38 (1): (2014) 167-184
Original Scientiic Paper
Chorological characterization and distribution of
the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Biljana Lubarda1, Vladimir Stupar2, Đorđije Milanović2 and
Vladimir Stevanović3✳
1 Faculty of Science, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2 Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
ABstrACt: 298 endemic taxa at the species and subspecies rank have been found in the territory of Bosnia
and Herzegovina (B&H). Each taxon has been classiied into its corresponding chorological group,
subgroup and loristic element. he basic chorological structure of endemic Balkan lora in B&H
is composed of ive main groups: South-European Mountainous (SEM) with 112 taxa, 38% of the
total endemic Balkan lora in B&H; Mediterranean - Submediterranean (MED-SUBMED), 77
taxa (26%); Central-European Mountainous (CEM) with 69 taxa (23%); Central-European (CE)
with 34 taxa (11%); and Pontic (PONT) with six taxa (2%). Within SEM and CEM groups, the
most abundant were Dinaric and Dinaric-Balkan elements, in the MED-SUBMED group it was
Adriatic Submediterranean, while in the CE group there were Illyrian and Illyrian-Balkan loristic
elements. he distribution of each taxon in B&H was mapped in the network of MGRS squares,
with a precision level of 10 km. he richness of Balkan endemic lora in B&H was presented as the
number of taxa, at the species and subspecies ranks in each MGRS square 10 x10 km. In the same
way, the distribution of endemic taxa of each basic chorological groups was represented. It has been
conirmed that high mountains of northern Herzegovina (Prenj, Čvrsnica, Čabulja) are richest in
endemics (125 taxa), followed by mountains Bjelašnica, Treskavica, Ivan, together with the canyon
of the Rakitnica river (109 taxa), and mountains at the border with Montenegro, Maglić and Volujak
with the Sutjeska river canyon (99 taxa). he richest endemic lora was recorded on the following
particular mountains: Prenj (99), Čvrsnica (78), Orjen (74), Velež (70), Treskavica (63), Maglić (58),
Dinara (52), etc.
Key words: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Balkan endemic lora, chorological structure of lora, distribution of
loristic elements.
Received: 12 November 2013
Revision accepted 18 February 2014
UDK 581.9:497.15
INtrODUCtION
he Balkan peninsula is known for its great loristic
richness and signiicant percentage of endemics. According
to contemporary assessments, vascular lora of the
Balkans comprise almost 8000 taxa, which is c. 1300 taxa
more compared with Turrill’s data from 1929 (Turrill
correspondence: : vstev@bio.bg.ac.rs
✳
1929; Stevanović 2005). he Balkan endemic lora is
nowadays estimated to be between 2600 and 2700 taxa,
at the species and subspecies ranks, which is about 1000
taxa more compared with Turrill’s estimate (Stevanović
et al. 2007). Preliminary research on the distribution of
endemic lora of the Peninsula, obtained by mapping 2250
taxa, showed that the number of taxa increases going from
© 2014 Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, Belgrade
168
vol. 38 (1)
northern parts of the Peninsula towards the south, where
a signiicant number of endemics was recorded on almost
all high mountains of the western and central part of the
Peninsula (Durmitor, Prokletije, Šar-planina, Rila, Pirin),
slightly increasing towards the high mountains of Greece
(Olymbos, Pindhos), reaching the highest number on
mountains of Sterea Ellas (Parnassos and Giona). A high
percentage of endemism has also been registered on the
high mountains of Peloponnesus, especially on Taygetos,
as well as on the mountains LevkaOri and Psiloritis on
Crete.
he lora of the western part of the Peninsula, more
precisely, Dinaric Alps and Adriatic Mediterranean and
Submediterranean, is also characterized by a signiicant
percentage of endemics – with the striking presence of
paleo-endemic monotypic genera (Degenia, Petteria,
Pancicia-Pimpinellaserbica), genera Heliosperma and
Edraianthus, with the highest number of species in the
western part of the Peninsula, followed by some sections
of the genera Campanula (sect. Isophylla), Asperula (sect.
Typhlisia), Hieracium (sect. Pannosa) and aggregates
of some other species. Balkan endemics, in the western
part of the Peninsula, have primarily been found in high
limestone mountains of the Dinaric Alps and its gorges
and canyons, as well as on a number of Dalmatian islands
and coastal regions. However, the largest part of the
lora comprises non-endemic species of wider CentralEuropean Mountain, South-European Mountain, Boreal,
Central-European and Mediterranean distributions.
his highly-mixed chorological composition of lora is
characteristic not only for western, but also for central
parts of the Peninsula, in Serbia, Macedonia, northern
Albania, northern Greece and western Bulgaria.
he territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina occupies the
central position in the western part of the Balkan peninsula.
In the north, it is a lowland territory, spreading along
alluvial plains of the Sava river and its tributaries. From
alluvial plains on the north, the relief changes by gradual
rising of the Dinaric Mts range towards the south, which
spreads along the northwest – southeast direction. he
highest mountains of the central Dinaric Alps are divided
into two, almost parallel chains: the inner Dinarides
(Plješevica-Grmeč-Klekovača-Cincar-Plazenica-VlašićVranica-Bjelašnica-Treskavica-Zelengora-Maglić)
and
Mediterranean (coastal) Dinarides (Dinara-Tušnica-VranČvrsnica-Prenj-Velež-Bjelasnica-Viduša-Orjen).
hese
two chains are separated, in the west, by larger karst ields
(Grahovsko, Livanjsko, Duvanjsko, Kupreško, Vukovsko),
while further to the east they are separated by valleys of the
Rama river and upper low of the Neretva river.
he high-mountain areas of the inner Dinarides are
characterized by a modiied humid mountain climate
of the type Alpine X1 (Walter & Lieth 1964). hese
are more heterogeneous in geologic composition, but
limestone and dolomites are predominant, while the
highest silicate mountain, Vranica (2112 m), is situated in
the central part of the chain. Northern slopes of the inner
Dinarides are rich in water sources, generating large rivers
of the Danube basin (Una, Vrbas, Bosna and Drina rivers)
that low mainly in a south-north direction, occasionally
forming deep canyons and gorges. he altitude of this
chain rises from the northwest towards the southeast,
and at the border with Montenegro it reaches the highest
point in B&H, on the mountain Maglić (2386 m). he
high mountain chain of the inner Dinaric Alps enables
Mediterranean warmer air masses to spread deeper into
continental parts of the territory.
he coastal line of the Dinarides is characterized by
a per-humid mountain climate under the Mediterranean
inluence of type X2 (Walter & Lieth 1964). he
substrates are Triassic and Jurassic limestones and
dolomites, and these mountains are mainly waterless.
A poor hydrographic network is composed mainly of
underground streams that belong to the Cetina river basin
in the west and Trebišnjica river basin in the East, while
the Neretva river interrupts this mountain chain in its
central, highest part (Čvrsnica Mt. 2228 m), building an
imposing canyon. he Mediterranean inluence is strongly
restricted in the valleys of these rivers, but reaches deeper
inland, up to the border of the inner Dinarides.
he Pannonian, mainly plain or slightly hilly or/
and montane of northern Bosnia is characterized by
a moderate-continental climate, with a conspicuous
gradient of precipitation, decreasing along the line westeast. It is characterized by a transitional central European
moderate-humid climate of hills and plains (VI 2b type).
he state territory of B&H has only a small fragment of
the Adriatic Sea coast with a length of 24 km.
MAterIAl AND MetHODs
An inventory of B&H endemic lora was made based on
extensive herbarium and literature data regarding plant
taxonomy and loristic botany (Kummer & Sendtner
1849; Pantocsek 1873-1874; Hofmann 1882; Conrath
1887-88; Freyn & Brandis 1888; Vandas 1888-89;
Formanek 1888-1890; Fiala 1889-1899; Brandis
1890/91; Murbeck 1891; Boller 1892; Maly 18931952; Maly & Zahn 1925-1929; Maly & Bjelčić 1949;
Beck 1903-1927; Beck & Maly 1950; Beck et al. 19671983; Handel-Mazzetti et al. 1905-06; Janchen 1906;
Janchen & Watzl 1908; Sagorski 1914; Korica 19501966; Bajić et al. 1952; Ritter-Studnička 1952-1963;
Bjelčić 1956-1964/65; Slavnić & Bjelčić 1963; Bjelčić
& Milanović 1968; Bjelčić et al. 1969; Bjelčić & Šilić
1971; Šilić 1972-1979; Lakušić 1973; Lakušić et al. 1979;
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 169
Fig. 1. MGRS network with squares of 10x10 km and numerated squares 100x100 km in B&H. In the upper right corner, the position of BiH
(shaded) in the Balkans. Prominent mountains, main rivers and larger settlements are presented.
Šilić & Abadžić 1986-1991; Lakušić & Redžić 1989;
Redžić et al. 1984-1992/95; Šoljan 2001; Stevanović
& Lakušić 2006; Niketić 2007; Bucalo et al. 2008;
Milanović et al. 2009, 2011; Brujić et al. 2011; Stupar
et al. 2009, 2011), phytocoenology, morphology and
cytotaxonomy studies (280 references), and comprehensive
investigations of lora by the authors in the period 20072012 on numerous localities in B&H. In some cases, there
was a dilemma regarding the correctness of taxonomical
and chorological data from literature sources. Such data
were marked as doubtful or erroneous and were not
included in the analysis. A total of 298 Balkans endemic
taxa were determined at the species and subspecies rank,
which is estimated to be a relatively moderate 8% of the
total lora in B&H.
he collected data on distribution and ecological
characteristics of the Balkan endemics on the territory of
B&H were incorporated in a database (6909 records) of
MS Excel 2003, containing the following information:
1. Taxonomic-nomenclature data contains the accepted
name of the taxon and sub-nomen of the taxon
(original title in bibliographic source or herbarium);
2. Chorological data: sub-nomen of the locality (original
citation on the location from the bibliographic
source or herbarium), region, locality 1 (wider
location), locality 2 (more precise location), locality
3 (sub-locality), MGRS mark or marks if the locality
encompassed several MGRS squares;
3. Ecological data: habitat (plant community) in which
the taxon was found; bedrock, altitude, exposition,
terrain gradient, degree of presence in a certain plant
community;
4. Bibliographic data: a complete list of authors,
publication year and a complete title of the reference
with chorological data;
5. Data from herbarium labels: the name of the
collector (legator), date of collection, collection and/
or inventory number of the sample, the collection in
which the material was deposited, name of the author
who identiied the taxon.
Taxonomic statuses of endemic taxa were given
according to contemporary bibliographic sources
(Greuter et al. 1984-1989; Jalas & Suominen 19721994; Jalas et al. 1996, 1999; Kurto et al. 2004, 2007;
Strid & Tan 1997-2002; Tutin et al. 1964-1980; Tutin
et al. 1993), as well as electronic databases (http://ww2.
bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/; http://bgbm3.bgbm.fu-berlin.
de/iopi/gpc/default.asp; http://www.ipni.org/).
he distribution of each endemic taxon of the species
and subspecies rank on the territory of B&H was mapped
onto the MGRS (Military Grid Reference System)
network of 10x10 km squares, according to the method
vol. 38 (1)
170
Fig. 2. Spectrum of basic chorologic groups corresponding to loristic
regions to which endemic taxa of the Balkans in B&H belong. SEM
– South European mountain; CEM – Central European mountain;
CE – Central European; MED-SUBMED – Mediterranean-sub
Mediterranean; PONT- Pontic.
described in Kurtto et al. (2004) (Figure 1). Individual
distribution maps of each endemic taxa were used for
mapping the summary distribution of endemic taxa of
basic chorological groups, to which an individual taxon
belongs. Maps were made using the sotware package ESRI
ArcGIS 9.3. Arc GIS 9.3.
Depending on the geography of ranges and phylogenetic
relations, for each Balkan endemic taxon, belonging to
the certain loristic element, chorological subgroup, and
inally, chorological group was determined. In that way,
endemic taxa were not only deined based on geography of
the ranges (loristic elements), but their wider belonging
to the appropriate basic phychoria [phytochoria?], i.e.
chorological groups (CEM, SEM, CE, MED-SUBMED
and PONT). Names of chorological subgroups and groups
mainly corresponded to phytochoria at the loristic region,
sub-region and province ranks as given for the Balkan
peninsula by Glavač (in Horvat et al. 1974). A list of
species assigned to the appropriate chorological group,
subgroup and loristic element, was given in the Annex of
this paper (see the annexes on line http://botanicaserbica.
bio.bg.ac.rs/)
resUlts
he chorological spectrum of Balkan endemic lora in
B&H, encompassed 298 endemic taxa at the species and
subspecies ranks. he most dominant was the SouthEuropean Mountain chorological group (SEM) with
112 taxa or 37.7% of the total Balkan endemic lora.
Mediterranean-Submediterranean group (MED-SMED)
and Central-European Mountain group (CEM) were
represented with signiicantly smaller numbers of taxa
– 77 taxa or 25, 7% and 69 taxa or 23, 2%, respectively.
he Central European chorological group (CE) included
34 taxa, or 11.4%, while the Pontic group (PONT) was
represented by only six taxa, or 2% of the total chorological
spectrum (Figure 2).
south-european Mountainous group (seM) – 112
taxa, 38% of the total endemic Balkan lora in B&H.
his includes endemic orophytes whose closest relatives
are distributed on mountains of South Europe. heir ranges
enclose the limestone coastal and partly central Dinarides,
mountains of the Scardo-Pindhic system, from Šar-planina
to south Pindhos, rarely to Peloponnese, and mountains of
south-west Bulgaria. his group of orophytesis was divided
into two subgroups: Dinaric and Dinaric-Balkan Mountain,
with 67 taxa (60%), and 45 taxa (40%) participating,
respectively (Figure 3). Among the Dinaric endemic taxa,
the most abundant were those of central-eastern Dinaric
distribution, having ranges spreading from the mountains
of C. B&H to E. & S.E. Dinaric Alps of Montenegro, N.
Albania and W. & S.W. Serbia (19 taxa, 28%), such as
e.g. Veronica saturejoides, Edraianthus serpyllifolius,
Campanula hercegovina, Hieracium stirovacense subsp.
miriciissimum, H. plumulosum, Scilla lakusicii, hesium
auriculatum etc., followed by east Dinaric elements with 17
taxa, 21% (Edraianthus montenegrinus, Senecio thapsoides
subsp. visianianus, Avenula blavii, Centaurea incompta,
Hieracium calophyllum, etc.) and western to eastern Dinaric
endemics distributed from Velebit to Prokletije with 14
taxa, 14% (Cerastium grandilorum, Arenaria gracilis,
Lonicera glutinosa, Leucanthemum chloroticum, Aubrieta
columnae subsp. croatica, Edraianthus caricinus, Fritillaria
gracilis subsp. gracilis etc.). Central Dinaric elements (11
taxa, 16%) encompassed species distributed on mountains
of C. Bosnia (Vlašić, Vranica, Treskavica, Bjelašnica)
and Herzegovina (Čvrsnica, Čabulja, Prenj, Velež), and
West Dinaric and western-central Dinaric elements were
represented with only 3 species (5%) each (Campanula
waldsteiniana, Heliosperma pussila subsp. malyi, Sesleria
albicans subsp. angustifolia, for the former, and Sibiraea
croatica, Edraianthus croaticus and Viola chelmea subsp.
vratnikensis for the latter). A certain number of strict
endemics should be added to this group. hese were
limited to particular mountains such as Dianthus freynii
on Prenj, Edraianthus niveus on Vranica, E. sutjeskae on
Maglić, Iris orjenii on Orjen, etc.
he Dinaric-Balkan subgroup included endemic taxa
whose ranges enclose, besides Dinarides and ScardoPindhic mountains (22 taxa or 49%), Scardo-Pindhic and
Moesian mountains (21 taxa or 47%), while disjunctive
Dinaric-Moesian elements were very rare and represented
with only two taxa (4%). More detailed division of each of
these groups within the Dinaric-Balkan orophytes is given
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 171
Fig. 3. Percentage of endemic Balkan taxa of the SEM chorological group and corresponding subgroups and loristic elements in BiH.
Abbreviations: Dinar - Dinaric; Balk - Balkan mountain; Scard-Pind - Scardo-Pindhic mountains; Moes - Moesian mountains: N - North;
S - South; W - West; C - Central; E - East;
based on the width of the areal and is shown in the Annex
of the paper. hose are endemics with the largest ranges
among Balkan orophytes. Many of these species belong to
the group of paleoendemic such as Minuartia clandestina,
Amphoricarpos autariatus, Pimpinella serbica, Asyneuma
pichleri, Achillea ageratifolia subsp. serbica, Aurinia
corymbosa, Cephalaria pastricensis, Euphorbia capitulata,
Anthyllis aurea, Potentilla speciosa subsp. illyrica, etc.
On a summary map of distribution and number of
endemic taxa of the SEM group, the following mountains
were distinguished by their loristic richness, in the
descending order Prenj (43), Čvrsnica (38), Orjen (38),
Velež (35), Treskavica and Bjelašnica (30), Maglić and
Zelengora (26), Čabulja (21) (Figure 4). hese are mostly
high mountains of the coastal Dinarides which are under
strong Mediterranean inluences. Endemic taxa from
this group also occurred less on the mountains of west
and central Bosnia. hus, on the mountains Dinara Mt.
(13 taxa), Vlašić (12), Vranica (10), Klekovača and Šator
(8), Osječenica (7), Vitorog (4) etc. have been recorded.
hanks to the relatively low limestone and serpentine
mountains of east Bosnia, the number of endemic taxa
of this chorological group was comparatively high, as was
also the case with the Višegrad area, where 22 taxa have
been found.
Central european Mountainous chorological group
(CeM) comprised endemic taxa whose closest relatives
have been found distributed on mountains of central
Europe, primarily in the Alps, and to a lesser degree on
the Carpathians. his areal group, in comparison with the
previous group (SEM), was represented by around only
half the numbers of endemic lora of B&H, enclosing 69
taxa (23%) of the total endemic lora. It has been divided
into two subgroups: Dinaric, with 32 taxa (46%) and
Dinaric-Balkan, with 37 taxa (54% of the total endemic
lora of the CEM group) (Figure 5). he most abundant
within the Dinaric subgroup were central-eastern Dinaric
orophytes with 11 taxa, 34% of this subgroup (Aquilegia
dinarica, Asperula wettsteinii, Astragalus ialae, Pedicularis
heterodonta, Saxifraga prenja and others), followed by the
central Dinaric with eight taxa, 25% (Knautia travnicensis,
Rhinanthus dinaricus, Centaurea murbeckii, Alchemilla
vranicensis and others) and west to east Dinaric endemic
orophytes with seven taxa, 22 % (Arabis scopoliana,
Cerastium dinaricum, Tephroseris crassifolia and others).
hese were followed by east Dinaric orophytes with ive
taxa, 16% (Aquilegia grata subsp. grata, Picea omorika,
Knautia pancicii and others), while west to central Dinaric
orophytes were represented with only one species, 3%
(Primula kitaibeliana) (Figure 5).
172
vol. 38 (1)
Fig. 4. Distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from the South European mountainous group (SEM) in B&H.
Fig. 5. Percentage of endemic Balkans taxa from the CEM chorological group and appropriate subgroups and loristic elements in BiH.
Abbreviations as in Fig. 3.
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 173
Fig. 6. Distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from the Central European mountainous group (CEM) in B&H.
he Dinaric-Balkan subgroup of endemic orophytes of
the Central-European Mountainous group includes taxa
that are widely distributed on mountains of the Peninsula,
from the Dinaric Alps through the Scardo-Pindhic
mountains of Macedonia, Albania and Greece, and Moesian
mountains of Bulgaria, E. Serbia and E. Macedonia. he
most abundant were Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhic-Moesian
mountain loristic elements with 21 taxa, 57% of this
chorological subgroup (Alyssum scardicum, Pedicularis
grisebachii, P. hoermanniana, Potentilla montengrina and
others), followed by Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhic endemic
orophytes with 12 taxa, 32% (Oxytropis prenja, O. dinarica
subsp. dinarica, Vicia montenegrina, Plantago reniformis,
and others), while the disjunct Dinaric-Moesian orophytes
had four taxa, 11% (e.g. Geum bulgaricum).
he greatest species number of taxa of the CEM group
was mainly found on the mountain massive of Prenj (29)
and the central Dinaric Alps: Bjelašnica (28), Jahorina (27),
Maglić (26), Vranica (25), Treskavica (25), Zelengora (21),
Vlašić (20), etc. (Figure 6). Signiicantly fewer taxa have
been recorded on the coastal Dinarides of Herzegovina,
such as Velež (15), Orjen (14), Čabulja (9), etc.
Within the Mediterranean - submediterranean
chorological group (MeD-sMeD) three subgroups have
been deined, depending on whether and to what extent
their ranges exceeded the borders of the MED-SMED
region, that is, how much they spread within the Balkans
1. Mediterannean-Submediterranean-Subcontinental
subgroup (Med-submed-subcont) that enclosed
endemic taxa that are spreading, apart from the
Mediterranean basin, also around continental parts of
the Peninsula;
2. Submediteranean (Balk-submed) that included taxa
limited to Submediterranean parts of the Peninsula,
i.e. its immediate Mediterranean hinterland;
3. Subcontinental (subcont) subgroup that included
ancient Mediterranean species that are distributed in
continental parts of the Peninsula on thermophilous
limestone or serpentine habitats.
he largest number of taxa, 42 (55% of MED-SUBMED
group) belonged to the Balkan Submediterranean
endemic taxa (Balk-submed). his subgroup comprised
almost exclusively endemic Adriatic Submediterranean
elements (40 taxa, 95% of this subgroup) characterized
by varying size of ranges spreading along the Adriatic
Submediterranean loristic subregion (Acinos orontius,
Alyssum moellendorianum, Heliosperma retzdoriana,
H. tommasinii, Knautia clementii, Arum petteri, Crepis
pantocsekii, Dianthus ciliatus subsp. dalmaticus,
Hyacinthella dalmatica, Edraianthus tenuifolius, Dianthus
174
vol. 38 (1)
Fig. 7. Percentage of endemic Balkan taxa of subgroups of Mediteranean-submediteranean chrological group in BiH. Abbrevations: Adriat
- Adriatic; Ion - Ionian; Aeg - Aegean; Mac-hrac - Macedonian-hracian; Balk - Balkan; Sc-Pind - Scardo-Pindhic; Moes - Moesian, Illyr Illyrian; N - North; S - South; W - West; C - Central; E - East
knappii, Seseli tomentosum, S. globiferum, Succisella petteri,
Silene reichenbachii, Salvia brachyodon, hymus bracteosus,
Vicia ochroleuca subsp. dinara, etc.), while Adriatic-Ionian
(Petteri aramentacea) and Adriatic-Macedonian-hracian
elements (Rhamnus orbiculata) were represented with
only one taxon.
he mediterranean-submediterranean-subcontinental
subgroup (Med-submed-subcont) took second place. It
was represented with 20 taxa (26%) of endemic species
of widest distribution. heir ranges enclosed the MEDSUBMED region of the Balkans, but were more-less
widely distributed within the Peninsula as well: Trifolium
dalmaticum, T. pignantii, Chaerophyllum coloratum,
Bupleurum karglii, Allium guttatum subsp. dalmaticum
and others.
here follows the subcontinental subgroup (subcont)
with 15 taxa (19%), including ancient Mediterranean species
that inhabit thermophilous serpentine and limestone
habitats. Such species were either phylogenetically isolated,
or their relatives were widespread on the Mediterranean
basin and hinterland. Such species on serpentine habitats
were Halacsya sendtneri, Gypsophila spergulifolia, Fumana
bonapartei, Haplophyllum boisserianum, Potentilla visianii,
Viola beckiana, Scrophularia tristis, Euphorbia glabrilora and
others, and on limestone Onosma stellulata, Symphyandra
hofmannii, Salvia sonklari, Eryngium palmatum and others.
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 175
Fig. 8. Distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from the Mediteranean-submediteranean group (MED-SUBMED)
in B&H.
A summary map of the distribution and number of
endemic taxa of the Mediterranean-Submediterranean
chorological group (Figure 8) shows that the largest
number of taxa of this group were situated in hilly regions
and canyons of limestone mountains of Herzegovina, such
as Dinara (24), Orjen (21), Prenj (15), Velež (14), Čvrsnica
(13), Čabulja (11), etc., as well as the surrounding karst
ields under Mediterranean inluences. Note that endemics
from the Mediterranean-Submediterranean group have
also oten been found on serpentine terrains in E. Bosnia,
e.g. in the vicinity of Višegrad (17) and Rudo (10), and
to a lesser degree on serpentines of C. Bosnia, around
Zavidovići (6).
he Central-european chorological group (Ce)
encloses endemic taxa that have been limited to woody
and meadow habitats to the mountain zone in the inner
Peninsula, whose closest relatives have a central European
distribution. he group is divided into two subgroups:
Illyrian with 25 taxa, 74% of this chorological group,
and Illyrian-Balkan with 9, 26% (Figure 9). Of Illyrian
endemic taxa, most represented were those whose ranges
cover complete central parts of the Illyrian subregion (9
or 36%), followed by central-eastern Illyrian (11 or 44%),
and eastern Illyrian (4 or 16%), while western to eastern
Illyrian endemics were represented with a single taxon
(4%). Illyrian-Balkan elements of the CE group were
represented by widely distributed taxa whose ranges
enclosed central to southeast Illyrian, Scardo-Pindhic
and Moesian subregions and corresponding provinces
with 6 taxa, 67% of the Illyrian-Balkan subgroup. Centralsoutheast Illyrian – Balkan (Scardo-Pindhic) elements of
the Balkans endemic lora in B&H have been found in a
somewhat smaller number (3 taxa, 33%) (Figure 9).
On the distribution map of endemic taxa of the CE
group (Figure 10), the largest number of species was
recorded on mountains in the vicinity of Sarajevo (Trebević,
Jahorina, Romanija, including the canyon of the Miljacka
river – 16 taxa), Prenj (10) and Bjelašnica (7). Also, ten
endemic CE taxa occurred in E. Bosnia, in the vicinity
of Višegrad and Prača. Of the total of 34 endemic taxa of
the CE group, 16 taxa belong to the hybrid species of the
genus Hieracium from aggregates of H. murorum and H.
biidum, while 14 endemic subspecies of these species have
been recorded only on Trebević Mt and around Sarajevo.
A moderate number of taxa from this group was found
on almost all mountains of the inner Dinarides in Bosnia
and Herzegovina, while a signiicantly smallest number of
CE endemics was present in parts of the territory that are
under strong Mediterranean inluences.
he Pontic chorological group (PONt) was
represented by only six endemic taxa that are
phylogenetically and taxonomically related to their Pontic
or Pontic-Mediteranean relatives. heir distribution was
found to be limited on the one hand by thermophilous
176
vol. 38 (1)
Fig. 9. Percentage of endemic Balkan taxa from the Central European (CE) subgroup of chorological group in BiH. Abbrevations as in Fig. 3.
Fig. 10. Distribution and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from the Central European group (CE) in B&H.
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 177
Fig. 11. Percentage of endemic Balkan taxa from the subgroup of
Pontic chorological group (PONT) in BiH (let) and distribution
and number of endemic taxa per square 10x10 km from this group
in B&H (right).
rocky serpentine habitats of N. & E. Bosnia (Chamaecytisus
maezeius, Polygonum albanicum) and/or open limestone
steppe-like rocky habitats of Herzegovina (Onosma
pseudoarenaria subsp. fallax, Pulsatilla velezensis,
Ranunculus psilostachys, Peucedanum neumayeri) (Figure
11). An equal number of three taxa was characterized by
an Illyrian and Illyrian-Balkan endemic distribution.
he summary distribution of all endemic Balkan lora on
B&H territory presented through the number of endemic
species in each of MGRS squares 10x10 km (Figure 12)
clearly shows that high limestone mountains in B&H are
the most signiicant centers of endemism in this part of
the W. Balkans. Several mountains and spatially close
mountain groups i.e. Maglić and Volujak with the canyon
of the Sutjeska river (99 taxa), Prenj (99 taxa), Čvrsnica
(78), Velež (70), Orjen and Bijela Gora (76), Bjelašnica
and Treskavica (109), Vranica (47), Jahorina, Trebević,
Romanija (76), Zelengora (50), Dinara (52), Vlašić (38)
etc. were distinguished by their loristic richness. his is
caused by the mixed chorological structure of lora, with
numerous endemics from SEM and CEM taxa in high
mountain regions, Mediterranean – Submediterranean
elements in the surrounding limestone canyons, gorges or
open rocky habitats, as well as taxa from the CE group in
mountain forest areas of those mountains. In that respect,
the mountain of Prenj in Herzegovina is characterised
Fig. 12. Number of endemic taxa of all chorological groups in B&H mapped on MGRS squares 10x10 km.
178
vol. 38 (1)
by a mixed chorological composition of lora, with high
percentages of endemics of all chorological groups, except
Pontic.
Such mixed composition of lora is largely a
consequence of the complex genesis of lora during the
Neogene.
DIsCUssION AND CONClUsIONs
Based on data gathered from the vast quantity of
taxonomical and phytocoenological literature, ield
research and reviews of Herbarium collections, 298
Balkan endemic taxa were found to occur at the species
and subspecies ranks in B&H.
he largest number of endemics belonged to the
South-European Mountainous chorological group (SEM)
with 112 taxa, 38% of the endemic Balkan lora in B&H,
followed by the Mediterranean–Subediterranean group
(MED-SUBMED) with 77 taxa (26%), Central-European
Mountainous group (CEM) with 69 taxa (23%), CentralEuropean (CE) with 34 taxa (11%) and Pontic (PONT)
with six taxa (2%).
he SEM chorological group was composed of Dinaric
and Dinaric-Balkan elements that participated with 22.5%
and 15.1%, respectively, of the total chorological spectrum
of endemic lora in B&H. hese are taxa phylogenetically
connected with the closest vicarious relatives on
mountains of S. Europe (S. Alps, Apennines, mountains of
Greece, Asia Minor, even the Iberian Peninsula). hese are
oten isolated paleo-endemic species that give a particular
‘signature’ to the lora of the Dinaric Alps. Such species are
Amphoricarpos neumayeri, A. autariatus, Sibiraea croatica,
Veronica saturejoides, Moltkia petraea, Arenaria gracilis,
Euphorbia capitulata, Daphne malyana, Edraianthus
serpyllifolius, Campanula waldsteiniana, Micromeria
croatica, Anthyllis aurea, Pimpinella serbica, Cephalaria
pastricensis, etc.
he CEM group also included Dinaric and DinaricBalkan elements that participated with almost equal
shares of 10.7% and 12.4%, respectively, in the overall
chorological spectrum of endemic Balkan lora of B&H.
hose taxa are vicarious with relatives on mountains
of C. Europe, primarily the Alps and Carpathians. Such
species are Primula kitaibeliana, Oxytropis dinarica subsp.
dinarica, O. prenja, Astragalus ialae, Arabis scopoliana,
Asperula wettsteinii, Cerastium dinaricum, Minuartia
handelii, Lonicera formanekiana subsp. hectoderma, Lilium
albanicum, Saxifraga prenja, Petasites doerleri, Knautia
travnicensis, etc.
Within the MED-SUBMED group, the largest subgroup
was Balkan-Submediteranean (Balk-submed) with 42
taxa, 15% of endemic Balkan lora in B&H. Among the
endemic taxa from this group, a signiicant number is
paleoendemics such as Silene reichenbachii, Heliosperma
retzdoriana, H. tommasinii, Dianthus nikolae, Salvia
brachyodon, Micromeria kerneri, Petteria ramentacea,
Seseli globiferum, etc. In second place came endemics of
the Mediterranean – Submediterranean – subcontinental
subgroup with 20 taxa, 6.7% of the total spectrum. hese
were the species either with the widest dispersion, which
in addition to the Balkan Mediterranean coastal area and
hinterland, were distributed also on thermophilous habitats
of the inland of the Peninsula (Trifolium dalmaticum, T.
pignantii, Sideritis purpurea, Chaerophyllum coloratum,
Cephalaria lava subsp. lava etc.) or were distributed in the
Adriatic basin, reaching to the inside of the western part of
the Peninsula (Moltkia petraea, Teucrium ardunii, Stachys
serbica, Helleborus multiidus subsp. multiidus, Asperula
scutellaris, etc.). he Subcontinental subgroup comprised
15 taxa, 5% of the overall spectrum. Some species from
this group may be considered ancient Mediterranean
elements that are exclusively distributed on thermophilous
limestone or serpentine habitats in the inner part of the
Peninsula. Such species on serpentines were, e.g. Potentilla
visianii, Fumana bonapartei, Gypsophila spergulifolia,
Haplophyllum boisserianum, Viola beckiana, etc., and on
limestone Symphyandra hofmannii, Eryngium palmatum,
Onosma stelullata, Asperula scutellaris, Helleborus
multiidus subsp. multiidus, Teucrium arduinii, etc.
he Central-European group (CE) was represented
by Illyrian and Illyrian-Balkan elements that participated
with 25 taxa (8.4%) and nine taxa (3%), respectively, in
the overall chorological spectrum of endemic lora in
B&H. hose species were characterized by phylogenetical
relations with central European lora elements. Most of the
endemic taxa from this group are of hybrid origin within
the complex Hieracium murorum and H. biidum.
he number of endemic taxa from the PONT group
was very small, which were mainly related to species
that inhabit warm, steppe-like habitats on limestone or
serpentine. Such species are Onosma pseudoarenaria
subsp. fallax, Pulsatilla velezensis, Peucedanum neumayeri,
Chamaecytisus maezius, Ranunculus psilostachys and
Polygonum albanicum.
he analysis of geographical distribution, diversity and
number of endemic taxa indicate the centers of Balkan
endemic lora in B&H. Analyzing geographic distribution
of diversity and number of endemic taxa, we determined
the centers of endemic lora in BiH.hese are, irst and
foremost, mountain areas of the Prenj sector, Prenj,
Čvrsnica, Čabulja (125 taxa), mountains south of Sarajevo
between the Neretva and Bosna rivers, such as Bjelašnica,
Treskavica, Igman, Ivan, Rakitnica (109 taxa), mountains
of the Durmitor sector, Maglić, Sutjeska, Volujak, Vučevo
(99 taxa), and the mountains Trebević and Jahorina (76
taxa), Orjenand Bijelagora (76), Velež (70), which could
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina 179
be considered as the most signiicant centers of diversity
Balkans endemic lora on the territory of B&H. Besides
these mountains, Dinara (52 taxa), Zelengora (50), Vranica
(47 taxa) and Vlašić (38 taxa) are also mountains with high
diversity of endemic lora in B&H. Only around half the
number of endemic taxa were recorded on the mountains
of W. Bosnia, such as Klekovača (25 taxa), Vitorog (21),
Osječenica (17) and Grmeč (7). Particularly interesting
areas in B&H were around Višegrad (64) and Rudo (21) in
eastern Bosnia and surroundings of Zavidovići in central
Bosnia (24), mostly due to rich endemic serpentine lora.
We assume that such diferences in the number of endemic
species between particular mountains and mountain
groups were derived from unevenness of their loristic
exploration. he signiicant number of MGRS squares
without any recorded endemic taxa undoubtedly supports
this. his is more likely an indicator of their insuicient
exploration, rather than the absence of any endemic
species in these quadrants. he only exception was the
northern plains of Bosnia, where endemic taxa were really
missing.
Bearing in mind orophytic Balkan endemic lora in
B&H as a whole, the ratio of the number of taxa between
SEM and CEM groups is particularly important. Taxa from
both groups were present on almost all high mountains in
B&H, but in diferent numbers. he domination of SEM
in relation to CEM representatives has been determined
on many mountains, particularly in Herzegovina and the
Maritime Dinarides. hus, on Čvrsnica Mt. that ratio was
38 (SEM) vs 22 (CEM); Čabulja (21 vs 9), Prenj (43 vs 29)
Orjen (36 vs 14), Velež (35 vs 15). Going towards the inner
Dinarides, that ratio gradually changed, so on Treskavica
it was 30 (SEM) vs 25(CEM), Bjelašnica (30 vs 28), Volujak
(13 vs 9) and was equal on Maglić (26 vs 26). his ratio
changed in favor of CEM species in the inner chain and
western Dinarides in B&H, so on Klekovača the ratio was
14 (CEM) vs 8 (SEM), Vranica (25 vs 10), Vlašić (20 vs
12), Jahorina (27 vs 20), Romanija (15 vs 6), Vitorog (11
vs 4), etc. he relation of SEM and CEM endemic species
is an important indicator in the border of phytochoria of
the subregion rank in the western part of the Peninsula,
more precisely Alpine-High Nordic and south European
mountain subregions. his analysis once again showed
that the Dinaric mountains are characterized by a mixed
composition of orophytic lora and a wide zone where
CEM and SEM subregions overlap. Indeed, only an outside
line of limestone Dinaric Alps under strong Mediterranean
inluences would belong to the SEM subregion, while the
inner line and western parts of the Dinaric Mts. would be
included in the CEM subregion. his kind of demarcation
of SEM and CEM subregions in the western part of the
Peninsula is in line with previous analyses that included
endemic and non-endemic orophytic elements on the
whole Balkan peninsula (Stevanović 1996).
Also, demarcation of the Central European region
(CE), i.e. Illyric subregion from the Mediterranean –
Submediterranean region (MED-SUBMED) (Adriatic
province), based on the distribution of endemic Balkan
lora is far more precise and in general corresponds to
earlier established borders between these two phytochoria,
given by Horvatet al. (1974).
It is important to point out that a large number of
endemic Balkans taxa is represented on the territory of
B&H, which make a signiicant and speciic part of the
total vascular lora of the Dinaric Alps. he large number
of steno-, local- and regional-endemics of diferent age and
origin in all chorological groups, conirm the fact that the
Dinaric mountains are an important center of lorogenesis
in S.E. Europe. A comparatively large number of endemic
taxa of wider Adriatic-Ionian-Aegean distribution within
the MED-SUBMED group and Dinaric-Balkan ranges
from the SEM and CEM groups indicate interconnections
between the Adriatic, Illyrian and Dinaric lora with other
parts of the Balkan Peninsula. his is, undoubtedly, related
to processes of genesis of the lora during the Neogene,
particularly with the complex Pleistocene Ice Age, with
glacial and interglacial periods, that strongly impacted on
the isolation and speciation of populations of ancestral
species, as well as on migration processes which spread the
species toward the Peninsula from surrounding mountain
and Mediterranean or/and oten distant territories (Boral
and Pontic regions) and vice versa.
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vol. 38 (1)
184
rezIMe
Horološka karakterizacija i distribucija balkanske
endemične lore u Bosni i Hercegovini
Biljana Lubarda, Vladimir Stupar, Đorđije Milanović, Vladimir Stevanović
N
a teritoriji Bosne I Hercegovine utvrđeno je prisustvo 298 endemičnih taksona u rangu vrste I podvrsta. Za
svaki takson određena je njegova pripadanost odgovarajućoj horološku grupi, podgrupi i lornom elementu.
Osnovnu horološku strukturu balkanske enedmične lore u BiH čine 5 glavnih grupa: Južnoevropska planinska
(SEM) sa 112 taksona ili 38% ukupne endemične lore u BiH, Mediteransko-submediteranska (MED-SUBMED)
sa 77 taksona (26%), Centralnoevropska planinska sa 69 taksona (23%), Centralnoevropska (CE) sa 34 taksona
(11%) i Pontska sa 6 taksona (2%). U okviru SEM I CEM grupe najbrojniji su dinarski i dinarsko-balkanski, u
MED-SUBMED grupi jadransko-submediteranski, dok u CE grupi to su ilirski i ilirsko-balkanski lorni elementi.
Rasprostranjenje svakog endemičnog taksona kartirano je na MGRS mreži 10 x 10 km. Bogatstvo balkanske
endemične lore u BiH predstavljeno je brojem taksona ranga vrsta i podvrsta u svakom MGRS kvadratu veličine
10x10 km. Na isti način je prikazano bogatstvo i distribucija taksona koji pripadaju osnovnim horološkim grupama.
Utvrđeno je da su visoke planine severne Hercegovine (Prenj, Čvrsnica, Čabulja) najbogatije endemičnim biljkama
(125 taksona), zatim slede planine Bjelašnica, Treskavica, Ivan, zajedno sa kanjonom reke Rakitnice (109 taxa) i
granične planine sa Crnom Gorom - Maglić i Volujak sa kanjonom reke Sutjeske (99 taxa). Pojedinačne planine sa
najbogatijom endemičnom lorom su Prenj (99), Čvrsnica (78), Orjen (74), Velež (70), Treskavica (63), Maglić (58),
Dinara (52) itd. Horološke analize su pokazale da je najveći broj endemičnih biljaka SEM grupe rasprostranjen na
primorskim Dinaridima Hercegovine, dok su endemiti iz CEM grupe najbrojniji na planinskom lancu untrašnjih
Dinarida. Takođe je utvrđeno da skoro sve visoke planine u BiH imaju mešoviti karakter endemične oroitske lore
u kome učestvuju u različitim odnosima SEM i CEM elementi. Rasprostranjenje MED-SUBMED i CE elemenata
poklapa se sa linijom razgraničenja Mediteranskog i Centralnoevropskog regiona. Posebno je razmatrano prisustvo
drevnih mediteranskih endemičnih elemenata na serpentinitima centralne istočne Bosne.
Ključne reči: Bosna i Hercegovina, Balkanska endemična lora, horološka struktura lore, lorni elementi.
taxon (species or/and subspecies)
Chorological subgroup
Floristic element
Asclepiadaceae
Vincetoxicum huteri Vis. et Ascherson
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus hercegovinus K. Malý
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus murbeckii Wettst.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus niveus Beck
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus sutjeskae Lakušić
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Campanulaceae
Campanula hercegovina Degen & Fiala
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus serpyllifolius (Vis.) A. DC.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus montenegrinus Horák
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Campanulaceae
Campanula waldsteiniana Schult.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W)
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus croaticus A. Kern.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-C)
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus caricinus Schott
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus jugoslavicus Lakušić
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(moes(W))
Campanulaceae
Asyneuma pichleri (Vis.) D. Lakušić & F. Conti (Asyneuma trichocalycinum - auct. balc.)
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-(krit))
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera glutinosa Vis.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Caryophyllaceae
Dianthus freynii Vandas
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium malyi (Georgiev) Niketić subsp. serpentini (Novák) Niketić
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Caryophyllaceae
Dianthus integer Vis. subsp. integer
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Caryophyllaceae
Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen subsp. nodosus (Tausch) Hayek
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Caryophyllaceae
Heliosperma monachorum Vis. & Pančić
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Caryophyllaceae
Heliosperma pussila (Waldst. & Kit.) subsp. malyi (Neumayer) Greuter & Burdet
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W)
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria gracilis Waldst. & Kit.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Caryophyllaceae
Silene sendtneri Boiss.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(moes(W))
Caryophyllaceae
Minuartia bosniaca (Beck) K. Malý
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium malyi (Georgiev) Niketić subsp. malyi
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-E))
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium rectum Friv. subsp. rectum
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-E))
Caryophyllaceae
Dianthus cruentus Griseb. subsp. cruentus
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-E))
Caryophyllaceae
Minuartia clandestina (Port.) Trinajstić
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Family
Chorologicalgroup
Appendix 1.
Chorological subgroup
Floristic element
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind (N-S)-moes(W))
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium decalvans Schloss. & Vuk. subsp. decalvans
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Compositae
Hieracium chalcidicum Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. divaricatum (Fr.) Greuter
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Compositae
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Compositae
Hieracium grossianum Zahn
Hieracium pilosissimus Friv. subsp. pilosissimum= Hieracium chalcidicum Boiss. & Heldr.
subsp. divaricatum (Fr.) Greuter
Leucanthemum chloroticum Kerner & Murbeck
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Compositae
Hieracium albanicum Freyn
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Compositae
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Compositae
Hieracium andrasovszkyi Zahn subsp. euglabratisimile O. Behr & Zahn
Hieracium stirovacense Degen & Zahn subsp. miriicissimum (Rohlena & Zahn) Greuter
= Hieracium miriicissimum Rohlena & Zahn
Hieracium plumulosum A. Kerner
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Compositae
Hieracium waldsteinii Tausch subsp. nipholeucum Zahn
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Compositae
Reichardia macrophylla Vis. & Pančić
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Compositae
Senecio thapsoides DC. subsp. visianianus (Vis.) Vandas
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Compositae
Amphoricarpos neumayeri Vis.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Centaurea derventana Vis. & Pančić
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Centaurea incompta Vis.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Hieracium calophyllum R. Uechtr.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Hieracium guglerianum Zahn subsp. guglerianum
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Hieracium pichleri A. Kern. subsp. pichleri
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Compositae
Chorologicalgroup
Cerastium decalvans Schlosser & Vuk. subsp. leontopodium (Stoj. & Stefanov) Niketić
Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen subsp. bertisceus Rech. il.
taxon (species or/and subspecies)
Compositae
Hieracium scheppigianum Freyn
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Hieracium suborieni (Zahn) P. D. Sell & C. West
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Cerastium grandilorum Waldst. & Kit.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Compositae
Hieracium brevilanosum Degen & Zahn
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Compositae
Leucanthemum visianii (Gjurašin) Vogt & Greuter
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Compositae
Hieracium brandisii Freyn
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Compositae
Hieracium coloriscapum Rohlena & Zahn
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Compositae
Hieracium guentheri-beckii Zahn
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Compositae
Hieracium pichleri A. Kerner subsp. adamovicii Sagorski & Zahn
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
vol. 38 (1)
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae
Family
Compositae
Hieracium bosniacum Freyn
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Compositae
Hieracium thapsiforme Ascherson & Kanitz
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Compositae
Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Compositae
Amphoricarpos autariatus Blečič & E. Mayer
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Gnaphalium roeseri Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. pichleri (Murb.) Hayek
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Hieracium gymnocephalum Pant.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Compositae
Hieracium friwaldii Reichenb. il.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W))
Compositae
Achillea ageratifolia (Sm.) Benth. & Hooker il. subsp. serbica (Nyman) Heimerl
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Compositae
Hieracium heterogynum (Froelich) Gutermann subsp. heterogynum
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Compositae
Hieracium baldaccianum Bald.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Cruciferae
Aubrieta columnae Guss. subsp. croatica (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Mattf.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Cruciferae
Aurinia corymbosa Griseb.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W))
Cruciferae
Erysimum linarifolium Tausch
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Cruciferae
Cardamine carnosa Waldst. & Kit.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S))
Dipsacaceae
Cephalaria pastricensis Dörl. & Hayek
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia montenegrina (Bald.) K. Malý
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia capitulata Rchb.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Gramineae
Sesleria insularis Sommier subsp. sillingeri (Deyl) Deyl= S. paparistoi Ujhely
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Gramineae
Sesleria serbica (Adamović) Ujhelyi
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Gramineae
Avenula blavii (Ascherson & Janka) W. Sauer & Chmelitschek
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Gramineae
Sesleria ujhelyii Strgar
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Gramineae
Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schultes subsp. angustifolia (Hackel & G. Beck) Deyl
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W)
Gramineae
Sesleria robusta Schott subsp. robusta
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Gramineae
Sesleria latifolia (Adamović) Degen
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E))
Iridaceae
Iris bosniaca Beck
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Iridaceae
Iris orjenii Bräuchler& Cikovac
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Labiatae
Micromeria croatica (Pres.) Schott.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Labiatae
Satureja subspicata Bartl. ex Vis. subsp. subspicata
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Labiatae
Stachys anisochila Vis. & Pančić
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Labiatae
Stachys recta L. subsp. baldaccii (K. Malý) Hayek (incl. S. chrysophaea Pančić)
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Labiatae
Stachys recta L. subsp. subcrenata (Vis.) Briquet
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Labiatae
Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench subsp. dinaricus Šilić
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Labiatae
Stachys scardica (Griseb.) Hayek
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W))
Liliaceae
Scilla lakusicii Šilić
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Liliaceae
Fritillaria gracilis (Ebel) Asch. & Graebn. subsp. gracilis
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Liliaceae
Allium phthioticum Boiss. & Heldr.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S))
Linaceae
Linum elegans Spruner ex Boiss.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W)
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Compositae
Compositae
Floristic element
Papilionaceae
Chamaecytisus thomasinii (Vis.) Rothm.
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W))
Papilionaceae
Anthyllis aurea Host
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W))
Ranunculaceae
Aquilegia nikolicii Niketić & Cikovac
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Rosaceae
Sibiraea croatica Degen
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-C)
Rosaceae
Potentilla speciosa Willd. subsp. illyrica Soják
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Rubiaceae
Asperula hercegovina Degen
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Santalaceae
hesium auriculatum Vandas
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica saturejoides Vis.
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum durmitoreum Rohlena
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum nicolai Rohlena
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum baldaccii Degen
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
hymeleaceae
Daphne malyana Blečić
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Umbelliferae
Bunium alpinum Waldst. & Kit. subsp. alpinum
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Umbelliferae
Pimpinella serbica (Vis.) Drude
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Umbelliferae
Athamanta turbith (L.) Broth subsp. haynaldii (Borbás & R. Uechtr.) Tutin
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Violaceae
Viola prenja Beck
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Violaceae
Viola polyodonta W. Becker
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Violaceae
Viola chelmea Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. vratnikensis Gáyer & Degen
SEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-C)
Violaceae
Viola elegantula Schott
SEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Aceraceae
Acer hyrcanum Fischer & C. A. Meyer subsp. intermedium (Pančić) Bornm.
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-E))
Caprifoliaceae
Viburnum maculatum Pant.
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Compositae
Centaurea nigrescens Willd. subsp. smolinensis (Hayek) Dostál
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Compositae
Hieracium austroslavicum K. Malý & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Compositae
Hieracium biidum Hornem. subsp. polytricholepium Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Compositae
Hieracium melanothyrsum K. Malý & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Compositae
Hieracium biidum Hornem. subsp. stenolepidotropum K. Malý & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Compositae
Hieracium macrodon Nägeli & Peter
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Compositae
Centaurea stenolepis A. Kerner subsp. bosniaca (Murb.) Dostál
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
vol. 38 (1)
Chorological subgroup
taxon (species or/and subspecies)
Chorologicalgroup
Family
Compositae
Hieracium biidum Hornem. subsp. caesiotropum K. Malý & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Compositae
Hieracium bjeluschae K. Malý & Zahn subsp. barathron K. Malý & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Compositae
Hieracium macrodontoides (Zahn) Zahn subsp. macrodontoides
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Hieracium praecurrens Vuk. subsp. megaladenophyes K. Malý & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Hieracium bjeluschae K. Malý & Zahn subsp. bjeluschae
CE
Illyr
Illyr(E)
Compositae
Hieracium bjeluschae K. Malý & Zahn subsp. melacense K. Malý & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(E)
Compositae
Hieracium macutense K. Malý & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(E)
Compositae
Hieracium pseudotommasinii Rohlena & Zahn
CE
Illyr
Illyr(W-E)
Compositae
Hieracium tommasinii Reichenb. il. subsp. tommasinii
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Compositae
Hieracium tommasinii Reichenb. subsp. steosissimum NP
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Compositae
Hieracium pseudobiidum Schur subsp. stenolepioides (Zahn) Zahn
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W)
Compositae
Lactuca visianii Bornm.
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E))
Cruciferae
Barbarea bosniaca Murb.
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Dipsacaceae
Knautia dinarica (Murb.) Borbás subsp. dinarica
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia gregersenii K. Malý
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Pančić
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia pancicii Beck
CE
Illyr
Illyr(E)
Fumariaceae
Corydalis blanda Schott subsp. blanda
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Fumariaceae
Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. subsp. incisa Lidén
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-C))
Gramineae
Bromus moellendorianus (Ascherson & Graebner) Hayek
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C)
Papilionaceae
Lathyrus binatus Pančić
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Papilionaceae
Trifolium medium L. subsp. balcanicum Velen.
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E))
Scrophulariaceae
Melampyrum hoermannianum K. Malý
CE
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Scrophularia bosniaca Beck
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Umbelliferae
Peucedanum aegopodioides (Boiss.) Vandas
CE
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-C)
Aceraceae
Acer heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W))
Boraginaceae
Myosotis suaveolens Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E))
Campanulaceae
Campanula moesiaca Velen.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-E)))
Campanulaceae
Phyteuma pseudorbiculare Pant.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W))
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera formanekiana Halácsy subsp. hectoderma Blečić & E. Mayer
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera borbasiana (Kuntze) Degen
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Caryophyllaceae
Minuartia handelii Mattf.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium dinaricum Beck & Szysz.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Compositae
Centaurea murbeckii Hayek
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Compositae
Hieracium incisiceps Rohlena & Zahn
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Compositae
Petasites doerleri Hayek
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Compositae
Compositae
Chorologicalgroup
Chorological subgroup
Compositae
Senecio hercynicus Herborg subsp. durmitorensis Herborg
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Compositae
Tephroseris crassifolia (Schult.) Griseb. & Schenk
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Compositae
Lactuca pancicii (Vis.) N. Kilian & Greuter
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Compositae
Hieracium naegelianum Pančić subsp. naegelianum
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W))
Compositae
Hieracium sparsum Friv. subsp. subsparsilorum (Degen & Zahn) Zahn
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(moes(W))
Compositae
Tephroseris papposa (Reichenb.) Schur. subsp. wagneri (Degen) B. Nord.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-C))
Compositae
Hypochaeris maculata L. subsp. pelivanovicii (Velen.) Hayek
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-E))
Compositae
Senecio hercynicus Herborg subsp. dalmaticus (Griseb.) Greuter
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W-C)
Cruciferae
Arabis scopoliana Boiss.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Cruciferae
Alyssum scardicum Wettst.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes (W))
Cruciferae
Barbarea balcana Pančić
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Cruciferae
Hesperis dinarica Beck
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E))
Dipsacaceae
Knautia travnicensis (Beck) Szabó
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Dipsacaceae
Knautia sarajevensis (Beck) Szabó
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Dipsacaceae
Knautia pancicii Szabó
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Dipsacaceae
Knautia midzorensis Formánek
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sk pind(N-S)-moes(W-C))
Gentianaceae
Gentiana verna L. subsp. tergestina (Beck) Hayek
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))-moes(W))
Gramineae
Festuca malyi Widder
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Gramineae
Festuca bosniaca Kumm. & Sendtn. subsp. chloranta (Beck) Markgr.-Dann.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Gramineae
Festuca macranthera (Beck) Markgr.-Dannenb.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Gramineae
Festuca amethystina L. subsp. kummeri (Beck) Markgr.-Dann.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(moes(W))
Gramineae
Festuca korabensis (Jáv. ex Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Labiatae
Stachys alpina L. subsp. dinarica Murb.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(moes(W))
Lentibulariaceae
Pinguicula balcanica Casper subsp. balcanica
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-E))
Liliaceae
Lilium albanicum Griseb. (incl. L. bosniacum Beck)
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Linaceae
Linum capitatum Kit. ex Schultes subsp. capitatum
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E))
Orchidaceae
Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries) Soó subsp. bosniaca (Beck) Soó
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Papilionaceae
Astragalus ialae Degen
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Papilionaceae
Oxytropis prenja (Beck) Beck
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind (N-C)
Floristic element
taxon (species or/and subspecies)
vol. 38 (1)
Family
Oxytropis dinarica (Murb.) Wettst. subsp. dinarica
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Papilionaceae
Vicia montenegrina Rohlena
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Papilionaceae
Onobrychis montana DC. subsp. scardica (Griseb.) P. W. Ball
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W))
Pinaceae
Picea omorika (Pančić) Purkynê
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Plantaginaceae
Plantago reniformis Beck
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Polygalaceae
Polygala alpestris Reichenb. subsp. croatica (Chodat) Hayek
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Primulaceae
Primula kitaibeliana Schott.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-C)
Ranunculaceae
Aquilegia dinarica Beck
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Ranunculaceae
Aquilegia grata F. Maly ex Zimmeter subsp. grata
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(E)
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus concinnatus Schott (incl. R. croaticus Schott)
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Rosaceae
Alchemilla vranicensis Pawl.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Rosaceae
Alchemilla amphiargyrea Buser
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)
Rosaceae
Geum bulgaricum Pančić
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(moes(SW))
Rosaceae
Potentilla montenegrina Pant.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(SW))
Rosaceae
Alchemilla lanuginosa Rothm.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W))
Rubiaceae
Asperula wettsteinii Adamović
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga prenja Beck
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga blavii (Engler) Beck
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Scrophulariaceae
Rhinanthus dinaricus Murb.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Scrophulariaceae
Rhinanthus illyricus (Beck & Sterneck) Soó
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C)
Scrophulariaceae
Euphrasia dinarica (Beck) Murb.
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis heterodonta Pančić
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis malyi Janka
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Rhinanthus asperulus (Murb.) Soó
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(C-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis brachyodonta Schlosser & Vuk. subsp. brachyodonta
CEM
Dinar
Dinar(W-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis grisebachii Wettst.
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis hoermanniana K. Malý
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E))
Scrophulariaceae
Melampyrum trichocalycinum Vandas
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)
Valerianaceae
Valeriana bertiscea Pančić
CEM
Dinar-Balk
Dinar(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S))
Aceraceae
Acer obtusatum Willd. subsp. opuloideum K. Malý
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N)-Illyr(W-C)
Araceae
Arum petteri Schott
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Asclepiadaceae
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medicus subsp. adriaticum (Beck) Markgraf
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Papilionaceae
Boraginaceae
Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss.) Dörl.
Boraginaceae
Onosma stellulata Waldst. & Kit.
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus dalmaticus (A.DC.) A. DC.
Campanulaceae
Symphyandra hofmannii Pant.
Campanulaceae
Campanula portenschlagiana Schult.
Campanulaceae
Edraianthus tenuifolius (Waldst. & Kit.) A. DC.
Caryophyllaceae
Gypsophila spergulifolia Griseb.
Caryophyllaceae
Heliosperma retzdoriana K. Malý
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium ligusticum Viv. subsp. trichogynum Möschl) P. D. Sell & Whitehead
Caryophyllaceae
Dianthus ciliatus Guss. subsp. dalmaticus (Čelak.) Hayek
Caryophyllaceae
Silene reichenbachii Vis.
Caryophyllaceae
Dianthus knappii (Pant.) Borbás
Caryophyllaceae
Heliosperma tommasinii (Vis.) Reichenb.
Cistaceae
Fumana bonapartei Maire & Petitm.
Compositae
Cyanus tuberosus (Vis.) Soják
Compositae
Centaurea glaberrima Tausch
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
Floristic element
Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Gris.
Chorological subgroup
Boraginaceae
Chorologicalgroup
taxon (species or/and subspecies)
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(C-S)-Illyr(C-SE)-Balk(sc-pind)
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N-C)-Illyr(C-E)
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(S)
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(S)-Illyr(C)-Balk(moes(SW))
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
vol. 38 (1)
Family
Crepis pantocsekii (Vis.) Latzel
Compositae
Klasea radiata (Waldst. & Kit.) Á. Löve & D. Löve subsp. cetinjensis (Rohlena) Greuter
& Wagenitz
Compositae
Tanacetum cinerarifolium (Trev.) Schultz.-Bip.
Compositae
Centaurea nicolae Bald.
Cruciferae
Alyssum moellendorianum Ascherson ex Beck
Cruciferae
Cardamine ialae Fritsch
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C)
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(C)-Aeg(N)-Maced-hrac(NW)Balk(moes(SW-C)
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Balk(subcont)
IllyrW-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(C)-Illyr(C-SE)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Dipsacaceae
Cephalaria lava (Sibth. & Sm.) Szabó subsp. lava
Dipsacaceae
Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pančić
Dipsacaceae
Knautia clementii (Beck) Ehrenb.
Dipsacaceae
Knautia albanica Briq.
Dipsacaceae
Knautia visianii Szabó
Dipsacaceae
Succisella petteri (J. Kerner & Murb.) Beck
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia glabrilora Vis.
Fumariaceae
Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén subsp. leiosperma (P. Conrath) Lidén
Fumariaceae
Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén subsp. acaulis (Wulfen) Lidén
Gramineae
Festuca hercegovinica Markgr. - Dannenb.
Iridaceae
Crocus dalmaticus Vis.
Iridaceae
Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić
Labiatae
Stachys serbica Pančić
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(C)-Maced-thrac(W)-Balk(moes(W)Ion(N)-Aeg(N)
Labiatae
Teucrium arduinii L.
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N-S)-Illyr(C-E)
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Compositae
Labiatae
Salvia sonklari Pant.
Labiatae
hymus jankae Čelak.
Labiatae
Acinos orontius (K. Malý) Šilić
Labiatae
Acinos majoranifolius (Mill.) Šilić
Labiatae
Micromeria dalmatica Benthem
Labiatae
Micromeria parvilora (Vis.) Reichenb.
Labiatae
Salvia brachyodon Vandas
Labiatae
Micromeria kerneri Murbeck
Labiatae
Stachys oicinalis (L.) Trevisan subsp. velebitica (A. Kerner) Hayek
Labiatae
hymus bracteosus Vis. ex Bentham
Labiatae
Satureja horvatii Šilić
Liliaceae
Allium guttatum Steven subsp. dalmaticum (A. Kerner ex Janchen) Stearn
Liliaceae
Floristic element
Sideritis purpurea Talbot ex Benth.
Chorological subgroup
Labiatae
Chorologicalgroup
taxon (species or/and subspecies)
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N-S)-Ion(N-S)-Aeg(W-S)-Balk(scpind(N-S)))
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C)
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W))
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(S)
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N-S)-Aeg(C-S)-Balk(moes(W)
Scilla litarderei Breistr.
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N-S)-Illyr(W-C)
Liliaceae
Hyacinthella dalmatica Chouard
MEDSUBMED
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Papilionaceae
Trifolium dalmaticum Vis.
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N-S)-Ion(N-S)-Illyr(W-E)-Balk(scpind(N-S)-moes(W-E))
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
vol. 38 (1)
Family
Trifolium pignantii Fauché & Chaub.
Papilionaceae
Genista sylvestris Scop. subsp. dalmatica (Bartl.) H. Lindb.
Papilionaceae
Petteria ramentacea (Sieber) C. Presl
Papilionaceae
Vicia ochroleuca Ten. subsp. dinara (Borbas)K. Malý ex Rohlena
Ranunculaceae
Helleborus multiidus Vis. subsp. multiidus
Rhamnaceae
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(SE)-Ion-Aeg(N)-Illyr(C-SE)-Balk(scpind(N-S)-moes(W))
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(W-S)-Illyr(W-E)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)-Ion(N)
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(C-S)-Illyr(W-E)
Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm.
MEDSUBMED
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)-Maced-hrac(W)
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus intermedius Steud. & Hochst.
MEDSUBMED
Balk(submed)
Adriat(N-S)
Rosaceae
Potentilla visianii Pančić
MEDSUBMED
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Rubiaceae
Asperula scutellaris Vis.
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(C-S)-Illyr(C-E)-Maced(SW))
Rubiaceae
Galium irmum Tausch
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Rutaceae
Haplophyllum boisserianum Vis. & Pančić
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Scrophulariaceae
Linaria rubioides Vis. & Pančić subsp. rubioides
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C-E)
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum bosnense K. Malý
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Scrophulariaceae
Scrophularia tristis (K. Malý) Šilić
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N))
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum niveum Ten. subsp. visianianum (Reichaub.) Murb.
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Umbelliferae
Bupleurum karglii Vis.
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N-S)-Ion(N)-Illyr(W-E)
Umbelliferae
Chaerophyllum coloratum L.
MEDSUBMED
Balk(medsubmedsubcont)
Adriat(N-SE)-Illyr(C-E)
Umbelliferae
Eryngium palmatum Pančić & Vis.
Balk(subcont)
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N)-moes(W))
Umbelliferae
Seseli globiferum Vis.
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
Umbelliferae
Seseli tomentosum Vis.
Balk(submed)
Adriat(C-S)
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
MEDSUBMED
B. lubarda et al: Chorological characterization and distribution of the Balkan endemic vascular lora in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Papilionaceae
MEDSUBMED
Chorological subgroup
Floristic element
Illyr(C)
Onosma pseudoarenaria Schur subsp. fallax (Borbás) Rauschert
PONT
Illyr
Illyr(C-E)
Papilionaceae
Chamaecytisus maezeius K. Malý (Ch. heufelii (Griseb. & Schenk) Rothm.
var. maezeius K. Malý
PONT
Illyr
Illyr(N-E)
Polygonaceae
Polygonum albanicum Jáv.
PONT
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(C-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C))
Ranunculaceae
Pulsatilla velezensis (Beck) Aichele & Schwegler
PONT
Illyr
Illyr(W-C)
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus psilostachys Griseb.
PONT
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-S)-moes(W-C))
Umbelliferae
Peucedanum neumayeri (Vis.) Reichenb. il.
PONT
Illyr-Balk
Illyr(W-E)-Balk(sc-pind(N-C)-moes(W-E))
Violaceae
Viola beckiana Fiala
Boraginaceae
Chorologicalgroup
Balk(subcont)
taxon (species or/and subspecies)
Abbrevaiations: CE-Central European; CEM-Central European mountainous; MED-SUBMED-Mediterranean-submediterranean; PONT-Pontic; SEM-South European mountainous;
Dinar-Dinaric mountains; Balk-Balkan (for SEM and CEM group it refer to Balkan mountains); Illyr-Illyrian;
Sc-pind-Scardo-Pindhic; moes-Moesian; Maced-hrac-Macedonian-hracian; Adriat-Adriatic; Ion-Ionian; Aeg-Aegean, N-north, C-central, E-east; S-south; W-west.
vol. 38 (1)
MEDSUBMED
Family