A preliminary lichen checklist for Iran

Matthias Schultz

The lichenized mycota of the southern part of Iran including Kerman province has been poorly studied compared to the Northern Iranian provinces such as Azerbaijan, Golestan or Mazandaran. Here we present the first lichen checklist for Kerman province, which comprises 57 species in 30 genera and 14 families. For this purpose, we reviewed both old and recent literature, examined herbarium collections and performed fieldwork in the province during 2009, 2010 and 2011. The results include 15 taxa new to the lichenized mycota of Kerman. Acarospora impressula Th. Fr., Anaptychia bryorum Poelt and Sarcogyne similis H. Magn. are new to the lichenized mycota of Iran. The following new combinations are proposed: Circinaria excrescens (J. Steiner) Sohrabi, C. scabridula (H. Magn.) Sohrabi and C. straussii (J. Steiner) Sohrabi.

Based on revision of 533 herbarium specimens and literature review, 227 lichenized and 36 lichenicolous fungi belonging to 115 genera and 52 families (including 8 "incertae sedis" taxa) are reported from Arasbaran UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve. In addition, 103 taxa are reported for the first time from Arasbaran. Of these nineteen lichenized fungi and two lichenicolous fungi were not known from Iran before, the lichenized fungi Aspicilia pavimentans, Bryobilimbia hypnorum Caloplaca phaeothamnos, Cetrelia monachorum, Circinaria elmorei, Cladonia borealis, L. populicola, Lecidea auriculata, Pertusaria flavicans, P. pluripuncta, P. pseudocorallina, P. xanthoplaca, Phaeophyscia poeltii, Rinodina trachytica, Scytinium aragonii, Usnea glabrata, Varicellaria lactea, Xanthocarpia tominii, and the lichenicolous fungi Rosellinula haplospora and Telogalla olivieri. ITS rDNA was used to confirm the identity of Lecidea auriculata. The history of floristic study and the diversity of lichen species in the region are briefly discussed.

Based on evaluation of literature and identification of recent collections, 137 species of lichenized fungi are listed for Golestan National Park, NE Iran; of these, one genus and 14 species are first reports for the country.

Willdenowia 34 – 2004 543 doi:10.3372/wi.34.34218 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) MARK R. D. SEAWARD, HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN, MATTHIAS SCHULTZ, ALIASGAR A. MAASSOUMI, MAHROO HAJI MONIRI ANBARAN & MOHAMMAD SOHRABI A preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Abstract Seaward, M. R. D., Sipman, H. J. M., Schultz, M., Maassoumi, A. A., Haji Moniri Anbaran, M. & Sohrabi, M.: A preliminary lichen checklist for Iran. – Willdenowia 34: 543-576. – ISSN 0511-9618; © 2004 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. An evaluation of literature and recent collections made by Iranian researchers resulted in a list of 396 species of lichenized fungi and eight species of lichenicolous or allied fungi for Iran. Of these, 97 species are new for Iran while some species not confirmed by recent collections are doubtful. Pertinent literature references and, for the newly reported species, locality and collection data are presented. Introduction At first glance, the lichen flora of Iran may seem well studied. The first report dates from over 170 years ago, when Göbel (1830) and Eversmann (1831: 357) reported the occurrence of the manna lichen, Aspicilia esculenta, in Iran. The first list of lichens was published by Buhse (1860), when he reported on the collections made on his journey from Russia to northern Iran. Afterwards lichens were regularly collected by European botanists visiting the country, their collections often handed to lichen specialists for identification and treated in several extensive publications (Müller 1892, Steiner 1896, 1910, 1916, Szatala 1940). Szatala (1957) summarized all available information in a treatment of 248 species and added keys. After 1957 collecting continued. A limited enquiry in European herbaria has revealed that a considerable number of unpublished collections exists in H, TUR and W, in part collected by experienced lichenologists. However, the results remained mostly unpublished, except for a collection studied by Weber (1965). Nevertheless, published knowledge of the Iranian lichen flora kept increasing because Iranian specimens were included in taxonomic revisions (e.g. Breuss 1998, Egea 1989, Harris 1989, Knoph 1990, Mayrhofer 1984, Wunder 1974). Since 2001 a small group of Iranian scientists has started to investigate the lichen flora and sent numerous specimens for identification to the non-Iranian authors of this paper. Thus, it became clear that the lichen flora of Iran is in fact poorly known and many old records are in need of verification. Based on results obtained from these collections, a key to the genera has been prepared and made available in the internet (Sipman 2003). The present study intends to summarize all hitherto available information as a baseline for a more detailed investigation of the lichen flora of Iran. 544 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Material and methods For the present checklist, all geographically relevant publications were analysed. In addition, taxonomic studies of groups expected to occur in Iran were screened. A full list of the references examined is appended. The taxa encountered are listed under their most recent name. No effort was made to taxonomically re-examine the herbarium material supporting literature records. Infraspecific taxa for which few current citations are available have been included under the main species, except when there are indications that the taxon merits separate treatment or when the taxonomic position is unclear. No effort was made to improve the author citations of these generally insignificant names. Some taxa that evidently needed transferring to a different genus have been listed provisionally under these names (indicated as “[ad interim]”) without intending validation of the combinations. In the authors’ opinion a re-examination of the type material to clarify its status is required before any formal nomenclatural change is made. A few lichen records have been omitted from the Iranian flora because the boundaries have changed since their publication. This concerns some lichens reported from Bahrain by Lamb (1936), which were included in Szatala (1957): Buellia subalbula var. fuscocapitellata Lamb, Dermatocarpon tumidulum Lamb (as Placidium tumidulum), Ramalina maciformis (Delile) Bory and Xanthoria steineri Lamb. The checklist also includes the first results of recent collections made by A. A. Maassoumi in 2002-03, S. R. Safavi in 2002, M. Sohrabi (in part together with M. Mofid) in 2001-04, M. Haji Moniri (in part together with M. R. Joharchi) in 2002-03 and T. Valad Beigi (in part together with H. Bahadorani) in 2003. From these collections duplicates deposited in B, HBG, TSB and the herbarium of M. R. D. Seaward (abbreviated as herb. Seaward) were investigated; the originals are stored in TARI and SBUH. The specimens were investigated with the usual optical equipment and test solutions, and many foliose and fruticose samples were chemically analysed by TLC (Orange & al. 2001). Checklist The accepted taxa in bold are followed by references from the literature, if any, and references from herbarium specimens seen by us so far. An asterisk (*) after a literature reference denotes first description of the taxon based on type material from Iran. A question mark preceding a name indicates a probable but uncertain synonymy. An asterisk (*) preceding an accepted name indicates a taxon newly reported here from Iran. Synonyms used in published Iranian lichen records are listed in standard italics with reference to the accepted name. The following abbreviations apply: (LF) = lichenicolous fungus, (F) = non-lichenized fungus. Species included in mixed samples, which are filed in the herbarium under another name, are indicated as, e.g., “in Maassoumi & Safavi 1856 sub Lecidea cf. plana”, where the sample is filed under Lecidea cf. plana. Note. – The list contains many doubtful references of taxa, which are probably misidentified or whose current taxonomic position is unclear. Only taxa confirmed by recent specimens or revisions can be considered as reliably recorded. Acarospora anatolica H. Magn. – Szatala (1940: 524; 1957: 121). Acarospora bella var. rageoti (Maheu & Werner) H. Magn. – Szatala (1940: 524; 1957: 121). Acarospora bullata Anzi – Müller (1892: 155* as Placodium microphthalmum); Steiner (1910: 220 as A. microphthalma); Magnusson (1929: 360); Szatala (1940: 524; 1957: 123); Riedl (1979: 220). Acarospora cervina A. Massal. – Müller (1892: 154 as Placodium cervinum & 155 as var. percaenum); Steiner (1910: 216 & 1916: 29 as Acarospora percaena); Magnusson (1929: 247); Szatala (1940: 524 as f. normalis, 525 as f. leucospora & f. percaena; 1957: 122 & as f. mammata, f. normalis & f. percaena). – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Willdenowia 34 – 2004 545 Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1905, 1908, 1909 (TARI). Khorasan: Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on calcareous rock, 9.4.2002, in Haji Moniri 1436c sub Rhizocarpon viridiatrum (B, FUMH). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1841 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112794). Acarospora cervina f. larvata (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn. – Müller (1892: 155* as Placodium cervinum var. larvatum); Steiner (1910: 218 as A. percaena f. larvata); Szatala (1940: 524; 1957: 122). Acarospora cervina f. leucospora A. Massal. = A. cervina Acarospora cervina f. mammata (Hue) H. Magn. = A cervina Acarospora cervina f. normalis A. Massal. = A. cervina Acarospora cervina f. percaena (Schaer.) A. Massal. = A. cervina Acarospora cervina f. theobromina (Hue) H. Magn. = A cervina Acarospora cervina var. ochracea Müll. Arg. = A. ochracea Acarospora chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum Acarospora coeruleoalba var. concreta J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 219*); Magnusson (1929: 210); Szatala (1940: 525; 1957: 122). Acarospora compacta H. Magn. – Szatala (1940: 525*; 1957: 122); Lamb (1963: 3). Acarospora elbursensis H. Magn. – Szatala (1940: 526*; 1957: 123); Lamb (1963: 3). Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Th. Fr. – Oxner (1946: 82); Szatala (1957: 123). Acarospora glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körb. – Oxner (1946: 83). Acarospora heufleriana Körb. – Oxner (1946: 82). Acarospora interrupta var. nuda (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner = A. placenta Acarospora laqueata Stizenb. – Sohrabi (in prep.). Acarospora macrospora (Hepp ex A. Massal.) Bagl. – Szatala (1957: 123). Acarospora microphthalma Hue = Acarospora bullata Acarospora murorum A. Massal. – Szatala (1957: 123). – Khuzestan: C. 27 km on the road from Behbahan to Deylam, 270 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1758 (B, TARI). Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue – Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1561). Acarospora ochracea (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn. – Müller (1892: 155 as Placodium cervinum var. ochraceum); Magnusson (1929: 249 as “Acarospora cervina var. ochracea”; probably Aspicilia sp.). Acarospora oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium flavum Acarospora percaena (Ach.) J. Steiner = A. cervina Acarospora percaena f. larvata Müll. Arg. = A. cervina f. larvata Acarospora placenta (Ehrenb. ex Nyl.) Hue – Müller (1892: 155* as Placodium interruptum var. nudum); Steiner (1910: 218 as A. interrupta var. nuda); Magnusson (1929: 359); Szatala (1940: 526; 1957: 124). Acarospora sphaerothallina (J. Steiner) Szatala = A. desertorum Acarospora stapfiana (Müll. Arg.) Hue – Müller (1892: 154* as Placodium stapfianum); Magnusson (1929: 110); Szatala (1940: 526; 1957: 121); Steiner & Poelt (1984: 566). – Khorasan: Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on rock, 9.4.2002, in Haji Moniri 1442 sub Acarospora placenta? (B, FUMH); Torbatejam, Bezd, 1300 m, on rock, 24.4.2002, Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1429a (B, FUMH). Acarospora strigata (Nyl.) Jatta – Müller (1892: 155 as Placodium interruptum); Magnusson (1929: 208); Szatala (1940: 527); Magnusson (1940: 74); Szatala (1957: 123); Riedl (1979: 220). – Khorasan: Chenaran, Akhlamad valley, 1600 m, 17.9.2002, Haji Moniri 1519 (B, FUMH); Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on calcareous rock, 9.4.2002, in Haji Moniri 1436c sub Rhizocarpon viridiatrum (B, FUMH). Acarospora subpruinata J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 219); Magnusson (1929: 266); Szatala (1957: 123). 546 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Acarospora veronensis A. Massal. – Szatala (1957: 123). Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. – Buhse (1860: 244 as Verrucaria alba); Szatala (1957: 107 as Arthopyrenia alba). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2008 (B, TARI). Alectoria cana (Ach.) Leight. = Bryoria capillaris Alectoria jubata (L.) Ach. = Bryoria ? fuscescens Allarthonia depressula (J. Steiner) Szatala = Arthonia depressula Allarthonia ruderella (Nyl.) Szatala = Arthonia ruderella Amphiloma aurantium Müll. Arg. = Caloplaca aurantia Amphiloma elegans Körb. = Xanthoria elegans Amphiloma murorum var. aurantiacum (Schaer.) Müll. Arg. = Caloplaca saxicola var.? Amphiloma murorum var. gyalolechioides Müll. Arg. = Caloplaca saxicola Amphiloma murorum var. miniatum Körb. = Caloplaca saxicola Amphiloma murorum var. obliteratum Körb. = Caloplaca saxicola Anaptychia caspica Gyeln. = A. setifera Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körb. ex A. Massal. – Buhse (1860: 241 as Parmelia ciliaris); Szatala (1957: 153); Weber (1964: 7); Sohrabi (in prep.). Anaptychia ciliaris var. crinalis (Schleich.) Rabenh. = A. crinalis Anaptychia crinalis (Schrad.) Vezda – Buhse (1860: 241 as Parmelia ciliaris β crinalis); Szatala (1957: 153 as A. ciliaris var. crinalis); Sohrabi (in prep.). Anaptychia elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt – Szatala (1940: 532* as Physcia grisea var. elbursiana); Szatala (1957: 152 as Physcia elbursiana); Vezda (1974, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1224). *Anaptychia roemeri Poelt. – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1893 (B, TARI). Khorasan: Chenaran, Akhlamad valley, 1600 m, on moss, 9.2002, Haji Moniri 1506a (FUMH). Anaptychia setifera Meresch. ex Räsänen – Szatala (1957: 153 as A. caspica). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2047, 2069 (B, TARI); Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1992 (B, TARI); on the Maraveh-Tappeh road from Kalaleh, c. 20 km from Chatal towards Ashkhaneh, 846 m, forest margin, 27.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1941 (B, TARI). Anaptychia ulothrichoides (Vain.) Vain. – Szatala (1940: 533 as Physcia muscigena f. lenta); Oxner (1946: 84); Szatala (1957: 153 as Physcia caucasica); Sohrabi (in prep.). – Khorasan: Torbatejam, S of Salehabad, 1100 m, on bark of Pistacia vera, 25.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1463 (FUMH). Anema decipiens (A. Massal.) Forssell – Szatala (1940: 522; 1957: 110). Anema nummularium (Durieu & Mont.) Nyl. – Steiner (1896: 437); Szatala (1957: 110). Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr. – Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1508). – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2107 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112712). Arthonia depressula J. Steiner – Steiner (1896: 442*); Szatala (1957: 107 as Allarthonia depressula). Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. – Szatala (1957: 107 as var. astroidea). – Mazandaran: Chamestan, experimental station, 400 m, degraded forest, 9.11.2002, Maassoumi 1350 (HBG, TARI). Arthonia ruderella Nyl. – Szatala (1957: 107 as Allarthonia ruderella). Arthonia tumidula (Ach.) Ach. = A. cinnabarina Arthopyrenia alba (Schrad.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata Arthopyrenia atomaria (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Leptorhaphis atomaria Arthopyrenia rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. (F) – Buhse (1860: 244 as Verrucaria rhyponta γ aterrima); Szatala (1957: 107). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 547 *Arthothelium spectabile Flot. ex A. Massal. – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2036 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2108 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112825), 2118 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112714). Aspicilia aschabadensis (J. Steiner) [ad interim] – Steiner (1910: 227 as Sphaerothallia aschabadensis); Szatala (1957: 130 as Lecanora aschabadensis). Aspicilia caesiascens Pisút – Vezda (1979, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1602). Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Körb. – Steiner (1896: 439 as Lecanora calcarea var. concreta); Szatala (1957: 126). – Lorestan: C. 40 km on the road from Boroujerd to Khoramabad, 1800 m, 14.11.2002, Maassoumi 1383 (HBG, TARI). Aspicilia calcarea subsp. hoffmanniana S. Ekman & Fröberg – Müller (1892: 157 as Lecanora hoffmannii); Szatala (1957: 127 as Aspicilia contorta var. hoffmannii). – Lorestan: C. 40 km on the road from Boroujerd to Khoramabad, 1800 m, 14.11.2002, Maassoumi 1382 (HBG, TARI). Aspicilia calcarea var. raucum (J. Steiner) [ad interim] – Steiner (1910: 224 as Lecanora calcarea var. raucum). Aspicilia candida (Anzi) Hue – Szatala (1940: 527; 1957: 127). – Khorasan: Tabas towards Boshrouieh, 1150 m, 17.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1408 (B, FUMH). Aspicilia cheresina (Müll. Arg.) Hue – Steiner (1896: 439 as Lecanora cheresina); Szatala (1957: 128). Aspicilia cheresina var. granuligera (J. Steiner) Szatala – Steiner (1910: 231* as Lecanora cheresiana var. granuligera); Szatala (1957: 128). Aspicilia cheresina var. microspora (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl. Roux – Steiner (1910: 231* as Lecanora microspora & var. punctulata); Szatala (1940: 527*; 1957: 128 incl. var. astroidea & var. punctulata). Aspicilia cinerea var. alba (Schaer.) Anzi – Müller (1892: 157 as Lecanora cinerea var. alba); Szatala (1957: 126). Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. – Szatala (1957: 127 as A. viridescens). – Golestan: C. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1959 (B, TARI). Aspicilia contorta var. hoffmannii (Ach.) Szatala = A. calcarea subsp. hoffmanniana Aspicilia coronata (A. Massal.) Bouly de Lesd. – Szatala (1940: 527; 1957: 127). – Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1844 (TARI, herb. Seaward 112789). Aspicilia cupreoatra (Nyl.) Arnold = Bellemerea cupreoatra Aspicilia desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. – Steiner (1910: 224 as Lecanora calcarea var. sphaerothallina); Szatala (1940: 527 & as A. sphaerothallina); Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1957: 127 as A. sphaerothallina & 129 as Sphaerothallia desertorum); Riedl (1979: 220). – Esfahan: C. 2 km to Ghohrud from Kamou, 2150 m, 18.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1858 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112787). Aspicilia esculenta (Pall.) Flagey – Eversmann (1825: 357 as Lecanora esculenta); Göbel (1830 as Parmelia esculenta); Steiner (1910: 224 as L. esculenta); Szatala (1927: 130 as Sphaerothallia esculenta). Aspicilia excrescens (J. Steiner) Szatala – Steiner (1910: 223* as Lecanora calcarea var. excrescens); Szatala (1957: 126); Riedl (1979: 220). Aspicilia farinosa (Flörke) Arnold – Steiner (1910: 224 as Lecanora farinosa); Szatala (1957: 127 & 136 as Squamaria farinosa, incl. var. rauca). – Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1840 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112792). Aspicilia ferruginea (J. Steiner) Szatala – Szatala (1957: 127). Aspicilia microspora (Arnold) Hue = A. cheresina var. microspora Aspicilia microspora var. astroidea Szatala = A. cheresina var. microspora 548 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Aspicilia microspora var. punctulata (J. Steiner) Szatala = A. cheresina var. microspora Aspicilia ochracea (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn. = Eiglera flavida Aspicilia persica (Müll. Arg.) [ad interim] – Müller (1892: 154* as Placodium persicum); Szatala (1957: 135 as Squamaria persica). – Poelt (1958: 553) indicates that the type consists of two different species of Aspicilia. Aspicilia polychroma (Anzi) Nyl. – Szatala (1940: 527; 1957: 127). Aspicilia polychromoides (J. Steiner) Hue – Steiner (1910: 230* as Lecanora polychromoides, incl. f. rubescens); Szatala (1940: 527; 1957: 127 incl. f. rubescens). Aspicilia straussii (J. Steiner) [ad interim] – Steiner (1910: 228* as Lecanora fruticulosa var. straussii); Szatala (1957: 129 as Sphaerothallia straussii) (Aspicilia?). Aspicilia subcalcarea (Müll. Arg.) Szatala – Szatala (1957: 127). Aspicilia trachytica (A. Massal.) Arnold – Steiner (1916: 32 as Lecanora reticulata var. trachytica); Szatala (1957: 126). Aspicilia vagans Oxner – Crum (1993: 303). Aspicilia viridescens (A. Massal.) Kremp. = A. contorta Bacidia atrogrisea (Hepp) Körb. = B. laurocerasi Bacidia laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. – Szatala (1940: 523 & 1957: 116 as Bacidia atrogrisea). *Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal. – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, 450-600 m, on bark, roadside forest, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9109A (herb. Seaward 113112). Bacidia subacerina Nyl. ex Vain. – Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1517). Bacidia tenax (Kremp.) Szatala – Szatala (1957: 116). *Bactrospora dryina (Ach.) A. Massal. – Mazandaran: Nowshahr, Mashalak river, 2001600 m, forest, 10.11.2002, Maassoumi 1343, 1346, 1348 (HBG, TARI). Bellemerea cupreoatra (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux – Steiner (1910: 222 as Lecanora cupreoatra); Szatala (1940: 527 as Aspicilia cupreoatra); Oxner (1946: 83 as A. cupreoatra); Szatala (1957: 126 as A. cupreoatra). Biatorella ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold – Sohrabi (in prep.). Biatorella pruinosa auct. = Sarcogyne regularis Biatorella pusilla J. Steiner = Polysporina pusilla Biatorella urceolata J. Steiner = Polysporina urceolata Bryopogon jubatus Link = Bryoria fuscescens Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. – Szatala (1957: 140 as Alectoria cana). Bryoria cf. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. – Buhse (1860: 240 as Bryopogon jubatus Link); Szatala (1957: 140 as Alectoria jubata). Buellia alboatra (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr. = Diplotomma alboatrum Buellia disciformis var. saprophila (Ach.) Mudd – Buhse (1860: 243 as Lecidea parasema γ saprophila); Szatala (1957: 148). Buellia epipolia (Ach.) Mong. = Diplotomma alboatrum Buellia epipolia var. calcarea Weis. = Diplotomma venustum Buellia epipolia var. venusta (Körb.) J. Steiner = Diplotomma venustum Buellia meiosperma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. – Steiner (1916: 38 as B. subdisciformis var. meiosperma); Szatala (1957: 149 as B. subdisciformis var. meiosperma). Buellia retrovertens Tuck. – Weber (1964: 7). Buellia subalbula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. – Riedl (1979: 220). Buellia subdisciformis var. meiosperma (Nyl.) J. Steiner = B. meiosperma *Buellia zoharyi Galun. – Golestan: Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1923, 1927, 1932 (B, TARI). Callopisma aurantiacum A. Massal. = Caloplaca velana Callopisma aurantiacum var. erythrellum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Caloplaca flavovirescens Callopisma bullatum Müll. Arg. = Caloplaca bullata Callopisma pyraceum var. lacteum (A. Massal.) Müll. Arg. = Caloplaca lactea Callopisma variabile Körb. = Caloplaca variabilis Willdenowia 34 – 2004 549 Caloplaca aegyptiaca (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner – Steiner (1895: 438, 445 & 1910: 238 as Caloplaca variabilis var. candida); Steiner (1896: 439, as C. interveniens); Steiner (1910: 238* as C. aegyptiaca var. inspersa); Szatala (1940: 530, 531 as Placodium inspersum; 1957: 143 as P. aegyptiacum, as P. aegypticum var. ochraceum & P. inspersum; 1957: 144 as P. interveniens & P. variabile var. candidum); Wunder (1974: 56, 61 & 64 as C. circumalbata); Riedl (1979: 220 as C. aegyptiaca) Caloplaca aegyptiaca var. inspersa J. Steiner = C. aegyptiaca Caloplaca alociza (A. Massal.) Mig. – Steiner (1910: 238 as C. variabilis f. acrustacea); Szatala (1957: 144 as Placodium variabile var. acrustaceum). – Khorasan: Between Daregaz and Kalat, 800 m, on calcareous rock, 18.9.2002, Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1497a (FUMH). Caloplaca aurantia (Pers.) Hellb. – Müller (1892: 153 as Amphiloma aurantium); Steiner (1896: 438, 445); Szatala (1957: 145 as Gasparrinia aurantia). Caloplaca biatorina (A. Massal.) J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 239); Szatala (1940: 531 & 1957: 145 as Gasparrinia biatorina); ?Szatala (1954: 137* as G. biatorina var. centrifuga; 1957: 145 as G. biatorina var. centrifuga); Riedl (1979: 220). – Esfahan: C. 2 km to Ghohrud from Kamou, 2150 m, 18.11.2002, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1856 sub Lecidea cf. plana (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112731). Golestan: C. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1962 (B, TARI). Caloplaca biatorina var. gyalolechioides (Müll. Arg.) Poelt – Szatala (1957: 146 as Gasparrina gyalolechioides). Caloplaca biatorina var. pusilloides J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 239*); Szatala (1957: 146 as Gasparrina biatorina var. pusilloides). Caloplaca biatorina var. sympecta J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 240*; 1916: 37); Szatala (1940: 531 & 1957: 146 as Gasparrinia biatorina var. sympecta). Caloplaca bullata (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. – Müller (1892: 156* as Callopisma bullatum); Szatala (1957: 144 as Placodium bullatum); Wunder (1974: 120 as Caloplaca variabilis var. bullata). Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr. – Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1940: 530 as var. ehrharti); Szatala (1957: 142 as Placodium cerinum, incl. f. dispersum). – Golestan: On the Maraveh-Tappeh road from Kalaleh, c. 20 km from Chatal towards Ashkhaneh, 846 m, forest margin, 27.1.2003, in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1949 sub Lecidella elaeochroma (B, TARI), in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1942 sub Physcia adscendens (B, TARI). Caloplaca cerina f. dispersum Oliv. = C. cerina Caloplaca cerina var. cyanolepra (DC.) Kickx. – Szatala (1957: 142 as Placodium cerinum var. cyanoleprum). Caloplaca cerina var. ehrharti (Schaer.) Trev. = C. cerina Caloplaca cerina var. flava (Anzi) Jatta – Szatala (1957: 142, as Placodium stillicidiorum f. flavum (Anzi) Szat.); see Lamb (1963: 574). *Caloplaca chalybeia (Fr.) Müll. Arg. – Khorasan: Between Daregaz and Kalat, 800 m, on calcareous rock, 18.9.2002, in Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1496a sub Diplotomma venustum (B, FUMH), in Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1497a sub Caloplaca alociza (FUMH). Caloplaca circumalbata (Delile) Wunder = C. aegyptiaca Caloplaca deceptoria (Flagey) J. Steiner – Szatala (1957: 146 as Gasparrinia deceptoria). Caloplaca decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell – Steiner (1910: 239 as f. corticola; 1916: 37); Szatala (1940: 531 as Gasparrinia decipiens); Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1957: 145 as G. decipiens & f. corticola). – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1898, 1904 (B, TARI); c. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1968 (B, TARI). Caloplaca diphyodes (Nyl.) Jatta – Steiner (1910: 238 as C. variabilis var. lecideina); Szatala (1957: 144 as Placodium variabile var. lecideinum); Wunder 1974: 89). Caloplaca elegans (Link) Th. Fr. = Xanthoria elegans 550 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Caloplaca elegans f. tenuis Th. Fr. = Xanthoria elegans f. tenuis *Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J. R. Laundon – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2005a (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, 450-600 m, on bark, roadside forest, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9180 (herb. Seaward 113113). Caloplaca flavovirescens var. persica Szatala – Müller (1892: 156 as Callopisma aurantiacum var. erythrellum); Szatala (1940: 531*; 1954: 137 & 1957: 143 as Placodium velanum var. persicum). – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9118, 9144, 9197 (herb. Seaward 113103, 113095, 113098). Caloplaca holocarpa (Hoffm.) A. E. Wade – Steiner (1896: 438 as C. pyracea var. pyrithroma); Szatala (1940: 531 as C. pyracea); Szatala (1957: 143 as Placodium pyraceum, incl. var. pyrithromum); ?Szatala (1957: 143 as P. pyraceum var. muscicolum). – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2117 (B, TARI). Caloplaca interveniens Müll. Arg. = C. aegyptiaca Caloplaca lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. – Müller (1892: 156 as C. pyraceum var. lacteum); Szatala (1957: 142 as Placodium lacteum); Riedl (1979: 220). Caloplaca lactea var. laetior J. Steiner (Iranian records) = C. marmorata *Caloplaca lacteoides Nav.-Ros. & Hladun. – Golestan: C. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1954 (B, TARI). Caloplaca luteoalba (Turner) Th. Fr. – Szatala (1957: 142 as Placodium luteoalbum). – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1976 sub Xanthoria parietina (B, TARI). Caloplaca marmorata (Bagl.) Jatta – Szatala (1940: 531 as C. lactea var. laetior & 1957: 142 as Placodium lacteum f. laetior, specimen revised by Navarro-Rosinés & Hladun 1996); NavarroRosinés & Hladun (1996: 163). Caloplaca nideri J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 239); Szatala (1957: 146 as Gasparrinia nideri). Caloplaca paulsenii (Vain.) Zahlbr. = C. transcaspica Caloplaca persica (J. Steiner) M. Steiner & Poelt – Steiner (1910: 241* as Xanthoria polycarpoides var. persica, 1916: 37 as Xanthoria polycarpoides var. persica); Szatala (1957: 148); Steiner & Poelt (1982: 168, 173); Sohrabi (in prep.). Caloplaca polycarpoides (J. Steiner) M. Steiner & Poelt – Steiner (1910: 241* as Xanthoria polycarpoides); Szatala (1957: 148 as X. polycarpoides); Steiner & Poelt (1982: 169, 175). – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1976 sub Xantoria parietina (B, TARI). Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. = C. holocarpa Caloplaca pyracea var. pyrithroma Ach. = C. holocarpa Caloplaca salicina (Schrad.) Szatala – Szatala (1957: 143 Placodium salicinum). Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin – Müller (1892: 153 as Amphiloma murorum var. gyalolechioides, var miniatum & var. obliteratum); ?Müller (1892: 153 as A. murorum var. aurantiacum); Oxner (1946: 83 as C. tegularis); Szatala (1957: 146 as Gasparrinia miniata, incl. f. obliterata); ?Szatala (1957: 146 as G. murorum f. aurantia). Caloplaca tegularis (Ehrh.) Sandst. = C. saxicola *Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1902 (B, TARI). *Caloplaca trachyphylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr. – Khorasan: Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on rock, 9.4.2002, in Haji Moniri 1442 sub Acarospora placenta? (B, FUMH). Caloplaca transcaspica (Nyl.) Zahlbr. – Magnusson (1940: 136 as C. paulsenii); Wunder (1974: 94 as C. paulsenii). – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1902 Willdenowia 34 – 2004 551 sub C. teicholyta (B, TARI). Khorasan: SW of Gonabad, Kalat Mt. 1950 m, 18.4.2002, in Haji Moniri 1420 sub Lecanora crenulata (B, FUMH). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1848 (B, TARI). Caloplaca variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg. – Müller (1892: 156 as Callopisma variabile); Steiner (1896: 438); Szatala (1957: 144 as Placodium paepalostomum & P. variabile); Wunder (1974: 113); Riedl (1979: 220). Caloplaca variabilis f. acrustacea Arnold = C. alociza Caloplaca variabilis var. bullata (Müll. Arg.) Wunder = C. bullata Caloplaca variabilis var. candida (Stizenb.) J. Steiner = C. aegyptiaca Caloplaca variabilis var. lecideina (Müll. Arg.) H. Olivier = C. diphyodes Caloplaca velana (A. Massal.) Du Rietz – Müller (1892: 156 as Callopisma aurantiacum); Szatala (1957: 143 as Placodium velanum, incl. var. placidium). *Caloplaca xantholyta (Nyl.) Jatta – Lorestan: C. 44 km on the road from Khoramabad to Andimeshk, 1000 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi 1721 (HBG, TARI). Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein – Weber (1964: 5). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2024 (B, TARI). Candelaria subsimilis (Th. Fr.) Müll. Arg. = Candelariella aurella Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. – Müller (1892: 151 as Candelaria subsimilis); Steiner (1910: 237 as Candelariella subsimilis incl. f. alpina); Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1940: 530; 1957: 139); Riedl (1979: 220). – Golestan: Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1920 (B, TARI); c. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1902 sub Caloplaca teicholyta (B, TARI). – Khorasan: Between Daregaz and Kalat, 800 m, 18.9.2002, Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1497b (FUMH). Candelariella aurella var. decolorans (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. – Szatala (1957: 139). Candelariella aurella var. unilocularis (Elenkin) Zahlbr. = C. unilocularis *Candelariella oleifera H. Magn. – Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1835 sub Aspicilia cf. coronata (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112735). Candelariella placodizans (Nyl.) H. Magn. – Szatala (1957: 139). Candelariella subsimilis f. alpina J. Steiner = C. aurella Candelariella subsimilis J. Steiner = C. aurella Candelariella unilocularis (Elenkin) Nimis – Szatala (1940: 530 as C. aurella var. unilocularis; 1957: 139 as C. aurella var. unilocularis). *Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. – Esfahan: C. 2 km to Ghohrud from Kamou, 2150 m, 18.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1860 (B, TARI). Golestan: C. 15 km to MaravehTappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1905 sub Acarospora cervina (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, 450-600 m, on rock, roadside forest, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9190 (herb. Seaward 113114). Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau – Oxner (1946: 83). Catapyrenium rufescens (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium rufescens Catapyrenium semaforonense Breuss = Placidium semaforonense Catapyrenium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium squamulosum Catillaria bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera bouteillei Catillaria cf. chalybeia (Borrer) A. Massal. – Szatala (1940: 523* as Thalloidima rechingeri; 1957: 117 as T. rechingeri); Timdal (1991: 128). Catillaria detractula (Nyl.) H. Olivier – Steiner (1896: 440 as Lecania detractula); Szatala (1957: 138 as L. detractula). Catocarpus oreites (Vain.) Eitner = Rhizocarpon alpicola Cercidospora epipolytropa (Mudd) Arnold (LF) – Steiner (1896: 445). 552 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran *Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. & C. H. Culb. – Mazandaran: Nowshahr, Mashalak river, 200-1600 m, forest, 10.11.2002, Maassoumi 1340 (HBG, TARI). *Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon – Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Janat rudbar, 1000 m, 2.4.2003, Maassoumi 2127 (B, TARI); Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2126 (B, TARI). Cladonia alcicornis β endiviaefolia Schaer. = Cladonia convoluta *Cladonia awasthiana Ahti & Upreti – Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Janat rudbar, 1000 m, 2.4.2003, Maassoumi 2135 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112734); Ramsar, towards Neydasht, 300 m, forest, 30.3.2003, Maassoumi 2096 (B, TARI); Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2124 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112796). *Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2119 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112793). Cladonia convoluta (Lam.) Anders – Buhse (1860: 242 as C. alcicornis β endiviaefolia); Szatala (1957: 118 as C. foliacea var. convoluta). *Cladonia farinacea (Vain.) A. Evans – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lirehsar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2106 (B, TARI), 2125 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112824). Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. – Szatala (1957: 118 as var. alcicornis); Weber (1964: 4). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2079 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Neydasht, 300 m, forest, 30.3.2003, Maassoumi 2088 (B, TARI). Cladonia foliacea var. alcicornis (Lightf.) Schaer. = C. foliacea Cladonia foliacea var. convoluta (Lam.) Vain. = C. convoluta Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. – Szatala (1957: 118); Weber (1964: 5). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2072 (B, TARI). Cladonia furcata subsp. subrangiformis (Sandst.) Abbayes – Szatala (1940: 524 & 1957: 118 as C. subrangiformis); Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1524 as C. klementii, pers. comm. T. Ahti). Cladonia klementii Oxner (Iranian record) = C. furcata subsp. subrangiformis (Ahti in litt.). Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) Grognot – Szatala (1957: 118 as var. pocillum). Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. – Szatala (1957: 118). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2046 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Neydasht, 300 m, forest, 30.3.2003, Maassoumi 2093 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112828), 2097 (B, TARI), 2098 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112732); Tonekabon, Shehezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2120 (B, TARI, MRDS 112733). Cladonia pyxidata var. pocillum (Ach.) Flot. = C. pocillum *Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, Seh Hezar river, 350 m, 13.11.2002, Maassoumi 1322, 1329 (HBG, TARI). Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. – Buhse (1860: 242 as C. rangiferina α vulgaris); Szatala (1957: 118). Cladonia rangiferina α vulgaris Schaer. = Cladonia rangiferina Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. – Szatala (1940: 524 as var. nivea; 1957: 118 as var. muricata & var. nivea). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2071, 2080, 2082 (B, TARI). – Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Neydasht, 300 m, forest, 30.3.2003, Maassoumi 2089 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112643); Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2110 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112826), 2111 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112827), 2112 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112644). Cladonia rangiformis var. muricata (Del.) Arnold = C. rangiformis Cladonia rangiformis var. nivea (Ach.) Szatala = C. rangiformis Cladonia subrangiformis Sandst. = C. furcata subsp. subrangiformis Willdenowia 34 – 2004 553 *Collema auriforme (With.) Coppins & J. R. Laundon – Sohrabi (in prep.). – Khorasan: Torbatejam, S of Salehabad, 1100 m, on soil, 25.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1435a (B, FUMH). Collema cheileum var. graniforme (Hoffm.) Ach. = C. crispum Collema cheileum var. hyporrhizum Nyl. = C. crispum Collema crispum (Huds.) F. H. Wigg. – Szatala (1940: 522 as C. cheileum var. graniforme & var. hyporrhizum); Szatala (1957: 111). – Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Neydasht, 300 m, forest, 30.3.2003, Maassoumi 2099 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112830). *Collema cristatum (L.) Weber ex. F. H. Wigg. – Golestan: Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1923 sub Buellia zoharyi (B, TARI). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1836 (B, TARI). Collema cristatum var. marginale (Huds.) Degel. – Szatala (1940: 522 as C. multifidum var. jacobeaefolium); Szatala (1957:111). *Collema flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2101 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112706). *Collema furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9131 (B, herb. Sohrabi). Collema fuscovirens (With.) J. R. Laundon – Weber (1964: 4 as C. tunaeforme); Sohrabi (in prep.). Collema hydrocharum var. stygioides (Flagey) Szatala = C. tenax Collema multifidum var. jacobeaefolium (Schrank.) Rabenh. = C. cristatum var. marginale *Collema polycarpon Hoffm. var. polycarpon – Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1846 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112748). Collema subflaccidum Degel. – Weber (1964: 3 as C. subfurvum). – Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Janat rudbar, 1000 m, 2.4.2003, Maassoumi 2128 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112707), 2130 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112821); Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2116 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112705). Collema subfurvum (Müll. Arg.) Degel. = C. subflaccidum Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. – Szatala (1940: 522 as C. hydrocharum var. stygioides); Szatala (1957: 111); Weber (1964: 4); Riedl (1979: 220). – Golestan: Gorgan, 600 m, 14.12.2001, Sohrabi 29 (herb. Seaward 111658); c. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1. 2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2059 (B, TARI). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1834 (B, TARI). Collema tunaeforme Ach. = C. fuscovirens Dermatocarpon aegyptiacum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. – Steiner (1896: 444 as Verrucula aegyptiaca); Szatala (1957: 104 as Placidium aegyptiacum). – Note: This species seems not to fit in the genus Dermatocarpon as currently understood. A re-examination of the type seems required to establish its generic affinity. Dermatocarpon compactum (A. Massal.) Lettau = Verrucaria compacta Dermatocarpon desertorum Tomin – Vezda (1980, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1724) p.p. = ? Placidium squamulosum (see Breuss 1998: 666); p.p. = ? P. semaforonense (see Breuss 1998: 665). Dermatocarpon lachneum Ach. = Placidium lachneum Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann – Buhse (1860: 243 as Endocarpon miniatum); Steiner (1916: 25); Szatala (1957: 105); Weber (1964: 3). – Khorasan: Torbatejam, S of Salehabad, 1100 m, on rock, 25.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1432a (B, FUMH). Sharqi: Bostanabad, 1800 m, 6.7.2001, Sohrabi 20 (herb. Seaward 111657). *Dermatocarpon miniatum var. cirsodes (Ach.) Zahlbr. – Khorasan: N of Neishabour, Sarwelayat, 1400 m, on rock, 30.4.2002, Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1470a (FUMH). Dermatocarpon miniatum var. complicatum (Lightf.) Hellb. – Buhse (1860: 243 as Endocarpon miniatum b. complicatum); Müller (1892: 158); Szatala (1957: 106). – Khorasan: N of Neishabour, Sarwelayat, 1400 m, on rock, 30.4.2002, Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1470a (FUMH). Dermatocarpon miniatum var. pruinosum (A. Massal.) Müll. Arg. – Szatala (1957: 106). 554 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran *Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke – Golestan: Gorgan towards Zyarat, 300 m, 24.9.2001, Sohrabi 22 (herb. Seaward 111659); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2001 (B, TARI); Nahar Khoran towards Ziarat, 900 m, cliff, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1993 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Neydasht, 300 m, forest, 30.3.2003, Maassoumi 2094 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112735). Dermatocarpon verruculosum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. – Müller (1892: 159* as Endopyrenium verruculosum); Szatala (1940: 521); Magnusson (1940: 25); Szatala (1957: 105 as Placidium verruculosum). – Note: This species seems not to fit in the genus Dermatocarpon as currently understood. A re-examination of the type seems required to establish its generic affinity. Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman – Steiner (1910: 243 as Rinodina oreina); Szatala (1940: 532 as R. hueana); Szatala (1957: 151 as Placothallia hueana & P. oreina). Diploschistes actinostomus (Pers.) Zahlbr. – Steiner (1916: 26); Szatala (1957: 108). Diploschistes actinostomus var. calcareus Müll. Arg. = D. candidissimus Diploschistes albissimus (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = D. diacapsis Diploschistes calcareus (Müll. Arg.) J. Steiner = D. candidissimus Diploschistes candidissimus (Kremp.) Zahlbr. – Steiner (1896: 441 as D. actinostomus var. calcareus); Szatala (1957: 109 as D. calcareus). Diploschistes diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch – Steiner (1916: 25 as D. albissimus); Reichert (1940: 176 as D. steppicus); Szatala (1957: 109 as D. albissimus & D. steppicus, incl. var. typica); Lamb (1963: 229 as D. steppicus); Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1560 as D. steppicus); Riedl (1979: 220 as D. albissimus); Sohrabi (in prep.). Diploschistes gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr. – Müller (1892: 157 as D. scruposus var. cretaceus). Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. – Weber (1964: 3 as D. scruposus var. bryophilus). *Diploschistes ocellatus (Vill.) Norman – Lumbsch (1989: 181) – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1896 (B, TARI); c. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1956 (B, TARI); Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1918 (B, TARI). Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman – Weber (1964: 3). – Mazandaran: MazandaranChalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9206 (herb. Seaward 113096). Diploschistes scruposus var. bryophilus Müll. Arg. = D. muscorum Diploschistes scruposus var. cretaceus Müll. Arg. = D. gypsaceus Diploschistes steppicus Reichert = D. diacapsis Diploschistes steppicus var. typica Reichert = D. diacapsis Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flot. – Müller (1892: 158 as D. alboatrum var. intermedium); Steiner (1910: 242 as Buellia epipolia); Szatala (1940: 532; 1957: 149 as D. epipolium and as D. margaritatum); Weber (1964: 7 as B. alboatra). – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9199 (herb. Seaward 113105). Diplotomma alboatrum var. intermedium Müll. Arg. = D. alboatrum Diplotomma epipolium (Ach.) Arnold = D. alboatrum Diplotomma epipolium var. calcareum (Weis.) Flagey = D. venustum Diplotomma margaritaceum (Sommerf.) Szatala = D. alboatrum Diplotomma venustum Körb. – Müller (1892: 158); Steiner (1910: 242, as D. epipolium var. calcareum); Steiner (1916: 38 as Buellia epipolia var. venusta); Szatala (1957: 149, also as D. epipolium var. calcareum). – Golestan: Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1920 sub Candelariella aurella (B, TARI). Khorasan: Between Daregaz and Kalat, 800 m, on calcareous rock, 18.9.2002, Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1496a (B, FUMH), 1496b+c (FUMH); Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on calcareous rock, 9.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1436b (B, FUMH). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1838 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112749). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 555 Eiglera flavida (Hepp) Hafellner – Szatala (1957: 126 as A. ochracea). Endocarpon ambrosianum (A. Massal.) Serv. = Staurothele ambrosianum Endocarpon clopimum (Wahlenb.) Serv. = Staurothele clopima Endocarpon miniatum Ach. = Dermatocarpon miniatum Endocarpon miniatum b. complicatum Schaer. = Dermatocarpon miniatum var. complicatum Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. – Oxner (1946: 82). – Khorasan: Torbatejam, S of Salehabad, 1100 m, on soil, 25.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1433b (B, FUMH). Endococcus rugulosus Nyl. (LF) – Steiner (1896: 445 as Tichothecium calcaricola). Endopyrenium crassum Müll. Arg. = Verrucaria crassa Endopyrenium hepaticum (Ach.) Körb. = Placidium squamulosum Endopyrenium hepaticum var. nigrata Müll. Arg. = Placidium hepaticum f. nigratum Endopyrenium monstrosum Körb. = Placocarpus schaereri Endopyrenium rufescens Körb. = Placidium rufescens Endopyrenium verruculosum Müll. Arg. = Dermatocarpon verruculosum *Enterographa hutchinsiae (Leighton) A. Massal. – Mazandaran: Nowshahr, Mashalak river, 200-1600 m, forest, 10.11.2002, Maassoumi 1345, 1348 (HBG, TARI); Chamestan, experimental station, 400 m, degraded forest, 9.11.2002, Maassoumi 1350 (HBG, TARI). Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. – Szatala (1957: 140). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2066, 2075 (B, TARI). *Farnoldia jurana (Schaer.) Hertel. – Khorasan: Chenaran, Akhlamad valley, 1600 m, on calcareous rock, 9.2002, Haji Moniri 1528a (FUMH). Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Vezda – Oxner (1946: 82); Szatala (1957: 116 as Catillaria bouteillei). Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale – Buhse (1860: 241 as Parmelia caperata); Steiner (1916: 35); Szatala (1940: 530 as Parmelia caperata var. cylisphora); Szatala (1957: 140); Weber (1964: 5). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1. 2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1998, 2020 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Zirab, Amlak Valley, on bark, 6.10.2003, Valad Beigi 7 (B, SBUH); Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, on bark, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9108 (herb. Seaward 113088). Fulgensia bracteata (Hoffm.) Räsänen – Müller (1892: 153 as Placodium fulgens var. bracteatum); Szatala (1957: 145); Weber (1964: 7). Fulgensia desertorum (Tomin) Poelt – Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1562). ?Fulgensia fulgens (Sw.) Elenkin – Oxner (1946: 83). *Fulgensia fulgida (Nyl.) Szat. – Golestan: C. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1960 (B, TARI); c. 40 km on the road from Aghala to Inch-e Borun, around Alagol Lake, 45 m, soil, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1883 (B, TARI); Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1917 (B, TARI). *Fulgensia subbracteata (Nyl.) Poelt – Golestan: C. 40 km on the road from Aghala to Inch-e Borun, around Alagol Lake, 45 m, on soil, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1891 (B, TARI). Khorasan: Torbatejam, S of Salehabad, 1100 m, on calcareous soil, 25.4.2002, in Haji Moniri 1434a sub Catapyrenium s.l. (FUMH), in Haji Moniri 1433b sub Endocarpon pusillum (B, FUMH). Gasparrinia aurantia (Pers.) Sydow = Caloplaca aurantia Gasparrinia biatorina (A. Massal.) Szatala = Caloplaca biatorina Gasparrinia biatorina var. centrifuga Szatala = Caloplaca biatorina? Gasparrinia biatorina var. pusilloides (J. Steiner) Szatala = Caloplaca biatorina var. pusilloides Gasparrinia biatorina var. sympecta (J. Steiner) Szatala = Caloplaca biatorina var. sympecta Gasparrinia deceptoria (Flagey) Szatala = Caloplaca deceptoria Gasparrinia decipiens (Arnold) Sydow = Caloplaca decipiens Gasparrinia decipiens f. corticola (Nyl.) Szatala = Caloplaca decipiens Gasparrinia elegans (Link.) Stein = Xanthoria elegans 556 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Gasparrinia elegans var. tenuis (Link) Stein = Xanthoria elegans var. tenuis Gasparrinia gyalolechioides (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Caloplaca biatorina var. gyalolechioides Gasparrinia miniata (Hoffm.) Szatala = Caloplaca saxicola Gasparrinia miniata f. obliterata (Pers.) Szatala = Caloplaca saxicola Gasparrinia murorum f. aurantia (Schaer.) Szatala = Caloplaca saxicola var.? Gasparrinia nideri (J. Steiner) Szatala = Caloplaca nideri Gloeoheppia turgida (Ach.) Gyeln. – Müller (1892: 151 as Heppia turgida); Szatala (1957: 112 as H. turgida). – Hormozgan: Kuh-e Genu, W part, 580 m, 2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1737, 1739, 1740, 1742 (B, TARI). Khuzestan: C. 62 km on the road from Ramhormoz to Behbahan, 221 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1747, 1753 (B, TARI). Glypholecia persica J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 221*); Magnusson (1929: 376); Szatala (1957: 124). Glypholecia scabra (Pers.) Müll. Arg. – Müller (1892: 156); Steiner (1916: 30); Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1940: 527; 1957: 124). – Esfahan: Ghohrud, c. 10 km on the road to Kashan, Shahsavaran pass, 2031 m, on rock, 18.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1865 (B, TARI). Khorasan: Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, rock, 9.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1455 (B, FUMH). Glypholecia scabra var. candidissima (Nyl.) H. Magn. – Szatala (1957: 124). Gonohymenia algerica J. Steiner = Lichinella algerica Graphina analoga (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Graphis analoga ?Graphis analoga (Nyl.) Zahlbr. – Szatala (1940: 522; 1957: 108 as Graphina analoga). Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. – Buhse (1860: 243 as G. scripta α limitata); Szatala (1957: 108 incl. f. limitata). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2039 (B, TARI). – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2114 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112708); Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, on bark, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9123, 9184 (herb. Seaward 113099, 113104). Graphis scripta α limitata Schaer. = G. scripta Graphis scripta f. limitata (Pers.) Ach. = G. scripta Graphis scripta var. varia Ach. – Szatala (1940: 521). Gyrophora cylindrica var. tornata (Ach.) Arnold = Umbilicaria cylindrica var. tornata *Heppia despreauxii (Mont.) Tuck. – Lorestan: C. 60 km towards Andimeshk from Khoramabad, 424 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1735 (B, TARI). Heppia hepaticella Müll. Arg. – Müller (1892: 152*); Szatala (1957: 111). Heppia lobulata Müll. Arg. – Müller (1892: 152*); Steiner (1896: 437); Szatala (1957: 112). Heppia myriospora Müll. Arg. – Müller (1892: 152*); Szatala (1957: 111). Heppia reticulata (Dufour) Nyl. = H. solorinoides Heppia solorinoides (Nyl.) Nyl. – Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1553 as H. reticulata; material belongs in part to Placidium tenellum, see Breuss 1998: 667); Egea (1989: 56 as H. reticulata); Henssen (1994: 72). – Lorestan: C. 60 km towards Andimeshk from Khoramabad, 424 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1736 (B, TARI). Heppia turgida (Ach.) Nyl. = Gloeoheppia turgida *Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 2065 sub Physcia adscendens (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Zirab, between Khalil Kola and Zebh Valley, on tree bark, 6.9.2003, Valad Beigi 18 (B, SBUH). Immersaria usbekica (Hertel) M. Barbero, Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux – Hertel (2001: 103); Steiner (1910: 216 as Lecidea atrobrunnea). Lecania albariella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = L. turicensis Lecania albariella var. subcaesia Nyl. = L. subcaesia Lecania asperatula J. Steiner = Solenopsora asperatula Lecania brachyspora Müll. Arg. – Müller (1892: 157); Szatala (1957: 137). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 557 Lecania detractula (Nyl.) Arnold = Catillaria detractula Lecania koerberiana J. Lahm – Steiner (1910: 237); Szatala (1940: 529; 1957: 138). – Mazandaran: Around Ramsar, 300 m, 14.4.2002, Maassoumi 1314 (HBG, TARI). Lecania nylanderiana A. Massal. – Szatala (1957: 138). Lecania nylanderiana var. ochracea Szatala – Szatala (1940: 529*; 1957: 138). Lecania ochronigra J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 236*); Szatala (1957: 137). Lecania rechingeriana Szatala – Szatala (1940: 529*; 1957: 138); Lamb (1963: 289). Lecania subcaesia (Nyl.) Bouly de Lesd. – Szatala (1957: 137); Steiner (1896: 440 as L. albariella var. subcaesia). Lecania triseptata (Vain.) Zahlbr. – Steiner & Poelt (1987: 137). Lecania turicensis (Hepp) Müll. Arg. – Steiner (1896: 440, 445 as L. albariella); Szatala (1957: 137 as L. albariella). Lecanora agardhiana Ach. – Müller (1892: 157 as L. agardhianoides); Szatala (1957: 131). – Khorasan: Chenaran, Akhlamad valley, 1600 m, 17.9.2002, Haji Moniri 1534 (B, FUMH); between Daregaz and Kalat, 800 m, on calcareous rock, 18.9.2002, in Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1496b-c sub Diplotomma venustum (FUMH). Lecanora agardhiana var. microstygna A. Massal. – Szatala (1957: 131). Lecanora agardhianoides A. Massal. = L. agardhiana Lecanora albomarginata Nyl. = L. muralis Lecanora allophana (Ach.) Röhl. – Szatala (1957: 133, incl. L. subfuscata f. geographica). Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme – Buhse (1860: 242 as Lecanora subfusca α vulgaris); Szatala (1957: 132 as L. subfuscata). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 2021 sub Punctelia subrudecta (B, TARI). Lecanora argopholis (Ach.) Ach. – Weber (1964: 5 as L. frustulosa var. argopholis). Lecanora aschabadensis J. Steiner = Aspicilia aschabadensis Lecanora atra (Huds.) Ach. = Tephromela atra Lecanora bolcana Pollini – Steiner (1910: 236 as L. garovaglii var. diffracta); Szatala (1957: 134 as Squamaria garovaglii var. diffractella). Lecanora caesioalba (Flörke) Körb. = L. crenulata Lecanora calcarea var. concreta Schaer. = Aspicilia calcarea Lecanora calcarea var. excrescens J. Steiner = Aspicilia excrescens Lecanora calcarea var. raucum J. Steiner = Aspicilia calcarea var. raucum Lecanora calcarea var. sphaerothallina J. Steiner = Aspicilia desertorum *Lecanora campestris (Schaer.) Hue. – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9139 (herb. Seaward 113107). Lecanora cheresina Müll. Arg. = Aspicilia cheresiana Lecanora cheresina var. granuligera J. Steiner = Aspicilia cheresina var. granuligera Lecanora chlarona (Ach.) Nyl. = L. meridionalis *Lecanora chlarotera Nyl. – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 2021 sub Punctelia subrudecta (B, TARI). – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, on bark, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9112, 9188 (herb. Seaward 113086, 113092). Lecanora cinerea var. alba Schaer. = Aspicilia cinerea var. alba Lecanora circinata var. rauca J. Steiner = Lobothallia radiosa Lecanora concolor Ramond – Steiner (1916: 33); Szatala (1957: 135 as Squamaria concolor). Lecanora crassa b. caespitosa Schaer. = Squamarina cartilaginea Lecanora crenulata Hook. – Müller (1892: 157 as L. caesioalba); Steiner (1910: 232; 1916: 31); Szatala (1940: 528; 1957: 131). – Golestan: C. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1968 sub Caloplaca decipiens (B, TARI). Khorasan: SW of Gonabad, Kalat Mt. 1950 m, 18.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1420 (B, FUMH). Lecanora cupreoatra Nyl. = Bellemerea cupreoatra 558 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. – Steiner (1910: 232); Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1940: 528; 1957: 131); Weber (1964: 5). – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1976 sub Xanthoria parietina (B, TARI). Lecanora dispersella J. Steiner – Szatala (1940: 528; 1957: 131). Lecanora dispersoareolata (Schaer.) Lamy – Müller (1892: 154 as Placodium dispersoareolatum); Steiner (1916: 33); Szatala (1957: 135 as Squamaria dispersoareolata). Lecanora esculenta Pall. em. Eversm. = Aspicilia esculenta Lecanora farinosa Flörke = Aspicilia farinosa Lecanora flotowiana Körb. – Müller (1892: 157); Sohrabi (in prep.). Lecanora frustulosa var. argopholis Link = L. argopholis Lecanora fruticulosa var. straussii J. Steiner = Aspicilia straussii Lecanora garovaglii (Körb.) Zahlbr. – Steiner (1910: 236*, incl. f. fissa); Szatala (1940: 528 as Squamaria garovaglii var. pruinosula; 1957: 134 & 135 as S. garovaglii incl. var. pruinosula & f. fissa). – Lorestan: Khoramabad, 10 km towards Alestar, Makhmal kuh, tang-e Shabikhun, 1350 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1715 (HBG, TARI). Lecanora garovaglii var. diffracta A. Massal. = L. bolcana Lecanora garovaglii f. fissa J. Steiner = L. garovaglii Lecanora garovaglii var. diffracta A. Massal. – Steiner (1910: 236); Szatala (1957: 134 as Squamaria garovaglii var. diffractella). Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. – Müller (1892: 151, 157); Steiner (1910: 232* as var. congregata); Szatala (1940: 528 as var. congregata); Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1957: 132, incl. var. coerulescens & var. congregata); Sohrabi (in prep.). Lecanora hagenii var. coerulescens (Hag.) Hazl. = L. hagenii Lecanora hagenii var. congregata J. Steiner = L. hagenii Lecanora heteromorpha J. Steiner = Rhizoplaca peltata Lecanora hoffmannii (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Aspicilia calcarea subsp. hoffmannii *Lecanora horiza (Ach.) Linds. – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 2005 sub Ramalina sinensis (B, TARI). Lecanora lentigera (Weber) Ach. = Squamarina lentigera Lecanora marginata (Schaer.) Hertel & Rambold – Buhse (1860: 243 as Lecidea elata); Szatala (1940: 522* as Lecidea iranica); Szatala (1957: 116 as Lecidea elata, incl. var. marginata). – Khorasan: Chenaran, Akhlamad valley, 1600 m, on calcareous rock, 9.2002, Haji Moniri 1532b (B, FUMH). Lecanora melanophthalma (Ramond) Ramond = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Lecanora melanophthalma var. obscura (J. Steiner) Poelt = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Lecanora melanophthalma var. obscura f. peltata J. Steiner = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Lecanora meridionalis H. Magn. – Szatala (1940: 528 as L. chlarona); Szatala (1957: 133). Lecanora microspora var. punctulata J. Steiner = Aspicilia microspora Lecanora microspora Zahlbr. = Aspicilia cheresina var. microspora Lecanora montagnei (Fr.) Schaer. = Protoparmelia montagnei Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. – Buhse (1860: 241 as L. muralis α ochroleuca); Müller (1892: 153 as Placodium saxicola & var. versicolor); Steiner (1910: 234 & 1916: 33 as var. versicolor; 1910: 236 as L. albomarginata); ?Szatala (1940: 528* as Squamaria muralis var. elbursiana); Szatala (1957: 134 as S. muralis & 135 as S. albomarginata & S. versicolor); ?Szatala (1957: 135 as S. versicolor var. elbursiana); Weber (1964: 5); Riedl (1979: 220 incl. var. versicolor). – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1895, 1901 (B, TARI). Khorasan: N of Neishabour, Sarwelayat, 1400 m, on moss, 30.4. 2002, Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1469a (B, FUMH). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1845 (herb. Seaward 112822). Lecanora muralis var. subversicolor J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 235*, incl. f. verrucigera); Szatala (1957: 136 as Squamaria versicolor var. subversicolor, incl. f. verrucigera). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 559 Lecanora muralis var. versicolor (Pers.) Tuck. = L. muralis Lecanora muralis α ochroleuca Schaer. = Lecanora muralis Lecanora peltata (Ramond) Steud. = Rhizoplaca peltata Lecanora placentiformis J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 233*); Szatala (1940: 528; 1957: 132). Lecanora polychromoides f. rubescens (J. Steiner) Szatala = Aspicilia polychromoides Lecanora polychromoides J. Steiner = Aspicilia polychromoides Lecanora radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer. = Lobothallia radiosa Lecanora reticulata var. trachytica (A. Massal.) J. Steiner = Aspicilia trachytica Lecanora riparia (Flot.) Szatala – Szatala (1940: 529 as Squamaria riparia; 1957: 134 as S. riparia). Lecanora subfusca α vulgaris Schaer. = L. argentata Lecanora subfuscata f. geographica (Flagey) Szatala = L. allophana Lecanora subfuscata H. Magn. = L. argentata *Lecanora thysanophora R. C. Harris. – Mazandaran: Sari, from Vanamak to Sarta, 4001000 m, 20.12.2003, Maassoumi 2820 (B, TARI). Lecanora umbrina var. subnigricans Vain. – Szatala (1957: 132). *Lecanora usbekica Poelt – Khorasan: Torghabeh towards Noghndar, 1450 m, 1.5.2003, Haji Moniri 1621 (B, FUMH). Chaharmahal-E Bakhtiari: C. 33 km on the road from Bardshir bridge to Kuhrang, 2250 m, 4.11.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2626 (B, TARI). Kohguilooyeh: C. 20 km from Semirom to Yassuj, 2470 m, 5.11.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2642 (B, TARI); C. 71 km from Semirom to Yassuj, 1750 m, 5.11.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2662 (B, TARI); Sepidan, c. 11 km from Bereshnan to Behesht-e Gomshodeh, 2360 m, 5.11. 2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2710 (B, TARI). Lecidea atrobrunnea (Ramond ex Lam. & DC.) Schaer. – Müller (1892: 157 as var. grandiuscula); Szatala (1957: 113). Lecidea atrobrunnea apud Steiner 1910 = Immersaria usbekica Lecidea atrobrunnea α grandiuscula Schaer. = L. atrobrunnea Lecidea decipiens (Ehrh.) Ach. = Psora decipiens Lecidea decipiens f. dealbata (A. Massal.) Jatta = Psora decipiens f. dealbata Lecidea elaeochroma (Ach.) Ach. = Lecidella elaeochroma Lecidea elata Schaer. = Lecanora marginata Lecidea elata var. marginata (Schaer.) A. Massal. = Lecanora marginata Lecidea enteroleuca var. elbursensis J. Steiner = Lecidella patavina Lecidea enteroleuca var. epipolioides J. Steiner = Lecidella patavina Lecidea epipolioides (J. Steiner) Szatala = Lecidella patavina Lecidea epipolioides var. elbursensis (J. Steiner) Szatala = Lecidella patavina Lecidea euphorea (Flörke) Nyl. = Lecidella euphorea Lecidea euphorea f. decussata Szatala = Lecidella euphorea *Lecidea fuscoatra (L.) Ach. – Lorestan: Khoramabad, 10 km towards Alestar, Makhmal kuh, tang-a Shabikhun, 1350 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi 1390, 1711 (HBG, TARI). Lecidea iranica Szatala = Lecanora marginata Lecidea latypea f. ochracea (Körb.) H. Olivier = L. plana Lecidea latypea Ach. = L. plana Lecidea olivacea f. elaeochroma (Ach.) Vain. = Lecidella elaeochroma Lecidea olivacea f. limitata (Ach.) Vain. = Lecidella elaeochroma Lecidea parasema Ach. = Lecidella elaeochroma Lecidea parasema α limitata Ach. = Lecidella elaeochroma Lecidea parasema γ saprophila Ach. = Buellia disciformis var. saprophila Lecidea parasema f. limitata (Scop.) Ach. = Lecidella elaeochroma Lecidea persica J. Steiner = L. tessellata var. caesia Lecidea plana (J. Lahm) Nyl. – Szatala (1957: 114 as L. latypea, incl. f. ochracea (Körb.) Oliv.). Lecidea polackiana Müll. Arg. = Sarcogyne polackiana 560 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Lecidea rufonigra (Tuck.) Nyl. = Psorula rufonigra Lecidea simplex Nyl. = Polysporina simplex Lecidea spilota auct. = L. tessellata Lecidea steriza (Ach.) Vain. = Porpidia macrocarpa Lecidea subbrunnea J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 215*); Szatala (1957: 115). Lecidea tessellata Flörke – Müller (1892: 157 as L. spilota); Steiner (1910: 214* as L. persica); Szatala (1940: 523 as L. persica); Szatala (1957: 115 also as L. persica); Hertel (1977: 283, 285). – Esfahan: C. 2 km to Ghohrud from Kamou, 2150 m, 18.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1852 (B, TARI). Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy – Buhse (1860: 243 as Lecidea parasema α limitata); Steiner (1916: 27 as Lecidea parasema); Szatala (1940: 523 as Lecidea olivacea f. elaeochroma & f. limitata); Szatala (1957: 113 as Lecidea elaeochroma; 1957: 114 as Lecidea parasema incl. f. limitata & f. euphoroides). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2048 (B, TARI); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2029 (B, TARI); on the Maraveh-Tappeh road from Kalaleh, c. 20 km from Chatal towards Ashkhaneh, 846 m, forest margin, 27.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1949 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, on bark, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9109 (herb. Seaward 113102). Lecidella euphorea (Flörke) Hertel – Szatala (1957: 114 as Lecidea euphorea incl. f. decussata). Lecidella patavina (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert – Steiner (1910: 213 as Lecidea enteroleuca var. epipolioides*); Steiner (1916: 27* as Lecidea enteroleuca var. elbursensis); Szatala (1957: 113 as Lecidea epipolioides & 114 as L. epipolioides var elbursensis); Hertel (1970: 55 as Lecidella spitsbergensis); Knoph (1990: 119 & 127). Lecidella spitsbergensis (Lynge) Hertel & Leuckert = L. patavina Leciographa insidens J. Steiner (LF?) – Steiner (1896: 442*). *Lempholemma polyanthes (Bernh.) Malme – Lorestan: Khoramabad, 10 km towards Alestar, Makhmal kuh, tang-a Shabikhun, 1350 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi 1394 (HBG, TARI), 1714 (HBG, TARI). *Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams ex D. Hawksw. – Mazandaran: MazandaranChalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9156 (herb. Seaward 113106). *Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb. – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 3001800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 2032 sub Peltigera praetextata (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, in Maassoumi 2116 sub Collema subflaccidum (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112705). *Leptogium hildenbrandii (Garov.) Nyl. – Gorgan: Toskaestan towards Saraliabad and Shah kuh, 1400-2000 m, 19.10.2003, Maassoumi & H. Yarmand 2768 (B, TARI). Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. – Weber (1964: 4). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2076 (B, TARI); on the MaravehTappeh road from Kalaleh, c. 20 km from Chatal towards Ashkhaneh, 846 m, 27.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1953 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Neydasht, 300 m, forest, 30.3.2003, Maassoumi 2088a (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112709); Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, on bark, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9191 (herb. Seaward 113097). Leptogium minutissimum (Flörke) Fr. – Weber (1964: 3). Leptogium saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. – Szatala (1957: 111). – Mazandaran: Ramsar, Javaherdeh, 2000 m, 21.8.2002, Maassoumi 580 (B, TARI). Gorgan: Toskaestan towards Saraliabad and Shah kuh, 1400-2000 m, 19.10.2003, Maassoumi & H. Yarmand 2767 (B, TARI). *Leptogium teretiusculum (Wallr.) Arnold. – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, Seh Hezar river, 350 m, 13.11.2002, Maassoumi 1327 (HBG, TARI). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 561 *Leptogium turgidum (Ach.) Cromb. – Golestan: On the Maraveh-Tappeh road from Kalaleh, c. 20 km from Chatal towards Ashkhaneh, 846 m, 27.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1953a (B, TARI). Leptorhaphis atomaria (Ach.) Szatala (LF) – Buhse (1860: 244 as Verrucaria punctiformis α atomaria); Szatala (1957: 106 as Arthopyrenia atomaria). Lichinella algerica (J. Steiner) P. Moreno & Egea – Szatala (1957: 109 as Gonohymenia algerica); Riedl (1979: 220 as G. algerica). Lichinella iodopulchra (Couderc ex Crozals) P. Moreno & Egea – Müller (1892: 151 as Omphalaria pulvinata β schleicheri); Szatala (1957: 110 as Thyrea pulvinata and as T. pulvinata var. schleicheri). – Golestan: Gorgan-Golestan, 680-700 m, 14.12.2001, Sohrabi 2001 (herb. Seaward 111662). Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. – Szatala (1957: 112 as Sticta pulmonaria). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2030, 2033 (B, TARI). *Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1893 sub Anaptychia roemeri (B, TARI). Lobothallia radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner – Müller (1892: 154 as Placodium radiosum); Steiner (1910: 234 as Lecanora circinata var. rauca); ?Szatala (1957: 136 as Squamaria radiosa f. subfarinosa); Riedl (1979: 220 as Lecanora radiosa). *Melanelia exasperata (De Not.) Essl. – ?Steiner (1910: 237* as Parmelia aspidota var. persica); ?Szatala (1940: 530; 1957: 139 as P. aspidota var. persica). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1997 sub Melanelia sp. (B, TARI). Melanelia exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. – Weber (1964: 6 as Parmelia exasperatula). Melanelia glabra (Schaer.) Nyl. – Oxner (1946: 83 as Parmelia glabra); Szatala (1957: 139 as P. glabra). – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1979, 1981 (B, TARI); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1999 sub Ramalina sinensis (B, TARI). *Melanelia infumata (Nyl.) Essl. – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1987 (B, TARI). *Melanelia subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl. – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1991 sub Parmelina tiliacea (B, TARI), in Maassoumi & Safavi 1985 sub Physcia tenella (B, TARI); Gorgan, 600 m, 14.12.2001, Sohrabi 21 (herb. Seaward 111661). Melaspilea gibberulosa (Ach.) Zwackh (F) – Buhse (1860: 243 as Opegrapha varia var. deformis); Szatala (1957: 108). *Milospium graphideorum (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. (LF) – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, 450600 m, roadside forest, on bark, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9171 (herb. Seaward 113121). Muellerella lichenicola (Sommerf. ex Fr.) D. Hawksw. (LF) – Steiner (1896: 445 as Tichothecium erraticum). Muellerella pygmaeum (Körb.) D. Hawksw. (LF) – Steiner (1896: 445 as Tichothecium pygmaeum). *Mycobilimbia lurida (Ach.) Hafellner & Türk – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1973 (B, TARI). *Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale – Mazandaran: Zirab, Amlak Valley, on bark, 6.10.2003, Valad Beigi 14 (B, SBUH). *Neocatapyrenium rhizinosum (Müll. Arg.) Breuss. – Azarbayejan: Bazargan, SW of Bazargan Dedovly village, 1750 m, 10.8.2002, Sohrabi & B. Alizadeh 700 (B, TARI). *Neofuscelia perrugata (Nyl.) Elix – Khorasan: Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on siliceous rock, 9.4.2002, in Haji Moniri 1436a sub Rhizocarpon geminatum (B, FUMH). 562 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Essl. – Steiner (1916: 35 as Parmelia prolixa); Szatala (1957: 139 as P. prolixa); Weber (1964: 6 as P. prolixa). *Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach. – Mazandaran: Nowshahr, Mashalak river, 200-1600 m, forest, 10.11.2002, Maassoumi 1342, 1344 (HBG, TARI). *Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. – Gilan: Talesh area, Asalem to Khalkhal Asbavuni, 0 m, 15.10.2002, Maassoumi 1362 (HBG, TARI). Omphalaria arabica Müll. Arg. = Peccania arabica Omphalaria coralloides Nyl. = Peccania coralloides Omphalaria pulvinata Nyl. = Lichinella iodopulchra Omphalodina peltata (Ramond) Follmann & Redón = Rhizoplaca peltata Opegrapha atra Pers. – Szatala (1940: 521; 1957: 107). – Mazandaran: Around Ramsar, 300 m, 14.4.2002, Maassoumi 1319 (B, TARI); Chamestan, experimental station, 400 m, 9.11.2002, Maassoumi 1352 (B, TARI). Opegrapha diaphora var. signata Nyl. = O. varia Opegrapha varia Pers. – Buhse (1860: 243 as O. varia var. hebraica); Szatala (1957: 108 as O. diaphora var. signata). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1. 2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2056 (B, TARI). Opegrapha varia var. deformis Rabenh. = Melaspilea gibberulosa Opegrapha varia var. hebraica Schaer. = Opegrapha varia *Opegrapha vermicellifera (Kunze) J. R. Laundon – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2050 (B, TARI). *Opegrapha vulgata (Ach.) Ach. – Mazandaran: Sari, from Vanamak to Sarta, 400-1000 m, 20.12.2003, Maassoumi 2801 (B, TARI). Parmelia aspidota var. persica J. Steiner = Melanelia exasperata? Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. = Flavoparmelia caperata Parmelia caperata var. cylisphora Ach. = Flavoparmelia caperata Parmelia ciliaris Ach. = Anaptychia ciliaris Parmelia ciliaris β crinalis (Schleich.) = Anaptychia crinalis Parmelia conspersa (Ach.) Ach. = Xanthoparmelia conspersa Parmelia dubia (Wulf.) Schaer. = Punctelia subrudecta Parmelia esculenta (Pall.) Spreng. = Aspicilia esculenta Parmelia exasperatula Nyl. = Melanelia exasperatula Parmelia glabra (Schaer.) Nyl. = Melanelia glabra Parmelia obscura α chloantha Schaer. = Phaeophyscia orbicularis Parmelia parietina α vulgaris Schaer. = Xanthoria parieti Parmelia prolixa (Ach.) Röhl = Neofuscelia pulla Parmelia pulchella α caesia Schaer. = Physcia caesia Parmelia quercina (Willd.) Vain. = Parmelina quercina Parmelia scortea Ach. = Parmelina tiliacea Parmelia stellaris α aipolea Schaer. = Physcia aipolea Parmelia tiliacea Ach. = Parmelina tiliacea Parmelia trichotera Hue = Parmotrema chinense Parmelia trichotera var. typica Du Rietz = Parmotrema chinense *Parmelia sulcata Taylor – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2027 (B, TARI). Parmelina quercina (Willd.) Hale – Szatala (1957: 140 as Parmelia quercina). Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale – Buhse (1860: 240 as Parmelia tiliacea); Oxner (1946: 83 as Parmelia scortea). – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1. 2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1991 (B, TARI). Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti – Szatala (1940: 530 & 1957: 140 as P. trichotera var. typica). – Mazandaran: Zirab, between Khalil Kola and Zebh Valley, on tree, 6.10. 2003, Valad Beigi 4 (B, SBUH); Zirab, Zebh Valley, on tree bark, 6.8.2003, Valad Beigi 5 (B, SBUH). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 563 Peccania arabica (Müll. Arg.) Henssen – Müller (1892: 151 as Omphalaria arabica); Szatala (1957: 110 as Thyrea arabica). – Hormozgan: Kuh-e Genu, W part, 580 m, Maassoumi & Safavi 1740 (HBG, TARI). Peccania coralloides (A. Massal.) A. Massal. – Müller (1892: 151 as Omphalaria coralloides); Szatala (1957: 110); Riedl (1979: 220). Peccania terricola H. Magn. – Sohrabi (in prep.). Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. – Weber (1964: 4). – Mazandaran: Ramsar, Javaherdeh, 2000 m, 21.8.2002, Maassoumi 574, 576, 587 (B, TARI). *Peltigera horizontalis (L.) Willd. – Gilan: Talish area, Asalem to Khalkhal Asbavuni, 0 m, 15.10.2002, Maassoumi 1358 (B, TARI). *Peltigera lepidophora (Nyl. ex Vain.) Bitter. – Mazandaran: Ramsar, Javaherdeh, 2000 m, 21.8.2002, in Maassoumi 594 sub Xanthoparmelia somloensis (B, TARI). *Peltigera polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. – Mazandaran: Ramsar, Javaherdeh, 2000 m, 21.8. 2002, Maassoumi 573 (B, TARI). *Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf – Golestan: Gorgan, Galikesh-Abparan, 540 m, 24.9.2001, Sohrabi 25 (herb. Seaward 112209); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2018, 2032 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Neydasht, 300 m, forest, 30.3.2003, Maassoumi 2091 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112940), 2092 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112935), 2095 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112937); Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, 2102 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112941), 2103 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112936), 2113 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112939), 2122 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112938). *Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. – Sohrabi (in prep.). – Mazandaran: Ramsar, Javaherdeh, 2000 m, 21.8.2002, Maassoumi 570 (B, TARI). *Peltula obscurans (Nyl.) Gyeln. – Khuzestan: C. 27 km on the road from Behbahan to Deylam, 270 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1755 (B, TARI). Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M. Choisy & Werner – Sohrabi (in prep.). Pertusaria amara var. alnea (Ach.) Erichs. – Szatala (1957: 124). Pertusaria communis DC. = P. pertusa Pertusaria leptospora Nitschke ex J. Lahm – Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1522). Pertusaria multipuncta (Turner) Nyl. – Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1521). Pertusaria pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. – Buhse (1860: 243 as P. communis); Szatala (1957: 124). Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Duby – Szatala (1940: 527; 1957: 124). *Pertusaria trachythallina Erichs. – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1995a (B). Phaeographis dendritica var. sinensigrapha (Fée) Zahlbr. – Szatala (1940: 522; 1957: 108). Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg – Müller (1892: 151as Physcia obscura); Steiner (1910: 244 as Physcia obscura var. ulothrix); Szatala (1957: 152 as Physcia ciliata). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 2005 sub Ramalina sinensis (B, TARI), in Maassoumi & Safavi 2012 sub Physcia aipolia (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Zirab, between Khalil Kola and Zebh Valley, on tree bark, 6.9.2003, in Valad Beigi 18 sub Hyperphyscia adglutinata (B, SBUH). *Phaeophyscia endophoenicea (Harm.) Moberg. – Mazandaran: Zirab, Amlak Valley, on tree bark, 6.10.2003, Valad Beigi 22 (B, SBUH). Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg – Buhse (1860: 241 as Parmelia obscura α chloantha); Oxner (1946: 84); Szatala (1957: 152). Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg – Steiner (1910: 243 as Physcia lithotea); Szatala (1957: 153 as Physcia sciastra). Phloeopeccania pulvinulina J. Steiner – Vezda (1979, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1654, as Pyrenopsis sojakii); Schultz & al. (2000: 195). Phlyctis argena (Spreng.) Flot. – Sohrabi (in prep.). *Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2065 (B, TARI); Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus 564 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1983 (B, TARI); on the Maraveh-Tappeh road from Kalaleh, c. 20 km from Chatal towards Ashkhaneh, 846 m, forest margin. 27.1. 2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1942 (B, TARI). Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. – Buhse (1860: 241 as Parmelia stellaris α aipolea); Szatala (1957: 152, incl. var. acrita). – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1988 (B, TARI); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2012 (B, TARI). Physcia aipolia var. acrita (Ach.) Hue = P. aipolia Physcia albinea (Ach.) Nyl. – Szatala (1940: 532; 1957: 152). *Physcia biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2078 (B, TARI). Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. – Buhse (1860: 241 as Parmelia pulchella α caesia); Müller (1892: 151); Szatala (1957: 152). Physcia caucasica J. Steiner = Anaptychia ulotrichoides Physcia ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz = Phaeophyscia ciliata Physcia elbursiana Szatala = Anaptychia elbursiana Physcia grisea (Lam.) Zahlbr. = Physconia grisea Physcia grisea var. elbursiana Szatala = Anaptychia elbursiana Physcia grisea var. iranica Szatala = Physconia grisea var. Physcia hispida (Hoffm.) Frège = P. tenella Physcia iranica (Szatala) Szatala = Physconia grisea var. Physcia lithotea Nyl. = Phaeophyscia sciastra Physcia muscigena f. lenta (Ach.) Vain. = Anaptychia ulotrichoides Physcia obscura Nyl. = Phaeophyscia ciliata Physcia obscura var. ulothrix Crombie = Phaeophyscia ciliata Physcia orbicularis (Neck.) Poetsch = Phaeophyscia orbicularis Physcia pulverulenta (Schreb.) Hampe = Physconia distorta Physcia sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz = Phaeophyscia sciastra Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. – Steiner (1910: 244); Oxner (1946: 84); Szatala (1957: 152). Physcia stellaris var. rosulata (Ach.) Nyl. em. Flagey – Szatala (1957: 152). Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. – Oxner (1946: 83 as P. hispida). – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1985 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Zirab, Amlak Valley, on tree bark, 6.10.2003, in Valad Beigi 23 sub Xanthoria parietina (B, SBUH). Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. – Szatala (1940: 533; 1957: 152); Sohrabi (in prep.). Physconia distorta (With.) J. R. Laundon – Oxner (1946: 84 as Physcia pulverulenta); Szatala (1957: 152 as P. pulverulenta). – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1980 (B, TARI); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1995 (B, TARI). Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt – Oxner (1946: 84 as Physcia grisea); Sohrabi (in prep.). Physconia grisea var. iranica (Szatala) [ad interim] – Szatala (1940: 532* as Physcia grisea var. iranica); Szatala (1957: 153 as Physcia iranica). *Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1982, 1984, 1990 (B, TARI). Placidium aegyptiacum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Dermatocarpon aegyptiacum Placidium crassum (Anzi) Szatala = Verrucaria crassa Placidium hepaticum (Ach.) Arnold = Placidium squamulosum Placidium hepaticum f. nigratum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Placidium squamulosum Placidium iranicum Szatala = Verrucaria fuscula Placidium lachneum (Ach.) Bouly de Lesd. – Szatala (1957: 104); Riedl (1979: 219 as Dermatocarpon lachneum). Placidium lachneum var. pruinatum (J. Steiner) Szatala – Szatala (1957: 104). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 565 Placidium lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss – Breuss (1998: 664). Placidium monstrosum (Schaer.) A. Massal. = Placocarpus schaereri *Placidium pilosellum (Breuss) Breuss. – Khorasan: Chenaran, Akhlamad valley, 1600 m, soil, 9.2002, Haji Moniri 1523 (B, FUMH). Placidium rufescens (Ach.) Breuss – Müller (1892: 158 as Endopyrenium rufescens); Breuss (1990: 11 as Catapyrenium rufescens). Placidium semaforonense (Breuss) Breuss – Breuss (1990: 114 as Catapyrenium semaforonense; 1998: 665). – Hormozgan: Kuh-e Genu, W part, 580 m, 2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1744 (B, TARI). Khuzestan: C. 27 km on the road from Behbahan to Deylam, 270 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1756 (B, TARI); c. 62 km on the road from Ramhormoz to Behbahan, 221 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1751 (B, TARI). Lorestan: C. 60 km towards Andimeshk from Khoramabad, 424 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1734 (B, TARI). Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss – Müller (1892: 158 as Endopyrenium hepaticum, incl. var. nigrata); Szatala (1957: 104 as P. hepaticum, incl. f. nigratum); Breuss (1990: 125 as Catapyrenium squamulosum; 1998: 666). – Golestan: Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1931 (B, TARI). Khuzestan: C. 62 km on the road from Ramhormoz to Behbahan, 221 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1752 (B, TARI). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1839 (B, TARI). Placidium tenellum (Breuss) Breuss – Breuss (1998: 667). Placidium tumidulum (Lamb.) Szatala = Dermatocarpon tumidulum Placidium verruculosum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Dermatocarpon verruculosum Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.) Breuss – Müller (1892: 158 as Endopyrenium monstrosum); Szatala (1957: 105 as Placidium monstrosum). – Golestan: C. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1907 (B, TARI). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1842 (B, TARI). Placodium aegyptiacum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Caloplaca aegyptiaca Placodium aegyptiacum var. ochraceum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Caloplaca aegyptiaca Placodium bullatum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Caloplaca bullata Placodium cerinum (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Naeg. ex Hepp = Caloplaca cerina Placodium cerinum f. dispersum (H. Olivier) Szatala = Caloplaca cerina Placodium cerinum var. cyanoleprum (DC.) Anzi = Caloplaca cerina var. cyanolepra Placodium cervinum f. normalis A. Massal. = Acarospora cervina Placodium cervinum Müll. Arg. = Acarospora cervina Placodium cervinum var. larvatum Müll. Arg. = Acarospora cervina f. larvata Placodium cervinum var. ochraceum Müll. Arg. = Acarospora ochracea Placodium cervinum var. percaenum Müll. Arg. = Acarospora cervina Placodium chrysoleucum var. opacum Körb. = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Placodium crassum (Huds.) Link = Squamarina cartilaginea Placodium crassum var. deserti Müll. Arg. = Squamarina cartilaginea? Placodium crassum var. melaloma (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Squamarina cartilaginea? Placodium dispersoareolatum Körb. = Lecanora dispersoareolatum Placodium fulgens var. bracteatum Müll. Arg. = Fulgensia bracteata Placodium inspersum (J. Steiner) Szatala = Caloplaca aegyptiaca Placodium interruptum Müll. Arg. = Acarospora strigata Placodium interruptum var. nudum Müll. Arg. = Acarospora placenta Placodium interveniens (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Caloplaca aegyptiaca Placodium lacteum (A. Massal.) Räsänen = Caloplaca lactea Placodium lacteum f. laetior (J. Steiner) Szatala (Iranian records) = Caloplaca marmorata Placodium luteoalbum (Pers.) Anzi = Caloplaca luteoalba Placodium microphthalmum Müll. Arg. = Acarospora bullata 566 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Placodium paepalostomum Anzi = Caloplaca variabilis Placodium peltatum (Ramond) Arnold = Rhizoplaca peltata Placodium persicum Müll. Arg. = Aspicilia persica Placodium pyraceum (Ach.) Anzi = Caloplaca holocarpa Placodium pyraceum var. muscicolum (Schaer.) Szatala = Caloplaca holocarpa? Placodium pyraceum var. pyrithromum (Ach.) A. L. Sm. = Caloplaca holocarpa Placodium radiosum A. Massal. = Lobothallia radiosa Placodium rubinum (Vill.) Müll. Arg. = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca Placodium salicinum (Schrad.) Szatala = Caloplaca salicina Placodium saxicola A. Massal. = Lecanora muralis Placodium saxicola var. versicolor Körb. = Lecanora muralis Placodium stapfianum Müll. Arg. = Acarospora stapfiana Placodium stillicidiorum f. flavum (Anzi) Szatala = Caloplaca cerina f. flava Placodium variabile (Pers.) Hepp = Caloplaca variabilis Placodium variabile var. acrustaceum (Müll. Arg.) A. L. Sm. = Caloplaca alociza Placodium variabile var. candidum (Stizenb.) Szatala = Caloplaca aegyptiaca Placodium variabile var. lecideinum (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Caloplaca diphyodes Placodium velanum (A. Massal.) Szatala = Caloplaca velana Placodium velanum var. persicum (Szatala) Szatala = Caloplaca flavovirescens var. persica Placodium velanum var. placidium (A. Massal.) Szatala = Caloplaca velana Placothallia hueana (Vain.) Szatala = Dimelaena oreina Placothallia oreina (Ach.) Szatala = Dimelaena oreina *Placopyrenium bucekii (Nadv. & Servit) Breuss – Lorestan: Khoramabad, 10 km towards Alestar, Makhmal kuh, tang-a Shabikhun, 1350 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi 1701, 1707 (HBG, TARI). *Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray – Lorestan: C. 44 km on the road from Khoramabad to Andimeshk, 1000 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi 1722 (HBG, TARI). Pleopsidium chlorophanum (Wahlenb.) Zopf – Steiner (1916: 29 as Acarospora chlorophana); Szatala (1957: 121 as A. chlorophana). Pleopsidium flavum (Bellard) Körb. – Magnusson (1929: 102 as Acarospora oxytona); Szatala (1957: 121 as Acarospora oxytona). Pleurosticta acetabulum (Neck.) Elix & Lumbsch – Sohrabi (in prep.). *Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) S. Gray – Lorestan: C. 44 km on the road from Khoramabad to Andimeshk, 1000 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi 1723, 1729 (HBG, TARI). Polysporina pusilla (Anzi) M. Steiner & Vezda – Steiner (1910: 216 as Biatorella pusilla); Szatala (1957: 119 as Sarcogyne pusilla). Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vezda – Müller (1892: 157 as Lecidea simplex); Szatala (1957: 119 as Sarcogyne simplex). Polysporina urceolata (Anzi) Brodo – Steiner (1910: 216 as Biatorella urceolata); Szatala (1957: 119 as Sarcogyne urceolata). *Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. – Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2117a (B, TARI). Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab – Szatala (1957: 115 as L. steriza). *Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner – Mazandaran: Around Ramsar, 300 m, 14.4. 2002, Maassoumi 1315 (HBG, TARI). Protoparmelia montagnei (Fr.) Poelt & Nimis – Steiner (1916: 31 as Lecanora montagnei); Szatala (1957: 132 as L. montagnei). Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. – Müller (1892: 156); Oxner (1946: 82); Szatala (1957: 116 as Lecidea decipiens); Weber (1964: 4 as L. decipiens); Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1559 as L. decipiens); Riedl (1979: 220). – Golestan: C. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1958 (B, TARI); MaravehTappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi Willdenowia 34 – 2004 567 1922 (B, TARI). Khorasan: Torbatejam, S of Salehabad, 1100 m, on soil, 25.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1433a (B, FUMH). Khuzestan: C. 27 km on the road from Behbahan to Deylam, 270 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1757 (B, TARI); c. 62 km on the road from Ramhormoz to Behbahan, 221 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1750 (B, TARI). Psora decipiens f. dealbata A. Massal. – Szatala (1957: 116 as Lecidea decipiens f. dealbata). *Psora vallesiaca (Schaer.) Timdal – Lorestan: C. 44 km on the road from Khoramabad to Andimeshk, 1000 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1730 (HBG, TARI). Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray – Szatala (1957: 112). Psorotichia frustulosa Anzi – Steiner (1896: 437). Psorotichia lugubris (A. Massal.) Arnold – Riedl (1979: 220). Psorotichia lugubris var. buschirensis J. Steiner – Steiner (1896: 436*); Szatala (1957: 110). Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) G. Schneider – Weber (1964: 4 as Lecidea rufonigra). *Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog – Mazandaran: Zirab, Amlak Valley, on bark, 6.10.2003, Valad Beigi 12 (B, SBUH); Zirab, between Khalil Kola and Zebh Valley, on tree bark, 6.10.2003, Valad Beigi 2 (B, SBUH). Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog – Szatala (1957: 140 as Parmelia dubia). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2021 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Zirab, between Khalil Kola and Zebh Valley, on tree, 6.9.2003, Valad Beigi 24-27 (B, SBUH). Pyrenopsis sojakii Vezda = Phloeopeccania pulvinulina Pyrenula chlorospila Arnold – Szatala (1940: 521 as P. nitidella f. chlorospila); Szatala (1957: 107). Pyrenula imperfecta (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = P. subelliptica *Pyrenula laevigata (Pers.) Arnold – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 3001800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2019 (B, TARI). *Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. – Mazandaran: Sari, from Vanamak to Sarta, 400-1000 m, 20.12.2003, Maassoumi 2802, 2806 (B, TARI). Pyrenula nitidella f. chlorospila (Nyl.) Szatala = P. chlorospila Pyrenula subelliptica (Tuck.) R. C. Harris – Vezda (1978, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1552 as P. imperfecta); Harris (1989: 101). – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2025 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2104 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112823), 2109 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112704). *Pyrgidium montellicum (Beltr.) Tibell – Mazandaran: Nowshahr, Mashalak river, 200-1600 m, forest, 10.11.2002, Maassoumi 1348 (HBG, TARI). *Ramalina baltica Lettau – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2067 (B, TARI). *Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. – Azarbayejan: Bazargan towards Boralan, beside road towards Ararat Mt, 1400 m, 10.8.2002, Sohrabi & B. Alizadeh 683 (B, TARI). Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. – Steiner (1916: 36); Szatala (1940: 530 as var. gracilenta & 1957: 140, incl. var. gracilenta). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2058 (B, TARI); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2031 (B, TARI); Gorgan, 650 m, 14.12.2001, Sohrabi 27 (herb. Seaward 111683). Mazandaran: Tonekabon, She-hezar towards Lireh-sar, 400 m, forest, 28.3.2003, Maassoumi 2105 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112710). Ramalina farinacea var. gracilenta Ach. = R. farinacea Ramalina farinacea var. phalerata (Ach.) Ach. – Szatala (1957: 140). *Ramalina nervulosa (Müll. Arg.) Des Abb. – Mazandaran: Zirab, Amlak Valley, on bark, 6.10.2003, Valad Beigi 10 (B, SBUH), 17 (B); Zirab, between Khalil Kola and Zebh Valley, tree bark, 6.9.2003, Valad Beigi 19 (B, SBUH). Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. – Buhse (1860: 240); Szatala (1957: 141); Sohrabi (in prep.). 568 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Ramalina pollinaria f. cucullata Harm. – Szatala (1957: 141). Ramalina scopulorum (Retz.) Ach. = R. siliquosa ?Ramalina siliquosa (Huds.) A. L. Sm. – Szatala (1957: 141 as R. scopulorum). – Note: doubtful record; this is a seashore species unlikely to occur in Iran. Ramalina sinensis Jatta – Szatala (1957: 141); Weber (1964: 6). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2057 (B, TARI); Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1986 (B, TARI); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1999, 2005 (B, TARI). Ramalina thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. – Szatala (1957: 141). Rhizocarpon alpicola (Anzi) Rabenh. – Müller (1892: 158 as R. geographicum var. alpicola); Szatala (1957: 117 as Catocarpus oreites). Rhizocarpon concretum (Ach.) Elenkin = R. geminatum Rhizocarpon disporum (Naeg. ex Hepp) Müll. Arg. – Müller (1892: 158); Weber (1964: 4). Rhizocarpon geminatum Körb. – Steiner (1910: 216; 1916: 28 as R. montagnei); Szatala (1940: 523 as R. concretum); Szatala (1957: 118 & as R. montagnei). – Khorasan: Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on siliceous rock, 9.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1436a (B, FUMH). Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. – Szatala (1957: 118); Weber (1964: 4); Sohrabi (in prep.). – Khorasan: Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on siliceous rock, 9.4.2002, in Haji Moniri 1436a sub R. geminatum (B, FUMH). Rhizocarpon geographicum f. lecanorinum Flörke = R. lecanorinum Rhizocarpon geographicum var. alpicola (Anzi) A. Massal. (in Müller 1892: 158) = R. alpicola Rhizocarpon laevigata (Ach.) Malme = R. archaea Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Anders – Steiner (1910: 216 as R. geographicum f. lecanorinum); Szatala (1957: 118). Rhizocarpon montagnei (Flot.) Körb. = R. geminatum Rhizocarpon viridiatrum (Wulfen) Körb. – Szatala (1940: 523; 1957: 118). – Khorasan: Neishabour towards Kashmar, Rivash, Kalateh Teimour, 1550 m, on calcareous rock, 9.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1436c (B, FUMH). Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf – Müller (1892: 153 as Placodium rubinum); Szatala (1957: 136 as Squamaria rubina); Oxner (1946: 83 as P. rubinum); Sohrabi (in prep.). Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt – Müller (1892: 153 as Placodium chrysoleucum var. opacum); Steiner (1916: 33 as Lecanora melanophthalma & 34 as L. melanophthalma var. obscura f. peltata); Szatala (1957: 136 as Squamaria melanophthalma). – Esfahan: C. 2 km to Ghohrud from Kamou, 2150 m, 18.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1855 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112736). – Khorasan: N of Neishabour, Sarwelayat, 1400 m, on rock, 30.4.2002, Haji Moniri & Joharchi 1471 (B, FUMH). Rhizoplaca peltata (Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt – Steiner (1910: 236 as Lecanora heteromorpha; 1916: 33 as L. heteromorpha); Szatala (1940: 529 as Squamaria peltata &. f. nigromarginata); Magnusson (1940: 122 as L. peltata); Oxner (1946: 83 as Placodium peltatum); Szatala (1957: 136 as S. peltata, incl. f. nigromarginata); Weber (1964: 5 as L. peltata); Vezda (1974, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1217 as Omphalodina peltata). – Esfahan: C. 2 km to Ghohrud from Kamou, 2150 m, 18.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1853 (B, TARI). Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arnold – Szatala (1940: 532 as R. laevigata; 1957: 149). Rinodina bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal. – Steiner (1896: 439); Szatala (1940: 532 as var. protuberans); Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1957: 150). – Golestan: Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, in Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1920 sub Candelariella aurella (B, TARI). Khorasan: Chenaran, Akhlamad valley, 800 m, on calcareous rock, 9.2002, Haji Moniri 1522 (B, FUMH). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1833 (B, TARI). Rinodina bischoffii var. aegyptiaca Müll. Arg. = R. dubyana Rinodina bischoffii var. convexula Flagey – Steiner (1910: 242); Szatala (1957: 150). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 569 Rinodina bischoffii var. leucomelas Müll. Arg. = R. dubyana Rinodina bischoffii var. ochrata J. Steiner = R. guzzinii Rinodina bischoffii var. protuberans Körb. = R. bischoffii Rinodina controversa A. Massal. = Rinodinella controversa Rinodina dubyana (Hepp) J. Steiner – Müller (1892: 157 as R. bischoffii var. aegyptiaca); Szatala (1940: 532 & 1957: 150 as R. bischoffii var. leucomelas); Szatala (1957: 150 as R. bischoffii var. aegyptiaca). Rinodina exigua (Ach.) Gray – Steiner (1916: 38); Szatala (1957: 150). Rinodina guzzinii Jatta – Steiner (1910: 242* as R. bischoffii var. ochrata); Szatala (1957: 150 as R. bischoffii var. ochrata); Mayrhofer (1984: 418, 420). Rinodina hueana Vain. = Dimelaena oreina Rinodina immersa (Körb.) Zahlbr. – Szatala (1940: 532; 1957: 150); Mayrhofer (1984: 425). Rinodina immersa f. perexigua (Müll. Arg.) Szatala – Szatala (1957: 150). Rinodina laevigata (Ach.) Malme = R. archaea Rinodina oreina (Ach.) A. Massal. = Dimelaena oreina Rinodina pycnocarpa H. Magn. – Mayrhofer (1984: 455). Rinodina straussii J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 242*); Szatala (1957: 150); Mayrhofer & Poelt (1979: 145); Mayrhofer (1984: 456, 458). Rinodina turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körb. – Szatala (1957: 151). Rinodinella controversa (A. Massal.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt – Müller (1892: 157 as Rinodina controversa); Szatala (1957: 150 as Rinodina controversa). Sarcogyne clavus (DC.) Kremp. – Weber (1964: 5). Sarcogyne polackiana (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn. – Müller (1892: 157* as Lecidea polackiana); Szatala (1957: 119). Sarcogyne pruinosa auct. = S. regularis Sarcogyne pusilla Anzi = Polysporina pusilla Sarcogyne regularis Körb. – Steiner (1896: 441 as Biatorella pruinosa); Szatala (1957: 119); Riedl (1979: 220). – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, on stone, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9153 (herb. Seaward 113115). Sarcogyne simplex (Davies) Nyl. = Polysporina simplex Sarcogyne urceolata Anzi = Polysporina urceolata *Schismatomma decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauzade & Vezda – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2049 (B, TARI). Solenopsora asperatula (J. Steiner) Zahlbr. – Steiner (1896: 439* as Lecania asperatula); Szatala (1957: 138). Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. – Szatala (1957: 112). Sphaerothallia aschabadensis (J. Steiner) Szatala = Aspicilia aschabadensis Sphaerothallia desertorum (Kremp.) Szatala = Aspicilia desertorum Sphaerothallia esculenta (Pall.) Reichert = Aspicilia esculenta Sphaerothallia straussii (J. Steiner) Szatala = Aspicilia straussii Squamaria albomarginata (Nyl.) Räsänen = Lecanora muralis Squamaria concolor (Ramond) Nyl. = Lecanora concolor Squamaria crassa f. melaloma (Ach.) Duby = Squamarina cartilaginea Squamaria crassa var. caespitosa (Vill.) Anzi = Squamarina cartilaginea Squamaria dispersoareolata (Schaer.) Anzi = Lecanora dispersoareolata Squamaria farinosa (Anzi) Szatala = Aspicilia farinosa Squamaria farinosa var. rauca (J. Steiner) Szatala = Aspicilia farinosa Squamaria garovaglii (Körb.) Anzi = Lecanora garovaglii Squamaria garovaglii f. fissa J. Steiner = Lecanora garovaglii Squamaria garovaglii var. diffractella (J. Steiner) Szatala = Lecanora bolcana Squamaria garovaglii var. fissa (J. Steiner) Szatala = Lecanora garovaglii 570 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Squamaria garovaglii var. pruinosula (J. Steiner) Szatala = Lecanora garovaglii Squamaria iparia (Flot.) Szatala = Lecanora riparia Squamaria lentigera (Weber) DC. = Squamarina lentigera Squamaria lentigera var. deserti Nyl. = Squamarina lentigera Squamaria melanophthalma (Ramond) DC. = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Squamaria muralis (Schreb.) Elenkin = Lecanora muralis Squamaria muralis var. elbursiana Szatala = Lecanora muralis var.? Squamaria peltata (Ramond) DC. = Rhizoplaca peltata Squamaria peltata f. nigromarginata Nyl. = Rhizoplaca peltata Squamaria persica (Müll. Arg.) Szatala = Aspicilia persica Squamaria radiosa f. subfarinosa (Nyl.) Szatala = Lobothallia radiosa? Squamaria rubina (Vill.) Hoffm. = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca Squamaria versicolor (Pers.) H. Olivier = Lecanora muralis Squamaria versicolor var. elbursiana (Szatala) Szatala = Lecanora muralis var.? Squamaria versicolor var. subversicolor (J. Steiner) Szatala = Lecanora muralis var. subversicolor Squamaria versicolor var. subversicolor f. verrucigera (J. Steiner) Szatala = Lecanora muralis var. subversicolor Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James – Buhse (1860: 241 as Lecanora crassa b. caespitosa); Müller (1892: 154 as Placodium crassum); ?Müller (1892: 154* as P. crassum var. deserti); ?Müller (1892: 154* as P. crassum var. melaloma); Oxner (1946: 83 as P. crassum); Szatala (1957: 134 as Squamaria crassa var. caespitosa, incl. f. melaloma). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2083 (B, TARI); c. 15 km to Maraveh-Tappeh from Inch-e Borun, opposite Hemat Abbad, 169 m, on calcareous rock, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1897 (B, TARI); c. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1957 (B, TARI). Khorasan: Kalat, Gharehsou waterfall, 1050 m, 9.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1653 (FUMH). *Squamarina concrescens (Müll. Arg.) Poelt – Lorestan: Khoramabad, 10 km towards Alestar, Makhmal kuh, tang-a Shabikhun, 1350 m, 5.11.2002, Maassoumi 1397 (HBG, TARI). *Squamarina gypsacea (Sm.) Poelt – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2081 (B, TARI); Golestan forest, 925 m, 21.1.2003, in Maassoumi & Safavi 1973 sub Mycobilimbia lurida (B, TARI). Squamarina lentigera (Weber) Poelt – Steiner (1916: 33 as Lecanora lentigera); Szatala (1957: 134as Squamaria lentigera, incl. var. deserti); Weber (1964: 5 as L. lentigera); Vezda (1974, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1216); Riedl (1979: 220). – Khorasan: Torghabeh towards Noghndar, 1450 m, 1.5.2003, Haji Moniri 1537 (B, FUMH). Khuzestan: C. 62 km on the road from Ramhormoz to Behbahan, 221 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1749 (B, TARI). *Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi) P. M. Jørg. & Henssen – Mazandaran: Ramsar, towards Janat rudbar, 1000 m, 2.4.2003, Maassoumi 2134 (B, TARI). Staurothele ambrosiana (A. Massal.) Zschacke – Steiner (1916: 24); Szatala (1957: 106 as Endocarpon ambrosianum). Staurothele clopima (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. – Müller (1892: 159); Szatala (1940: 521 as S. clopima f. protuberans); Szatala (1957: 106 as Endocarpon clopimum). Staurothele clopima f. protuberans (Schaer.) J. Steiner = Staurothele clopima *Staurothele hymenogonia (Nyl.) Th. Fr. – Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1837 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112788). Staurothele orbicularis var. orientalis J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 212*); Szatala (1957: 106). Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Birola = Lobaria pulmonaria Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner – Weber (1964: 5 as Lecanora atra). Willdenowia 34 – 2004 571 Thalloidima (Thalloedaema) coeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Poetsch = Toninia sedifolia Thalloidima granulosa Szatala = Toninia weberi Thalloidima rechingeri Szatala = Catillaria cf. chalybeia Thrombium corticolum J. Steiner – Steiner (1910: 212*); Szatala (1957: 103). Thrombium stereocarpum J. Steiner – Steiner (1896: 444*); Magnusson (1940: 21); Szatala (1957: 102). Thyrea arabica (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Peccania arabica Thyrea pulvinata (Schaer.) A. Massal. = Lichinella iodopulchra Thyrea pulvinata var. schleicheri (Hepp) Arnold = Lichinella iodopulchra Tichothecium calcaricola (Mudd) Arnold = Endococcus rugulosus Tichothecium erraticum A. Massal. = Muellerella lichenicola Tichothecium pygmaeum Körb. = Muellerella pygmaeum Toninia aromatica (Sm.) A. Massal. – Steiner (1896: 441 as var. acervulata); Szatala (1957: 116). Toninia aromatica var. acervulata Th. Fr. = Toninia aromatica Toninia candida (Weber) Th. Fr. – Oxner (1946: 82). – Golestan: Golestan, 650 m, 14.12. 2001, Sohrabi 24 (herb. Seaward 111664); Golestan forest, 925 m, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1971 (B, TARI). Khorasan: Road of Mashhad to Kalat, Ortokand, 1365 m, on soil, 17.9.2002, Haji Moniri 1492 (FUMH). *Toninia cinereovirens (Schaer.) A. Massal. – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2087 (B, TARI). Toninia coeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = T. sedifolia *Toninia diffracta (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. – Esfahan: Ghohrud, c. 10 km on the road to Kashan, Shahsavaran pass, 2031 m, on rock, 18.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1862 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112790). Golestan: C. 20 km on the road from Eslamabad to Ashkane, 615 m, on calcareous rock, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1964 (B, TARI); Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1916, 1929 (B, TARI). Khorasan: Road from Kashmar to Neishabour, 15 km N of Kashmar, 1400 m, on soil, 10.4.2002, Haji Moniri 1453a, 1453b (B, FUMH). Kuhgiluye O Boirahmad: C. 30 km on the road from Yassuj to Semirom, 1850 m, 17.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1847 (B, TARI). *Toninia physaroides (Opiz) Zahlbr. – Khorasan: Road of Mashhad to Kalat, Ortokand, 1365 m, on moss, 17.9.2002, Haji Moniri 1480a (B, FUMH). Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal – Müller (1892: 156 as Thalloidima coeruleonigricans); Oxner (1946: 82 as Toninia coeruleonigricans); Szatala (1957: 116 as Thalloedaema coeruleonigricans); Weber (1964: 4 as Toninia coeruleonigricans); Riedl (1979: 220 as T. coeruleonigricans); Timdal (1991: 97). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2084, 2085 (B, TARI); c. 40 km on the road from Aghala to Inch-e Borun, around Alagol Lake, 45 m, on soil, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1890 (B, TARI); Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1924 (B, TARI). Khorasan: Road of Mashhad to Kalat, Ortokand, 1365 m, on moss, 17.9.2002, Haji Moniri 1480a (B, FUMH). Khuzestan: C. 62 km on the road from Ramhormoz to Behbahan, 221 m, 16.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1748 (B, TARI). Toninia taurica (Szatala) Oksner – Sohrabi (in prep.). Toninia weberi Timdal – Szatala (1954: 133* & 1957: 117 as Thalloidima granulosa); Lamb (1963: 701 as T. granulosa); Timdal (1991: 118). *Tornabea scutellifera (With.) J. R. Laundon – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2063, 2064 (B, TARI); on the MaravehTappeh road from Kalaleh, c. 20 km from Chatal towards Ashkhaneh, 846 m, forest margin, 27.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1944, 1946 (B, TARI). 572 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran *Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) Choisy – Mazandaran: Around Ramsar, 300 m, 14.4.2002, Maassoumi 1316 (HBG, TARI); Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9173 (herb. Seaward 113091). *Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. – E Azerbaijan: Jolfa-Daran village, Kiamakidagh, 2800-3000 m, on siliceous rock, 26.7.2001, Sohrabi 26 (herb. Sohrabi, herb. Seaward 111660). Umbilicaria cylindrica var. tornata (Ach.) Nyl. – Steiner (1916: 28 as Gyrophora cylindrica var. tornata); Szatala 1957: 119 as G. cylindrica var. tornata). Usnea articulata (L.) Hoffm. – Weber (1964: 7). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2051 (B, TARI); Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2003 (B, TARI). Usnea barbata a. campestris = U. hirta Usnea barbata b. hirta Hoffm. = U. hirta Usnea hirta (L.) F. H. Wigg. – Buhse (1860: 240 as U. barbata a. campestris and U. barbata b. hirta); Szatala (1957: 141). *Usnea lapponica Vain. s.l. – Golestan: Kordkooy, 5 km towards Radkan, 300-1800 m, mixed forest, 28.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1995 (B, TARI). Verrucaria alba Schrad. = Acrocordia gemmata Verrucaria buschirensis J. Steiner – Steiner (1896: 443*); Szatala (1957: 101); Riedl (1979: 219). Verrucaria compacta (A. Massal.) Jatta – Riedl (1979: 219 as Dermatocarpon compactum). Verrucaria crassa (Anzi) Jatta – Müller (1892: 158 as Endopyrenium crassum); Szatala (1957: 105 as Placidium crassum). – Note: See Breuss (1990: 141) regarding the taxonomic position of this taxon. Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch – Szatala (1957: 102 as V. glaucina, probably this). – Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450-600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9177 (herb. Seaward 113093). Verrucaria fuscula Nyl. – Szatala (1954: 131* & 1957: 104 as Placidium iranicum); Lamb (1963: 567 as P. iranicum); Breuss (1994: 17). Verrucaria glaucina Ach. = V. fuscella *Verrucaria lecideoides Trevisan – Lorestan: C. 35 km from Boroujerd to Khoramabad, c. 2 km after Dorud deviation, 1632 m, 14.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1372 (HBG, TARI). Verrucaria lecideoides var. minuta Hepp = V. minuta. Verrucaria macrostoma Dufour ex DC. – Müller (1892: 159* as f. nigrata); Szatala (1957: 102 as f. nigrata); Szatala (1957: 102). Verrucaria macrostoma f. nigrata Müll. Arg. = V. macrostoma Verrucaria marmorea (Scop.) Arnold – Sohrabi (in prep.). Verrucaria minuta (Hepp) Zschacke – Szatala (1957: 102 as V. lecideoides var. minuta). Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. – Müller (1892: 159); Steiner (1896: 437, 440, 443, 445); Szatala (1957: 102). – Golestan: C. 12 km from Aliabad towards Zaringol, 420 m, 29.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 2060 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Mazandaran-Chalus, roadside forest, 450600 m, 20.7.2004, Sohrabi 9149 (herb. Seaward 113100). Verrucaria punctiformis γ atomaria Schaer. = Leptorhaphis atomaria Verrucaria rhyponta γ aterrima Schaer. = Arthopyrenia rhyponta Verrucula aegyptiaca J. Steiner = Dermatocarpon aegyptiacum Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale (s.l.) – Weber (1964: 6 as Parmelia conspersa s.l.). Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. – Steiner (1910: 242 as X. lychnea); Oxner (1946: 83); Szatala (1957: 147). ?Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. – Szatala (1957: 147 as X. parietina var. ectanea). Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr. – Müller (1892: 153 as Amphiloma elegans); Steiner (1910: 240 as Caloplaca elegans); Szatala (1940: 531 as Gasparrinia elegans); Szatala (1957: 147); Weber (1964: 7 as C. elegans). – Esfahan: C. 2 km to Ghohrud from Kamou, 2150 m, Willdenowia 34 – 2004 573 18.11.2002, Maassoumi & Safavi 1849 (B, TARI), 1851 (B, TARI, herb. Seaward 112646). Khorasan: Road of Mashhad to Kalat, Ortokand, 1365 m, 17.9.2002, Haji Moniri 1491 (B, FUMH). Xanthoria elegans var. tenuis (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. – Steiner (1910: 241 as Caloplaca elegans f. tenuis); Szatala (1940: 532 as Gasparrinia elegans var. tenuis); Szatala (1957: 147 as var. tenuis). Xanthoria fallax (Hepp) Arnold – Szatala (1957: 147 as X. substellaris). – Golestan: On the Maraveh-Tappeh road from Kalaleh, c. 20 km from Chatal towards Ashkhaneh, 846 m, forest margin, 27.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1950 (B, TARI). Xanthoria fulva (Hoffm.) Poelt & Petutschnig – Sohrabi (in prep.). Xanthoria lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr. = X. candelaria Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. – Buhse (1860: 241 as Parmelia parietina α vulgaris); Szatala (1957: 147); Weber (1964: 7) – Golestan: Golestan forest, 925 m, on Quercus macranthera tree, 21.1.2003, Maassoumi & Safavi 1974, 1976 (B, TARI); Maraveh-Tappeh, c. 8 km towards Ghazan Ghayeh, 170 m, 26.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1915 (B, TARI); Maraveh-Tappeh, on the pass towards Ghapan, 800 m, on scattered dwarfshrubs, 27.1.2003, Maassoumi, Sohrabi & Safavi 1936 (B, TARI). Mazandaran: Zirab, Amlak Valley, on tree bark, 6.10.2003, Valad Beigi 23 (B, SBUH). Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea (Ach.) Kickx = X. ectaneoides? Xanthoria persica (J. Steiner) Szatala = Caloplaca persica Xanthoria polycarpoides J. Steiner = Caloplaca polycarpoides Xanthoria polycarpoides var. persica J. Steiner = Caloplaca persica Xanthoria steineri Lamb – Vezda (1974, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1249). Xanthoria substellaris (Ach.) Vain. = X. fallax Discussion and conclusions Since the first accounts of lichens from Iran were published, general knowledge of lichen taxonomy has increased considerably and as a consequence the delimitation of many taxa has changed. Therefore the identity of many literature reports for Iran is uncertain, and a re-examination of the underlying specimens would be required to assess their correct position. Thus the synonymies in the above list are often tentative, assuming that the underlying material is correctly identified after current interpretations. Taxa not confirmed by observations after 1970 are often doubtful. Of particular concern are the infraspecific taxa. Such taxa have been used extensively to describe morphological variation of uncertain taxonomic value in the first half of the 20th century. Currently, formal taxonomy is mostly restricted to variation that is likely to reflect genetic differences; this is usually given specific value, and infraspecific taxa are scarcely used. Accordingly, the current taxonomic position of many infraspecific taxa reported from Iran is uncertain and in the above list they have been included in the pertinent species unless indications for the contrary exist. As the list shows, currently 396 species of lichenized fungi, lichenicolous fungi and related taxa are known for Iran; this includes 97 species that are newly reported. The high number of new reports clearly indicates that the lichen flora is still incompletely investigated and that the number of species actually occurring in Iran is very much higher. An indication is the report of about 350 taxa from a single mountain range in adjacent Azerbaijan by Barkhalov (1975). In view of the presence of several mountain chains rising up to 5000 m and of very humid montane forests as well as deserts in Iran, it seems more than likely that over 1000 species are present in the country. The checklist contains many lichens widespread in Europe and temperate Asia, and suggests that this is the main phytogeographical element in the Iranian lichen flora. However, it may be over-represented, because the pertinent lichens are much better known and more easily identifi- 574 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran able. Nevertheless some predominantly European species, such as Opegrapha vermicellifera, seem to have their eastern limit in Iran. In general, species known only from SW Asia are poorly known and the possibility cannot be excluded that many of them will end up as synonyms of more widespread species. This concerns in particular the listed 61 taxa based on Iranian type specimens: they should not be interpreted as a sign of a specialized flora rich in endemic species, but rather as a result of poor knowledge. Of particular interest is the presence of species that are unknown or very rare in Europe but common in eastern North America and East Asia, such as Ramalina sinensis and Myelochroa aurulenta. Particularly remarkable is Pyrenula subelliptica, which has its main range in eastern North America and appears to be absent from elsewhere in Eurasia, and Cladonia awasthiana, recently described from the Himalayas (Ahti & Upreti 2004). Such examples show that a study of the lichen flora of Iran is very promising from a phytogeographical point of view. The authors appreciate the incompleteness of the above list: their intention is to produce a baseline on which to build our knowledge of a hitherto unworked, but promising, lichen flora. The first three authors acknowledge the current work being undertaken by several enthusiastic Iranian lichenologists who will undoubtedly add considerably to our currently limited understanding of the Iranian flora. Acknowledgements We are most grateful to Prof. T. Ahti (Helsinki), Prof. L. Tibell (Uppsala), Prof. P. L. Nimis (Trieste), Dr B. J. Coppins (Edinburgh), Dr H. Kashiwadani (Tokyo), Dr B. Krzewicka (Krakow) and Dr O. Vitikainen for their help in the identification of the more critical material. References Ahti, T. & Upreti, D. K. 2004: Two new species of Cladonia (Lecanorales) from the Himalayas. [In: Döbbeler, P. & Rambold, G. (ed.) Contributions to Lichenology, Festschrift in Honour of Hannes Hertel]. – Biblioth. Lichenol. 88: 9-13. Barkhalov, S. O. 1975: The lichen flora of the Talish. – Baku. Breuss, O. 1990: Die Flechtengattung Catapyrenium (Verrucariaceae) in Europa. – Stapfia 23: 1-153, 20 pl. — 1994: Über einige wenig bekannte Verrucaria-Arten (Lichenes, Verrucariaceae). – Österr. Z. Pilzk. 3: 15-20. — 1998: Catapyrenium und verwandte Gattungen (lichenisierte Ascomyceten, Verrucariaceae) in Asien – ein erster Überblick. – Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 100 B: 657-669. Buhse, F. 1860: Aufzaehlung der auf einer Reise durch Transkaukasien und Persien gesammelten Pflanzen. – Moskau. Crum, H. 1993: A lichenologist’s view of lichen manna. – Contrib. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 293-306. Egea, J. M. 1989: Los géneros Heppia y Peltula (Líquenes) en Europa Occidental y Norte de Africa. – Biblioth. Lichenol. 31. Eversmann, E. 1831: In Lichenem esculentum Pall. et species consimiles adversaria. – Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol. 15(2): 349-362. Göbel, F. 1830: Chemische Untersuchung einer in Persien herabgeregneten Substanz, der Parmelia esculenta. – J. Chem. Phys. 60: 393-399 [not seen]. Harris, R. C. 1989: A sketch of the family Pyrenulaceae (Melanommatales) in Eastern North America. – Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 49: 74-107. Henssen, A. 1994: Contribution to the morphology and species delimitation in Heppia sensu stricto (lichenized Ascomycotina). – Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 57-73. — & Jørgensen, P. M. 2000: New combinations and synonyms in the Lichinaceae. – Lichenologist 22: 137-147. [CrossRef] Willdenowia 34 – 2004 575 Hertel, H. 1970: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flechtenfamilie Lecideaceae III. – Herzogia 2: 37-62. — 1977: Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ostund Sudasien. Eine erste Übersicht. – Khumbu Himal 6(3): 145-378. — 2001: Floristic and taxonomic notes on saxicolous lecideoid lichens. – Sendtnera 7: 93-106. Knoph, J.-G. 1990: Untersuchungen an gesteinsbewohnenden xanthonhaltigen Sippen der Flechtengattung Lecidella (Lecanoraceae, Lecanorales) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von außereuropäischen Proben exklusive Amerika. – Biblioth. Lichenol. 36. Lamb, I. M. 1936: Lichens from Bahrein Island. – J. Bot. 74: 346-351. Lumbsch, H. T. 1989: Die holarktischen Vertreter der Flechtengattung Diploschistes (Thelotremataceae). – J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 66: 133-196. Magnusson, A. H. 1929: A monograph of the genus Acarospora. – Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3, 7(3). — 1940: Lichens from Central Asia. – Sino-Swed. Exped. Publ. 13. Mayrhofer, H. & Poelt, J. 1979: Die saxicolen Arten der Flechtengattung Rinodina in Europa. – Biblioth. Lichenol. 12. — 1984: Die saxicolen Arten der Flechtengattungen Rinodina und Rinodinella in der Alten Welt. – J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 55: 327-493. Müller, J. 1892: Lichenes persici a cl. Dr Stapf in Persia lecti. – Hedwigia 31: 151-159. Navarro-Rosinés, P. & Hladun, N. L. 1996: Las especies saxícolo-calcícolas del grupo de Caloplaca lactea (Teloschistaceae, líquenes), en las regiones mediterránea y medioeuropea. – Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 47: 139-166. Orange, A., James, P. W. & White, F. J. 2001: Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens. – London. Oxner, A. N. 1946: Lichens of northern Iran collected by A. B. Shelkovnikov. – Bot. J. Ukraine 3: 82-85. Poelt, J. 1958: Die lobaten Arten der Flechtengattung Lecanora Ach. sensu ampl. in der Holarktis. – Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 19-20: 411-589. Reichert, I. 1940: A new species of Diploschistes from oriental steppes and its phytogeographical significance. – Palestine J. Bot., Rehovot Ser. 3: 162-182. Riedl, H. 1979: Präadaption bei Flechten iranischer Halbwüsten. – Pl. Syst. Evol. 131: 217-233. [CrossRef] Schultz, M., Brown, G. & Büdel, B. 2000: Cyanophilous lichens from Kuweit. – Nova Hedwigia 70: 193-216. Sipman, H. 2003: Provisional key for lichen genera and some species of Iran. – http://www. bgbm.org/Sipman/keys/Irangenera.htm. First issue 17.9.2003. Steiner, J. 1896: Beitrag zur Flechtenflora Südpersiens. – Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Cl. 105(1): 436-446. — 1910: Lichenes persici coll. a cl. Consule Th. Strauss. – Ann. Mycol. 8: 212-245. — 1916: Aufzählung der von J. Bornmüller im Oriente gesammelten Flechten. – Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. 30: 24-39. — & Poelt, J. 1982: Caloplaca sect. Xanthoriella, sect. nov.: Untersuchungen über die “Xanthoria lobulata-Gruppe” (Lichenes, Teloschistaceae). – Pl. Syst. Evol. 140: 151-177. [CrossRef] — & — 1984: Flechten aus Afghanistan 1. Acarospora subgen. Acarospora. – Nova Hedwigia 39: 559-567. — & — 1987: Drei parasitische Flechten auf Caloplaca polycarpoides. – Pl. Syst. Evol. 155: 133-141. [CrossRef] Szatala, O. 1940 [“1939”]: Lichenes. – [In: Rechinger, K. H., Baumgartner, J., Petrak, F. & Szatala, O., Ergebnisse einer botanischen Reise nach dem Iran]. – Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. 50: 521-533. — 1954: Neue Flechten IV. – Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung., ser. 2, 5: 131-138. — 1957: Prodromus einer Flechtenflora des Irans. – Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung., ser. 2, 8: 101-154. 576 Seaward & al.: Preliminary lichen checklist for Iran Timdal, E. 1991: A monograph of the genus Toninia. – Opera Bot. 110 Vezda, A. 1974-80: Lichenes Selecti Exsiccati Fasc. 49, No. 1216, 1217, 1224; Fasc. 50, No.1249; Fasc. 61, No.1508, 1517, 1521, 1522, 1524; Fasc. 63, No. 1552, 1553, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562; Fasc. 65, No. 1602; Fasc. 67, No. 1654; Fasc. 69, No. 1724. Weber, W. A. 1965: Iranian plants collected by Per Wendelbo in 1959. VIII. Lichenes. – Aarbok Univ. Bergen, Mat.-Naturvitensk. Ser. 14: 3-7. Wunder, H. 1974: Schwarzfrüchtige, saxicole Sippen der Gattung Caloplaca (Lichenes, Teloschistaceae) in Mitteleuropa, dem Mittelmeergebiet und Vorderasien. – Biblioth. Lichenol. 3 Addresses of the authors: M. R. D. Seaward, Department of Geography & Environmental Science, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; e-mail: m.r.d.seaward@bradford.ac.uk H. J. M. Sipman, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, KöniginLuise-Str. 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: h.sipman@bgbm.org M. Schultz, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany; e-mail: schultzm@ngi.de A. A. Maassoumi, Plant Taxonomy Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran. M. Haji Moniri, Science & Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; e-mail: khordad_17@yahoo.com M. Sohrabi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

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A preliminary lichen checklist for Iran

A preliminary lichen checklist for Iran

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