Improvements of the Biological Diatom Index (BDI): Description and efficiency of the new version (BDI-2006)

M. Coste; S. Boutry; J. Tison-Rosebery; F. Delmas

Summary1. Two types of artificial neural networks procedures were used to define and predict diatom assemblage structures in Luxembourg streams using environmental data.2. Self‐organising maps (SOM) were used to classify samples according to their diatom composition, and multilayer perceptron with a backpropagation learning algorithm (BPN) was used to predict these assemblages using environmental characteristics of each sample as input and spatial coordinates (X and Y) of the cell centres of the SOM map identified as diatom assemblages as output. Classical methods (correspondence analysis and clustering analysis) were then used to identify the relations between diatom assemblages and the SOM cell number. A canonical correspondence analysis was also used to define the relationship between these assemblages and the environmental conditions.3. The diatom‐SOM training set resulted in 12 representative assemblages (12 clusters) having different species compositions. Comparison of observe...

The diatom community was studied in 110 sites within the Guadalquivir River catchment area, South Spain, in order to test the applicability of diatom biotic indices developed in other European regions to this site and to provide a useful tool for monitoring water quality in the river basin. We identified 399 taxa and calculated five diatomic indices (Specific Polluosensitivity Index (IPS), Biological Diatom Index, Trophic Diatom Index, Index of the European Economic Community, and Diatom-based Eutrophication Pollution Index (EPI-D)). Since the indices analyzed were highly correlated, their results could be compared. The indices that gave the best results were the EPI-D followed by the IPS, the latter being the most widely used index in Iberian catchments. Nevertheless, the EPI-D presented certain advantages: (1) this index correlated the best with the water chemistry in the catchment area; (2) EPI-D is not sensitive to the presence of taxa belonging to the Achnanthidium minutissimum complex frequently present in the Guadalquivir basin. Nevertheless, EPI-D retains its effectiveness and thus constitutes an easier index for application from a taxonomical standpoint. We estimated the general water quality of the entire basin on the basis of EPI-D. According to these results, 55% of the sites had either high or good water quality. The species that better characterized each water quality category in the study area were: A. minutissimum (high and good), Amphora pediculus (moderate), Nitzschia frustulum (poor), and Nitzschia capitellata (bad).

Diatoms are extremely diverse ubiquitous microalgae. This makes them good indicators of the quality of aquatic ecosystems, and they have been used for this purpose for the past 50 years. Since 2000, the European Water Framework Directive has required them to be used for assessing the ecological quality of watercourses. A typological framework has to be devised in order to compare rivers that are comparable, i.e. rivers with the same bioclimatic regions, that flow over the same geological substrate at similar altitudes. Various ecoregional classifications have been defined using these parameters. At a scale covering 4 European countries (Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland) and at a regional scale (north-east France) we show that ecoregions and geology are determinant in explaining communities, and that pollution-related parameters are less important. Unlike some other authors, we did not observe any homogenization of communities as the level of pollution level increased. Moreover, we did not observe geographically restricted communities, which make it possible to pool data from geographically distinct ecoregions with the same physical characteristics. Diatoms display a very high degree of species diversity, which can be a problem for their routine use as assessment tools. We showed that when the precision of identification was increased from sub-division to species level, pollution assessment performances also increased, but to a much less marked extent than the number of taxa. Assessment performances at the genus and species levels are similar, whereas there are ten time more species than genera. We also showed that simplifying metrics (life-forms, ecological guilds) can be used to assess nutrient levels as effectively as diatom indices based on species. Furthermore, these metrics provide additional information about biofilm structure that is not available from species-based data. Finally, micropollutant pollution of rivers is of increasing concern to citizens. We hypothesize that diatoms could be good candidates for assessing herbicide pressure. Four experiments lasting 2 months were conducted in lotic mesocosms. We showed that diatoms surrounded by thick exopolysaccharide matrices were more resistant to dissolved pesticides. On the other hand, diatoms with a high cell surface in contact with the water were disadvantaged. This kind of metric could be used in situ at a larger scale. We conclude that these metrics could be useful for the purposes of diatom bioassessment. However, we also stress the importance of combining phylogeny and ecology to clarify which environmental pressures are forcing diatoms to adapt. Such studies will enhance diatom bioassessment.

ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolind Improvements of the Biological Diatom Index (BDI): Description and efficiency of the new version (BDI-2006) M. Coste, S. Boutry, J. Tison-Rosebery *, F. Delmas Cemagref Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Réseaux, Epuration et Qualité des Eaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33610 Cestas Cedex, France article info abstract Article history: The Biological Diatom Index (BDI) is a standardized method routinely used in France for the Received 27 November 2007 surveillance of watercourse quality. This index is based on a list of 209 key species showing Received in revised form different pollution sensitivities. The pollution sensitivity, or ‘‘ecological profile’’, is deter- 6 June 2008 mined through the species presence probability values along a seven quality classes Accepted 11 June 2008 gradient. In a sample, the presence and abundance of species from this list are used to calculate the BDI score. Recently, water managers pointed out several weaknesses of this index: (a) the BDI fails to correctly assess water quality in acidobiontic and brackish Keywords: conditions, and (b) pollution sensitivity and tolerance of several key species used to Diatom calculate the index need to be improved. Biological Diatom Index This paper presents and discusses the new version of the BDI, called BDI-2006. 2802 Water Framework Directive samples were used to create this new index (samples collected on all French river types Ecological profile during the last thirty years), where 1063 diatom species were identified. For each sample, the Water quality community was described with species relative abundance, and relevant physico-chemical parameters were collected: pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, ammonium, orthophosphates and nitrates. Eight hundreds and thirty eight key species were finally kept, including species typical of acidic and brackish waters, tropical taxa and abnormal forms of many widespread taxa (as evidence of toxicological impacts). The physico-chemical and the biological datasets were explored with classical analysis (Principal Component Analysis) and neural networks (Self-Organizing Maps), combined to draw the new key species ecological profiles. Comparing to the initial version of the BDI, several species profiles (Nitzschia paleacea for example) were clearly enhanced. This new version was adopted by the French standardisation authority (AFNOR) in October 2007. # 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The use of biological indicators provides an integrated measurement of water quality, and then brings additional information to physico-chemical analysis (Lavoie et al., 2006). During the past two decades, and especially since the Water Framework Directive (European Parliament, 2000), they have become of primary importance for river quality assessment (Hill et al., 2003; Kelly, 2003; Gevrey et al., 2004; Griffith et al., 2005). As primary producers, diatoms are key organisms in the river ecosystem and have long been used as biological indicators (Archibald, 1972; McCormick and Cairns, 1994; Prygiel et al., 1999; Hill et al., 2000; Potapova and Charles, 2002; Yallop and Kelly, 2006). All the diatom-based indices devel- * Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 557 890857; fax: +33 557 890801. E-mail address: juliette.tison@bordeaux.cemagref.fr (J. Tison-Rosebery). 1470-160X/$ – see front matter # 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.06.003 622 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 oped in Europe use the Zelinka and Marvan formula (1961), taking into account the optima and tolerance of each taxon in the community sampled. The Biological Diatom Index (BDI) (Lenoir and Coste, 1996) is a standardized method (AFNOR, 2000) created and used in France for the surveillance of watercourses quality. Standards and manuals in Prygiel and Coste (2000) describe the field sampling, laboratory protocols, taxonomic determinations and calculation method in detail. The basic method of deriving the BDI (Prygiel and Coste, 2000) is as follows: a database of 1332 samples, described with 14 environmental parameters and 1028 species, was explored. The number of taxa was first reduced, and morphologically close species were gathered into a single taxon. Two hundred and nine ‘‘key taxa’’ were finally kept, i.e. relevant taxa which presence and abundance in the sample are involved in the score calculation. The chemical and biological tables were analysed with the co-inertia method to obtain seven water quality classes, and the presence probability of the 209 key taxa were calculated for each of those quality classes (ecological profiles). The product of the presence probabilities of the key taxa found in the sample gives a curve with the seven quality classes on the abscissa. The barycentre of the curve (a value between 0 and 7) is calculated and then transformed into a 0–20 value to obtain the BDI score of the sample. The Omnidia software (Lecointe et al., 1993) performs the calculations automatically. In 2003, the Diatom Scientific Interest Group of Continental Waters (Prygiel and Ector, 2000) proposed to carry out a survey for the benefit of water managers using the BDI. The results of the survey stressed that the BDI failed to correctly assess water quality in particular situations, due to different reasons. First, among the 209 key species, an insufficient number of acidobiontic or brackish species were recorded, leading to unreliable results in naturally acidic and brackish waters. Second, some morphologically close taxa but with very different ecological preferences were gathered into a single taxon (Sellaphora seminulum was for example matched with Fig. 1 – Distribution of the 2802 study sites over the French hydro-ecoregions (Wasson et al., 2002). Eolimna minima). This induced serious biases in water quality assessment when these taxa were dominant in the sample. Last, pollution sensitivity and tolerance of several key species needed to be improved. This paper describes how this initial version of the BDI was refined to obtain an improved index, called BDI-2006, better suited to the Water Framework Directive requirements. The goals were: to take into account all ecoregional particularities of diatom flora (including those occurring in natural acidic and brackish waters), with and increased number of study sites; to improve the seven water quality classes used to draw taxon profiles; to increase the number of key species. No more morphologically close taxa were pooled. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Dataset The dataset consisted of 2802 samples collected throughout the French rivers during the past thirty years (data from the national network and from specific Cemagref studies) (Fig. 1). All samples were collected according to a standardised method (NFT 90-354) (AFNOR, 2000), from stones and during the summer low flow period. For each sample, the community was described with species relative abundance (1063 diatom species were determined), and several physico-chemical parameters were recorded: pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, ammonium, orthophosphates and nitrates. Diatom species were identified at 1000 magnification (Leitz DMRD light microscope) (400 valves per slide) according to Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1985–1991), by examining permanent slides of cleaned diatom frustules, digested in boiling H2O2 (30%) and HCl (35%) and mounted in a high refractive index medium (Naphrax, Northern Biological Supplies Ltd., UK; RI = 1.74). Physico-chemical data were provided by the Water Agencies (parameter values were determined with water collected in a free flowing area near the middle of the stream, preserved at 4 8C then analysed within 24 h, according to standardised AFNOR protocols). Mean values of each variable were calculated from 2 data points: that of the sampling month and of the previous one. 2.2. Revision of the seven water quality classes 2.2.1. Parameter weights Conductivity and pH are directly linked to natural factors as the geological nature of the stream substrate (Meybeck, 1986; Stevenson, 1997), but can also vary according to the pollution gradient: the transition between a crystalline and a carbonated bedrock type can lead to an increase in water conductivity in the same way as pollution can. Hence, one of the major goals of this revision was to take particular care when including pH and conductivity in the definition of the quality classes. The solution was to assign a specific weight to each parameter, according to the results of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to physico-chemical data 623 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 Table 1 – Component loadings on axis 1, axis 2 and axis 3. Parameter Axis 1 Axis 2 pH Conductivity BOD O2 (%) NH4 PO4 NO3 0.084 0.164 0.342 0.31 0.412 0.411 0.066 0.388 0.208 0.069 0.196 0.049 0.028 0.066 Axis 3 0.113 0.597 0.408 0.111 0.356 0.121 1.768 (Table 1, Fig. 2). PCA was performed with a zero-centered and scaled data matrix to have unit variance. The variance inflating factor (VIF) (Heiberger and Holland, 2004) was calculated for each parameter involved in the PCA, to ensure that environmental factors were not correlated to each-other (i.e. VIF < 5) (pH: VIF = 1.12; conductivity: VIF = 1.08; DBO5: VIF = 1.56; O2%: VIF = 1.43; NH4: VIF = 2.22; PO4: VIF = 2.08 NO3: VIF = 1.13). Considering the component loadings on the three axes, the first axis (explaining 35.9% of the variance) seems to be related to an organic pollution gradient, and the third one (explaining 15.3% of the variance) to a nitrate gradient. The second component axis is interpreted as being related to a natural bio-geochemical gradient, via pH and conductivity (explaining 24.5% of the variance). The weight assigned to each parameter for the definition of the seven water quality classes was determined as follows (Table 2): weight ¼ ‘‘% of variance explained by axis 1’’ ‘‘correlation coefficient between axis 1 and the parameter’’ ‘‘parameter value’’ þ ‘‘% of variance explained by axis 3’’ ‘‘correlation coefficient between axis 3 and the parameter’’ ‘‘parameter value’’ 2.2.2. Determination of the classes To fit the initial method requirements, the 2802 samples were separated into seven classes according to their physicochemical characteristics (zero-centered, scaled and weighted values). The modelling process was carried out using Table 2 – Parameter weights for the definition of the seven water quality classes (BOD: biological oxygen demand). Parameter Weight on axis 1 pH Conductivity BOD O2 (%) NH4 PO4 NO3 0.061 0.122 0.253 0.230 0.305 0.305 0.049 Weight on axis 3 0.009 0.048 0.033 0.009 0.029 0.009 0.143 Kohonen’s self-organizing map (SOM) (Kohonen, 1982), this algorithm being already successfully used for patterning samples in diverse ecosystems (i.e., aquatic, forest, agriculture, etc.) (Lek and Guégan, 2000; Recknagel, 2002; Tison et al., 2005a). The SOM, an unsupervised neural network, consists of two layers: an input and an output layer. Each layer is composed of neurons which are computational units. The SOM is trained for given datasets by updating weights which are connection intensities between input and output layers. Output layer neurons act as virtual sites with physicochemical parameter values to be computed. During training, virtual sites are modified in order to approximate the probability density function of the dataset. At the end of the training phase, parameter values are known for each virtual site, and each real site is set in the corresponding hexagon unit of the SOM map. Neighbouring clusters of sites are expected to be represented by neighbouring hexagons on the map, and in the same way sites very different from each other (according to parameter values) are expected to be distant in the feature space. A 15 15 array and the Batch algorithm were used to pattern the multi-dimensional database on a two-dimensional plane (classes A–G, Fig. 3a). Table 3 shows the variation range of each parameter values in the seven quality classes. The consistency of the seven classes was tested through a bootstrapped ordination (Pillar, 1999), comparing the bootstrapped real dataset with a parallel bootstrapping of randomised datasets. The resulting p-value ( p < 0.001) rejected the null hypothesis of a structure no stronger than expected by chance. Fig. 2 – Results of the PCA performed to determine the weights of the different environmental parameters: (a) axis 1 and axis2; (b) axis 1 and axis 3. 624 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 Fig. 3 – (a) Classification of the 2802 study sites into 7 water quality classes using a self-organizing map; (b) distribution of the 7 water quality classes on the ACP. The differences between classes were first tested with Kruskal–Wallis ( p-value < 0.001 for each environmental parameter). Post hoc comparisons were made between all possible pairs of groups combinations using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Bonferroni’s correction was made for multiple comparisons. (Table 4). The seven water quality classes were confirmed to be all different, concerning at least one parameter. The last step consisted in arranging the classes into a pollution gradient, to species ecological profiles to be drawn. This gradient was inferred from the Principal Component Analysis (Fig. 3b), where class G showed the poorest quality (Table 3). All data analysis were performed with ‘‘R’’1.9.0 software (R Development Core Team, 2007). 2.3. Selection of new key species, and their ecological profile All taxa were determined at the species level. General information about community richness, diversity and evenness (Pielou, 1966) at the sampling sites are reported in Table 5. The selected taxa list (total abundance in the dataset >5%) included 838 key species, 176 abnormal forms and 464 old synonyms (Table 6: key taxa list except old synonyms). 2.3.1. The new key species To enhance the geographical application of the BDI, several species typical of acidic waters like Psammothidium oblongellum, and of brackish waters like Nitzschia brevissima, were added to Table 3 – The seven water classes (mean and standard deviation, S.D., are reported for each environmental parameter involved in the analysis) and their arrangement along a 1–7 quality gradient (1: poor water quality). Quality class (SOM) Stati stical values pH Conductivi ty (mS/cm) DBO5 (mg/l) O2 (%) NH4 (mg/l) PO4 (mg/l) NO3 (mg/l) Quality gradient (PCA) A Mean S.D. 7.65 0.26 1447.72 1321.87 9.28 5.47 36.71 25.96 9.28 5.15 6.78 4.57 11.78 9.83 2 B Mean S.D. 7.65 0.25 719.99 244.23 3.64 1.69 62.39 15.22 1.03 1.3 1.08 0.73 17.61 9.54 4 C Mean S.D. 7.95 0.46 526.9 379.83 3.68 3.3 120.82 25.55 0.18 0.31 0.29 0.4 8.08 5.68 7 D Mean S.D. 7.7 0.44 665.41 662.22 3.06 2.17 87.02 11.23 0.27 0.53 0.35 0.42 6.31 4.23 5 E Mean S.D. 7.89 0.21 611.58 126.71 2.35 1.19 93.8 8.69 0.22 0.31 0.38 0.33 25,00 7.87 6 F Mean S.D. 7.73 0.3 1599.61 1728.41 6.43 5.36 52.72 35.18 2.7 2.27 3.14 1.32 11.77 8.87 3 G Mean S.D. 7.69 0.3 4976.68 9594.03 48.22 65.57 27.8 31.46 30.1 19.94 8.8 5.21 40.22 76.29 1 625 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 Table 4 – Results of the pairwise comparisons using the Wilcoxon rank sum test ( p-value adjustment method: Bonferroni). A B C D E <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.10 <0.001 – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – 1.00 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – – <0.001 <0.001 – – – – – <0.001 (b) Conductivity B <0.001 C <0.001 D <0.001 E <0.001 F 0.10 G <0.001 – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – 1.00 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – – <0.001 <0.001 – – – – – <0.001 (c) BOD B <0.001 C <0.001 D <0.001 E <0.001 F <0.001 G <0.001 – 0.71 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – – <0.001 <0.001 – – – – – <0.001 (d) O2 B C D E F G (%) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.331 – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – – <0.001 <0.001 – – – – – <0.001 (e) NH4 B <0.001 C <0.001 D <0.001 E <0.001 F <0.001 G <0.001 – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – 0.126 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – 0.014 <0.001 <0.001 – – – – <0.001 <0.001 – – – – – <0.001 (f) PO4 B C D E F G <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.37 – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – – – <0.001 <0.001 – – – – – <0.001 (g) NO3 B <0.001 C 0.114 D <0.001 E <0.001 F 1.000 G 0.218 – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 – – <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.026 – – – <0.001 <0.001 0.084 – – – – <0.001 <0.001 – – – – – 0.012 (a) pH B C D E F G Table 5 – General information about richness, diversity and evenness at the sampling sites (S.D.: standard deviation). F the initial key species list. Several tropical taxa like Achnanthes subudsonis or Diadesmis confervacea were included, in relation to the increasing importance of invasive tropical taxa in the French hydrosystem (Coste and Ector, 2000). Abnormal forms of many widespread species were also included, as evidence of toxicological impacts (Morin et al., 2008). Taxa of similar appearance were no longer pooled. Morphologically close species were carefully described and Richness Diversity 3.00 149.00 44.28 16.47 0.07 6.30 3.69 0.90 Minimum Maximum Mean S.D. Evenness 0.04 1.00 0.68 0.12 differentiated in the accompanying taxonomical manual, light microscopy being sufficient to distinguish the details. 2.3.2. Key species ecological profiles Species profiles were calculated through the presence probability values of the species along the seven water quality classes. The initial formula remained unchanged: Pclass ðiÞ Som ¼ ¼ NðiÞ AðiÞ Nsites Som 7 X NðiÞ AðiÞ i¼1 Nsites where Pclass_(i) is the species presence probability for water quality class (i); N(i) is the species occurrence number for water quality class (i); A(i) is the species cumulated abundance in %; Nsites(i) is the number of sites within the water quality class (i). Table 6 gives the key species (except old synonyms) presence probability values along the seven quality classes. 2.4. Calculation of the BDI-2006 The calculation formula remains unchanged, but a single minimum abundance of 7.5% in the sample for each key species to be taken into account is now required (this threshold value varied between 7.5% and 53% in the initial version). The presence probability F(i) of a given taxon (x) for each quality class (i), is calculated as follows: FðiÞ ¼ Pn x¼1 Ax PxðiÞVx Pn x¼1 Ax Vx where Ax is the abundance (%) of taxon x; Px(i) is the presence probability of taxon x for the quality class i; Vx is the value of the ecological amplitude (or degree of stenoecy) of taxon x; N is the number of taxa which abundance 7.5%. The seven values of F(i) are calculated, and computed to obtain B, which is transformed into a value out of 20, the final BDI score: B ¼ 1 Fð1Þ þ 2 Fð2Þ þ 3 Fð3Þ þ 4 Fð4Þ þ 5 Fð5Þ þ 6 Fð6Þ þ 7 Fð7Þ The BDI-2006 scores were compared to the BDI initial version values and to the Specific Pollusensitivity Index (SPI) values. SPI is a broadly accepted diatom-based index (Coste, 1982; Prygiel et al., 1999), routinely used by several European coun- 626 Table 6 – List of the key taxa (excluding old synonyms), their ecological amplitude (Vx), and their ecological profile along the seven water quality classes (C1–C7). Code Amphora acutiuscula Kutzing Aulacoseira ambigua (Grun.) Simonsen Achnanthidium alteragracillima (Lange-Bertalot) Round & Bukhtiyarova Achnanthes biasolettiana Grunow fo. teratogene Adlafia bryophila (Petersen) Moser Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Achnanthidium convergens (Kobayasi) Kobayasi abnormal form Achnanthes sp. abnormal form Achnanthidium lineare W. Smith Amphora coffeaeformis (Agardh) Kutzing var. coffeaeformis Amphora copulata (Kutz) Schoeman & Archibald Achnanthidium crassum (Hustedt) Potapova & Ponader abnormal form Achnanthes curtissima Carter fo. teratogene Achnanthes convergens Kobayasi abnormal form Achnanthidium atomus (Hustedt) Monnier, Lange-Bertalot & Ector Achnanthidium biasolettianum (Grunow in Cl. & Grun.) Lange-Bertalot Achnanthidium biasolettianum (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot f. teratogene Achnanthidium caledonicum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot Achnanthidium crassum (Hustedt) Potapova & Ponader Achnanthidium catenatum (Bily & Marvan) Lange-Bertalot Achnanthidium exiguum (Grunow) Czarnecki Achnanthidium eutrophilum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot Achnanthidium kranzii (Lange-Bertalot) Round & Bukhtiyarova Achnanthidium latecephalum Kobayasi Adlafia suchlandtii (Hustedt) Moser Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Achnanthidium latecephalum Kobayasi abnormal form Achnanthidium macrocephalum (Hust.) Round & Bukhtiyarova Achnanthidium minutissima (Kütz.) Czarn. var. affinis (Grun.) Bukht. Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kütz.) Czarnecki Adlafia minuscula var. muralis (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Adlafia minuscula (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kütz.) Czarnecki fo. teratogene Achnanthidium pyrenaicum (Hustedt) Kobayasi abnormal form Achnanthidium pyrenaicum (Hustedt) Kobayasi Achnanthidium rivulare Potapova & Ponader Achnanthidium rivulare Potapova & Ponader abnormal form Achnanthidium saprophila (Kobayasi et Mayama) Round & Bukhtiyarova Achnanthidium straubianum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot Achnanthidium subatomus (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Achnanthidium subatomus (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Achnanthidium exiguum (Grunow) Czarnecki abnormal form Achnanthes exigua Grunow var. elliptica Hustedt Achnanthidium eutrophilum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Achnanthes exilis Kutzing Asterionella formosa Hassall Achnanthes fugei Carter Aulacoseira granulata (Ehr.) Simonsen morphotype curvata C1 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.846 0.001 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.041 0.001 0.846 0.846 0.846 0.002 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.846 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 C2 0.645 0.027 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.690 0.004 0.110 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.071 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.001 0.110 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.030 0.000 0.076 C3 0.172 0.125 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.022 0.000 0.265 0.036 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.003 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.305 0.046 0.000 0.073 0.000 0.022 0.181 0.009 0.013 0.669 0.079 0.022 0.022 0.004 0.000 0.022 0.141 0.002 0.002 0.022 0.022 0.055 0.022 0.004 0.093 0.005 0.596 C4 0.169 0.419 0.016 0.018 0.001 0.018 0.018 0.000 0.002 0.249 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.012 0.002 0.018 0.017 0.001 0.032 0.454 0.313 0.000 0.348 0.006 0.018 0.564 0.063 0.068 0.238 0.335 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.000 0.018 0.384 0.025 0.024 0.018 0.018 0.695 0.018 0.111 0.363 0.686 0.165 C5 0.015 0.393 0.559 0.003 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.586 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.051 0.006 0.003 0.116 0.719 0.294 0.090 0.372 0.002 0.332 0.165 0.003 0.244 0.236 0.208 0.052 0.270 0.003 0.003 0.046 0.000 0.003 0.310 0.388 0.082 0.003 0.003 0.122 0.003 0.146 0.340 0.290 0.163 C6 0.000 0.028 0.422 0.000 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.123 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.171 0.050 0.000 0.184 0.279 0.398 0.075 0.265 0.000 0.189 0.397 0.000 0.005 0.459 0.383 0.028 0.180 0.000 0.000 0.053 0.942 0.000 0.119 0.568 0.379 0.000 0.000 0.128 0.000 0.314 0.160 0.018 0.000 C7 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.951 0.000 0.000 0.998 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.761 0.942 0.000 0.683 0.000 0.273 0.004 0.003 0.998 0.050 0.431 0.000 0.000 0.233 0.326 0.008 0.132 0.000 0.000 0.878 0.057 0.000 0.008 0.017 0.512 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.425 0.010 0.000 0.000 Vx 1.161 0.984 1.183 1.436 1.591 1.436 1.436 1.664 1.251 1.094 1.436 1.436 1.436 1.319 1.578 1.436 1.210 1.302 0.940 0.936 0.920 1.663 0.855 1.021 1.436 1.078 0.947 0.906 1.203 0.784 1.436 1.436 1.479 1.578 1.436 0.864 1.162 1.082 1.436 1.436 1.214 1.436 0.927 0.872 1.258 1.084 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 AACU AAMB AATG ABIT ABRY ACGT ACHT ACLI ACOF ACOP ACRT ACUT ACVT ADAT ADBI ADBT ADCA ADCR ADCT ADEG ADEU ADKR ADLA ADLS ADLT ADMA ADMF ADMI ADMM ADMS ADMT ADPT ADPY ADRI ADRT ADSA ADSB ADSU ADTG AEAB AEEL AETG AEXI AFOR AFUG AGCU Taxa name Code Denomination Aulacoseira Aulacoseira Aulacoseira Aulacoseira Aulacoseira Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) Krammer crenulata (Ehrenberg) Thwaites distans (Ehr.) Simonsen distans (Ehr.) Simonsen var. nivalis (Wm. Sm.) Haworth granulata (Ehr.) Simonsen var. angustissima (O.M.) Simonsen granulata (Ehr.) Simonsen 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.173 0.000 0.000 0.294 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.135 0.110 0.000 0.023 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.110 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.003 0.276 0.004 0.000 0.118 0.110 0.002 0.110 0.458 0.001 0.001 0.019 0.000 0.162 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.891 0.000 0.667 0.000 0.000 0.378 0.118 0.010 0.041 0.005 0.022 0.000 0.200 0.022 0.140 0.009 0.000 0.002 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.041 0.091 0.507 0.154 0.000 0.516 0.022 0.029 0.022 0.438 0.021 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.637 0.022 0.016 0.022 0.096 0.002 0.081 0.261 0.000 0.210 0.414 0.071 0.864 0.006 0.018 0.001 0.480 0.018 0.267 0.583 0.004 0.278 0.063 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.121 0.517 0.194 0.429 0.053 0.302 0.018 0.230 0.018 0.088 0.151 0.108 0.021 0.000 0.202 0.018 0.622 0.018 0.013 0.071 0.048 0.475 0.000 0.118 0.337 0.428 0.019 0.015 0.003 0.024 0.170 0.003 0.509 0.370 0.014 0.703 0.332 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.507 0.359 0.004 0.390 0.281 0.059 0.003 0.637 0.003 0.016 0.528 0.194 0.078 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.023 0.003 0.000 0.115 0.028 0.264 0.000 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.080 0.024 0.119 0.086 0.006 0.000 0.108 0.050 0.193 0.152 0.060 0.000 0.161 0.161 0.607 0.328 0.224 0.003 0.528 0.564 0.004 0.345 0.590 0.002 0.117 0.191 0.001 0.131 0.438 0.060 0.682 0.000 0.461 0.013 0.000 0.083 0.015 0.006 0.015 0.558 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.174 0.028 0.002 0.023 0.519 0.005 0.000 0.101 0.000 0.000 0.289 0.226 0.759 0.436 0.000 0.000 0.335 0.000 0.000 0.363 0.003 0.000 0.012 C6 0.035 0.089 0.110 0.053 0.006 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.053 0.015 0.291 0.000 0.515 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.975 0.002 0.023 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.157 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.146 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.467 0.123 0.564 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.449 0.000 0.000 0.988 C7 0.043 0.000 0.010 0.942 0.000 0.000 0.880 0.932 1.039 1.458 1.253 1.436 1.167 0.937 1.436 1.000 1.166 1.628 1.276 1.100 1.436 1.436 1.436 0.953 1.071 1.021 1.004 1.024 1.027 1.436 1.156 1.436 1.077 1.044 0.937 1.304 1.204 1.160 1.436 1.194 1.436 1.504 0.991 1.174 1.010 1.648 Vx 1.096 0.836 1.082 1.577 0.966 1.040 627 AUAL AUCR AUDI AUDN AUGA AUGR Amphora holsatica Hustedt Achnanthes holsatica Hustedt in Schmidt et al. Amphora inariensis Krammer Aulacoseira italica (Ehr.) Simonsen var. tenuissima (Grun.) Simonsen Achnanthes kranzii Lange-Bertalot Achnanthes lanceolata ssp. frequentissima Lange-Bertalot f. teratogene Achnanthes linearioides Lange-Bertalot Aulacoseira lirata (Ehr.) Ross in Hartley Achnanthes lanceolata (Breb.) Grunow fo. teratogene Achnanthes lutheri Hustedt Amphora fogediana Krammer Achnanthes minutissima Kutzing var. inconspicua Oestrup Achnanthes minuscula Hustedt Achnanthes minutissima Kutzing var. jackii (Rabenhorst) Lange-Bertalot Adlafia minuscula var. muralis (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Achnanthes minutissima Kutz. v. saprophila Kob. & Mayama f. teratogene Achnanthes minutissima Kutzing var. saprophila Kobayasi et Mayama fo. ter Adlafia muscora (Kociolek & Reviers) Moser Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Aulacoseira muzzanensis (Meister) Krammer Actinocyclus normanii (Greg. ex Grev.) Hustedt morphotype normanii Amphora normanii Rabenhorst Aneumastus tusculus (Ehrenberg) D.G. Mann & Stickle Amphora oligotraphenta Lange-Bertalot Achnanthes oblongella Oestrup fo. teratogene Amphora ovalis (Kutzing) Kutzing Amphora pediculus (Kutzing) Grunow abnormal form Achnanthes parvula Kutzing Amphora pediculus (Kutzing) Grunow Amphipleura pellucida Kutzing Achnanthes petersenii Hustedt KLB91p67f37/24-40 Achnanthidium pfisteri Lange-Bertalot Achnanthes pseudopunctulata Simonsen Achnanthes ploenensis Hustedt fo. teratogene Achnanthes rupestoides Hohn Achnanthes rupestoides Hohn f. teratogene Actinoptychus senarius (Ehr.) Ehr. Achnanthes subhudsonis Hustedt Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Ehr.) Pfitzer Amphora subturgida Hustedt Achnanthes taiaensis Carter in Carter & Denny ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 AHOL AHOS AINA AITE AKRZ ALFT ALIO ALIR ALTG ALUT AMFO AMII AMIS AMJA AMMT AMSB AMSD AMUS AMUZ ANMN ANOR ANTU AOLG AOTG AOVA APAB APAR APED APEL APET APFI APPU APTG ARPT ARTT ASEN ASHU ASPH ASTG ATAI Aulacoseira islandica (O. Muller) Simonsen Aulacoseira italica (Ehr.) Simonsen Aulacoseira pseudodistans Lange-Bertalot ‘manuskriptnamen’ Aulacoseira subborealis (Nygaard) Muylaert & Krammer Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Muller) Haworth Aulacoseira tenuior Krammer Aulacoseira valida (Grunow) Krammer Amphora veneta Kutzing Amphora veneta Kutzing fo. teratogene Brachysira brebissonii Ross in Hartley ssp. brebissonii Brachysira brebissonii fo. thermalis (Grunow in Van Heurck) Ross Brachysira neoexilis Lange-Bertalot Brachysira neoexilis Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Bacillaria paxillifera (O.F. Müller) Hendey var. paxillifer abnormal form Bacillaria paxillifera (O.F. Müller) Hendey var. paxillifer Brachysira procera Lange-Bertalot & Moser Berkeleya rutilans (Trentepohl) Grunow Brachysira serians (Breb.) Round et Mann var. serians Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) Ross in Hartley Cymbella excisa Kutzing var. excisa Cymbella affinis Kutzing var. affinis Cymbella affiniformis Krammer Cyclotella atomus var. gracilis Genkal & Kiss Craticula ambigua (Ehrenberg) Mann Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cleve fo. amphisbaena Caloneis alpestris (Grunow) Cleve Cymbella aspera (Ehrenberg) H. Peragallo Caloneis tenuis (Gregory) Krammer Cymbella affinis Kutzing abnormal form Cyclotella atomus Hustedt Caloneis bacillum (Grunow) Cleve Cymbopleura amphicephala Krammer Caloneis bacillum (Grunow) Cleve fo. teratogene Cymbopleura cuspidata (Kützing) Krammer Cymatosira belgica Grunow in Van Heurck Cymbopleura kuelbsii Krammer var. kuelbsii Cymbopleura naviculiformis (Auerswald) Krammer var. naviculiformis Cyclotella caspia Grunow Cyclotella cyclopuncta Hakansson & Carter Cymbella cistula (Ehrenberg) Kirchner Cymbella compacta Ostrup Cyclotella comensis Grunow in Van Heurck Cavinula cocconeiformis (Gregory ex Greville) Mann & Stickle Capartogramma crucicula (Grun. ex Cl.) Ross Cyclostephanos costatilimbus (Kobayasi & Kob.) Stoermer Hakansson & Their Cymbella cymbiformis Agardh Cocconeis disculus (Schumann) Cleve in Cleve & Jentzsch 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.195 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.048 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.255 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.045 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 C2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.001 0.016 0.331 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.110 0.480 0.000 0.361 0.000 0.002 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.521 0.202 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.027 0.001 0.004 0.110 0.036 0.755 0.000 0.002 0.060 0.002 0.062 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.000 C3 0.000 0.000 0.067 0.000 0.550 0.035 0.076 0.226 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.022 0.316 0.000 0.265 0.022 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.184 0.122 0.620 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.022 0.379 0.017 0.000 0.022 0.055 0.220 0.000 0.005 0.317 0.015 0.227 0.005 0.019 0.000 0.019 0.527 0.020 0.021 C4 0.000 0.139 0.196 0.000 0.196 0.258 0.277 0.203 0.018 0.002 0.023 0.000 0.018 0.018 0.144 0.000 0.253 0.012 0.003 0.050 0.022 0.000 0.512 0.076 0.147 0.000 0.102 0.075 0.018 0.357 0.117 0.044 0.018 0.081 0.020 0.000 0.153 0.349 0.240 0.237 0.000 0.348 0.010 0.033 0.316 0.036 0.148 C5 0.940 0.311 0.736 0.087 0.124 0.288 0.599 0.042 0.003 0.005 0.944 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.010 0.000 0.086 0.008 0.006 0.222 0.121 0.000 0.263 0.024 0.019 0.000 0.558 0.221 0.003 0.207 0.535 0.064 0.003 0.520 0.000 0.003 0.300 0.249 0.394 0.276 0.049 0.339 0.088 0.118 0.123 0.055 0.434 C6 0.060 0.541 0.001 0.611 0.041 0.211 0.027 0.002 0.000 0.057 0.000 0.027 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.001 0.035 0.769 0.268 0.604 0.555 0.945 0.032 0.002 0.009 0.988 0.304 0.273 0.000 0.013 0.318 0.696 0.000 0.288 0.000 0.233 0.364 0.005 0.277 0.146 0.241 0.277 0.363 0.829 0.000 0.709 0.392 C7 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.302 0.001 0.207 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.936 0.032 0.968 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.190 0.717 0.119 0.302 0.055 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.012 0.032 0.431 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.192 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.764 0.177 0.000 0.072 0.006 0.704 0.011 0.539 0.000 0.012 0.179 0.004 Vx 1.576 1.077 1.290 1.159 1.013 0.778 1.121 0.787 1.436 1.569 1.581 1.618 1.436 1.436 0.994 1.664 0.852 1.336 1.292 1.106 1.083 1.583 1.014 1.001 1.127 1.648 1.085 0.930 1.436 0.931 1.066 1.226 1.436 1.012 1.326 1.346 0.860 0.882 0.894 0.710 1.259 0.927 1.105 1.411 1.054 1.241 1.011 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 AUIS AUIT AUPD AUSB AUSU AUTN AUVA AVEN AVET BBRE BBTH BNEO BNTG BPAT BPAX BPRO BRUT BSER BVIT CAEX CAFF CAFM CAGR CAMB CAMP CAPS CASP CATE CATG CATO CBAC CBAM CBAT CBCU CBEL CBKU CBNA CCAS CCCP CCIS CCMP CCMS CCOC CCRU CCTL CCYM CDIS C1 628 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.005 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.505 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.025 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.013 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.846 0.616 0.014 0.047 0.005 0.002 0.000 0.110 0.230 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.493 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.147 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.042 0.137 0.379 0.000 0.018 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.015 0.954 0.000 0.002 0.048 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.110 0.004 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.110 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.110 0.290 0.045 0.171 0.013 0.018 0.000 0.022 0.188 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.495 0.000 0.499 0.000 0.003 0.492 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.002 0.484 0.402 0.266 0.157 0.073 0.022 0.007 0.028 0.022 0.039 0.040 0.036 0.007 0.000 0.217 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.022 0.072 0.045 0.057 0.021 0.022 0.041 0.003 0.000 0.022 0.063 0.274 0.465 0.440 0.139 0.115 0.018 0.054 0.034 0.020 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.024 0.276 0.084 0.131 0.297 0.009 0.037 0.133 0.139 0.388 0.238 0.164 0.502 0.454 0.018 0.084 0.000 0.018 0.243 0.295 0.000 0.072 0.006 0.386 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.018 0.238 0.180 0.289 0.125 0.018 0.022 0.315 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.320 0.284 0.494 0.620 0.631 0.003 0.020 0.190 0.331 0.371 0.000 0.000 0.240 0.149 0.452 0.537 0.019 0.439 0.263 0.619 0.521 0.083 0.182 0.133 0.310 0.244 0.003 0.507 0.783 0.003 0.606 0.541 0.010 0.279 0.258 0.284 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.003 0.483 0.471 0.476 0.343 0.003 0.015 0.571 0.718 0.003 0.012 0.217 0.015 0.044 0.219 0.254 0.000 0.004 0.432 0.585 0.625 0.012 0.000 0.384 0.045 0.330 0.300 0.011 0.552 0.700 0.220 0.334 0.003 0.015 0.027 0.031 0.200 0.000 0.316 0.066 0.000 0.107 0.105 0.000 0.324 0.707 0.064 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.191 0.285 0.154 0.448 0.000 0.863 0.095 0.267 0.000 0.001 0.126 0.000 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.342 0.064 0.000 0.968 0.000 0.351 0.031 0.134 0.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.073 0.122 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.317 0.027 0.000 0.000 0.999 0.000 0.000 0.012 0.013 0.021 0.061 0.000 0.059 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.788 0.954 1.119 1.134 1.164 1.436 0.983 0.973 1.139 1.226 1.616 1.179 0.955 0.989 0.969 1.059 0.995 1.191 1.264 1.130 1.066 1.054 0.849 0.827 1.025 0.925 1.436 1.019 1.342 1.436 1.117 1.052 1.596 0.883 1.270 0.873 1.436 1.665 1.436 1.436 0.959 0.968 0.968 0.970 1.436 1.456 1.111 1.292 1.436 1.154 629 Cyclotella distinguenda var. distinguenda Hustedt Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke) Round Cymbella ehrenbergii Kutzing Cymatopleura elliptica (Brebisson) W. Smith var. elliptica Cymbella excisa var. procera Krammer Cymbella excisa Kutzing var. excisa abnormal form Craticula halophila (Grunow ex Van Heurck) Mann Cymbella helvetica Kutzing Chamaepinnularia evanida (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Campylodiscus hibernicus Ehrenberg Chamaepinnularia mediocris (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann Chamaepinnularia soehrensis var. hassiaca (Krass.) Lange-Bertalot Chamaepinnularia soehrensis v. muscicola (Peters.) Lange-Bertalot & Kramm Chamaepinnularia soehrensis (Krass.) Lange-Bertalot & Krammer Cymbella hustedtii Krasske var. hustedtii Cyclostephanos invisitatus (Hohn & Hellerman) Theriot Stoermer & Hakansson Cymbella kolbei Hustedt var. kolbei Cyclotella kuetzingiana Thwaites var. radiosa Fricke Cymbella lanceolata (Agardh?) Agardh var. lanceolata Cymbella leptoceros (Ehrenberg) Kutzing Cyclotella meduanae Germain Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing Craticula molestiformis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Craticula minusculoides (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Caloneis molaris (Grunow) Krammer Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing fo. teratogene Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer Cymbella neoleptoceros Krammer var. neoleptoceros Cymbella neoleptoceros Krammer abnormal form Cocconeis neothumensis Krammer Cyclotella ocellata Pantocsek Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Ehr. Cocconeis pseudolineata (Geitler) Lange-Bertalot Cocconeis pseudothumensis Reichardt Cosmioneis pusilla (W. Smith) Mann & Stickle Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg fo. teratogene Cymbella parva (W. Sm.) Kirchner in Cohn Cocconeis pseudolineata (Geitler) Lange-Bertalot fo. anormale Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehr.) Grunow abnormal form Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg var. placentula Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg var. euglypta (Ehr.) Grunow Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg var. lineata (Ehr.) Van Heurck Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehr.) Van Heurck fo. anormale Cyclotella planctonica Brunnthaler Cyclotella polymorpha Meyer & Hakansson Cymbella proxima Reimer in Patrick & Reimer var. proxima Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg fo. teratogene Craticula accomoda (Hustedt) Mann ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 CDTG CDUB CEHR CELL CEPR CETG CHAL CHEL CHEV CHIB CHME CHMU CHSH CHSM CHSO CHUS CINV CKOL CKRA CLAN CLEP CMED CMEN CMLF CMNO CMOL CMTG CNDI CNLP CNLT CNTH COCE COIR COPL COPS COPU CPAB CPAR CPDF CPEA CPED CPLA CPLE CPLI CPLM CPLT CPOL CPRX CPTG CRAC Craticula citrus (Krasske) Reichardt Craticula cuspidata (Kutzing) Mann Cyclotella rossii Hakansson Cymbella subaequalis Grunow Cymatopleura solea (Brebisson) W. Smith var. apiculata (W. Smith) Ralfs Craticula submolesta (Hust.) Lange-Bertalot Cyclotella schumanni (Grunow) Håkansson Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg var. scutellum Caloneis schumanniana (Grunow) Cleve Caloneis silicula (Ehr.) Cleve Cymatopleura solea (Brebisson) W. Smith var. solea Cyclotella striata (Kutzing) Grunow 1880 in Cleve & Grunow Cymbella turgidula var. bengalensis Krammer Cymbella turgidula var. bengalensis Krammer abnormal form Cymbella turgidula Grunow 1875 in A. Schmidt & al. var. turgidula Cyclostephanos tholiformis Stoermer Hakansson & Theriot Cymbella tumidula Grunow in A. Schmidt & al. Cymbella tropica Krammer var. tropica Krammer Cymbella tumida (Brebisson) Van Heurck Cymbella vulgata Krammer var. vulgata Krammer Cavinula variostriata (Krasske) Mann & Stickle Cyclotella wuethrichiana Druart & Straub Cymbella species abnormal form Diatoma anceps (Ehr.) Kirchner Diadesmis contenta Grun. var. biceps (Grun. in V.H.) Hamilton Diadesmis confervacea Kützing Diadesmis contenta (Grunow ex V. Heurck) Mann Diadesmis confervacea Kützing abnormal form Delicata delicatula (Kützing) Krammer var. delicatula Diploneis didyma (Ehrenberg) Cleve Abnormal diatom valve (unidentified) or sum of deformities abundances Diatoma ehrenbergii Kutzing Diatoma ehrenbergii Kutzing forme teratogene Diploneis elliptica (Kutzing) Cleve Diadesmis gallica Wm. Smith Discostella glomerata (Bachmann) Houk et Klee Diatoma hyemalis (Roth) Heiberg var. hyemalis Diatoma tenuis Agardh Denticula kuetzingii Grunow var. kuetzingii Diploneis marginestriata Hustedt Diatoma mesodon (Ehrenberg) Kutzing Diploneis minuta Petersen Diatoma moniliformis Kutzing Diatoma moniliformis Kutzing fo. teratogene Diploneis oblongella (Naegeli) Cleve-Euler Diploneis oculata (Brebisson) Cleve Diploneis ovalis (Hilse) Cleve 0.000 0.337 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.064 0.030 0.846 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.003 0.474 0.000 0.846 0.001 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 C2 0.057 0.256 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.079 0.000 0.696 0.000 0.012 0.016 0.852 0.000 0.110 0.003 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.038 0.289 0.006 0.110 0.000 0.459 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.227 0.007 0.000 0.049 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.001 0.000 0.000 C3 0.453 0.209 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.383 0.034 0.261 0.003 0.056 0.085 0.052 0.096 0.022 0.086 0.161 0.000 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.034 0.000 0.022 0.044 0.462 0.155 0.025 0.022 0.001 0.375 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.003 0.513 0.003 0.035 0.131 0.016 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.022 0.004 0.001 0.009 C4 0.299 0.143 0.041 0.000 0.206 0.236 0.532 0.004 0.024 0.294 0.320 0.033 0.559 0.018 0.262 0.716 0.000 0.006 0.428 0.005 0.076 0.044 0.018 0.000 0.260 0.041 0.326 0.018 0.001 0.107 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.029 0.036 0.018 0.049 0.347 0.028 0.022 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.018 0.041 0.021 0.009 C5 0.106 0.051 0.867 0.000 0.717 0.129 0.434 0.039 0.702 0.445 0.520 0.000 0.300 0.003 0.552 0.085 0.206 0.026 0.383 0.000 0.081 0.624 0.003 0.257 0.155 0.038 0.609 0.003 0.001 0.059 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.438 0.187 0.426 0.133 0.402 0.016 0.767 0.026 0.981 0.020 0.003 0.585 0.280 0.556 C6 0.071 0.004 0.092 0.432 0.072 0.126 0.000 0.000 0.272 0.179 0.055 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.097 0.000 0.190 0.968 0.115 0.008 0.586 0.292 0.000 0.636 0.072 0.003 0.033 0.000 0.031 0.000 0.000 0.473 0.000 0.521 0.011 0.530 0.135 0.051 0.590 0.203 0.071 0.019 0.451 0.000 0.340 0.693 0.402 C7 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.568 0.000 0.039 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.604 0.000 0.008 0.987 0.223 0.040 0.000 0.063 0.010 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.966 0.000 0.000 0.523 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.016 0.649 0.009 0.341 0.009 0.897 0.000 0.522 0.000 0.029 0.005 0.023 Vx 0.929 0.795 1.466 1.205 1.265 0.788 1.160 1.257 1.271 0.939 1.039 1.440 1.081 1.436 1.049 1.249 1.122 1.617 0.984 1.646 1.072 1.167 1.436 1.165 0.925 0.965 1.167 1.436 1.615 1.013 1.436 1.190 1.436 1.149 0.992 1.148 1.145 0.912 1.151 1.338 1.510 1.637 1.165 1.436 1.145 1.262 1.159 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 CRCI CRCU CROS CSAE CSAP CSBM CSCM CSCU CSHU CSIL CSOL CSTR CTBE CTBT CTGL CTHO CTMD CTRO CTUM CVUL CVVA CWUE CYTG DANC DCBI DCOF DCOT DCTG DDEL DDID DEFO DEHR DEHT DELL DGAL DGLO DHIE DITE DKUE DMAR DMES DMIN DMON DMOT DOBL DOCU DOVA C1 630 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.136 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.011 0.000 0.136 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.031 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.011 0.031 0.009 0.000 0.029 0.603 0.002 0.095 0.000 0.002 0.110 0.089 0.047 0.377 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.001 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.026 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.069 0.000 0.087 0.000 0.053 0.040 0.077 0.000 0.784 0.190 0.035 0.086 0.005 0.024 0.022 0.079 0.093 0.342 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.031 0.001 0.010 0.022 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.008 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.164 0.018 0.065 0.012 0.675 0.048 0.319 0.067 0.297 0.226 0.169 0.071 0.048 0.699 0.021 0.151 0.018 0.260 0.166 0.145 0.000 0.064 0.007 0.789 0.000 0.037 0.018 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.151 0.005 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.005 0.002 0.001 0.018 0.014 0.036 0.000 0.055 0.029 0.093 0.005 0.000 0.018 0.459 0.045 0.307 0.013 0.174 0.253 0.515 0.306 0.410 0.774 0.017 0.000 0.093 0.086 0.026 0.477 0.003 0.492 0.173 0.000 0.000 0.283 0.231 0.180 0.003 0.043 0.003 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.434 0.014 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.014 0.012 0.003 0.003 0.050 0.000 0.006 0.381 0.114 0.750 0.006 0.018 0.003 0.311 0.177 0.286 0.939 0.054 0.284 0.097 0.475 0.181 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.603 0.021 0.169 0.333 0.000 0.068 0.189 0.000 0.000 0.316 0.530 0.000 0.014 0.206 0.000 0.000 0.575 0.000 0.359 0.189 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.051 0.285 0.039 0.000 0.079 0.091 0.310 0.278 0.658 0.129 0.117 0.092 0.000 0.053 0.759 0.242 0.037 0.004 0.416 0.002 0.081 0.027 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.219 0.000 0.779 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.332 0.000 1.000 0.337 0.227 0.000 0.982 0.702 0.000 0.000 0.425 0.000 0.047 0.793 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.993 0.000 0.903 0.701 0.958 0.000 0.857 0.873 0.684 0.268 0.200 0.011 0.872 0.890 0.000 0.968 1.318 0.792 1.572 1.189 0.938 1.033 0.960 0.896 1.359 1.354 1.096 1.096 1.209 1.346 1.007 1.436 0.954 0.718 0.902 1.666 0.898 1.042 1.364 1.639 1.238 1.436 1.436 1.207 1.436 0.976 1.373 1.436 1.666 1.436 1.655 1.436 1.518 1.278 1.602 1.436 1.449 1.475 1.268 0.899 1.177 1.295 1.478 1.502 1.436 631 Diploneis parma Cleve Denticula parva Hustedt Diadesmis perpusilla (Grunow) D.G. Mann in Round & al. Diploneis peterseni Hustedt Diatoma problematica Lange-Bertalot Diploneis pseudovalis Hustedt Discostella pseudostelligera (Hustedt) Houk et Klee Diploneis puella (Schumann) Cleve Discostella stelligera (Cleve et Grun.) Houk & Klee Discostella stelligeroides (Hustedt) Houk et Klee Denticula subtilis Grunow Delphineis surirella (Ehr.) Andrews Denticula tenuis Kutzing var. crassula (Naegeli) Hustedt Diatoma tenuis Agardh var. elongatum Lyngbye Denticula tenuis Kutzing Diatoma vulgaris Bory 1824 Diatoma vulgaris Bory fo. teratogene Discostella woltereckii (Hustedt) Houk & Klee Epithemia adnata (Kutzing) Brebisson Entomoneis alata Ehrenberg Encyonopsis aequalis (W. Smith) Krammer Eunotia arcus Ehrenberg var. arcus Ellerbeckia arenaria (Moore) Crawford Epithemia argus (Ehrenberg) Kutzing var. argus Eunotia arculus (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & Nörpel Eunotia bilunaris (Ehr.) Mills var. bilunaris Eunotia bilunaris (Ehr.) Mills var. bilunaris fo. teratogene Eunotia bilunaris var. mucophila Lange-Bertalot Norpel & al. f. teratoge Eunotia botuliformis Wild Norpel & Lange-Bertalot Eolimna comperei Ector. Coste et Iserentant abnormal form (teratogen) Encyonema caespitosum Kützing Encyonopsis cesatii (Rabenhorst) Krammer Encyonopsis cesatii (Rabenhorst) Krammer fo. teratogene Encyonopsis krammeri Reichardt Encyonopsis microcephala (Grunow) Krammer fo. teratogene Encyonopsis minuta Krammer & Reichardt Encyonema caespitosum Kützing fo. teratogene Eunotia diodon Ehrenberg Eunotia exigua (Breb.) Rabenhorst var. tenella (Grunow) Nörpel et alles Eunotia exigua (Brebisson ex Kützing) Rabenhorst Eunotia exigua (Brebisson ex Kützing) Rabenhorst f. teratogene Eunotia faba Grunow Eunotia fallax A. Cleve var. fallax Eunotia flexuosa (Brebisson) Kutzing Eunotia formica Ehrenberg Eunotia glacialis Meister Epithemia goeppertiana Hilse Eunotia implicata Nörpel. Lange-Bertalot & Alles Eunotia incisa Gregory var. incisa Eunotia incisa Gregory fo. teratogene ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 DPAR DPAV DPER DPET DPRO DPSO DPST DPUE DSTE DSTO DSUB DSUR DTCR DTEL DTEN DVUL DVUT DWOL EADN EALA EAQL EARC EARE EARG EARL EBIL EBIT EBMT EBOT ECAB ECAE ECES ECET ECKR ECMT ECPM ECTT EDIO EETE EEXI EEXT EFAB EFAL EFLE EFOR EGLA EGOE EIMP EINC EITG Eunotia meisteri Hustedt Eunotia minor (Kutzing) Grunow in Van Heurck Eunotia mucophila (Lange-Bert. & Norpel Schempp) Metzeltin Lange-Bertalot & Eunotia naegeli Migula Encyonopsis microcephala (Grunow) Krammer Encyonema species abnormal form Encyonema lange-bertalotii Krammer morphotype 1 Encyonopsis leei Krammer var. leei Encyonema mesianum (Cholnoky) D.G. Mann Encyonema minutum (Hilse in Rabh.) D.G. Mann Encyonema minutum (Hilse in Rabh.) D.G. Mann fo. teratogene Encyonema neogracile Krammer Encyonema perpusillum (A. Cleve) D.G. Mann Encyonema reichardtii (Krammer) D.G. Mann Encyonema triangulum (Ehrenberg) Kützing Encyonema ventricosum (Agardh) Grunow Eolimna comperei Ector. Coste et Iserentant Eolimna minima (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Eolimna minima (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Eolimna rhombelliptica Moser Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Entomoneis paludosa (W. Smith) Reimer var. paludosa Eunotia pectinalis (Dyllwyn) Rabenhorst var. pectinalis Eunotia praerupta Ehrenberg var. praerupta Encyonema prostratum (Berkeley) Kützing Entomoneis paludosa (W. Smith) Reimer var. subsalina (Cleve) Krammer Eunotia praerupta Ehrenberg fo. teratogene Eunotia pectinalis (Kutz.) Rabenhorst var. undulata (Ralfs) Rabenhorst Eunotia pectinalis (Kutz.) Rabenhorst var. ventralis (Ehr.) Hustedt Eunotia rhomboidea Hustedt Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch in Rabh.) D.G. Mann abnormal form Encyonema subalpinum (Hustedt) D.G. Mann Eolimna subminuscula (Manguin) Moser Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Eolimna subminuscula (Mang.) Moser Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin fo. teratogene Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch in Rabh.) D.G. Mann Eunotia soleirolii (Kutzing) Rabenhorst Epithemia sorex Kutzing Eunotia soleirolii (Kutzing) Rabenhorst fo. teratogene Eunotia subarcuatoides Alles Nörpel & Lange-Bertalot Eunotia sudetica O. Muller Encyonopsis subminuta Krammer & Reichardt Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch in Rabh.) D.G. Mann var. ventriformis Kramm Epithemia sorex Kutzing abnormal form Epithemia turgida (Ehr.) Kutzing var. turgida Eucocconeis austriaca (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Eucocconeis flexella (Kützing) Brun Eunotia intermedia (Krasske ex Hustedt) Nörpel & Lange-Bertalot Eucocconeis laevis (Oestrup) Lange-Bertalot 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.846 0.002 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.846 0.000 0.041 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.262 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.846 0.000 0.143 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.013 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 C2 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.003 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.028 0.028 0.110 0.000 0.808 0.004 0.061 0.000 0.638 0.110 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.110 0.000 0.302 0.110 0.001 0.000 0.036 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.110 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 C3 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.022 0.093 0.000 0.060 0.046 0.022 0.005 0.011 0.039 0.315 0.018 0.376 0.349 0.022 0.000 0.089 0.023 0.000 0.010 0.069 0.022 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.128 0.344 0.022 0.019 0.131 0.247 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.047 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 C4 0.000 0.024 0.004 0.000 0.010 0.018 0.123 0.027 0.100 0.146 0.018 0.003 0.019 0.208 0.461 0.122 0.354 0.307 0.018 0.072 0.033 0.094 0.001 0.179 0.031 0.018 0.038 0.000 0.005 0.018 0.258 0.155 0.018 0.060 0.138 0.390 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.018 0.169 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.000 C5 0.002 0.079 0.007 0.000 0.106 0.003 0.169 0.342 0.157 0.295 0.003 0.043 0.007 0.632 0.206 0.162 0.205 0.224 0.003 0.261 0.023 0.083 0.047 0.599 0.000 0.003 0.062 0.011 0.011 0.003 0.543 0.033 0.003 0.155 0.166 0.257 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.003 0.759 0.093 0.005 0.001 0.000 C6 0.236 0.314 0.017 0.130 0.576 0.000 0.521 0.632 0.330 0.313 0.000 0.167 0.275 0.116 0.013 0.247 0.037 0.082 0.000 0.662 0.006 0.239 0.258 0.204 0.000 0.000 0.195 0.989 0.285 0.000 0.071 0.023 0.000 0.320 0.402 0.053 0.000 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.035 0.000 0.017 0.551 0.006 0.918 0.046 C7 0.763 0.580 0.966 0.870 0.306 0.000 0.093 0.000 0.350 0.196 0.000 0.780 0.688 0.000 0.001 0.450 0.001 0.004 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.557 0.632 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.697 0.000 0.697 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.445 0.162 0.003 0.000 0.993 0.993 0.989 0.960 0.000 0.000 0.351 0.988 0.081 0.950 Vx 1.346 1.120 1.613 1.477 1.114 1.436 0.961 1.213 0.846 0.798 1.436 1.347 1.251 1.141 0.995 0.913 0.923 0.855 1.436 1.208 1.373 1.040 1.160 1.108 1.170 1.436 1.229 1.649 1.271 1.436 1.039 0.816 1.436 0.953 0.809 0.874 1.436 1.655 1.655 1.649 1.605 1.436 1.314 1.112 1.648 1.543 1.589 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 EMEI EMIN EMUC ENAE ENCM ENCT ENLB ENLE ENME ENMI ENMT ENNG ENPE ENRE ENTR ENVE EOCO EOMI EOMT EORH EPAL EPEC EPRA EPRO EPSU EPTE EPUN EPVE ERHO ESAB ESBA ESBM ESBT ESLE ESOL ESOR ESOT ESUB ESUD ESUM ESVE ESXT ETUR EUAU EUFL EUIN EULA C1 632 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.007 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.002 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.005 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.110 0.013 0.002 0.110 0.110 0.005 0.004 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.002 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.996 0.000 0.013 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.009 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.008 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.028 0.000 0.110 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.001 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.050 0.022 0.022 0.015 0.051 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.238 0.022 0.023 0.022 0.056 0.022 0.006 0.057 0.026 0.001 0.002 0.022 0.004 0.000 0.085 0.022 0.007 0.022 0.101 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.011 0.022 0.022 0.000 0.026 0.001 0.091 0.186 0.003 0.022 0.043 0.001 0.713 0.000 0.018 0.008 0.018 0.018 0.087 0.261 0.018 0.018 0.039 0.145 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.259 0.018 0.082 0.018 0.242 0.018 0.010 0.939 0.285 0.006 0.004 0.018 0.000 0.022 0.201 0.018 0.318 0.018 0.658 0.018 0.014 0.018 0.007 0.047 0.018 0.018 0.061 0.047 0.031 0.778 0.426 0.072 0.018 0.481 0.001 0.212 0.000 0.003 0.021 0.003 0.003 0.323 0.342 0.003 0.003 0.084 0.268 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.249 0.003 0.190 0.003 0.401 0.003 0.040 0.004 0.375 0.048 0.004 0.003 0.000 0.040 0.333 0.003 0.391 0.003 0.138 0.003 0.962 0.003 0.010 0.053 0.003 0.003 0.555 0.045 0.588 0.125 0.249 0.699 0.003 0.289 0.028 0.062 0.115 0.000 0.077 0.000 0.000 0.528 0.210 0.000 0.000 0.221 0.301 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.244 0.000 0.197 0.000 0.195 0.000 0.666 0.000 0.298 0.219 0.028 0.000 0.000 0.836 0.280 0.000 0.279 0.000 0.054 0.000 0.024 0.000 0.093 0.167 0.000 0.000 0.270 0.021 0.371 0.002 0.082 0.211 0.000 0.171 0.970 0.013 0.885 0.000 0.892 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.135 0.000 0.000 0.636 0.230 0.000 0.993 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.507 0.000 0.106 0.000 0.278 0.000 0.013 0.726 0.962 0.000 0.000 0.103 0.084 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.891 0.712 0.000 0.000 0.115 0.861 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.000 1.620 1.260 1.498 1.436 1.503 1.436 1.436 1.051 0.805 1.436 1.436 1.146 0.779 1.436 1.655 1.436 0.794 1.436 0.971 1.436 0.851 1.436 1.220 1.573 0.924 1.282 1.608 1.436 1.660 1.419 0.792 1.436 0.959 1.436 1.153 1.436 1.608 1.436 1.502 1.242 1.436 1.436 1.059 1.451 1.174 1.338 0.879 1.239 1.436 0.982 633 Eunotia paludosa Grunow in Van Heurck var. paludosa Eolimna verecundaeformis (Mang. ex Koc. & Rev.) Lange-Bert. Kusber & Metzelti Fragilaria acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann Fragilaria acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann f. teratogene Fragilaria arcus (Ehrenberg) Cleve var. arcus Fragilaria arcus (Ehrenberg) Cleve fo. teratogene Fragilaria biceps (Kutzing) Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Fragilaria bicapitata A. Mayer Fragilaria bidens Heiberg Fragilaria brevistriata Grunow (Pseudostaurosira) forme teratogene Fragilaria bidens Heiberg abnormal form Fragilaria capucina Desmazieres var. amphicephala (Grunow) Lange-Bertalo Fragilaria capucina Desmazieres var. capucina Fragilaria capucina Desmazieres fo. teratogene Fragilaria capucina Desmazieres var. austriaca (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria construens f. binodis (Ehr.) Grunow forme teratogene Fragilaria capucina Desmazieres var. capitellata (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria capucina Desm. v. capitellata (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot abnormal Fragilaria capucina Desmazieres var. distans (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria capucina Desm. var. gracilis (Oest.) Hustedt forme teratogene Fragilaria capucina Desmazieres var. mesolepta (Rabenhorst) Rabenhorst Fragilaria construens (Ehr.) Grunow fo. teratogene Fragilaria capucina Desm. var. perminuta (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Frustulia creuzburgensis (Krasske) Hustedt Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Fragilaria capucina Desm. ssp. rumpens (Kütz.) Lange-Bert. ex Bukht. Frustulia crassinervia (Breb.) Lange-Bertalot et Krammer Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton forme teratogene Fallacia cryptolyra (Brockman) Stickle & Mann in Round & al. Fragilaria cassubica Witkowski et Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria capucina Desmazieres var. vaucheriae (Kutzing) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria capucina var. vaucheriae (Kutz.) Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Fragilaria danica (Kutz.) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria danica (Kutz.) Lange-Bertalot fo. anormale Fragilaria delicatissima (W. Smith) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria delicatissima (W. Smith) Lange-Bertalot fo. anormale Fragilaria dorsiventralis (O. Muller) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria dorsiventralis (O. Muller) Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Frustulia erifuga Lange-Bertalot & Krammer Fragilaria famelica (Kutzing) Lange-Bertalot var. famelica Fragilaria fasciculata (C.A. Aga.) Lange-Bertalot forme teratogene Fragilaria goulardii (Brébisson) Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Fragilaria goulardii (Brébisson) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria gracilis Østrup Fallacia helensis (Schulz.) D.G. Mann Fallacia indifferens (Hustedt) D.G. Mann Fallacia insociabilis (Krasske) D.G. Mann Fallacia lenzi (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria martyi (Heribaud) Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Fragilaria miniscula (Grun. in V. Heurck) Williams & Round ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 EUPA EVCF FACD FACT FARC FART FBCT FBIC FBID FBTE FBTG FCAH FCAP FCAT FCAU FCBT FCCP FCCT FCDI FCGT FCME FCOT FCPE FCRE FCRO FCRP FCRS FCRT FCRY FCSU FCVA FCVT FDAN FDAT FDEL FDET FDOR FDOT FERI FFAM FFAT FGOT FGOU FGRA FHEL FIND FINS FLEN FMAT FMIN Fallacia monoculata (Hustedt) D.G. Mann Fallacia muraloides (Hustedt) D. Mann Fragilaria nanana Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria nitzschioides Grunow in Van Heurck Fragilaria nanana Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Fragilaria oldenburgiana Hustedt Fistulifera pelliculosa (Brebisson) Lange-Bertalot Fallacia pseudoforcipata (Hustedt) D.G. Mann Fragilaria pinnata Ehrenberg forme teratogene Fragilaria pulchella (Ralfs ex Kutz.) Lange-Bertalot (Ctenophora) Fragilaria pulchella (Ralfs ex Kutz.) Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Fallacia pygmaea (Kützing) Stickle & Mann ssp. pygmaea Lange-Bertalot Frustulia rhomboids (Ehr.) De Toni var. amphipleuroides (Grunow) De Toni Frustulia rhomboids (Ehr.) De Toni Fragilaria capucina var. rumpens (Kütz) Lange-Bert. ex Bukht. fo. teratogen Fistulifera saprophila (Lange-Bertalot & Bonik) Lange-Bertalot Frustulia saxonica Rabenhorst Fallacia subhamulata (Grunow in V. Heurck) D.G. Mann Fallacia sublucidula (Hustedt) D.G. Mann Fragilaria tenera (W. Smith) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria tenera (W. Smith) Lange-Bertalot teratogen form Fallacia tenera (Hustedt) Mann in Round Fragilaria ulna Sippen angustissima (Grun.) Lange-Bertalot fo. anormale Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch.) Lange-Bertalot teratogen form Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch.) Lange-Bert. v. oxyrhynchus (Kutz.) Lange-Bertalot Fragilaria virescens Ralfs Fragilaria virescens Ralfs forme teratologique Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) De Toni Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites) De Toni fo. teratogene Frustulia weinholdii Hustedt Geissleria acceptata (Hust.) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg var. coronata (Ehr.) W. Smith Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg Gomphonema acidoclinatum Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt Gomphonema affine Kutzing Gomphonema affine Kutzing fo teratogene (abnormal form) Gomphonema angustatum (Kutzing) Rabenhorst Gomphonema angustum Agardh Gomphonema augur Ehrenberg Gomphonema bavaricum Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema bourbonense E. Reichardt et Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema bohemicum Reichelt & Fricke ssp. bohemicum Gomphonema cymbelliclinum Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema chubichuensis Jüttner & Cox abnormal form Gomphonema clavatum Ehr. Gomphonema clevei Fricke Gomphonema calcifugum Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt 0.035 0.012 0.001 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.209 0.846 0.002 0.846 0.087 0.000 0.001 0.846 0.140 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.003 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.013 0.233 0.004 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 C2 0.134 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.791 0.110 0.202 0.110 0.549 0.000 0.002 0.110 0.429 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.039 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.110 0.181 0.000 0.110 0.019 0.110 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.324 0.111 0.110 0.001 0.018 0.055 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.002 0.000 0.000 C3 0.154 0.000 0.070 0.009 0.022 0.047 0.006 0.000 0.022 0.341 0.022 0.211 0.007 0.001 0.022 0.248 0.000 0.006 0.005 0.118 0.022 0.248 0.022 0.022 0.195 0.003 0.022 0.101 0.022 0.000 0.020 0.020 0.065 0.010 0.233 0.022 0.040 0.013 0.096 0.000 0.039 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.077 0.001 0.000 C4 0.379 0.000 0.195 0.240 0.018 0.259 0.036 0.000 0.018 0.270 0.018 0.075 0.067 0.002 0.018 0.132 0.002 0.069 0.054 0.303 0.018 0.724 0.018 0.018 0.547 0.023 0.018 0.179 0.018 0.155 0.177 0.164 0.096 0.033 0.245 0.018 0.547 0.215 0.422 0.000 0.462 0.088 0.000 0.018 0.124 0.018 0.000 C5 0.194 0.000 0.336 0.294 0.003 0.409 0.044 0.000 0.003 0.091 0.003 0.069 0.342 0.036 0.003 0.040 0.013 0.625 0.117 0.294 0.003 0.020 0.003 0.003 0.077 0.096 0.003 0.402 0.003 0.254 0.453 0.393 0.394 0.122 0.330 0.003 0.293 0.354 0.387 0.060 0.338 0.162 0.000 0.003 0.288 0.066 0.002 C6 0.105 0.988 0.271 0.457 0.000 0.181 0.890 0.000 0.000 0.091 0.000 0.009 0.527 0.182 0.000 0.007 0.055 0.297 0.817 0.144 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.255 0.000 0.268 0.000 0.591 0.315 0.378 0.277 0.054 0.053 0.000 0.116 0.345 0.031 0.005 0.125 0.718 0.000 0.000 0.279 0.206 0.028 C7 0.000 0.000 0.098 0.000 0.000 0.105 0.024 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.057 0.776 0.000 0.004 0.929 0.003 0.006 0.098 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.622 0.000 0.028 0.000 0.000 0.034 0.042 0.154 0.224 0.024 0.000 0.002 0.054 0.000 0.936 0.030 0.032 1.000 0.000 0.229 0.708 0.970 Vx 0.770 1.648 0.781 0.993 1.436 0.867 1.496 1.379 1.436 0.798 1.436 1.009 1.067 1.344 1.436 0.875 1.558 1.174 1.393 0.742 1.436 1.293 1.436 1.436 1.029 1.146 1.436 0.861 1.436 1.115 0.967 0.950 0.845 0.754 0.780 1.436 1.064 0.894 0.975 1.569 0.982 1.253 1.666 1.436 0.770 1.251 1.620 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 FMOC FMUD FNAN FNIT FNTG FOLD FPEL FPFO FPTE FPUL FPUT FPYG FRAM FRHO FRUT FSAP FSAX FSBH FSLU FTEN FTET FTNR FUAG FULT FUOX FVIR FVIT FVUL FVUT FWEI GACC GACO GACU GADC GAFF GAFT GANG GANT GAUG GBAV GBOB GBOH GCBC GCHT GCLA GCLE GCLF C1 634 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.846 0.000 0.004 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.025 0.001 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.181 0.038 0.846 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.003 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.015 0.005 0.068 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.151 0.010 0.005 0.110 0.110 0.001 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.110 0.001 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.281 0.816 0.110 0.000 0.542 0.013 0.189 0.000 0.000 0.055 0.071 0.000 0.002 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.069 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.045 0.005 0.099 0.022 0.000 0.051 0.022 0.075 0.000 0.000 0.695 0.103 0.054 0.022 0.022 0.006 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.055 0.000 0.022 0.005 0.022 0.022 0.006 0.223 0.113 0.022 0.000 0.309 0.987 0.585 0.000 0.077 0.110 0.395 0.000 0.007 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.094 0.249 0.012 0.177 0.000 0.167 0.006 0.018 0.094 0.047 0.113 0.018 0.000 0.194 0.018 0.257 0.002 0.000 0.091 0.289 0.201 0.018 0.018 0.095 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.114 0.103 0.018 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.181 0.013 0.018 0.000 0.124 0.000 0.221 0.080 0.307 0.344 0.276 0.131 0.031 0.018 0.009 0.000 0.831 0.406 0.036 0.727 0.040 0.238 0.510 0.003 0.252 0.098 0.175 0.003 0.024 0.527 0.003 0.659 0.001 0.114 0.036 0.342 0.437 0.003 0.003 0.169 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.243 0.392 0.003 0.080 0.003 0.003 0.217 0.064 0.018 0.003 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.005 0.095 0.405 0.245 0.199 0.206 0.092 0.003 0.098 0.002 0.006 0.284 0.103 0.096 0.728 0.595 0.274 0.000 0.594 0.286 0.189 0.000 0.067 0.220 0.000 0.009 0.091 0.886 0.001 0.149 0.278 0.000 0.000 0.660 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.426 0.302 0.000 0.091 0.000 0.000 0.760 0.063 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.825 0.205 0.126 0.032 0.208 0.189 0.000 0.114 0.240 0.000 0.017 0.849 0.000 0.233 0.000 0.210 0.000 0.000 0.560 0.348 0.000 0.909 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.907 0.000 0.000 0.104 0.025 0.000 0.000 0.070 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.154 0.204 0.000 0.808 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.117 0.013 0.455 0.679 0.000 0.777 0.758 1.412 0.920 1.439 1.274 1.291 1.116 1.033 1.436 1.102 1.073 0.720 1.436 1.528 1.013 1.436 1.201 1.527 1.499 1.213 0.793 0.925 1.436 1.436 1.167 1.666 1.436 1.666 0.867 0.898 1.436 1.376 1.436 1.436 1.332 0.685 1.389 1.436 1.666 1.070 1.646 1.100 1.405 0.915 0.740 0.864 0.922 1.201 1.436 1.335 1.341 635 Geissleria declivis (Hust.) Lange-Bertalot Geissleria decussis (Ostrup) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Gomphonema designatum E. Reichardt Gomphonema dichotomum Kutz. Gomphonema drutelingense Reichardt Gomphonema duplipunctatum Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt Gomphonema entolejum Ostrup Gomphonema exilissimum (Grun.) Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt fo. anormale Gomphoneis eriense var. variabilis Kociolek & Stoermer Gomphonema exilissimum (Grun.) Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt Gomphonema gracile Ehrenberg Gomphonema gracile Ehrenberg fo. teratogene Gomphonema hebridense Gregory Geissleria ignota (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Gomphonema javanicum Hustedt abnormal form Gomphonema javanicum Hustedt Gomphonema lateripunctatum Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema lepidum Fricke Gomphonema lagenula Kützing Gomphonema micropus Kützing var. micropus Gomphonema minutum (Ag.) Agardh f. minutum Gomphonema minutum (Ag.) Agardh fo. teratogene Gomphonema micropus Kützing fo teratogene Gomphoneis minuta (Stone) Kociolek & Stoermer var. minuta Gomphonema micropumilum Reichardt Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grunow) Reimer abnormal form Gomphonema occultum Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema olivaceum (Hornemann) Brébisson var. olivaceum Gomphonema olivaceolacuum (Lange-Bert. & Reichardt) Lange-Bert. & Reicha Gomphonema species abnormal form Gomphonema olivaceum var. olivaceoides (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema olivaceum (Hornemann) Brébisson fo. teratogene Gomphonema pseudoaugur Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Geissleria paludosa (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Gomphonema parvulum (Kützing) Kützing var. parvulum f. parvulum Gomphonema parvulum var. parvulum f. saprophilum Lange-Bert. & Reichardt Gomphonema parvulum Kutzing fo. teratogene Gomphonema pumilum var. elegans Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot Gomphosphenia grovei M. Schmidt var. lingulata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Gomphosphenia grovei (M. Schmidt) Lange-Bertalot Gomphosphenia lingulatiformis (Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt) Lange-Bertalo Gomphonema procerum Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema pumilum var. rigidum Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema productum (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt Gomphonema pseudoaugur Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema pseudotenellum Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema pumilum (Grunow) Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema pumilum (Grunow) Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot fo. anormale Gomphonema parvulius Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt Gomphonema rhombicum M. Schmidt ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 GDCL GDEC GDES GDIC GDRU GDUP GENT GETG GEVA GEXL GGRA GGRT GHEB GINO GJAT GJAV GLAT GLEP GLGN GMIC GMIN GMIT GMIT GMMI GMPU GNOT GOCU GOLI GOLL GOMT GOOL GOTG GPAA GPAL GPAR GPAS GPAT GPEL GPGL GPGR GPLI GPRC GPRI GPRO GPSA GPTE GPUM GPUT GPVL GRHB Gomphonema rosenstockianum Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt Gomphonema sarcophagus Gregory Gyrosigma scalproides (Rabenhorst) Cleve abnormal form Geissleria schoenfeldii (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Geissleria similis (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Gyrosigma spencerii (Quekett) Griffith et Henfrey Gomphonema subtile Ehr. Gomphonema tergestinum Fricke Gomphonema truncatum Ehr. fo. teratogene Gomphonema truncatum Ehr. Gomphonema utae Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt Gomphonema ventricosum Gregory Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kutzing) Rabenhorst Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst Gyrosygma obtusatum (Sullivan & Wormley) Boyer Hantzschia abundans Lange-Bertalot Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grunow in Cleve et Grunow 1880 Hippodonta avittata (Cholnoky) Lange-Bert. Metzeltin & Witkowski Hippodonta capitata (Ehr.) Lange-Bert. Metzeltin & Witkowski Hippodonta costulata (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Metzeltin & Witkowski Hippodonta hungarica (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Metzeltin & Witkowski Hippodonta lueneburgensis (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot Metzeltin & Witkowski Hippodonta subtilissima Lange-Bertalot Metzeltin & Witkowski Hydrosera triquetra Wallich Karayevia amoena (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova Karayevia kolbei (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova Karayevia ploenensis (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova Karayevia suchlandtii (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova Karayevia clevei (Grunow) Bukhtiyarova Karayevia clevei var. rostrata (Hustedt) Kingston Kolbesia gessneri (Hust.) Aboal Karayevia laterostrata (Hust.) Kingston Luticola acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot Luticola cohnii (Hilse) D.G. Mann Luticola goeppertiana (Bleisch in Rabenhorst) D.G. Mann Luticola goeppertiana (Bleisch in Rabenhorst) D.G. Mann f. teratogene Lemnicola hungarica (Grunow) Round & Basson Lemnicola hungarica (Grunow) Round & Basson abnormal form Luticola mitigata (Hustedt) D.G. Mann Luticola mutica (Kützing) D.G. Mann Luticola nivalis (Ehrenberg) D.G. Mann Luticola peguana (Grunow in Cl. & Moeller) D.G. Mann Luticola minor (R.M. Patrick) Mayama Luticola ventriconfusa Lange-Bertalot Luticola ventricosa (Kützing) D.G. Mann Mayamaea atomus var. alcimonica (Reichardt) Reichardt Mayamaea atomus (Kutzing) Lange-Bertalot 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.038 0.020 0.072 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.039 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.085 0.114 0.846 0.237 0.846 0.000 0.161 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.036 C2 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.041 0.000 0.001 0.110 0.024 0.000 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.046 0.124 0.090 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.082 0.000 0.000 0.953 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.036 0.128 0.292 0.110 0.322 0.110 0.264 0.662 0.142 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.463 0.002 0.203 C3 0.000 0.065 0.022 0.000 0.016 0.066 0.000 0.004 0.022 0.131 0.520 0.000 0.054 0.005 0.654 0.168 0.330 0.000 0.136 0.005 0.535 0.045 0.059 0.011 0.088 0.010 0.019 0.030 0.037 0.000 0.004 0.002 0.052 0.135 0.337 0.022 0.261 0.022 0.344 0.132 0.368 0.740 0.893 1.000 0.402 0.055 0.352 C4 0.000 0.419 0.018 0.000 0.345 0.737 0.384 0.021 0.018 0.337 0.272 0.000 0.408 0.116 0.227 0.476 0.291 0.008 0.411 0.071 0.183 0.264 0.932 0.018 0.743 0.033 0.191 0.000 0.291 0.089 0.073 0.117 0.064 0.556 0.172 0.018 0.143 0.018 0.385 0.030 0.407 0.226 0.094 0.000 0.110 0.114 0.312 C5 0.001 0.359 0.003 0.281 0.608 0.143 0.542 0.115 0.003 0.324 0.138 0.057 0.449 0.699 0.032 0.166 0.171 0.281 0.364 0.537 0.112 0.665 0.004 0.019 0.108 0.371 0.692 0.224 0.622 0.866 0.734 0.822 0.443 0.065 0.075 0.003 0.030 0.003 0.003 0.012 0.072 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.010 0.274 0.085 C6 0.010 0.133 0.000 0.547 0.019 0.007 0.021 0.490 0.000 0.163 0.070 0.943 0.075 0.179 0.003 0.045 0.041 0.700 0.062 0.381 0.048 0.026 0.006 0.000 0.017 0.565 0.097 0.745 0.048 0.045 0.187 0.050 0.212 0.030 0.010 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.556 0.011 C7 0.990 0.023 0.000 0.171 0.012 0.000 0.053 0.368 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.011 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.042 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.010 0.193 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 Vx 1.650 0.952 1.436 1.075 1.181 1.274 1.124 1.048 1.436 0.832 1.018 1.580 1.030 1.234 1.174 0.904 0.778 1.273 0.946 1.117 0.977 1.211 1.562 1.593 1.279 1.142 1.223 1.314 1.164 1.465 1.284 1.400 0.879 0.998 0.798 1.436 0.803 1.436 0.966 1.173 0.949 1.306 1.507 1.666 1.047 1.064 0.850 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 GROS GSAR GSCT GSHO GSML GSPE GSUB GTER GTRT GTRU GUTA GVEN GYAC GYAT GYOB HABU HAMP HAVT HCAP HCOS HHUN HLUE HSUT HTRQ KAAM KAKO KAPL KASU KCLE KCRO KGES KLAT LACD LCOH LGOE LGOT LHUN LHUT LMIT LMUT LNIV LPEG LUMI LVCF LVEN MAAL MAAT C1 636 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.042 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.084 0.017 0.000 0.002 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.846 0.005 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.063 0.846 0.562 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.040 0.002 0.846 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.020 0.003 0.497 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.334 0.110 0.000 0.005 0.002 0.110 0.240 0.983 0.000 0.015 0.110 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.083 0.004 0.110 0.020 0.026 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.556 0.196 0.001 0.000 0.417 0.110 0.272 0.000 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.002 0.785 0.004 0.110 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.069 0.506 0.209 0.109 0.127 0.021 0.343 0.022 0.057 0.121 0.039 0.022 0.344 0.000 0.000 0.080 0.022 0.496 0.000 0.062 0.404 0.065 0.022 0.498 0.156 0.125 0.004 0.000 0.393 0.352 0.024 0.034 0.304 0.022 0.132 0.000 0.000 0.139 0.000 0.001 0.130 0.097 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.269 0.379 0.174 0.297 0.543 0.480 0.186 0.018 0.477 0.121 0.211 0.018 0.305 0.000 0.000 0.283 0.018 0.312 0.001 0.069 0.311 0.277 0.018 0.349 0.571 0.631 0.008 0.354 0.045 0.253 0.202 0.039 0.116 0.018 0.033 0.191 0.000 0.362 0.049 0.193 0.038 0.156 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.104 0.016 0.012 0.000 0.018 0.333 0.066 0.075 0.510 0.217 0.262 0.076 0.003 0.334 0.237 0.335 0.003 0.026 0.000 0.191 0.487 0.003 0.153 0.003 0.287 0.175 0.577 0.003 0.127 0.235 0.139 0.068 0.646 0.006 0.166 0.555 0.360 0.068 0.003 0.000 0.272 0.155 0.460 0.662 0.530 0.008 0.661 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.210 0.084 0.069 0.178 0.003 0.262 0.041 0.035 0.057 0.098 0.184 0.011 0.000 0.132 0.236 0.244 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.809 0.129 0.000 0.022 0.131 0.319 0.017 0.077 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.093 0.214 0.000 0.001 0.018 0.211 0.311 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.537 0.574 0.020 0.274 0.252 0.000 0.076 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.657 0.874 0.889 0.822 0.000 0.047 0.002 0.009 0.026 0.015 0.048 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.279 0.168 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.865 0.247 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.706 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.256 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.270 0.000 0.015 0.022 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.025 0.030 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 1.011 1.016 0.965 0.849 1.436 1.004 0.731 0.797 1.436 0.860 1.640 1.399 0.974 1.436 1.015 1.469 0.813 0.899 1.091 1.436 1.043 1.072 1.122 1.251 1.243 1.151 0.814 1.054 0.894 0.884 1.436 1.076 1.062 1.101 1.009 1.213 1.037 1.344 1.165 1.436 1.436 1.436 1.178 1.475 1.497 1.416 1.436 0.824 1.071 0.953 637 Mayamaea excelsa (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot Mayamaea fossalis (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot Mayamaea agrestis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Mayamaea atomus var. permitis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Mayamaea atomus var. permitis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Mayamaea asellus (Weinhold) Lange-Bertalot Meridion circulare (Greville) Agardh var. constrictum (Ralfs) Van Heurck Meridion circulare (Greville) C.A. Agardh var. circulare Meridion circulare (Greville) Agardh fo. teratogene Mayamaea lacunolaciniata (Lange-Bertalot & Bonik) Lange-Bertalot Melosira nummuloides (Dillwyn) C.A. Agardh Mayamaea recondita (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Melosira varians Agardh Nitzschia acicularis (Kutzing) W.M. Smith abnormal form Navicula amphiceropsis Lange-Bertalot & Rumrich Navicula angusta Grunow Nitzschia acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia acicularis (Kutzing) W.M. Smith Nitzschia acula Hantzsch Nitzschia angustatula Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Nitzschia angustiforaminata Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia agnita Hustedt Nitzschia agnewii Cholnoky Neidium alpinum Hustedt Navicula amabilis Hustedt Nitzschia amplectens Hustedt Nitzschia amphibia Grunow f. amphibia Navicula antonii Lange-Bertalot Navicula aquaedurae Lange-Bertalot Navicula arvensis Hustedt Nitzschia amphibia Grunow f. teratogene Nitzschia aurariae Cholnoky Neidium binodis (Ehrenberg) Hustedt Neidium bisulcatum (Lagerstedt) Cleve Nitzschia bremensis Hustedt Neidium binodeforme Krammer Nitzschia brunoi Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia brevissima Grunow Nitzschia bergii Cleve-Euler Nitzschia brevissima Grunow fo. teratogene Nitzschia bulnheimiana (Rabenhorst) H.L. Smith fo. teratogene Navicula catalanogermanica Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann fo. teratogene Navicula cari Ehrenberg Navicula catalanogermanica Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann Navicula concentrica Carter Navicula cryptofallax Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann Navicula cryptotenelloides Lange-Bertalot forme teratogene Navicula cincta (Ehr.) Ralfs in Pritchard Nitzschia clausii Hantzsch Nitzschia communis Rabenhorst ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 MAEX MAFO MAGR MAPE MAPT MASE MCCO MCIR MCTG MLLC MNUM MRCD MVAR NAAF NAAM NAAN NACD NACI NACU NAGA NAGF NAGN NAGW NALP NAMB NAMC NAMP NANT NAQR NARV NATG NAUR NBID NBIS NBMS NBNF NBNO NBRE NBRG NBTE NBUT NCAG NCAR NCAT NCCT NCFA NCGN NCIN NCLA NCOM Navicula capitatoradiata Germain fo. teratogene Nitzschia capitellata Hustedt in A. Schmidt & al. Navicula capitatoradiata Germain Nitzschia compressa (J.W. Bailey) Boyer Navicula cryptocephala Kutzing Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Navicula cryptotenelloides Lange-Bertalot Navicula cataracta-rheni Lange-Bertalot Navicula caterva Hohn & Hellerman Naviculadicta absoluta (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Naviculadicta cosmopolitana Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia desertorum Hustedt Navicula difficillima Hustedt Navicula digitoradiata (Gregory) Ralfs Nitzschia dissipata (Kutzing) Grunow var. dissipata Nitzschia dissipata (Kutzing) Grunow var. media (Hantzsch.) Grunow Nitzschia disputata Carter Naviculadicta pseudoventralis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia draveillensis Coste & Ricard Neidium densestriatum (Ostrup) Krammer Nitzschia dissipata (Kutzing) Grunow fo. teratogene Nitzschia dubia W.M. Smith Naviculadicta vitabunda (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Neidium affine (Ehrenberg) Pfitzer Neidium ampliatum (Ehrenberg) Krammer Navicula eidrigiana Carter Neidium dubium (Ehrenberg) Cleve Nitzschia elegantula Grunow Neidium productum (W.M. Smith) Cleve Navicula erifuga Lange-Bertalot Navicula exilis Kutzing Nitzschia fasciculata (Grunow) Grunow in V. Heurck Nitzschia filiformis var. conferta (Richter) Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia filiformis (W.M. Smith) Van Heurck var. filiformis Nitzschia filiformis (W.M. Smith) Van Heurck abnormal form Nitzschia fonticola Grunow in Cleve et Möller Nitzschia fonticola Grunow in Cleve et Möller fo. teratogene Nitzschia fonticola Grunow var. pelagica Hustedt Nitzschia frustulum (Kutzing) Grunow fo. teratogene Navigiolum canoris (Hohn & Hellerman) Lange-Bertalot Navicula germainii Wallace Nitzschia gessneri Hustedt Navicula gregaria Donkin Navicula graciloides Mayer Navicula gregaria Donkin fo. anormale Nitzschia hantzschiana Rabenhorst 0.846 0.582 0.000 0.032 0.006 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.291 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.846 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.000 0.008 0.001 0.125 0.000 0.007 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.846 0.000 C2 0.110 0.215 0.007 0.055 0.052 0.003 0.110 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.075 0.088 0.549 0.001 0.863 0.001 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.110 0.264 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.199 0.005 0.012 0.000 0.015 0.007 0.245 0.001 0.041 0.110 0.011 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.050 0.006 0.018 0.031 0.000 0.110 0.007 C3 0.022 0.100 0.066 0.666 0.108 0.024 0.022 0.024 0.000 0.049 0.079 0.241 0.145 0.009 0.033 0.018 0.007 0.000 0.160 0.083 0.000 0.022 0.344 0.091 0.099 0.125 0.459 0.042 0.427 0.019 0.429 0.047 0.630 0.528 0.440 0.022 0.081 0.022 0.519 0.022 0.131 0.199 0.025 0.131 0.059 0.022 0.013 C4 0.018 0.063 0.350 0.216 0.311 0.148 0.018 0.158 0.224 0.614 0.211 0.253 0.007 0.391 0.104 0.134 0.384 0.000 0.704 0.570 0.000 0.018 0.330 0.143 0.142 0.175 0.342 0.363 0.460 0.204 0.342 0.138 0.000 0.440 0.419 0.018 0.315 0.018 0.467 0.018 0.463 0.504 0.335 0.411 0.063 0.018 0.120 C5 0.003 0.036 0.478 0.031 0.378 0.474 0.003 0.462 0.743 0.289 0.441 0.208 0.007 0.291 0.000 0.476 0.458 0.012 0.118 0.273 0.003 0.003 0.048 0.753 0.371 0.345 0.000 0.556 0.055 0.534 0.191 0.303 0.000 0.031 0.090 0.003 0.344 0.003 0.014 0.003 0.238 0.266 0.371 0.297 0.853 0.003 0.331 C6 0.000 0.003 0.095 0.000 0.126 0.336 0.000 0.349 0.033 0.045 0.087 0.185 0.001 0.176 0.000 0.346 0.108 0.687 0.008 0.055 0.005 0.000 0.008 0.013 0.204 0.229 0.000 0.027 0.017 0.190 0.014 0.399 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.201 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.117 0.024 0.214 0.121 0.025 0.000 0.328 C7 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.019 0.016 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.108 0.025 0.000 0.133 0.000 0.024 0.032 0.301 0.010 0.008 0.992 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.184 0.124 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.052 0.000 0.104 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.047 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.037 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.202 Vx 1.436 1.065 1.012 1.188 0.846 1.004 1.436 1.006 1.310 1.150 0.846 0.700 1.074 0.878 1.461 1.012 1.019 1.267 1.235 1.077 1.654 1.436 0.902 1.302 0.789 0.765 1.015 1.123 1.060 1.014 0.970 0.873 1.160 1.160 1.034 1.436 0.840 1.436 1.179 1.436 0.912 1.012 0.901 0.885 1.442 1.436 0.851 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 NCPG NCPL NCPR NCPS NCRY NCTE NCTG NCTO NCTT NCTV NDAB NDCM NDES NDIF NDIG NDIS NDME NDPU NDPV NDRA NDSS NDTG NDUB NDVI NEAF NEAM NEDG NEDU NELE NEPR NERI NEXI NFAS NFIC NFIL NFIT NFON NFOT NFPE NFTE NGCA NGER NGES NGRE NGRO NGTG NHAN C1 638 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.001 0.007 0.189 0.003 0.015 0.025 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.018 0.023 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.033 0.000 0.846 0.024 0.000 0.846 0.008 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.001 0.114 0.846 0.000 0.002 0.846 0.000 0.017 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.012 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.001 0.016 0.368 0.358 0.004 0.052 0.131 0.072 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.000 0.164 0.005 0.077 0.001 0.335 0.024 0.145 0.051 0.008 0.110 0.035 0.504 0.110 0.071 0.000 0.110 0.096 0.015 0.247 0.110 0.319 0.051 0.110 0.669 0.319 0.000 0.007 0.003 0.265 0.000 0.110 0.022 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.015 0.141 0.229 0.307 0.069 0.275 0.463 0.364 0.015 0.000 0.177 0.111 0.289 0.074 0.102 0.001 0.230 0.307 0.710 0.108 0.175 0.022 0.778 0.265 0.022 0.113 0.013 0.022 0.542 0.094 0.239 0.022 0.491 0.114 0.022 0.224 0.558 0.007 0.061 0.006 0.613 0.000 0.022 0.034 0.000 0.148 0.000 0.004 0.211 0.018 0.211 0.220 0.167 0.105 0.296 0.418 0.202 0.309 0.095 0.981 0.609 0.543 0.319 0.605 0.396 0.006 0.225 0.301 0.136 0.468 0.365 0.018 0.157 0.232 0.018 0.145 0.110 0.018 0.295 0.280 0.228 0.018 0.098 0.349 0.018 0.040 0.103 0.002 0.387 0.054 0.080 0.092 0.018 0.472 0.222 0.684 0.014 0.021 0.422 0.003 0.624 0.337 0.148 0.032 0.395 0.183 0.165 0.179 0.273 0.019 0.182 0.327 0.184 0.293 0.215 0.008 0.155 0.254 0.009 0.330 0.290 0.003 0.006 0.000 0.003 0.332 0.795 0.003 0.068 0.457 0.165 0.003 0.056 0.405 0.003 0.044 0.004 0.029 0.434 0.118 0.031 0.619 0.003 0.302 0.778 0.145 0.971 0.429 0.334 0.000 0.141 0.153 0.081 0.010 0.234 0.057 0.013 0.042 0.403 0.000 0.016 0.001 0.020 0.022 0.118 0.221 0.033 0.114 0.000 0.010 0.163 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.269 0.082 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.008 0.000 0.024 0.077 0.000 0.023 0.000 0.226 0.093 0.477 0.000 0.272 0.000 0.120 0.000 0.001 0.014 0.546 0.033 0.000 0.007 0.132 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.213 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.073 0.764 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.063 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.737 0.010 0.342 0.000 0.017 0.000 0.049 0.000 1.207 1.622 1.172 0.965 1.436 1.136 0.740 0.791 0.846 0.909 0.885 0.904 0.842 0.889 1.637 1.113 1.083 0.798 1.141 0.780 1.341 0.786 0.832 1.245 0.978 0.855 1.436 1.339 1.031 1.436 0.746 1.359 1.436 1.055 0.938 0.707 1.436 0.999 0.918 1.436 1.196 1.096 1.301 0.989 1.007 1.135 1.152 1.436 0.961 1.363 639 Nitzschia heufleriana Grunow Navicula hintzii Lange-Bertalot Navicula heimansii Van Dam et Kooyman Nitzschia homburgiensis Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia heufleriana Grunow fo. teratogene Nitzschia angustata Grunow Nitzschia archibaldii Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia bulnheimiana (Rabenhorst) H.L. Smith Nitzschia frustulum (Kutzing) Grunow var. frustulum Nitzschia fossilis Grunow Nitzschia fruticosa Hustedt Nitzschia graciliformis Lange-Bertalot & Simonsen Nitzschia gracilis Hantzsch Nitzschia lacuum Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia monachorum Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow Navicula ingenua Hustedt Nitzschia intermedia Hantzsch ex Cleve & Grunow Nitzschia paleaeformis Hustedt Nitzschia perminuta (Grunow) M. Peragallo Nitzschia pura Hustedt Nitzschia pusilla (Kutzing) Grunow Nitzschia rostellata Hustedt Nitzschia scalpelliformis (Grunow) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow Nitzschia solita Hustedt Navicula integra (W. Smith) Ralfs Nitzschia intermedia Hantzsch ex Cleve & Grunow abnormal form Nitzschia valdestriata Aleem & Hustedt Nitzschia vitrea Norman var. vitrea Nitzschia species abnormal form Navicula joubaudii Germain Navicula kotschyi Grunow Nitzschia kurzii Rabenhorst abnormal form Nitzschia kurzii Rabenhorst Navicula lanceolata (Agardh) Ehrenberg Nitzschia liebetruthii Rabenhorst var. liebetruthii Nitzschia linearis (Agardh) W.M. Smith var. linearis abnormal form Navicula libonensis Schoeman Nitzschia linearis (Agardh) W.M. Smith var. linearis Navicula lanceolata (Agardh) Ehrenberg fo. teratogene Nitzschia lorenziana Grunow in Cleve et Möller Nitzschia levidensis (W. Smith) Grunow var. salinarum Grunow in Van Heurck Navicula leptostriata Jorgensen Nitzschia linearis (Agardh) W.M. Smith var. subtilis (Grunow) Hustedt Navicula lundii Reichardt Nitzschia levidensis (W. Smith) Grunow var. victoriae (Grunow) Cholnoky Navicula madeirensis Lange-Bertalot Navicula microdigitoradiata Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Navicula microcari Lange-Bertalot Navicula microdigitoradiata Lange-Bertalot ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 NHEU NHIN NHMS NHOM NHTG NIAN NIAR NIBU NIFR NIFS NIFT NIGF NIGR NILA NIMO NINC NING NINT NIPF NIPM NIPR NIPU NIRO NISC NISO NITG NITT NIVA NIVI NIZT NJOU NKOT NKUA NKUZ NLAN NLBT NLIA NLIB NLIN NLNT NLOR NLSA NLST NLSU NLUN NLVI NMAD NMAF NMCA NMDG Navicula menisculus Schumann var. menisculus Navicula menisculus Schumann f. teratogene Navicula margalithii Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia microcephala Grunow in Cleve & Moller Navicula meniscus Schumann Navicula modica Hustedt Navicula moskalii Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot Navicula minima Grunow fo. teratogene Nitzschia nana Grunow in Van Heurck Naviculadicta nanogomphonema Lange-Bertalot & Rumrich Navicula notha Wallace Navicula novaesiberica Lange-Bertalot Navicula oblonga Kutzing Navicula oligotraphenta Lange-Bertalot & Hofmann Navicula oppugnata Hustedt Nitzschia scalpelliformis (Grunow) Grunow abnormal form Nitzschia paleacea Grunow fo. acicularioides Coste & Ricard Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith var. debilis (Kutzing) Grunow in Cl. & Gr Nitzschia paleacea (Grunow) Grunow in van Heurck Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith var. tenuirostris Grunow in V. Heurck Navicula phyllepta Kutzing Nitzschia pumila Hustedt Navicula perminuta Grunow in Van Heurck Navicula praeterita Hustedt Navicula peregrina (Ehr.) Kutzing Nitzschia pseudofonticola Hustedt Navicula pseudolanceolata Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia paleacea (Grunow) Grunow f. teratogene Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith fo. teratogene Navicula radiosa Kützing Navicula reichardtiana Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Navicula reichardtiana Lange-Bertalot var. reichardtiana Navicula recens (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia recta Hantzsch in Rabenhorst Navicula reinhardtii (Grunow) Grunow in Cl. & Möller Navicula radiosafallax Lange-Bertalot Navicula rhynchotella Lange-Bertalot Navicula rhynchocephala Kutzing Nitzschia rosenstockii Lange-Bertalot Navicula rotunda Hustedt 1945 Navicula recens (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot f. teratogene Navicula salinarum Grunow in Cleve et Grunow var. salinarum Navicula salinarum var. rostrata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia subcapitellata Hustedt Nitzschia sublinearis Hustedt Navicula subrotundata Hustedt 0.002 0.846 0.000 0.209 0.000 0.960 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.040 0.080 0.239 0.240 0.029 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.011 0.846 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.012 0.185 0.000 0.000 0.018 C2 0.014 0.110 0.332 0.469 0.000 0.024 0.000 0.110 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.126 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.073 0.244 0.215 0.313 0.079 0.010 0.613 0.000 0.397 0.039 0.004 0.110 0.110 0.002 0.110 0.003 0.045 0.004 0.027 0.000 0.005 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.199 0.484 0.044 0.008 0.627 C3 0.082 0.022 0.641 0.151 0.044 0.005 0.082 0.022 0.039 0.002 0.000 0.176 0.000 0.181 0.009 0.022 0.780 0.235 0.351 0.195 0.213 0.712 0.149 0.141 0.000 0.521 0.203 0.005 0.022 0.022 0.024 0.022 0.033 0.432 0.032 0.010 0.012 0.804 0.023 0.951 0.020 0.022 0.585 0.188 0.340 0.003 0.239 C4 0.292 0.018 0.026 0.113 0.648 0.005 0.646 0.018 0.106 0.160 0.019 0.407 0.153 0.425 0.081 0.018 0.138 0.254 0.245 0.191 0.201 0.112 0.446 0.143 0.141 0.058 0.677 0.095 0.018 0.018 0.206 0.018 0.126 0.372 0.229 0.195 0.113 0.160 0.140 0.029 0.043 0.018 0.142 0.071 0.375 0.023 0.062 C5 0.481 0.003 0.000 0.054 0.231 0.001 0.272 0.003 0.493 0.757 0.043 0.368 0.450 0.202 0.144 0.003 0.082 0.256 0.057 0.134 0.018 0.064 0.354 0.041 0.659 0.023 0.057 0.492 0.003 0.003 0.390 0.003 0.428 0.134 0.560 0.637 0.536 0.026 0.409 0.005 0.662 0.003 0.061 0.035 0.212 0.116 0.032 C6 0.128 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.077 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.242 0.081 0.303 0.046 0.323 0.044 0.590 0.000 0.000 0.114 0.018 0.024 0.010 0.003 0.041 0.024 0.157 0.000 0.023 0.344 0.000 0.000 0.324 0.000 0.372 0.015 0.165 0.072 0.328 0.005 0.364 0.016 0.275 0.000 0.002 0.037 0.028 0.187 0.018 C7 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.109 0.000 0.635 0.001 0.075 0.002 0.175 0.000 0.000 0.028 0.004 0.001 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.008 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.008 0.059 0.011 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.663 0.004 Vx 0.973 1.436 1.220 0.908 1.170 1.605 1.192 1.436 0.949 1.312 1.191 0.963 0.965 0.852 1.073 1.436 1.343 0.695 0.811 0.667 0.786 1.230 0.985 1.091 1.170 1.109 1.200 1.024 1.436 1.436 0.907 1.436 0.973 0.980 1.056 1.135 1.075 1.382 0.947 1.590 1.213 1.436 1.071 0.924 0.911 1.180 1.139 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 NMEN NMET NMGL NMIC NMNS NMOD NMOK NMTE NNAN NNGO NNOT NNOV NOBL NOLI NOPU NOSG NPAC NPAD NPAE NPAL NPAT NPHY NPML NPNU NPRA NPRG NPSF NPSL NPTG NPTR NRAD NRCF NRCH NRCS NREC NREI NRFA NRHT NRHY NRST NRTD NRTG NSAL NSAR NSBC NSBL NSBR C1 640 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.010 0.012 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.290 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.076 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.466 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.231 0.287 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.110 0.175 0.665 0.010 0.004 0.000 0.577 0.087 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.265 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.056 0.000 0.455 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.302 0.110 0.005 0.110 0.002 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.503 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.415 0.375 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.014 0.022 0.027 0.000 0.970 0.022 0.475 0.183 0.057 0.052 0.004 0.419 0.254 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.051 0.022 0.000 0.513 0.021 0.414 0.009 0.485 0.023 0.113 0.029 0.134 0.017 0.015 0.068 0.243 0.022 0.229 0.022 0.002 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.083 0.000 0.160 0.187 0.030 0.170 0.073 0.224 0.018 0.849 0.678 0.000 0.018 0.313 0.126 0.553 0.176 0.060 0.004 0.366 0.000 0.857 0.144 0.464 0.018 0.000 0.431 0.011 0.257 0.245 0.267 0.105 0.389 0.316 0.095 0.118 0.113 0.395 0.195 0.018 0.382 0.018 0.026 0.018 0.152 0.014 0.140 0.000 0.018 0.066 0.636 0.032 0.126 0.090 0.198 0.545 0.308 0.510 0.003 0.089 0.190 0.012 0.003 0.026 0.010 0.327 0.663 0.329 0.000 0.238 0.150 0.133 0.657 0.400 0.003 0.007 0.019 0.375 0.046 0.725 0.222 0.295 0.351 0.357 0.008 0.497 0.162 0.350 0.164 0.003 0.272 0.003 0.078 0.003 0.282 0.000 0.831 0.030 0.003 0.766 0.176 0.233 0.060 0.054 0.684 0.193 0.570 0.234 0.000 0.035 0.132 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.053 0.103 0.601 0.000 0.025 0.261 0.010 0.179 0.081 0.000 0.242 0.000 0.594 0.015 0.021 0.013 0.526 0.064 0.282 0.019 0.358 0.377 0.185 0.019 0.000 0.107 0.000 0.368 0.000 0.501 0.031 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.049 0.091 0.735 0.007 0.006 0.083 0.087 0.044 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.588 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.751 0.037 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.051 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.008 0.332 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.523 0.000 0.064 0.956 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.120 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.001 1.436 1.437 1.210 1.620 1.436 0.997 1.184 1.089 1.174 1.160 1.204 0.836 1.114 1.458 1.175 1.041 1.436 1.330 1.132 1.186 0.922 1.292 0.998 1.032 0.896 0.919 0.937 1.049 0.889 0.936 0.736 1.436 0.873 1.436 1.086 1.436 1.002 1.598 1.419 1.159 1.436 1.315 1.132 1.303 0.849 0.845 1.212 1.021 1.101 1.012 641 Navicula (dicta) seminulum (Grunow) Lange Bertalot fo. anormale (abnormal Navicula seibigiana Lange-Bertalot Navicula seminulum Grunow var. intermedia Hustedt Navicula seminuloides Hustedt in A. Schmidt Navicula schroeteri Meister var. schroeteri abnormal form Navicula schroeteri Meister var. schroeteri Nitzschia sigma (Kutzing) W.M. Smith Nitzschia sinuata (Thwaites) Grunow var. sinuata Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W. Smith Nitzschia sinuata (Thwaites) Grunow var. tabellaria Grunow Navicula salinicola Hustedt Navicula slesvicensis Grunow Navicula (dicta) schmassmannii Hustedt Navicula submuralis Hustedt Nitzschia sociabilis Hustedt Nitzschia solgensis Cleve-Euler Nitzschia sociabilis Hustedt abnormal form Navicula splendicula Van Landingham Navicula subrhynchocephala Hustedt Navicula striolata (Grun.) Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia subacicularis Hustedt in A. Schmidt et al. Navicula suprinii Moser. Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Navicula symmetrica Patrick Navicula trophicatrix Lange-Bertalot Navicula tenelloides Hustedt Nitzschia terrestris (Petersen) Hustedt Nitzschia thermaloides Hustedt Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Müller) Bory Navicula tridentula Krasske Nitzschia tropica Hustedt Navicula trivialis Lange-Bertalot var. trivialis Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Müller) Bory forme teratogene Nitzschia tubicola Grunow Navicula trivialis Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Nupela lapidosa (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot var. lapidosa Nitzschia umbonata (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot Nupela praecipua (Reichardt) Reichardt Nupela rumrichorum Lange-Bertalot Navicula upsaliensis (Grunow) Peragallo Navicula utermoehlii Hustedt 1943 Nitzschia umbonata (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Navicula viridulacalcis var. viridulacalcis Lange-Bertalot Navicula vandamii Schoeman & Archibald var. vandamii Naviculadicta laterostrata Hustedt Navicula (dicta) seminulum (Grunow) Lange Bertalot Navicula veneta Kutzing Nitzschia vermicularis (Kutzing) Hantzsch Navicula vilaplanii (Lange-Bert. & Sabater) Lange-Bertalot & Sabater Navicula viridula (Kutzing) Ehrenberg Navicula viridula (Kutz.) Ehr. var. rostellata (Kutz.) Cleve ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 NSDF NSEB NSEI NSEO NSHG NSHR NSIG NSIN NSIO NSIT NSLC NSLE NSMM NSMU NSOC NSOL NSOT NSPD NSRH NSTL NSUA NSUP NSYM NTCX NTEN NTER NTHE NTPT NTRI NTRO NTRV NTTT NTUB NTVT NULA NUMB NUPR NURU NUSA NUTE NUTG NVCC NVDA NVDL NVDS NVEN NVER NVIP NVIR NVRO Navicula viridula var. rostellata (Kutz.) Cleve abnormal form Navicula veneta Kutzing fo. teratogene Navicula viridula (Kutz.) Ehrenb. v. viridula f. linearis (Hustedt) Kobayas Navicula wiesneri Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia wuellerstorfii Lange-Bertalot Navicula associata Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia angustatula Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia clausii Hantzsch abnormal form Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow fo. teratogene Nitzschia linearis (Agardh) W.M. Smith var. tenuis (W. Smith) Grunow Nitzschia pusilla (Kutzing) Grunow fo teratogene Nitzschia recta Hantzsch in Rabenhorst abnormal form Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W. Smith fo. teratogene Nitzschia supralitorea Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia archibaldii Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Opephora mutabilis (Grunow) Sabbe & Vyverman Pinnularia acrospheria W. Smith var. acrospheria Pinnularia acrospheria W. Smith var. acrospheria abnormal form Pinnularia appendiculata (Agardh) Cleve var. appendiculata Pinnularia biceps Gregory var. biceps Psammothidium bioretii (Germain) Bukhtiyarova et Round Pinnularia borealis Ehrenberg var. borealis Pinnularia brebissonii (Kutz.) Rabenhorst var. brebissonii Pinnularia brauniana (Grunow) Mills Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grun. in Van Heurck) Williams & Round abn Psammothidium chlidanos (Hohn & Hellerman) Lange-Bertalot Placoneis clementioides (Hustedt) Cox Placoneis clementis (Grun.) Cox Placoneis constans (Hustedt) Cox Psammothidium daonense (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot Planothidium daui (Foged) Lange-Bertalot Pinnularia divergens W.M. Smith var. divergens Placoneis elginensis (Greg) Cox Peronia fibula (Breb. ex Kutz.) Ross Peronia fibula (Breb. ex Kutz.) Ross fo. teratogene Placoneis gastrum (Ehr.) Mereschkowsky Pinnularia gibba Ehrenberg Pinnularia globiceps Gregory var. globiceps Psammothidium grischunum (Wuthrich) Bukhtiyarova et Round Planothidium granum (Hohn & Hellerman) Lange-Bertalot Psammothidium helveticum (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova et Round Pinnularia species abnormal form Psammothidium kryophilum (Petersen) Reichardt Psammothidium lauenburgianum (Hustedt) Bukht. et Round Planothidium biporomum (Hohn & Hellerman) Lange-Bertalot Planothidium lemmermannii (Hustedt) Morales Planothidium engelbrechtii (Choln.) Round & Bukhtiyarova 0.846 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.846 0.846 0.005 0.846 0.846 0.846 0.160 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.057 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 C2 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.110 0.110 0.038 0.110 0.110 0.110 0.421 0.110 0.030 0.061 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.065 0.195 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.008 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.015 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.110 0.000 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 C3 0.022 0.022 0.031 0.120 0.016 0.023 0.013 0.022 0.022 0.044 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.262 0.022 0.917 0.073 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.087 0.199 0.026 0.022 0.009 0.127 0.012 0.043 0.001 0.013 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.022 0.117 0.078 0.281 0.019 0.016 0.014 0.022 0.000 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.007 C4 0.018 0.018 0.352 0.149 0.510 0.160 0.216 0.018 0.018 0.331 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.127 0.018 0.016 0.101 0.018 0.009 0.180 0.032 0.192 0.182 0.041 0.018 0.016 0.713 0.189 0.260 0.007 0.129 0.026 0.333 0.000 0.018 0.306 0.175 0.681 0.035 0.125 0.064 0.018 0.000 0.129 0.457 0.339 0.853 C5 0.003 0.003 0.583 0.332 0.464 0.653 0.619 0.003 0.003 0.503 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.021 0.003 0.026 0.522 0.003 0.018 0.580 0.097 0.225 0.135 0.019 0.003 0.166 0.017 0.362 0.553 0.061 0.272 0.256 0.439 0.002 0.003 0.546 0.338 0.018 0.461 0.330 0.176 0.003 0.927 0.459 0.374 0.611 0.126 C6 0.000 0.000 0.034 0.234 0.009 0.133 0.147 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.010 0.225 0.000 0.344 0.240 0.531 0.270 0.126 0.856 0.000 0.416 0.070 0.427 0.137 0.177 0.460 0.648 0.192 0.026 0.000 0.030 0.354 0.000 0.485 0.431 0.299 0.000 0.073 0.386 0.169 0.051 0.013 C7 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.165 0.000 0.031 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.019 0.000 0.617 0.000 0.333 0.144 0.106 0.057 0.000 0.393 0.074 0.009 0.000 0.753 0.125 0.070 0.002 0.972 0.000 0.000 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.098 0.446 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 Vx 1.436 1.436 1.152 0.755 1.164 1.159 1.133 1.436 1.436 1.023 1.436 1.436 1.436 0.881 1.436 1.538 0.977 1.436 1.194 1.100 1.068 0.657 0.518 1.446 1.436 0.997 1.235 0.987 1.054 1.309 0.935 1.182 0.973 1.624 1.436 1.073 0.862 1.244 1.131 0.939 0.945 1.436 1.556 1.030 1.030 1.182 1.450 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 NVRT NVTG NVVL NWIE NWUE NXAS NZAG NZCT NZIT NZLT NZPU NZRT NZSG NZSU NZTG OMUT PACR PACT PAPP PBIC PBIO PBOR PBRE PBRN PBTG PCHL PCLD PCLT PCTA PDAO PDAU PDIV PELG PFIB PFIT PGAS PGIB PGLO PGRI PGRN PHEL PITG PKRY PLAU PLBI PLEM PLEN C1 642 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.000 0.007 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.051 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.000 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.846 0.001 0.846 0.022 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.058 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.034 0.002 0.004 0.700 0.042 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.434 0.000 0.110 0.078 0.000 0.002 0.070 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.110 0.013 0.110 0.055 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.000 0.126 0.001 0.004 0.009 0.000 0.008 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.493 0.008 0.120 0.000 0.119 0.013 0.034 0.166 0.187 0.022 0.000 0.018 0.010 0.000 0.260 0.000 0.022 0.405 0.000 0.002 0.174 0.000 0.036 0.011 0.334 0.016 0.010 0.044 0.022 0.789 0.022 0.116 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.038 0.067 0.674 0.002 0.027 0.026 0.009 0.001 0.161 0.027 0.000 0.089 0.000 0.494 0.036 0.332 0.002 0.308 0.112 0.111 0.133 0.344 0.018 0.009 0.219 0.104 0.076 0.096 0.001 0.018 0.327 0.000 0.024 0.179 0.000 0.345 0.187 0.417 0.120 0.140 0.216 0.018 0.197 0.018 0.467 0.018 0.017 0.004 0.133 0.265 0.136 0.472 0.142 0.061 0.282 0.028 0.000 0.014 0.165 0.273 0.002 0.197 0.009 0.012 0.188 0.385 0.081 0.420 0.688 0.208 0.001 0.309 0.003 0.186 0.521 0.341 0.094 0.078 0.028 0.003 0.191 0.125 0.123 0.330 0.611 0.509 0.729 0.221 0.744 0.607 0.640 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.222 0.003 0.367 0.064 0.556 0.482 0.172 0.427 0.000 0.161 0.481 0.123 0.028 0.013 0.189 0.557 0.000 0.257 0.093 0.000 0.599 0.157 0.351 0.083 0.157 0.383 0.000 0.104 0.000 0.798 0.236 0.545 0.256 0.047 0.130 0.000 0.000 0.875 0.346 0.210 0.389 0.091 0.039 0.026 0.115 0.244 0.095 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.118 0.000 0.334 0.932 0.311 0.223 0.408 0.025 0.000 0.583 0.201 0.449 0.005 0.315 0.212 0.124 0.193 0.297 0.700 0.000 0.166 0.005 0.413 0.036 0.026 0.248 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.006 0.006 0.000 0.564 0.034 0.841 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.504 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.034 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.282 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.240 0.008 0.000 0.191 0.002 0.364 0.958 0.649 0.251 0.019 0.805 0.160 0.198 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.152 0.000 0.000 0.012 1.236 0.830 1.436 1.381 1.027 1.098 1.060 0.861 1.432 1.436 0.927 1.483 1.048 0.736 1.223 1.045 1.274 0.964 1.287 1.128 1.153 1.436 1.370 1.436 0.900 1.436 0.950 1.564 1.096 0.994 0.854 1.077 1.186 1.072 0.993 0.991 1.602 1.218 0.669 1.066 1.394 0.749 1.238 1.179 1.096 0.899 0.946 0.894 1.208 0.837 643 Pleurosira laevis (Ehrenberg) Compere f. laevis Ehrenberg Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot abnormal form Placoneis ignorata (Schimanski) Lange-Bertalot Pinnularia lundii Hustedt var. lundii Pinnularia maior (Kutzing) Rabenhorst Pinnularia mesolepta (Ehrenberg) W.M. Smith var. mesolepta Pinnularia microstauron (Ehr.) Cleve var. microstauron Psammothidium marginulatum (Grun) Bukht. & Round Pinnularia microstauron (Ehr.) Cleve var. microstauron fo. teratogene Psammothidium montanum (Krasske) Mayama Pinnularia nodosa (Ehrenberg) W. Smith var. nodosa Psammothidium oblongellum (Oestrup) Van de Vijver Pinnularia obscura Krasske Planothidium pseudotanense (Cleve-Euler) Lange-Bertalot Placoneis placentula (Ehr.) Heinzerling Placoneis placentula (Ehr.) Kutzing fo. rostrata (Mayer) Bukhtiyarova Parlibellus protracta (Grunow) Witkowski Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Pseudostaurosira parasitica (W. Smith) Morales Placoneis pseudanglica (Lange-Bertalot) Cox Pseudostaurosira parasitica var. subconstricta (Grunow) Morales Pseudostaurosira parasitica (W. Smith) Morales abnormal form Pinnularia parvulissima Krammer Pinnularia parvulissima Krammer abnormal form Puncticulata radiosa (Lemmermann) Håkansson Planothidium robustius (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot fo. anormale Planothidium robustius (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Psammothidium rossii (Hustedt) Bukht. et Round Psammothidium rosenstockii (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot Planothidium rostratum (Oestrup) Lange-Bertalot Pinnularia rupestris Hantzsch in Rabenhorst 1861 Psammothidium sacculum (Carter) Bukhtiyarova et Round Pinnularia saprophila Lange-Bertalot. Kobayasi & Krammer Psammothidium subatomoides (Hustedt) Bukht. et Round Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grun. in Van Heurck) Williams & Round Pinnularia subcapitata Gregory var. subcapitata Psammothidium scoticum (Flower & Jones) Bukht. et Round Pinnularia subcapitata Gregory var. elongata Krammer Pinnularia subgibba Krammer var. subgibba Pinnularia schoenfelderi Krammer Pinnularia silvatica Petersen Pinnularia sinistra Krammer Psammothidium rechtensis (Leclercq) Lange-Bertalot Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve Platessa conspicua (A. Mayer) Lange-Bertalot Planothidium delicatulum (Kutz.) Round & Bukhtiyarova Planothidium dubium (Grun.) Round & Bukhtiyarova Planothidium ellipticum (Cl.) Round & Bukhtiyarova Planothidium hauckianum (Grun.) Round & Bukhtiyarova Planothidium lanceolatum (Brebisson ex Kützing) Lange-Bertalot ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 PLEV PLFR PLFT PLIG PLUN PMAJ PMES PMIC PMRG PMTG PMTN PNOD POBG POBS PPDT PPLC PPLR PPRO PPRS PPSA PPSC PPTT PPVS PPVT PRAD PRBT PRBU PROS PRSK PRST PRUP PSAC PSAP PSAT PSBR PSCA PSCT PSEL PSGI PSHO PSIL PSIN PSRE PSUL PTCO PTDE PTDU PTEL PTHA PTLA Planothidium lanceolatum (Breb. ex Kütz.) Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Planothidium oestrupii (Cleve-Euler) Round & Bukhtiyarova Planothidium peragallii (Brun & Heribaud) Round & Bukhtiyarova Pulchella obsita (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Psammothidium ventralis (Krasske) Bukht et Round Pinnularia viridiformis Krammer var. viridiformis morphotype 1 Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg var. viridis morphotype 1 Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C. Agardh) Lange-Bertalot Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C. Agardh) Lange-Bertalot forme teratogene Raphoneis amphiceros Ehr. Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenberg) O. Muller Rhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) O. Muller var. gibba Rossithidium pusillum (Grun.) Round & Bukhtiyarova Reimeria sinuata (Gregory) Kociolek & Stoermer Reimeria sinuata (Greg.) Kociolek & Stoermer forme teratogene Reimeria uniseriata Sala Guerrero & Ferrario Reimeria uniseriata Sala Guerrero & Ferrario fo. teratogene Stephanodiscus agassizensis Hakansson & Kling Stephanodiscus alpinus Hustedt in Huber-Pestalozzi Surirella angusta Kutzing Surirella angusta Kutzing fo. teratogene Surirella amphioxys W. Smith Surirella bifrons Her. Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kutzing) Krieger Surirella birostrata Hustedt Surirella biseriata Brebisson in Brébisson & Godey Surirella brebissonii var. kuetzingii Krammer et Lange-Bertalot Surirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bertalot var. brebissonii Surirella brightwellii W. Smith var. brightwellii Surirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bertalot fo. teratogene Staurosira construens (Ehr.) var. binodis (Ehr.) Hamilton Staurosira construens Ehrenberg Staurosira construens Ehr. var. pumila (Grunow in Van Heurck) Kingston Surirella crumena Brebisson ex Kutzing Staurosira construens Ehr. f. subsalina (Hust.) Bukhtiyarova Staurosira construens Ehrenberg abnormal form Sellaphora bacillum (Ehrenberg) D.G. Mann Sellaphora laevissima (Kutzing) D.G. Mann Surirella elegans Ehrenberg Staurosira elliptica (Schumann) Williams & Round Stauroforma exiguiformis (Lange-Bertalot) Flower Jones et Round Stauroneis gracilior (Rabenhorst) Reichardt Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow in Cl. & Grun. 1880 Surirella helvetica Brun Stephanodiscus hantzschii fo. tenuis (Hustedt) Hakansson et Stoermer Sellaphora hustedtii (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot & Werum Simonsenia delognei Lange-Bertalot 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.846 0.001 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.846 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.054 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.027 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.000 C2 0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.009 0.110 0.747 0.135 0.107 0.000 0.002 0.110 0.001 0.110 0.000 0.008 0.016 0.110 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.037 0.602 0.110 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.110 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.253 0.000 0.042 0.000 0.006 C3 0.022 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.010 0.021 0.042 0.054 0.022 0.134 0.160 0.160 0.058 0.048 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.069 0.316 0.022 0.065 0.076 0.008 0.093 0.007 0.088 0.163 0.193 0.022 0.043 0.050 0.012 0.023 0.073 0.022 0.051 0.000 0.092 0.595 0.000 0.000 0.385 0.014 0.427 0.187 0.201 C4 0.018 0.103 0.088 0.067 0.039 0.099 0.156 0.252 0.018 0.101 0.190 0.315 0.153 0.200 0.018 0.147 0.018 0.972 0.366 0.388 0.018 0.128 0.101 0.032 0.065 0.227 0.347 0.349 0.081 0.018 0.288 0.260 0.039 0.034 0.516 0.018 0.338 0.162 0.111 0.240 0.033 0.033 0.304 0.142 0.362 0.286 0.700 C5 0.003 0.096 0.354 0.933 0.072 0.438 0.550 0.484 0.003 0.015 0.299 0.380 0.214 0.290 0.003 0.426 0.003 0.007 0.551 0.212 0.003 0.751 0.669 0.884 0.714 0.741 0.397 0.366 0.057 0.003 0.386 0.493 0.949 0.705 0.236 0.003 0.455 0.277 0.233 0.126 0.195 0.094 0.025 0.696 0.128 0.280 0.092 C6 0.000 0.801 0.418 0.000 0.654 0.359 0.195 0.199 0.000 0.001 0.079 0.027 0.407 0.322 0.000 0.365 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.059 0.000 0.057 0.132 0.076 0.098 0.016 0.162 0.078 0.000 0.000 0.279 0.188 0.000 0.229 0.171 0.000 0.145 0.488 0.565 0.009 0.433 0.363 0.006 0.145 0.022 0.136 0.001 C7 0.000 0.000 0.131 0.000 0.225 0.083 0.045 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.049 0.011 0.167 0.137 0.000 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.010 0.001 0.001 0.014 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.000 0.006 0.074 0.000 0.001 0.339 0.509 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.112 0.002 Vx 1.436 1.370 0.948 1.566 1.176 0.969 1.018 0.973 1.436 1.292 0.631 0.869 0.839 0.802 1.436 0.970 1.436 1.624 1.121 0.903 1.436 1.293 1.170 1.490 1.233 1.308 0.925 0.886 1.080 1.436 0.925 0.987 1.588 1.253 0.998 1.436 0.981 0.983 1.055 1.103 0.975 1.065 0.915 1.225 0.960 0.748 1.238 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 PTLT PTOE PTPE PUOB PVEN PVIF PVIR RABB RABT RAMP RGBL RGIB RPUS RSIN RSIT RUNI RUNT SAGA SALP SANG SANT SAPH SBIF SBIN SBIR SBIS SBKU SBRE SBRI SBRT SCBI SCON SCPM SCRU SCSS SCTG SEBA SELA SELE SELI SEXG SGRL SHAN SHEL SHTE SHUS SIDE C1 644 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination 0.020 0.440 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.031 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.001 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.023 0.846 0.171 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.846 0.846 0.001 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.377 0.000 0.185 0.001 0.043 0.000 0.057 0.102 0.228 0.000 0.099 0.420 0.050 0.005 0.345 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.125 0.110 0.182 0.000 0.013 0.005 0.110 0.110 0.000 0.004 0.020 0.000 0.090 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.042 0.003 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.110 0.000 0.034 0.000 0.034 0.334 0.180 0.000 0.296 0.023 0.082 0.003 0.083 0.199 0.267 0.076 0.343 0.265 0.431 0.024 0.623 0.013 0.022 0.004 0.234 0.022 0.319 0.000 0.098 0.036 0.022 0.022 0.017 0.019 0.003 0.000 0.449 0.047 0.431 0.021 0.000 0.001 0.221 0.137 0.021 0.057 0.000 0.000 0.187 0.194 0.022 0.166 0.231 0.099 0.072 0.516 0.001 0.023 0.431 0.113 0.125 0.080 0.769 0.320 0.328 0.082 0.501 0.211 0.255 0.177 0.032 0.039 0.018 0.163 0.339 0.018 0.179 0.000 0.809 0.151 0.018 0.018 0.076 0.132 0.441 0.000 0.428 0.252 0.555 0.095 0.000 0.001 0.456 0.421 0.125 0.133 0.000 0.007 0.511 0.611 0.018 0.261 0.369 0.261 0.305 0.114 0.001 0.118 0.077 0.136 0.154 0.858 0.091 0.224 0.144 0.502 0.056 0.071 0.233 0.224 0.000 0.688 0.003 0.761 0.228 0.003 0.079 0.001 0.072 0.479 0.003 0.003 0.372 0.597 0.495 0.008 0.030 0.391 0.006 0.179 0.000 0.004 0.192 0.360 0.263 0.300 0.877 0.043 0.207 0.125 0.003 0.549 0.285 0.543 0.482 0.000 0.000 0.348 0.012 0.290 0.596 0.059 0.000 0.118 0.002 0.339 0.000 0.003 0.029 0.395 0.000 0.220 0.000 0.071 0.050 0.000 0.071 0.013 0.002 0.319 0.000 0.000 0.509 0.238 0.038 0.227 0.000 0.281 0.007 0.284 0.153 0.103 0.094 0.022 0.576 0.473 0.123 0.726 0.041 0.071 0.000 0.024 0.071 0.097 0.107 0.000 0.000 0.510 0.000 0.436 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.164 0.000 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.985 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.005 0.004 0.765 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.417 0.847 0.892 0.003 0.000 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.224 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 1.051 1.017 1.058 0.928 0.915 1.068 1.451 1.317 0.728 0.810 1.034 1.037 0.899 0.919 0.837 1.204 1.223 1.436 1.318 0.782 1.436 0.698 1.643 1.378 0.997 1.436 1.436 1.069 1.106 1.119 1.344 1.055 0.901 1.187 0.896 1.447 1.506 0.909 0.953 1.087 0.966 1.487 1.285 0.975 1.106 1.436 1.060 0.861 1.038 0.978 645 Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle Skeletonema subsalsum (Cleve-Euler) Bethge Surirella linearis W.M. Smith var. constricta Grunow Staurosirella dubia (Grunow) Morales & Manoylov Surirella linearis W.M. Smith Staurosirella martyi (Heribaud) Morales & Manoylov Stephanodiscus medius Håkansson Seminavis strigosa (Hustedt) Danieledis & Economou-Amilli Sellaphora mutatoides Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin Stephanodiscus neoastraea Hakansson et Hickel Sellaphora nyassensis (O. Muller) D.G. Mann Stauroneis obtusa Lagerstedt Surirella ovalis Brebisson Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer et Hakansson Stauroneis phoenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg Staurophora salina (Wm. Smith) Mereschkowsky Staurosirella pinnata (Ehr.) Williams & Round Staurosirella pinnata (Ehr.) Williams & Round fo. anormale Staurosirella pinnata (Ehr.) Williams & Round var. lancettula (Schumann) Siv Sellaphora pupula (Kutzing) Mereschkowksy Sellaphora pupula (Kutzing) Mereschkowksy fo. teratogene Staurophora wislouchii (Poretzky & Anisimova) D.G. Mann Surirella roba Leclercq Stephanodiscus rotula (Kutzing) Hendey Staurosira pinnata Ehrenberg Staurosira pinnata Ehrenberg fo. anormale Sellaphora seminulum (Grunow) D.G. Mann fo. teratogene Staurosira leptostauron Ehrenberg? Stauroneis smithii Grunow Surirella splendida (Ehr.) Kutz. Sellaphora stroemii (Hustedt) Mann Surirella suecica Grunow Staurosira venter (Ehr.) Cleve & Moeller Stauroneis tackei (Hustedt) Krammer. Lange-Bertalot. Kusber & Metzeltin Stauroneis anceps Ehrenberg Stenopterobia curvula (W. Smith) Krammer Stenopterobia delicatissima (Lewis) Brebisson ex Van Heurck Surirella terricola Lange-Bertalot & Alles Stauroneis thermicola (Petersen) Lund Stauroneis kriegeri Patrick Staurosirella lapponica (Grun. in Van Heurck) Williams & Round Staurosirella berolinensis (Lem.) Bukhtiyarova Stauroneis legumen (Ehrenberg) Kutzing Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kutzing) Cleve & Moller Stauroneis pseudosuboptusoides Germain Synedra tabulata (Agardh) Kutzing abnormal form Surirella turgida W.M. Smith Surirella minuta Brebisson Surirella robusta Ehrenberg Surirella tenera Gregory ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 SKPO SKSS SLCO SLDB SLIN SLMA SMED SMST SMTO SNEO SNYA SOBT SOVI SPAV SPHO SPHS SPIN SPIT SPLT SPUP SPUT SPWI SRBA SROT SRPI SRPT SSET SSLE SSMI SSPL SSTM SSUE SSVE STAK STAN STCU STDE STER STHE STKR STLA STLB STLE STMI STPO STTG STUR SUMI SURO SUTE 646 Table 6 (Continued ) Code Denomination Stephanodiscus vestibulis Hakansson Theriot & Stoermer Sellaphora ventraloconfusa (Lange-Bertalot) Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot Tryblionella apiculata Gregory Thalassiosira baltica (Grunow) Ostenfeld Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehr.) Hakansson & Locker Tryblionella calida (grunow in Cl. & Grun.) D.G. Mann Tryblionella debilis Arnott ex O’Meara Tabularia fasciculata (Agardh) Williams et Round Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngbye) Kutzing Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kutzing Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kutzing fo. teratogene Thalassiosira gessneri Hustedt 1956 Tryblionella gracilis w. Smith Thalassiosira lacustris (Grunow) Hasle in Hasle & Fryxell Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Mereschkowsky Tryblionella hungarica (Grunow) D.G. Mann Tryblionella levidensis Wm. Smith Tryblionella littoralis (Grunow in Cl. & Grun.) D.G. Mann Tryblionella navicularis (Breb. ex. Kützing) Ralfs in Pritchard Thalassiosira proschkinae Makarova Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal Tabularia tabulata (C.A. Agardh) Snoeijs Tabellaria ventricosa Kutzing Thalassiosira visurgis Hustedt Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell & Hasle Ulnaria biceps (Kutzing) Compère Ulnaria capitata (Ehrenberg) Compère Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch.) Compère var. acus (Kütz.) Lange-Bertalot Ulnaria ulna Sippe angustissima (Grunow) Compere Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch.) Compère var. acus (Kütz.) Lange-Bertalot abnormal Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch.) Compère var. claviceps (Hustedt) nov. comb. Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch.) Compère var. claviceps (Hustedt) nov. comb. abnor Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch.) Compère Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch.) Compère fo. anormale Ulnaria ungeriana (Grunow) Compère Ulnaria ungeriana (Grunow) Compère abnormal form 0.011 0.000 0.012 0.000 0.004 0.049 0.064 0.057 0.000 0.000 0.846 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.000 0.050 0.021 0.156 0.038 0.431 0.020 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.036 0.010 0.001 0.846 0.000 0.846 0.015 0.846 0.000 0.846 C2 0.004 0.000 0.191 0.018 0.561 0.283 0.140 0.461 0.000 0.001 0.110 0.538 0.661 0.050 0.571 0.362 0.096 0.440 0.333 0.421 0.455 0.852 0.001 0.427 0.288 0.009 0.017 0.039 0.009 0.110 0.000 0.110 0.087 0.110 0.000 0.110 C3 0.051 0.009 0.403 0.925 0.249 0.399 0.480 0.392 0.000 0.002 0.022 0.279 0.115 0.591 0.422 0.262 0.488 0.250 0.591 0.080 0.322 0.097 0.000 0.490 0.420 0.062 0.000 0.206 0.135 0.022 0.000 0.022 0.279 0.022 0.281 0.022 C4 0.731 0.186 0.288 0.057 0.186 0.262 0.279 0.086 0.003 0.015 0.018 0.183 0.151 0.282 0.007 0.164 0.357 0.154 0.035 0.033 0.145 0.024 0.039 0.083 0.269 0.200 0.302 0.355 0.317 0.018 0.071 0.018 0.268 0.018 0.472 0.018 C5 0.191 0.182 0.065 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.035 0.003 0.040 0.047 0.003 0.000 0.064 0.037 0.000 0.149 0.034 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.051 0.016 0.096 0.000 0.003 0.589 0.466 0.296 0.346 0.003 0.929 0.003 0.259 0.003 0.248 0.003 C6 0.012 0.623 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.676 0.310 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.013 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.008 0.000 0.313 0.000 0.001 0.139 0.179 0.085 0.191 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.082 0.000 0.000 0.000 C7 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.280 0.625 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.551 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.010 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 Vx 1.278 1.139 0.882 1.552 1.079 0.923 0.962 1.029 1.238 1.181 1.436 1.065 1.165 1.110 1.199 0.807 1.029 0.912 1.148 1.022 0.963 1.442 1.080 1.104 0.960 1.077 0.976 0.836 0.857 1.436 1.560 1.436 0.761 1.436 1.008 1.436 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 SVES SVTC TAPI TBAL TBRA TCAL TDEB TFAS TFEN TFLO TFLT TGES TGRL THLA THNI THUN TLEV TLIT TNAV TPRK TPSN TTAB TVEN TVIS TWEI UBIC UCAP UUAC UUAN UUAT UUCL UUCT UULN UULT UUNG UUNT C1 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 647 tries and is thus part of the European intercalibration exercise as a reference index. 3. Fig. 4 – Comparison between BDI and BDI-2006 scores for the 2802 study sites. (a) Distribution of BDI and BDI-2006 values; (b) correlation between BDI and BDI-2006 values. Fig. 5 – Comparison of the initial and the new profile of Nitzschia paleacea. Results BDI-2006 values were calculated for the 2802 biological samples, and were compared to the distribution of the initial version values (Fig. 4a and b). BDI-2006 scores are significantly higher ( p < 0.001) than BDI ones, and are better correlated to the SPI scores (R2 PSI/BDI = 0.63; R2 PSI/BDI-2006 = 0.89). Some species’ ecological profiles are clearly enhanced. The ecological profile of Nitzschia paleacea, for example, was largely criticised as being excessively influenced by good quality classes in the initial version of the index. Now, it fits to the general expert advice concerning this species’ level of pollution tolerance (van Dam et al., 1994; Hofmann, 1994) (Fig. 5). The ecological profile of abnormal forms tend to move towards poorer water quality classes than normal forms (Fig. 6), lowering the final BDI-2006 score while the initial version was not able to highlight toxic pollution. The example of the Riou Mort River is reported in Table 7 (dissolved metal concentrations measured at the sampling date: Cu = 2.1 mg/l, Zn = 1191.6 mg/l, Cd = 14.2 mg/l). In this table samples from acidic water are also recorded, with Psammothidium oblongellum being a typical species in such contexts. This species did not belong to the key species list of the BDI initial version, leading to serious bias in acidic water monitoring. Last, the introduction of invasive taxa in the new key species list of BDI-2006 seriously modifies the water quality evaluation in many samples (examples in Table 7). Invasive species typical of poor water quality (Diadesmis confervacea) decrease the final BDI score, while the presence of good water quality invasive species (Achnanthes subhudsonis, Nitzschia tropica) markedly increases the score. 4. Discussion The BDI-2006 is globally higher scoring comparing to the earlier version, and this may have important consequences on river monitoring processes. Fig. 6 – Examples of abnormal forms ecological profiles. 648 ecological indicators 9 (2009) 621–650 Table 7 – Examples of improvements of water quality evaluation with BDI-2006 (see Table 5 for taxa acronyms) Sampling site Conche Grand.Bois Marais poitevin Capot amont conserverie Corse-Gravone Lézarde Pont Spitz Oman pont D7 seuil Retjon Carcen ponson Nasseys Rance St Jacut du Mène Riou Mort RM. Boisse Sampling date Most common taxa Initial BDI score 22/08/05 17/09/03 03/05/96 05/10/06 04/05/96 03/05/96 19/09/05 29/06/00 10/08/98 25/03/04 DCOF (invasive) DCOF (invasive) ASHU (invasive) ASHU (invasive) NTRO (invasive) NTRO (invasive) POBG (acidobiontic) POBG (acidobiontic) POBG (acidobiontic) DEHT, DVUT, NZLT, UULT (Abnormal cells) 9.2 9.6 5.5 13.4 5.9 6.2 18.5 18.7 12.1 12.9 In France, a recent study on the scale of the whole French hydrosystem (Tison et al., 2005a) proposed a classification of 836 sampling sites into 11 clusters according to diatom community structure. 5 clusters corresponded to non-impacted or slightly impacted conditions and represented 5 natural river types (different geological and altitudinal contexts). Reference scores of those 5 biotypes, expressed with the initial version of the BDI, varied within 3 points: if the overall reference scores in highland contexts was 19/20, in lowland areas this score decreased to 16/ 20 (Tison et al., 2005b). This was partly due to the weight of pH and conductivity in the determination of the seven water quality classes of the initial version: an increase in conductivity was systematically interpreted as a pollution. But phycologists now agree that diatom community structure, in reference conditions, is largely influenced by ecoregional parameters (mainly geology, relief and climate) (Biggs, 1995; Stevenson, 1997; Pan et al., 2000): a species typical of high mineralization contexts can be also typical of reference conditions. Hence, we decided to lower the influence of pH and conductivity in the determination of the quality classes in the new version of the BDI. As a direct consequence, ecological profiles of species from naturally high conductivity areas moved towards good quality classes, and reference scores for lowland calcareous contexts significantly increased (from 16/20 to 17/20). The main result is a more optimistic view of water quality in watersheds such as the Artois-Picardie basin (north of France), where 89.7% of the stations show higher BDI-2006 values than BDI values (2.92 points higher on average) (Artois-Picardie Water Agency data). Impacts of the BDI-2006 on political programs concerning the good ecological status must be anticipated. Consequently, France will have to rapidly run a new European intercalibration exercise to compare its new ecological status boundaries to those of other member states. Intercalibration of the BDI-2006 with other European diatombased indices in specific contexts affected by toxic pollution will certainly be complex: BDI-2006 is the first European index to take into account abnormal forms of diatom cells, even though abnormal cells have frequently been linked to metal-polluted freshwater environments (Cattaneo et al., 2004; Fore and Grafe, 2002; Nunes et al., 2003; Morin et al., 2008). This is a first step towards a multimetric index, which should be composed of individual biological metrics having clear relationships to specific environmental stressors (Gerritsen, 1995). Lastly, the decision to include tropical invasive species with their ‘‘native’’ ecological profile in the list of key species for the calculation of BDI-2006, is open to criticism. Diatom studies of BDI-2006 score 4.0 3.6 20.0 18.3 14.2 12.1 20.0 20.0 18.5 9.6 French running water over more than thirty years have revealed the recent appearance of a number of species which could not have been overlooked before because of their abundance or size (Coste and Ector, 2000). Including these species allows the use of the BDI in tropical areas, this is an important point, but is the presence of these exotics in the French hydrosystem linked to global warming? Hence, how should their ecological profile be drawn? Even if A. subhudsonis is typical of good water quality in tropical areas, its presence in France can be interpreted as an ecosystem dysfunction. Should such species be excluded from the key species list? Should the ecological profiles be systematically moved towards poorer water quality? Should their real ecological profile (i.e. recorded in their ‘‘native’’ areas) be taken into consideration? This is certainly a crucial point to debate during the forthcoming intercalibration exercises, as tropical invasive species are increasingly important in hydrobiology. In conclusion, the BDI-2006 is certainly much more suited to the Water Framework Directive requirements than the initial version was: it offers (in France) a wider area of use with a better understanding of natural diatom variability, and strengthened ecological profiles for many key species. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Water Agencies and Environmental Ministry services for providing data. 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