943a; Ulmer & James
1981; Merella et al. 2005; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949); Northwest
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Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1966; Oliver 1969; 1987; Desdevises et
al. 2002), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman 1973); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian
coast (Amine et al. 2006; Kaouachi et al. 2012), Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna & Kohn 1964); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987);
Southeast Atlantic (Justine 1985).
Host. Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded
seabream), Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Lithognathus
mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras), Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead
seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Lamellodiscus mormyri Euzet & Oliver, 1967
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1967; Oliver
1969; Desdevises et al. 2002); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet
1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987).
Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Lamellodiscus verberis Euzet & Oliver, 1967
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1967; Oliver
1969; Desdevises et al. 2002), Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet
1984); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1987).
Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958
Pseudorhabdosynochus beverleyburtonae (Oliver, 1984)
Synonyms. Diplectanum americanum Euzet & Oliver, 1965, nec Price, 1937;
Cycloplectanum americanum Oliver, 1968 partim, nec Price, 1937; Cycloplectanum
beverleyburtonae Oliver, 1984.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981; Azzurro
et al. 2002); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1965b; Oliver
1968; 1970; 1984; 1987).
Host. Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (dusky grouper).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
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Pseudorhabdosynochus riouxi (Oliver, 1986)
Synonym. Cycloplectanum riouxi Oliver, 1986.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea, Naples (Azzurro et al. 2002);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Oliver 1986); Northeast Atlantic (Oliver 1986).
Host. Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (dusky grouper).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Protolamellodiscus Oliver, 1969
Protolamellodiscus raibauti Oliver & Radujkovic, 1987
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Oliver & Radujkovic 1987;
Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Oliver & Radujkovic 1987).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Protolamellodiscus serranelli (Euzet & Oliver, 1965)
Synonyms. Lamellodiscus serranelli Euzet & Oliver, 1965; Calydiscoides serranelli
(Euzet & Oliver, 1965).
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Mariniello et al. 1999; Strona et
al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Oliver 1965a; Oliver 1969);
Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Euzet 1984).
Host. Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (comber).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Family Fridericianellidae Gupta & Sachdeva, 1990
Genus Calceostomella Palombi, 1943
[Syn. Calceostoma van Beneden, 1852]
Calceostomella inermis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)
Synonym. Calceostoma inerme Parona & Perugia, 1889.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b;
Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; Sonsino
1890; Palombi 1943b; 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf
of Tunis (Euzet & Ktari 1970; 1973); Black Sea (Wlassenko 1931; Bychowsky 1957).
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Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum), Sciaena umbra
1758 (brown meagre).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Linnaeus,
Family Tetraonchidae Bychowsky, 1937
Genus Ergenstrema Paperna, 1964
Ergenstrema labrosi Anderson, 1981
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northeast
Atlantic (Anderson 1981; Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments, gill rakers.
Ergenstrema mugilis Paperna, 1964
Synonym. Dactylogyroidea sp. Ergens, 1960.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Ergens 1960; Radujković 1986; Radujković &
Petrović 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a), Sardinia
(Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Lambert &
Sanfilippo 1977); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna 1964a).
Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill rakers.
Order Gyrodactylidea Bychowsky, 1937
Family Gyrodactylidae Cobbold, 1864
[Syn. Amphibdellidae Carus, 1885]
Genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832
Gyrodactylus anguillae Ergens, 1960
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Kennedy & Di Cave 1998), South (Ergens 1960).
Distribution. European freshwaters: Sweeden: river Morup, Falkenberg, Halland
(Malmberg 1970), Russia: Kalininskaya (Gusev 1985), Italy: river Tibar (Orecchia et
al. 1987), Denmark: Isefjord (Køie 1988), United Kingdom: river Exe catchment, river
Alun (Kennedy & Di Cave 1998); Northwest Mediterranean: coast of Spain (Grano–
Maldonado et al. 2011).
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Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. Gills.
Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Gyrodactylus arcuatus Bychowsky, 1933
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Huyse et al. 2006).
Distribution. Black Sea (Özer et al. 2004; Gibson & Bray 2012); Azov Sea
(Bychowsky & Poljansky 1953); Northeast Atlantic: North Sea, Skkagerak (Rokicki &
Strömberg 1995), Belgian coast-Belgian exclusive economic zone (Volckaert et al.
2001), coast of Sweden (Huyse et al. 2004); Baltic Sea: Poland-Polish exclusive
economic zone (Kedra 2010); European inland waters (Bray 2001).
Host. Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841) (Adriatic dwarf goby).
Site of infection. Gills.
Gyrodactylus branchialis Huyse, Malmberg & Volckaert, 2004
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Huyse et al. 2006).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Vaccarès lagoon, Sète (Huyse et al. 2006);
Northeast Atlantic: North Sea, Ostend (Huyse et al. 2004; 2006).
Host. Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) (marbled goby).
Site of infection. Gills.
Gyrodactylus longipes Paladini, Hansen, Fioravanti & Shinn, 2011
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Paladini et al. 2011).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paladini et al. 2011).
Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).
Site of infection. Principally on the gills; occasionally on the skin of farmed juvenile
gilthead seabream.
Gyrodactylus orecchiae Paladini, Cable, Fioravanti, Faria, Di Cave & Shinn, 2009
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Paladini et al. 2009; 2011), South (Paladini et al.
2009; 2011).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paladini et al. 2011).
Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).
Site of infection. Skin, fins, eyes and gill filaments.
Gyrodactylus ostendicus Huyse & Malmberg, 2004
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Huyse et al. 2006).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Vaccarès lagoon (Huyse et al. 2006);
Northeast Atlantic: North Sea, Ostend (Huyse & Malmberg 2004; Huyse et al. 2006).
Host. Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841) (Adriatic dwarf goby), Pomatoschistus
marmoratus (Risso, 1810) (marbled goby).
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Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Family Udonellidae Taschenberg, 1879
Genus Udonella Johnston, 1835
Udonella lupi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863).
Host. Caligus minimus Otto, 1821 in Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European
seabass).
Site of infection. On the body surface and egg sacs of copepod parasites.
Order Monocotylidea Lebedev, 1988
Family Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879
Genus Calicotyle Diesing, 1850
Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Palombi 1949); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Zschokke 1887; Basile 1909; Palombi 1949; Ulmer &
James 1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave et al. 2003; Di Cave 2008); Northeast
Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Llewellyn et al. 1984); West Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Chisholm et
al. 1997).
Host. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue skate), Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
(thornback ray), Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 (brown ray), Rostroraja alba
(Lacepède, 1803) (white skate).
Site of infection. Cloaca.
Calicotyle stossichi Braun, 1899
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Braun 1899; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a;
Chisholm et al. 1997).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Di Cave 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Williams 1960); West Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico
(Chisholm et al. 1997).
Host. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound).
Site of infection. Rectal gland.
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Genus Dasybatotrema Price, 1936
Dasybatotrema dasybatis (MacCallum, 1916) – new for Adriatic
Synonym. Monocotyle dasybatis MacCallum, 1916.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Northwest Atlantic (MacCallum 1916).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Gills.
Genus Heterocotyle Scott, 1904
[Syn. Trionchus MacCallum, 1916
Monocotyloides Johnston, 1934
Diploheterocotyla Yamaguti, 1965]
Heterocotyle pastinacae Scott, 1904 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981);
Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Neifar et al. 1998); Northeast Atlantic (Scott
1904).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Heterocotyle scotti Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Neifar et al. 1998).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Gills.
Heterocotyle similis Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Neifar et al. 1998).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Gills.
Genus Merizocotyle Cerfontaine, 1894
Merizocotyle concinna (Scott, 1904) Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995
Synonym. Thaumatocotyle concinna Scott, 1904.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Scott 1904).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
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Site of infection. Nasal cavity.
Genus Monocotyle Taschenberg, 1878
Monocotyle myliobatis Taschenberg, 1878
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1890; Stossich 1898a; Palombi
1949; Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Taschenberg 1878; Palombi
1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891a).
Host. Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) (common eagle ray).
Site of infection. Gills.
Subclass Polyopisthocotylea Odhner, 1912
Order Diclybothriidea Bychowsky, 1957
Family Hexabothriidae Price, 1942
Genus Erpocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
[Syn. Neoerpocotyle Price, 1942 ]
Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Synonyms. Polystomum appendiculatum (Kuhn, 1829); Onchocotyle emarginata
(Olsson, 1876); Squalonchocotyle vulgaris Cerfontaine, 1899.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Thaer 1850; Stossich 1882).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Taschenberg 1879; Zschokke
1887; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1890); Northeast
Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984; Vassiliades 1985).
Host. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark), Heptranchias perlo
(Bonnaterre, 1788) (sharpnose sevengill shark), Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre,
1788) (bluntnose sixgill shark), Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smoothhound), Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound), Myliobatis aquila
(Linnaeus, 1758) (common eagle ray), Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (smallspotted catshark)
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Hexabothrium Nordmann, 1840
[Syn. Onchocotyle Diesing, 1850
Acanthocotyle Cerfontaine, 1899]
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Hexabothrium appendiculatum (Kuhn, 1829)
Synonyms. Polystoma appendiculata Kuhn, 1829; Acanthoncotyle appendiculatum
(Kuhn, 1829); Hexabothrium canicula (Cerfontaine, 1899); Onchocotyle canicula
(Cerfontaine, 1899).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Palombi 1949), South (Radujković
1986; (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Thyrrhenian Sea (Guberlet 1933; Ulmer & James
1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave et al. 2003; Di Cave 2008),
Ligurian Sea (Orrechia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet &
Maillard 1974); Northeast Atlantic (Cerfontaine 1899; Price 1942; Coupland 1962;
Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Hexabothrium canicula (Cerfontaine, 1899)
Synonyms.
Onchocotyle
appendiculatum
(Kuhn)
of
Stossich,
1877;
Acanthonchocotyle canicula Cerfontaine, 1899.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; 1898a; Palombi 1949).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Thyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Cerfontaine 1899); Northeast Atlantic (Price 1942;
Coupland 1962).
Host. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark).
Site of infection. Gills.
Genus Rajonchocotyle Cerfontaine, 1899
Rajonchocotyle emarginata (Olsson, 1876)
Synonymns. Onchocotyle emarginata Olsson, 1876; Rajonchocotyloides emarginata
(Olsson, 1876); Rajonchocotyle clavata Bracey in Sproston, 1946.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981; Di Cave
et al. 2003); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Maillard 1974); Northeast
Atlantic (Olsson 1876; Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Rajonchocotyle prenanti (St. Remy, 1890)
Synonyms. Onchocotyle borealis Stossich, 1885 nec van Beneden, 1853;
Onchocotyle prenanti St. Remy, 1890.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a).
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Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Di Cave et al. 2003; Di Cave
2008).
Host. Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) (longnosed skate), Raja clavata Linnaeus,
1758 (thornback ray).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Order Mazocraeidea Bychowsky, 1957
Family Allodiscocotylidae Tripathi, 1959
Genus Vallisia Parona & Perugia, 1890
Vallisia striata Parona & Perugia, 1890
Synonym. Octocotyle arcuata Sonsino, 1890.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890a; Parona & Perugia 1890; Sonsino
1891b; Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Thyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al.
1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Sonsino 1891b; Palombi 1949).
Host. Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758) (leerfish).
Site of infection. Gills.
Family Axinidae Unnithan, 1957
Genus Axine Abildgaard, 1794
[Syn. Cestracolpa Meserve, 1938]
Axine belones Abildgaard, 1794
Synonyms. Heteracanthus pedatus Diesing, 1836; Heteracanthus sagittatus Diesing,
1836; Axine platyura Creplin, 1839; Axine orphi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890a; 1898a; Palombi 1949; Bona et al.
1995a), South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Öktener 2005); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James 1981; Bona et al.
1995a; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona 1902; Palombi 1949);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1955), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman
1973); Black Sea (Roman-Chiriac 1960); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden 1856; Scott
1911; Nicoll 1914; Llewellyn 1956; Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
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Family Chauhaneidae Euzet & Trilles, 1960
Genus Cotyloatlantica Bravo-Hollis, 1984
[Syn. Chauhanea Ramalingam, 1953]
Cotyloatlantica mediterranea (Euzet & Trilles, 1960)
Synonym. Chauhanea mediterranea Euzet & Trilles, 1960; Pseudochauhanea
mediterranea (Euzet & Trilles, 1960) Lebedev, 1969.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Trilles 1960).
Host. Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758) (European barracuda).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Family Diclidophoridae Fuhrmann, 1928
[Syn. Megaloncidae Yamaguti, 1958]
Genus Choricotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
[Syn. Cyclocotyla Otto, 1821]
Choricotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Synonyms. Octobothrium chrysophryi Taschenberg, 1879; Choricotyle pagelli
(Gallien, 1937); Cyclocotyla chrysophryi (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) Price, 1943.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
2000a; 2013); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001), Corsica
(Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al.
2010); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863; Gallien 1937; Llewellyn 1941;
Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream), Pagellus acarne (Risso,
1827) (axillary seabream), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Diclidophora Diesing, 1850
[Syn. Octodactylus Dalyell, 1853
Dactycotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Dactylocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Dacticotile Parona & Perugia, 1890 (emend.)
Diclidophoroides Price, 1943]
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Diclidophora bellones (Otto, 1823)
Synonyms. Octobothrium bellones (Otto, 1821); Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823;
Octobothrium merlangi (Kuhn, 1829); Octocotyle merlangi (Kuhn, 1829); Octobothrium
smaris (Ijima, 1884); Diclidophora squillarum (Parona & Perugia, 1889); Mesocotyle
squillarum Parona & Perugia, 1889; Octobothrium squillarum (Parona & Perugia,
1889); Dactylocotyle squillarum (Parona & Perugia, 1889); Cyclobothrium charcoti
Dollfus, 1922.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949), South (Radujković
1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 1998a; Solak et al.
2007); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; 1890; Palombi
1949; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Mariniello et al.
1999; Stoch 2003; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Taschenberg 1879; Monticelli 1890b;
Goto 1894; Palombi 1943c; 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean:
Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Trilles 1961; Trilles 1968), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al.
2010), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman 1973), Monaco (Dollfus 1922); Northeast Atlantic
(Nicoll 1914).
Host. Emetha audouini (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) in Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
(picarel).
Site of infection. On the surface of isopod parasite in buccal cavity of fish.
Diclidophora minor (Olsson, 1876)
Synonym. Octobothrium minus Olsson, 1876.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b),
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave
2008), Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan
coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975);
Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) (blue whiting).
Site of infection. Gills.
Diclidophora phycidis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)
Synonym. Dactylocotyle phycidis Parona & Perugia, 1889).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al.
1998b; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978);
Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East Atlantic:
Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (poor cod).
Site of infection. Gills.
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Genus Diclidophoropsis Gallien, 1937
Diclidophoropsis taschenbergii (Parona & Perugia, 1889) – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Choricotyle taschenbergi Parona & Perugia, 1889; Octobothrium
taschenbergi (Parona & Perugia) Braun, 1890; Dactylocotyle (Choricotyle)
taschenbergi (Parona & Perugia, 1892).
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave
2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949).
Host. Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream).
Site of infection. Gills.
Family Discocotylidae Price, 1936
[Syn. Anthocotylidae Bychowsky, 1957
Bicotylophoridae Amato, 1994]
Genus Anthocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Anthocotyle merluccii (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)
Synonym. Anthocotyle merlucii americanum McCallum, 1919.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b; Parukhin 1989), South
(Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995a), Aegean Sea,
Saronikos Bay (Papoutsoglou 1976), Gökçeada (Akmirza 2013); Central
Mediterranean: Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Sonsino 1890; Palombi 1949;
Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bastide-Guillame 1986); Southwest
Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast
(Euzet & Vala 1975) Northeast Atlantic: Belgium (van Beneden & Hesse 1863;
Llewellyn et al. 1984), French coast (Cerfontaine 1895), Aberdeen (Scott 1901), Irland
(Rees & Llewellyn 1941); Southeast Atlantic (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northwest Atlantic:
Canada (Stafford 1904), Woods Hole (McCallum 1916; Linton 1940).
Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Family Gastrocotylidae Price, 1943
Genus Gastrocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Gastrocotyle trachuri van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Synonym. Gastrocotyle japonica Ishii & Sawada, 1938.
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Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al.
1998b; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890;
Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion
(Jovelin & Justine 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala
1975); East Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northeast Atlantic
(Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Pseudaxine Parona & Perugia, 1890
Pseudaxine trachuri Parona & Perugia, 1890
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paggi et al. 1998b), South (Radujković 1986;
Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 1998b; 2013); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008; Strona et al. 2010),
Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001), Balearic Sea
(Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman 1973); Northeast Atlantic
(Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Family Heteraxinidae Unnithan, 1957
[Syn. Cemocotylidae Yamaguti, 1963]
Genus Heteraxine Yamaguti, 1938
Heteraxine seriolae (Ishii, 1936) – new for Adriatic
Synonym. Axine seriolae Ishii, 1936.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Euzet et al. 1993).
Host. Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) (greater amberjack).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Family Hexostomatidae Price, 1936
Genus Hexostoma Rafinesque, 1815
[Syn. Hexacotyle Blainville, 1828
Plagiopeltis Diesing, 1850]
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Hexostoma thynni (Delaroche, 1811)
Synonyms. Hexacotyle thynni Delaroche, 1811; Plagiopeltis duplicata Diesing, 1850;
Hexostoma euthynni Meserve, 1938; Hexostoma auxisi Palombi, 1943.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Monticelli 1890b; Palombi 1949).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James
1981; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1943d; 1949),
Sardinia Sea (Palombi 1949).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Gills.
Family Mazocraeidae Price, 1936
Genus Grubea Diesing, 1858
[Syn. Pleurocotyle Gervais & van Beneden, 1859
Pleurocotylus Gervais & van Beneden, 1859]
Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858 – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Octobothrium scombri Grube, 1855; Pleurocotyle scombri van Beneden &
Hesse, 1863; Grubea scombri van Beneden & Hesse, 1864.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b;
Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949; Orrechia & Paggi 1978); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mollaret et al. 2000; Jovelin & Justine 2001); Northeast
Atlantic (Rego et al. 1985; Rohde 1987); Northwest Atlantic (Jessen 1975); Southeast
Atlantic (Solonchenko 1968); Southwest Atlantic (Rohde 1987); Southeast Pacific
(Rohde 1987); Indian Ocean (Mamaev 1982).
Host. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel).
Site of infection. Gills.
Genus Kuhnia Sproston, 1945
[Syn. Mazocraes Hermann, 1782, partim
Octobothrium Leuckart, 1827, partim
Octostoma Kuhn, 1829, partim, preoccupied
Octocotyle Diesing, 1850, partim
Octoplectanum Diesing, 1858, partim]
Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn, 1829)
Synonyms. Octostoma scombri Kuhn, 1829; Mazocraes scombri (Kuhn, 1829);
Octocotyle truncata Diesing, 1850; Octobothrium scombri (Kuhn, 1829) Nordmann,
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1852; Octoplectanum trunvatum (Diesing, 1850) Diesing, 1858; Octocotyle scombri
(Kuhn, 1829) van Beneden & Hesse, 1864.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1892; 1898a; Palombi 1949), South (this
paper).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 1997; 2013); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Di Cave 2008),
Ligurian Sea (Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mollaret et al.
2000); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et al. 1984); Northwest Atlantic (Brunel et al.
1998); Southwest Pacific: Australia, New Zealand (Hine et al. 2009).
Host. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus
Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel).
Site of infection. Gills.
Kuhnia sprostonae Price, 1961 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rohde & Watson 1985);
Southwest Mediterranean: Morocco (Rohde & Watson 1985), Gulf of Tunis (Rohde &
Watson 1985); Northeast Atlantic (Rohde & Watson 1985; Bray 2001); Southwest
Atlantic (Rohde & Watson 1985); Southwest Pacific, Australia (Rohde 1989; Hayward
et al. 1998).
Host. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus
Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel).
Site of infection. Gills.
Genus Taurimazocraes Mamaev, 1982
Taurimazocraes markevitschi (Nikolaeva & Pogorel’tseva, 1965) — new for
Mediterranean and Adriatic
Synonym. Pseudanthocotyle markewitschi Nikolaeva & Pogorel’tseva, 1965.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Black Sea (Nikolaeva & Pogorel’tseva 1965).
Host. Engraulis encrasicholus (Linnaeus, 1758) (European anchovy).
Site of infection. Gills.
Family Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879
Genus Aspinatrium Yamaguti, 1963
Aspinatrium trachini (Parona & Perugia, 1889)
Synonyms. Microcotyle trachini Parona & Perugia, 1889; Microcotyle draconis Briot,
1904.
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
2004; 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave
2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; Palombi 1949); Northwest
Mediterranean: Alboran Sea (López-Roman 1973; López-Roman & Guevara Pozo
1973); Northeast Atlantic (Briot 1904; Nicoll 1914; Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758 (greater weever), Trachinus radiatus Cuvier,
1829 (starry weever) – new host.
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Atrispinum Maillard & Noisy, 1979
Atrispinum acarne Maillard & Noisy, 1979
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2013); Central
Mediterranean: Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf
of Lion (Maillard & Noisy 1979; Jovelin & Justine 2001); Southwest Mediterranean:
Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010).
Host. Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1827) (axillary seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Atrispinum salpae (Parona & Perugia, 1890)
Synonyms. Microcotyle salpae Parona & Perugia, 1890; Microcotyle sargi Parona &
Perugia, 1889; Vulvostella sargi (Parona & Perugia, 1899).
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2013); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998a; Paggi et al.
1998b; Mariniello et al. 1999; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890;
Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet
& Maillard 1973; Noisy 1978), Alboran Sea (López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973);
Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010), Gulf of Tunis (Ktari
1969).
Host. Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) (salema).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Atrispinum seminalis (Euzet & Maillard, 1973)
Synonym. Atriaster seminalis Euzet & Maillard, 1973.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2013); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea (Paggi
& Orecchia 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Mailard 1973;
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Noisy 1978), Corsica (Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast
(Kaouachi et al. 2012).
Host. Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded
seabream), Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream) – new host.
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Bivagina Yamaguti, 1963
Bivagina alcedinis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)
Synonym. Microcotyle alcedinis Parona & Perugia, 1889.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a), Ligurian Sea
(Parona & Perugia 1889; 1890; Palombi 1949); Northwest Mediterranean: Alboran Sea
(López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973).
Host. Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Metamicrocotyla Yamaguti, 1953
Metamicrocotyla cephalus (Azim, 1939)
Synonym. Microcotyle cephalus Azim, 1939.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea
(Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Combes
1969); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt coast (Azim 1939).
Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet), Mugil cephalus Linnaeus,
1758 (flathead grey mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Microcotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
[Syn. Caenomicrocotyle Unnithan, 1971]
Microcotyle donavini van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863; Scott 1905; Sproston
1946; Euzet & Marc 1963; Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (axillary wrasse).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
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Microcotyle erythrini van Beneden & Hese, 1863
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b), South
(Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
1998a; 2000a; 2001; 2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona 1912;
Palombi 1949; Ulmer & James 1981; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave
2008; Strona et al. 2010), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949; Paggi
& Orecchia 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1957; Jovelin &
Justine 2001), Corsica (Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al.
2010), Alboran Sea (López-Roman 1973; López-Roman & Guevara Pozo 1973);
Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2010); Northeast Atlantic
(van Beneden & Hesse 1863).
Host. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Microcotyle sebastis Goto, 1894
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Moroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); East
Atlantic: Maroccan coast (Euzet & Vala 1975); Northwest Pacific (Goto 1894);
Northeast Pacific (Bonham & Guberlet 1937).
Host. Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) (blackbelly rosefish).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Neobivagina Dillon & Hargis, 1965
[Syn. Bivulvostella Unnithan, 1971]
Neobivagina canthari (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)
Synonym. Microcotyle canthari van Beneden & Hesse, 1863.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Di Cave
2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890).
Host. Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758) (black seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Pagellicotyle Mamaev, 1984
Pagellicotyle mormyri (Lorenz, 1878)
Synonyms. Atrispinum mormyri (Lorenz, 1878); Microcotyle mormyri Lorenz, 1878.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Lorenz 1878; Stossich 1898a; Palombi 1949;
Orecchia & Paggi 1983; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b), South (this paper).
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Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ulmer & James 1981; Orecchia
& Paggi 1983; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi et al. 1998b; Stoch
2003), Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1889; 1890; Palombi 1949); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001), Alboran Sea (López-Roman &
Guevara Pozo 1973).
Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream), Lithognathus mormyrus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras).
Site of infection. Gills.
Genus Polylabris Euzet & Cauwet, 1967
[Syn. Prostatomicrocotyla Yamaguti, 1968]
Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna & Kohn, 1964)
Synonyms. Microcotyloides tubicirrus Paperna & Kohn, 1964; Polylabris diplodi Euzet
& Cauwet, 1967.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Athanassopoulou et al. 2005),
Ligurian Sea (Silan et al. 1985); Northwest Mediterranen: Gulf of Lion (Euzet &
Cauwet 1967), Alboran Sea (López-Roman 1973; López-Roman & Guevara Pozo
1973); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Kaouachi et al. 2012); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna & Kohn 1964).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Serranicotyle Maillard, Euzet & Silan, 1988
Serranicotyle labracis (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)
Synonyms. Microcotyle labracis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Atrispinum labracis
(van Beneden & Hesse, 1863).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona & Perugia 1890; 1890b; Stossich 1898a;
Palombi 1949; Bona et al. 1995a; Stoch 2003), South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Stoch 2003;
Di Cave 2008); Ligurian Sea (Parona & Perugia 1890); Northeast Atlantic (Llewellyn et
al. 1984).
Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Solostamenides Unnithan, 1971
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Solostamenides mugilis (Vogt, 1878)
Synonym. Microcotyle mugilis Vogt, 1878.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Sezen & Price 1967; Oguz
1995a), Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et
al. 1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea
(Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949), Sardinia Sea (Merella & Garippa 2001);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet & Combes 1969), Alboran Sea (LópezRoman & Guevara Pozo 1973); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian lagoons (Yemmen
et al. 2012); Black Sea (Roman-Chiriac 1960); Northeast Atlantic (Vogt 1878);
Northwest Pacific (Yamaguti 1938a).
Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826)
(thinlip grey mullet), Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Genus Sparicotyle Mamaev, 1984
Sparicotyle chrysophrii (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)
Synonym. Microcotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse, 1863.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1891; 1898a; Parona & Perugia 1890; Bona
et al. 1995a), Central (Mladineo 2004*; 2006a*; Mladineo et al. 2010*); South
(Radujković 1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989; Palombi 1949, Caffara et al. 1998;
Adžić, 2010*).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Tokşen
1999; Vagianou et al. 2006); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al.
1995a; Orecchia et al. 1998a; Cognetti-Varriale & Baroncelli 1998; Mariniello et al.
2000; Athanassopoulou et al. 2005; De Vico et al. 2008; Di Cave 2008), Ligurian Sea
(Parona & Perugia 1890; Palombi 1949; Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1958; Euzet & Noisy 1981; Jovelin & Justine
2001); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast, Eilat (Paperna et al. 1977); Northeast
Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863).
Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Remark. * In aquaculture: Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream),
Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream), Dicentrarchus labrax
(Linnaeus, 1758) (european seabass).
Family Plectanocotylidae Monticelli, 1903
Genus Plectanocotyle Diesing, 1850
[Syn. Plectanophorus Diesing, 1858
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Phyllocotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
Platycotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863]
Plectanocotyle gurnardi (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)
Synonyms. Phyllocotyle gurnardi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Platycotyle gurnardi
van Beneden & Hesse, 1863; Plectanocotyle lorenzii Monticelli, 1899; Plectanocotyle
caudata Lebour, 1908.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Monticelli 1899; Palombi 1949), South (Radujković
1986; Radujković & Euzet 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
2013); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Stoch 2003; Di
Cave 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jovelin & Justine 2001);
Southwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Tunis (Ktari 1971); Black Sea (Bychowsky 1957;
Chiriac 1977); Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden & Hesse 1863; T. Scott 1901; A. Scott
1904; Sproston 1946; Llewellyn et al. 1984).
Host. Trigloporus lastoviza (Bonnaterre, 1788) (streaked gurnard).
Site of infection. Gill filaments.
Class Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808
Subclass Digenea Carus, 1863
Order Diplostomida Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray & Littlewood, 2003
Superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886
[Syn. Strigeoidea Railliet, 1919]
Family Strigeidae Raillet, 1919
[Syn. Neostrigeidae Bisseru, 1956]
Genus Ichthyocotylurus Odening, 1969
Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802) – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Festucaria pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802); Cotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802);
Tetracotyle variegata (Creplin, 1825); Tetracotyle ovata Linstow, 1877.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea
drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. European freshwaters: Great Britain, France, Germany, Finland,
Netherland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Ukraine,
Serbia, Switzerland, Italy, (Fauna Europea 2004), Bulgaria (Kirin 2001), Czech
Republic (Sitko 1993), Russia (Radchenko 1996; Dorovskikh 1997; Pugachev 2000).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. Intestine wall, encysted as metacercaria.
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Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles & Hassall, 1898
Family Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912
[Syn. Sanguinicolidae von Graff, 1907
Cardicolinae Yamaguti, 1958
Deontacylicinae Yamaguti, 1958
Psettariinae Yamaguti, 1958
Paracardicolinae Yamaguti, 1970
Chimaerohemecinae Yamaguti, 1971]
Genus Cardicola Short, 1953
Cardicola forsteri Cribb, Daintith & Munday, 2000
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*).
Distribution. Atlantic, Pacific, Hawaiian waters and South China Sea (Smith 2002);
Southeast Indian Ocean (Cribb et al. 2000; Colquitt et al. 2001).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Gills, heart, kidney.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Order Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957
Superfamily Allocreadioidea Looss, 1902
[Syn. Opecoeloidea Ozaki, 1925; Podocotyloidea Dollfus, 1960]
Family Acanthocolpidae Lühe, 1906
[Syn. Pleorchiidae Poche, 1926
Acanthopsolinae Ward, 1938
Neophasiinae Dollfus, 1953
Stephanostominae Yamaguti, 1958]
Genus Lepidauchen Nicoll, 1913
Lepidauchen stenostoma Nicoll, 1913
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central
(Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al.
1989).
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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2000a); Central
Mediteranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Prévot 1968; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bray & Bartoli
1996; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Campos et al. 1991; Campos 1993; Campos
& Carbonell 1994), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1913;
1914; Sproston 1939); Northwest Atlantic (Bray & Bartoli 1996); West Atlantic,
Venezuelan coast (Nasir & Gomez 1977); Southwest Atlantic, Brasilian Coast (Fabio
1981).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Lithognathus
mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
(common pandora),
Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock
wrasse).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896
[Syn. Parapleorchis Al-Yamani & Nahhas, 1981
Polyorchis Stossich, 1888]
Pleorchis polyorchis (Stossich, 1889)
Synonym. Distomum polyorchis Stossich, 1889.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1889; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); West
Mediterranean (Holmes & Bartoli 1993); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et
al. 2005b; Bray et al. 2005; Barnett at al. 2010); Southwest Mediteranean: Tunisian
coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli et al. 2004).
Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Stephanostomum Looss, 1899
[Syn. Stephanochasmus Looss, 1900
Lechradena Linton, 1910
Echinostephanus Yamaguti, 1934
Critovitellarium Vigueras, 1942
Monorchistephanostomum Vigueras, 1942
Neostephanostomum Vigueras, 1955]
Stephanostomum bicoronatum (Stossich, 1883)
Synonym. Distomum bicoronatum Stossich, 1883.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis
& Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2001), Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Fuhrmann 1928; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b;
Bray et al. 2005; Barnett at al. 2010); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast
(Anato et al. 1991); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea
(Zernov 1913; Korniychuk 1997; Bartoli & Bray 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli &
Bray 2001; Lozano et al. 2001); East Atlantic (Vassiliades 1985); North Indian Ocean
(Bartoli & Bray 2001); West Pacific (Shen 1989; Bartoli & Bray 2001); East China Sea,
Yellow Sea (Wang 1989; Shen 1990a); Southwest Pacific, Australia (Bray & Cribb
2003).
Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Stephanostomum caducum (Looss, 1901)
Synonyms. Stephanochasmus caducum Looss, 1901; Stephanochasmus caducus var.
lusci Nicoll, 1914.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001;
Klimpel et al. 2003).
Host. Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (poor cod), Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus,
1758 (angler).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Stephanostomum cesticillum (Molin, 1858)
Synonyms. Distoma cesticillum Molin, 1858; Stephanostomum cesticillus (Molin,
1858); Echinostomum cesticillus (Molin, 1858); Stephanochasmus cesticillus (Molin,
1858).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona
et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Tyrrhenian Sea (Molin 1858; Looss
1901b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Bray et al. 2005;
Barnett at al. 2010); Black Sea (Zernov 1913); Azov Sea (Domnich & Sarabeev
2000a); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966); Indian
Ocean (Saoud et al. 2002).
Host. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 (angler).
Site of infection. Intestine.
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Stephanostomum minutum (Looss, 1901)
Synonyms. Stephanochasmus minutum Looss, 1901; Stephanostomum sentum
(Linton, 1910) Manter, 1947.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis &
Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Bartoli et al.
2005b; Bray et al. 2005; Barnett at al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Black
Sea (Tepe et al. 2014).
Host. Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 (stargazer).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Stephanostomum pristis (Deslongchamps, 1824)
Synonyms.
Distoma
pristis
Deslongchamps,
1824;
Echinostoma
pristis
(Deslongchamps) Dujardin, 1845; Stephanochasmus pristis (Deslongchamps) Looss,
1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1886; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis &
Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Ninni 1900); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea
(Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 2001; Bartoli
et al. 2005b; Bray et al. 2005; Ternengo et al. 2009; Barnett at al. 2010), Balearic Sea
(Grau et al. 1999); Black Sea (Bartoli & Bray 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914;
Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Palm et al. 1999; Bartoli & Bray 2001; Gaevskaya 2001;
Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001); Southwest Pacific: New Zealand coast (Bartoli &
Bray 2001).
Host. Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (poor cod).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902
Genus Crepidostomum Braun, 1900
[Syn. Crepidastomum Pratt, 1902
Acrodactyla Stafford, 1904
Stephanophiala Nicoll, 1909
Acrolichanus Ward, 1917]
Crepidostomum farionis (Müler, 1784) – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Fasciola farionis Müler, 1784; Fasciola truttae Frölich, 1789; Distoma
laureatum Zeder, 1800; Fasciola laureata (Zeder, 1800); Distoma farionis Blanchard,
1891; Crepidostomum laureatum Braun, 1900; Stephanophiala vitelloba Faust, 1918;
Crepidostomum vitellobus Hopkins, 1931; Crepidostomum farionis Linton, 1940.
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Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic and
Black Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; 1978; 1988; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. European freshwaters: England (Hartvigsen & Halvorsen 1993;
Hartvigsen & Kennedy 1993; Borgsteede et al. 1999; Kennedy et al. 1991; Kennedy
1993; Kennedy & Bush 1994), Ireland (Conneely & McCarthy 1988; Molloy et al. 1995;
Holland & Kennedy 1997; Byrne et al. 1999; Byrne et al. 2000; Byrne et al. 2002;
Byrne et al. 2003), Scotland (Dörücü et al. 1995), Iceland (Frandsen et al. 1989),
Greenland (Due & Curtis 1995), Finland (Gibson & Valtonen 1988; Rahkonen &
Valtonen 1989; Ieshko & Shulman 1995; 2001; Barskaya et al. 2000), Norway (Bristow
1993; Knudsen 1995; Bristow et al. 1996; Knudsen et al. 1997; Mo et al. 1998; Sterud
1999; Larsen & Lund 2000; Ieshko et al. 2001), Germany (Caira 1989), Poland
(Rokicki et al. 1998a; Popiolek 2001), Czech Republic (Sindlerova et al. 1996;
Moravec 2002; 2003), Slovakia (ŽitĨan 1960; Bastl 1992), Russia (Kashkovskii 1984;
Permyakov & Rumyantsev 1984; Rumyantsev et al. 1984; Mitenev et al. 1985;
Ermolenko & Butorina 1988; Butorina & Shedko 1989; Rumyantsev et al. 1998;
Ermolenko 1994; Dorovskikh 1997; Ermolenko et al. 1999; Baldanova 2000; Rusinek &
Dzuba 2002), Turkey (Caira 1989).
North American freshwaters (Mpoame & Rinne 1984; Heckmann & Ching 1987; Curtis
1988; 1995; Dechtiar & Lawrie 1988; Dechtiar et al. 1988; Dechtiar et al. 1989; Szalai
& Dick 1988; Caira 1989; Baggs & Cowan 1989; Bouillon & Dempson 1989; Wright et
al. 1989; Albert & Curtis 1991; Marcogliese & Cone 1991; Wright & Curtis 1991;
Muzzall 1995; Kolasa & Curtis 1995; Curtis et al. 1995; Dubois et al. 1996; Carney &
Dick 1999; Muzzall & Bowen 2002; Baldwin & Goater 2003; Muzal et al. 2003); Japan
freshwaters (Nagasawa et al. 1987; Shimazu 1988; 1990; 1994).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Family Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925
[Syn. Coitocaecidae Ozaki, 1929
Notoporidae Yamaguti, 1938
Podocotylidae Dollfus, 1960]
Genus Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966
Allopodocotyle pedicellata (Stossich, 1887)
Synonyms. Distomum pedicellata Stossich, 1887; Podocotyle pedicellatum (Stossich,
1887) Stossich, 1898.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1887; 1898a; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik
2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska
1953; Bona et al. 1995b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
2000a), Ionian Sea, Sicilia (Barbagallo & Drago 1903); Central Mediterranean:
Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Mariniello et al. 2000); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Maillard 1976; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al.
1989a; Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian
coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean:
Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985).
Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Bathycreadium Kabata, 1961
Bathycreadium elongata (Maillard, 1970)
Synonym. Nicolla elongata Maillard, 1970.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of
Lion (Maillard 1970), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b).
Host. Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet, 1824) (three-bearded rockling).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Cainocreadium Nicoll, 1909
[Apopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966]
Cainocreadium labracis (Dujardin, 1845)
Synonyms. Distomum (Dicrocoelium) labracis Dujardin, 1845; Distoma verrucosum
Molin, 1859 nec Porier, 1885; Distoma receptaculum Cobbold, 1860; Cercaria cotylura
Pagenstecher, 1862; Distomum (Echinostoma) labracis of van Beneden, 1871;
Distomum atomon (Rudolphi) of Stossich 1887 (see Odhner, 1901); Dicrocoelium
labracis Parona 1899; Allocreadium labracis (Dujardin, 1845) Odhner, 1901;
Distomum (Dicrocoelium) verrucosum (Molin, 1859) Yamaguti, 1971.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1859; Stossich 1886b; 1887; 1898a; 1905;
Odhner 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953;
Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976), Ionian
Sea, Sicilia (Barbagallo & Drago 1903); Central Mediterranean: Tyrhenian Sea (Bona
et al. 1995b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona 1899b;
Stossich 1905; Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Pagenstecher, 1862; Maillard 1976; Sasal et al. 1999;
Jousson & Bartoli 2001), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989b; Jousson et al. 1999; Jousson &
Bartoli 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman & Guevara-Pozo 1977;
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
Fernandez et al. 1988); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1982), Lebanon
coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Osmanov 1940; Nikolaeva & Solonchenko 1970;
Bartoli et al. 1989b); Northeast Atlantic (Dujardin 1845; Johnstone 1908; Nicoll 1914;
Bartoli et al. 1989b; Orge et al. 2000), East Atlantic (Fernandez et al. 1988).
Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex), Dicentrarchus labrax
(Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Helicometra Odhner, 1902
[Syn. Stenopera Manter, 1963
Allostenopera Baeva, 1968]
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma fasciatum Rudolphi, 1819; Distomum pulchellum Rudolphi, 1819;
Dicrocoelium fasciatum (Rudolphi, 1819); Distoma sinuatum Rudolphi, 1819;
Helicometra pulchella (Rudolphi, 1819); Helicometra sinuata (Rudolphi, 1819);
Distoma gobii Stossich, 1883; Distomum labri Stossich, 1886; Helicometra labri
(Stossich, 1886); Allocreadium fasciatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1901;
Allocreadium labri (Stossich) of Odhner, 1901; Allocreadium sinuatum (Rudolphi,
1819) Odhner, 1901; Helicometra pulchella (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1902; Loborchis
mutabilis Stossich, 1902; Distoma (Dicrocoelium) pulchellum of Barbagallo & Drago,
1903; Helicometra mutabilis (Stossich, 1902) Stossich, 1903; Helicometra flava
Stossich, 1903; Helicometra gobii (Stossich, 1883) Stossich, 1904; Allocreadium
alacre Stossich of Palombi, 1929.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1883; 1886; 1889; 1901;
1902; 1903; Palombi 1929; Bona et al. 1995b; Dezfuli et al. 1997; Di Cave et al. 2001;
Paradižnik 1991b; 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008),
Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas
1991; Di Cave et al. 2001; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ergens 1960; Radujkovic &
Raibaut 1989; Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea
(Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2000a; 2001; 2004), Ionian Sea, Sicilia (Barbagallo &
Drago 1903); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Palombi 1931;
Bona et al. 1995b; Arculeo et al. 1997; Figus et al. 2005; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian
Sea (Willemoes-Suhm 1871; Parona 1902; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni
et al. 2006); West Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mathias 1934; Timon-David 1937; Maillard & Aussel
1988; Reversat et al. 1991a; 1991b; Reversat & Silan 1991; 1993; Bartoli &
Boudouresque 1997; Sasal et al. 1999); Corsica (Jousson et al. 1999; Ternengo et al.
2009), Balearic Sea (Campos et al. 1991; Campos & Carbonell 1994; Levron et al.
2003;), Alboran Sea (Outeiral et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast
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(Derbel et al. 2012); Black Sea (Osmanov 1940; Pogorel’tseva 1952b; Dolgikh &
Naidenova 1968; Naidenova & Dolgikh 1969; Nikolaeva & Solonchenko 1970;
Machkevsky 1990; Machkevsky et al. 1996; Korniychuk & Gaevskaya 1999;
Korniychuk 1997; 1999; 2000; 2001b; Gaevskaya 2002a; Tepe et al. 2014); Northeast
Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray 1973; Vassiliades 1985; Santos & Eiras 1995; Treasurer
1997; Paniagua et al. 1999); Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966); West Pacific (Bray &
Cribb 1989; Lester & Sewell 1989); Australian coast (Rigby et al. 1997); East Pacific
(Oliva & Munoz 1985; Campos et al. 1991; Luque et al. 1991; Tantalean et al. 1992;
Luque & Oliva 1993; Luque 1994; Oliva & Luque 1998; 2002; Oliva et al. 1990); South
China Sea (Wang et al. 1992); Persian Gulf (Kalantan et al. 1992).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Carapus acus (Brünnich,
1768) (pearl fish), Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758) (tub gurnard),
Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (black acara), Conger conger (Linnaeus,
1758) (European conger), Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mediterranean rainbow
wrasse), Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 (black goby), Labrus bergylta Ascanius, 1767
(ballan wrasse), Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 (brown wrasse), Labrus mixtus
Linnaeus, 1758 (cuckoo wrasse), Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lacepède, 1801) (largescaled gurnard), Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole), Monochirus
hispidus Rafinesque, 1814 (whiskered sole), Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)
(round goby), Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 (snake blenny), Scomber scombrus
Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel), Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810 (small red
scorpionfish), Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758 (black scorpionfish), Serranus
cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (comber), Serranus hepatus (brown comber), Serranus
scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) (painted comber), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
(grey wrasse), Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (axillary wrasse),
Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810) (five-spotted wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus,
1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse), Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758 (greater
weever), Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758 (piper gurnard).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Macvicaria Gibson & Bray, 1982
[Syn. Cryptacetabulum Shalaby & Hassanine, 1997]
Macvicaria alacris (Looss, 1901)
Synonyms. Distomum alacre Looss, 1901; Plagioporus alacris (Looss, 1901);
Lebouria alacris (Looss) of Nicoll, 1910; Distomum sp. Johnstone, 1927.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey
1970).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli & Boudouresque 1997; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
(Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2000b; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Northeast Atlantic
(Nicoll 1914; Gibson & Bray 1982; Treasurer 1991; 1997; Palm et al. 1999).
Host. Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus
mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (axillary wrasse).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Macvicaria crassigula (Linton, 1910)
Synonyms. Lebourua crassigula Linton, 1910; Plagioporus crassigulus (Linton, 1810)
Price, 1934; Pachycreadium crassigulum (Linton, 1910) Manter, 1954; (?) Distomum
obovatum of Stossich (1989; 1898); Plagioporus sp. of Ergens (1960); (?) Plagioporus
varicus [sic] of Sey (1970) in part; Plagioporus varicus of Parukhin (1976) in part; (?)
Plagioporus alacer of Papoutsoglou (1976) in part; Plagioporus idoneus of Sey (1970)
in part; Fischthal (1980) in part; (?) Plagioporus idoneus of Papoutsoglou (1976) in
part; Parukhin (1968; 1976) in part; Pachycreadium obovatum of Bray (1987) in part.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1889; 1898a; Bona et al. 1995b), Central
(Sey 1970; Bray 1987; Bartoli et al. 1989c; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008),
South (Ergens 1960).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bartoli et al. 1989c; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et
al. 1989c; Jousson et al. 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al.
2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980; Bartoli et al. 1989c);
Northwest Atlantic (Linton 1910; Manter 1940; 1947; Hanson 1950; Siddiqi & Cable
1960; Nahhas & Cable 1964; Overstreet 1969; Rees 1970; Fischthal 1977; Bray 1987;
Bartoli et al. 1989c); Southwest Atlantic (Fernandes & Goulart 1992); Southeast
Atlantic (Parukhin 1976); Indian Ocean (Parukhin 1976; Bray 1987; Bartoli et al.
1989c).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Spicara smaris
(Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Macvicaria dubia (Stossich, 1905)
Synonyms. Allocreadium dubium Stossich, 1905; Plagioporus varicus [sic] of Sey
(1970); (?) Plagioporus idoneus of Papoutsoglou (1976).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1905; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Sey, 1970; Bartoli et al. 1989c).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
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Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989c; Bartoli et
al. 2005b); Northwest Atlantic (Bartoli et al. 1989c).
Host. Oblada melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) (saddled seabream).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Macvicaria maillardi Bartoli, Bray & Gibson, 1989
Synonyms. Distomum obovatum of Stossich (1885; 1898); (?) Plagioporus idoneus of
Papoutsoglou (1976).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; 1898a; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Mariniello et al. 2000);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al.
1989c; 2005b; Jousson et al. 2000); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast
(Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a).
Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Macvicaria mormyri (Stossich, 1885)
Synonym. Allocreadium mormyri Stossich, 1885.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et
al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al.
1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1993; 2005b; Jousson et al. 1999; 2000); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012).
Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Macvicaria obovata (Molin, 1859)
Synonyms. Distomum obovatum Molin, 1859; Allocreadium obovatum (Molin, 1859)
Dollfus 1969; Plagioporus obovatum (Molin, 1859) Yamaguti, 1971; Pachycreadium
obovatum (Molin, 1859) Gibson & Bray, 1982; (?) Plagioporus idoneus (Nicoll, 1909)
of Fischthal, 1980.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1859; Stossich 1885; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis
& Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Mariniello et al. 2000); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion
(Maillard 1976; Sasal et al. 1999); Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989c; 2005b; Jousson et al.
1999); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980).
Host. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (gilthead seabream).
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
Site of infection. Intestine.
Macvicaria soleae (Dujardin, 1845)
Synonyms. Distoma soleae Dujardin, 1845; Plagioporus varius (Nicoll, 1910).
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Dujardin 1845; Gibson & Bray 1982; Alvarez et al.
2002; Durieux et al. 2007; Marques et al. 2006); Northwest Atlantic (Margolis & Arthur
1979).
Host. Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758 (butterfly blenny), Diplodus annularis
(Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Oblada melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) (saddled
seabream).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Opecoeloides Odhner, 1928
[Syn. Cymbephallus Linton, 1934
Fimbriatus Von Wicklen, 1946]
Opecoeloides furcatus (Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distomum furcatum Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819; Fasciola furcata
Blainville, 1828; Podocotyle furcatum Stossich, 1898.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Lühe 1900; Dollfus 1948; Bona et al.
1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Klimpel et al. 2008; Ortis &
Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Hristovski & Jardas 1983; 1991;
Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al.
1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Brinkmann 1967; Papoutsoglou
1976; Akmirza 2000b); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b;
Arculeo et al. 1997; Klimpel et al. 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008; Klimpel et
al. 2008), Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997; Miquel et al. 2000),
Corsica (Jousson et al. 1999; Jousson & Bartoli 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo
et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran Sea (Lopez-Roman
& Guevara-Pozo 1977); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al.
2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast
(Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985; Saad-Farès & Combes 1992a);
Northeast Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989).
Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
(surmullet), Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (brown comber).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Pachycreadium Manter, 1954
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Pachycreadium carnosum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Distomum carnosum Rudolphi, 1819.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica
(Bartoli et al. 1988; 2005b; Jousson et al. 1999); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian
coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a).
Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Peracreadium Nicoll, 1909
[Syn. Lebouria Nicoll, 1909
Indocreadium Srivastava, 1943
Anabathycreadium Salman & Srivastava, 1990]
Peracreadium characis (Stossich, 1886)
Synonyms. Distoma characis Stossich, 1886; Allocreadium characis (Stossich, 1886)
Stossich, 1905.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1886; 1887; 1888; 1898; 1905; Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 1989b; 2005b;
Jousson et al. 1999); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012).
Host. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (sharpsnout seabream).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)
Synonyms. Lebouria idonea Nicoll, 1909; Plagioporus idoneus (Nicoll, 1909) Price,
1934.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970).
Distribution. East Mediterranean: Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès & Combes 1992a);
North Atlantic (Køie 2000); Northeast Atlantic (Bray et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic
(Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus sargus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common
pandora), Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel), Symphodus cinereus
(Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic
peacock wrasse).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. This species is, probably, misidentified by Sey (1970).
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Genus Plagioporus Stafford, 1904
[Syn. Baikalotrema Layman, 1951]
Plagioporus stefanskii Ślusarski, 1958 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea
drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. European freshwaters: Poland (Rokicki & Kulikowski 1995; Kulikowski &
Rokicki 1998; Rokicki et al. 1998b), Serbia (Fauna Europea 2004).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Genus Podocotyle Dujardin, 1845
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)
Synonym. Distoma atomon Rudolphi, 1802; Fasciola atomon Rudolphi, 1802;
Podocotyle odhneri Issaitschikov, 1928.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Carus 1885; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis
& Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas
1991; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Figus et al.
2005; Ortis & Paggi 2008);
Northeast Atlantic (Køie 1988; Kennedy et al. 1992; Siddall et al. 1994; Borgsteede et
al. 1999; Palm et al. 1999; Klimpel et al. 2003), Baltic Sea (Buchmann 1991;
Sulgostowska 1993; Reimer 1995; Køie 1999; Zander et al. 1999; 2000; Zander 2001);
Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007); Northwest Atlantic
(Scott & Bray 1989; Khan 1999); Arctic Ocean (Mitenev et al. 1991; Hemmingsen et
al. 1992; Karasaev et al. 1996; Olafsdottir 1999; Richter 2003); Indian Ocean: Bengal
Bay (Hanumantha Rao et al. 1994); Northwest Pacific (Nagasawa et al. 1987; Machida
& Araki 1994; Shvetsova 1994a); South China Sea (Wang et al. 1992).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Ariosoma balearicum
(Delaroche, 1809) (bandtooth conger), Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) (thinlip
conger), Gobius geniporus Valenciennes, 1837 (slender goby), Gobius niger Linnaeus,
1758 (black goby), Lesueurigobius friesii (Malm, 1874) (Fries's goby), Microchirus
variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Podocotyle scorpaenae (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Distoma scorpaenae Rudolphi, 1819.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
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Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 1991; Jousson et al.
1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009).
Host. Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810 (small red scorpionfish), Scorpaena porcus
Linnaeus, 1758 (black scorpionfish), Scorpaena scrofa
Linnaeus, 1758 (red
scorpionfish).
Site of infection. Pyloric caeca and intestine.
Genus Poracanthium Dollfus, 1948
[Syn. Alloanomalotrema Yamaguti, 1971]
Poracanthium furcatum Dollfus, 1948
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Dollfus 1948; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997),
Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 1991; Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et
al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a); Southwest Mediterranean:
Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012).
Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
(surmullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Pycnadenoides Yamaguti, 1938
Pycnadenoides umbrinae (Stossich, 1885)
Synonyms. Distoma umbrinae Stossich, 1885; Allocreadium umbrinae (Stossich,
1885) Stossich, 1905; Podocotyle umbrinae (Stossich, 1885) Yamaguti, 1971;
Pycnadenoides ghanensis Fischthal & Thomas, 1968 of Fischthal, 1980.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Orecchia & Paggi 1960; Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976), Ionian
Sea, Sicilia (Barbagallo & Drago 1903); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea
(Orecchia & Paggi 1960; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea
(Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Gibson & Bray 1989);
East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980).
Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Sphaerostoma Rudolphi, 1809
[Syn. Cotylogonoporum Thapar & Dayal, 1934]
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Sphaerostoma globiporum (Rudolphi, 1802) – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Distoma globiporum Rudolphi, 1802; Sphaerostomum globiporum
(Rudolphi) Looss, 1899.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic and
Black Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970; 1978; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al.
1981).
Distribution. European Inland waters: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Lituania,
Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia (Fauna Europea 2004).
Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. As anadromous fish, the twaite shad was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Superfamily Azygioidea Lühe, 1909
Family Azygiidae Lühe, 1909
[Syn. Leuceruthridae Goldberger, 1911
Aphanhysteridae Guiart, 1938]
Genus Otodistomum Stafford, 1904
[Syn. Xenodistomum Stafford, 1904
Josstaffordia Odhner, 1911
Aphanhystera Guiart, 1938]
Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin, 1837) ?
Synonym. Distoma scymna or scymni Risso of various authors; Otodistoma scymni
(Risso) Guiart, 1938, in part.; Distoma veliporum Creplin, 1837; Otodistomum
veliporum leptotheca Dollfus, 1937; Otodistomum veliporum pachytheca Dollfus, 1937;
Fasciola squali grisei Diesing, 1850; Distomum insigne Diesing, 1850; Distoma
microcephalum Baird, 1853; Otodistomum plicatum Kay, 1947.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Creplin 1837; Bona et al.
1995b; Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Dollfus 1937; Gibson & Bray 1977); Northeast
Pacific (Caballero & Caballero 1969); Southwest Pacific (Manter 1954).
Host. Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788) (kitefin shark).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. Presence in the Adriatic uncertain.
Superfamily Bucephaloidea Poche, 1907
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[Syn. Gasterostomata Odhner, 1905; Alcicornata
Gasterostomatiformes Skrjabin & Schulz, 1937]
Skrjabin
&
Schulz,
1937;
Family Bucephalidae Poche, 1907
[Syn. Gasterostomatidae Braun, 1883
Sinicovothylacidae Yu, 1965
Prosorhynchidae Kohn, 1970]
Genus Bucephalus von Baer, 1827
[Syn. Gasterostomum von Siebold, 1848
Eubucephalus Diesing, 1855
Labratrema Maillard, 1975]
Bucephalus anguillae Špakulová, Macko, Berrilli & Dezfuli, 2002
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Berrilli et al. 2000; Di Cave et al. 2001; Špakulová et
al. 2002; Ortis & Paggi 2008; Dezfuli et al. 2009), South (Berrilli et al. 2000; Di Cave
et al. 2001; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Kennedy et al. 1997; Paggi et
al. 1998a; Berrilli et al. 2000; Špakulová et al. 2002; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia
(Culurgioni et al. 2010); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Grau et al. 1999);
Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Nabil et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et
al. 2012).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Bucephalus minimus (Stossich, 1887)
Synonyms. Gasterostomum minimum Stossich, 1887; Labratrema minimus (Stossich,
1887).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1887; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano
et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al.
2011b); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Maillard 1976; Lozano et al. 2001).
Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Dolichoenterum Ozaki, 1924
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Dolichoenterum longissimum Ozaki, 1924
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Culurgioni et al. 2006; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Muñoz et al. 1989); Northeast
Atlantic: Scotland (Williams 1960), Bay of Biscay (Bray 1973); Northwest Pacific:
Japan (Ozaki 1928; Yamaguti 1938b; Machida et al. 1970; Shimazu 1987; 1995; Kim
et al. 1999); Southwest Pacific: New Zealand (Manter 1957).
Host. Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Prosorhynchoides Dollfus, 1929
[Syn. Bucephalopsis Diesing, 1855
Neobucephalopsis Dayal, 1948
Bucephaloides Hopkins, 1954]
Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma gracilescens Rudolphi, 1819; Bucephalopsis gracilescens
(Rudolphi, 1819); Gasterostomum gracilescens (Rudolphi, 1819).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1890a; Bona et al. 1995b;
Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli et al. 2006), Corsica (Bartoli et
al. 2005b); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Eydal et al. 2011); Northwest Pacific: Japan
(Nagasawa et al. 1987).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Auxis thazard (Lacepède,
1800) (frigate tuna), Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 (angler).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Prosorhynchoides tergestinum (Stossich, 1883)
Synonyms. Gasterostomum tergestina Stossich, 1883; Bucephalopsis tergestina
(Stossich, 1883).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005a).
Host. Gobius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) (black goby).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905
[Syn. Gotonius Ozaki, 1924
Skrjabiniella Issaitschikow, 1928
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Paraprosorhynchus Kohn, 1967
Chabaudtrema Kohn, 1970
Rudolphimus Stunkard, 1974]
Prosorhynchus aculeatus Odhner, 1905
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Odhner 1905), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Culurgioni et al. 2006; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Balearic Sea (Muñoz et al. 1989;
Campos & Carbonell 1994), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914;
Lozano et al. 2001; Santos & Gibson 2002); Northwest Pacific, Japan (Shimazu 1987;
1995; Kim et al. 1999).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Monostoma crucibulum Rudolphi, 1819; Distoma (Crossodera) crucibulum
(Rudolphi, 1819) Dujardin, 1845; Gasterostomum crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) Gervais
& van Beneden, 1859.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968), South (Orecchia et
al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976);
Mediterranean (Rudolphi 1819; Odhner 1905), Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea
(Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et
al. 2006); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Balearic Sea
(Muñoz et al. 1989; Grau et al. 1999; Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010; Carreras-Aubets et
al. 2012a), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian
coast (Anato et al. 1991); Red Sea (Rabie & Ahmed 2000); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll
1914; 1915b; Brinkmann, 1967; Bray 1973; Cheetham & Fives 1990; Palm et al. 1999;
Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001; Lozano et al. 2001; Santos & Gibson 2002);
Northwest Pacific: East China Sea (Shen 1990c), Japan coast (Shimazu 1987; 1995);
Southeast Pacific (Sekerak & Arai 1977); Southwest Pacific (Arthur & Lumanlan-Mayo
1997).
Host. Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Echelus myrus (Linnaeus,
1758) (painted eel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Rhipidocotyle Diesing, 1858
[Syn. Nannoenteron Ozaki, 1924
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Pararhipidocotyle Kohn, 1970]
Rhipidocotyle galeata (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Monostomum galeatum Rudolphi, 1819; Gasterostomum minimum
Wagener, 1852; Gasterostomum galeatum (Rudolphi) of Stossich, 1898.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1887; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al.
2011; 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980).
Host. Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758) (leerfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Gorgoderoidea Looss, 1901
[Syn. Orchipedoidea Skrjabin, 1913]
Family Gorgoderidae Looss, 1899
[Syn. Phyllodistomidae Nybelin, 1926]
Genus Phyllodistomum Braun, 1899
[Syn. Spathidium Looss, 1899
Catoptroides Odhner, 1902
Vitellarinus Zmeev, 1936
Phyllochorus Dayal, 1938
Plesiodistomum Dayal, 1942]
Phyllodistomum acceptum Looss, 1901
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest
Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Campos & Carbonell 1994); Black Sea (Machkevsky
1990; Korniychuk 2001b).
Host. Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Thalassoma pavo
(Linnaeus, 1758) (ornate wrasse).
Site of infection. Gall bladder.
Superfamily Gymnophalloidea Odhner, 1905
Family Fellodistomidae Nicoll, 1909
[Syn. Steringophoridae Odhner, 1911
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Xenoperidae Poche, 1926
Monascidae Dollfus, 1947]
Genus Lomasoma Manter, 1935
[Syn. Lomaphorus Manter, 1934 nec Ameghino, 1889]
Lomasoma wardi (Manter, 1934)
Synonym. Lomaphorus wardi Manter, 1934.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski &
Jardas 1991).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988); Northwest Atlantic
(Manter 1934; Bray 1995); Southwest Indian Ocean (Bray 1995).
Host. Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Lintonium Stunkard & Nigrelli, 1930
[Syn. Gastris Lühe, 1906 nec Dallman in Billberg, 1820
Paradiplangus Gupta, 1968
Paradiplobulbus Bilqees, 1972]
Lintonium vibex (Linton, 1905)
Synonym. Distomum vibex Linton, 1905.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas
1991).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Indian
Ocean: Persian Gulf (Sey et al. 2003); West Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005); South China
Sea (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810) (solenette).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Genus Monascus Looss, 1907
[Syn. Haplocladus Odhner, 1911
Karachitrema Bilqees, 1973]
Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma filiforme Rudolphi, 1819; Haplocladus filiformis Odhner, 1911;
Haplocladus minor Odhner, 1911; Haplocladus typicus Odhner, 1911; Haplocladus
orientalis Srivastava, 1937; Monascus minor Dollfus, 1947; Monascus typicus Dollfus,
1947; Monascus orientalis Yamaguti, 1958; Monascus netoi Travassos, Freitas &
Bührnheim, 1965; Karachitrema trilobata Bilqees, 1973; Monascus chauhani Kumari,
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
1975; Monascus ovilobatus Kumari, 1975; Monascus elongatus Karyakarte & Yadav,
1976.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Odhner 1911b; Bona et al. 1995b),
Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas
1991; Bona et al. 1995b), South (Radujković et al. 1989; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea
(Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998b); Central Mediterranean (Rudolphi 1819;
Willemoes-Suhm 1871; Zschokke 1887; Nikolaeva & Kovaleva 1966; Papoutsoglou
1976; Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Orecchia et al. 1985), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b),
Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et
al. 2012); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931; Osmanov 1940; Pogorel’tseva 1952a); Northeast
Atlantic (Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Palm et al. 1999); Southwest Atlantic (Girola et
al. 1992; Martorelli & Cremonte 1998; Pereira et al. 2000); Indian Ocean (Hafeezullah
1984), Persian Gulf (Sey et al. 2003).
Host. Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758) (red bandfish), Microchirus variegatus
(Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole), Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)
(Mediterranean horse mackerel), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse
mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Proctoeces Odhner, 1911
[Syn. Xenopera Nicoll, 1915]
Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901)
Synonyms. Distomum maculatum Looss, 1901; Distomum subtenue Linton, 1907;
Proctoeces erythreaus Odhner, 1911; Xenopera insolita Nicoll, 1913; Proctoeces
ostraea Fujita, 1925; (?) Proctoeces major Yamaguti, 1934; Proctoeces subtenuis
(Linton, 1907) Hanson, 1950; Procteces insolitus Yamaguti, 1953; Proctoeces lintoni
Siddiqi & Cable, 1960; Proctoeces progeneticus Dollfus, 1965; Proctoeces buccini
Looss-Frank, 1969; Proctoeces scrobiculariae Looss-Frank, 1969; Proctoeces
hawaiiensis Yamaguti, 1970; Proctoeces inchiharai Shimura & Egusa, 1979;
Complexobursa magna Bilqees, 1980.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007;
Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b), South (Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean (Odhner 1911b; Parukhin et al. 1971; Martinez
1974), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2006); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Prévot
1965), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean:
Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al.
2011a); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980; 1982), Lebanon coast
(Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Vlassenko 1931; Pogorel’tseva 1952a; Naidenova
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1974); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1980); Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Sey et
al. 2003).
Host. Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 (brown wrasse), Symphodus cinereus
(Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic
peacock wrasse), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Steringotrema Odhner, 1911
[Syn. Rhodotrema Odhner, 1911
Markevitschiella Skrjabin & Koval, 1957
Pseudantorchis Wang, 1982]
Steringotrema divergens (Rudolphi, 1809)
Synonyms. Distoma divergens Rudolphi, 1809; Fasciola divergens (Rudolphi) de
Blainville, 1820.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1809; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Sey
1970; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Stoch 2003;
Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Braun 1891; Nicoll 1914; Bray 1973; Bray &
Gibson 1980; Vassiliades 1985).
Host. Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758 (butterfly blenny).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Steringotrema pagelli (van Beneden, 1871)
Synonyms. Distoma pagelli van Beneden, 1871; Distomum tergestinum Stossich,
1888; Steringotrema (Ovotrema) pagelli (van Beneden) Yamaguti, 1953;
Steringophorus cluthensis Nicoll, 1909; Leioderma cluthense (Nicoll) Nicoll, 1910;
Steringotrema cluthense (Nicoll) Odhner, 1911.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1889; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution.
Mediterranean
(Naidenova
&
Mordvinova
1997);
Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian
coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray &
Gibson 1980; Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989; Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al.
1999); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Symphodus cinereus
(Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic
peacock wrasse).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Tergestia Stossich, 1899
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Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma laticolle Rudolphi, 1819; Echinostoma laticolle (Rudolphi)
Parona, 1899; Distoma polonii Molin of Olsson (1868); Tergestia acanthogobii
Yamaguti, 1938; Tergestia acanthocephala (Stossich) of Baylis (1939).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1899a; Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b;
Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
1998b); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Black Sea (Marinov & Golemansky
1989); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Lozano et al. 2001); Northwest Atlantic (Dyer
et al. 1998); Southwest Atlantic (Fernandes et al. 2002); Indian Ocean (Parukhin
1988; Gibson et al. 2005); East Pacific (Castillo-Sanchez et al. 1997; Perez-Ponce de
Leon et al. 1998); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Kuramochi 2000); East China Sea,
Yellow Sea (Wang & Wang 1993).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Symphodus cinereus
(Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic
peacock wrasse), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. Records on sparids and labrids (Sey, 1968) are doubtful.
Genus Theledera Linton, 1910
[Syn. Cithara MacCallum, 1917
Tergestina Nagaty & Abdel Aal, 1964]
Theledera acanthocephala (Stossich, 1887) Bray & Gibson, 1980
Synonym. Distoma laticolle Rudolphi, 1819; Tergestia acanthocephala (Stossich,
1887).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997), Tyrrhenian Sea
(Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2003; Bartoli et
al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Red Sea
(Bartoli et al. 2003); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Pacific Ocean (Gibson et
al. 2005).
Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish), Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)
(greater amberjack), Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Haploporoidea Nicoll, 1914
Family Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914
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[Syn. Waretrematidae Srivastava, 1937
Megasolenidae Skrjabin, 1942
Hyporhamphitrematidae Machida & Kuramochi, 2000]
Genus Dicrogaster Looss, 1902
Dicrogaster contractus Looss, 1902
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss, 1902a; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Bona et
al. 1995b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b; Gibson et al.
2005), Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et
al. 1979; Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Di Cave et al.
1997; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Paggi et al. 1979),
Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Farès &
Maillard 1974), Balearic Sea, Santa Pola (Sarabeev & Balbuena 2003; Blasco-Costa
et al. 2009a; 2009c); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012);
Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Al-Bassel 2003; Al-Bassel & Hussein 2012); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Gibson et al. 2005); Black Sea (Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya
2001); Azov Sea (Solonchenko & Tkachuk 1985; Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a; 2000b;
2000c; Sarabeev & Domnich 2000; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001; Sarabeev &
Balbuena 2003); Caspian Sea (Ibragimov 1988); Northeast Atlantic (Sarabeev &
Balbuena 2003).
Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Dicrogaster perpusilla Looss, 1902
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss, 1902a; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Bona et
al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz & Bray 2006); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest Mediterranean:
Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a; 2009c).
Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Haploporus Looss, 1902
[Syn. Neohaploporus Manter, 1963]
Haploporus benedeni (Stossich, 1887)
Synonyms. Distomum viviparum van Beneden, 1870; Distomum benedeni Stossich,
1887; Distoma benedeni Stossich, 1898; Haploporus lateralis Looss, 1902.
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1887; 1888; 1898; Looss, 1902a; Bona et
al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ergens
1960; Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1979; Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et al.
1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978;
Paggi et al. 1979), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf
of Lion (Farès & Maillard 1974), Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a; 2009b);
Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Al-Bassel 2003); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast
(Paperna 1964b); Black Sea (Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001; Nizova et al. 2001; Öztürk
& Aydogdu 2003); Azov Sea (Solonchenko & Tkachuk 1985; Domnich & Sarabeev
2000a; 2000b; 2000c; Sarabeev & Domnich 2000; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001);
Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Dawes 1947; Carvalho-Varela et al. 1981; Lozano et
al. 2001; Blasco-Costa et al. 2009b).
Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826)
(thinlip grey mullet), Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829) (boxlip mullet) – new host.
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Lecithobotrys Looss, 1902
Lecithobotrys putrescens Looss, 1902
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1902a; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et
al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 1998;
2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a; 2009b);
Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Al-Bassel 2003; Al-Bassel & Hussein 2012); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Paperna 1964b; Paperna & Overstreet 1981).
Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet).
Site of infection. Intestine, stomach.
Genus Saccocoelium Looss, 1902
[Syn. Wlassenkotrema Skrjabin, 1956
Neosaccocoelium El-Shahawi, El-Gindy, Imam & Al-Bassel, 1992]
Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902
Synonyms. Haploporus longicollum Vlassenko, 1931; Wlassenkotrema longicollum
(Vlassenko, 1931) Skrjabin, 1956.
Findings in the Adriatic. Noth (Looss 1902a; Ferretti & Paggi 1965; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988;
Radujković et al. 1989; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
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Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b); Aegean Sea
(Altunel 1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Paggi
et al. 1979; Bona et al. 1995b; Di Cave et al. 1997; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al.
1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 1998; 2001); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Farès & Maillard 1974), Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al.
2009a; 2009d), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian
coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Fischthal & Kuntz 1963;
Moravec & Libosvárský 1975; Al-Bassel 2003); East Mediterranean: Lebanon coast
(Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Gaevskaya & Dmitrieva 1993; Pronkina 2001;
Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001; Blasco-Costa et al. 2009d); Azov Sea (Domnich &
Sarabeev 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; Sarabeev & Domnitch 2000; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya
2001); Caspian Sea (Mikailov 1958; Ibragimov 1988); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914;
Lozano et al. 2001).
Host. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) (thicklip grey mullet), Liza aurata (Risso, 1810)
(golden grey mullet), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Saccocoelium tensum Looss, 1902
Synonyms. Lecithobotrys aegyptiacus Hassan, El-Aziz, Khidr & Abu Samak, 1990;
Lecithobotrys helmymohamedi Ramadan, Saoud, Ashour & Mansour, 1989;
Saccocoelium helmymohamedi (Ramadan, Saoud, Ashour & Mansour, 1989)
Overstreet & Curran, 2005; Saccocoelium portsaidensis [sic] El-Shahawi, El-Gindy,
Imam & Al-Bassel, 1992; Saccocoelium saoudi El-Shahawi, El-Gindy, Imam & AlBassel, 1992; Neosaccocoelium aegyptiacus [sic] El-Shahawi, El-Gindy, Imam & AlBassel, 1992.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1902a; Brglez & Paradižnik 1988; Paradižnik
2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi
2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Altunel 1982); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1979; 1988; Bona et al. 1995b; Di Cave
et al. 1997; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia
(Merella & Garippa 1998; 2000; 2001); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Farès
& Maillard 1974), Balearic Sea (Blasco-Costa et al. 2009a); Southeast Mediterranean:
Egypt (Moravec & Libosvárský 1975; Ramadan et al. 1989a; 1989b; Hassan et al.
1990; El-Shahawi et al. 1992; Al-Bassel 2003); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast
(Fischthal & Kuntz 1963; Paperna 1964b); Black Sea (Vlassenko 1931; Gaevskaya &
Dmitrieva 1993; Korniychuk 2001a; Nizova et al. 2001; Pronkina 2001; Dmitrieva &
Gaevskaya 2001; Gaevskaya & Korniychuk 2003); Azov Sea (Solonchenko & Tkachuk
1985; Zabodash & Semenenko 1994; Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a; 2000b; 2000c;
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Maltsev & Zhdamirov 2000; Sarabeev 2000; Sarabeev & Domnitch 2000; Dmitrieva &
Gaevskaya 2001); Caspian Sea (Mikailov 1958; Ibragimov 1988).
Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet), Liza saliens (Risso, 1810)
(leaping mullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Haplosplanchnoidea Poche, 1926
Family Haplosplanchnidae Poche, 1926
Genus Haplosplanchnus Looss, 1902
[Syn. Laruea Srivastava, 1937]
Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt, 1829)
Synonyms. Distoma pachysoma Eysenhardt, 1829; Podocotyle pachysomum
Stossich, 1898.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich, 1898; Looss, 1902c; Brglez & Paradižnik
1988; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al.
1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Altunel
1982); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Bona et al.
1995b; Di Cave et al. 1997; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Sardinia (Merella & Garippa 1998; 2001), Corsica (Caillot et al. 1999);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Carrere 1937; Farès 1974; Farès & Maillard
1974); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast
Mediterranean: Egypt (Moravec & Libosvarsky 1975; Hassan et al. 1990; Al-Bassel
2003; Al-Bassel & Hussein 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal & Kuntz
1963; Paperna 1964b), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931;
Osmanov 1940; Butskaya 1952; Gaevskaya & Dmitrieva 1992; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya
2001); Azov Sea (Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a); Caspian Sea (Mikailov 1958);
Northeast Atlantic (Lozano et al. 2001); Northwest Pacific, Japan (Yamaguti 1934a);
South Pacific (Nahhas et al. 1997).
Host. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (golden grey mullet), Liza ramada (Risso, 1826)
(thinlip grey mullet), Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) (leaping mullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Hemiuroidea Looss, 1899
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[Syn. Didymozooidea Poche, 1907; Accacoelioidea Odhner, 1911; Isoparorchioidea
Travassos, 1922]
Family Accacoeliidae Odhner, 1911
Genus Accacladocoelium Odhner, 1928
[Syn. Guschanskiana Skrjabin, 1959]
Accacladocoelium macrocotyle (Diesing, 1858)
Synonyms. Distoma macrocotyle Diesing, 1858; Podocotyle macrocotyle (Diesing) of
Stossich, 1896.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich, 1896; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis &
Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); East Atlantic (Gaevskaya 2002a); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson
1977); Southeast Pacific (Luque & Oliva 1993).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Accacladocoelium petasiporum Odhner, 1928
Synonym. Distoma calyptrocotyle Monticelli of Odhner, 1911.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); East Atlantic (Gaevskaya 2002a); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson
1977).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Accacoelium Monticelli, 1893
Accacoelium contortum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma contortum Rudolphi, 1819; Podocotyle contortum (Rudolphi
1819) Stossich, 1898.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich, 1898; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Ortis &
Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997);
Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1977; Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic
(Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
Site of infection. Gills.
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Genus Odhnerium Yamaguti, 1934
[Syn. Mneiodhneria Dollfus, 1935
Caballeriana Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1959]
Odhnerium calyptocotyle (Monticelli, 1893)
Synonyms. Distoma nigroflavum Rudolphi of Olsson, 1868; Distoma calyptrocotyle
Monticelli, 1893; Orophocotyle calyptrocotyle (Monticelli, 1893) Looss, 1902;
Accacoelium calyptrocotyle (Monticelli, 1893) Stiles & Hassall, 1908; Mneiodhneria
calyptrocotyle (Monticelli, 1893) Dollfus, 1935; Distoma foliatum Linton, 1898;
Orophocotyle foliatum (Linton) Looss, 1902.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss, 1902; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli, 1893; Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1977); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al.
2005); Southwest Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Orophocotyle Looss, 1902
Orophocotyle divergens Looss, 1902
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1902b; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) (slender sunfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Orophocotyle planci (Stossich, 1899)
Synonym. Podocotyle planci Stossich, 1899.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1899a; Looss 1902b; Bona et al. 1995b;
Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Pacific Ocean (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) (slender sunfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Rhynchopharynx Odhner, 1928
Rhynchopharynx paradoxa Odhner, 1928
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Odhner 1928; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Southwest Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
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Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Tetrochetus Looss, 1912
[Syn. Paratetrochetus Hanson, 1955]
Tetrochetus raynerii (Nardo, 1833)
Synonyms. Distoma raynerium Nardo, 1833; Distomum raynerianum Nardo, 1833 of
Diesing, 1850; Accacoelium raynerianum (Nardo) Lühe, 1901; Tetrochetus
raynerianus (Nardo) of Dollfus, 1935, and Fukui & Ogata, 1935.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Nardo 1833; Looss 1912; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Parona 1902; Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1977).
Host. Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810 (luvar).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Derogenidae Nicoll, 1910
[Syn. Halipegidae Poche, 1926
Liocercidae Ejsmont, 1931
Arnolidae Yamaguti, 1958]
Genus Arnola Strand, 1942
[Syn. Arnoldia Vlasenko, 1931]
Arnola microcirrus (Vlasenko, 1931)
Synonym. Arnoldia microcirrus Vlasenko, 1931.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Gibson 2002).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean:
Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931); East
Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Genus Derogenes Lühe, 1900
[Syn. Liopyge Looss, 1899
Liocerca Looss, 1902]
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Derogenes adriaticus Nikolaeva, 1966
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Nikolaeva 1966; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Nikolaeva 1966; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ortis
& Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Kostadinova & Gibson 2009);
Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1996; 1997).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Derogenes affine (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Distoma affine Rudolphi, 1819.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Le Pommelet et al. 1997; Paradižnik 2007;
Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska
1953; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković
et al. 1989).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Nikolaeva 1966; Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997);
Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest Mediterranean:
Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 1991; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009), Gulf of
Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran
Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al.
2009), Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a).
Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras), Mullus barbatus
Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (poor cod).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Derogenes minor Looss, 1901
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758 (brown wrasse).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Derogenes ruber Lühe, 1900
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Lühe 1900), Central (Sey 1968).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005).
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Host. Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758 (piper gurnard).
Site of infection. Gall blladder.
Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784)
Synonym. Fasciola varicus Müller, 1784.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008; Klimpel et al. 2008), Ligurian Sea (Klimpel et al. 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001);
Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009); Northeast Atlantic
(Nicoll 1914; Manter 1954; Bray 1973; Køie 1988; Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Bristow
& Berland 1991; Hemmingsen et al. 1991; Williams et al. 1992; Kristmundsson &
Helgason 2007; Klimpel et al. 2008); Northwest Atlantic (Scott 1988; Bouillon &
Dempson 1989; Scott & Bray 1989; Wierzbicka 1991a; 1991b; Landry et al. 1992),
Southwest Atlantic (Gaevskaya et al. 1990); Arctic Ocean (Mitenev et al. 1991);
Antarctic Ocean (Zdzitowiecki 1988); Pacific Ocean (Manter 1954; Korotaeva 1990);
Northern Pacific (Kabata et al. 1988; Stanley et al. 1992); Western Pacific (Shen
1989; 1990b; Li et al. 1989), Southwest Pacific (Margolis & Boyce 1990); Northwest
Pacific (Nagasawa et al. 1987); Cosmopolitan (Sey 1968).
Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Didymozoidae Monticelli, 1888
[Syn. Koellikeriadae MacCallum & MacCallum, 1915
Didymozooidae Ishii, 1935
Koellikereiidae Ishii, 1935
Didymodiclinidae Pozdnyahkov, 1993]
Genus Didymocylindrus Ishii, 1935
[Syn. Didymoproblema Ishii, 1935
Allodidymozoon Yamaguti, 1959]
Didymocylindrus filiformis Ishii, 1935
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northeast Pacific (Ishii 1935); Northwest Pacific (Ishii 1935); South
Pacific (Lester 1990); Indian Ocean (Mordvinova & Nikolaeva 1990).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
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Genus Didymocystis Ariola, 1902
[Syn. Coeliodidymocystis Yamaguti, 1970
Didymocystoides Yamaguti, 1970
Lagenocystis Yamaguti, 197
Univitellodidymocystis Yamaguti, 1970]
Didymocystis abdominalis Yamaguti, 1938
Synonym. Coeliodidymocystis abdominalis (Yamaguti, 1938).
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*;
Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northwest Pacific, Japan (Yamaguti 1938b), off Chinese coast (Shen
1990a); East Pacific (Yamaguti 1954).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Pyloric caeca, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymocystis bifasciatus (Yamaguti, 1970)
Synonym. Didymocystoides bifasciatus Yamaguti, 1970.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Indian Ocean (Mordvinova & Nikolaeva 1990; Hanumantha et al. 1993;
Murugesh & Madhavi 1995).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymocystis oesophagicola (Yamaguti, 1970)
Synonym. Didymocystoides oesophagicola Yamaguti, 1970.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*).
Distribution. Indian Ocean (Murugesh & Madhavi 1995).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymocystis pectoralis (Yamaguti, 1970)
Synonym. Didymocystoides pectoralis Yamaguti, 1970.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Indian Ocean (Mordvinova & Nikolaeva 1990).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
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Didymocystis pinnicola (Yamaguti, 1970)
Synonym. Didymocystoides pinnicola Yamaguti, 1970.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Indian Ocean (Murugesh & Madhavi 1995).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymocystis semiglobularis (Ishii, 1935)
Synonym. Didymocystoides semiglobularis Ischii, 1935.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northwest Pacific (Momoyama & Kobayashi 2004); Indian Ocean
(Mordvinova & Nikolaeva 1990).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymocystis thynni (Taschenberg, 1879)
Synonym. Didymocystis reniformis (Ariola, 1902).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central
(Bona et al. 1995b; Mladineo 2006b*).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Gills.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Genus Didymosulcus Pozdnyakov, 1990
Didymosulcus irregularis (Yamaguti, 1970)
Synonym. Didymocystis irregularis (Yamaguti, 1970).
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Pacific Ocean (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymosulcus katsuwonicola (Okada, 1926)
Synonym. Wedlia katsuwonicola Okada, 1926.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. West Pacific (Pozdnyakov 1990).
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Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymosulcus palati (Yamaguti, 1970)
Synonym. Didymocystis palati Yamaguti, 1970
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymosulcus spirocauda (Yamaguti, 1970)
Synonym. Didymocystis spirocauda Yamaguti, 1970.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymosulcus wedli (Ariola, 1902) (species inquirenda)
Synonyms. Didymocystis wedli Ariola, 1902; Didymozoon thynni Taschenberg, 1879
of Braun 1879-93; Didymocystis kabayashii Dollfus, 1926; Wedlia katsuwonicola
Okada, 1926.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*;
Mladineo et al. 2008*), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Tyrrhenian Sea
(Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); East Pacific (Yamaguti 1953); Nortwest
Pacific (Momoyama & Kobayashi 2004); West Pacific (Shen 1990a).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Gills, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Genus Didymozoon Taschenberg, 1879
[Syn. Didymozoum Ishii, 1935]
Didymozoon longicolle (Ishii, 1935)
Synonym. Didymozoum longicolle Ischii, 1935.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*).
Distribution. Northwest Pacific, Japan (Ishii 1935); Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Ishii
1935).
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Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Didymozoon pretiosum Ariola, 1902
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean (Mariniello et al. 2000), Ionian Sea (Ortis & Paggi
2008), Tyrrhenian Sea (Ariola 1902; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Gills.
Didymozoon taenioides Monticelli, 1883 (species inquirenda)
Synonyms. Monostoma molae Rudolphi, 1819, in part; Didymozoum taenioides
Monticelli of Ishii 1935; Nematobothrium (Didymozoon) taenioides Monticelli of
Maclaren, 1904.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b), Ligurian
Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Dawes 1960).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
Site of infection. In dorsal muscle.
Genus Koellikerioides Yamaguti, 1970
Koellikerioides apicalis Yamaguti, 1970
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*;
Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970); Indian Ocean (Gibson et al.
2005).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Cartilage of gill arch, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Koellikerioides internogastricus Yamaguti, 1970
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*;
Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970); Indian Ocean (Gibson et al.
2005).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Mucosa of stomach wall, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
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Koellikerioides intestinalis Yamaguti, 1970
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*;
Mladineo et al. 2008*; Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1970); Indian Ocean (Gibson et al.
2005).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Genus Nemathobothrium van Beneden, 1858
[Syn. Benedenozoum Ishii, 1935
Maclarenozoum Ishii, 1935]
Nematobothrium scombri (Taschenberg, 1879)
Synonym. Didymozoon scombri Taschenberg, 1879.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Italian coast (Parona & Perugia 1892; Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997),
Tyrrhenian Sea (Taschenberg 1879; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian
Sea (Taschenberg 1879; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea
(Grau et al. 1999); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Gibson et al. 2005); Northeast Atlantic
(Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Pacific (Ishii
1935).
Host. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus
Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel).
Site of infection. Gills.
Genus Oesophagocystis Yamaguti, 1970
Oesophagocystis dissimilis (Yamaguti, 1938)
Synonym. Didymocystis dissimilis Yamaguti, 1938.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2008*).
Distribution. Northeast Pacific, Hawaii (Yamaguti 1938b); South Pacific (Lester
1990); South China Sea (Shen & Li 2000); Indian Ocean (Murugesh & Madhavi 1995).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Genus Platocystis Yamaguti, 1938
[Syn. Dermatodidymocystis Yamaguti, 1970]
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Platocystis alalongae Yamaguti, 1938
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo & Tudor 2004*; Mladineo 2006a*; 2006b*;
Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Northeast Pacific, Japan
(Yamaguti 1938b).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Skin, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Genus Wedlia Cobbold, 1860
Wedlia bipartita (Wedl, 1855)
Synonym. Monostomum bipartitum Wedl, 1855.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central
(Mladineo et al. 2011*), South (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean (Mariniello et al. 2000), Ionian Sea (Ortis & Paggi
2008), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Balearic Sea (Grau et
al. 1999); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Nortwest Pacific (Ishii 1935).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Wedlia globosa Ishii, 1935
Synonym. Koellikeria globosa Ishii, 1935.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Northwest Pacific (Ishii 1935).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Wedlia reniformis (Ishii, 1935)
Synonym. Koellikeria reniformis Ishii, 1935.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo et al. 2011*).
Distribution. Nortwest Pacific (Ishii 1935).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Tissue of host, encysted.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Family Hemiuridae Looss, 1899
[Syn. Lecithochiriidae Lühe, 1901
Dinuridae Looss, 1907
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Bunocotylidae Dollfus, 1950
Elytrophaliidae Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1954
Biporidae Malhotra, Nanda, Mukherjee, Ghosh, Sukul & Capoor, 1989]
Genus Aphanurus Looss, 1907
[Syn. Chauchanurus Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1954
Helaphanurus Slusarski, 1957
Minutocauda Srivastava & Sahai, 1977
Neoaphanurus Tang, Shi & Pan in Tang, Shi, Cao, Guan & Pan, 1983]
Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)
Synonyms. Distomum ocreatus Monticelli, 1887; Distomum ocreatus Stossich, 1888;
Apoblema stossichi Monticelli, 1891; Hemiurus stossichi (Monticelli) of Lühe, 1901;
Aphanurus virgula Looss, 1907; Aphanurus balticus Slusarski, 1958.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1907; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik &
Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
1998a); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea
(Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest
Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Marzoug et al. 2012), Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben
Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal
1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès & Combes 1992a; 1992b); Black Sea (Dimitrov
1991); Northeast Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989; Lozano et al. 2001);
Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal (Bashirullah 1973; D’Silva et al. 2012); West Pacific
(Wang 1982).
Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
(common pandora), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard),
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Brachyphallus Odhner, 1905
Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi, 1802)
Synonyms. Fasciola crenatus Rudolphi, 1802; Distoma crenatum (Rudolphi)
Rudolphi, 1809; Distoma appendiculatum (Rudolphi) of Rudolphi (1819) in part;
Distoma ventricosum Rudolphi of Wagener (1860) in part; Distoma ocreatum Molin of
Olsson (1868) in part; Distoma tectum von Linstow, 1873; Distomum tectum von
Linstow, 1873; Apoblema appendiculatum (Rudolphi) of Monticelli (1891) in part;
Hemiurus crenatus (Rudolphi) Lühe, 1901; Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi) of
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Stafford (1904) in part; Brachyphallus affinis Looss, 1908; Brachyphallus amuriensis
Babaskin, 1928.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Hemmingsen et al. 1991; Williams et al. 1992;
O'Connell & Fives 1995; Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999; Klimpel et al.
2003); Baltic Sea (Sulgostowska 1993; Reimer & Walter 1993; Reimer 1995; Zander et
al. 1999; 2000; Szostakowska & Sulgostowska 2001); Northwest Atlantic (Landry et al.
1992; Hogans et al. 1993); Southwest Atlantic (Gaevskaya et al. 1990; Bray 1995);
Arctic Ocean (Grosdilova 1989); North Pacific (Kabata et al. 1988); Northwest Pacific
(Machida & Araki 1992; 1994; Shvetsova 1994a).
Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Genus Ectenurus Looss, 1907
[Syn. Magnacetabulum Yamaguti, 1934
Clupenurus Srivastava, 1935
Parectenurus Manter, 1947
Prosterrhurus Fischthal & Kuntz, 1963]
Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907
Synonyms. Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907; Ectenurus trachuri Nikolaeva & Kovaleva,
1966 nec (Yamaguti, 1934); Ectenurus virgulus (Linton de Parukhin et al., 1971).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1907; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 1991a;
2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska
1953; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković
et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
1997; 1998b; 2000a); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Mazza 1963), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b),
Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001);
Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean
(Fischtal 1980; 1982; Saad-Farès 1985); Mediterranean (Nikolaeva & Kovaleva 1966;
Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931; Butskaya 1952;
Pogorel’tseva 1952a; Marinov & Golemansky 1989); Northwest Atlantic (Gibson &
Bray 1986; Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Pacific (Liu 1997).
Host. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel),
Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Hemiurus Rudolphi, 1809
[Syn. Apoblema Dujardin, 1845
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Pronopyge Looss, 1899
Metahemiurus Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1954]
Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi, 1802)
Synonyms. Fasciola appendiculata Rudolphi, 1802; Distoma appendiculatum
Rudolphi, 1808; Distoma ventricosum Wagener, 1860.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007;
Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea
drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution.
Mediterranean
(Naidenova
&
Mordvinova
1997);
Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian
Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia
et al. 1998b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); East
Mediterranean (Fischthal, 1980); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Dimitrov 1991; Gaevskaya
& Solonchenko 1997); Northeast Atlantic (Bray 1973); Northwest Atlantic (Hogans et
al. 1993).
Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad)*, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum,
1792) (European pilchard).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. * As anadromous fish, the twaite shad was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Hemiurus communis Odhner, 1905
Synonyms. Distoma appendiculatum of Olsson, 1868; Distoma appendiculatum of
Johnstone, 1868.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paradižnik 2007), Central (Jardas & Hristovski 1985;
Hristovski & Jardas 1991).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
1998a); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Figus et al. 2005; Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Grau et
al. 1999; Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Anato et al. 1991; Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a;
Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Gibson & Bray 1986; Matthews &
Matthews 1988; O'Connell & Fives 1995; Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999;
Klimpel et al. 2003); East Atlantic (Paniagua & Vilas 2001); Baltic Sea (Reimer 1995;
Zander 2003); European inland waters: Denmark (Køie 1988; Borgsteede et al. 1999).
Host. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Hemiurus luehei Odhner, 1905
Synonyms. Hemiurus ocreatus (Rudolphi,1802); Hemiurus stossichi Lühe,1901;
Hemiurus rugosus Looss, 1907.
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1907; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik &
Radujković 2007b), Central (Sey 1968; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Gibson
& Bray 1986; Køie 1990; 2000; Bristow & Berland 1991; Williams et al. 1992;
Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999; Lozano et al. 2001; Gaevskaya 2002b);
Baltic Sea (Reimer 1995; Szostakowska & Sulgostowska 2001; Zander & 2002).
Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum,
1792) (European pilchard).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Lecithochirium Lühe, 1901
[Syn. Sterrhurus Looss, 1907
Ceratotrema Jones, 1933
Jajonetta Jones, 1933
Separogermiductes Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1955
Magniscyphus Reid, Coil & Kuntz, 1965
Neohysterolecitha Ahmad, 1977]
Lecithochirium conviva Lühe, 1901
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Janiszewska 1953).
Distribution. Southwest Pacific (Manter 1954).
Host. Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 (snake blenny).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma grandiporum Rudolphi, 1819; Distomum rufoviride Rudolphi of
Prenant (1886); Sterrhurus fusiformis (Lühe, 1901) Looss, 1907; Lecithochirium
gravidum Looss of Baylis (1928, 1939); Lecithochirium fusiforme Lühe, 1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Parona 1902; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia
(Culurgioni et al. 2006); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b),
Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson & Bray 1986; Matthews
& Matthews 1988; Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Lozano et al. 2001); East Atlantic
(Paniagua & Vilas 2001; Vilas et al. 2002; 2003); West Atlantic: Caribbean Sea (Dyer
et al. 1992).
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Host. Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809) (bandtooth conger), Conger conger
(Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) (thinlip
conger), Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758 (Mediterranean moray).
Site of infection. Intestine, Stomach.
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
Synonyms. Sterrhurus musculus Looss, 1907; Brachyphallus musculus (Looss, 1907);
Brachicephallus musculus Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1955; Lecitochirium branchialis
Stunkard & Nigrelli in Nikolaeva, 1966; Lecitochirium floridensis Naidenova, 1974;
Lecithochirium israelense Fischthal, 1980.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1907; Paradižnik 1989; 2007; Bona et al.
1995b; Berrilli et al. 2000; Di Cave et al. 2001; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b;
Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas
1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković
et al. 1989).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Dollfus 1962; Orrechia & Paggi 1978); Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Brinkmann 1967; Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Kennedy et al. 1997; Paggi et al.
1998; Berrilli et al. 2000; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica
(Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2005; 2009), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et
al. 2012a; 2012b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean:
Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal
1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985); Black Sea (Naidenova 1974; Tepe et al.
2014); Northeast Atlantic (Gibson & Bray 1986; Lozano et al. 2001); East Atlantic
(Paniagua & Vilas 2001; Vilas et al. 2003).
Host. Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809) (bandtooth conger), Arnoglossus
laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish), Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758
(Mediterranean sand smelt), Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder),
Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789
(red-mouthed goby), Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758 (snake blenny), Scomber
scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel), Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
(brown comber), Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Symphodus
tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse), Trachurus trachurus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Lecithochirium physcon Lühe, 1901
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Lühe 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 (angler).
Site of infection. Stomach.
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Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distomum rufoviride Rudolphi, 1819; Hemiurus rufoviride (Rudolphi) of
Looss, 1899; Distomum ocreatum Molin of Johnstone, 1907.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central
(Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi
2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2006); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et
al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian
coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Black Sea (Zernov 1913); Northeast Atlantic (Matthews &
Matthews 1988; Køie 1990; 2000; Treasurer 1997; Lozano et al. 2001; Álvarez et al.
2002); East Atlantic (Paniagua & Vilas 2001; Vilas et al. 2002).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel), Ariosoma balearicum
(Delaroche, 1809) (bandtooth conger), Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted
flounder), Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger), Diplodus
annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy SaintHilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758
(snake blenny), Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814) (rusty blenny),
Parablennius tentacularis (Brünnich, 1768) (tentacled blenny).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Lecithocladium Lühe, 1901
[Syn. Magnapharyngium Bilqees, 1971
Clefticolletta Sahai & Srivastava, 1978
Cleftocolleta Sahai & Srivastava, 1978
Colletostomum Sahai & Srivastava, 1978
Bengalotrema Malhotra, Nanda, Mukherjee, Ghosh, Sukul & Capoor, 1989]
Lecithocladium cristatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Distoma cristatum Rudolphi, 1819.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Southeast Pacific (Luque & Oliva 1993).
Host. Stromateus fiatola Linnaeus, 1758 (blue butterfish).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Distomum excisum Rudolphi, 1819.
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008),
South (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution.
Mediterranean
(Naidenova
&
Mordvinova
1997);
Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian
Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Carbonell et al. 1999;
Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010; Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran Sea (Lozano et
al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009),
Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Libya (Al-Bassel &
Hussein 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Zernov
1913; Dimitrov 1991); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray 1973; Vassiliades 1985;
Palm et al. 1999; Lozano et al. 2001); Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal (Bashirullah
1973); West Pacific (Wang 1982; Shen 1989).
Host. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel).
Site of infection. Stomach, intestine.
Genus Saturnius Manter, 1969
Saturnius papernai Overstreet, 1977
Synonym. Bunocotyle constrictus Domnich & Sarabaeev, 1999.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Di Cave et
al. 1997; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia
(Merella & Garippa 1998; 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et
al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Overstreet 1977); Black Sea (Dimitrov et
al. 1998; Pronkina 2001; Dmitrieva & Gaevskaya 2001); Azov Sea (Domnich &
Sarabeev 2000a; Sarabeev & Domnich 2000).
Host. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) (thinlip grey mullet).
Site of infection. Embedded between the grinding stomach lining and the layer of
glandular cells.
Genus Synaptobothrium von Linstow, 1904
Synaptobothrium caudiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma caudiporum Rudolphi, 1819; Synaptobothrium copulans von
Linstow, 1904.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution.
Mediterranean
(Naidenova
&
Mordvinova
1997);
Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica
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(Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Black Sea (Kovaleva 1965);
Atlantic (Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Gibson &
Bray 1986; Lozano et al. 2001).
Host. Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Family Lecithasteridae Odhner, 1905
[Syn. Lobatovitelliovariidae Yamaguti, 1965]
Genus Aponurus Looss, 1907
[Syn. Brachadena Linton, 1910
Mordvilkoviaster Pigulewsky,1938
Bilqeesotrema Gupta & Jain, 1991]
Aponurus laguncula Looss, 1907
Synonym. Aponurus waltairensis Hussain, Rao & Shyamasundari, 1984.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss, 1907; Le Pommelet et al. 1997; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution.
Mediterranean
(Naidenova
&
Mordvinova
1997);
Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian
Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Figus et al. 2005; Ortis & Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Corsica (Bartoli et
al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & MacKenzie
1990); Southwest Atlantic (Pereira et al. 2000); East Pacific (Leon-Regagnon et al.
1997); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Kuramochi 2000); Persian Gulf (Nahhas & Sey
2002).
Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish).
Site of infection. Stomach, intestine occasionally.
Genus Lecithaster Lühe, 1901
Lecithaster atherinae Orecchia, Paggi & Radujković, 1988
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik &
Radujković 2007a; 2007b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 (big-scale sand smelt), Atherina hepsetus
Linnaeus, 1758 (Mediterranean sand smelt), Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
(brown comber).
Site of infection. Intestine.
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Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski & Jardas
1991; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution.
Mediterranean
(Naidenova
&
Mordvinova
1997);
Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian
Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Orecchia et al. 1998b; Paggi et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi
2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Marzoug et al. 2012); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Azov Sea (Domnich & Sarabeev 2000a);
Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999); Baltic Sea (Reimer 1995; Zander & Reimer
2002; Zander 2003); Northwest Atlantic (Reimer 1987; Hogans et al. 1993); West
Atlantic (Simick & Underwood 1996).
Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Myctophum punctatum
Rafinesque, 1810 (spotted lanternfish), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic
mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802)
Synonym. Fasciola gibbosus Rudolphi, 1802.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey
1970; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b);
Mediterranean (Naidenova & Mordvinova 1997); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914;
Molloy et al. 1993; Siddall et al. 1994; Groenewold et al. 1996; Olafsdottir 1997; ElDarsh et al. 1999b; Palm et al. 1999; Eydal & Ólafsdóttir 2003); Baltic Sea (Zander
2003); Northwest Atlantic (Zubchenko 1985; Arthur & Albert 1994; Arthur et al. 1995;
Moran et al. 1996; Khan 1999; Bakay & Bakay 2002); Arctic Ocean (Grosdilova 1989;
Wierzbicka 1992; Didenko 1994; Karasaev et al. 1996); Northeast Pacific (Gibson
1996; Wierzbicka & Piasecki 1998; Urawa & Kaeriyama 1999; Baldwin 2011); North
Pacific (Blaylock et al. 1998); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Araki 1992; 1994;
Didenko 1994).
Host. Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard), Scomber japonicus
Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) (painted comber),
Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (grey wrasse), Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758
(John dory).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Lecithaster stellatus Looss, 1906
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1906; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008)
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli & Boudouresque 1997; Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica
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(Bartoli et al. 2000b; 2005b); Northwest Pacific: coast of Japan (Machida & Kuramochi
2000); Southwest Pacific (Barker et al. 1994; Anderson & Barker 1998).
Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex), Spicara maena (Linnaeus,
1758) (blotched picarel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Ptychogonimidae Dollfus, 1937
Genus Ptychogonimus Lühe, 1900
Ptychogonimus megastomus (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma megastomum Rudolphi, 1819; Distomum soccus Molin, 1858;
Distoma lymphaticum von Linstow, 1903; Cercaria dentalii Pelsneer, 1906.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al.1995; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Gibson & Bray 1977; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian
Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Vassiliades 1985);
Northwest Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); South Pacific (Shvetsova 1994b).
Host. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark), Mustelus mustelus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Family Sclerodistomidae Odhner, 1927
[Syn. Bhaleraoiidae Srivastava, 1948
Mabiaramidae Teixeira de Freitas & Kohn, 1967]
Genus Kenmackenzia Gibson, 1983
Kenmackenzia gigas (Nardo, 1827)
Synonym. Distoma gigas Nardo, 1827.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Nardo 1827; 1833; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli 1893; Parona 1902),
Ligurian Sea (Setti 1894); Northeast Atlantic (Monticelli 1889b; Blanchard 1891).
Host. Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810 (luvar).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Genus Sclerodistomum Looss, 1912
[Syn. Mabiarama Teixeira de Freitas & Kohn, 1967]
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Sclerodistomum italicum (Stossich, 1893)
Synonym. Distomum italicum Stossich, 1893.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1893; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Vassiliades 1985); Southeast Atlantic (Fischthal
1972).
Host. Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758) (leerfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Lepocreadioidea Odhner, 1905
Family Aephnidiogenidae Yamaguti, 1934
Genus Holorchis Stossich, 1901
Holorchis micracanthum (Stossich, 1888)
Synonym. Distomum micracanthum Stossich, 1888.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1888; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica
(Bartoli & Bray 1996; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast
(Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a).
Host. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Holorchis pycnoporus Stossich, 1901
Synonyms. Holorchis ioannoui Brinkmann, 1967.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1901; Dollfus 1946a; 1948; Bona et al.
1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008;
Klimpel et al. 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia
et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 2000a); Central
Mediterranean (Brinkmann 1967; Paggi & Orecchia 1974; Orecchia & Paggi 1974),
Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean:
Gulf of Lion (Bartoli & Prévot 1978; Bartoli & Boudouresque 1997; Sasal et al. 1999),
Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 1996; Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al.
2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès
1985); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1997); Southeast Atlantic (Bray 1985).
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Host. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (sand steenbras), Pagellus erythrinus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (common pandora), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European
pilchard).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Deropristidae Cable & Hunninen, 1942
[Syn. Pristicolinae Yamaguti, 1938]
Genus Deropristis Odhner, 1902
Deropristis hispida (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma hispida Abildgaard in Rudolphi, 1819; Echinostoma hispida of
van Beneden, 1870, nec Cobbold, 1858.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Ninni 1900; Odhner 1902b; Bona et
al. 1995b), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Black Sea (Bauer et al. 2002); Azov Sea (Bauer et al. 2002); Northeast
Atlantic (van Beneden 1870); Northwest Atlantic (Choudhury & Dick 1998); Russian
inland waters (Schulman 1954).
Host. Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 (sturgeon).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Deropristis inflata (Molin, 1859)
Synonyms. Distomum inflatum Molin, 1859; Echinostomum hispida van Beneden,
1870.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1859; Stossich 1886; Bona et al. 1995b;
Berrilli et al. 2000; Di Cave et al. 2001; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1968; 1970;
Bona et al. 1995b; Berrilli et al. 2000), South (Ergens, 1960; Orecchia et al. 1988;
Radujković et al. 1989; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Altunel 1990); Central
Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b), Italian coast (Molin 1859; Parona
1887; Paggi et al. 1979), Tyrrhenian Sea (Berrilli et al. 2000; Bona et al. 1995b; Paggi
et al. 1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Culurgioni et al. 2010); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Maillard 1976), Corsica (Caillot et al. 1999; Ternengo et
al. 2005), Balearic Sea (Maíllo et al. 2005), Alboran Sea (Outeiral et al. 2001);
Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Nabil et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et
al. 2012); Southeast Mediterranean: Egypt (Choudhury & Dick 1998); Black Sea
(Zernov 1913); Northeast Atlantic (Køie 1988; Kennedy 1993; 1997; 2000; Mo &
Sterud 1998; Borgsteede et al. 1999; Palm et al. 1999; Sterud 1999; Lozano et al.
2001; Outeiral et al. 2001; Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007); Baltic Sea (Markowski
1933; Sulgostowska 1993; Orecka-Grabda & Wierzbicka 1994; Reimer 1995; 2003;
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Zander & Reimer 2002); Nortwest Atlantic (Margolis & Arthur 1979; Choudhury & Dick
1998).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929
[Syn. Dissotrematidae Goto & Matsudaira, 1918
Robphildollfusiidae Paggi & Orecchia, 1963]
Genus Robphilodollfusium Paggi & Orecchia, 1963
Robphilodollfusium fractum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distomum fractum (Rudolphi, 1819); Podocotyle fractum (Rudolphi, 1819).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1888; Bona et al. 1995b;
Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Italian coast
(Paggi & Orecchia 1963); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Timon-David 1937),
Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea (Lozano
et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al.
2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980);
Northeast Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989; Lozano et al. 2001; Hall &
Cribb 2005).
Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) (salema).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Lepidapedidae Yamaguti, 1958
Genus Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904
[Syn. Lepodora Odhner, 1905]
Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour, 1908)
Synonym. Lepidapedon microcotyleum Odhner in Dollfus, 1953.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski &
Jardas 1991).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Akmirza 1997); Mediterranean
(Bray & Gibson 1995); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008);
Black Sea (Gaevskaya 1990); Atlantic Ocean (Bray 1995; Bray & Gibson 1995;
Hemmingsen & MacKenzie 2001); Northeast Atlantic (Bray 1973; Bray & des Clers
1992; Bray & Gibson 1995; 1997; Bray et al. 1999; Palm et al. 1999); Baltic Sea
(Reimer & Walter 1993; Reimer 1995); Northwest Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1995;
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Gaevskaya 1996a; Khan 1999); Southeast Atlantic (Bray 1995); Indian Ocean: Arabian
Sea (Bilqees 1995); Southwest Indian Ocean (Bray 1995; Bray & Gibson 1995);
Northwest Pacific: Japan (Machida & Araki 1994); Arctic Ocean (Karasaev et al.
1996).
Host. Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808) (thickback sole), Spicara maena
(Linnaeus, 1758) (blotched picarel), Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. This species is considered as parasite of cod according to Bray & Gibson
(1995).
Family Lepocreadiidae Odhner, 1905
Genus Dihemistephanus Looss, 1901
Dihemistephanus lydiae (Stossich, 1896)
Synonyms. Echinostoma lydiae Stossich, 1896; Stephanostomum lydiae (Stossich) of
Looss, 1899.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1896: Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Lion (Dollfus 1946a); Northeast
Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1997); Southwest Pacific, New Zeland (Manter 1960).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Lepocreadium Stossich, 1904
Lepocreadium album (Stossich, 1890)
Synonyms. Distomum album Stossich, 1890; Allocreadium album Stossich, 1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890a; 1891; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik
2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970;
Bona et al. 1995b), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
1998a; 2000a; 2001); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Paggi & Orecchia 1976;
Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al.
2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri
Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980; 1982),
Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès 1985; Saad-Farès & Maillard 1990; Saad-Farès &
Combes 1992b); Northeast Atlantic (Saad-Farès 1985).
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Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus sargus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream), Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758) (black
seabream).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Lepocreadium pegorchis (Stossich, 1901)
Synonym. Allocreadium pegorchis Stossich, 1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008), Sardinia (Mariniello et al. 2000); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion
(Bartoli 1966; 1967; 1983; 1987), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer
et al. 1990); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al.
2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980),
Lebanon coast (Saad-Farès & Maillard 1990; Saad-Farès & Combes 1992a; 1992b).
Host. Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Opechona Looss, 1907
[Syn. Neopechona Stunkard, 1969
Pharyngora Lebour, 1908]
Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859)
Synonyms. Distomum bacillare Molin, 1859; Distomum (Dicrocoelium) bacillare
(Molin, 1859) Stossich, 1886; Distomum increscens Olsson, pro parte 1868;
Pharyngora bacillaris (Molin, 1859) Lebour, 1908; Pharyngora retractilis Lebour, 1908.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1859; Stossich 1887; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis
& Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Jardas & Hristovski 1985;
Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution.
Mediterranean
(Naidenova
&
Mordvinova
1997);
Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 1998b); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008): Southwest
Mediteranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast
(Fischthal 1980); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray & Gibson 1990; 1997;
Karlsbakk et al. 1994); Indian Ocean (Bray 1995; Bray & Gibson 1990).
Host. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) (rudderfish), Scomber japonicus Houttuyn,
1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Prodistomum Linton, 1910
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[Syn. Acanthocolpoides Travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim, 1965]
Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930)
Synonyms. Pharyngora orientalis Layman, 1930; Opechona orientalis (Layman, 1930)
Ward & Fillingham, 1934; Opechona orientalis (Layman, 1930) Yamaguti, 1934;
Lepocreadium scombri (Yamaguti, 1938); Opechona scombri Yamaguti, 1938;
Lepocreadium retrusum Linton, 1940; Neolepidapedon retrusum (Linton, 1940)
Sogandares-Bernal & Hutton, 1960; Acanthocolpoides pauloi Travassos & Teixeira de
Freitas, 1965; Prodistomum pauloi (Travassos & Teixeira de Freitas, 1965);
Lepocreadium ghanense Fischthal & Thomas, 1970; Acanthocolpoides guevarai
Lopez-Roman, 1979; Acanthocolpoides israelensis Fischthal, 1980; Prodistomum
israelensis (Fischthal, 1980); Lepocreadium puriense Gupta & Gupta, 1987.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Southwest
Mediteranean: Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast
(Fischthal 1980); Southeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1990; Bray & Cribb 1996);
Northwest Atlantic (Linton 1940; Sogandares-Bernal & Hutton 1960); North Pacific
(Layman 1930; Yamaguti 1938b; 1939; 1940); Northwest Pacific (Bray & Gibson 1990;
Bray & Cribb 1996); East Pacific (Bray & Gibson 1990; Southeast Pacific (Manter
1940).
Host. Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet, 1824) (three-bearded rockling), Scomber
japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub mackerel), Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758
(Atlantic mackerel), Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758) (blotched picarel), Spicara
smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel), Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. Janiszewska (1953) reported this species from scombrids. Sey (1970)
reported this species (as Neolepidapedon retrusum (Linton, 1940)) from other
mentioned hosts.
Prodistomum polonii (Molin, 1859)
Synonims. Distomum polonii Molin, 1859; Distomum (Echinostomum) polonii (Molin,
1859) Stossich, 1886; Pharyngora polonii (Molin, 1859) Odhner, 1911; Opechona
polonii (Molin, 1859) Odhner, 1911.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central
(Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea
(Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b);
Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Black Sea (Bray & Gibson 1990; Bray &
Cribb 1996); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1997).
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Host. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel),
Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Microphalloidea Ward, 1901
Family Faustulidae Poche, 1926
[Syn. Discogasteroididae Srivastava, 1939
Discogasteroidinae Srivastava, 1939
Antorchinae Skrjabin & Koval, 1957
Antorchiinae Yamaguti, 1958
Baccigeridae Yamaguti, 1958
Baccigerinae Yamaguti, 1958
Parantorchiinae Yamaguti, 1958
Pentagramminae Yamaguti, 1958
Pseudosellacotylinae Yamaguti, 1958
Echinobrevivecinae Dronen, Blend & McEachran, 1994]
Genus Bacciger Nicoll, 1914
[Syn. (?) Ovotrema Pigulewsky, 1938]
Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma baccigerum Rudolphi, 1819; (?) Cercaria lata Lespés, 1857; (?)
Cercaria pectinata Huet, 1891; (?) Cercaria lutea (van Beneden) of Giard, 1897;
Distoma (Dicrocoelium) baccigerum (Rudolphi) Parona, 1912; Dicrocoelium
baccigerum (Rudolphi) Zernov, 1913; Baciger nicolli Palombi, 1934; Pseudobacciger
nicolli (Palombi) Yamaguti, 1971; (?) Ovotrema pontica Pigulewsky, 1938; (?)
Steringotrema (Ovotrema) ponticum (Pigulewsky) Yamaguti, 1953.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1888; 1889; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik
2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b),
South (Orecchia et al. 1988 Radujković et al. 1989; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
1997; 1998a); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Rudolphi 1819; Palombi 1934;
Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Carrere 1937; Renaud et al. 1980), Corsica
(Bartoli et al. 2005b); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Skrjabin & Koval 1957; Nikolaeva
1963; Parukhin et al. 1971; Parukhin 1976; Gaevskaya & Naidenova 1996); Caspian
Sea (Nikitina 1983); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray & Gibson 1980).
Host. Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 (big-scale sand smelt), Atherina hepsetus
Linnaeus, 1758 (Mediterranean sand smelt), Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue).
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Site of infection. Intestine.
Bacciger israelensis Fischthal, 1980
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Gaevskaya & Naidenova 1996; Gibson et al. 2005).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea
(Fernandez-Jover et al. 2010), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al.
2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980), Lebanon coast (Saad-Fares
& Combes 1992a; 1992b); Black Sea (Dimitrov & Bray 1994).
Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Pronoprymna Poche, 1926
[Syn. Orientophorus Srivastava, 1935
Pentagramma Chulkova, 1939 nec Van Duzee, 1897
Pseudopentagramma Yamaguti, 1971]
Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930)
Synonyms. Monorcheides petrowi Layman, 1930; Orientophorus petrowi (Layman,
1930); Orientophorus sayori Yamaguti, 1942; Faustula sayori Yamaguti, 1958; Baciger
petrowi Zhukov, 1960; Pentagramma petrowi Margolis & Ching, 1965;
Pseudopentagramma petrowi Yamaguti, 1971.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paradižnik 2007, Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b),
South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin (Kažić 1970;
Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. Black Sea (Naidenova 1974); Red Sea (Parukhin 1975); South Atlantic
(Parukhin 1975); Indian ocean (Madhavi 1975); North Pacific (Arthur et al. 1995);
Northeast Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005); West Pacific (Nagasawa et al. 1989).
Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad), Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
(European eel), Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (European pilchard).
Site of infection. Intestine and pyloric caeca.
Remark. As catadromous (eel) or anadromous fish (twaite shad), both host species
were infected, probably, in freshwater.
Pronoprymna ventricosum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma ventricosum Rudolphi, 1819; Pronoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi,
1819) Poche, 1926; Apoblema ventricosum (Rudolphi) Monticelli, 1893; Pronopyge
ventricosa (Rudolphi) Odhner, 1911; Distoma ocreatum (Rudolphi) of Molin (1859;
1861); Apoblema ocreatum (Rudolphi) of Monticelli (1891); Pronopyge ocreata
(Rudolphi) of Looss (1899); Distomum carolinae Stossich, 1888; Pronopyge carolinae
(Stossich) Dollfus, 1968; Pentagramma carolinae (Stossich) Koval, Paschkevitschute,
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Boschko, Kovalenko & Stavrovsky, 1973; Pentagramma symmetricum Chulkova, 1939;
Pseudopentagramma symmetricum (Chulkova) Yamaguti, 1971; Orientophorus
caspialosae Kurochkin, 1964; Pseudopentagramma caspialosae (Kurochkin)
Yamaguti, 1971.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Marzoug et al. 2012); Black
Sea (Machkevsky 1990; Machkevsky et al. 1990; Cetindag 1993; Gibson et al. 2005);
Caspian Sea (Gibson et al. 2005); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1980;
Groenewold et al. 1996; Palm et al. 1999; Lozano et al. 2001).
Host. Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (allis shad).
Site of infection. Intestine and stomach.
Family Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902
[Syn. Cephaloporidae Yamaguti, 1934
Steganodermatidae Yamaguti, 1934
Dupliciporiidae Reimer, 1985]
Genus Diphterostomum Stossich, 1903
[Syn. Diphtherostomum Stafford, 1905
Zoonogenus Nicoll, 1912
Neodiphterostomum Bilqees, Shaukat & Haseeb, 2003]
Diphterostomum betencourti (Monticelli, 1893)
Synonym. Distomum betencourti Monticelli, 1893; Pleurogenes betencourti
(Monticelli, 1893) Stossich, 1899; Distoma lutea van Beneden, 1871; Brachycoelium
luteum (van Beneden, 1871) Giard, 1897; Diphterostomum luteum (van Beneden,
1871) Stossich, 1903; Distomum (Brachycoelium) luteum (van Beneden, 1871) Giard,
1907.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1904; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (van Beneden, 1870).
Host. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark), Scyliorhinus
stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (nursehound).
Site of infection. Spiral valve.
Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)
Synonyms. Distomum brusinae Stossich, 1888; Pleurogenes brusinae Stossich, 1899;
Distoma (Brachycaecum) brusinae Barbagallo & Drago, 1903; Diphterostomum sargus
annularis Vlasenko, 1931; Diphterostomum spari Yamaguti, 1938; Diphterostomum
macrosaccum Montgomery, 1957; Diphterostomum anisotremi Nahhas & Cable, 1964;
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Diphterostomum tropicum Durio & Manter, 1968; Diphterostomum israelense Bray &
Gibson, 1986.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1888; Looss 1901; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis
& Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Bray & Gibson 1986; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008), South (Ergens 1960; Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea
(Brinkmann 1967; Papoutsoglou 1976), Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona
et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al.
1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b; Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Campos et
al. 1991; Campos & Carbonell 1994; Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Alboran Sea
(Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben
Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal
1980); Black Sea (Vlasenko 1931; Naidenova 1974; Korniychuk 1997); Northeast
Atlantic (Lozano et al. 2001); Northwest Atlantic (Salgado-Maldonado & Kennedy
1997; Salgado-Maldonado et al. 1997); Southeast Atlantic (Gaevskaya 1996b); Indian
Ocean: Persian Gulf (Sey et al. 2003); Southeast Pacific (Luque & Oliva 1993);
Southwest Pacific (Hall et al. 1999).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream), Oblada melanura
(Linnaeus, 1758) (saddled seabream), Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) (East
Atlantic peacock wrasse).
Site of infection. Intestine, pyloric caeca and rectum.
Genus Lecithostaphylus Odhner, 1911
[Syn. Manteroderma Skrjabin, 1957
Cypseluritrema Yamaguti, 1970
Steganoderma (Opisthoarchiotrema) Gupta & Sharma, 1974]
Lecithostaphylus retroflexus (Molin, 1858)
Synonym. Distomum retroflexus Molin, 1859; Steganoderma retroflexum (Molin,
1859).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1858; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008),
Central (Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976),
Dardanelles (Keser et al. 2007); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2003; 2005b); Black Sea
(Bartoli et al. 2003); Northeast Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & Lopez-Roman 1989; Lozano et
al. 2001; Bartoli et al. 2003); South Africa (Bartoli et al. 2003).
Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
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Genus Zoogonoides Odhner, 1902
Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson, 1868)
Synonyms. Distoma viviparus Olsson, 1868; Zoogonus viviparus (Olsson, 1868)
Looss, 1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Køie 1976; 2000; Quintero-Alonso et al. 1988; Rohde
1994; Siddall & Des Clers 1994; Siddall et al. 1994; Olafsdottir 1997; El-Darsh &
Whitfield 1999b; Palm et al. 1999; Eydal & Ólafsdóttir 2003; Klimpel et al. 2003),
Baltic Sea (Zander 2003); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Bray et al. 2005); Northwest
Atlantic (Scott 1975a; 1975b; Zubchenko 1980; 1985); Arctic Ocean (Mitenev et al.
1991; Lile 1998; Olafsdottir 1999); Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal (Sujatha & Madhavi
1990); Northwest Pacific (Machida & Araki 1994).
Host. Parablennius gattorugine (Linnaeus, 1758) (tompot blenny).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Zoogonus Looss, 1901
Zoogonus rubellus (Olsson, 1868)
Synonyms. Distoma rubellum Olsson, 1868; Zoogonus mirus Looss, 1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901), Central (Sey 1970).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Balearic Sea
(Campos et al. 1991; Campos & Carbonell 1994), Corsica (Jousson et al. 1999; Bartoli
et al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al.
2010; Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); Northeast Atlantic (Bray & Gibson 1986);
Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966; Bray & Gibson 1986); Northwest Atlantic (Thoney
1991; 1993); Red Sea (Bray & Gibson 1986); East Pacific (Campos et al. 1991);
Southeast Pacific (Tantalean et al. 1992; Luque & Oliva 1993; Oliva & Luque 2002).
Host. Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder), Symphodus tinca
(Linnaeus, 1758) (East Atlantic peacock wrasse).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Monorchioidea Odhner, 1911
Family Lissorchiidae Magath, 1917
[Syn. Asymphilodorinae Szidat, 1943
Asymphilodoridae Mehra, 1963]
Genus Asymphylodora Looss, 1899
[Syn. Parasymphilodora Szidat, 1943
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Orientotrema Tang, 1962]
Asymphylodora markewitschi Kulakovskaja, 1947 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper), Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea
drainage basin (Kažić 1970; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. European freshwaters: Czechoslovakia (Gibson et al. 2005), Turkey
(Oguz & Ozturk 1993), Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine (Fauna Europea 2004).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Family Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911
Genus Lasiotocus Looss, 1907
[Syn. Ancylocoelium Nicoll, 1912
Chrisomon Manter & Pritchard, 1961]
Lasiotocus mulli (Stossich, 1883)
Synonym. Distomum mulli Stossich, 1883.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Le Pommelet et
al. 1997; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b;
Ternengo et al. 2009), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a); Southwest
Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009); Indian Ocean (Madhavi
2008); Pacific Ocean (Madhavi 2008).
Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Monorchis Looss, 1902
[Syn. Bathymonorchis Bray & Gaevskaya, 1993]
Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890)
Synonyms. Distomum monorchis Stossich, 1890; Distomum tartinii Stossich, 1890;
Monorchis parvus Looss, 1902.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890a; Looss 1902c; Odhner 1911a; Bona
et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Sey 1968; Hristovski & Jardas 1983; 1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008), South (Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al.
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1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean (Timon-David 1937; Prévot &
Bartoli 1967; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); Black Sea
(Vlasenko 1931; Pogorel’tseva 1952a; Dolgikh & Naidenova 1967; Naidenova &
Gaevskaya 1978); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; Lozano et al. 2001).
Host. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (mediterranean scaldfish), Boops boops
(Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream),
Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common two-banded seabream),
Parablennius gattorugine (Linnaeus, 1758) (tompot blenny), Spicara maena (Linnaeus,
1758) (blotched picarel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Monorchis parvus Looss, 1902
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1902c; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jousson & Bartoli 2002), Corsica
(Bartoli et al. 2000a; 2005b; Jousson et al. 2000; Jousson & Bartoli 2002); Northeast
Atlantic (Bartoli et al. 2000a; 2005b).
Host. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus sargus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (white seabream).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Proctotrema Odhner, 1911
Proctotrema bacilliovatum Odhner, 1911
Synonyms. Genelopa bacilliovatum Hopkins, 1941; Lasiotocus bacilliovatum
Yamaguti, 1958.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Odhner 1911a; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza
2000b); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli & Prévot 1966; Le Pommelet et al. 1997), Corsica
(Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a); Southwest
Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009), Tunisian coast (Derbel et al.
2012); East Mediterranean (Fischthal 1980; 1982); Black Sea (Pogorel’tseva 1952a).
Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
(surmullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Opisthorchioidea Braun, 1901
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[Syn. Heterophyoidea Faust, 1929; Opistorchoidea Faust, 1929]
Family Cryptogonimidae Ward, 1917
[Syn. Siphoderidae Linton, 1910
Acanthostomidae Poche, 1926
Acanthocollaritrematidae Travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim, 1965
Isocoelidae Pan, 1984]
Genus Anisocladium Looss, 1902
[Syn. Anisogaster Looss, 1901 nec Deyrolle, 1862]
Anisocladium fallax (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distoma fallax Rudolphi, 1819; Echinostomum fallax (Rudolphi, 1819)
Cobbold, 1860; Anoiktostoma fallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899; Anisogaster
fallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1901; Anisogaster gracilis Looss, 1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1886; Looss 1901; Bona et
al. 1995b; Paradižnik 1992; 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Hristovski & Jardas 1991; Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea
(Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis
& Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Orecchia & Paggi 1978); Northwest Mediterranean:
Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al.
2001); Black Sea (Pogorel’tseva 1952a; Brinkmann 1967; Tepe et al. 2014).
Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus,
1758 (stargazer).
Site of infection. Gall bladder.
Anisocladium gracile (Looss, 1901)
Synonym. Anisogaster gracilis Looss, 1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central
(Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1970; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Northwest
Mediterranean (Bartoli & Gibson 2000; Bartoli et al. 2005b); Black Sea (Tepe et al.
2014).
Host. Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 (stargazer).
Site of infection. Posterior part of intestine.
Genus Anisocoelium Lühe, 1900
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Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Distomum capitellatum Rudolphi, 1819.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1886; Lühe 1900; Parona
1912; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 1992; 2007; Paradižnik & Radujković 2007b; Ortis
& Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Sey 1968; Hristovski & Jardas 1983; 1991;
Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), South (Orecchia et
al. 1988; Radujković et al. 1989).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Sea of Marmara (Oguz 1995b), Aegean Sea
(Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean: Italian coast (Orecchia & Paggi 1978),
Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli 1893; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea
(Willemoes-Suhm 1871; Sonsino 1890); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion
(Mathias 1934; Timon-David 1937), Corsica (Bartoli & Gibson 2000; Bartoli et al.
2005b), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Black Sea (Zernov 1913; Vlassenko 1931;
Tepe et al. 2014).
Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet), Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
(surmullet), Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 (stargazer).
Site of infection. Gall blladder, intestine.
Genus Anoikostoma Stosssich, 1899
[Syn. Ryjkovia Gaevskaya & Aljoshkina, 1985]
Anoikostoma coronatum (Wagener, 1852)
Synonyms. Distoma corvinae Stossich, 1855; Anoiktostoma aloysiae Stossich, 1885;
Anoikostoma corvinae Stossich, 1886.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1855; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Bona et
al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranenan: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b); Northwest
Meditarranean: Corsica (Holmes & Bartoli 1993; Bartoli & Gibson 1995; Bartoli et al.
2005b); Northeast Atlantic (Miller & Cribb 2008).
Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Aphallus Poche, 1926
[Syn. Santeria Bray, 1986]
Aphallus tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Distomum fuscescens Rudolphi, 1819; Distomum tubarium
1819; Acanthostomum inerme Stossich, 1905; Acanthochasmus inermis
1905; Acanthochasmus inerme (Stossich, 1905); Acanthostomum inermis
1905) Yamaguti, 1958; Distomum (Cryptogonimus) tubarium (Rudolphi,
Nicoll, 1915; Aphallus fuscescens (Rudolphi, 1819) Yamaguti, 1971.
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; 1905; Carus 1885; Bona et al. 1995b;
Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Jardas & Hristovski 1985; Hristovski
& Jardas 1991; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Lamothe-Argumedo & Ponciano-Rodriguez 1986);
Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central Mediterranean:
Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi
2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999), Balearic Sea
(Carreras-Aubets et al. 2012a), Corsica (Dollfus 1952; Bartoli & Bray 1987; Bartoli et
al. 2005b); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian coast (Brahim Tazi et al. 2009),
Tunisian coast (Derbel et al. 2012); Black Sea (Korniychuk & Gaevskaya 2004);
Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli & Bray 1987).
Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex), Dicentrarchus labrax
(Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass), Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (chub
mackerel), Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (shi drum).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Metadena Linton, 1910
[Syn. Achoerus Vlassenko, 1931
Siphoderoides Manter, 1940
Pseudosiphoderoides Yamaguti, 1958
Disacanthus Oshmarin, Mamev & Parukhin, 1961]
Metadena depressa (Stossich, 1883)
Synonym. Distomum depressum Stossich,1883.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Paradižnik 2007;
Paradižnik & Radujković 2007a; 2007b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Central (Janiszewska
1953; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian
Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Sasal et al. 1999),
Corsica (Bartoli & Bray 1987; Bartoli & Gibson 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b).
Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)
(common dentex).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Metadena pauli (Vlassenko, 1931)
Synonym. Achoerus pauli Vlassenko, 1931.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1970).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Holmes & Bartoli 1993; Bartoli &
Gibson 1995; 2001; Bartoli et al. 2005b); East Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal
1980); Black Sea (Vlassenko 1931; Machkevsky 1990; Korniychuk 1997; 2001b);
Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli & Gibson 1995).
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Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Siphoderina Manter, 1934
[Syn. Paracryptogonimus Yamaguti, 1934
Lappogonimus Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961]
Siphoderina aloysiae (Stossich, 1885)
Synonyms. Distomum aloysiae Stossich, 1885; Anoikostoma aloysiae (Stossich,
1885); Paracryptogonimus aloysiae (Stossich, 1885).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1885; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Holmes & Bartoli 1993; Bartoli &
Gibson 1995; Bartoli et al. 2005b).
Host. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758 (brown meagre).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Timoniella Rebecq, 1960
[Syn. Palaezia Lamothe-Argumedo & Ponciano-Rodríguez, 1986]
Timoniella imbutiforme (Molin, 1859)
Synonyms. Distoma imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Stossich, 1886; Echinostomum
imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Stossich, 1898; Anoikostoma imbutiforme (Molin, 1859)
Stossich, 1899; Acanthochasmus imbutformis (Molin, 1859) Looss, 1900;
Acanthostomum imbutiforme (Molin, 1859).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1886; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Janiszewska 1953; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995b; Paggi et al.
1998a; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic (Nicoll 1914; McDowall & James 1988;
Palm et al. 1999; El-Darsh & Whitfield 1999a; 1999b; 2000a; 2000b; Lozano et al.
2001; Santos 2003).
Host. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) (common dentex), Dicentrarchus labrax
(Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Timoniella praeteritum (Looss, 1901)
Synonym. Acanthochasmus praeteritum Looss, 1901.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Looss 1901; Ortis & Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi et al. 1998a; Gibson et
al. 2005); Northwest Mediterranean: Corsica (Caillot et al. 1999; Bartoli et al. 2005b);
Northeast Atlantic (El-Darsh & Whitfield 1999a; 1999b).
Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).
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Site of infection. Intestine.
Superfamily Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901
Family Mesometridae Poche, 1926
[Syn. Mesometrinae Poche, 1926
Wardulinae Paggi & Orecchia, 1964]
Genus Centroderma Lühe, 1901
[Syn. Stossichiella Orecchia & Paggi, 1964]
Centroderma spinosissima (Stossich, 1883)
Synonyms. Monostomum spinosissima Stossich, 1883; Stossichiella spinosissima
(Stossich, 1883).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Ninni 1900; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis
& Paggi 2008), Central (Sey 1970; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orrechia & Paggi 1964; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis &
Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et
al. 1998b; Jousson & Bartoli 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea
(Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea (Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean:
Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); East
Mediterranean: Israeli coast (Fischthal 1980); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli 1987; Lozano
et al. 2001).
Host. Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 (salema).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Elstia Bray, 1984
Elstia stossichianum (Monticelli, 1892)
Synonyms. Monostomum stossichianum Monticelli, 1892; Centroderma stossichianum
(Monticelli, 1892).
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Monticelli 1892).
Distribution. Mediterranean: Italian coast (Paggi & Orecchia 1964), Tyrrhenian Sea
(Orecchia & Paggi 1978; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli 1987; Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et al. 1998b;
Jousson & Bartoli 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al.
1990), Alboran Sea (López-Román & Guevara-Pozo 1970; 1974); Southwest
Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a); Northeast
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Atlantic (Gijon-Botella & López-Román 1989; Lozano et al. 2001); South African coast
(Bray 1984).
Host. Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 (salema).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Mesometra Lühe, 1901
Mesometra brachycoelia Lühe, 1901
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Sey 1968).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Italian coast (Lühe 1901; Paggi & Orecchia 1964), Tyrrhenian Sea
(Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Bartoli 1987; Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et al.
1998b), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b), Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea
(López-Román & Guevara-Pozo 1974); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast
(Gargouri & Maamouri 2008; Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012);
Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli 1987; Gijon-Botella & López-Román 1989).
Host. Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 (salema).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Mesometra orbicularis (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Monostomum orbiculare Rudolphi, 1819.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b), Central (Sey
1968; Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Italian coast (Lühe 1901; Paggi & Orecchia 1964; Orecchia & Paggi
1978), Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Timon-David 1937; Dollfus 1947a; Bartoli
1987; Jousson et al. 1998a; Jousson et al. 1998b), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b),
Balearic Sea (Pellicer et al. 1990), Alboran Sea (López-Román & Guevara-Pozo 1970;
1974; Lozano et al. 2001); Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri &
Maamouri 2008; Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel et al. 2012); Northeast
Atlantic (Bartoli 1987; Gijon-Botella & López-Román 1989; Lozano et al. 2001).
Host. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Wardula Poch, 1926
Wardula capitellata (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Monostomum capitellata Rudolphi, 1819.
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1883; Bona et al. 1995b; Ortis & Paggi
2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995b).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Bona et al.
1995b; Ortis & Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Jousson et al.
1998a; Jousson et al. 1998b; Jousson & Bartoli 1999), Corsica (Bartoli et al. 2005b);
Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Gargouri Ben Abdallah et al. 2011a; Derbel
et al. 2012); Northeast Atlantic (Bartoli 1987; Gijon-Botella & López-Román 1989;
Lozano et al. 2001).
Host. Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 (salema).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Class Cestoda Rudolphi, 1808
Subclass Eucestoda Southwell, 1930
Order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008
Family Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849
Genus Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808
[Syn. Dibothrium Rudolphi in Creplin, 1839
Boctinocephalus Nordmann in Lamarck, 1840
Dibothrium Diesing, 1850
Penetrocephalus Rao, 1960
Schyzocotyle Akhmerov, 1960]
Bothriocephalus andresi Porta, 1911
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Hristovski & Jardas 1991), South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Belghyti et al. 1994); East Atlantic: Moroccan
coast (Belghyti et al. 1994).
Host. Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder).
Site of infection. Larves encysted in host muscles, adults in intestine.
Bothriocephalus angustatus Rudolphi, 1819 (species inquirenda)
Synonyms. Bothriocephalus affinis (Leuckart, 1819); Dibothrium angustatum
Dujardin, 1845.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008).
Host. Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (red scorpionfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
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Bothriocephalus clavibothrium Ariola, 1899 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Ariola, 1899; Paggi 2008);
Mediterranean (Swiderski & Mokhtar-Maamouri, 1974; Swiderski & Mackiewicz, 2004).
Host. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze, 1782)
Synonyms. Taenia claviceps Goeze, 1782; Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Paggi
2008), South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea drainage basin
(Kažić 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean, Corsica (Caillot et al. 1999), Balearic Sea (Maíllo et al.
2005); Southwest Mediterranean: Algerian inland lakes (Nabil et al. 2009); Northeast
Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999; Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007); Baltic Sea
(Sulgostowska 1993; Zander & Reimer 2002); Northwest Atlantic (Cone et al. 1993;
Marcogliese & Cone 1996; 1997; 1998; Barker et al. 1996).
European freshwaters: England (Kennedy 1993; 2000; Nie & Kennedy 1992; Norton et
al. 2003), France (Sinnappah et al. 2001; Verneau et al. 2002), Norway (Sterud 1999),
Denmark (Borgsteede et al. 1999), Germany (Sures & Streit 2001; Reimer 2003),
Austria (Scholz et al. 2003), Czechoslovakia (Macko et al. 1993), Poland (OreckaGrabda & Wierzbicka 1994; Borgsteede et al. 1999), Lithuania (Petkeviciute 2003),
Russia (Davydov 1986), Hungary (Molnar & Szekely 1996; Borgsteede et al. 1999),
Italy (Orecchia et al. 1987; Scholz et al. 1992; Kennedy et al. 1998), Portugal (Saraiva
& Chubb 1989).
Canadian frshwaters (McDonald & Margolis 1995);
North American freshwaters (Dechtiar & Nepszy 1988; Dechtiar et al. 1988).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Bothriocephalus labracis Dujardin, 1845 (species inquirenda)
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) (European seabass).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller, 1776)
Synonyms. Bothriocephalus bipunctatus (Zeder, 1800); Bothriocephalus punctatus
(Rudolphi, 1802); Bothriocephalus rhombi Mola, 1928.
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Hristovski & Jardas 1991).
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Distribution.
Mediterranean
(Naidenova
&
Mordvinova
1997);
Northeast
Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976; Akmirza 2004); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985); Black Sea (Naidenova &
Mordvinova 1997); North Sea (Blend & Dronen 2003; Klimpel et al. 2003); Baltic Sea
(Reimer & Walter 1993; Zander et al. 1993; Vismanis & Kondratovitch 1995; Sures et
al. 1997; Sulgostowska et al. 1998; Zander & Reimer 2002; Blend & Dronen 2003);
North Atlantic (Køie 2000); Northeast Atlantic (Ortega & Valero 1989; Robert et al.
1990; Levsen 1992; Sterud 1999; Palm et al. 1999; Bakay 2001; Blend & Dronen
2003); Northwest Atlantic (Morrison et al. 1986; Scott & Bray 1989; Jansen &
Burreson 1990; McDonald & Margolis 1995; Bakay 2001); Southeast Atlantic
(Parukhin 1966); North Pacific (Blaylock et al. 1998); Northeast Pacific (Kabata &
Whitaker 1984; McDonald & Margolis 1995); Northwest Pacific: Sea of Japan
(Shvetsova 1994a), Coast of Japan (Machida & Araki 1994); Arctic Ocean (Mitenev et
al. 1991; Blend & Dronen 2003).
Host. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Bothriocephalus vallei Stossich, 1899
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1899b; Bona et al. 1995a; Le Pommelet et
al. 1997; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Le Pommelet et al. 1997).
Host. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 (red mullet).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Clestobothrium Lühe, 1899
Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Bothriocephalus crassiceps Rudolphi, 1819; Bothriocephalus pilula
Leuckart, 1820; Dibothrium crassiceps Diesing, 1850.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Carus 1885; Stossich 1898a; 1899; Bona et al.
1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Hristovski & Jardas 1991), South (this paper).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Rudolphi, 1819; Leuckart 1820; Ariola 1896; Parona
1899a); Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic
(Thompson 1844; Johnstone 1909; Joyeux & Baer 1936; Rees & Llewellyn 1941);
Northwest Atlantic (Linton 1901; Cooper 1918).
Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Ptychobothrium Lönnberg, 1889
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Ptychobothrium belones (Dujardin, 1845)
Synonym. Dibothrium belones Dujardin, 1845.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1891; 1898a).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Parona
1887; 1889); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Dujardin 1845; Wagener 1854);
Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999); Indian Ocean: coast of Pakistan (Bilqees 1995).
Host. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (garfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Echinophallidae Schumacher, 1914
Genus Echinophallus Schumacher, 1914
[Syn. Atelemerus Guiart, 1935]
Echinophallus wageneri (Monticelli, 1890)
Synonyms. Dibothrium heteropleurum Diesing, 1850; Amphicotyle typica Diesing,
1863; Bothriocephalus wageneri Monticelli, 1890; Diplogonoporus wageneri
(Monticelli, 1890) Stossich, 1898a; Amphitretus wageneri Lühe, 1899; Acanthophalus
wageneri (Monticelli, 1890) Lühe, 1903.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1895; Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Northeast Atlantic (Kuchta et al. 2008a).
Host. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) (rudderfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Family Triaenophoridae Lönnberg, 1889
Genus Amphicotyle Diesing, 1863
Amphicotyle heteropleura (Diesing, 1850)
Synonyms. Dibothrium heteropleurum Diesing, 1850; Amphicotyle typica Diesing,
1863; Bothriocephalus heteropleurus Stossich, 1890.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Diesing 1850; Stossich 1890b), Central (Bona et al.
1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Ninni 1900; Lühe 1902); Northeast Atlantic (Kuchta et
al. 2008a).
Host. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789) (rudderfish).
Site of infection. Scolex in pyloric caeca, strobila in the anterior part of the intestine.
Genus Anchistrocephalus Monticelli, 1890
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[Syn. Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808
Dibothrium Diesing, 1850
Polyonchobothrium Diesing, 1850
Amphigonoporus Mendes, 1944]
Anchistrocephalus microcephalus (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Taenia tetraodontis Rudolphi, 1810; Bothriocephalus sagittatus Leuckart,
1819; Dibothrium microcephalum Diesing, 1850; Ancistrocephalus microcephalus
Lühe, 1899.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; 1899).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Rudolphi 1819; Monticelli 1893;
Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Ligurian Sea (Ariola 1896; Parona 1887; 1894).
Host. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (ocean sunfish).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Eubothrium Nybelin, 1922
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Taenia crassa Bloch, 1779; Bothriocephalus infundibuliformis Rudolphi,
1809; Bothriocephalus proboscideus Rudolphi, 1809; Abothrium longissimum
Cholodkowsky, 1918; Eubothrium oncorhynhi Wardle, 1932.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea
drainage basin (Kažić, 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999); Northeast Pacific (McDonald &
Margolis 1995); West Pacific (Nagasawa et al. 1987); Baltic Sea (Petkeviciute &
Bondarenko 2001); European freshwaters: Iceland (Kristmundsson & Richter 2003;
Scholz et al. 2003), Ireland (Holland & Kennedy 1997), England (Kennedy et al. 1991;
Kennedy & Bush 1994), France (Hanzelová et al. 1999; KráĢová-Hromadová et al.
2003; Scholz et al. 2003), Germany (Engelhardt & Mirle 1993), Austria (Kritscher
1988; Borgsteede et al. 1999; Scholz et al. 2003), Switzerland (Scholz et al. 2003),
Norway (Levsen 1992; Sterud 1999), Finland (Andersen & Valtonen 1990; Scholz et
al. 2003), Denmark (Buchmann et al. 1995; Buchmann & Bresciani 1997), Lithuania
(Scholz et al. 2003), Russia (Dorovskikh 2000), Spain (BruĨanská et al. 2002); Asian
freshwaters (Tseitlin 1996; Naumkin 2000); Japanese freshwaters (Awakura 1994);
American freshwaters (Muzzall et al. 2003); Canadian freshwaters (McDonald &
Margolis 1995; Muzzall et al. 2003).
Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad), Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
(European eel).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. As catadromous (eel) or anadromous fish (twaite shad), both host species
were infected, probably, in freshwater.
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Eubothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802)
Synonyms. Taenia fragilis Rudolphi, 1802; Bothriocephalus fragilis (Rudolphi, 1802)
Rudolphi, 1810; Ligula simplissima Fuhlrott, 1847; Dibothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802)
Diesing, 1851; Bothriotaenia fragilis (Rudolphi, 1802) Blanchard, 1894; Abothrium
fragile (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1899.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Palm et al. 1999; Kuchta et al. 2005).
Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Fistulicola Lühe, 1899
[Syn. Pseudeubothrium Yamaguti, 1968]
Fistulicola plicatus (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Taenia haerica Pallas, 1781; Bothriocephalus truncatus Leuckart, 1819;
Fistulicola dalmatinus (Stossich, 1897); Pseudeubothrium xiphiados Yamaguti, 1968.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1897; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Ionian Sea (Mattiucci et al. 2005); Central
Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Di Paolo et al. 1994; Mattiucci et al. 2005); Northeast
Atlantic (Mattiucci et al. 2005); East Atlantic: west African coast (Castro-Pampillon et
al. 2002); Northwest Atlantic (McDonald & Margolis 1995).
Host. Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Order Caryophyllidea Beneden in Olsson, 1893
Family Caryophyllaeidae Leuckart, 1878
Genus Caryophyllaeus Müller, 1787
[Syn. Chariophyllus Bloch, 1782
Caryophyllaeus Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1790
Caryophylloeus Cuvier, 1798
Caryophillaeus Rudolphi, 1801
Caryophyllaneus Bosc, 1802
Caryophillus Zeder, 1803
Cariophyllaeus Thunberg, 1808
Anthostoma Rafinesque, 1815
Caryophylleus Rafinesque, 1815
Caryohyllaeus Lamouroux, 1825
Caryophilleus van Beneden, 1850
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Caryophyllacus Diesing, 1850
Caryophilleaus Polonio, 1860
Caryophylaeus Plehn, 1908]
Caryophyllaeus punctulatus Molin, 1858
Synonym. Monobothrium punctulatum Diesing, 1863
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Molin 1858; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Caryophyllaeus trisignatus Molin, 1858
Synonym. Diporus trisignatus Diesing, 1863.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1858; Stossich 1882; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi
2008).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Order Diphyllidea van Beneden in Carus, 1863
Family Echinobothriidae Perrier, 1897
Genus Coronocestus Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013
Coronocestus musteli (Pintner, 1889) Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov,
2013
Synonym. Echinobothrium musteli Pintner, 1889.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1889; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008),
Central (Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a); Northeast
Atlantic (Kuchta & Caira 2010).
Host. Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound), Mustelus mustelus
(Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849
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Echinobothrium affine Diesing, 1863
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al.
1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a); Northwest
Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Kuchta & Caira 2010); Northeast Atlantic (Malard 1890;
Kuchta & Caira 2010).
Host. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Echinobothrium brachysoma Pintner, 1889
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1889; Stossich 1898a; Bona et al. 1995a;
Paggi 2008), Central (Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Aragort et al. 2001; Kuchta & Caira 2010).
Host. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue skate).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Echinobothrium typus van Beneden, 1849
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1898a; Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Black Sea (Biserova 1991; Korneva et al. 1998); Northeast Atlantic (Kuchta & Caira
2010).
Host. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue skate), Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758)
(common eagle ray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Order Diphyllobothriidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec, & Bray, 2008
Family Diphyllobothriidae Lühe, 1910
Genus Ligula Bloch, 1782
[Syn. Braunia Leon, 1908
Digramma Cholodkovsky, 1915]
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Fasciola intestinalis Linnaeus, 1758; Ligula cingulum Pallas, 1781; Ligula
avium Bloch, 1782; Ligula abdominalis Goeze, 1782; Ligula gobionis Schrank, 1790;
Ligula leucisci Gmelin, 1790; Ligula salvelini Gmelin, 1790; Ligula cobitidis Gmelin,
1790; Ligula simplicissima Rudolphi, 1802; Ligula tincae Zeder, 1803; Ligula carpionis
Rudolphi, 1810; Ligula contortrix Rudolphi, 1810; Ligula uniserialis Rudolphi,1810;
Ligula monogramma Creplin, 1839.
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Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin freshwaters: Adriatic Sea
drainage basin (Kažić, 1970; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803) (twaite shad), Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
(European eel).
Site of infection. Body cavity of fish (juvenile) and in the intestine of birds (adult).
Remark. As catadromous (eel) or anadromous fish (twaite shad), both host species
were infected, probably, in freshwater.
Order Proteocephalidea Mola, 1928
Family Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911
Genus Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858
[Syn. Ichthyiotaenia Lönnberg, 1804]
Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825) – new for Adriatic
Synonym. Taenia macrocephalus Creplin 1825.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper); Montenegrin inland freshwaters: Adriatic
Sea drainage basin (Kažić, 1970; Knežević et al. 1978; Ubelaker et al. 1981).
Distribution. European freshwaters (Fauna Europea 2004); Northwest Mediterranean:
Balearic Sea (Maíllo et al. 2005); Southeast Atlantic: Morocco (Yamaguti 1959);
Northeast Atlantic (Kristmundsson & Helgason 2007); Northwest Atlantic (Yamaguti
1959).
Host. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (European eel).
Site of infection. As catadromous fish, the eel was infected, probably, in freshwater.
Order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009
Family Rhinobothriidae Euzet, 1953
Genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890
Anthocephalum wedli Ruhnke, 2011
Synonyms. Phyllobothrium gracile Wedl, 1855; Anthobothrium auriculatum Rudolphi
(pro parte), 1819; Anthobothrium auriculatum (Rudolphi, 1819). Anthocephalum
gracile sensu Wedl (Wedl, 1855) Ruhnke, 1994.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Wedl 1855; Stossich 1882; Carus, 1884; Bona et al.
1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), South (this paper).
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Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Zschokke 1888; Parona 1900);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Beauchamp, 1905; Euzet, 1959; Ruhnke
1994); Northeast Atlantic (Euzet, 1959); Southeast Atlantic: Moroccan coast (Euzet,
1952b; Euzet, 1959).
Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Echeneibothrium van Beneden, 1849
[Syn. Discobothrium van Beneden, 1871]
Echeneibothrium myliobatisaquilae Diesing, 1863
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008).
Host. Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) (common eagle ray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Echeneibothrium tumidulum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Bothriocephalus echeneis Leuckart, 1819; Bothriocephalus tumidulus
Rudolphi, 1819. Echeneibothrium minimum van Beneden, 1850.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Parona 1894; Bona et al. 1995a;
Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Mediterranean: Aegean Sea (Papoutsoglou 1976).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Echeneibothrium variabile van Beneden, 1850
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1892; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008),
Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Paggi
2008); Black Sea (Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Pacific: East China Sea (Gibson et
al. 2005).
Host. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Rhabdotobothrium Euzet, 1953
Rhabdotobothrium dollfusi Euzet, 1953 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet, 1953; 1959); Northeast
Atlantic (Euzet, 1953; 1959).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
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Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Scalithrium Ball, Neifar & Euzet, 2003
Scalithrium minimum (van Beneden, 1850)
Synonyms. Echeneibothrium minimum van Beneden, 1850; Rhinebothrium minimum
(van Beneden, 1850); Echeneibothrium dubium Beneden, 1858; Tiarabothrium
javanicum Shipley & Hornell, 1906.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; 1901).
Distribution. East Atlantic: west African coast (Ball et al. 2003); Northeast Atlantic:
North Sea (Ball et al. 2003).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Spongiobothrium Linton, 1889
Spongiobothrium variabile Linton, 1889
Synonyms. Anthobothrium variabile (Linton, 1889); Echeneibothrium simplex Shipley
& Hornell, 1906; Polipobothrium vaccarii Mola, 1908.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Mola 1908; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Bray 2013); Northwest Atlantic (Bray 2013).
Host. Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) (basking shark).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Order Tetraphyllidea Carus, 1863
Family Onchobothriidae Braun, 1900
Genus Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1850
[Syn. Petalocephalus Jeude, 1829
Petalostoma Jeude, 1829
Prosthecobothrium Diesing, 1863]
Acanthobothrium benedeni Lönnberg, 1889
Synonyms. Bothricephalus uncinatus Rudolphi, 1819; Acanthobothrium uncinatum
(Rudolphi, 1819) Southwell, 1925; Acanthobothrium dujardinii (van Beneden, 1850)
Southwell, 1925; Acanthobothrium coronatum (van Beneden, 1850) Léon-Borcea,
1934; Acanthobothrium fillicole var. fillicole Beauchamp, 1905; Acanthobothrium
fillicole var. benedeni Beauchamp, 1905; Acanthobothrium semnovesiculum Verma,
1928.
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1901; Bona et al. 1995a;
Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Southwest Mediterran: Maroccan
coast (Euzet 1952b); Northeast Atlantic (Goldstein 1967); Northwest Pacific: East
China Sea (Tseng 1933; Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Bothriocephalus coronatus Rudolphi, 1819; Bothriocephalus bifurcatus
Leuckart, 1819; Onchobothrium cornonatum (Rudolphi, 1819) De Blainville, 1828;
Calliobothrium coronatum Molin, 1861; Calliobothrium corollatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Monticelli, 1890.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Molin, 1861; Stossich 1883; 1885;
1890; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Molin, 1861; Bona et al. 1995a;
Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Black Sea (Gibson
et al. 2005); Northeast Atlantic (Campbell & Beveridge 2002); Southeast Atlantic
(Parukhin 1966); West Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill, 1815) (roughtail stingray), Dasyatis pastinaca
(Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray), Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) (common
eagle ray); Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (nursehound), Squalus acanthias
Linnaeus, 1758 (picked dogfish), Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric
ray), Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) (common torpedo).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Acanthobothrium crassicolle Wedl, 1855
Synonyms. Acanthobothrium intermedium Perrenoud, 1931; Acanthobothrium
ponticum Leon-Borcea, 1934.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Wedl, 1855; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), South
(this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Baer 1948; Euzet 1959); Northeast Atlantic
(Euzet 1959; Goldstein 1967); Southwest Atlantic: Moroccan coast (Euzet 1952b;
1959).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Acanthobothrium filicolle Zschokke, 1888
Synonym. Acanthobothrium hispidum Riser, 1955.
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), South (this paper).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Zschokke 1888; Monticelli
1890a; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet
1959); Northeast Atlantic (Euzet 1959; Williams 1960); Indian Ocean, Ceylon (Baer &
Euzet 1962); Southwest Pacific (Alexander 1963).
Host. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray), Torpedo torpedo
(Linnaeus, 1758) (common torpedo).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, 1890 – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Linton 1890; Euzet 1959); Northwest Atlantic
(Ghoshroy & Caira 2001; Campbell & Beveridge 2002).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Calliobothrium van Beneden, 1850
Calliobothrium eschrichtii (van Beneden, 1849)
Synonyms. Acanthobothrium eschrichtii van Beneden, 1849; Onchobothrium
eschrichtii van Beneden, 1849; Onchobothrium elegans Diesing, 1854.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Northeast Atlantic (Nasin et al. 1997).
Host. Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Onchobothrium verticillatum Diesing 1850.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Stossich 1882; Parona 1894; Bona et
al. 1995a; Paggi 2008), Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Southeast Atlantic (Gibson et al. 2005); Northwest Atlantic (Caira & Ruhnke 1991;
Cislo & Caira 1993; Smolowitz et al. 1993); Northwest Pacific: coast of Japan (Gibson
et al. 2005).
Host. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue skate), Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus,
1758) (tope shark), Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound), Mustelus
mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Onchobothrium de Blainville, 1828
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Onchobothrium ganfini Mola, 1934 ?
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Host. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) (small-spotted catshark).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Remark. Presence in the Adriatic Sea uncertain.
Onchobothrium lintoni Mola, 1934 ?
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Host. Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (nursehound).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Remark. Presence in the Adriatic Sea uncertain.
Onchobothrium uncinatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonym. Bothriocephalus uncinatum Rudolphi, 1819.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Carus 1885; Bona et al. 1995a)
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et
al. 1995a).
Host. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tope shark).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Platybothrium Linton, 1890
Platybothrium auriculatum Yamaguti, 1952 ?
Synonyms. Cylindrophorus typicus Diesing, 1863 pro parte; Platybothrium baeri
Euzet, 1952; Cylindrophorus posteroporus Riser, 1955.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Euzet 1952a; Bona et al.
1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Northeast
Atlantic (Euzet 1959; Healy 2003); Northwest Atlantic (Curran & Caira 1995; Healy
2003); Northeast Pacific (Healy 2003); Northwest Pacific (Yamaguti 1952; Healy
2003).
Host. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue shark).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Remark. Presence in the Adriatic Sea uncertain.
Family Phyllobothriidae Braun, 1900
Genus Anthobothrium van Beneden, 1849
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Anthobothrium auriculatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
Synonyms. Bothriocephalus auriculatus Dujardin, 1845; Tetrabothrium auriculatum
Diesing, 1850.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008),
Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Orecchia et al. 1985; Bona et
al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Host. Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) (angelshark), Torpedo marmorata Risso,
1810 (marbled electric ray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Anthobothrium cornucopia van Beneden, 1850
Synonym. Tetrabothrium cornucopiae Molin, 1858.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1882; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008),
Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008); Indian Ocean:
coast of Victoria (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) (angelshark).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Anthobothrium crispum Molin, 1858
Synonym. Orygmatobothrium crispum (Molin, 1858) Stossich 1882.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Molin 1858; Stossich 1882; 1895; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819 (starry smooth-hound), Raja asterias
Delaroche, 1809 (Mediterranean starry ray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Ceratobothrium Monticelli, 1892
Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum Monticelli, 1892 ?
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Bona et al. 1995a).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Monticelli, 1892; Bona et al.
1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Atlantic (Gartner & Zwerner 1989; Jansen & Burreson
1990; McDonald & Margolis 1995; Caira et al. 1999; Olson et al. 1999; Brickle et al.
2001).
Host. Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (porbeagle).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Remark. Presence in the Adriatic Sea uncertain.
Genus Crossobothrium Linton, 1889
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Crossobothrium campanulatum Klaptocz, 1906
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Klaptocz 1906)
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (bluntnose sixgill shark).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Orygmatobothrium Diesing, 1863
Orygmatobothrium musteli (van Beneden, 1850)
Synonyms. Anthobothrium musteli van Beneden, 1850; Tetrabothrium musteli van
Beneden, 1850; Tetrabothrium versatile Diesing, 1850; Orygmatobothrium versatile
Diesing, 1863.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Carus 1885; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic
(Brickle et al. 2001); Northwest Pacific: coast of Japan (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Paraorygmatobothrium Ruhnke, 1994
Paraorygmatobothrium exiguum (Yamaguti, 1935)
Synonyms. Anthobothrium parvum Stossich, 1895; Anthobothrium exiguum Yamaguti,
1935.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1895; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008),
Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. West Pacific (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth hammerhead).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Order Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863
Family Eutetrarhynchidae Guiart, 1927
[Syn. Renibulbidae Feigenbaum, 1975]
Genus Eutetrarhynchus Pintner, 1913
Eutetrarhynchus ruficollis (Eysenhardt, 1829)
Synonyms. Tetrarhynchus ruficolis Eysenhardt, 1829; Tetrarhynchus corollatus
Rudolphi, 1870; Coenomorphus joyeuxii Vaullegeard, 1893.
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Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1913; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008),
Central (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Joyeux & Baer 1936).
Host. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Onchomegas Dollfus, 1929
[Syn. Dibothriorhynchus Diesing, 1850, praeocc. De Blainville, 1828
Oncomegas Dollfus, 1929]
Onchomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890) – new for Adriatic
Synonyms. Rhynchobothrium wageneri Linton, 1890; Rhynchobothrium wagneri
Linton, 1911; Rhynchobothrium wagneri Linton, 1913; Rhynchobothrium wagneri
Linton, 1924; Tetrarhynchus cepola-rubescens Wagener, 1854; Tetrarhynchus
scolecinus-cepole Wagener, 1854; Tetrarhynchus scolecinus Wagener, 1857.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Northwest Atlantic (Linton 1890), Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion
(Wagener 1854); Northwest Pacific (Yamaguti 1934b).
Host. Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Genus Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946
Prochristianella tenuispine (Linton, 1890) – new for Adriatic
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. West Atlantic (Borucinska & Caira 1993).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Prochristianella papillifer (Poyarkoff, 1909) – new for Adriatic
Synonym. Prochristianella trygonicola Dollfus, 1946
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Dollfus 1946b).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Family Gymnorhynchidae Dollfus, 1935
[Syn. Molicolidae Beveridge & Campbell, 1989]
Genus Gymnorhynchus Rudolphi, 1819
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Gymnorhynchus gigas (Cuvier, 1817)
Synonyms. Scolex gigas Cuvier, 1817; Rhynchobothrium gigas Cuvier, 1817;
Gymnorhynchus reptans Rudolphi, 1819; Gymnorhynchus moniezi Railliet, 1899.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1901).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008);
Northeast Atlantic (Casado et al. 1999; Vazquez-Lopez et al. 2000; Gibson et al.
2005); East Atlantic: northwest African coast (Gibson et al. 2005); West Atlantic: Gulf
of Mexico (Palm & Overstreet 2000).
Host. Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 (shortfin mako).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Family Lacistorhynchidae Guiart, 1927
[Syn. Floricipitidae Dollfus, 1929
Dasyrhynchidae Dollfus, 1935
Grillotiidae Dollfus, 1960
Mustelicolidae Dollfus, 1969]
Genus Lacistorhynchus Pintner, 1913
Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858) – new for Adriatic
Synonym. Tetrarhynchus tenuis van Beneden, 1858.
Findings in the Adriatic. South (this paper).
Distribution. Mediterranean (Dollfus, 1942); Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea
(Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008); Northwest Mediterranean: Balearic Sea (Campos &
Carbonell 1994); Northwest Atlantic (Sakanari et al. 1989; Cislo & Caira 1993; Davis
1997); Southwest Atlantic (Gaevskaya et al. 1990); North Pacific (Arai et al. 1988);
East Pacific (Luque et al. 1991); Southeast Pacific: Peruvian coast (Luque 1991; Oliva
& Luque 2002).
Host. Arnoglossus thori Kyle, 1913 (Thor's scaldfish), Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
(garfish), Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder).
Site of infection. Larves encysted in host muscles, adults in intestine.
Family Sphyriocephalidae Pintner, 1913
[Syn. Hepatoxilidae Dollfus, 1940]
Genus Hepatoxylon Bosc, 1811
[Syn. Dibothriorhynchus Blainville, 1828
Coenomorphus Lonnberg, 1889]
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Hepatoxylon trichiuri (Holten, 1802)
Synonyms. Hepatoxylon squali Bosc, 1811; Hepatoxylon attenuatus Rudolphi, 1819;
Tetrarhynchus discophorus Rudolphi, 1819; Dibothriorhynchus stenocephala Guiart,
1935; Hepatoxylon stenocephala (Guiart, 1935).
Findings in the Adriatic. Central (Mladineo 2006c*; Mladineo et al. 2008*).
Distribution. Northeast Atlantic (Vassiliades 1985); Northwest Atlantic (Bakay 2001);
Southeast Atlantic (Parukhin 1966; Reimer 1993); Southwest Atlantic (São Clemente
et al. 2001; Sardella & Timi 2001; Knoff et al. 2002; 2004); West Pacific (Pozdnyakov
1994); South Pacific (Sewell & Lester 1988); Southwest Pacific (Waterman & Sin
1991; Sin et al. 1992); Southeast Pacific (Vergara & George-Nascimento 1982;
George-Nascimento et al. 2002); Indian ocean: Australian coast (Sewell & Lester
1995; Beveridge & Campbell 1996).
Host. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic bluefin tuna).
Site of infection. Stomach.
Remark. * Aquaculture.
Genus Sphyriocephalus Pintner, 1913
Sphyriocephalus tergestinus Pintner, 1913
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1913; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008),
Central (Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008); Northeast Atlantic
(Costa et al. 1996; 2003).
Host. Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (thresher).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Family Tentaculariidae Poche, 1926
[Syn. Rufferidae Guiart, 1927
Nybelinidae Guiart, 1931
Kotorellidae Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989]
Genus Kotorella Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989
Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901)
Synonyms. Rhynchobothrium pronosomum Stossich, 1901; Otobothrium pronosomum
(Stossich, 1901); Nybelinia herdmani Shipley & Hornell, 1906; Nybelinia narinari
(MacCallum, 1917); Nybelinia pronosomum Dollfus, 1930; Nybelinia rhynchobatus
Yang, Lin, Liu & Peng, 1995.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1901), South (Euzet & Radujković 1989).
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Distribution. Black Sea (Palm & Walter 2000); West Atlantic (Palm & Overstreet
2000); Southwest Pacific (Palm & Beveridge 2002); Indian Ocean (Palm & Walter
1999).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Nybelinia Poche, 1926
Nybelinia lingualis (Cuvier, 1817)
Synonyms. Tetrarhynchus lingualis Cuvier, 1817; Rhynchobothrium tubiceps
Leuckart, 1820; Rhynchobothrius paleaceum Dujardin, 1845; Aspidorhynchus infulatus
Molin, 1858; Stenobothrium linguale (Cuvier, 1817) Pintner, 1913.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Pintner 1913).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Bona et al. 1995a; Figus et al.
2005; Paggi 2008).
Host. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth-hound).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Trypanorhyncha Incertae Sedis
Genus Tetrarhynchus Rudolphi, 1809
Tetrarhynchus tenuicollis Rudolphi, 1819
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819; Hartwich & Kilias 1992)
Distribution. Northwest Atlantic (Ronald 1956).
Host. Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (foureyed sole).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Tetraphyllidea incertae sedis
Genus Phyllobothrium van Beneden, 1850
Phyllobothrium auricula van Beneden, 1858
Synonyms. Phyllobothrium foliatum Linton, 1890.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paradižnik 2007), South (this paper).
Distribution. Northwest Mediterranean: Gulf of Lion (Euzet 1959); Northeast Atlantic
(van Beneden 1858; Linton 1890; 1897; Euzet 1959).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
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Phyllobothrium pastinacae Mokhtar-Maamouri & Zamali, 1981
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Paradižnik 2007), South (this paper).
Distribution. Southwest Mediterranean: Tunisian coast (Mokhtar-Maamouri & Zamali,
1981).
Host. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (common stingray).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Phyllobothrium rotundum (Klaptocz, 1906)
Synonym. Monorygma rotundum Klaptocz, 1906.
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Klaptocz 1906; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008)
Distribution. Reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Host. Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (bluntnose sixgill shark).
Site of infection. Intestine.
Phyllobothrium thridax (van Beneden, 1849)
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Stossich 1890b; Bona et al. 1995a; Paggi 2008).
Distribution. Central Mediterranean: Tyrrhenian Sea (Paggi 2008); Northwest Atlantic
(McDonald & Margolis 1995).
Host. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray), Squatina squatina (Linnaeus,
1758) (angelshark).
Site of infection. Spiral intestine.
Genus Scolex Müller, 1788
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788
Findings in the Adriatic. North (Rudolphi 1819), South (this paper).
Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Gibson et al. 2005).
Host. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish), Boops boops
(Linnaeus, 1758) (bogue), Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758) (red bandfish),
Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) (spotted flounder), Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus,
1758) (annular seabream), Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (common
two-banded seabream), Echelus myrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (painted eel), Gobius
cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 (red-mouthed goby), Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 (black
goby), Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) (European hake), Monochirus hispidus
Rafinesque, 1814 (whiskered sole), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (common
pandora), Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (comber), Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus,
1758) (brown comber), Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (picarel), Symphodus
ocellatus Forsskål, 1775 (ocellated wrasse), Syngnathus typhle Linnaeus, 1758
(broadnosed pipefish), Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled electric ray),
Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel), Zeus
faber Linnaeus, 1758 (John dory).
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Site of infection. Intestine.
Remark. Plerocercoid larve.
Table 1: List of Adriatic fish hosts and their flatw orm parasites (M – Monogenea; D –
Digenea; C – Cestoda; n, a – host from nature and from aquaculture; a – host from
aquaculture; s.i. – species inquirenda; I.S. – species incertae sedis; ? – presence of
species in Adriatic uncertain).
HOST
PARASITE
1. Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758
D
Deropristis hispida (Rudolphi, 1819)
2. Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
C
Sphyriocephalus tergestinus Pintner, 1913
3. Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
D
Pronoprymna ventricosum (Rudolphi, 1819)
4. Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803)
D
Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Hemiurus luehei Odhner, 1905
D
Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930)
D
Sphaerostoma globiporum (Rudolphi, 1802)
C
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779)
C
Eubothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802)
C
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Gyrodactylus anguillae Ergens, 1960
D
Asymphylodora markewitschi Kulakovskaja,
1947
D
Bucephalus anguillae Špakulová, Macko, Berrilli
& Dezfuli, 2002
D
Crepidostomum farionis (Müler, 1784)
D
Deropristis inflata (Molin, 1859)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
5. Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
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HOST
PARASITE
D
Plagioporus stefanskii Ślusarski, 1958
D
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930)
D
Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (Rudolphi,
1819)
D
Prosorhynchus aculeatus Odhner, 1905
C
Bothriocephalus claviceps (Goeze 1782)
C
Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779)
C
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
C
Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825)
6. Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801)
M
Diplectanum sciaenae van Beneden & Hesse,
1863
7. Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809)
D
Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890)
C
Bothriocephalus clavibothrium Ariola, 1899
C
Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller, 1776)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
9. Arnoglossus thori Kyle, 1913
C
Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858)
10. Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810
D
Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithaster atherinae Orecchia, Paggi &
Radujković, 1988
8. Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792)
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HOST
11. Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758
PARASITE
D
Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithaster atherinae Orecchia, Paggi &
Radujković, 1988
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
12. Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
D
Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (Rudolphi,
1819)
13. Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
M
Axine belones Abildgaard, 1794
D
Aponurus laguncula Looss, 1907
D
Lecithostaphylus retroflexus (Molin, 1858)
D
Theledera acanthocephala (Stossich, 1887)
Bray & Gibson, 1980
C
Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858)
C
Ptychobothrium belones (Dujardin, 1845)
D
Macvicaria soleae (Dujardin, 1845)
D
Steringotrema divergens (Rudolphi, 1809)
D
Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)
D
Bacciger bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Bacciger israelensis Fischthal, 1980
D
Mesometra orbicularis (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Metadena depressa (Stossich, 1883)
D
Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890)
D
Robphilodollfusium fractum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
16. Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810)
D
Lintonium vibex (Linton, 1905)
17. Carapus acus (Brünnich, 1768)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
14. Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758
15. Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)
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HOST
18. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789)
PARASITE
D
Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859)
C
Amphicotyle heteropleura (Diesing, 1850)
C
Echinophallus wageneri (Monticelli, 1890)
D
Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
20. Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765)
C
Spongiobothrium variabile Linton, 1889
21. Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linnaeus,
1758)
M
Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave,
Orecchia & Paggi, 1995
M
Trochopus pini (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)
M
Trochopus pini (van Beneden & Hesse, 1863)
M
Trochopus tubiporus (Diesing, 1836)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
M
Ergenstrema labrosi Anderson, 1981
M
Ligophorus angustus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Metamicrocotyla cephalus (Azim, 1939)
M
Solostamenides mugilis (Vogt, 1878)
D
Dicrogaster contractus Looss, 1902
D
Dicrogaster perpusilla Looss, 1902
D
Haploporus benedeni (Stossich, 1887)
D
Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902
24. Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Linnaeus,
1758)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
25. Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758)
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
19. Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus,
1758)
22. Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus,
1758)
23. Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826)
143
Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
HOST
PARASITE
D
Zoogonus rubellus (Olsson, 1868)
C
Bothriocephalus andresi Porta, 1911
C
Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
D
Dolichoenterum longissimum Ozaki, 1924
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Caryophyllaeus punctulatus Molin, 1858
C
Onchomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890)
27. Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
28. Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788)
D
Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin, 1837) (?)
29. Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill, 1815)
C
Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
30. Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Dasybatotrema dasybatis (MacCallum, 1916)
M
Heterocotyle pastinacae Scott, 1904
M
Heterocotyle scotti Neifar, Euzet & Ben
Hassine, 1998
M
Heterocotyle similis Neifar, Euzet & Ben
Hassine, 1998
M
Merizocotyle concinna (Scott, 1904) Chisholm,
Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995
C
Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Acanthobothrium crassicolle Wedl, 1855
26. Conger conger ([Artedi, 1738] Linnaeus,
1758)
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HOST
31. Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)
32. Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)
PARASITE
C
Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, 1890
C
Echeneibothrium tumidulum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901)
C
Phyllobothrium auricula van Beneden, 1858
(I.S.)
C
Phyllobothrium pastinacae Mokhtar-Maamouri &
Zamali, 1981 (I.S.)
C
Prochristianella tenuispine (Linton, 1890)
C
Prochristianella papillifer (Poyarkoff, 1909)
C
Rhabdotobothrium dollfusi Euzet, 1953
C
Scalithrium minimum (van Beneden, 1850)
D
Aphallus tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Cainocreadium labracis (Dujardin, 1845)
D
Lecithaster stellatus Looss, 1906
D
Metadena depressa (Stossich, 1883)
D
Pachycreadium carnosum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Timoniella imbutiforme (Molin, 1859)
M
Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) (n, a)
M
Diplectanum laubieri Lambert & Maillard, 1974
M
Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957 (a)
M
Serranicotyle labracis (van Beneden & Hesse,
1863)
M
Sparicotyle chrysophrii (van Beneden & Hesse,
1863) (a)
M
Udonella lupi van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
(Caligus minutus in Dicentrarchus labrax)
D
Aphallus tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819)
145
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HOST
33. Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
PARASITE
D
Bucephalus minimus (Stossich, 1887)
D
Cainocreadium labracis (Dujardin, 1845)
D
Timoniella imbutiforme (Molin, 1859)
D
Timoniella praeteritum (Looss, 1901)
C
Bothriocephalus labracis Dujardin, 1845 (s. i.)
M
Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957
M
Lamellodiscus fraternus Bychowsky, 1957
M
Protolamellodiscus raibauti Oliver & Radujkovic,
1987
M
Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna & Kohn, 1964)
D
Arnola microcirrus (Vlasenko, 1931)
D
Derogenes adriaticus Nikolaeva, 1966
D
Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lepidauchen stenostoma Nicoll, 1913
D
Lepocreadium album (Stossich, 1890)
D
Macvicaria crassigula (Linton, 1910)
D
Macvicaria soleae (Dujardin, 1845)
D
Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890)
D
Monorchis parvus (Looss, 1902)
D
Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)
D
Steringotrema pagelli (van Beneden, 1871)
D
Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
146
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HOST
PARASITE
plerocercoid larve)
34. Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777)
35. Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758)
36. Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy SaintHilaire, 1817)
M
Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) (a)
M
Encotyllabe vallei Monticelli, 1907
M
Lamellodiscus bidens Euzet, 1984
M
Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957 (a)
M
Lamellodiscus ergensi Euzet & Oliver, 1966
M
Lamellodiscus hilli Euzet, 1984
M
Lamellodiscus ignoratus Palombi, 1943
M
Sparicotyle chrysophrii (van Beneden & Hesse,
1863) (a)
D
Peracreadium characis (Stossich, 1886)
M
Atrispinum seminalis (Euzet & Maillard, 1973)
M
Choricotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse,
1863
M
Diclidophoropsis taschenbergii (Parona &
Perugia, 1889)
D
Lepocreadium album (Stossich, 1890)
D
Monorchis parvus (Looss, 1902)
D
Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)
M
Atrispinum seminalis (Euzet & Maillard, 1973)
M
Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957
M
Lamellodiscus ergensi Euzet & Oliver, 1966
M
Lamellodiscus ignoratus Palombi, 1943
M
Polylabris tubicirrus (Paperna & Kohn, 1964)
D
Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)
147
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HOST
37. Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)
PARASITE
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Macvicaria crassigula (Linton, 1910)
D
Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
M
Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850
C
Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Echinobothrium brachysoma Pintner, 1889
C
Echinobothrium typus van Beneden, 1849
38. Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Rajonchocotyle prenanti (St. Remy, 1890)
39. Echelus myrus (Linnaeus, 1758)
D
Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
40. Engraulis encrasicholus (Linnaeus,
1758)
M
Taurimazocraes markevitschi (Nicolaeva &
Pogoreltzeva, 1965)
41. Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
M
Pseudorhabdosynochus beverleyburtonae
(Oliver, 1984)
M
Pseudorhabdosynochus riouxi (Oliver, 1986)
42. Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave,
Orecchia & Paggi, 1995
43. Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet, 1824)
D
Bathycreadium elongata (Maillard, 1970)
D
Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930)
M
Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
D
Ptychogonimus megastomus (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Acanthobothrium benedeni Lönnberg, 1889
C
Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Onchobothrium uncinatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
44. Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
148
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HOST
45. Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809)
PARASITE
D
Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
47. Gobius geniporus Valenciennes, 1837
D
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)
48. Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Prosorhynchoides tergestinum (Stossich, 1883)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
49. Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche,
1809)
M
Microcotyle sebastis Goto, 1894
50. Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788)
M
Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
51. Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
M
Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
C
Crossobothrium campanulatum Klaptocz, 1906
C
Phyllobothrium rotundum (Klaptocz, 1906) (I.S.)
52. Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810
C
Gymnorhynchus gigas (Cuvier, 1817)
53. Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841)
M
Gyrodactylus arcuatus Bychowsky, 1933
M
Gyrodactylus ostendicus Huyse & Malmberg,
2004
54. Labrus bergylta Ascanius, 1767
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
55. Labrus merula Linnaeus, 1758
D
Derogenes minor Looss, 1901
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
46. Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789
56. Labrus mixtus Linnaeus, 1758
149
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HOST
PARASITE
57. Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
C
Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum Monticelli,
1892
58. Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lacepède, 1801)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
59. Lesueurigobius friesii (Malm, 1874)
D
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)
M
Vallisia striata Parona & Perugia, 1890
D
Rhipidocotyle galeata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Sclerodistomum italicum (Stossich, 1893)
M
Lamellodiscus flagellatus Boudaya, Neifar &
Euzet, 2009
M
Lamellodiscus ignoratus Palombi, 1943
M
Lamellodiscus mormyri Euzet & Oliver, 1967
M
Lamellodiscus verberis Euzet & Oliver, 1967
M
Pagellicotyle mormyri (Lorenz, 1878)
D
Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953
D
Holorchis pycnoporus Stossich, 1901
D
Lepidauchen stenostoma Nicoll, 1913
D
Macvicaria mormyri (Stossich, 1885)
M
Benedenia monticellii (Parona & Perugia, 1895)
M
Ligophorus szidati Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Ligophorus vanbenedenii (Parona & Perugia,
1890)
D
Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt,
1829)
D
Lecithobotrys putrescens Looss, 1902
D
Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902
D
Saccocoelium tensum Looss, 1902
60. Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758)
61. Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus,
1758)
62. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810)
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HOST
63. Liza ramada (Risso, 1826)
64. Liza saliens (Risso, 1810)
65. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758
66. Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810
PARASITE
M
Ergenstrema mugilis Paperna, 1964
M
Ligophorus confusus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Ligophorus imitans Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Ligophorus parvicirrus Euzet & Sanfilippo, 1983
M
Solostamenides mugilis (Vogt, 1878)
D
Haploporus benedeni (Stossich, 1887)
D
Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt,
1829)
D
Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902
D
Saturnius papernai Overstreet, 1977
M
Ligophorus acuminatus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Ligophorus heteronchus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Ligophorus macrocolpos Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Ligophorus minimus Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Solostamenides mugilis (Vogt, 1878)
D
Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt,
1829)
D
Saccocoelium tensum Looss, 1902
D
Lecithochirium physcon Lühe, 1901
D
Stephanostomum caducum (Looss, 1901)
D
Stephanostomum cesticillum (Molin, 1858)
D
Prosorhynchoides gracilescens (Rudolphi,
1819)
D
Kenmackenzia gigas (Nardo, 1827)
D
Tetrochetus raynerii (Nardo, 1833)
151
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HOST
PARASITE
M
Anthocotyle merluccii (van Beneden & Hesse,
1863)
D
Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784)
C
Caryophyllaeus trisignatus Molin, 1858
C
Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
68. Microchirus ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
C
Tetrarhynchus tenuicollis Rudolphi, 1819 (I.S.)
69. Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour, 1908)
D
Lomasoma wardi (Manter, 1934)
D
Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802)
70. Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827)
M
Diclidophora minor (Olsson, 1876)
71. Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Capsala martinieri Bosc, 1811
D
Accacladocoelium macrocotyle (Diesing, 1858)
D
Accacladocoelium petasiporum Odhner, 1928
D
Accacoelium contortum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Didymozoon taenioides Monticelli, 1883
D
Dihemistephanus lydiae (Stossich, 1896)
D
Odhnerium calyptocotyle (Monticelli, 1893)
D
Rhynchopharynx paradoxa Odhner, 1928
C
Anchistrocephalus microcephalus (Rudolphi,
1819)
67. Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)
152
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HOST
72. Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814
PARASITE
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
M
Ligophorus chabaudi Euzet & Suriano, 1977
M
Metamicrocotyla cephalus (Azim, 1939)
D
Anisocladium fallax (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953
D
Lasiotocus mulli (Stossich, 1883)
D
Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905
D
Opecoeloides furcatus (Bremser in Rudolphi,
1819)
D
Poracanthium furcatum Dollfus, 1948
D
Proctotrema bacilliovatum Odhner, 1911
C
Bothriocephalus vallei Stossich, 1899
D
Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Opecoeloides furcatus (Bremser in Rudolphi,
1819)
D
Poracanthium furcatum Dollfus, 1948
D
Proctotrema bacilliovatum Odhner, 1911
76. Muraena helena Linnaeus, 1758
D
Lecithochirium grandiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)
77. Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1819
M
Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
C
Anthobothrium crispum Molin, 1858
C
Calliobothrium eschrichtii (van Beneden, 1849)
C
Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
73. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
74. Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758
75. Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
153
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HOST
PARASITE
C
Coronocestus musteli (Pintner, 1889) Caira,
Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013
M
Calicotyle stossichi Braun, 1899
M
Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
D
Ptychogonimus megastomus (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Coronocestus musteli (Pintner, 1889) Caira,
Marques, Jensen, Kuchta & Ivanov, 2013
C
Eutetrarhynchus ruficollis (Eysenhardt, 1829)
C
Nybelinia lingualis (Cuvier, 1817)
C
Orygmatobothrium musteli (van Beneden, 1850)
79. Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque,
1810
D
Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905
80. Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
M
Monocotyle myliobatis Taschenberg, 1878
C
Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Echeneibothrium myliobatisaquilae Diesing,
1863
C
Echinobothrium typus van Beneden, 1849
81. Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Ancyrocotyle vallei (Parona & Perugia, 1895)
82. Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
83. Oblada melanura (Linnaeus, 1758)
D
Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)
D
Macvicaria dubia (Stossich, 1905)
D
Macvicaria soleae (Dujardin, 1845)
M
Ligophorus vanbenedenii (Parona & Perugia,
1890)
D
Haploporus benedeni (Stossich, 1887)
78. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758)
84. Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829)
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HOST
85. Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758
PARASITE
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithochirium conviva Lühe, 1901
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
M
Atrispinum acarne Maillard & Noisy, 1979
M
Choricotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse,
1863
M
Choricotyle chrysophrii van Beneden & Hesse,
1863
M
Lamellodiscus erythrini Euzet & Oliver, 1967
M
Microcotyle erythrini van Beneden & Hese, 1863
D
Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)
D
Hemiurus communis Odhner, 1905
D
Holorchis micracanthum (Stossich, 1888)
D
Holorchis pycnoporus Stossich, 1901
D
Lepidauchen stenostoma Nicoll, 1913
D
Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
D
Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890)
D
Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson, 1868)
89. Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas,
1814)
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
90. Parablennius tentacularis (Brünnich,
1768)
D
Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819)
91. Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso,
1810)
M
Gyrodactylus branchialis Huyse, Malmberg &
Volckaert, 2004
M
Gyrodactylus ostendicus Huyse & Malmberg,
2004
86. Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1827)
87. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
88. Parablennius gattorugine (Linnaeus,
1758)
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HOST
PARASITE
92. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)
C
Platybothrium auriculatum Yamaguti, 1952 (?)
93. Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809
C
Anthobothrium crispum Molin, 1858
94. Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
M
Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850
M
Rajonchocotyle emarginata (Olsson, 1876)
M
Rajonchocotyle prenanti (St. Remy, 1890)
C
Echinobothrium affine Diesing, 1863
C
Echeneibothrium variabile van Beneden, 1850
C
Phyllobothrium thridax (van Beneden, 1849)
(I.S.)
95. Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758
M
Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850
96. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776)
D
Orophocotyle divergens Loos, 1902
D
Orophocotyle planci (Stossich, 1899)
97. Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803)
M
Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850
98. Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793)
M
Capsala pelamydis (Taschenberg, 1878)
99. Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792)
D
Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)
D
Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
100. Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hemiurus luehei Odhner, 1905
D
Holorchis pycnoporus Stossich, 1901
D
Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901)
D
Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930)
M
Atrispinum salpae (Parona & Perugia, 1890)
D
Centroderma spinosissima (Stossich, 1883)
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HOST
101. Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758
102. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782
103. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758
PARASITE
D
Elstia stossichianum (Monticelli, 1892)
D
Mesometra brachycoelia Lühe, 1901
D
Robphilodollfusium fractum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Wardula capitellata (Rudolphi, 1819)
M
Calceostomella inermis (Parona & Perugia,
1889)
M
Diplectanum aculeatum Parona & Perugia, 1889
M
Diplectanum sciaenae van Beneden & Hesse,
1863
M
Diplectanum simile Bychowsky, 1957
D
Anoikostoma coronatum (Wagener, 1852)
D
Metadena pauli (Vlassenko, 1931)
D
Pleorchis polyorchis (Stossich, 1889)
D
Siphoderina aloysiae (Stossich, 1885)
M
Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn, 1829)
M
Kuhnia sprostonae Price, 1961
D
Aphallus tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Nematobothrium scombri (Taschenberg, 1879)
D
Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859)
D
Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930)
M
Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858
M
Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn, 1829)
M
Kuhnia sprostonae Price, 1961
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HOST
104. Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810
105. Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758
106. Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
107. Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)
108. Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
109. Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)
PARASITE
D
Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Nematobothrium scombri (Taschenberg, 1879)
D
Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859)
D
Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Podocotyle scorpaenae (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Podocotyle scorpaenae (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Podocotyle scorpaenae (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Bothriocephalus angustatus Rudolphi, 1819 (s.
i.)
M
Erpocotyle laevis van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
M
Hexabothrium appendiculatum (Kühn, 1829)
M
Hexabothrium canicula (Cerfontaine, 1899)
D
Diphterostomum betencourti (Monticelli, 1893)
C
Onchobothrium ganfini Mola, 1934 (?)
D
Diphterostomum betencourti (Monticelli, 1893)
C
Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Onchobothrium lintoni Mola, 1934 (?)
M
Heteraxine seriolae (Ishii, 1936)
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HOST
110. Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
111. Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
112. Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758)
113. Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758
PARASITE
D
Theledera acanthocephala (Stossich, 1887)
Bray & Gibson, 1980
M
Protolamellodiscus serranelli (Euzet & Oliver,
1965)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithaster atherinae Orecchia, Paggi &
Radujković, 1988
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Opecoeloides furcatus (Bremser in Rudolphi,
1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802)
M
Diplectanum aequans (Wagener, 1857) (a)
M
Encotyllabe vallei Monticelli, 1907
M
Gyrodactylus longipes Paladini, Hansen,
Fioravanti & Shinn, 2011
M
Gyrodactylus orecchiae Paladini, Cable,
Fioravanti, Faria, Di Cave & Shinn, 2009
M
Lamellodiscus echeneis (Wagener, 1857) (n, a)
M
Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957 (a)
M
Lamellodiscus ignoratus Palombi, 1943
M
Pagellicotyle mormyri (Lorenz, 1878)
M
Sparicotyle chrysophrii (van Beneden & Hesse,
1863) (n, a)
D
Allopodocotyle pedicellata (Stossich, 1887)
D
Macvicaria maillardi Bartoli, Bray & Gibson,
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HOST
PARASITE
1989
D
Macvicaria obovata (Molin, 1859)
114. Sphyraena sphyraena (Linnaeus,
1758)
M
Cotyloatlantica mediterranea (Euzet & Trilles,
1960)
115. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)
C
Paraorygmatobothrium exiguum (Yamaguti,
1935)
116. Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758)
D
Lecithaster stellatus Looss, 1906
D
Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour, 1908)
D
Monorchis monorchis (Stossich, 1890)
D
Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930)
M
Bivagina alcedinis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)
M
Diclidophora bellones (Otto, 1823)
(Emetha audouini in Spicara smaris)
D
Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour, 1908)
D
Lepocreadium pegorchis (Stossich, 1901)
D
Macvicaria crassigula (Linton, 1910)
D
Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)
D
Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
M
Neobivagina canthari (van Beneden & Hesse,
1863)
D
Lepocreadium album (Stossich, 1890)
119. Squalus acanthias (Linnaeus, 1758)
C
Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
120. Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758)
C
Anthobothrium auriculatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Anthobothrium cornucopia van Beneden, 1850
C
Phyllobothrium thridax (van Beneden, 1849)
(I.S.)
117. Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
118. Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus,
1758)
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HOST
PARASITE
121. Stromateus fiatola Linnaeus, 1758
D
Lecithocladium cristatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
122. Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre,
1788)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Macvicaria alacris (Looss, 1901)
D
Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)
D
Phyllodistomum acceptum Looss, 1901
D
Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901)
D
Steringotrema pagelli (van Beneden, 1871)
D
Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819)
M
Microcotyle donavini van Beneden & Hesse,
1863
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Macvicaria alacris (Looss, 1901)
124. Symphodus ocellatus Forsskål, 1775
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
125. Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
126. Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758)
D
Diphterostomum brusinae (Stossich, 1888)
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Lepidauchen stenostoma Nicoll, 1913
D
Peracreadium idoneum (Nicoll, 1909)
D
Proctoeces maculatus (Looss, 1901)
D
Steringotrema pagelli (van Beneden, 1871)
123. Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus,
1758)
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HOST
PARASITE
D
Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Zoogonus rubellus (Olsson, 1868)
127. Syngnathus typhle Linnaeus, 1758
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
128. Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque, 1810
M
Tristoma coccineum Cuvier, 1817
129. Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758)
D
Phyllodistomum acceptum Looss, 1901
130. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Hexostoma thynni (Delaroche, 1811)
D
Cardicola forsteri Cribb, Daintith & Munday,
2000 (a)
D
Didymocylindrus filiformis Ishii, 1935 (a)
D
Didymocystis abdominalis Yamaguti, 1938 (a)
D
Didymocystis bifasciatus (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)
D
Didymocystis oesophagicola (Yamaguti, 1970)
(a)
D
Didymocystis pectoralis (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)
D
Didymocystis pinnicola (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)
D
Didymocystis semiglobularis (Ischii, 1935) (a)
D
Didymocystis thynni (Taschenberg, 1879) (a)
D
Didymosulcus irregularis (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)
D
Didymosulcus katsuwonicola (Okada, 1926) (a)
D
Didymosulcus palati Yamaguti, 1970 (a)
D
Didymosulcus spirocauda (Yamaguti, 1970) (a)
D
Didymosulcus wedli Ariola, 1902 (a) (s. i.)
D
Didymozoon longicolle (Ishii, 1935) (a)
D
Didymozoon pretiosum Ariola, 1902
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HOST
131. Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810
132. Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758)
133. Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758
PARASITE
D
Koellikerioides apicalis Yamaguti, 1970 (a)
D
Koellikerioides internogastricus Yamaguti, 1970
(a)
D
Koellikerioides intestinalis Yamaguti, 1970 (a)
D
Oesophagocystis dissimilis (Yamaguti, 1938)
(a)
D
Platocystis alalongae Yamaguti, 1938 (a)
D
Wedlia bipartita (Wedl, 1855) (a)
D
Wedlia globosa Ishii, 1935 (a)
D
Wedlia reniformis (Ishii, 1935) (a)
C
Hepatoxylon trichiuri (Holten, 1802) (a)
M
Amphibdella torpedinis Chatin, 1874
M
Amphibdelloides kechemirae Tazerouti, Neifar &
Euzet, 2006
M
Amphibdelloides vallei Llewellyn, 1960
C
Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Acanthobothrium filicolle Zschokke, 1888
C
Anthobothrium auriculatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Anthocephalum wedli Ruhnke, 2011
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
M
Amphibdella paronaperugiae Llewellyn, 1960
M
Amphibdelloides benhassinae Tazerouti, Neifar
& Euzet, 2006
C
Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Acanthobothrium filicolle Zschokke, 1888
M
Aspinatrium trachini (Parona & Perugia, 1889)
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HOST
PARASITE
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
134. Trachinus radiatus Cuvier, 1829
M
Aspinatrium trachini (Parona & Perugia, 1889)
135. Trachurus mediterraneus
(Steindachner, 1868)
M
Gastrocotyle trachuri van Beneden & Hesse,
1863
M
Pseudaxine trachuri Parona & Perugia, 1890
D
Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907
D
Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Prodistomum polonii (Molin, 1859)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
D
Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907
D
Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907)
D
Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Prodistomum polonii (Molin, 1859)
D
Theledera acanthocephala (Stossich, 1887)
Bray & Gibson, 1980
M
Paradiplectanotrema sp. Gerasev, Di Cave,
Orecchia & Paggi, 1995
D
Derogenes ruber Lühe, 1900
D
Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819)
138. Trigloporus lastoviza (Bonnaterre,
1788)
M
Plectanocotyle gurnardi (van Beneden & Hesse,
1863)
139. Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758)
M
Diclidophora phycidis (Parona & Perugia, 1889)
D
Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953
D
Stephanostomum caducum (Looss, 1901)
D
Stephanostomum pristis (Deslongchamps,
1824)
M
Calceostomella inermis (Parona & Perugia,
1889)
136. Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
137. Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758
140. Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
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HOST
141. Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758
142. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758
143. Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758
PARASITE
M
Diplectanum chabaudi Oliver, 1980
M
Diplectanum melvillei Oliver & Paperna, 1984
M
Diplectanum nagibinae Oliver & Paperna, 1984
D
Aphallus tubarium (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Derogenes affine (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Pycnadenoides umbrinae (Stossich, 1885)
D
Stephanostomum bicoronatum (Stossich, 1883)
D
Stephanostomum minutum (Looss, 1901)
D
Anisocladium fallax (Rudolphi, 1819)
D
Anisocladium gracile (Looss, 1901)
D
Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819)
M
Tristoma coccineum Cuvier, 1817
M
Tristoma integrum (Diesing, 1850)
D
Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802)
D
Prodistomum orientalis (Layman, 1930)
D
Synaptobothrium caudiporum (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Fistulicola plicatus (Rudolphi, 1819)
C
Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788 (I.S.,
plerocercoid larve)
165
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Table 2: Number of flatw orm species reported from different parts of the Adriatic Sea:
N–northern part; C–central part; S–southern part.
N
C
S
Taxon
MONOGENEA
45
6
81
DIGENEA
116
116
41
CESTODA
51
18
20
212
140
142
Total
Table 3: Geographical distribution of flatw orms reported from the Adriatic Sea.
Number of species
Distribution
Adriatic Sea
MONOGENEA
DIGENEA
CESTODA
Total
3
4
6
13
Mediterranean
43
26
12
81
Mediterranean–Atlantic
55
24
27
106
5
106
19
130
106
160
64
330
Cosmopolitan
Total
DISCUSSION
This monograph is done mainly on the basis of the examination of original
sources, consisting of about 1350 references; with some unpublished results of our
personal research added. It presents 330 nominal species from 188 genera and 65
families of flatworm parasites in 143 fish hosts from the Adriatic Sea (Table 1).
The most numerous was fauna of digeneans: 160 species from 97 genera, 29
families, 15 superfamily and 2 orders were reported. The fauna of monogeneans was
highly diverse, also – consisting of 106 species from 52 genera, 21 families and 6
orders (from both subclasses). The cestode fauna was less numerous – 64 species
from 39 genera, 15 families and 8 orders.
Presence of one digenean species [Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin, 1837)] and
four species of cestodes (Onchobothrium ganfini Mola, 1934; Onchobothrium lintoni
Mola,
1934;
Platybothrium
auriculatum
Yamaguti,
1952;
Ceratobothrium
xanthocephalum Monticelli, 1892) is considered to be uncertain, since we did not find
any original record related to the Adriatic Sea.
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One species of digeneans [Didymosulcus wedli (Ariola, 1902)] and two species
of cestodes (Bothriocephalus angustatus Rudolphi, 1819 and Bothriocephalus labracis
Dujardin, 1845) were identified as Species Inquirenda, while six species of cestodes
as Species Incertae Sedis (Tetrarhynchus tenuicollis Rudolphi, 1819 –
Trypanorhyncha; Phyllobothrium auricula van Beneden, 1858, Phyllobothrium
pastinacae Mokhtar-Maamouri & Zamali, 1981, Phyllobothrium rotundum (Klaptocz,
1906), Phyllobothrium thridax (van Beneden, 1849), Scolex pleuronectis Müller, 1788
– Tetraphyllidea). One monogenean species (Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906)
is originally described as "parasite of unknown host".
The number of identified and reported parasite species was not equal in all three
geographic zones of the Adriatic Sea (Table 2). Most of them were found in the
northern part – 212 species. In the central and southern part 140 and 142 parasite
species were recorded, respectively. In the northern Adriatic, out of the total number
of species, 116 digeneans, 51 cestodes and 45 monogeneans were found. In the
central part, digeneans were also the most numerous (116 species), while
monogeneans and cestodes were considerably less present in the parasitofauna (6
and 18, respectively). In the southern part, where the parasitological research has
recently begun, 81 monogeneans, 41 digeneans and 20 cestodes were recorded.
The intensity and duration of systematic investigations are of the utmost
importance for better knowledge of parasitofauna. In the northern part, the intensive
and continuous research spanned several decades in the 19 th century, while in the
south, that continuity exists just last four decades. There were only sporadic
investigations in the central part of the Adriatic before the beginning of the 21 st
century.
Twenty-nine species are newly recorded from the Adriatic Sea – 14
monogeneans [Amphibdella paronaperugiae Llewellyn, 1960;
Amphibdelloides
benhassinae Tazerouti, Neifar & Euzet, 2006; Amphibdelloides kechemirae Tazerouti,
Neifar & Euzet, 2006; Diplectanum laubieri Lambert & Maillard, 1974; Lamellodiscus
flagellatus Boudaya, Neifar & Euzet, 2009; Dasybatotrema dasybatis (MacCallum,
1916); Heterocotyle pastinacae Scott, 1904; Heterocotyle scotti Neifar, Euzet & Ben
Hassine, 1998; Heterocotyle similis Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1998;
Diclidophoropsis taschenbergii (Parona & Perugia, 1889); Heteraxine seriolae (Ishii,
1936); Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858; Kuhnia sprostonae Price, 1961;
Taurimazocraes markevitschi (Nicolaeva & Pogoreltzeva, 1965)], 5 digeneans
[Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802); Crepidostomum farionis (Müler, 1784);
Plagioporus stefanskii Ślusarski, 1958; Sphaerostoma globiporum (Rudolphi, 1802);
Asymphylodora markewitschi Kulakovskaja, 1947] and 10 cestodes [Bothriocephalus
clavibothrium Ariola, 1899; Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779); Ligula intestinalis
(Linnaeus, 1758); Proteocephalus macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825); Rhabdotobothrium
dollfusi Euzet, 1953; Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, 1890; Onchomegas wageneri
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(Linton, 1890); Prochristianella tenuispine (Linton, 1890); Prochristianella papillifer
(Poyarkoff, 1909); Lacistorhynchus tenuis (van Beneden, 1858)].
Monogenean Taurimazocraes markevitschi (Nicolaeva & Pogoreltzeva, 1965) is
new for the Mediterranean Sea.
Twenty-eight species were recorded from pisciculture facilities. They correspond
to the species that parasitize wild hosts.
Of the total of 143 host species (117 bony fish and 26 cartilaginous), only four
were recorded as new hosts (3 for monogeneans, 1 for cestodes). The osteichthyan
fish hosted 269 species of parasites (87 monogeneans, 158 digeneans and 24
cestodes), while chondrichthyan fish were found parasitized by 62 species (18
monogeneans, 3 digeneans and 41 cestodes).
Thunnus thynnus hosted the highest number of parasite species – 26 (1
monogenean, 24 digeneans and 1 cestode). From Anguilla anguilla 17 species were
recorded (1 monogenean, 12 digeneans and 4 cestodes), from Diplodus annularis –
18 (4 monogeneans, 13 digeneans and 1 cestode), and from Dasyatis pastinaca – 16
(5 monogeneans and 11 cestodes) (Table 1).
As it is already known, the geographical distribution of the parasites coincides
with the host areal of distribution. The analysis of recorded data, shows, however, that
a certain number of parasites was found in the Adriatic Sea only, although their hosts
are widespread in the Mediterranean and beyond.
Thirteen species of flatworms (3.93%) are reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Three monogeneans – 2.83% of their total number [Ancyrocotyle vallei (Parona &
Perugia, 1895); Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906; Paradiplectanotrema sp.
Gerasev, Di Cave, Orecchia & Paggi, 1995], four digeneans – 2.50% of their total
number [Orophocotyle divergens Looss, 1902; Derogenes affine (Rudolphi, 1819),
Lecithochirium physcon Lühe, 1901; Lecithaster atherinae Orecchia, Paggi &
Radujković, 1988] and six cestodes – 9.37% of their total number [Bothriocephalus
labracis Dujardin, 1845; Caryophyllaeus punctulatus Molin, 1858; Caryophyllaeus
trisignatus Molin, 1858; Anthobothrium crispum Molin, 1858; Crossobothrium
campanulatum Klaptocz, 1906; Phyllobothrium rotundum (Klaptocz, 1906)] were
geographically restricted to the Adriatic. We consider that most of the above
mentioned species are not endemic to the Adriatic, but that there is a lack of data on
parasites and their hosts from the Mediterranean and other geographical areas.
From remaining 317 species of flatworms, 81 species (24.54%) had
Mediterranean geographical distribution, 106 (32.12%) species had Mediterranean–
Atlantic distribution, while 130 (39.39%) were cosmopolitan (Table 3).
From the species having Mediterranean distribution, monogeneans were
represented with 43 (53.08%), digeneans with 26 (32.09%) and cestodes with 12
species only (14.81%).
168
Radujković & Šundić: P A R A S I T I C F L A T W O R M S ( P L A T Y H E L M I N T H E S : M O N O G E N E A . . .
From the species having Mediterranean–Atlantic distribution, monogeneans
were represented with 55 (51.88%), cestodes with 27 (24.47%), and digeneans with
24 species only (22.64%).
Among cosmopolitan species digeneans were the most abundant – 106
(81.53%), followed by cestodes with – 19 (14.61%), and monogeneans – 5 species
(3.84%).
These data are subject to revision, since a significant number of species were
not found after their first description and findings, both in the Mediterranean and
Atlantic, as well as in other geographical regions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors acknowledge to Jelena Tomić, for the English text redaction of this
monograph.
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INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND VERNACULAR HOST NAMES
Italic type indicates valid scientific names, Roman type is used for vernacular names.
acanthias, Squalus 130, 160
acarne, Pagellus 40, 46, 155
Acipenser sturio 101, 140
acus, Carapus 59, 142
Adriatic dwarf goby 34
alba, Rostroraja 35, 156
allis shad 108
Alopias vulpinus 137, 140
Alosa alosa 108, 140
Alosa fallax 66, 92, 93, 107, 123, 124, 127,
140
alosa, Alosa 108, 140
amia, Lichia 39, 70, 100, 150
angelshark 133, 139
angler 54, 68, 94
Anguilla anguilla 34, 51, 56, 59, 64, 67, 68,
69, 95, 102, 107, 111, 120, 123, 127, 140,
168, 279, 280
anguilla, Anguilla 34, 51, 56, 59, 64, 67, 68,
69, 95, 102, 107, 111, 120, 123, 127, 140,
168, 279, 280
annular seabream 29, 30, 32, 49, 53, 60, 63,
73, 74, 81, 82, 95, 104, 109, 112, 139
annularis, Diplodus 29, 30, 32, 49, 53, 60,
62, 63, 73, 74, 81, 82, 95, 104, 109, 112,
139, 146, 168, 279, 280
aquila, Myliobatis 37, 126, 128, 130, 154
Argyrosomus regius 28, 141
Ariosoma balearicum 64, 94, 95, 141
Arnoglossus laterna 94, 112, 120, 121, 139,
141
Arnoglossus thori 136, 141
asterias, Mustelus 37, 125, 131, 133, 153
asterias, Raja 133, 156
Atherina boyeri 97, 106, 141
Atherina hepsetus 94, 97, 106, 142
Atlantic bluefin tuna 44, 52, 83, 84, 85, 86,
87, 88, 89, 137
Atlantic bonito 20
Atlantic horse mackerel 72, 74, 91, 94, 106
Atlantic mackerel 44, 45, 59, 88, 90, 94, 96,
98, 104, 105
aurata, Liza 19, 25, 26, 76, 77, 78, 150
aurata, Sparus 20, 27, 29, 31, 34, 49, 50, 57,
61, 159
Auxis thazard 68, 142
axillary seabream 40, 46
axillary wrasse 47, 59, 60
balearicum, Ariosoma 64, 94, 95, 141
ballan wrasse 59
bandtooth conger 64, 94, 95, 141
barbatum, Ophidion 59, 93, 94, 95, 155
barbatus, Mullus 62, 65, 82, 98, 111, 112,
113, 114, 121, 153
basking shark 129
batis, Dipturus 35, 126, 131, 148
Belone belone 39, 74, 97, 109, 122, 136, 142
belone, Belone 39, 74, 97, 109, 122, 136,
142
belone, Tetrapturus 20, 162
bergylta, Labrus 59, 149
big-scale sand smelt 97, 106
bimaculatum, Cichlasoma 59, 143
black acara 59
black goby 59, 64, 68, 139
black scorpionfish 59, 65
black seabream 48, 104
blackbelly rosefish 48
Blennius ocellaris 62, 73, 142
blotched picarel 99, 103, 105, 112
blue butterfish 95
blue shark 132
blue skate 35, 126, 131
blue whiting 41
bluntnose sixgill shark 37, 134, 139
bogue 90, 102, 106, 107, 112, 115, 118, 139
Boops boops 90, 102, 106, 107, 112, 115,
118, 139, 142
boops, Boops 90, 102, 106, 107, 112, 115,
118, 139, 142
boxlip mullet 26, 76
boyeri, Atherina 97, 106, 141
broadnosed pipefish 139
brown comber 59, 62, 94, 97, 139
brown meagre 26, 28, 33, 53, 114, 116
brown ray 35
244
Radujković & Šundić: P A R A S I T I C F L A T W O R M S ( P L A T Y H E L M I N T H E S : M O N O G E N E A . . .
brown wrasse 59, 73, 82
Buglossidium luteum 71, 142
butterfly blenny 62, 73
Dasyatis centroura 130, 144
Dasyatis pastinaca 36, 128, 130, 131, 135,
138, 139, 144, 168, 279, 280
Dentex dentex 58, 63, 99, 115, 116, 145
dentex, Dentex 58, 63, 99, 115, 116, 145
Dicentrarchus labrax 27, 29, 35, 49, 50, 58,
67, 115, 116, 120, 145
Diplodus annularis 29, 30, 32, 49, 53, 60, 62,
63, 73, 74, 81, 82, 95, 104, 109, 112,
139, 146, 168, 279, 280
Diplodus puntazzo 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 50,
63, 147
Diplodus sargus 40, 42, 47, 63, 104, 112,
147
Diplodus vulgaris 29, 31, 47, 49, 60, 95, 109,
112, 139, 147
Dipturus batis 35, 126, 131, 148
Dipturus oxyrinchus 39, 148
ductor, Naucrates 18, 154
draco, Trachinus 46, 59, 163
dumerili, Seriola 43, 74, 158
dusky grouper 31, 32
cabrilla, Serranus 32, 59, 139, 159
canicula, Scyliorhinus 37, 38, 108, 132, 158
cantharus, Spondyliosoma 48, 104, 160
Carapus acus 59, 142
cavillone, Lepidotrigla 59, 150
Centrolophus niger 104, 122, 143
centroura, Dasyatis 130, 144
cephalus, Mugil 24, 47, 153
Cepola macrophthalma 72, 139, 143
Cetorhinus maximus 129, 143
Chelidonichthys cuculus 21, 26, 143
Chelidonichthys lucerna 21, 59, 143
Chelon labrosus 23, 33, 47, 50, 75, 76, 77,
143
chub mackerel 45, 88, 98, 104, 105, 115
Cichlasoma bimaculatum 59, 143
cinereus, Symphodus 59, 60, 63, 70, 73, 74,
94, 98, 161
cirrosa, Umbrina 27, 28, 33, 54, 65, 82, 115,
165
Citharus linguatula 94, 95, 110, 119, 136,
139, 143
clavata, Raja 35, 38, 39, 126, 128, 139, 156
comber 32, 59, 139
common dentex 58, 63, 99, 115, 116
common eagle ray 37, 126, 128, 130
common pandora 30, 40, 48, 53, 63, 90, 92,
100, 101, 139
common stingray 36, 128, 129, 130, 131,
135, 138, 139
common torpedo 22, 130, 131
common two-banded seabream 29, 31, 47,
49, 60, 95, 109, 112, 139
Conger conger 59, 68, 69, 94, 95, 125, 135,
144
conger, Conger 59, 68, 69, 94, 95, 125, 135,
144
Coris julis 59, 144
cruentatus, Gobius 94, 139, 149
cuckoo wrasse 59
cuculus, Chelidonichthys 21, 26, 143
East Atlantic peacock wrasse 53, 59, 63, 73,
74, 94, 109, 110
Echelus myrus 69, 139, 148
encrasicholus, Engraulis 45, 148
Engraulis encrasicholus 45, 148
Epinephelus marginatus 31, 32, 148
erythrinus, Pagellus 30, 40, 48, 53, 63, 90,
92, 100, 101, 139, 155
European anchovy 45
European barracuda 40
European conger 59, 68, 69, 94, 95, 125,
135
European eel 34, 51, 56, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69,
95, 102, 107, 111, 120, 123, 127
European hake 42, 83, 91, 121, 125, 139
European pilchard 73, 90, 92, 93, 98, 101,
107
European seabass 27, 29, 35, 49, 50, 58, 67,
115, 116, 120
Eutrigla gurnardus 26, 148
faber, Zeus 97, 98, 105, 124, 139, 165
fallax, Alosa 66, 92, 93, 107, 123, 124, 127,
140
fiatola, Stromateus 95, 161
dactylopterus, Helicolenus 48, 149
Dalatias licha 66, 144
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
five-spotted wrasse 59
flathead grey mullet 24, 47
foureyed sole 138
friesii, Lesueurigobius 64, 150
Fries's goby 64
frigate tuna 68
Knipowitschia panizzae 34, 149
labeo, Oedalechilus 26, 76, 154
labrax, Dicentrarchus 27, 29, 35, 49, 50, 58,
67, 115, 116, 120, 145
labrosus, Chelon 23, 33, 47, 50, 75, 76, 77,
143
Labrus bergylta 59, 149
Labrus merula 59, 73, 82, 149
Labrus mixtus 59, 149
laevis, Ranzania 80, 156
Lamna nasus 133, 150
large-scaled gurnard 59
lastoviza, Trigloporus 51, 164
laterna, Arnoglossus 94, 112, 120, 121, 139,
141
leaping mullet 23, 24, 25, 50, 78
leerfish 39, 70, 100
Lepidotrigla cavillone 59, 150
Lesueurigobius friesii 64, 150
licha, Dalatias 66, 144
Lichia amia 39, 70, 100, 150
linguatula, Citharus 94, 95, 110, 119, 136,
139, 143
Lithognathus mormyrus 30, 31, 49, 53, 61,
82, 101, 150
Liza aurata 19, 25, 26, 76, 77, 78, 150
Liza ramada 24, 25, 33, 50, 76, 77, 78, 96,
151
Liza saliens 23, 24, 25, 50, 78, 151
longnosed skate 39
Lophius piscatorius 54, 68, 94, 151
lucerna, Chelidonichthys 21, 59, 143
luteum, Buglossidium 71, 142
luvar 81, 99
Luvarus imperialis 81, 99, 151
lyra, Trigla 26, 59, 83, 164
Gaidropsarus vulgaris 57, 105, 148
Galeorhinus galeus 37, 99, 130, 131, 132,
148
galeus, Galeorhinus 37, 99, 130, 131, 132,
148
garfish 39, 74, 97, 109, 122, 136
gattorugine, Parablennius 110, 112, 155
geniporus, Gobius 64, 149
gilthead seabream 20, 27, 29, 31, 34, 49, 50,
57, 61
gladius, Xiphias 20, 165
glauca, Prionace 132, 156
Gnathophis mystax 64, 94, 149
Gobius cruentatus 94, 139, 149
Gobius geniporus 64, 149
Gobius niger 59, 64, 68, 139, 149
golden grey mullet 19, 25, 26, 76, 77, 78
greater amberjack 43, 74
greater weever 46, 59
grey gurnard 26
grey wrasse 59, 60, 63, 70, 73, 74, 94, 98
griseus, Hexanchus 37, 134, 139, 149
gurnardus, Eutrigla 26, 148
helena, Muraena 94, 153
Helicolenus dactylopterus 48, 149
hepatus, Serranus 59, 62, 94, 97, 139, 159
hepsetus, Atherina 94, 97, 106, 142
Heptranchias perlo 37, 149
Hexanchus griseus 37, 134, 139, 149
hispidus, Monochirus 59, 139, 153
macrophthalma, Cepola 72, 139, 143
maena, Spicara 99, 103, 105, 112, 160
marbled electric ray 22, 23, 128, 130, 131,
133, 139
marbled goby 34
marginatus, Epinephelus 31, 32, 148
marmorata, Torpedo 22, 23, 128, 130, 131,
133, 139, 163
marmoratus, Pomatoschistus 34, 155
maximus, Cetorhinus 129, 143
imperialis, Luvarus 81, 99, 151
Isurus oxyrinchus 136, 149
japonicus, Scomber 45, 88, 98, 104, 105,
115, 157
John dory 97, 98, 105, 124, 139
julis, Coris 59, 144
kitefin shark 66
246
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meagre 28
Mediterranean horse mackerel 43, 72, 91,
106, 139
Mediterranean moray 94
Mediterranean rainbow wrasse 59
Mediterranean sand smelt 94, 97, 106
Mediterranean scaldfish 94, 112, 120, 121,
139
Mediterranean spearfish 20
Mediterranean starry ray 133
mediterraneus, Symphodus 47, 59, 60, 161
mediterraneus, Trachurus 43, 72, 91, 106,
139, 164
melanostomus, Neogobius 59, 154
melanura, Oblada 61, 62, 109, 154
Merluccius merluccius 42, 83, 91, 121, 125,
139, 152
merluccius, Merluccius 42, 83, 91, 121, 125,
139, 152
merula, Labrus 59, 73, 82, 149
Microchirus ocellatus 138, 152
Microchirus variegatus 59, 64, 71, 72, 103,
152
Micromesistius poutassou 41, 152
minutus, Trisopterus 41, 54, 55, 82, 164
miraletus, Raja 35, 156
mixtus, Labrus 59, 149
Mola mola 19, 79, 80, 87, 103, 123, 152
mola, Mola 19, 79, 80, 87, 103, 123, 152
Monochirus hispidus 59, 139, 153
mormyrus, Lithognathus 30, 31, 49, 53, 61,
82, 101, 150
Mugil cephalus 24, 47, 153
Mullus barbatus 62, 65, 82, 98, 111, 112,
113, 114, 121, 153
Mullus surmuletus 62, 65, 112, 114, 153
Muraena helena 94, 153
Mustelus asterias 37, 125, 131, 133, 153
Mustelus mustelus 35, 37, 99, 125, 131, 134,
135, 138, 154
mustelus, Mustelus 35, 37, 99, 125, 131,
134, 135, 138, 154
Myctophum punctatum 98, 154
Myliobatis aquila 37, 126, 128, 130, 154
myrus, Echelus 69, 139, 148
mystax, Gnathophis 64, 94, 149
Naucrates ductor 18, 154
Neogobius melanostomus 59, 154
niger, Centrolophus 104, 122, 143
niger, Gobius 59, 64, 68, 139, 149
notata, Scorpaena 59, 65, 158
nursehound 108, 130, 132
Oblada melanura 61, 62, 109, 154
ocean sunfish 19, 79, 80, 87, 103, 123
ocellaris, Blennius 62, 73, 142
ocellated wrasse 139
ocellatus, Microchirus 138, 152
ocellatus, Symphodus 139, 161
Oedalechilus labeo 26, 76, 154
Ophidion barbatum 59, 93, 94, 95, 155
ornate wrasse 70
oxyrinchus, Dipturus 39, 148
oxyrinchus, Isurus 136, 149
Pagellus acarne 40, 46, 155
Pagellus erythrinus 30, 40, 48, 53, 63, 90,
92, 100, 101, 139, 155
painted comber 59, 98
painted eel 69, 139
panizzae, Knipowitschia 34, 149
Parablennius gattorugine 110, 112, 155
Parablennius sanguinolentus 95, 155
Parablennius tentacularis 95, 155
pastinaca, Dasyatis 36, 128, 130, 131, 135,
138, 139, 144, 168, 279, 280
pavo, Thalassoma 70, 162
pearl fish 59
perlo, Heptranchias 37, 149
picarel 41, 47, 60, 63, 103, 104, 105, 139
picked dogfish 130
pilchardus, Sardina 73, 90, 92, 93, 98, 101,
107, 156
pilotfish 18
piper gurnard 26, 59, 83
piscatorius, Lophius 54, 68, 94, 151
Pomatoschistus marmoratus 34, 155
poor cod 41, 54, 55, 82
porbeagle 133
porcus, Scorpaena 59, 65, 158
poutassou, Micromesistius 41, 152
Prionace glauca 132, 156
punctatum, Myctophum 98, 154
nasus, Lamna 133, 150
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puntazzo, Diplodus 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
50, 63, 147
scriba, Serranus 59, 98, 159
scrofa, Scorpaena 65, 119, 158
Scyliorhinus canicula 37, 38, 108, 132, 158
Scyliorhinus stellaris 108, 130, 132, 158
Seriola dumerili 43, 74, 158
Serranus cabrilla 32, 59, 139, 159
Serranus hepatus 59, 62, 94, 97, 139, 159
Serranus scriba 59, 98, 159
sharpnose sevengill shark 37
sharpsnout seabream 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
50, 63
shi drum 27, 28, 33, 54, 65, 82, 115
shortfin mako 136
slender goby 64
slender sunfish 80
small red scorpionfish 59, 65
small-spotted catshark 37, 38, 108, 132
smaris, Spicara 41, 47, 60, 63, 103, 104,
105, 139, 160
smooth hammerhead 134
smooth-hound 35, 37, 99, 125, 131, 134,
135, 138
snake blenny 59, 93, 94, 95
solenette 71
Sparus aurata 20, 27, 29, 31, 34, 49, 50, 57,
61, 159
Sphyraena sphyraena 40, 160
sphyraena, Sphyraena 40, 160
Sphyrna zygaena 134, 160
Spicara maena 99, 103, 105, 112, 160
Spicara smaris 41, 47, 60, 63, 103, 104, 105,
139, 160
Spondyliosoma cantharus 48, 104, 160
spotted flounder 94, 95, 110, 119, 136, 139
spotted lanternfish 98
Squalus acanthias 130, 160
Squatina squatina 133, 139, 160
squatina, Squatina 133, 139, 160
stargazer 55, 113, 114
starry smooth-hound 37, 125, 131, 133
starry weever 46
stellaris, Scyliorhinus 108, 130, 132, 158
streaked gurnard 51
Stromateus fiatola 95, 161
sturgeon 101
sturio, Acipenser 101, 140
surmuletus, Mullus 62, 65, 112, 114, 153
surmullet 62, 65, 112, 114
radiatus, Trachinus 46, 164
Raja asterias 133, 156
Raja clavata 35, 38, 39, 126, 128, 139, 156
Raja miraletus 35, 156
ramada, Liza 24, 25, 33, 50, 76, 77, 78, 96,
151
Ranzania laevis 80, 156
red bandfish 72, 139
red gurnard 21, 26
red mullet 62, 65, 82, 98, 111, 112, 113, 114,
121
red scorpionfish 65, 119
red-mouthed goby 94, 139
regius, Argyrosomus 28, 141
roissali, Symphodus 59, 161
Rostroraja alba 35, 156
roughtail stingray 130
round goby 59
rudderfish 104, 122
rusty blenny 95
saddled seabream 61, 62, 109
salema 46, 102, 117, 118, 119
saliens, Liza 23, 24, 25, 50, 78, 151
salpa, Sarpa 46, 102, 117, 118, 119, 156
sand steenbras 30, 31, 49, 53, 61, 82, 101
sanguinolentus, Parablennius 95, 155
Sarda sarda 20, 156
sarda, Sarda 20, 156
Sardina pilchardus 73, 90, 92, 93, 98, 101,
107, 156
sargus, Diplodus 40, 42, 47, 63, 104, 112,
147
Sarpa salpa 46, 102, 117, 118, 119, 156
scaber, Uranoscopus 55, 113, 114, 165
Sciaena umbra 26, 28, 33, 53, 114, 116, 157
Scomber japonicus 45, 88, 98, 104, 105,
115, 157
Scomber scombrus 44, 45, 59, 88, 90, 94,
96, 98, 104, 105, 157
scombrus, Scomber 44, 45, 59, 88, 90, 94,
96, 98, 104, 105, 157
Scorpaena notata 59, 65, 158
Scorpaena porcus 59, 65, 158
Scorpaena scrofa 65, 119, 158
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swordfish 20
Symphodus cinereus 59, 60, 63, 70, 73, 74,
94, 98, 161
Symphodus mediterraneus 47, 59, 60, 161
Symphodus ocellatus 139, 161
Symphodus roissali 59, 161
Symphodus tinca 53, 59, 63, 73, 74, 94, 109,
110, 161
Syngnathus typhle 139, 162
Torpedo torpedo 22, 130, 131, 163
torpedo, Torpedo 22, 130, 131, 163
Trachinus draco 46, 59, 163
Trachinus radiatus 46, 164
Trachurus mediterraneus 43, 72, 91, 106,
139, 164
Trachurus trachurus 72, 74, 91, 94, 106, 164
trachurus, Trachurus 72, 74, 91, 94, 106, 164
Trigla lyra 26, 59, 83, 164
Trigloporus lastoviza 51, 164
Trisopterus minutus 41, 54, 55, 82, 164
tub gurnard 21, 59
twaite shad 66, 92, 93, 107, 123, 124, 127
typhle, Syngnathus 139, 162
tentacled blenny 95
tentacularis, Parablennius 95, 155
Tetrapturus belone 20, 162
Thalassoma pavo 70, 162
thazard, Auxis 68, 142
thickback sole 59, 64, 71, 72, 103
thicklip grey mullet 23, 33, 47, 50, 75, 76, 77
thinlip conger 64, 94
thinlip grey mullet 24, 25, 33, 50, 76, 77, 78,
96
thori, Arnoglossus 136, 141
thornback ray 35, 38, 39, 126, 128, 139
Thor's scaldfish 136
three-bearded rockling 57, 105
thresher 137
Thunnus thynnus 44, 52, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
88, 89, 137, 162, 168, 279, 280
thynnus, Thunnus 44, 52, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
88, 89, 137, 162, 168, 279, 280
tinca, Symphodus 53, 59, 63, 73, 74, 94,
109, 110, 161
tompot blenny 110, 112
tope shark 37, 99, 130, 131, 132
Torpedo marmorata 22, 23, 128, 130, 131,
133, 139, 163
umbra, Sciaena 26, 28, 33, 53, 114, 116, 157
Umbrina cirrosa 27, 28, 33, 54, 65, 82, 115,
165
Uranoscopus scaber 55, 113, 114, 165
variegatus, Microchirus 59, 64, 71, 72, 103,
152
vulgaris, Diplodus 29, 31, 47, 49, 60, 95,
109, 112, 139, 147
vulgaris, Gaidropsarus 57, 105, 148
vulpinus, Alopias 137, 140
whiskered sole 59, 139
white seabream 40, 42, 47, 63, 104, 112
white skate 35
Xiphias gladius 20, 165
Zeus faber 97, 98, 105, 124, 139, 165
zygaena, Sphyrna 134, 160
249
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INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE ADRIATIC FLATWORMS
Bold type indicates valid scientific names.
abdominalis, Coeliodidymocystis 84
abdominalis, Didymocystis 84, 162
abdominalis, Ligula 126
Abothrium fragile 124
Abothrium longissimum 123
Acanthobothrium 129
Acanthobothrium benedeni 129, 148
Acanthobothrium coronatum 129
Acanthobothrium coronatum 130, 144,
154, 158, 160, 163
Acanthobothrium crassicolle 130, 144
Acanthobothrium dujardinii 129
Acanthobothrium eschrichtii 131
Acanthobothrium filicolle 130, 163
Acanthobothrium fillicole var. benedeni 129
Acanthobothrium fillicole var. fillicole 129
Acanthobothrium hispidum 130
Acanthobothrium intermedium 130
Acanthobothrium paulum 131, 145, 167
Acanthobothrium ponticum 130
Acanthobothrium semnovesiculum 129
Acanthobothrium uncinatum 129
acanthocephala, Tergestia 74
acanthocephala, Theledera 74, 142, 159,
164
Acanthochasmus imbutformis 116
Acanthochasmus inerme 114
Acanthochasmus inermis 114
Acanthochasmus praeteritum 116
Acanthocollaritrematidae 113
Acanthocolpidae 52
Acanthocolpoides 105
Acanthocolpoides guevarai 105
Acanthocolpoides israelensis 105
Acanthocolpoides pauloi 105
Acanthocotyle 21, 37
acanthogobii, Tergestia 74
Acanthonchocotyle canicula 38
Acanthoncotyle appendiculatum 38
Acanthophalus wageneri 132
Acanthopsolinae 52
Acanthostomidae 113
Acanthostomum imbutiforme 116
Acanthostomum inerme 114
Acanthostomum inermis 114
acarne, Atrispinum 46, 155
Accacladocoelium 79
Accacladocoelium macrocotyle 79, 152
Accacladocoelium petasiporum 79, 152
Accacoeliidae 79
Accacoelioidea 79
Accacoelium 79
Accacoelium calyptrocotyle 80
Accacoelium contortum 79, 152
Accacoelium raynerianum 81
acceptum, Phyllodistomum 70, 161, 162
Achoerus 115
Achoerus pauli 115
Acrodactyla 55
Acrolichanus 55
aculeatum, Diplectanum 26, 157
aculeatum, Diplectanum 28
aculeatum, Tristoma 19
aculeatus, Prosorhynchus 69, 141
acuminatus, Ligophorus 23, 151
adriaticus, Derogenes 82, 146
aegyptiacus, Lecithobotrys 77
aegyptiacus, Neosaccocoelium 77
Aephnidiogenidae 100
aequans, Dactylogirus 26
aequans, Diplectanum 26, 145, 147, 159
affine, Derogenes 82, 165, 168
affine, Distoma 82
affine, Echinobothrium 126, 156
affinis, Bothriocephalus 119
affinis, Brachyphallus 91
alacer, Plagioporus 60
alacre, Allocreadium 58
alacre, Distomum 59
alacris, Lebouria 59
alacris, Macvicaria 59, 161
alacris, Plagioporus 59
alalongae, Platocystis 89, 163
album, Allocreadium 103
album, Distomum 103
album, Lepocreadium 103, 146, 147, 160
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alcedinis, Bivagina 47, 160
alcedinis, Microcotyle 47
Alcicornata 67
Alloanomalotrema 65
Allocreadiidae 55
Allocreadioidea 52
Allocreadium alacre 58
Allocreadium album 103
Allocreadium characis 63
Allocreadium dubium 60
Allocreadium fasciatum 58
Allocreadium labracis 57
Allocreadium labri 58
Allocreadium mormyri 61
Allocreadium obovatum 61
Allocreadium sinuatum 58
Allocreadium umbrinae 65
Allocreadium pegorchis 104
Allodidymozoon 83
Allodiscocotylidae 39
Allopodocotyle 56
Allopodocotyle pedicellata 56, 159
Allostenopera 58
aloysiae, Anoikostoma 116
aloysiae, Anoiktostoma 114
aloysiae, Distomum 116
aloysiae, Paracryptogonimus 116
aloysiae, Siphoderina 116, 157
americanum, Cycloplectanum 31
americanum, Diplectanum 31
Amphibaelloides benhassinae 22
Amphibaelloides kechemirae 22
Amphibdella 21
Amphibdella paronaperugiae 22, 163, 167
Amphibdella torpedinis 22, 163
Amphibdella torpedinis 22, 23
Amphibdellatidae 21
Amphibdellidae 33
Amphibdelloides 22
Amphibdelloides benhassinae 22, 163, 167
Amphibdelloides kechemirae 22, 163, 167
Amphibdelloides macallumi 23
Amphibdelloides vallei 23, 163
Amphicotyle 122
Amphicotyle heteropleura 122, 143
Amphicotyle typica 122
Amphigonoporus 123
Amphitretus wageneri 122
amuriensis, Brachyphallus 91
Anabathycreadium 63
Anchistrocephalus 122
Anchistrocephalus microcephalus 123,
152
Ancistrocephalus microcephalus 123
Ancylocoelium 111
Ancyrocephalidae 23
Ancyrocotyle 18
Ancyrocotyle vallei 18, 154, 168
andresi, Bothriocephalus 119, 144
anguillae, Bucephalus 67, 140
anguillae, Gyrodactylus 33, 140
angustatum, Dibothrium 119
angustatus, Bothriocephalus 119, 158, 167
angustus, Ligophorus 23, 143
Anisocladium 113
Anisocladium fallax 113, 153, 165
Anisocladium gracile 113, 165
Anisocoelium 113
Anisocoelium capitellatum 114, 153, 165
Anisogaster 113
Anisogaster fallax 113
Anisogaster gracilis 113
anisotremi, Diphterostomum 108
Anoikostoma 114
Anoikostoma aloysiae 116
Anoikostoma coronatum 114, 157
Anoikostoma corvinae 114
Anoikostoma imbutiforme 116
Anoiktostoma aloysiae 114
Anoiktostoma fallax 113
Anthobothrium 132
Anthobothrium auriculatum 133, 160, 163
Anthobothrium auriculatum 127
Anthobothrium cornucopia 133, 160
Anthobothrium crispum 133, 153, 156, 168
Anthobothrium exiguum 134
Anthobothrium musteli 134
Anthobothrium parvum 134
Anthobothrium variabile 129
Anthocephalum 127
Anthocephalum gracile 127
Anthocephalum wedli 127, 163
Anthocotyle 42
Anthocotyle merluccii 42, 152
Anthocotyle merlucii americanum 42
Anthocotylidae 42
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Anthostoma 124
Antorchiinae 106
Antorchinae 106
Aphallus 114
Aphallus fuscescens 114
Aphallus tubarium 114, 145, 157, 165
Aphanhystera 66
Aphanhysteridae 66
Aphanurus 90
Aphanurus balticus 90
Aphanurus stossichi 90, 142, 155, 156, 158
Aphanurus virgula 90
apicalis, Koellikerioides 87, 163
Apoblema 91
Apoblema appendiculatum 90
Apoblema ocreatum 107
Apoblema stossichi 90
Apoblema ventricosum 107
Aponurus 97
Aponurus laguncula 97, 142
Aponurus waltairensis 97
Apopodocotyle 57
Aporocotylidae 52
appendiculata, Fasciola 92
appendiculata, Polystoma 38
appendiculatum, Acanthoncotyle 38
appendiculatum, Apoblema 90
appendiculatum, Distoma 90, 92
appendiculatum, Hexabothrium 38, 158
appendiculatum, Onchocotyle 38
appendiculatum, Polystomum 37
appendiculatus, Hemiurus 90
appendiculatus, Hemiurus 92, 140, 156
arcuata, Octocotyle 39
arcuatus, Gyrodactylus 34, 149
Arnola 81
Arnola microcirrus 81, 146
Arnoldia 81
Arnoldia microcirrus 81
Arnolidae 81
Aspidorhynchus infulatus 138
Aspinatrium 45
Aspinatrium trachini 45, 163, 164
Asymphilodoridae 110
Asymphilodorinae 110
Asymphylodora 110
Asymphylodora markewitschi 111, 140,
167
Atelemerus 122
atherinae, Lecithaster 97, 141, 142, 159,
168
atomon, Distoma 64
atomon, Distomum 57
atomon, Fasciola 64
atomon, Podocotyle 64, 141, 149, 150, 152
Atriaster seminalis 46
Atrispinum 46
Atrispinum acarne 46, 155
Atrispinum labracis 49
Atrispinum mormyri 48
Atrispinum salpae 46, 156
Atrispinum seminalis 46, 147
attenuatus, Hepatoxylon 137
auricula, Phyllobothrium 138, 145, 167
auriculatum, Anthobothrium 133, 160, 163
auriculatum, Anthobothrium 127
auriculatum, Platybothrium 132, 156, 166
auriculatum, Tetrabothrium 133
auriculatus, Bothriocephalus 133
auxisi, Hexostoma 44
Aviellidae 18
avium, Ligula 126
Axine 39
Axine belones 39, 142
Axine orphi 39
Axine platyura 39
Axine seriolae 43
Axinidae 39
Azygiidae 66
Azygioidea 66
Bacciger 106
Bacciger bacciger 106, 141, 142
Bacciger israelensis 107, 142
bacciger, Bacciger 106, 141, 142
Baccigeridae 106
Baccigerinae 106
baccigerum, Dicrocoelium 106
baccigerum, Distoma 106
baccigerum, Distoma (Dicrocoelium) 106
Baciger nicolli 106
Baciger petrowi 107
bacillare, Distomum 104
bacillare, Distomum (Dicrocoelium) 104
bacillaris, Opechona 104, 143, 157, 158
bacillaris, Pharyngora 104
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bacilliovatum, Genelopa 112
bacilliovatum, Lasiotocus 112
bacilliovatum, Proctotrema 112, 153
baeri, Platybothrium 132
Baikalotrema 64
balticus, Aphanurus 90
Bathycreadium 57
Bathycreadium elongata 57, 148
Bathymonorchis 111
belones, Axine 39, 142
bellones, Cyclocotyla 41
bellones, Diclidophora 41, 160
bellones, Octobothrium 41
belones, Dibothrium 122
belones, Ptychobothrium 122, 142
benedeni, Acanthobothrium 129, 148
benedeni, Distoma 75
benedeni, Distomum 75
benedeni, Haploporus 75, 143, 151, 154
Benedenia 18
Benedenia monticellii 18, 150
Benedenozoum 88
Bengalotrema 95
benhassinae, Amphibaelloides 22
benhassinae, Amphibdelloides 22, 163,
167
betencourti, Diphterostomum 108, 158
betencourti, Distomum 108
betencourti, Pleurogenes 108
beverleyburtonae, Cycloplectanum 31
beverleyburtonae,
Pseudorhabdosynochus 31, 148
Bhaleraoiidae 99
bicoronatum, Distomum 53
bicoronatum, Stephanostomum 53, 165
Bicotylophoridae 42
bidens, Lamellodiscus 28, 147
bifasciatus, Didymocystis 84, 162
bifasciatus, Didymocystoides 84
bifurcatus, Bothriocephalus 130
Bilqeesotrema 97
bipartita, Wedlia 89, 163
bipartitum, Monostomum 89
Biporidae 90
bipunctatus, Bothriocephalus 120
Bivagina 47
Bivagina alcedinis 47, 160
Bivulvostella 48
Boctinocephalus 119
borealis, Onchocotyle 38
Bothricephalus uncinatus 129
Bothriocephalidae 119
Bothriocephalidea 119
Bothriocephalus 119
Bothriocephalus 123
Bothriocephalus affinis 119
Bothriocephalus andresi 119, 144
Bothriocephalus angustatus 119, 158, 167
Bothriocephalus auriculatus 133
Bothriocephalus bifurcatus 130
Bothriocephalus bipunctatus 120
Bothriocephalus clavibothrium 120, 141,
167
Bothriocephalus claviceps 120, 141
Bothriocephalus coronatus 130
Bothriocephalus crassiceps 121
Bothriocephalus echeneis 128
Bothriocephalus fragilis 124
Bothriocephalus gowkongensis 120
Bothriocephalus heteropleurus 122
Bothriocephalus infundibuliformis 123
Bothriocephalus labracis 120, 146, 167,
168
Bothriocephalus pilula 121
Bothriocephalus proboscideus 123
Bothriocephalus punctatus 120
Bothriocephalus rhombi 120
Bothriocephalus sagittatus 123
Bothriocephalus scorpii 120, 141
Bothriocephalus truncatus 124
Bothriocephalus tumidulus 128
Bothriocephalus uncinatum 132
Bothriocephalus vallei 121, 153
Bothriocephalus wageneri 122
Bothriotaenia fragilis 124
Brachadena 97
Brachycoelium luteum 108
Brachicephallus musculus 94
brachycoelia, Mesometra 118, 157
Brachyphallus 90
Brachyphallus affinis 91
Brachyphallus amuriensis 91
Brachyphallus crenatus 90, 152
Brachyphallus musculus 94
brachysoma, Echinobothrium 126, 148
branchialis, Gyrodactylus 34, 155
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branchialis, Lecitochirium 94
Braunia 126
brusinae, Diphterostomum 108, 146, 147,
154, 161
brusinae, Distoma (Brachycaecum) 108
brusinae, Distomum 108
brusinae, Pleurogenes 108
buccini, Proctoeces 72
Bucephalidae 67
Bucephaloidea 66
Bucephaloides 68
Bucephalopsis 68
Bucephalopsis gracilescens 68
Bucephalopsis tergestina 68
Bucephalus 67
Bucephalus anguillae 67, 140
Bucephalus minimus 67, 146
Bunocotyle constrictus 96
Bunocotylidae 90
campanulatum, Crossobothrium 134, 149,
168
canicula, Acanthonchocotyle 38
canicula, Hexabothrium 38, 158
canicula, Onchocotyle 38
canthari, Microcotyle 48
canthari, Neobivagina 48, 160
capitellata, Monostomum 118
capitellata, Wardula 118, 157
capitellatum, Anisocoelium 114, 153, 165
capitellatum, Distomum 114
Capsala 19
Capsala 19
Capsala cephala 19
Capsala maculata 19
Capsala martinieri 19, 152
Capsala papillosa 20
Capsala pelamydis 19, 156
Capsala rudolphiana 19
Capsala sanguinea 19
Capsala tubipora 21
Capsalidae 18
Capsalidea 18
Cardicola 52
Cardicola forsteri 52, 162
Cardicolinae 52
Cariophyllaeus 124
carnosum, Distomum 63
carnosum, Pachycreadium 63, 145
carolinae, Distomum 107
carolinae, Pentagramma 107
carolinae, Pronopyge 107
carpionis, Ligula 126
Caryophyllaeidae 124
Caryohyllaeus 124
Caryophillaeus 124
Caryophilleaus 125
Caryophilleus 124
Caryophillus 124
Caryophylaeus 125
Caryophyllacus 125
Caryophyllaeus 124
Caryophyllaeus 124
Caryophyllaeus punctulatus 125, 144, 168
Caryophyllaeus trisignatus 125, 152, 168
Caryophyllaneus 124
Caryophylleus 124
Caryophyllidea 124
Caballeriana 80
Caballerocotyla pelamydis 19
caducum, Stephanochasmus 54
caducum, Stephanostomum 54, 151, 164
caducus var. lusci, Stephanochasmus 54
Caenomicrocotyle 47
Cainocreadium 57
Cainocreadium labracis 57, 145, 146
Calceostoma 32
Calceostoma inerme 32
Calceostomella 32
Calceostomella inermis 32, 157, 165
Calicotyle 35
Calicotyle kroyeri 35, 148, 156
Calicotyle stossichi 35, 154
Calliobothrium 131
Calliobothrium corollatum 130
Calliobothrium coronatum 130
Calliobothrium eschrichtii 131, 153
Calliobothrium verticillatum 131, 148, 153,
154
Calydiscoides serranelli 32
calyptocotyle, Odhnerium 80, 152
calyptrocotyle, Accacoelium 80
calyptrocotyle, Distoma 79, 80
calyptrocotyle, Mneiodhneria 80
calyptrocotyle, Orophocotyle 80
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Caryophylloeus 124
caspialosae, Orientophorus 108
caspialosae, Pseudopentagramma 108
Catoptroides 70
caudata, Plectanocotyle 51
caudiporum, Distoma 96
caudiporum, Synaptobothrium 96, 165
Cemocotylidae 43
Centroderma 117
Centroderma spinosissima 117, 156
Centroderma stossichianum 117
cephala, Capsala 19
cephala, Tristoma 19
Cephaloporidae 108
cephalus, Metamicrocotyla 47, 143, 153
cephalus, Microcotyle 47
cepola-rubescens, Tetrarhynchus 135
Ceratobothrium 133
Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum 133, 150,
166
Ceratotrema 93
Cercaria cotylura 57
Cercaria dentalii 99
Cercaria lata 106
Cercaria lutea 106
Cercaria pectinata 106
cesticillum, Distoma 54
cesticillum, Stephanostomum 54, 151
cesticillus, Echinostomum 54
cesticillus, Stephanochasmus 54
cesticillus, Stephanostomum 54
Cestoda 7, 119, 140, 166, 278, 279, 280
Cestracolpa 39
chabaudi, Diplectanum 27, 165
chabaudi, Ligophorus 24, 153
Chabaudtrema 69
characis, Allocreadium 63
characis, Distoma 63
characis, Peracreadium 63, 147
charcoti, Cyclobothrium 41
Chariophyllus 124
Chauchanurus 90
Chauhanea 40
Chauhanea mediterranea 40
Chauhaneidae 40
chauhani, Monascus 71
Cheloniella 20
Chimaerohemecinae 52
Choricotyle 40
Choricotyle chrysophrii 40, 147, 155
Choricotyle pagelli 40
Choricotyle taschenbergi 42
Chrisomon 111
chrysophrii, Choricotyle 40, 147, 155
chrysophrii, Microcotyle 50
chrysophrii, Sparicotyle 50, 145, 147, 159
chrysophryi, Cyclocotyla 40
chrysophryi, Octobothrium 40
cingulum, Ligula 126
Cithara 74
clavata, Rajonchocotyle 38
clavibothrium, Bothriocephalus 120, 141,
167
claviceps, Bothriocephalus 120, 141
claviceps, Taenia 120
Clefticolletta 95
Cleftocolleta 95
Clestobothrium 121
Clestobothrium crassiceps 121, 152
Clupenurus 91
cluthense, Leioderma 73
cluthense, Steringotrema 73
cluthensis, Steringophorus 73
cobitidis, Ligula 126
coccinea, Phyline 19
coccineum, Tristoma 19
coccineum, Tristoma 20, 162, 165
cochlear, Grubea 44, 157, 167
Coeliodidymocystis 84
Coeliodidymocystis abdominalis 84
Coenomorphus 136
Coenomorphus joyeuxii 134
Coitocaecidae 56
Colletostomum 95
communis, Hemiurus 92, 155
Complexobursa magna 72
concinna, Merizocotyle 36, 144
concinna, Thaumatocotyle 36
confusus, Lecithaster 98, 153, 154, 158
confusus, Ligophorus 24, 151
constrictus, Bunocotyle 96
contortrix, Ligula 126
contortum, Accacoelium 79, 152
contortum, Distoma 79
contortum, Podocotyle 79
contractus, Dicrogaster 75, 143
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conviva, Lecithochirium 93, 155
copulans, Synaptobothrium 96
cornucopia, Anthobothrium 133, 160
cornucopiae, Tetrabothrium 133
corollatum, Calliobothrium 130
corollatus, Tetrarhynchus 134
coronatum, Acanthobothrium 129
coronatum, Onchobothrium 130
coronatum, Acanthobothrium 130, 144,
154, 158, 160, 163
coronatum, Anoikostoma 114, 157
coronatum, Calliobothrium 130
coronatus, Bothriocephalus 130
Coronocestus 125
Coronocestus musteli 125, 154
corvinae, Anoikostoma 114
corvinae, Distoma 114
Cotyloatlantica 40
Cotyloatlantica mediterranea 40, 160
Cotylogonoporum 65
cotylura, Cercaria 57
Cotylurus pileatus 51
crassa, Taenia 123
crassiceps, Bothriocephalus 121
crassiceps, Clestobothrium 121, 152
crassiceps, Dibothrium 121
crassicolle, Acanthobothrium 130, 144
crassigula, Lebourua 60
crassigula, Macvicaria 60, 146, 148, 160
crassigulum, Pachycreadium 60
crassigulus, Plagioporus 60
crassum, Eubothrium 123, 140, 141, 167
crenatum, Distoma 90
crenatus, Brachyphallus 90, 152
crenatus, Fasciola 90
crenatus, Hemiurus 90
Crepidostomum 55
Crepidastomum 55
Crepidostomum farionis 55, 140, 167
Crepidostomum farionis 55
Crepidostomum laureatum 55
Crepidostomum vitellobus 55
crispum, Anthobothrium 133, 153, 156,
168
crispum, Orygmatobothrium 133
cristatum, Distoma 95
cristatum, Lecithocladium 95, 161
Critovitellarium 53
Crossobothrium 133
Crossobothrium campanulatum 134, 149,
168
crucibulum, Distoma (Crossodera) 69
crucibulum, Gasterostomum 69
crucibulum, Monostoma 69
crucibulum, Prosorhynchus 69, 144, 148
Cryptacetabulum 59
Cryptogonimidae 113
Cyclobothrium charcoti 41
Cyclocotyla 40
Cyclocotyla bellones 41
Cyclocotyla chrysophryi 40
Cycloplectanum riouxi 32
Cycloplectanum americanum 31
Cycloplectanum beverleyburtonae 31
Cylindrophorus posteroporus 132
Cylindrophorus typicus 132
Cymbephallus 62
Cypseluritrema 109
Dacticotile 40
Dactycotyle 40
Dactylocotyle 40
Dactylocotyle (Choricotyle) taschenbergi 42
Dactylocotyle phycidis 41
Dactylocotyle squillarum 41
Dactylogirus aequans 26
Dactylogyridea 21
Dactylogyroidea sp. 33
Dactylogyrus 26
Dactylogyrus echeneis 28
dalmatinus, Fistulicola 124
dasybatis, Dasybatotrema 36, 144, 167
dasybatis, Monocotyle 36
Dasybatotrema 36
Dasybatotrema dasybatis 36, 144, 167
Dasyrhynchidae 136
dentalii, Cercaria 99
Deontacylicinae 52
depressa, Metadena 115, 142, 145
depressum, Distomum 115
Dermatodidymocystis 88
Derogenes 81
Derogenes adriaticus 82, 146
Derogenes affine 82, 165, 168
Derogenes latus 82, 150, 153, 164
Derogenes minor 82, 149
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Derogenes ruber 82, 164
Derogenes varicus 83, 152
Derogenidae 81
Deropristidae 101
Deropristis 101
Deropristis hispida 101, 140
Deropristis inflata 101, 140
Dibothriorhynchus 135, 136
Dibothriorhynchus stenocephala 137
Dibothrium 119, 123
Dibothrium angustatum 119
Dibothrium belones 122
Dibothrium crassiceps 121
Dibothrium fragile 124
Dibothrium heteropleurum 122
Dibothrium microcephalum 123
Diclidophora 40
Diclidophora bellones 41, 160
Diclidophora minor 41, 152
Diclidophora phycidis 41, 164
Diclidophora squillarum 41
Diclidophoridae 40
Diclidophoroides 40
Diclidophoropsis 42
Diclidophoropsis taschenbergii 42, 147,
167
Diclybothriidea 37
Dicrocoelium baccigerum 106
Dicrocoelium fasciatum 58
Dicrocoelium labracis 57
Dicrogaster 75
Dicrogaster contractus 75, 143
Dicrogaster perpusilla 75, 143
Didymocylindrus 83
Didymocylindrus filiformis 83, 162
Didymocystis 84
Didymocystis abdominalis 84, 162
Didymocystis bifasciatus 84, 162
Didymocystis dissimilis 88
Didymocystis irregularis 85
Didymocystis kabayashii 86
Didymocystis oesophagicola 84, 162
Didymocystis palati 86
Didymocystis pectoralis 84, 162
Didymocystis pinnicola 85, 162
Didymocystis reniformis 85
Didymocystis semiglobularis 85, 162
Didymocystis spirocauda 86
Didymocystis thynni 85, 162
Didymocystis wedli 86
Didymocystoides 84
Didymocystoides bifasciatus 84
Didymocystoides oesophagicola 84
Didymocystoides pectoralis 84
Didymocystoides pinnicola 85
Didymocystoides semiglobularis 85
Didymodiclinidae 83
Didymoproblema 83
Didymosulcus 85
Didymosulcus irregularis 85, 162
Didymosulcus katsuwonicola 85, 162
Didymosulcus palati 86, 162
Didymosulcus spirocauda 86, 162
Didymosulcus wedli 86, 162, 167
Didymozoidae 83
Didymozooidae 83
Didymozooidea 79
Didymozoon 86
Didymozoon longicolle 86, 162
Didymozoon pretiosum 87, 162
Didymozoon scombri 88
Didymozoon taenioides 87, 152
Didymozoon thynni 86
Didymozoum 86
Didymozoum longicolle 86
Didymozoum taenioides 87
Digenea 7, 51, 140, 166, 278, 279
Digramma 126
Dihemistephanus 103
Dihemistephanus lydiae 103, 152
Dinuridae 89
diodontis, Phyline 19
Diphterostomum 108
Diphterostomum anisotremi 108
Diphterostomum betencourti 108, 158
Diphterostomum brusinae 108, 146, 147,
154, 161
Diphterostomum israelense 109
Diphterostomum luteum 108
Diphterostomum macrosaccum 108
Diphterostomum sargus annularis 108
Diphterostomum spari 108
Diphterostomum tropicum 109
Diphtherostomum 108
Diphyllidea 125
Diphyllobothriidae 126
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Diphyllobothriidea 126
Diplectanidae 26
Diplectanum 26
Diplectanum aculeatum 28
Diplectanum aculeatum 26, 157
Diplectanum aequans 26, 145, 147, 159
Diplectanum americanum 31
Diplectanum chabaudi 27, 165
Diplectanum echeneis 28, 30
Diplectanum laubieri 27, 145, 167
Diplectanum melvillei 27, 165
Diplectanum nagibinae 28, 165
Diplectanum sciaenae 28, 141, 157
Diplectanum scienae 26
Diplectanum simile 28, 157
Diplectanum simile 28
Diplectanum similis 28
diplodi, Polylabris 49
Diplogonoporus wageneri 122
Diploheterocotyla 36
Diplostomida 51
Diplostomoidea 51
Diporus trisignatus 125
Disacanthus 115
Discobothrium 128
Discocotylidae 42
Discogasteroididae 106
Discogasteroidinae 106
discophorus, Tetrarhynchus 137
dissimilis, Didymocystis 88
dissimilis, Oesophagocystis 88, 163
Dissotrematidae 102
Distoma (Brachycaecum) brusinae 108
Distoma (Crossodera) crucibulum 69
Distoma (Dicrocoelium) baccigerum 106
Distoma (Dicrocoelium) pulchellum 58
Distoma affine 82
Distoma appendiculatum 90, 92
Distoma atomon 64
Distoma baccigerum 106
Distoma benedeni 75
Distoma calyptrocotyle 79, 80
Distoma caudiporum 96
Distoma cesticillum 54
Distoma characis 63
Distoma contortum 79
Distoma corvinae 114
Distoma crenatum 90
Distoma cristatum 95
Distoma divergens 73
Distoma fallax 113
Distoma farionis 55
Distoma fasciatum 58
Distoma filiforme 71
Distoma foliatum 80
Distoma gigas 99
Distoma globiporum 66
Distoma gobii 58
Distoma gracilescens 68
Distoma grandiporum 93
Distoma hispida 101
Distoma imbutiforme 116
Distoma laticolle 74
Distoma laureatum 55
Distoma lutea 108
Distoma lymphaticum 99
Distoma macrocotyle 79
Distoma megastomum 99
Distoma microcephalum 66
Distoma nigroflavum 80
Distoma ocreatum 90, 107
Distoma pachysoma 78
Distoma pagelli 73
Distoma polonii 74
Distoma pristis 55
Distoma raynerium 81
Distoma receptaculum 57
Distoma rubellum 110
Distoma scorpaenae 64
Distoma scymna 66
Distoma sinuatum 58
Distoma soleae 62
Distoma tectum 90
Distoma umbrinae 65
Distoma veliporum 66
Distoma ventricosum 90, 92, 107
Distoma verrucosum 57
Distoma viviparus 110
Distomum (Brachycoelium) luteum 108
Distomum (Cryptogonimus) tubarium 114
Distomum (Dicrocoelium) bacillare 104
Distomum (Dicrocoelium) labracis 57
Distomum (Dicrocoelium) verrucosum 57
Distomum (Echinostoma) labracis 57
Distomum (Echinostomum) polonii 105
Distomum alacre 59
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Distomum album 103
Distomum aloysiae 116
Distomum atomon 57
Distomum bacillare 104
Distomum benedeni 75
Distomum betencourti 108
Distomum bicoronatum 53
Distomum brusinae 108
Distomum capitellatum 114
Distomum carnosum 63
Distomum carolinae 107
Distomum depressum 115
Distomum excisum 95
Distomum fractum 102
Distomum furcatum 62
Distomum fuscescens 114
Distomum increscens 104
Distomum inflatum 101
Distomum insigne 66
Distomum italicum 100
Distomum labri 58
Distomum maculatum 72
Distomum micracanthum 100
Distomum monorchis 111
Distomum mulli 111
Distomum obovatum 60, 61
Distomum ocreatum 95
Distomum ocreatus 90
Distomum pedicellata 56
Distomum polonii 105
Distomum polyorchis 53
Distomum pulchellum 58
Distomum raynerianum 81
Distomum retroflexus 109
Distomum rufoviride 93, 95
Distomum soccus 99
Distomum sp. 59
Distomum subtenue 72
Distomum tartinii 111
Distomum tectum 90
Distomum tergestinum 73
Distomum tubarium 114
Distomum vibex 71
Distomum viviparum 75
divergens, Distoma 73
divergens, Fasciola 73
divergens, Orophocotyle 80, 156, 168
divergens, Steringotrema 73, 142
Dolichoenterum 67
Dolichoenterum longissimum 68, 144
dollfusi, Rhabdotobothrium 128, 145, 167
donavini, Microcotyle 47, 161
draconis, Microcotyle 45
dubia, Macvicaria 60, 154
dubium, Allocreadium 60
dubium, Echeneibothrium 129
dujardinii, Acanthobothrium 129
duplicata, Plagiopeltis 44
Dupliciporiidae 108
Echeneibothrium 128
Echeneibothrium dubium 129
Echeneibothrium minimum 128, 129
Echeneibothrium myliobatisaquilae 128,
154
Echeneibothrium simplex 129
Echeneibothrium tumidulum 128, 145
Echeneibothrium variabile 128, 156
echeneis, Bothriocephalus 128
echeneis, Dactylogyrus 28
echeneis, Diplectanum 28, 30
echeneis, Furnestinia 28
echeneis, Lamellodiscus 28, 159
echeneis, Lamellodiscus 28
Echinobothriidae 125
Echinobothrium 125
Echinobothrium affine 126, 156
Echinobothrium brachysoma 126, 148
Echinobothrium musteli 125
Echinobothrium typus 126, 148, 154
Echinobrevivecinae 106
Echinophallidae 122
Echinophallus 122
Echinophallus wageneri 122, 143
Echinostephanus 53
Echinostoma hispida 101
Echinostoma laticolle 74
Echinostoma lydiae 103
Echinostoma pristis 55
Echinostomum fallax 113
Echinostomum hispida 101
Echinostomum imbutiforme 116
Echinostomum cesticillus 54
Ectenurus 91
Ectenurus lepidus 91, 164
Ectenurus trachuri 91
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Ectenurus virgulus 91
elegans, Lamellodiscus 29, 145, 146, 147,
159
elegans, Onchobothrium 131
elongata, Bathycreadium 57, 148
elongata, Nicolla 57
elongatum, Lepidapedon 102, 152, 160
elongatus, Monascus 72
Elstia 117
Elstia stossichianum 117, 157
Elytrophaliidae 90
emarginata, Onchocotyle 37, 38
emarginata, Rajonchocotyle 38, 156
emarginata, Rajonchocotyloides 38
Encotyllabe 20
Encotyllabe vallei 20, 147, 159
Encotyllabidae 18
Epibdella 18
Epibdella monticellii 18
ergensi, Lamellodiscus 29, 147
Ergenstrema 33
Ergenstrema labrosi 33, 143
Ergenstrema mugilis 33, 151
Erpocotyle 37
Erpocotyle laevis 37, 148, 149, 153, 154,
158
erythreaus, Proctoeces 72
erythrini, Lamellodiscus 30, 155
erythrini, Microcotyle 48, 155
eschrichtii, Acanthobothrium 131
eschrichtii, Calliobothrium 131, 153
eschrichtii, Onchobothrium 131
Eubothrium 123
Eubothrium crassum 123, 140, 141, 167
Eubothrium fragile 124, 140
Eubothrium oncorhynhi 123
Eubucephalus 67
Eucestoda 119
Eutetrarhynchidae 134
Eutetrarhynchus 134
Eutetrarhynchus ruficollis 134, 154
euthynni, Hexostoma 44
excisum, Distomum 95
exiguum, Anthobothrium 134
exiguum, Paraorygmatobothrium 134, 160
excisum, Lecithocladium 95, 158
fallax, Anisocladium 113, 153, 165
fallax, Anisogaster 113
fallax, Anoiktostoma 113
fallax, Distoma 113
fallax, Echinostomum 113
farionis, Crepidostomum 55, 140, 167
farionis, Crepidostomum 55
farionis, Distoma 55
farionis, Fasciola 55
fasciata, Helicometra 58, 140, 142, 143,
144, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158,
159, 161, 164
fasciatum, Allocreadium 58
fasciatum, Dicrocoelium 58
fasciatum, Distoma 58
Fasciola appendiculata 92
Fasciola atomon 64
Fasciola crenatus 90
Fasciola divergens 73
Fasciola farionis 55
Fasciola furcata 62
Fasciola gibbosus 98
Fasciola intestinalis 14, 126
Fasciola laureata 55
Fasciola squali grisei 66
Fasciola truttae 55
Fasciola varicus 83
Faustula sayori 107
Faustulidae 106
Fellodistomidae 70
Festucaria pileatus 51
filicolle, Acanthobothrium 130, 163
filiforme, Distoma 71
filiformis, Didymocylindrus 83, 162
filiformis, Haplocladus 71
filiformis, Monascus 71, 143, 152, 164
fillicole var. benedeni, Acanthobothrium 129
fillicole var. fillicole, Acanthobothrium 129
Fimbriatus 62
Fistulicola 124
Fistulicola dalmatinus 124
Fistulicola plicatus 124, 165
flagellatus, Lamellodiscus 30, 150
flava, Helicometra 58
Floricipitidae 136
floridensis, Lecitochirium 94
foliatum, Distoma 80
foliatum, Orophocotyle 80
foliatum, Phyllobothrium 138
forsteri, Cardicola 52, 162
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fractum, Distomum 102
fractum, Podocotyle 102
fractum, Robphilodollfusium 102, 142, 157
fragile, Abothrium 124
fragile, Dibothrium 124
fragile, Eubothrium 124, 140
fragilis, Bothriocephalus 124
fragilis, Bothriotaenia 124
fragilis, Taenia 124
fraternus, Lamellodiscus 30, 146
Fridericianellidae 32
furcata, Fasciola 62
furcatum, Distomum 62
furcatum, Podocotyle 62
furcatum, Poracanthium 65, 153
furcatus, Opecoeloides 62, 153, 159
Furnestinia 28
Furnestinia echeneis 28
fuscescens, Aphallus 114
fuscescens, Distomum 114
fusiforme, Lecithochirium 93
fusiformis, Sterrhurus 93
gigas, Gymnorhynchus 136, 149
gigas, Kenmackenzia 99, 151
gigas, Rhynchobothrium 136
gigas, Scolex 136
globiporum, Distoma 66
globiporum, Sphaerostoma 66, 140, 167
globiporum, Sphaerostomum 66
globosa, Koellikeria 89
globosa, Wedlia 89, 163
gobii, Distoma 58
gobii, Helicometra 58
gobionis, Ligula 126
Gorgoderidae 70
Gorgoderoidea 70
Gotonius 68
gowkongensis, Bothriocephalus 120
gracile, Anisocladium 113, 165
gracile, Anthocephalum 127
gracile, Phyllobothrium 127
gracilescens, Bucephalopsis 68
gracilescens, Distoma 68
gracilescens, Gasterostomum 68
gracilescens, Prosorhynchoides 68, 141,
142, 151
gracilis, Anisogaster 113
grandiporum, Distoma 93
grandiporum, Lecithochirium 93, 141, 144,
149, 153
gravidum, Lecithochirium 93
Grillotiidae 136
Grubea 44
Grubea cochlear 44, 157, 167
Grubea scombri 44
guevarai, Acanthocolpoides 105
gurnardi, Phyllocotyle 51
gurnardi, Platycotyle 51
gurnardi, Plectanocotyle 51, 164
Guschanskiana 79
Gyliauchenidae 102
Gymnophalloidea 70
Gymnorhynchidae 135
Gymnorhynchus 135
Gymnorhynchus gigas 136, 149
Gymnorhynchus moniezi 136
Gymnorhynchus reptans 136
Gyrodactylidae 33
Gyrodactylidea 33
Gyrodactylus 33
galeata, Rhipidocotyle 70, 150
galeatum, Gasterostomum 70
galeatum, Monostomum 70
ganfini, Onchobothrium 132, 158, 166
Gasterostomata 67
Gasterostomatidae 67
Gasterostomatiformes 67
Gasterostomum 67
Gasterostomum crucibulum 69
Gasterostomum galeatum 70
Gasterostomum gracilescens 68
Gasterostomum minimum 67, 70
Gasterostomum tergestina 68
Gastris 71
Gastrocotyle 42
Gastrocotyle japonica 42
Gastrocotyle trachuri 42, 164
Gastrocotylidae 42
Genelopa bacilliovatum 112
ghanense, Lepocreadium 105
ghanensis, Pycnadenoides 65
gibbosus, Fasciola 98
gibbosus, Lecithaster 98, 156, 157, 159,
161, 165
gigas, Distoma 99
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Gyrodactylus
Gyrodactylus
Gyrodactylus
Gyrodactylus
Gyrodactylus
Gyrodactylus
anguillae 33, 140
arcuatus 34, 149
branchialis 34, 155
longipes 34, 159
orecchiae 34, 159
ostendicus 34, 149, 155
Hemiurus luehei 92, 140, 156
Hemiurus ocreatus 92
Hemiurus rugosus 92
Hemiurus stossichi 90, 92
Hemiurus rufoviride 95
Hepatoxilidae 136
Hepatoxylon 136
Hepatoxylon attenuatus 137
Hepatoxylon squali 137
Hepatoxylon stenocephala 137
Hepatoxylon trichiuri 137, 163
herdmani, Nybelinia 137
Heteracanthus pedatus 39
Heteracanthus sagittatus 39
Heteraxine 43
Heteraxine seriolae 43, 158, 167
Heteraxinidae 43
Heterocotyle 36
Heterocotyle pastinacae 36, 144, 167
Heterocotyle scotti 36, 144, 167
Heterocotyle similis 36, 144, 167
heteronchus, Ligophorus 24, 151
Heterophyoidea 113
heteropleura, Amphicotyle 122, 143
heteropleurum, Dibothrium 122
heteropleurus, Bothriocephalus 122
Hexabothriidae 37
Hexabothrium 37
Hexabothrium appendiculatum 38, 158
Hexabothrium canicula 38, 158
Hexacotyle 43
Hexacotyle thynni 44
Hexostoma 43
Hexostoma auxisi 44
Hexostoma euthynni 44
Hexostoma thynni 44, 162
Hexostomatidae 43
hilli, Lamellodiscus 30, 147
hispida, Deropristis 101, 140
hispida, Distoma 101
hispida, Echinostoma 101
hispida, Echinostomum 101
hispidum, Acanthobothrium 130
Holorchis 100
Holorchis ioannoui 100
Holorchis micracanthum 100, 155
Holorchis pycnoporus 100, 150, 155, 156
Hyporhamphitrematidae 75
haerica, Taenia 124
Haliotrema vanbenedenii 25
Halipegidae 81
Haplocladus 71
Haplocladus filiformis 71
Haplocladus minor 71
Haplocladus orientalis 71
Haplocladus typicus 71
Haplocleidus vanbenedenii 25
Haploporidae 74
Haploporoidea 74
Haploporus 75
Haploporus benedeni 75, 143, 151, 154
Haploporus lateralis 75
Haploporus longicollum 76
Haplosplanchnidae 78
Haplosplanchnoidea 78
Haplosplanchnus 78
Haplosplanchnus pachysomus 78, 150,
151
hawaiiensis, Proctoeces 72
Helaphanurus 90
Helicometra 58
Helicometra fasciata 58, 140, 142, 143,
144, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158,
159, 161, 164
Helicometra flava 58
Helicometra gobii 58
Helicometra labri 58
Helicometra mutabilis 58
Helicometra pulchella 58
Helicometra sinuata 58
helmymohamedi, Lecithobotrys 77
helmymohamedi, Saccocoelium 77
Hemiuridae 89
Hemiuroidea 78
Hemiurus 91
Hemiurus appendiculatus 92, 140, 156
Hemiurus appendiculatus 90
Hemiurus communis 92, 155
Hemiurus crenatus 90
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Ichthyiotaenia 127
Ichthyocotylurus 51
Ichthyocotylurus pileatus 51, 140, 167
idonea, Lebouria 63
idoneum, Peracreadium 63, 146, 147, 155,
160, 161
idoneus, Plagioporus 60, 61, 63
ignoratus, Lamellodiscus 30, 147, 150, 159
imbutformis, Acanthochasmus 116
imbutiforme, Acanthostomum 116
imbutiforme, Anoikostoma 116
imbutiforme, Distoma 116
imbutiforme, Echinostomum 116
imbutiforme, Timoniella 116, 145, 146
imitans, Ligophorus 24, 151
inchiharai, Proctoeces 72
increscens, Distomum 104
Indocreadium 63
inerme, Acanthochasmus 114
inerme, Acanthostomum 114
inerme, Calceostoma 32
inermis, Acanthochasmus 114
inermis, Acanthostomum 114
inermis, Calceostomella 32, 157, 165
inflata, Deropristis 101, 140
inflatum, Distomum 101
infulatus, Aspidorhynchus 138
infundibuliformis, Bothriocephalus 123
insigne, Distomum 66
insolita, Xenopera 72
insolitus, Procteces 72
integrum, Tristoma 20, 165
intermedium, Acanthobothrium 130
internogastricus, Koellikerioides 87, 163
intestinalis, Fasciola 14, 126
intestinalis, Koellikerioides 88, 163
intestinalis, Ligula 14, 126, 140, 141, 167
ioannoui, Holorchis 100
irregularis, Didymocystis 85
irregularis, Didymosulcus 85, 162
Isocoelidae 113
Isoparorchioidea 79
israelense, Diphterostomum 109
israelense, Lecithochirium 94
israelensis, Acanthocolpoides 105
israelensis, Bacciger 107, 142
israelensis, Prodistomum 105
italicum, Distomum 100
italicum, Sclerodistomum 100, 150
Jajonetta 93
japonica, Gastrocotyle 42
javanicum, Tiarabothrium 129
Josstaffordia 66
joyeuxii, Coenomorphus 134
kabayashii, Didymocystis 86
Karachitrema 71
Karachitrema trilobata 71
katsuwonicola, Didymosulcus 85, 162
katsuwonicola, Wedlia 85, 86
kechemirae, Amphibaelloides 22
kechemirae, Amphibdelloides 22, 163, 167
Kenmackenzia 99
Kenmackenzia gigas 99, 151
Koellikereiidae 83
Koellikeria globosa 89
Koellikeria reniformis 89
Koellikeriadae 83
Koellikerioides 87
Koellikerioides apicalis 87, 163
Koellikerioides internogastricus 87, 163
Koellikerioides intestinalis 88, 163
Kotorella 137
Kotorella pronosoma 137, 145
Kotorellidae 137
kroyeri, Calicotyle 35, 148, 156
Kuhnia 44
Kuhnia scombri 44, 157
Kuhnia sprostonae 45, 157, 167
labracis, Allocreadium 57
labracis, Atrispinum 49
labracis, Bothriocephalus 120, 146, 167,
168
labracis, Cainocreadium 57, 145, 146
labracis, Dicrocoelium 57
labracis, Distomum (Dicrocoelium) 57
labracis, Distomum (Echinostoma) 57
labracis, Microcotyle 49
labracis, Serranicotyle 49, 145
Labratrema 67
Labratrema minimus 67
labri, Allocreadium 58
labri, Distomum 58
labri, Helicometra 58
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labrosi, Ergenstrema 33, 143
Lacistorhynchidae 136
Lacistorhynchus 136
Lacistorhynchus tenuis 136, 141, 142, 144,
168
laevis, Erpocotyle 37, 148, 149, 153, 154,
158
Lagenocystis 84
laguncula, Aponurus 97, 142
Lamellodiscus 28
Lamellodiscus bidens 28, 147
Lamellodiscus echeneis 28, 159
Lamellodiscus echeneis 28
Lamellodiscus elegans 29, 145, 146, 147,
159
Lamellodiscus ergensi 29, 147
Lamellodiscus erythrini 30, 155
Lamellodiscus flagellatus 30, 150
Lamellodiscus fraternus 30, 146
Lamellodiscus hilli 30, 147
Lamellodiscus ignoratus 30, 147, 150, 159
Lamellodiscus mormyri 31, 150
Lamellodiscus pagrosomi 29
Lamellodiscus serranelli 32
Lamellodiscus sp. 28
Lamellodiscus verberis 31, 150
Lappogonimus 116
Laruea 78
Lasiotocus 111
Lasiotocus bacilliovatum 112
Lasiotocus mulli 111, 153
lata, Cercaria 106
lateralis, Haploporus 75
laticolle, Distoma 74
laticolle, Echinostoma 74
laticollis, Tergestia 74, 146, 161, 162
latus, Derogenes 82, 150, 153, 164
laubieri, Diplectanum 27, 145, 167
laureata, Fasciola 55
laureatum, Crepidostomum 55
laureatum, Distoma 55
Lebouria 63
Lebouria alacris 59
Lebouria idonea 63
Lebourua crassigula 60
Lechradena 53
Lecithaster 97
Lecithaster atherinae 97, 141, 142, 159,
168
Lecithaster confusus 98, 153, 154, 158
Lecithaster gibbosus 98, 156, 157, 159,
161, 165
Lecithaster stellatus 98, 145, 160
Lecithasteridae 97
Lecithobotrys 76
Lecithobotrys aegyptiacus 77
Lecithobotrys helmymohamedi 77
Lecithobotrys putrescens 76, 150
Lecithochiriidae 89
Lecithochirium 93
Lecithochirium conviva 93, 155
Lecithochirium fusiforme 93
Lecithochirium grandiporum 93, 141, 144,
149, 153
Lecithochirium gravidum 93
Lecithochirium israelense 94
Lecithochirium musculus 94, 141, 142,
143, 144, 149, 155, 158, 159, 161, 164
Lecithochirium physcon 94, 151, 168
Lecithochirium rufoviride 95, 140, 141,
143, 144, 146, 148, 155
Lecithocladium 95
Lecithocladium cristatum 95, 161
Lecithocladium excisum 95, 158
Lecithostaphylus 109
Lecithostaphylus retroflexus 109, 142
Lecitochirium branchialis 94
Lecitochirium floridensis 94
Leioderma cluthense 73
Lepidapedidae 102
Lepidapedon 102
Lepidapedon elongatum 102, 152, 160
Lepidapedon microcotyleum 102
Lepidauchen 52
Lepidauchen stenostoma 52, 146, 150,
155, 161
lepidus, Ectenurus 91, 164
Lepocreadiidae 103
Lepocreadioidea 100
Lepocreadium 103
Lepocreadium album 103, 146, 147, 160
Lepocreadium ghanense 105
Lepocreadium pegorchis 104, 160
Lepocreadium puriense 105
Lepocreadium retrusum 105
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Lepocreadium scombri 105
Lepodora 102
Leuceruthridae 66
leucisci, Ligula 126
Ligophorus 23
Ligophorus acuminatus 23, 151
Ligophorus angustus 23, 143
Ligophorus chabaudi 24, 153
Ligophorus confusus 24, 151
Ligophorus heteronchus 24, 151
Ligophorus imitans 24, 151
Ligophorus macrocolpos 24, 151
Ligophorus minimus 25, 151
Ligophorus parvicirrus 25, 151
Ligophorus szidati 25, 150
Ligophorus vanbenedenii 25, 150, 154
Ligula 126
Ligula abdominalis 126
Ligula avium 126
Ligula carpionis 126
Ligula cingulum 126
Ligula cobitidis 126
Ligula contortrix 126
Ligula gobionis 126
Ligula intestinalis 14, 126, 140, 141, 167
Ligula leucisci 126
Ligula monogramma 126
Ligula salvelini 126
Ligula simplicissima 126
Ligula simplissima 124
Ligula tincae 126
Ligula uniserialis 126
linguale, Stenobothrium 138
lingualis, Nybelinia 138, 154
lingualis, Tetrarhynchus 138
lintoni, Onchobothrium 132, 158, 166
lintoni, Proctoeces 72
Lintonium 71
Lintonium vibex 71, 142
Liocerca 81
Liocercidae 81
Liopyge 81
Lissorchiidae 110
Lobatovitelliovariidae 97
Loborchis mutabilis 58
Lomaphorus 71
Lomaphorus wardi 71
Lomasoma 71
Lomasoma wardi 71, 152
longicolle, Didymozoon 86, 162
longicolle, Didymozoum 86
longicollum, Haploporus 76
longicollum, Wlassenkotrema 76
longipes, Gyrodactylus 34, 159
longipes, Trochopus 21
longissimum, Abothrium 123
longissimum, Dolichoenterum 68, 144
lorenzii, Plectanocotyle 51
luehei, Hemiurus 92, 140, 156
lupi, Udonella 35, 145
lutea, Cercaria 106
lutea, Distoma 108
luteum, Brachycoelium 108
luteum, Diphterostomum 108
luteum, Distomum (Brachycoelium) 108
lydiae, Dihemistephanus 103, 152
lydiae, Echinostoma 103
lydiae, Stephanostomum 103
lymphaticum, Distoma 99
Mabiarama 99
Mabiaramidae 99
macallumi, Amphibdelloides 23
Maclarenozoum 88
macrocephalus, Proteocephalus 127, 141,
167
macrocephalus, Taenia 127
macrocolpos, Ligophorus 24, 151
macrocotyle, Accacladocoelium 79, 152
macrocotyle, Distoma 79
macrocotyle, Podocotyle 79
macrosaccum, Diphterostomum 108
maculata, Capsala 19
maculatum, Distomum 72
maculatum, Tristoma 19
maculatus, Proctoeces 72, 149, 156, 161
Macvicaria 59
Macvicaria alacris 59, 161
Macvicaria crassigula 60, 146, 148, 160
Macvicaria dubia 60, 154
Macvicaria maillardi 61, 159
Macvicaria mormyri 61, 150
Macvicaria obovata 61, 160
Macvicaria soleae 62, 142, 146, 154
magna, Complexobursa 72
Magnacetabulum 91
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Magnapharyngium 95
Magniscyphus 93
maillardi, Macvicaria 61, 159
major, Proctoeces 72
Manteroderma 109
markevitschi, Taurimazocraes 45, 148, 167
Markevitschiella 73
markewitschi, Asymphylodora 111, 140,
167
markewitschi, Pseudanthocotyle 45
martinieri, Capsala 19, 152
Mazocraeidae 44
Mazocraeidea 39
Mazocraes 44
Mazocraes scombri 44
mediterranea, Chauhanea 40
mediterranea, Cotyloatlantica 40, 160
mediterranea, Pseudochauhanea 40
Megalocotyle 21
Megaloncidae 40
Megasolenidae 75
megastomum, Distoma 99
megastomus, Ptychogonimus 99, 148, 154
melvillei, Diplectanum 27, 165
Merizocotyle 36
Merizocotyle concinna 36, 144
merlangi, Octobothrium 41
merlangi, Octocotyle 41
merluccii, Anthocotyle 42, 152
merlucii americanum, Anthocotyle 42
Mesocotyle squillarum 41
Mesometra 118
Mesometra brachycoelia 118, 157
Mesometra orbicularis 118, 142
Mesometridae 117
Mesometrinae 117
Metadena 115
Metadena depressa 115, 142, 145
Metadena pauli 115, 157
Metahemiurus 92
Metamicrocotyla 47
Metamicrocotyla cephalus 47, 143, 153
micracanthum, Distomum 100
micracanthum, Holorchis 100, 155
microcephalum, Dibothrium 123
microcephalum, Distoma 66
microcephalus, Anchistrocephalus 123,
152
microcephalus, Ancistrocephalus 123
microcirrus, Arnola 81, 146
microcirrus, Arnoldia 81
Microcotyle 47
Microcotyle alcedinis 47
Microcotyle canthari 48
Microcotyle cephalus 47
Microcotyle chrysophrii 50
Microcotyle donavini 47, 161
Microcotyle draconis 45
Microcotyle erythrini 48, 155
Microcotyle labracis 49
Microcotyle mormyri 48
Microcotyle mugilis 50
Microcotyle salpae 46
Microcotyle sargi 46
Microcotyle sebastis 48, 149
Microcotyle trachini 45
microcotyleum, Lepidapedon 102
Microcotylidae 45
Microcotyloides tubicirrus 49
Microphalloidea 106
minimum, Echeneibothrium 128, 129
minimum, Gasterostomum 67, 70
minimum, Rhinebothrium 129
minimum, Scalithrium 129, 145
minimus, Bucephalus 67, 146
minimus, Labratrema 67
minimus, Ligophorus 25, 151
minor, Derogenes 82, 149
minor, Diclidophora 41, 152
minor, Haplocladus 71
minor, Monascus 71
minus, Octobothrium 41
Minutocauda 90
minutum, Stephanochasmus 55
minutum, Stephanostomum 55, 165
mirus, Zoogonus 110
Mneiodhneria 80
Mneiodhneria calyptrocotyle 80
molae, Monostoma 87
Molicolidae 135
Monascidae 71
Monascus 71
Monascus chauhani 71
Monascus elongatus 72
Monascus filiformis 71, 143, 152, 164
Monascus minor 71
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Monascus netoi 71
Monascus orientalis 71
Monascus ovilobatus 72
Monascus typicus 71
moniezi, Gymnorhynchus 136
Monobothrium punctulatum 125
Monocotyle 37
Monocotyle dasybatis 36
Monocotyle myliobatis 37, 154
Monocotylidae 35
Monocotylidea 35
Monocotyloides 36
Monogenea 7, 18, 140, 166
monogramma, Ligula 126
Monopisthocotylea 18
Monorcheides petrowi 107
Monorchiidae 111
Monorchioidea 110
Monorchis 111
Monorchis monorchis 111, 141, 142, 146,
148, 155, 160
Monorchis parvus 112, 146, 147
Monorchis parvus 111
monorchis, Distomum 111
monorchis, Monorchis 111, 141, 142, 146,
148, 155, 160
Monorchistephanostomum 53
Monorygma rotundum 139
Monostoma crucibulum 69
Monostoma molae 87
Monostomum bipartitum 89
Monostomum capitellata 118
Monostomum galeatum 70
Monostomum orbiculare 118
Monostomum spinosissima 117
Monostomum stossichianum 117
monticellii, Benedenia 18, 150
monticellii, Epibdella 18
monticellii, Parabenedenia 18
monticellii, Phylline 18
Mordvilkoviaster 97
mormyri, Allocreadium 61
mormyri, Atrispinum 48
mormyri, Lamellodiscus 31, 150
mormyri, Macvicaria 61, 150
mormyri, Microcotyle 48
mormyri, Pagellicotyle 48, 150, 159
mugilis, Ergenstrema 33, 151
mugilis, Microcotyle 50
mugilis, Solostamenides 50, 143, 151
mulli, Distomum 111
mulli, Lasiotocus 111, 153
musculus, Brachicephallus 94
musculus, Brachyphallus 94
musculus, Lecithochirium 94, 141, 142,
143, 144, 149, 155, 158, 159, 161, 164
musculus, Sterrhurus 94
musteli, Anthobothrium 134
musteli, Coronocestus 125, 154
musteli, Echinobothrium 125
musteli, Orygmatobothrium 134, 154
musteli, Tetrabothrium 134
Mustelicolidae 136
mutabilis, Helicometra 58
mutabilis, Loborchis 58
myliobatis, Monocotyle 37, 154
myliobatisaquilae, Echeneibothrium 128,
154
nagibinae, Diplectanum 28, 165
Nannoenteron 69
narinari, Nybelinia 137
Nemathobothrium 88
Nematobothrium (Didymozoon) taenioides 87
Nematobothrium scombri 88, 157, 158
Neoaphanurus 90
Neobivagina 48
Neobivagina canthari 48, 160
Neobucephalopsis 68
Neodiphterostomum 108
Neoerpocotyle 37
Neohaploporus 75
Neohysterolecitha 93
Neolepidapedon retrusum 105
Neopechona 104
Neophasiinae 52
Neosaccocoelium 76
Neosaccocoelium aegyptiacus 77
Neostephanostomum 53
Neostrigeidae 51
netoi, Monascus 71
Nicolla elongata 57
nicolli, Baciger 106
nicolli, Pseudobacciger 106
nigroflavum, Distoma 80
Notoporidae 56
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Nybelinia 138
Nybelinia herdmani 137
Nybelinia lingualis 138, 154
Nybelinia narinari 137
Nybelinia pronosomum 137
Nybelinia rhynchobatus 137
Nybelinidae 137
Onchobothriidae 129
Onchobothrium 131
Onchobothrium coronatum 130
Onchobothrium elegans 131
Onchobothrium eschrichtii 131
Onchobothrium ganfini 132, 158, 166
Onchobothrium lintoni 132, 158, 166
Onchobothrium uncinatum 132, 148
Onchobothrium verticillatum 131
Onchocotyle 37
Onchocotyle appendiculatum 38
Onchocotyle borealis 38
Onchocotyle canicula 38
Onchocotyle emarginata 37, 38
Onchocotyle prenanti 38
Onchomegas 135
Onchomegas wageneri 135, 144, 167
Oncomegas 135
oncorhynhi, Eubothrium 123
Opechona 104
Opechona bacillaris 104, 143, 157, 158
Opechona orientalis 105
Opechona polonii 105
Opechona scombri 105
Opecoelidae 56
Opecoeloidea 52
Opecoeloides 62
Opecoeloides furcatus 62, 153, 159
Opisthorchioidea 112
Opistorchoidea 113
orbiculare, Monostomum 118
orbicularis, Mesometra 118, 142
Orchipedoidea 70
orecchiae, Gyrodactylus 34, 159
orientalis, Haplocladus 71
orientalis, Monascus 71
orientalis, Opechona 105
orientalis, Pharyngora 105
orientalis, Prodistomum 105, 148, 157,
158, 160, 165
Orientophorus 107
Orientophorus caspialosae 108
Orientophorus petrowi 107
Orientophorus sayori 107
Orientotrema 111
Orophocotyle 80
Orophocotyle calyptrocotyle 80
Orophocotyle divergens 80, 156, 168
obesum, Saccocoelium 76, 143, 150, 151
obovata, Macvicaria 61, 160
obovatum, Allocreadium 61
obovatum, Distomum 60, 61
obovatum, Pachycreadium 60, 61
obovatum, Plagioporus 61
ocreata, Pronopyge 107
ocreatum, Apoblema 107
ocreatum, Distoma 90, 107
ocreatum, Distomum 95
ocreatus, Distomum 90
ocreatus, Hemiurus 92
Octobothrium 44
Octobothrium bellones 41
Octobothrium chrysophryi 40
Octobothrium merlangi 41
Octobothrium minus 41
Octobothrium scombri 44
Octobothrium smaris 41
Octobothrium squillarum 41
Octobothrium taschenbergi 42
Octocotyle 44
Octocotyle arcuata 39
Octocotyle merlangi 41
Octocotyle scombri 45
Octocotyle truncata 44
Octodactylus 40
Octoplectanum 44
Octoplectanum trunvatum 45
Octostoma 44
Octostoma scombri 44
odhneri, Podocotyle 64
Odhnerium 80
Odhnerium calyptocotyle 80, 152
oesophagicola, Didymocystis 84, 162
oesophagicola, Didymocystoides 84
Oesophagocystis 88
Oesophagocystis dissimilis 88, 163
onchacanthus, Trochopus 21, 167, 168,
278, 280
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Orophocotyle foliatum 80
Orophocotyle planci 80, 156
orphi, Axine 39
Orygmatobothrium 134
Orygmatobothrium crispum 133
Orygmatobothrium musteli 134, 154
Orygmatobothrium versatile 134
ostendicus, Gyrodactylus 34, 149, 155
ostraea, Proctoeces 72
Otobothrium pronosomum 137
Otodistoma scymni 66
Otodistomum 66
Otodistomum plicatum 66
Otodistomum veliporum 66, 144, 166
Otodistomum veliporum leptotheca 66
Otodistomum veliporum pachytheca 66
ovata, Tetracotyle 51
ovilobatus, Monascus 72
Ovotrema 106
Ovotrema pontica 106
Paracryptogonimus aloysiae 116
Paradiplangus 71
Paradiplectanotrema 26
Paradiplectanotrema sp. 26, 143, 148, 164,
168
Paradiplobulbus 71
paradoxa, Rhynchopharynx 80, 152
Paramphistomoidea 117
Parantorchiinae 106
Paraorygmatobothrium exiguum 134, 160
Parapleorchis 53
Paraprosorhynchus 69
Pararhipidocotyle 70
Parasymphilodora 110
Paratetrochetus 81
Parectenurus 91
paronaperugiae, Amphibdella 22, 163, 167
parvicirrus, Ligophorus 25, 151
parvum, Anthobothrium 134
parvus, Monorchis 111
parvus, Monorchis 112, 146, 147
pastinacae, Heterocotyle 36, 144, 167
pastinacae, Phyllobothrium 139, 145, 167
pauli, Achoerus 115
pauli, Metadena 115, 157
pauloi, Acanthocolpoides 105
pauloi, Prodistomum 105
paulum, Acanthobothrium 131, 145, 167
pectinata, Cercaria 106
pectoralis, Didymocystis 84, 162
pectoralis, Didymocystoides 84
pedatus, Heteracanthus 39
pedicellata, Allopodocotyle 56, 159
pedicellata, Distomum 56
pedicellatum, Podocotyle 56
pegorchis, Allocreadium 104
pegorchis, Lepocreadium 104, 160
pelamydis, Caballerocotyla 19
pelamydis, Capsala 19, 156
pelamydis, Tristomum 19
Penetrocephalus 119
Pentagramma 107
Pentagramma carolinae 107
Pentagramma petrowi 107
Pentagramma symmetricum 108
Pentagramminae 106
Peracreadium 63
Peracreadium characis 63, 147
Pachycreadium 62
Pachycreadium carnosum 63, 145
Pachycreadium crassigulum 60
Pachycreadium obovatum 60, 61
pachysoma, Distoma 78
pachysomum, Podocotyle 78
pachysomus, Haplosplanchnus 78, 150,
151
pagelli, Choricotyle 40
pagelli, Distoma 73
pagelli, Steringotrema 73, 146, 161
pagelli, Steringotrema (Ovotrema) 73
Pagellicotyle 48
Pagellicotyle mormyri 48, 150, 159
pagrosomi, Lamellodiscus 29
Palaezia 116
palati, Didymocystis 86
palati, Didymsulcus 86, 162
paleaceum, Rhynchobothrius 138
papernai, Saturnius 96, 151
papillifer, Prochristianella 135, 145, 168
papillosa, Capsala 20
papillosum, Tristoma 20
Parabenedenia 18
Parabenedenia monticellii 18
Paracardicolinae 52
Paracryptogonimus 116
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Peracreadium idoneum 63, 146, 147, 155,
160, 161
perpusilla, Dicrogaster 75, 143
Petalocephalus 129
Petalostoma 129
petasiporum, Accacladocoelium 79, 152
petrowi, Baciger 107
petrowi, Monorcheides 107
petrowi, Orientophorus 107
petrowi, Pentagramma 107
petrowi, Pronoprymna 107, 140, 141, 156
petrowi, Pseudopentagramma 107
Pharyngora 104
Pharyngora bacillaris 104
Pharyngora orientalis 105
Pharyngora polonii 105
Pharyngora retractilis 104
phycidis, Dactylocotyle 41
phycidis, Diclidophora 41, 164
Phylline 18
Phyline coccinea 19
Phyline diodontis 19
Phylline monticellii 18
Phyllobothriidae 132
Phyllobothrium 138
Phyllobothrium auricula 138, 145, 167
Phyllobothrium foliatum 138
Phyllobothrium gracile 127
Phyllobothrium pastinacae 139, 145, 167
Phyllobothrium rotundum 139, 149, 167,
168
Phyllobothrium thridax 139, 156, 160, 167
Phyllochorus 70
Phyllocotyle 51
Phyllocotyle gurnardi 51
Phyllodistomidae 70
Phyllodistomum 70
Phyllodistomum acceptum 70, 161, 162
physcon, Lecithochirium 94, 151, 168
pileatus, Cotylurus 51
pileatus, Festucaria 51
pileatus, Ichthyocotylurus 51, 140, 167
pilula, Bothriocephalus 121
pini, Placunella 21
pini, Tristomum 21
pini, Trochopus 21, 143
pinnicola, Didymocystis 85, 162
pinnicola, Didymocystoides 85
Placunella 20
Placunella pini 21
Placunella vallei 18
Plagiopeltis 43
Plagiopeltis duplicata 44
Plagioporus 64
Plagioporus alacer 60
Plagioporus alacris 59
Plagioporus crassigulus 60
Plagioporus idoneus 60, 61, 63
Plagioporus obovatum 61
Plagioporus sp. 60
Plagioporus stefanskii 64, 141, 167
Plagioporus varicus 60
Plagioporus varius 62
Plagiorchiida 52
planci, Orophocotyle 80, 156
planci, Podocotyle 80
Platocystis 88
Platocystis alalongae 89, 163
Platybothrium 132
Platybothrium auriculatum 132, 156, 166
Platybothrium baeri 132
Platycotyle 51
Platycotyle gurnardi 51
Platyhelminthes 7, 14, 18, 278, 279
platyura, Axine 39
Plectanocotyle 50
Plectanocotyle caudata 51
Plectanocotyle gurnardi 51, 164
Plectanocotyle lorenzii 51
Plectanocotylidae 50
Plectanophorus 50
Pleorchiidae 52
Pleorchis 53
Pleorchis polyorchis 53, 157
Plesiodistomum 70
Pleurocotyle 44
Pleurocotyle scombri 44
Pleurocotylus 44
Pleurogenes betencourti 108
Pleurogenes brusinae 108
pleuronectis, Scolex 139, 141, 142, 143,
144, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 159,
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167
plicatum, Otodistomum 66
plicatus, Fistulicola 124, 165
Podocotyle 64
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Podocotyle atomon 64, 141, 149, 150, 152
Podocotyle contortum 79
Podocotyle fractum 102
Podocotyle furcatum 62
Podocotyle macrocotyle 79
Podocotyle odhneri 64
Podocotyle pachysomum 78
Podocotyle pedicellatum 56
Podocotyle planci 80
Podocotyle scorpaenae 64, 158
Podocotyle umbrinae 65
Podocotylidae 56
Podocotyloidea 52
Polipobothrium vaccarii 129
polonii, Distoma 74
polonii, Distomum 105
polonii, Distomum (Echinostomum) 105
polonii, Opechona 105
polonii, Pharyngora 105
polonii, Prodistomum 105, 164
Polylabris 49
Polylabris diplodi 49
Polylabris tubicirrus 49, 146, 147
Polyonchobothrium 123
Polyopisthocotylea 37
Polyorchis 53
polyorchis, Distomum 53
polyorchis, Pleorchis 53, 157
Polystoma appendiculata 38
Polystomum appendiculatum 37
pontica, Ovotrema 106
ponticum, Acanthobothrium 130
ponticum, Steringotrema (Ovotrema) 106
Poracanthium 65
Poracanthium furcatum 65, 153
portsaidensis, Saccocoelium 77
posteroporus, Cylindrophorus 132
praeteritum, Acanthochasmus 116
praeteritum, Timoniella 116, 146
prenanti, Onchocotyle 38
prenanti, Rajonchocotyle 38, 148, 156
pretiosum, Didymozoon 87, 162
Pristicolinae 101
pristis, Distoma 55
pristis, Echinostoma 55
pristis, Stephanochasmus 55
pristis, Stephanostomum 55, 164
proboscideus, Bothriocephalus 123
Prochristianella 135
Prochristianella papillifer 135, 145, 168
Prochristianella tenuispine 135, 145, 168
Prochristianella trygonicola 135
Procteces insolitus 72
Proctoeces 72
Proctoeces buccini 72
Proctoeces erythreaus 72
Proctoeces hawaiiensis 72
Proctoeces inchiharai 72
Proctoeces lintoni 72
Proctoeces maculatus 72, 149, 156, 161
Proctoeces major 72
Proctoeces ostraea 72
Proctoeces progeneticus 72
Proctoeces scrobiculariae 72
Proctoeces subtenuis 72
Proctotrema 112
Proctotrema bacilliovatum 112, 153
Prodistomum 104
Prodistomum israelensis 105
Prodistomum orientalis 105, 148, 157, 158,
160, 165
Prodistomum pauloi 105
Prodistomum polonii 105, 164
progeneticus, Proctoeces 72
Pronoprymna 107
Pronoprymna petrowi 107, 140, 141, 156
Pronoprymna ventricosa 107
Pronoprymna ventricosum 107, 140
Pronopyge 92
Pronopyge carolinae 107
Pronopyge ocreata 107
Pronopyge ventricosa 107
pronosoma, Kotorella 137, 145
pronosomum, Nybelinia 137
pronosomum, Otobothrium 137
pronosomum, Rhynchobothrium 137
Prosorhynchidae 67
Prosorhynchoides 68
Prosorhynchoides gracilescens 68, 141,
142, 151
Prosorhynchoides tergestinum 68, 149
Prosorhynchus 68
Prosorhynchus aculeatus 69, 141
Prosorhynchus crucibulum 69, 144, 148
Prostatomicrocotyla 49
Prosthecobothrium 129
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Prosterrhurus 91
Proteocephalidae 127
Proteocephalidea 127
Proteocephalus 127
Proteocephalus macrocephalus 127, 141,
167
Protolamellodiscus 32
Protolamellodiscus raibauti 32, 146
Protolamellodiscus serranelli 32, 159
Psettariinae 52
Pseudanthocotyle markewitschi 45
Pseudantorchis 73
Pseudaxine 43
Pseudaxine trachuri 43, 164
Pseudeubothrium 124
Pseudeubothrium xiphiados 124
Pseudobacciger nicolli 106
Pseudochauhanea mediterranea 40
Pseudopentagramma 107
Pseudopentagramma caspialosae 108
Pseudopentagramma petrowi 107
Pseudopentagramma symmetricum 108
Pseudorhabdosynochus 31
Pseudorhabdosynochus beverleyburtonae
31, 148
Pseudorhabdosynochus riouxi 32, 148
Pseudosellacotylinae 106
Pseudosiphoderoides 115
Ptychobothrium 121
Ptychobothrium belones 122, 142
Ptychogonimidae 99
Ptychogonimus 99
Ptychogonimus megastomus 99, 148, 154
pulchella, Helicometra 58
pulchellum, Distoma (Dicrocoelium) 58
pulchellum, Distomum 58
punctatus, Bothriocephalus 120
punctulatum, Monobothrium 125
punctulatus, Caryophyllaeus 125, 144, 168
puriense, Lepocreadium 105
putrescens, Lecithobotrys 76, 150
Pycnadenoides 65
Pycnadenoides ghanensis 65
Pycnadenoides umbrinae 65, 165
pycnoporus, Holorchis 100, 150, 155, 156
Rajonchocotyle clavata 38
Rajonchocotyle emarginata 38, 156
Rajonchocotyle prenanti 38, 148, 156
Rajonchocotyloides emarginata 38
raynerianum, Accacoelium 81
raynerianum, Distomum 81
raynerianus, Tetrochetus 81
raynerii, Tetrochetus 81, 151
raynerium, Distoma 81
receptaculum, Distoma 57
Renibulbidae 134
reniformis, Didymocystis 85
reniformis, Koellikeria 89
reniformis, Wedlia 89, 163
reptans, Gymnorhynchus 136
retractilis, Pharyngora 104
retroflexum, Steganoderma 109
retroflexus, Distomum 109
retroflexus, Lecithostaphylus 109, 142
retrusum, Lepocreadium 105
retrusum, Neolepidapedon 105
Rhabdotobothrium 128
Rhabdotobothrium dollfusi 128, 145, 167
Rhinebothriidea 127
Rhinebothrium minimum 129
Rhinobothriidae 127
Rhipidocotyle 69
Rhipidocotyle galeata 70, 150
Rhodotrema 73
rhombi, Bothriocephalus 120
rhynchobatus, Nybelinia 137
Rhynchobothrium gigas 136
Rhynchobothrium pronosomum 137
Rhynchobothrium tubiceps 138
Rhynchobothrium wageneri 135
Rhynchobothrium wagneri 135
Rhynchobothrius paleaceum 138
Rhynchopharynx 80
Rhynchopharynx paradoxa 80, 152
riouxi, Cycloplectanum 32
riouxi, Pseudorhabdosynochus 32, 148
Robphildollfusiidae 102
Robphilodollfusium 102
Robphilodollfusium fractum 102, 142, 157
rotundatum, Tristomum 20
rotundum, Monorygma 139
rotundum, Phyllobothrium 139, 149, 167,
168
raibauti, Protolamellodiscus 32, 146
Rajonchocotyle 38
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rubellum, Distoma 110
rubellus, Zoogonus 110, 144, 162
ruber, Derogenes 82, 164
rudolphiana, Capsala 19
rudolphianum, Tristoma 19
Rudolphimus 69
Rufferidae 137
ruficolis, Tetrarhynchus 134
ruficollis, Eutetrarhynchus 134, 154
rufoviride, Distomum 93, 95
rufoviride, Hemiurus 95
rufoviride, Lecithochirium 95, 140, 141,
143, 144, 146, 148, 155
rugosus, Hemiurus 92
Ryjkovia 114
scolecinus-cepole, Tetrarhynchus 135
Scolex 139
Scolex gigas 136
Scolex pleuronectis 139, 141, 142, 143,
144, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 159,
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167
scombri, Didymozoon 88
scombri, Grubea 44
scombri, Kuhnia 44, 157
scombri, Mazocraes 44
scombri, Nematobothrium 88, 157, 158
scombri, Octobothrium 44
scombri, Octocotyle 45
scombri, Octostoma 44
scombri, Opechona 105
scombri, Lepocreadium 105
scombri, Pleurocotyle 44
scorpaenae, Distoma 64
scorpaenae, Podocotyle 64, 158
scorpii, Bothriocephalus 120, 141
scotti, Heterocotyle 36, 144, 167
scrobiculariae, Proctoeces 72
scymna, Distoma 66
scymni, Otodistoma 66
sebastis, Microcotyle 48, 149
semiglobularis, Didymocystis 85, 162
semiglobularis, Didymocystoides 85
seminalis, Atriaster 46
seminalis, Atrispinum 46, 147
semnovesiculum, Acanthobothrium 129
sentum, Stephanostomum 55
Separogermiductes 93
seriolae, Axine 43
seriolae, Heteraxine 43, 158, 167
serranelli, Calydiscoides 32
serranelli, Lamellodiscus 32
serranelli, Protolamellodiscus 32, 159
Serranicotyle 49
Serranicotyle labracis 49, 145
simile, Diplectanum 28, 157
simile, Diplectanum 28
similis, Diplectanum 28
similis, Heterocotyle 36, 144, 167
simplex, Echeneibothrium 129
simplicissima, Ligula 126
simplissima, Ligula 124
Sinicovothylacidae 67
sinuata, Helicometra 58
Saccocoelium 76
Saccocoelium helmymohamedi 77
Saccocoelium obesum 76, 143, 150, 151
Saccocoelium portsaidensis 77
Saccocoelium saoudi 77
Saccocoelium tensum 77, 150, 151
sagittatus, Bothriocephalus 123
sagittatus, Heteracanthus 39
salpae, Atrispinum 46, 156
salpae, Microcotyle 46
salvelini, Ligula 126
sanguinea, Capsala 19
Sanguinicolidae 52
Santeria 114
saoudi, Saccocoelium 77
sargi, Microcotyle 46
sargi, Vulvostella 46
sargus annularis, Diphterostomum 108
Saturnius 96
Saturnius papernai 96, 151
sayori, Faustula 107
sayori, Orientophorus 107
Scalithrium 129
Scalithrium minimum 129, 145
Schistosomatoidea 52
Schyzocotyle 119
sciaenae, Diplectanum 28, 141, 157
scienae, Diplectanum 26
Sclerodistomidae 99
Sclerodistomum 99
Sclerodistomum italicum 100, 150
scolecinus, Tetrarhynchus 135
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sinuatum, Allocreadium 58
sinuatum, Distoma 58
Siphoderidae 113
Siphoderina 116
Siphoderina aloysiae 116, 157
Siphoderoides 115
Skrjabiniella 68
smaris, Octobothrium 41
soccus, Distomum 99
soleae, Distoma 62
soleae, Macvicaria 62, 142, 146, 154
Solostamenides 49
Solostamenides mugilis 50, 143, 151
spari, Diphterostomum 108
Sparicotyle 50
Sparicotyle chrysophrii 50, 145, 147, 159
Spathidium 70
Sphaerostoma 65
Sphaerostoma globiporum 66, 140, 167
Sphaerostomum globiporum 66
Sphyriocephalidae 139
Sphyriocephalus 137
Sphyriocephalus tergestinus 137, 140
spinosissima, Centroderma 117, 156
spinosissima, Monostomum 117
spinosissima, Stossichiella 117
spirocauda, Didymocystis 86
spirocauda, Didymosulcus 86, 162
Spongiobothrium 129
Spongiobothrium variabile 129, 143
sprostonae, Kuhnia 45, 157, 167
squali grisei, Fasciola 66
squali, Hepatoxylon 137
Squalonchocotyle vulgaris 37
Squamodiscus 26
squillarum, Dactylocotyle 41
squillarum, Diclidophora 41
squillarum, Mesocotyle 41
squillarum, Octobothrium 41
stefanskii, Plagioporus 64, 141, 167
Steganoderma (Opisthoarchiotrema) 109
Steganoderma retroflexum 109
Steganodermatidae 108
stellatus, Lecithaster 98, 145, 160
Stenobothrium linguale 138
stenocephala, Dibothriorhynchus 137
stenocephala, Hepatoxylon 137
Stenopera 58
stenostoma, Lepidauchen 52, 146, 150,
155, 161
Stephanochasmus 53
Stephanochasmus caducum 54
Stephanochasmus caducus var. lusci 54
Stephanochasmus cesticillus 54
Stephanochasmus minutum 55
Stephanochasmus pristis 55
Stephanophiala 55
Stephanophiala vitelloba 55
Stephanostominae 52
Stephanostomum 53
Stephanostomum bicoronatum 53, 165
Stephanostomum caducum 54, 151, 164
Stephanostomum cesticillum 54, 151
Stephanostomum cesticillus 54
Stephanostomum lydiae 103
Stephanostomum minutum 55, 165
Stephanostomum pristis 55, 164
Stephanostomum sentum 55
Steringophoridae 70
Steringophorus cluthensis 73
Steringotrema 73
Steringotrema (Ovotrema) pagelli 73
Steringotrema (Ovotrema) ponticum 106
Steringotrema cluthense 73
Steringotrema divergens 73, 142
Steringotrema pagelli 73, 146, 161
Sterrhurus 93
Sterrhurus fusiformis 93
Sterrhurus musculus 94
stossichi, Aphanurus 90, 142, 155, 156,
158
stossichi, Apoblema 90
stossichi, Calicotyle 35, 154
stossichi, Hemiurus 90, 92
stossichianum, Centroderma 117
stossichianum, Elstia 117, 157
stossichianum, Monostomum 117
Stossichiella 117
Stossichiella spinosissima 117
striata, Vallisia 39, 150
Strigeidae 51
Strigeoidea 51
subtenue, Distomum 72
subtenuis, Proctoeces 72
symmetricum, Pentagramma 108
symmetricum, Pseudopentagramma 108
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Synaptobothrium 96
Synaptobothrium caudiporum 96, 165
Synaptobothrium copulans 96
szidati, Ligophorus 25, 150
tetraodontis, Taenia 123
Tetraonchidae 33
Tetraonchus 21
Tetraonchus torpedinis 22
Tetraonchus vanbenedenii 25
Tetraphyllidea 129
Tetrarhynchus 138
Tetrarhynchus cepola-rubescens 135
Tetrarhynchus corollatus 134
Tetrarhynchus discophorus 137
Tetrarhynchus lingualis 138
Tetrarhynchus ruficolis 134
Tetrarhynchus scolecinus 135
Tetrarhynchus scolecinus-cepole 135
Tetrarhynchus tenuis 136
Tetrarhynchus tenuicollis 138, 152, 167
Tetrochetus 81
Tetrochetus raynerianus 81
Tetrochetus raynerii 81, 151
Thaumatocotyle concinna 36
Theledera 74
Theledera acanthocephala 74, 142, 159,
164
thridax, Phyllobothrium 139, 156, 160, 167
thynni, Didymocystis 85, 162
thynni, Didymozoon 86
thynni, Hexacotyle 44
thynni, Hexostoma 44, 162
Tiarabothrium javanicum 129
Timoniella 116
Timoniella imbutiforme 116, 145, 146
Timoniella praeteritum 116, 146
tincae, Ligula 126
torpedinis, Amphibdella 22, 163
torpedinis, Amphibdella 22, 23
torpedinis, Tetraonchus 22
trachini, Aspinatrium 45, 163, 164
trachini, Microcotyle 45
trachuri, Ectenurus 91
trachuri, Gastrocotyle 42, 164
trachuri, Pseudaxine 43, 164
Trematoda 51
Triaenophoridae 122
trichiuri, Hepatoxylon 137, 163
Tricotyla 19
trilobata, Karachitrema 71
Trionchus 36
trisignatus, Caryophyllaeus 125, 152, 168
Taenia claviceps 120
Taenia crassa 123
Taenia fragilis 124
Taenia haerica 124
Taenia macrocephalus 127
Taenia tetraodontis 123
taenioides, Didymozoon 87, 152
taenioides, Didymozoum 87
taenioides, Nematobothrium (Didymozoon)
87
tartinii, Distomum 111
taschenbergi, Choricotyle 42
taschenbergi, Dactylocotyle (Choricotyle) 42
taschenbergi, Octobothrium 42
taschenbergii, Diclidophoropsis 42, 147,
167
Taurimazocraes 45
Taurimazocraes markevitschi 45, 148, 167
tectum, Distoma 90
tectum, Distomum 90
tensum, Saccocoelium 77, 150, 151
Tentaculariidae 137
tenuicollis, Tetrarhynchus 138, 152, 167
tenuis, Lacistorhynchus 136, 141, 142,
144, 168
tenuis, Tetrarhynchus 136
tenuispine, Prochristianella 135, 145, 168
Tergestia 73
Tergestia acanthocephala 74
Tergestia acanthogobii 74
Tergestia laticollis 74, 146, 161, 162
Tergestina 74
tergestina, Bucephalopsis 68
tergestina, Gasterostomum 68
tergestinum, Distomum 73
tergestinum, Prosorhynchoides 68, 149
tergestinus, Sphyriocephalus 137, 140
Tetrabothrium auriculatum 133
Tetrabothrium cornucopiae 133
Tetrabothrium musteli 134
Tetrabothrium versatile 134
Tetracotyle ovata 51
Tetracotyle variegata 51
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trisignatus, Diporus 125
Tristoma 20
Tristoma 18, 19, 20
Tristoma aculeatum 19
Tristoma cephala 19
Tristoma coccineum 20, 162, 165
Tristoma coccineum 19
Tristoma integrum 20, 165
Tristoma maculatum 19
Tristoma papillosum 20
Tristoma rudolphianum 19
Tristoma tubiporum 21
Tristomatidae 18
Tristomella 19
Tristomidae 18
Tristomum 18, 21
Tristomum pelamydis 19
Tristomum pini 21
Tristomum rotundatum 20
Trochopus 20
Trochopus longipes 21
Trochopus onchacanthus 21, 167, 168,
278, 280
Trochopus pini 21, 143
Trochopus tubiporus 21, 143
Trochopus tubiporus 21
tropicum, Diphterostomum 109
truncata, Octocotyle 44
truncatus, Bothriocephalus 124
trunvatum, Octoplectanum 45
truttae, Fasciola 55
trygonicola, Prochristianella 135
Trypanorhyncha 134
tubarium, Aphallus 114, 145, 157, 165
tubarium, Distomum 114
tubarium, Distomum (Cryptogonimus) 114
tubiceps, Rhynchobothrium 138
tubicirrus, Microcotyloides 49
tubicirrus, Polylabris 49, 146, 147
tubipora, Capsala 21
tubiporum, Tristoma 21
tubiporus, Trochopus 21
tubiporus, Trochopus 21, 143
tumidulum, Echeneibothrium 128, 145
tumidulus, Bothriocephalus 128
typica, Amphicotyle 122
typicus, Cylindrophorus 132
typicus, Haplocladus 71
typicus, Monascus 71
typus, Echinobothrium 126, 148, 154
Udonella 35
Udonella lupi 35, 145
Udonellidae 35
umbrinae, Allocreadium 65
umbrinae, Distoma 65
umbrinae, Podocotyle 65
umbrinae, Pycnadenoides 65, 165
uncinatum, Acanthobothrium 129
uncinatum, Bothriocephalus 132
uncinatum, Onchobothrium 132, 148
uncinatus, Bothricephalus 129
uniserialis, Ligula 126
Univitellodidymocystis 84
vaccarii, Polipobothrium 129
vallei, Amphibdelloides 23, 163
vallei, Ancyrocotyle 18, 154, 168
vallei, Bothriocephalus 121, 153
vallei, Encotyllabe 20, 147, 159
vallei, Placunella 18
Vallisia 39
Vallisia striata 39, 150
vanbenedenii, Haliotrema 25
vanbenedenii, Haplocleidus 25
vanbenedenii, Ligophorus 25, 150, 154
vanbenedenii, Tetraonchus 25
variabile, Anthobothrium 129
variabile, Echeneibothrium 128, 156
variabile, Spongiobothrium 129, 143
varicus, Derogenes 83, 152
varicus, Fasciola 83
varicus, Plagioporus 60
variegata, Tetracotyle 51
varius, Plagioporus 62
veliporum leptotheca, Otodistomum 66
veliporum pachytheca, Otodistomum 66
veliporum, Distoma 66
veliporum, Otodistomum 66, 144, 166
ventricosa, Pronoprymna 107
ventricosa, Pronopyge 107
ventricosum, Apoblema 107
ventricosum, Distoma 90, 92, 107
ventricosum, Pronoprymna 107, 140
verberis, Lamellodiscus 31, 150
verrucosum, Distoma 57
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verrucosum, Distomum (Dicrocoelium) 57
versatile, Orygmatobothrium 134
versatile, Tetrabothrium 134
verticillatum, Calliobothrium 131, 148,
153, 154
verticillatum, Onchobothrium 131
vibex, Distomum 71
vibex, Lintonium 71, 142
virgula, Aphanurus 90
virgulus, Ectenurus 91
Vitellarinus 70
vitelloba, Stephanophiala 55
vitellobus, Crepidostomum 55
viviparum, Distomum 75
viviparus, Distoma 110
viviparus, Zoogonoides 110, 155
viviparus, Zoogonus 110
vulgaris, Squalonchocotyle 37
Vulvostella sargi 46
Wardula 118
Wardula capitellata 118, 157
Wardulinae 117
Waretrematidae 75
wedli, Anthocephalum 127, 163
wedli, Didymocystis 86
wedli, Didymosulcus 86, 162, 167
Wedlia 89
Wedlia bipartita 89, 163
Wedlia globosa 89, 163
Wedlia katsuwonicola 85, 86
Wedlia reniformis 89, 163
Wlassenkotrema 76
Wlassenkotrema longicollum 76
xanthocephalum, Ceratobothrium 133,
150, 166
Xenodistomum 66
Xenopera 72
Xenopera insolita 72
Xenoperidae 71
xiphiados, Pseudeubothrium 124
wageneri, Acanthophalus 132
wageneri, Amphitretus 122
wageneri, Bothriocephalus 122
wageneri, Diplogonoporus 122
wageneri, Echinophallus 122, 143
wageneri, Onchomegas 135, 144, 167
wageneri, Rhynchobothrium 135
wagneri, Rhynchobothrium 135
waltairensis, Aponurus 97
wardi, Lomaphorus 71
wardi, Lomasoma 71, 152
Zoogonidae 108
Zoogonoides 110
Zoogonoides viviparus 110, 155
Zoogonus 110
Zoogonus mirus 110
Zoogonus rubellus 110, 144, 162
Zoogonus viviparus 110
Zoonogenus 108
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PARASITIC FLATWORMS (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA, DIGENEA,
CESTODA) OF FISHES FROM THE ADRIATIC SEA
Branko M. RADUJKOVIĆ and Danijela ŠUNDIĆ
University of Montenegro
SUMMARY
We have undertaken the preparation of this study to document the flatworm
fauna of the Adriatic Sea fish hosts and geographical distribution of species. It is
based on virtually all relevant literature as of 1758 till 2014 and attempts to
summarize the state of knowledge of the above mentioned parasites.
The monograph contains 330 nominal species, from 188 genera and 65 families:
160 species of digeneans (from 97 genera and 29 families), 106 species of
monogeneans (from 52 genera, and 21 families) and 64 species of cestodes (from 39
genera and 15 families).
Presence of one digenean species and four species of cestodes is considered to
be uncertain, since we did not find any original record related to the Adriatic Sea. One
species of digeneans and two species of cestodes were identified as Species
Inquirenda, while six species of cestodes as Species Incertae Sedis. One
monogenean species (Trochopus onchacanthus Massa, 1906) is originally described
as "parasite of unknown host".
The number of identified and reported parasite species was not equal in all three
geographic zones of the Adriatic Sea. Most of them were found in the northern part –
212 species. In the central and southern part 140 and 142 parasite species were
recorded, respectively. In the northern Adriatic, out of the total number of species, 116
digeneans, 51 cestodes and 45 monogeneans were found. In the central part,
digeneans were also the most numerous (116 species), while monogeneans and
cestodes were considerably less present in the parasitofauna (6 and 18, respectively).
In the southern part, where the parasitological research has recently begun, 81
monogeneans, 41 digeneans and 20 cestodes were recorded.
Twenty-nine species are newly recorded from the Adriatic Sea – 14
monogeneans, 5 digeneans and 10 cestodes.
Twenty-eight species were recorded from pisciculture facilities. They correspond
to the species that parasitize wild hosts.
Of the total of 143 host species (117 bony fish and 26 cartilaginous), only four
were recorded as new hosts (3 for monogeneans, 1 for cestodes). The osteichthyan
fish hosted 269 species of parasites (87 monogeneans, 158 digeneans and 24
cestodes), while chondrichthyan fish were found parasitized by 62 species (18
monogeneans, 3 digeneans and 41 cestodes).
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Thunnus thynnus hosted the highest number of parasite species – 26 (1
monogenean, 24 digeneans and 1 cestode). From Anguilla anguilla 17 species were
recorded (1 monogenean, 12 digeneans and 4 cestodes), from Diplodus annularis –
18 (4 monogeneans, 13 digeneans and 1 cestode), and from Dasyatis pastinaca – 16
(5 monogeneans and 11 cestodes).
Thirteen species of flatworms (3.93%) are reported from the Adriatic Sea only.
Three monogeneans (2.83% of their total number), four digeneans (2.50% of their
total number) and six cestodes (9.37% of their total number) were geographically
restricted to the Adriatic.
From remaining 317 species of flatworms, 81 species (24.54%) had
Mediterranean geographical distribution, 106 (32.12%) species had Mediterranean–
Atlantic distribution, while 130 (39.39%) were cosmopolitan.
From the species having Mediterranean distribution, monogeneans were
represented with 43 (53.08%), digeneans with 26 (32.09%) and cestodes with 12
species only (14.81%).
From the species having Mediterranean–Atlantic distribution, monogeneans
were represented with 55 (51.88%), cestodes with 27 (24.47%), and digeneans with
24 species (22.64%).
Among cosmopolitan species digeneans were the most abundant – 106
(81.53%), followed by cestodes with – 19 (14.61%), and monogeneans – 5 species
(3.84%).
PARAZITSKI PLJOSNATI CRVI (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA, DIGENEA,
CESTODA) RIBA JADRANSKOG MORA
Branko M. RADUJKOVIĆ i Danijela ŠUNDIĆ
Univerzitet Crne Gore
SAŽETAK
Cilj izrade ove monografije je utvrđivanje faune parazitskih pljosnatih crva
(Platyhelminthes) riba Jadranskog mora i geografskog rasprostranjenja njenih vrsta.
Za tu svrhu je korišćena obimna literatura, objavljena u period od 1758. do 2014.
godine, koja je omogućila procjenu stanja poznavanja pomenutih parazita.
Monografija sadrži 330 nominalnih vrsta, iz 188 rodova i 65 familija: 160 vrsta
digenea (iz 97 rodova i 29 familija), 106 vrsta monogenea (iz 52 roda i 21 familije) i 64
vrste cestoda (iz 39 rodova i 15 familija).
Prisustvo jedne vrste digenea i 4 vrste cestoda smatramo nesigurnim, budući da
nismo našli nijedan originalni nalaz tih vrsta iz Jadranskog mora. Jedna vrsta digenea
i dvije vrste cestoda su identifikovane kao Species Inquirenda, a šest vrsta cestoda
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Natura Montenegrina 13(1), 2014
kao Species Incertae Sedis. Jedna vrsta monogenea (Trochopus onchacanthus
Massa, 1906) je originalno opisana kao "parazit sa nepoznatog domaćina".
Broj utvrđenih parazitskih vrsta nije podjednak u sve tri geografske zone
Jadranskog mora. Najveći broj njih je nađen u sjevernom dijelu – 212 vrsta. U
centralnom dijelu utvrđeno je 140 vrsta parazita, a u južnom 142. Od ukupnog broja
vrsta utvrđenih u sjevernom Jadranu, digenea je bilo 116, cestoda 51 i monogenea 45
vrsta. U centralnom dijelu broj utvrđenih digenea je takođe najveći – 116, dok je
monogenea i cestoda nađeno znatno manje (6, odnosno 18 vrsta). U južnom dijelu,
gdje su parazitološka istraživanja započela najkasnije, utvrđeno je 81 monogenea, 41
digenea i 20 cestoda.
Dvadeset devet vrsta predstavljaju nove nalaze za Jadransko more: 14
monogenea, 5 digenea i 10 cestoda.
Dvadeset osam vrsta parazita je nađeno na domaćinima iz gajilišta. One su
identične sa onima koje parazitiraju na domaćinima iz prirodne sredine.
Samo četiri vrste domaćina, od 143 proučavana (117 košljoriba i 26 rskavičavih
riba), su definisane kao novi domaćini (3 za monogenea i 1 za cestode). Košljoribe su
bile domaćini za 269 vrsta parazita (87 monogenea, 158 digenea i 24 cestode), dok je
na rskavičavim ribama nađeno 62 vrste (18 monogenea, 3 digenea i 41 cestoda).
Thunnus thynnus je bio domaćin najvećem broju parazita – 26 vrsta (1
monogenea, 24 digenea i 1 cestoda). Sedamnaest vrsta parazita je nađeno na
Anguilla anguilla (1 monogenea, 12 digenea i 4 cestode), na Diplodus annularis – 18
(4 monogenea, 13 digenea i 1 cestoda), a na Dasyatis pastinaca – 16 (5 monogenea i
11 cestoda).
Trinaest vrsta pljosnatih crva (3.93%) su nalaženi isključivo u Jadranskom moru.
To se odnosi na tri vrste monogenea (2.83% od njihovog ukupnog broja), četiri
digenea (2.50% od njihovog ukupnog broja) i šest cestoda (9.37% od njihovog
ukupnog broja).
Od preostalih 317 vrsta istraživanih parazita, 81 (24.54%) ima mediteransko
rasprostranjenje, 106 (32.12%) mediterantsko-atlantsko, dok je 130 vrsta (39.39%)
kosmopolitsko.
Četrdest tri vrste monogenea (53.08%), 26 vrsta digenea (32.09%) i 12 vrsta
cestoda (14.81%) imaju mediteransko rasprostranjenje.
Mediteransko-atlantsko rasprostranjenje ima 55 vrsta monogenea (51.88%), 27
vrsta cestoda (24.47%) i 24 vrste digenea (22.64%).
Među kosmopolitskim vrstama digenea su najbrojnije – 106 vrsta (81.53%),
slijede cestode sa 19 (14.61%) i monogenea sa svega 5 vrsta (3.84%).
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