The lauraceous collections of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in the Flora Brasiliensis

Pedro Luís Rodrigues de Moraes

This study refers to specimens of Lauraceae collected in Brazil by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius between 1817 and 1820. He collected 57 currently accepted species of Lauraceae, which belong to nine genera: Aniba, Cassytha, Cinnamomum, Cryptocarya, Dicypellium, Licaria, Nectandra, Ocotea, and Persea, for which Martius is known to have made about 99 different collections. The vast majority of them are nomenclatural types and, taking into account the synonyms involved, encompassing 26 holotypes, 23 lectotypes, and 30 syntypes. Besides Martius himself, early descriptions and citations of these materials were made by Nees von Esenbeck, Meissner, and Mez, the first monographers of the family. Martius’s collections were the basis for the Flora Brasiliensis, where the taxonomic treatment of Lauraceae was made by the Swiss botanist Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner in 1866, being of particular interest for indicating all the collections examined and available at that time. Here, we provide an annotated and updated list of 60 entries with information on the status of the names and their types, currently accepted names, collections found in different herbaria, accompanied by an Index to Scientific names and an Index to Collections. Although there are no cases of specimens of Lauraceae collected by Martius from his “Martii Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis,” they are also listed here since they have been attributed to him in literature. Lectotypes for two names, Cryptocarya speciosa, and Nectandra nitidula var. maior, are designated, and a new synonymy is proposed.

THE LAURACEOUS COLLECTIONS OF CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON MARTIUS IN THE FLORA BRASILIENSIS peDro luíS roDriGueS De moraeS1 anD anDerSon falcaDe1 Abstract. This study refers to specimens of Lauraceae collected in Brazil by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius between 1817 and 1820. He collected 57 currently accepted species of Lauraceae, which belong to nine genera: Aniba, Cassytha, Cinnamomum, Cryptocarya, Dicypellium, Licaria, Nectandra, Ocotea, and Persea, for which Martius is known to have made about 99 different collections. The vast majority of them are nomenclatural types and, taking into account the synonyms involved, encompassing 26 holotypes, 23 lectotypes, and 30 syntypes. Besides Martius himself, early descriptions and citations of these materials were made by Nees von Esenbeck, Meissner, and Mez, the irst monographers of the family. Martius’s collections were the basis for the Flora Brasiliensis, where the taxonomic treatment of Lauraceae was made by the Swiss botanist Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner in 1866, being of particular interest for indicating all the collections examined and available at that time. Here, we provide an annotated and updated list of 60 entries with information on the status of the names and their types, currently accepted names, collections found in different herbaria, accompanied by an Index to Scientiic names and an Index to Collections. Although there are no cases of specimens of Lauraceae collected by Martius from his “Martii Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis,” they are also listed here since they have been attributed to him in literature. Lectotypes for two names, Cryptocarya speciosa, and Nectandra nitidula var. maior, are designated, and a new synonymy is proposed. Resumo. O presente estudo refere-se aos espécimes de Lauraceae que Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius coletou no Brasil entre 1817 e 1820. Ele coletou 57 espécies atualmente aceitas de Lauraceae, pertencentes a nove gêneros: Aniba, Cassytha, Cinnamomum, Cryptocarya, Dicypellium, Licaria, Nectandra, Ocotea, e Persea, para os quais Martius é sabido de ter feito cerca de 99 coletas diferentes. A grande maioria das mesmas são tipos nomenclaturais e, levando-se em consideração os sinônimos envolvidos, englobando 26 holótipos, 23 lectótipos e 30 síntipos. Além do próprio Martius, as primeiras descrições e citações desses materiais foram feitas por Nees von Esenbeck, Meissner, e Mez, que foram os primeiros monograistas da família. As coleções de Martius serviram de base para a Flora Brasiliensis, onde o tratamento taxonômico das Lauraceae icou a cargo do botânico Suíço Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner em 1866, sendo de particular interesse por indicar todas as coleções examinadas e disponíveis à epoca. Aqui, apresentamos uma lista anotada e atualizada de 60 entradas com informações sobre o estado dos nomes e de seus tipos, nomes atualmente aceitos, coleções dos diferentes herbários, acompanhadas de um índice de Nomes Cientíicos e de um índice de Coleções. Embora não existam casos de espécimes de Lauraceae oriundos do “Martii Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis,” que tenham sido coletados por Martius, esses também são aqui listados por terem sido atribuídos a ele na literatura. Lectótipos de dois nomes, Cryptocarya speciosa, e Nectandra nitidula var. maior, são designados, assim como uma sinonímia nova é proposta. Keywords: Brazil, Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis, historical collections, nomenclature, taxonomy Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius was born on the 17th of April 1794 in Erlangen, Germany, and died in Munich on the 13th of December 1868. He is one of the most famous naturalists of the 19th century, having his name in close association with Brazil and its lora. In 1817, King Maximilian Joseph I of Bavaria, took the occasion of the marriage of the Archduchess Caroline Josepha Leopoldine von Habsburg-Lothringen with the Crown Prince, Dom Pedro de Alcântara, the future Emperor of Brazil, to send the zoologist Johann Baptist Spix and the botanist Carl Martius to join the Austrian scientiic commission that was organized to accompany the entourage of the Archduchess on her departure to Brazil. These [and many other] scientists came to explore the Brazilian Kingdom, making collections of animals, plants, and minerals, investigating the productions of the countries visited, the culture, the inhabitants, etc. (Papavero, 1971). Martius arrived in Rio de Janeiro on the frigate “Austria” on the 15th of July 1817, accompanied by the Austrian entomologist and botanist Johann Christian Mikán, and his wife, along with the Austrian painter Thomas Ender, and Spix (Martius and Rodrigues, 1956: 433; Papavero, 1971: 61). After some weeks in Rio, Spix and Martius decided to initiate their voyage through Brazil. Spix and Martius collected in Brazil between 1817 and 1820. Detailed information about their itineraries and the places visited can be found in Spix and Martius (1823, 1828, 1831a, 1831b, 1968), Urban (1906), Papavero (1971), and in Tiefenbacher (1983). The journey itself began on the 8th of December 1817, with São Paulo as the irst destination, reaching it by the end of the year (31st of December). In 1818, they left São Paulo for southern Bahia, gathering large collections especially in Minas Gerais and Bahia, where they arrived in November 1818. For a few months they collected in the northeastern states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Piauí and Maranhão, after which embarking for Belém in July 1819. The collecting followed by the Ilha de Marajó and other Our thanks to Henk van der Werff (MO), for communicating the specimens on loan to him and for sending their images, and to Katharine E.S. Donahue (History & Special Collections, Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library, UCLA) for the help with the requested manuscript of Martius. Pedro L.R. de Moraes is supported by a grant (PQ2) from CNPq, and is grateful for the sponsorship received by the CAPES/DAAD Agreement for the years 2003, 2005, and 2008; a grant of FUNDUNESP (Proc. Nr. 00073/11-DFP), for his visit to MEL in 2011; stipends from the Belgian Focal Point to the Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI), which supported the visit to the Botanic Garden Meise in 2004 and 2012; and a sponsorship from CNPq (Proc. Nr. 450515/2013-3) for a visit to LE. 1 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. Email: pmoraes@rc.unesp.br. Author for correspondence. Harvard Papers in Botany, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2015, pp. 167–197. © President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2015 ISSN: 1938-2944, DOI: 10.3100/hpib.v20iss2.2015.n7, Published online: 31 December 2015 168 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy localities in the vicinity of Belém, Pará, then beginning the inal stage of the expedition up the Rio Amazonas to Manaus, where Spix and Martius followed separate paths: the irst followed by the Rio Negro and its tributaries and Martius followed the Rio Solimões and Rio Jupará. Both returned to Belém in April 1820 and in June of that year, embarked for Europe, arriving in Lisbon on the 23rd of August, and inally in Munich in December 1820 (Spix and Martius, 1823, 1828, 1831a; Urban, 1906; Shepherd, 2002). The literature about the life and writings of Carl Martius is quite extensive, given the amount and importance of his work. Among the primary sources, we can highlight the texts by Lasègue (1845), de Candolle (1856a, b, 1857), Carus (1869), Eichler (1869a, c, d), Meissner (1869, 1870), Seemann (1869), Schramm (1869a, b), Spring (1870, 1871), Rau (1871), Wunschmann (1884), and Ross (1917). More recent literature and contextualized approaches about Martius’s works can be found in Dutra (1942), Hoehne (1942), Rambo (1952), Sommer (1953), Biblioteca Nacional (1968), Staleu and Cowan (1981), Wuschek (1989), Mägdefrau (1990), Förther (1994), and Lisboa (1995, 1997). The collections of Martius during the travel to Brazil may be estimated at nearly 8,000 species, of which 800 were collected in port sites of Europe in Istria, Malta, Gibraltar, Madeira, and Portugal, at the beginning and the end of the travel (Martius, 1850; Wallich, 1851; Förther, 1994) (c. 20,000 to 25,000 specimens), thus becoming the foundation for the production of the Flora Brasiliensis. Martius originally edited this monumental work from 1840 to 1868, with the printing of 46 fascicles, where more than about 9,000 species were treated, illustrated in about 1,400 igures and 1,071 lithographs. The edition of the Flora was continued posthumously by August Wilhelm Eichler (1839– 1887) and Ignatz Urban (1848–1931), with completion of the work in 1906. The Flora Brasiliensis in its inal form consists of 15 volumes (in 40 parts) in folio, originally published in 130 individual fascicles (in 130 dated parts), the text consisting of 20,733 “pages” (the page numbers actually refer to columns, two on each page), and 3,811 lithographs and nature-prints, illustrating 6,246 species in full size. Given the magnitude of the undertaking, the work had the collaboration of 65 researchers including the most illustrious European botanists of the time, who have described a total of 22,767 species (Urban, 1908; Martius and Rodrigues, 1956: 434; Baldus in Spix and Martius, 1968: 8; Shepherd, 2002). The majority of those species are angiosperms, of which 19,629 are native to Brazil and 3,138 are from adjacent regions or introduced in the country. The treatment of Lauraceae in the Flora Brasiliensis was made by the Swiss botanist Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner (1800–1874), which was published in Volume 5, Part 2, in 1866, with the description of 327 species. Among them, there are 64 taxa with the indication of collections made by or attributed to Martius. During the expedition to Brazil, Martius made quick notes in situ for 3,320 species of plants, in his “Adversaria Botanica” (Martius, 1850: 723; Wallich, 1851: 68; Förther, 1994). Later, in his writings, he refers to this unpublished manuscript again. A handwritten copy made by A. Progel, VOL. 20, NO. 2 entitled “Observationes botanicae, Plantae in itinere Brasiliensi annis 1817–1820 a Car. Frid. Phil. Martio descriptae, vol. 1–6,” bound in six volumes in quarto, is housed at the Library of the Botanische Staatssammlung München (Martius, 1817–1820). A xerographic copy of these volumes is also deposited in the Library of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Of key importance is the fact that many of the specimens collected by Martius have labels that refer to those comments, providing an additional source of information on the species (see Förther, 1994). For Lauraceae, all these cases have been registered here and referred to as “Martius Obs.,” followed by their numbers. Additionally, as pointed out by Förther (1994: 12), Martius received many collections sent from Brazil, in between the end of 1830 and the end of 1840, made by Ackermann (gathered in 1830–1836), P. Claussen (gathered in 1834–1843), B. Luschnath (gathered in 1831–1837), A. L. P. da Silva Manso (gathered ca. 1830–1832), and L. Riedel (gathered ca. 1821–1836), which were distributed by him to major European herbaria (e.g., B, BM, G, L, LE, M, W, etc.). Among them, there were a series of new species that Martius entitled as “Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis,” being published in the journal Flora between 1837 and 1841 (Martius, 1837–1841). These exsiccatae distributed to herbaria bear printed labels with “Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº,” followed by a handwritten number, corresponding to what has been published in Flora. Although for Lauraceae there are no cases where the species were collected by Martius, often in the literature these collections were assigned to him. For this reason, they have been also listed in this work and, when known, their collectors are indicated. As pointed out by Hind (2011), the specimens at herbarium BR usually provide evidence identifying the collectors, since they bear both the labels of the original collector and of the “Herb. Fl. Bras.” Martius’s own collections from Brazil are held in the Botanische Staatssammlung München (M), with duplicates at B, BM, BR, G-DC, K, L, LE, P, and W (Urban, 1906; Förther, 1994). Martius’s private herbarium (Herbarium Martii), estimated to comprise about 300,000 specimens, containing 60,000 species, nearly half of which are Brazilian, was purchased by the Belgian Government for a sum of £1,200, in 1870, to form the basis of a national collection, and is now at the Botanic Garden Meise (BR) (see Eichler, 1869b; Bommer, 1870; Seemann, 1870; Staleu and Cowan, 1981; Förther, 1994). In Förther (1994), a detailed account on the development and content of Martius’s private herbarium and his numerous, fruitless attempts to sell his collections to the Bavarian Government is presented. According to Bommer (1870), these efforts of selling the private herbarium to the Bavarian Kings, Maximilian II and his successor Ludwig I, were unsuccessful because Bavaria already had the Brazilian herbarium formed by Martius and Spix. However, Martius’s strained relationship with King Maximilian II might help to partially explain the king's refusal to buy the collections. The king had refused to increase Martius’s starting salary since his initial appointment in 1836 to succeed Schrank as the irst curator of the Munich Botanical Garden (see Förther, 1994). 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS The aim of the present study was to review all Lauraceae collections made by Martius in Brazil, updating and commenting their taxonomic status, detailing and clarifying the localities and dates of the collections, as well as indicating all herbaria known to possess their duplicates. Meissner’s treatment of the family in Martius’s Flora Brasiliensis (Meissner, 1866) was taken as a key reference for citing the material collected by Martius along with the specimens examined and available from other collectors. This study is based on herbarium material from the herbaria A, AWH, B, BC, BM, BR, C, CGE, COL, E, F, FI, G, G-DC, GH, GOET, GZU, HAL, HBG, HRCB, JE, K, KIEL, KR, L, LE, LINN, LISU, LZ, M, MA, MEL, MO, Ny, OUPR, OXF, P, S, SBT, STR, TO, TUB, U, US, VT, W, and WRSL (herbarium acronyms according to Thiers, [continuously updated]). “Original material,” indicated within the text, relies on Art. 9.2 & 9.3 ICN (McNeill et al., 2012). All species names and their taxonomic treatment were checked in the classical taxonomic works on Lauraceae, such as those by Nees von Esenbeck (1833, 1836, 1848), Meissner (1864), and Mez (1889), as well as in the more recent published or available revisions: Aiouea Aubl. and Aniba Aubl. (Kubitzki and Renner, 1982), Cassytha L. (Weber, 1981), Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Lorea-Hernández, 1996), Cryptocarya R. Br. (Kostermans, 1937, 1938a; Moraes, 2005, 2007), Dicypellium Nees & Mart., Phyllostemonodaphne Kosterm., Systemonodaphne Mez and Urbanodendron Mez (Rohwer, 1988), Endlicheria Nees (Chanderbali, 2004), Licaria Aubl. (Kostermans, 1936; Kurz, 2000), Nectandra Rol. ex Rottb. (Rohwer, 1993), Ocotea Aubl. (Rohwer, 1986), and Persea Mill. (Kopp, 1966). 169 As results, we show below that Martius collected 57 currently accepted species of Lauraceae, 55 of which are native to Brazil (not introduced or subspontaneous). Taking into account the synonyms involved, among the 99 different collections gathered by Martius, 26 are holotypes, 23 are lectotypes, and 30 are syntypes of names of the corresponding taxa, i.e., the vast majority are nomenclatural types. These numbers alone would be enough to demonstrate the importance of the Lauraceae collections that Martius gathered in Brazil over the three years of his expedition with Spix. However, when comparing the expedition of Spix and Martius with what is known about those of other naturalists who visited Brazil in the early 19th century (see Mez, 1892, for a list of collectors and their numbered collections of Lauraceae), it is evident that just Friedrich Sellow (1789– 1831) and Ludwig Riedel (1791–1861), who remained in Brazil for much longer, would have surpassed Martius in number of species collected for the family. Sellow collected in Brazil, from 1814 to 1831, a total of 61 currently accepted species of Lauraceae (Moraes, 2008). Riedel, in turn, came to Brazil in 1821 and remained in the country until his death in 1861. His collection period was from 1821 to 1836, in which he collected 92 species of Lauraceae (Moraes, 2012a, b). For convenience, the current accepted names of species are listed in alphabetic order. Accepted names appear in boldface italics, synonyms in italics. Homotypic synonyms are indicated by “≡,” while the heterotypic are under the entries “Synonym” or “Synonyms.” Whenever available, barcode numbers are quoted with the herbarium acronyms. An Index to Scientiic Names and an Index to Collections are provided at the end. an annotateD liSt of lauraceae collecteD by martiuS or attributeD to him Synonyms: Aiouea brasiliensis Meisn. var. attenuata Meisn. 1. Aiouea laevis (Mart.) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 83. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. 35: 84. 1938 ≡ Aiouea brasiliensis Meisn. in DC., Prodr. Bras. 5(2): 170. 1866 ≡ Aiouea riedelii Mez, Jahrb. 15(1): 83. 1864, nom. illegit.; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 37. 1889, nom. illegit. 5(2): 170. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: superl. TyPE: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., 43. 1889; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 189. 2012; ibid. L. Riedel s.n. (Holotype: LE; Isotypes, B† [F neg. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 361. 2013. 3788], G 00020674, GOET [2 sheets], K 000601965, Basionym: Cryptocarya laevis Nees ex Mart., Flora 21(2, L 0035527, LE [2 sheets], Ny 00354799). Specimen: Beibl.): 64. 1838; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): BRAZIL. Bahia, Ilhéus, “ad ripas luvi Itahype” [Rio 83. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 170. 1866; Itaípe], March 1822, L. Riedel 688 (LE n.v.). Renner, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 31: 109. 1982. TyPE: For a complete list of synonyms, see Kubitzki and BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “Crescit in sylvis Caa-poera Renner (1982). dictis ad Sebastianop.,” 12 June 1817, Martii Herbar. None of the located specimens of Martii Herbar. Florae Florae Brasil. Nº 237 (Holotype: BR 0000008686169 Brasil. Nº 237 bears information on who the collector is, [annotated by Nees as “Cryptocarya pyriformis levis even in BR. Nonetheless, it has been wrongly attributed to N. ab. E.”]; Isotypes, AWH 28362, AWH 28363, B† [F Martius by Kubitzki and Renner (1982). In fact, once Martius neg. 3782], BM 000894059, BR 0000008685834, E (1838) had indicated the gathering as from June, in Rio de 00259412, FI 005252, G, G 00021045, G 00021046, Janeiro, this excluded him as the collector, since he has G 00021047, G-DC 00200460, GH 00041126, HAL arrived in Rio de Janeiro in July 1817. From information on 0101918, JE 00004805 [and probably JE 00000523, the sites and dates of the collections reported by Martius in ex Herbar. Bernhardi, Anonymous s.n.], K 000512712, Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis, and based on the respective K 000512713, K 000512714, KR, L 0035524, L specimens located in BR, the most likely collector of the 0035525, LE 00000096, LE 00000135, LZ†, M present species would be Bernhard Luschnath. As pointed 0111049, M 0111050, M 0111051, M 0111052, MO out by Moraes (2012: 189), in Martius’s Flora Brasiliensis, 247250, Ny 00354800, P 00128383, P 00128384, W†, Meissner (1866: 170) mistakenly attributed to Martius the collection of Riedel 688 from Rio Itaípe. WRSL). 170 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy 2. Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 53. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 898. 1938; Kubitzki, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 31: 79. 1982; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 13, 111. 1986; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 190. 2012. Basionym: Cryptocarya canelilla Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 7: 192, t. 645. 1825. Lectotype (designated by Kostermans, 1938b: 899): VENEZUELA. “crescit ad orientem Esmeraldæ, in monte de la Canelilla, juxta ripam Cauræ et erevati; item prope catarractam Maypurensium,” s.d., immat. fr., F. W. H. A. von Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland 1018 (B-W 07784 00 0 & B-W 07784 01 0 [“Laurus canelilla Willd.,” herbarium name, “Orinoco”]; Isolectotypes, P 00307242 [F neg. 35005], P 00506929). Synonyms: Cryptocarya pretiosa Mart. in Buchner, Repert. Pharm. 31: 356. 1829, syn. nov. ≡ Mespilodaphne pretiosa Nees & Mart., Linnaea 8: 45. 1833, nom. illegit. superl.; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 111. 1843; ibid. in Fl. Bras. 5(2): 317. 1868 ≡ Mespilodaphne pretiosa Nees & Mart. var. angustifolia Nees, Syst. Laur.: 237. 1836, nom. invalid.; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 103. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 198–199. 1866; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 16. 2008. LECTOTyPE (designated here): BRAZIL. Pará, “in sylvis ad oppidum Pará rarius, frequentius in Provinciae Paraensis interioribus,” 1819, immat. fr., fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0121069 [“Cryptocarya pretiosa Mart.,” “Páo v. Casca preciosa Lusitan.”]). Original material: BRAZIL. Pará, s.d., immat. fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 01121070 [fragment], M 0121071, M 0121072, MEL 2318499); idem, “ad luvium Rio Negro,” s.d., immat. fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (G, MEL 2318499); idem, Amazonas, “inveni prope praedium Capitany in prov. Alto Amaz.,” 1819, immat. fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (BR 0000008685865 [“Laurus pretiosa,” herbarium name]). For a complete list of synonyms, see Kubitzki and Renner (1982). Vernacular names: “Casca preciosa” (Martius, 1829), “Pereiorá Tupin.,” “Páo v. Casca pretiosa” (Martius, 1843, 1868). Hitherto, the name Cryptocarya pretiosa Mart. has been interpreted as a herbarium name mentioned in the synonymy of Mespilodaphne pretiosa Nees & Mart. var. angustifolia Nees as “Cryptocarya pretiosa Mart. in Herb. Brasil. Monac.” (Nees von Esenbeck, 1836), therefore being overlooked by Nees as already published by Martius (1829). Moraes (2008) pointed out that, as indicated by Rohwer (1986: 13, 111, 229), the name Mespilodaphne pretiosa Nees & Mart. is superluous, thus illegitimate, since Laurus quixos Lam., Encycl. 3: 455. 1792 was cited as a synonym {≡ Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 900. 1938. TyPE: [ECUADOR] “ex Provincia de los Canelos in Peru,” “Provincia Riobaruba,” 12 April 1748, sterile, Joseph de Jussieu s.n. (Holotype: P-JU 00307277 [Cat. No. 4245]); Isotype, P-LA 00381527, sterile.; see Rohwer, 1986: 229, 249; 1993: 297–298])}. VOL. 20, NO. 2 The earlier name Laurus quixos was not included in a subordinated taxon under Mespilodaphne pretiosa, so the latter name should be authomatically typiied by the type of the irst one (Art. 7.5). The name Ocotea pretiosa Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 250. 1889, based on Mespilodaphne pretiosa Nees & Mart. with exclusion of its variety angustifolia Nees (with Laurus quixos in synonymy) is therefore legitimate. The former name in sense of Mez is Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 111. 1986. Another name, Aydendron suaveolens Nees, Linnaea 8: 37. 1833, which was included by Mez into the concept of Ocotea pretiosa does not make the new name illegitimate because the combination Ocotea suaveolens (Meisn.) Benth. ex Hieron., Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 4: 437. 1881 (≡ Oreodaphne suaveolens Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 136. 1864) was already published to that date. The combination “Ocotea pretiosa Benth. et Hook. f.” recorded in Index Kewensis has not been validly published by Bentham in Bentham and Hooker (1880: 158), being substituted by the phrase “species typica generis” without any nomenclatural status under the ICN (Art. 35.2). Martius (1843a), in his Systema materiae medicae vegetabilis brasiliensis, cited the existence of several lithograph plates that were already inished from his book that was never published, “Plantae Medicae et Oeconomicae Brasiliae” (Mart. Pl. med. et oec. Br. ined.), with the plate 33 being indicated for Mespilodaphne pretiosa Nees & Mart. Meissner (1866: 301–302) also mentioned this unpublished book as “Tabulas LXVI. LXX. XCV. XCVI. CI. CII. receptae sunt e Martii opere inedito: Plantae medicinales et oeconomicae Brasilienses” and used those Martius’s plates in his monograph, which were acknowledged as “Tabula nostra […] ex Martii Pl. med. et oec. Bras. ined. recepta” (for Aydendron cujumary [Tabula LXVI], Mespilodaphne opifera [LXX], Nectandra puchurymajor [XCV], Nectandra cymbarum [XCVI], Nectandra puchury-minor [CI], and Dicypellium caryophyllaceum [CII]). However, for “Mespilodaphne pretiosa Meissn.,” Meissner only quoted “Tabula nostra LXXIV,” therefore evidencing that another plate was prepared for the species in question. Actually, plate 74 in Flora Brasiliensis refers to Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer, which most likely was based on Riedel’s collection from “Mandiocca,” since it is the only lowering material among the collections cited by Meissner (see Moraes, 2012b). 3. Aniba citrifolia (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 74. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 890. 1938; Kubitzki, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 31: 23. 1982; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 191. 2012. Basionym: Aydendron citrifolium Nees, Syst. Laur.: 257. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 93. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 183. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “Rio Negro” (Alto Amazonas), “In sylvis Japurensibus, ad amnem Juì,” February 1820, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147109 [F neg. 6583]). Additional synonyms in Kubitzki and Renner (1982) and Moraes (2012). 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS 4. Aniba desertorum (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 76. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 892. 1938; Kubitzki, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 31: 38. 1982; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 247. 1986. Basionym: Aydendron desertorum Nees, Syst. Laur.: 260. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 92. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 182, t. 65. 1866 ≡ ‘Ocotea desertorum Mart.,’ nom. nud. ≡ ‘Ocotea obtusifolia Mart.,’ nom. nud. Lectotype (designated by Kubitzki and Renner 1982: 38): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in sylvis Capões ad luv. Rio Verde pequeno et in Chapada do Paranan,” July 1818, l., fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147106; Isolectotypes, M 0147104 [ex Herb. Zuccarinii], M 0147105, M 0147108). Syntype: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Rio São Francisco, “in sylvis capões versus f. S. Francisci,” August 1818, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147107). For a complete list of synonyms, see Kubitzki and Renner (1982). 5. Aniba permollis (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 55. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 896. 1938; Kubitzki, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 31: 73. 1982. Basionym: Aydendron permolle Nees, Syst. Laur.: 246. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 88. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 176. 1866 ≡ ‘Cryptocarya aü-üva Mart. ex Nees,’ Syst. Laur.: 246. 1836, nom. invalid. Lectotype (designated by Kostermans, 1938b: 896): BRAZIL. Amazonas, Tefé, “in sylvis ad Ega,” December 1819, C. F. P. von Martius Obs. [Observationes botanicae] 2908: “Laurus Aüiuva / Arbor magna frondosa. Rami teretes tomento ferruginei. …” (M 0147098; Isolectotypes, B† [F neg. 3806], M 0147099, M 0147100, Ny 00354890 [fragment], Ny 00354891 [fragment]). Syntype: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Tefé, “Ega,” November 1831, l., E. F. Poeppig 2769 (B†, BM, F 0061359F ex W, G [2 sheets], G-DC, HAL 0103802, KIEL, LE 00006806, LE, LZ†, M, OXF 00000388, P 00745599, P 00745600, W, WRSL). 6. Aniba puchury-minor (Mart.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 70. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 903. 1938; Kubitzki, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 31: 57. 1982; Moraes, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 362. 2013 ≡ Nectandra puchury-minor (Mart.) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 336. 1836; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 109–110. 1843; ibid. in Fl. Bras. 5(2): 317. 1868; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 166. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 277, t. 101. 1866. Basionym: Ocotea puchury-minor Mart. in Buchner, Repert. Pharm. 35: 172. 1830. Lectotype (designated by Mez, 1889: 70): BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis Japurensibus,” December 1819, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0113213; Isolectotype, B†). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis secus l. Solimões,” November 1819, fr., C. F. P. Martius s.n. (GZU 000254329 [fragment], M 0112564); BRAZIL. Amazonas, loco haud indicato, 1819, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0112563). 171 Synonymy in Kubitzki and Renner (1982) and Moraes (2013). Vernacular names: “Fabas Pechurim v. Puchury” (Martius, 1868). 7. Cassytha iliformis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 35. 1753. Lectotype (designated by Imkhanitskaya, 1974: 208): INDIA. P. Osbeck s.n. (Herb. Linn No. 519.1, LINN). Original material: P. Osbeck s.n. (S [05-4065]). Synonyms: Cassytha brasiliensis Mart. ex Nees, Syst. Laur.: 648. 1836; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 490. 1889 ≡ Cassytha americana Nees var. brasiliensis (Nees) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 256. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 296. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in Campis editis Minarum novarum,” July–August 1818, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M). Cassytha americana Nees var. puberula (Nees) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 256. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 296. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Syntype: M); BRAZIL. Bahia, “in collibus siccis pr. Ilheos. J. Domingo” [Fazenda João Domingo], June 1821, L. Riedel 374 (Syntypes: LE, Ny 00354928). Synonyms and further information in Stapf (1912), Kostermans (1950), and Weber (1981). 8. Cinnamomum erythropus (Nees & Mart.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6: 21. 1961; Lorea-Hernández (1996: 81); Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 193. 2012 ≡ Phoebe erythropus (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 189. 1889. Basionym: Persea erythropus Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 49. 1833. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 48): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, “in ferruginosis ad Antonio Pereira,” April 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 883 (GZU 000249338 [fragment on the top, annotated by Nees]; Isolectotypes, M 0147194, M 0147196 [“Persea erythropus M. Reise I. p. 401. (nomen)”]). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, loco haud indicato, s.d., fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147195); BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, l., F. Sellow 1360 (B†, F [619716; fragment ex B†, F neg. 58035, Sellow s.n.], GZU 000265498 [fragment on the bottom, annotated by Nees, Anonymous s.n.]). Synonyms: Persea erythropus Nees & Mart. var. angustata Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 55. 1864 ≡ Persea erythropus Nees & Mart. var. mixtinervia Meisn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 162. 1866, nom. illegit. superl. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “Serra da Piedade et S. Itacolomi,” October–November 1834, l., L. Riedel 2777 (Syntypes: C, G [2 sheets], K 000602109, K 000602110, LE 00000480, LE 00000481, LE 00000482, Ny 00355827, OXF 00000375 [Anonymous s.n.], P 01978620, US 00099112); BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, “in ferruginosis ad Ouro Preto,” “Serra de Ouro Preto,” June 1839, l., fr., [Ackermann s.n.] P. Claussen 108 in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1238 (Syntypes: 172 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy BR 0000008762092, BR 0000008764317, G-DC 00200453, LE, Ny 00355828, P 00128549). For a complete list of synonyms, see Lorea-Hernández (1996) and Moraes (2008). 9. Cinnamomum verum J. Presl in Berchtold & J. Presl, Přir. Rostlin 2: 36–37, t. 7. 1825 [1823?]; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 194. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 364. 2013. Specimen: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “in horto (Chacara) secundum viam ad S. Clemente, prope Sebastianopolin, cultum,” July 1833, l., November– December 1833, fr., B. Luschnath s.n. in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 477 (BR 0000013332587, M 0147231). Basionym: Laurus cinnamomum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 369. 1753. Lectotype (designated by Wuu-Kuang, 2011: 261): Herb. Clifford: 154, Laurus 6, sheet B (BM 000558701). Synonyms: Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn., Ephem. Nat. Cur. Dec. I, Ann. 4: 139. 1676, nom. invalid. (see Howard, 1981). Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 11: 568. 1825; Nees in Nees and Th. Nees, Cinnam. Disp.: 48. 1823; Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 74. 1831; Nees, Syst. Laur.: 45. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 13. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 147. 1866. Specimen: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “... haec est ex horto botanico prope Rio de J.o Provinciae ejusdem nominis”, 1817, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (BR, M 0147232). Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume var. microphyllum Nees, Syst. Laur.: 47. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 14. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 147. 1866. Specimen: BRAZIL. Pará, “in cultis ad Pará”, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (L 0036030 [“Laurus cassioides Mart.,” herbarium name, “Pará”; ex Herbarium Reinwardtianum], M 0147236) [‘Laurus cassioides Mart. ex Miq.’, Ann. Mus. Bot. LugdunoBatavi 1: 256. 1864, nom. invalid.]. For a complete list of synonyms, see Kostermans (1964, 1986). The specimen cultivated in Pará that Martius collected was cited by Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 48), Miquel (1864), and Meissner (1866: 147). 10. Cryptocarya mandioccana Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 75. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 165. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 10. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 572. 1937; ibid. in Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 125–126. 1938; Moraes, Taxon 54(3): 792. 2005; ibid. in Abc Taxa 3: 70. 2007; ibid. in Komarovia 6(1): 8. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 194. 2012. TyPE: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Magé, “in sylvis Mandiocensis,” October 1823, l., L. Riedel s.n. (Holotype: LE; Isotypes, B† [F neg. 3844], GOET 007344, GOET 007345, K 000601800, L 0036185, L 0036186, LE, Ny 00355045, OXF 00057026, OXF 00057027 [righthand specimen], U, US 00051077). Specimen: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Visconde do Rio Branco, “habitat in sylvis aboriginibus ad Praesid. Joannis Bapt. et alibi. Provinciae VOL. 20, NO. 2 Minar.,” April 1818, fr., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1095 b: “Noz moschada do Brazil. Litsaeae sp. ? Arbor alta trunco recto, cortice 2–3 lin. crasso castâneo epidermide laevigata cinereo-subrufesc. laevia absque rimis, ligno albido, ibra dura compacta, speculis transversal. minutis, gravi. …” (M 0152460 [syntype of Cryptocarya moschata Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 37. 1833; Martius in Spix and Martius, Reise Bras. 2: 543. 1828; ibid. in Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 110. 1843; ibid. in Fl. Bras. 5(2): 319. 1868; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 74. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 164, t. 56. 1866]). Further information in Moraes (2005, 2007). Vernacular name: “Noz mocada do Brazil” (Martius, 1843, 1868). Originally, Cryptocarya moschata was based on two collections, a fruiting one by Martius and a lowering one by Sellow. Unfortunately, these collections represent different taxa, which had not been acknowledged either by Meissner or by Mez. The lectotypiication of C. moschata in the sense of the Martius collection was done by Kostermans (1937). He proposed the specimen of Martius as (lecto)type, without analyzing it, based on the description of Nees von Esenbeck and solely on the available specimen of Sellow in hand. Later (Kostermans, 1938a), after studying the specimen of Martius, he was “obliged to alter the synonymy” of C. moschata as “it proved to have pilose leaves,” justifying his earlier decision in favor of the Martius collection because “…as the description of Nees refers especially to this species and not to that of Sellow...” However, contrary to Kostermans’s statement, Nees’s paper deals mainly with the Sellow collections at Berlin (Revisio Laurinarum a b. Sellowio in Brasilia collectarum et iam in Herbario Regio Berolinensi asservatarum), from which the protologue allowed a clear decision (see below) on which material the species was primarily described [see also Rohwer, 1993b in his lectotypiication of Nectandra leucantha Nees & Mart., Linnaea 8: 48. 1833]. In Moraes (2005), after studying both syntypes, he has concluded that the Martius collection was in conlict with the protologue, while the Sellow one was not and, therefore he selected a specimen of the Sellow collection as lectotype. According to the original diagnosis, which is not much elucidative, C. moschata has “foliis ovali-oblongis brevi-cuspidatis utrinque reticulatis glabris concoloribus, pedunculis axillaribus petiolo paulo longioribus pauciloris, fructu obovato umbonato costato.” The Sellow collection has leaves ovate-oblong, shortcuspidate, on both surfaces reticulate, glabrous, concolor, whereas the Martius collection has leaves ovate-oblong, acute to pointleted, on both surfaces reticulate, but pubescent on the lower surface, discolour (brownish and shining above, somewhat olive-green and dull below). Still, the specimen of Sellow has short peduncles, slightly longer than petioles, whereas the specimen of Martius has peduncles considerably longer than petioles, and fruits umbonicobovate, ribbed. Other authors might reject Moraes’s supersession of the existing lectotype, with the allegation that “the specimen chosen by Kostermans as lectotype is not in ‘serious’ conlict with regards to the protologue,” since the main evidence relies on the leaf pubescence. In fact, as pointed out by Moraes, according to the protologue 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS C. moschata is a glabrous species, which was clearly based on the Sellow collection. This indument character, or its absence, plays a major part in the delimitation of Cryptocarya moschata in the sense of Sellow’s syntype and C. mandioccana, the species represented by Martius’s collection. If the lectotypiication of C. moschata in the sense of the Martius collection would not be rejected for the reasons explained, it will be necessary to coin a new name for the distinctive entity represented by Sellow’s collection. Unfortunately, in Moraes’s lectotypiication he selected the specimen preserved at LE as the lectotype, reasoning that it was the only material, from the available isosyntypes he had accessed, that still had a lower. Only later he found out that CGE houses a duplicate of Sellow’s syntype still bearing three lowers, which would be the best choice. In Martius (1843a: 110), the plate 105 was indicated for “Cryptocarya moschata Mart.” (see entry 2; present work). However, in Meissner (1866: 164), he has only quoted “Tabula nostra LVI,” thus evidencing that another plate was prepared for this species. Although Kostermans (1937, 1953, 1964) had also cited plate 105 under C. moschata Nees & Mart., this manuscript has not been found within the reliquiae of Martius either at the the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Abteilung fuer Handschriften und Seltene Drucke) or at the library of the Botanische Staatssammlung München. Wuschek (1989), in his treatment of Martius’s Systema materiae medicae, did not mention the unpublished manuscript, either. The illustration of Cryptocarya moschata in Flora Brasiliensis (Meissner, 1866; plate 56) was delineated from different lowering and fruiting material, based on the specimens analyzed and cited by Meissner. In this sense, only the lowering habit and the lower pieces can be ascribed to C. moschata Nees & Mart., since they were drawn from either Sellow’s or Widgren’s collections. On the other hand, the fruiting elements of the plate could be either ascribed to C. mandioccana (from Martius s.n.), C. riedeliana P.L.R. Moraes (from Riedel 485), or to C. guianensis Meisn. (from Martin s.n.). However, judging from the outlined shape of leaves and fruits, it would be proved that they were based on Martius’s collection. Another manuscript of Martius (1843b), which is kept at the University of California at Los Angeles Library (Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library), is a bound volume that has a simple bookplate stating: “E Bibliotheca C. Ph. F. Martii.” Additionally it is stamped: “Urban Library 1933.” The holographic titlepage reads: “Plantae medicinales Florae Brasiliensis secundum Ordines naturales dispositae,” “1843. 10. Junii.” The second leaf of the work has a handwritten note: “Conferenda haec lora medica Brasil. cum Schöpii lora med. Amer. bor., cum Lunan Jamaic.,” likely refering to a comparison among the Flora Medica of Brazil (probably from Martius’s Systema materiae medicae vegetabilis brasiliensis), Johann David Schöpf’s Materia medica americana (1787), and John Lunan’s Hortus Jamaicensis (1814). Leaf 3–5 present a holographic list of plants arranged by family and genus and species. Leaf 6 begins as a numbered Leaf 1, after that each opening (left page and right page facing) is numbered on the right leaf. There are 80 openings and the left side of the opening is 173 blank or contains handwritten notes made by Martius relating to some of the printed text, which has been cut from some other book and pasted on the right hand side. Regarding the species of Lauraceae, all the 11 species treated in Syst. mat. med. bras. compose the printed matter, with a different order of entries of the species from the former. Additionally, there are handwritten notes about Silvia navalium Allemão [≡ Mezilaurus navalium (Allemão) Taub. ex Mez], and “Nectandra rodgiaei Schomb.” [≡ Nectandra rodioei R.H. Schomb. ≡ Chlorocardium rodiei (R.H. Schomb.) Rohwer, H.G. Richt. & van der Werff]. The clipped printed text of Cryptocarya moschata Mart. is pasted on the numbered leaf 16. 11. Dicypellium caryophyllaceum (Mart.) Nees & Mart. in Nees, Pl. Laur. Expos.: 14. 1833; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 344. 1836; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 111. 1843; ibid. in Fl. Bras. 5(2): 316. 1868; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 170. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 281, t. 102. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 473. 1889; Rohwer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 110: 169. 1988; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 195. 2012 ≡ Ocotea caryophyllacea (Mart.) Kostel., Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2: 482. 1833. Basionym: Persea caryophyllacea Mart. in Buchner, Repert. Pharm. 31: 355. 1829; ibid. in Spix and Martius, Reise Bras. 3: 915. 1831. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Maués, “in sylvis ad Maué hace culta in hortis Parae.,” April 1820, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147268; Isotypes, B 10 0185010, B 10 0185011, G, GZU 000254389). Other original material: BRAZIL. C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 2617: “Persea caryophyllat. Mart./Dicipellium caryophyllat. Nees/Laurus sanguinea Sw. ? … Colitur in horto regio Pará, ex interioribus silvis advecta” (M 0147264, M 0147265, M 0147266 [as Martius s.n.]; BRAZIL. Amazonas, “ad Coari et Ega,” November 1819, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147267 [ex Herb. Zuccarinii]). Vernacular names: “Cravo do Maranhao” (Martius, 1829), “Páo Cravo Bras.,” “Imyra-Quiynha v. Kiynja i. e. lignum Capsici Tupin.” (Martius, 1843). 12. Licaria brasiliensis (Nees) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 601. 1937 ≡ Aydendron brasiliense (Nees) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 87. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 180, t. 64. 1866 ≡ Misanteca brasiliensis (Nees) Lundell, Wrightia 4(3): 99. 1969. Basionym: Acrodiclidium brasiliense Nees, Syst. Laur.: 267. 1836; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 92. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 746. 1936; Kurz, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 28/29: 157. 2000. TyPE: BRAZIL. Pará, “in sylvis secus luvium Amazonum,” September–October 1819, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147427; Isotypes, L 0308064 [“Laurus riparia M.,” herbarium name, “Amaz. l.”], M 147428, M 0147429, MEL 2324397 [“Laurus riparia,” herbarium name, “Para”], MEL 2324398 [“Laurus riparia Mart.”, herbarium name, “Para”], S [R-7276]). Further synonyms in Kurz (2000). 174 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy 13. Licaria crassifolia (Poir.) P.L.R. Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 55. 2008. Specimen: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis ad Coari,” November 1819, sterile, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000256425 [annotated by Nees; leaf fragment], M 0147426) [Syntype of Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. var. maior Nees, Syst. Laur.: 313. 1836]. Basionym: Laurus crassifolia Poir. in Lam. Encycl., Suppl. 3: 323. 1813. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 55): FRENCH GUIANA. “Caienne”, 1791, fr., L. C. M. Richard s.n. (P 00128465 [ex Herb. Poiret]; Isolectotypes, P 00128463 [ex Herb. Richard], P 00128464 [ex Herb. E. Drake], P-JU 00662838 [Cat. No. 1226]). Synonyms: Aydendron cannella Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 90. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 180. 1866 ≡ Acrodiclidium cannella (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 90. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 728. 1936 ≡ Licaria cannella (Meisn.) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 583. 1937; Kurz, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 28/29: 121. 2000 ≡ Misanteca cannella (Meisn.) Lundell, Wrightia 4(3): 99. 1969. TyPE: FRENCH GUIANA. Acarouany, August 1858, l., P. A. Sagot 1190 (Holotype: G-DC; Isotypes, B† [F neg. 3837], BM 000993917, K 000602022, Ny 00354870, P 00128461, P 00128462, U 0002746, W n.v.). Aydendron cayennense Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 95. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 186. 1866 ≡ Acrodiclidium cayennense (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 91. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 730. 1936 ≡ Licaria cayennensis (Meisn.) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 583. 1937 ≡ Misanteca cayennensis (Meisn.) Lundell, Wrightia 4(3): 99. 1969. TyPE: FRENCH GUIANA. Caiena, s.d., fr., J.-B. Patris 41 (Holotype: G-DC [F neg. 7288]; Isotypes, B†, G, L 0036456, Ny 00354869, P). 14. Licaria polyphylla (Nees) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 584. 1937; Kurz, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 28/29: 167. 2000 ≡ Misanteca polyphylla (Nees) Lundell, Wrightia 4(3): 101. 1969. Basionym: Nectandra polyphylla Nees, Syst. Laur.: 332. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 160. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 270. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 97. 1889. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Coari, “in sylvis ad Coari,” November 1819, sterile, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147422; Isotype, GZU 000254280). Synonyms: Acrodiclidium guianense Nees var. caudatum Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 85. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 173. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 98. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 734. 1936 ≡ Acrodiclidium meissneri Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 98. 1889. Lectotype (designated by Kostermans, 1936: 738): VENEZUELA. Amazonas, “prope San Carlos, ad Rio Negro,” August 1853, R. Spruce 3058 (K 000602019; VOL. 20, NO. 2 Isolectotypes, B† [F neg. 3841], BM 000947197, BR 0000008812810, C 10013587, E 00259391, F [0061307F], G 00368869, G 00368870, G-DC, GH 00041577, GOET 004500, K 000602020, LE 00000141, Ny 00354749, Ny 00354750, P 00757118, P 00757119, P 00757120, S [S-R-7278], U, W n.v.). Further synonyms in Kurz (2000). 15. Licaria puchury-major (Mart.) Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 34: 583. 1937; Kurz, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 28/29: 126. 2000; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 198. 2012 ≡ Nectandra puchury-major (Mart.) Nees & Mart. in Nees, Syst. Laur.: 328. 1836; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 109–110. 1843; ibid. in Fl. Bras. 5(2): 317. 1868; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 156. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 265, t. 95. 1866 ≡ Acrodiclidium puchury-major (Mart.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 88. 1889; Kostermans, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 727. 1936 ≡ Misanteca puchury-major (Mart.) Lundell, Wrightia 4: 101. 1969. Basionym: Ocotea puchury-major Mart. in Buchner, Repert. Pharm. 35: 171. 1830. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis ad Tabatinga,” December 1819, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147421 [F neg. 19259]; Isotypes, B†, BR 0000008812841, G 00368872, GZU 000254328, L 0036458 [“Laurus Pichurim vera,” herbarium name, “Rio Negro”; ex Herbarium Reinwardtianum]). Probable isotypes: M 0147419, M 0147420. For a complete list of synonyms, see Kurz (2000). Vernacular names: “Fabas Pechurim v. Puchury” (Martius, 1868). 16. Nectandra acuminata (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 11(1): 19. 1931; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 49. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 270. 1993. Basionym: Persea acuminata Nees & Mart. in Nees, Syst. Laur.: 170. 1836; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 409. 1889 [as synonym of Nectandra acutifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez]. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Rio Japurá, “in sylvis ad l. Japurá,” December 1819, monstr. fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147319) [also syntype of Nectandra berchemiifolia Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 154. 1864, as “berchemiaefolia”; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 262. 1866; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 50. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 267. 1993]. 17. Nectandra amazonum Nees, Syst. Laur.: 282. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 150. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 256, t. 92. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 420. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 49. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 236. 1993; Moraes, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 369. 2013. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1986: 49, as “Holotyp M”): BRAZIL. Pará, “in luminis Amazonum omni ripa a Pará, 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS ad Tabatinga,” September–October 1819, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147314; Isolectotype, GZU 000254251). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Pará, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (B 10 0185108, G, GZU 000254252, L 0037115 [“Laurus amazonum M / secus totum l. Amazon.,” herbarium name], M 0147315, M 0147316, M 0147317, M 0147318, MEL 2324402 [“Laurus amazonum,” herbarium name, “Para”], U 0002889 [fragment]). Synonymy in Rohwer (1993). 18. Nectandra canescens Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 47. 1836; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 280. 1836; ibid. in Linnaea 21: 501. 1848; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 147. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 251. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 408. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 51. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 274. 1993; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 23. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 199. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 369. 2013. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 274): BRAZIL. Pará, “in sylvis secus l. Amazonum, Provinciae Paraënsis et RN,” 20 October 1819, l., immat. fr., C. F. P. von Martius Martius Obs. 2750: “Pomatium canescens … arbor 15–20 ped. … In silvis ad marginem l. Amazonum” (M 0112453 [annotated by Martius as “Persea canescens,” and by Nees as “Pomatium canescens,” herbarium names]; Isolectotypes, GZU 000254254 [annotated by Nees as “Pomatium canescens M. / in sylvis secus lumen Amazonum Provinciae Paraensis. Sept. et Oct.; in sylv. Ad luv. Madeiram Prov. Flumini Nigri Aprili / a Martius”], M 0112458, M 0112459). Specimen: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis ad luv. Madeira,” April 1820, sterile, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (B 10 0185095 [F neg. 3750]). Synonymy in Rohwer (1993) and Moraes (2012a). The other syntype of Nectandra canescens Nees & Mart. is the gathering by “Sellow B 433 c 410”, which is the type of Nectandra rigida (Kunth) Nees var. canescens Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 407. 1889. According to Rohwer (1993: 288), although N. rigida var. canescens is based on the Sellow syntype of N. canescens Nees & Mart., it has to be treated as a new variety and not as a combination based on N. canescens, because Mez accepted Nectandra canescens in the sense of its Martius syntype in the same publication. 19. Nectandra cuspidata Nees & Mart. in Nees, Syst. Laur.: 330. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 159. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 268, t. 97. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 449. 1889; Rohwer, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 100. 1993 ≡ Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb. ssp. cuspidata (Nees & Mart.) Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 72. 1986; Moraes, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 369. 2013. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 100): BRAZIL. Amazonas, Tefé, “in ripa luminis Amazonum, praesertim ad villam Ega,” January 1820, l., fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147303; Isolectotypes, B 10 0086138, GZU 000254262, L 0037121, L 0037122 [“Laurus cuspidata M. / R. Amazon.,” herbarium name], L 1802480 [“Laurus egensis Mart.,” herbarium name, “Prov. 175 Rio Negro”], M 0147304). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Rio Japurá, “in sylvis Japurensibus,” January 1820, l., fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000254262, M 0147302, M 0147306); BRAZIL. Amazonas/Pará, “in sylvis secus luv. Maué et Amazonum,” September 1819, immat. fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000254261, M 0147305). Synonymy in Rohwer (1993). “Martius Obs. 2721 Ocotea”, which has not been annotated in any specimen in Munich, most likely refers to this species. 20. Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 196. 1993 ≡ Nectandra leucantha Nees var. peruviana Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 151. 1864. Basionym: Laurus hihua Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 4(2): t. 366. 1804[–1830] (Ruiz and Pavón, 1956: 33, t. 366). TyPE: ECUADOR. Guayas, “in Huayaquilensibus nemoribus,” 1799, J. Tafalla s.n. (Holotype: MA 811751; Isotypes, B 10 0185060, F [0040309F; fragment], FI-W 005165, G 00369022, MA 811752). Synonyms: Nectandra lucida Nees, Syst. Laur.: 334. 1836, non ibid. p. 295, non 1833, hom. post. ≡ Nectandra schomburgkii Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 151. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 258. 1866. Lectotype (designated by Mez, 1889: 429): BRAZIL. Amazonas, “ad lumen Japurá,” December 1819, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0121041 [“Ocotea lucida Mart.,” herbarium name]; Isolectotype, GZU 000249367). Syntype: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis Japurensibus,” February 1820, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147294). Complete synonymy in Rohwer (1993). 21. Nectandra japurensis Nees & Mart. in Nees, Syst. Laur.: 335. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 163. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 274, t. 99. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 440. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 65. 1986; ibid. in, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 125. 1993. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 125): BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis Japurensibus ad Maripi, S. Joh. Princ. cet. Provinciae Fluminis nigri Brasiliae,” December–January 1819/1820, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147292; Isolectotypes, B 10 0185058 [Mus. Bot. Berol. Film Nr. 1232/13; Ny neg. 8343], B 10 0185059, GZU 000254272, HBG [fragment], L 0037128 [“Laurus japurensis M. / R. Negro,” herbarium name; ex Herbarium Reinwardtianum], M 0147293). Synonymy in Rohwer (1993). 22. Nectandra leucantha Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 48. 1833; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 310. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 150. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 257. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 431. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 52. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 201. 1993; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 19. 2008 ≡ ‘Persea leucantha Mart.’, nom. nud. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 201): BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 176 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy 0185048 [B neg. 6873]). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “In camposus Tabuleiro ad Salgado,” August 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1704: “arbor 15–20 ped. … In campis locis Tabuleiro consitis” (GZU 000254273 [annotated by Nees; Anonymous s.n.], M 0111058) [= Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 196. 1993]). Specimen: BRAZIL. Bahia, “m. ad. V. do Rio de Contas interionis,” October–November 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1704 (GZU 000254273 [Anonymous s.n.], M 0111057). Synonymy in Rohwer (1993). 23. Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 282. 1860; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 161. 1864; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 450. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 70. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 94. 1993 ≡ Persea membranacea (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) 2: 270. 1825 ≡ Phoebe membranacea (Sw.) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 118. 1836 ≡ Ocotea membranacea (Sw.) R.A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 59. 1981. Basionym: Laurus membranacea Sw., Prodr. 65. 1788. TyPE: JAMAICA. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., O. P. Swartz s.n. (Holotype: S [R-3166; Ny neg. 8559]; Isotypes, BM 000758874, S [09-16300]). Specimen: “Ex India occidentalis”, s.d., l., O. P. Swartz s.n. (SBT 11582). Synonym: Nectandra cuspidata Nees & Mart. var. macrocarpa Nees, Syst. Laur.: 331. 1836. TyPE: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “in sylvis caeduis,” October 1817, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147307). Complete synonymy in Rohwer (1993). 24. Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 48. 1833; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 313. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 160. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 271, t. 98. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 436. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 57. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 180. 1993; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 20. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 200. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 369. 2013 ≡ Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. var. minor Nees, Syst. Laur.: 313. 1836, nom. illegit. superl., = var. nitidula. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 180): BRAZIL. São Paulo, “in campis prope Taubaté,” December 1817, fr., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 546: “arbor 20 ped. cal. viridis” (M 0111064). Other syntypes: BRAZIL. São Paulo, 1829, l., F. Sellow 28 (B 10 0185228 [B neg. 1581/3, Ny neg. 8319]); BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0185227 [B neg. 5197]). Probable syntypes: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0185226 [ex Herb. Baschant]); idem, s.d., l., F. Sellow s.n. (BR 0000008808479, E 00259309); idem, s.d., l., F. Sellow s.n. (CGE); idem, s.d., l., Anonymous s.n. (GZU 000259200 [annotated by Nees]). Synonyms: Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. var. maior Nees, Syst. Laur.: 313. 1836; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 57. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. VOL. 20, NO. 2 Monogr. 60: 181. 1993; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 20. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 200. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 369. 2013. LECTOTyPE (designated here): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serro, “in montosis Serro frio Provinciae Minarum generalium,” May 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0111060 [annotated by Nees]; Isolectotype, GZU 000249360 [annotated by Nees with “Nectandra nitidula, nondum lorens / Petalanthera paniculigera N. ab Es. / Minas Geraes”]). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Diamantina, “in campis, Tabuleiro, terrae Adamantin. Prope Tejuco,” June 1818, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000256425 [annotated by Nees; fragment; Anonymous s.n.], M 0111063 [annotated by Nees]); BRAZIL. Bahia, “in sylvis Catingas locis editioribus deserto Min. Nov.,” October 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000249359 [annotated by Nees], M 0111061 [F neg. 6590; annotated by Martius as “Persea paniculigera,” herbarium name]); BRAZIL. Paraná, l., F. Sellow 4495 (B 10 0088601 [B neg. 1581/5, Ny neg. 8321; mixtum compositum, only the lower fragment]; BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., F. Sellow 1368* (B†, L 0037147); BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, “Insula S. Catharinae,” s.d., l., J. Tweedie s.n. (E 00259433, GZU 000249358 [ex Herb. Arnott., annotated by Nees as “Nectandra nitidula Var. a;” Anonymous s.n.]) [= Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez, Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 824. 1902]. Specimens: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, August 1839, P. Claussen in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1239 [as 1293 in Mez, 1892] (AWH 28295, BM 000947260, G, G-DC, JE 00004387 [Anonymous 1239], K [not located], L 0037144, L 0037145, L 0037146, LE 00006796, LE, M 0111059, M 0111062, MO 247468, Ny 00355481, OXF 00083028, P 00711051) = Claussen 106 [BR 0000008808240], Claussen 107 [BR 0000008807946], Claussen s.n. [BR 0000008808271; attributed to Riedel]). Nectandra sarcocalyx Nees, Syst. Laur.: 338. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 167. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 278. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 436. 1889. TyPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, “in alpestribus campis ad Va. Do Rio das Contas et Sincorâ,” October 1818, fr. monstr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0111065 [annotated by Martius as “[Laurus] Persea sarcocalyx,” herbarium name]; Isotype, GZU 000254287 [annotated by Nees; fragment]). Further synonymy in Rohwer (1993), and Moraes (2012a). Rohwer (1993: 181) designated the collection Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1239 as the lectotype of Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. var. maior Nees. However, this collection refers to a gathering undertaken by Peter Claussen in Cachoeira do Campo, Minas Gerais, in August 1839, which therefore is not an original material for the lectotypiication of the variety named by Nees von Esenbeck. 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS 25. Nectandra oppositifolia Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 47. 1833; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 279. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 146. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 250. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 406. 1889; Rohwer, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 286. 1993; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 22. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 201. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 369. 2013 ≡ Nectandra oppositifolia Nees & Mart. var. angustifolia Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 47. 1833, nom. illegit. superl., = var. oppositifolia ≡ Nectandra mollis (Kunth) Nees ssp. oppositifolia (Nees & Mart.) Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 61. 1986. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 286): BRAZIL. São Paulo, l., F. Sellow 5722 (B 10 0185222 [Ny neg. 8327; annotated by Mez as “Nectandra oppositifolia Nees fa. intermedia,” nom. nud.]; Isolectotypes, B 10 0185221 [ex Herb. Kunth], BM 000895363, G-DC 00130422, K 000512726, VT 001549). Other syntypes: BRAZIL. “Brasilia orientalis”, l., F. Sellow LVI (BR 0000008808226); BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, l., F. Sellow 4428 (B 10 0185220). Probable syntypes: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, l., F. Sellow s.n. (GZU 000249356, HAL 0010385 [both with labels by Schlechtendal annotated as “Pomatium oppositifolium”]); idem, l., F. Sellow s.n. (GZU 000249357 [annotated by Nees as “Pomatium oppositifolium”]). Specimens: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, sterile., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0185172); idem, l., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0185175); BRAZIL. São Paulo, Iperó, “in sylvis primaevis ad ypanema,” January 1818, sterile, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0121029); BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in sylv. abor. ad l. Doce,” 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0121027). Synonym: Nectandra schottii Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 147. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 252. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 407. 1889 ≡ ‘Nectandra acutissima Nees ex Meisn.’ in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 147. 1864, nom. invalid. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 286): BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “prope Cantagallo,” s.d, H. W. Schott 5607 (M). Syntype: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “in sylvis caeduis ad Sebastianopolin,” December 1817, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000249322, M 0121030). Further synonyms and detailed information in Rohwer (1993) and Moraes (2008). 26. Nectandra psammophila Nees & Mart. in Nees, Syst. Laur.: 303. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 161. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 272. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 434. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 68. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 160. 1993; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 201. 2012; ibid. in Scripta Bot. Belg. 49: 120. 2013. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 160): BRAZIL. Espírito Santo, Vila Velha, “Barra de Jucu,” March 1816 [sic; December 1815], l., M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n. (BR 0000008808066; Isolectotypes, B 10 0185169 [F neg. 3763], BR 0000008808363, GOET 000753, GZU 000254281, MEL 2324403 [“Laurus amoena Mart.,” herbarium name], MEL 2324386). Probable isolectotypes: BRAZIL. 177 [Bahia], with label “Ad l. Ilheos,” s.d., l., Anonymous s.n. [“Communic. Martius 1827”] (K 000642237; “Laurus amoena Mart.,” herbarium name); idem, [Bahia], with label “In silvis prope Rio das Contas,” s.d., l., Anonymous s.n. [“Communic. Martius 1827”] (K 000642238; “Laurus saporosa Mart.,” herbarium name). Syntype: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro/São Paulo, “in sylvis subalpinis alt. 1500 pedum supra Serra do Mar”, December 1817, immat. fr., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 411: “Arbor 30 ped. Flores in racemis 6–8. In alpinis alt. 1500’” (GZU 000260031, M 0121034). Specimen: BRAZIL. São Paulo, Iperó, “in sylv. primaevis ad ypanema,” January 1817, sterile, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0121033 [annotated by Rohwer as “probabiliter Nectandra aff. psammophila Nees vel N. megapotamica (Spr.) Mez”]). Further synonymy in Rohwer (1993). Specimens at K 000642237 and K 000642238 have Herbarium Martii labels, typically printed with “Communic ……182…,” and handwritten with “Martius” and “7” (i.e. “Communicavit Martius 1827”). Moraes et al. (2013), and in subsequent papers, have reported part of the sets of Brazilian plants that Martius distributed in 1827 to several European herbaria and correspondents, particularly concerning the sets received by Luigi Colla and published in Herbarium Pedemontanum. In those papers, it has been demonstrated that most of the specimens communicated by Martius in 1827 came from collections of Prince Maximilian zu Wied, from evidence of the localities (toponyms) indicated on labels, being the same as those visited by Wied in Brazil, and from matching of the specimens distributed by Martius with those that are clearly attributed to Wied. In the present case, the specimen at K 000642237 closely matches Wied collections at BR and MEL, while the one at K 000642238 closely matches the collections at B, GOET, and GZU. Collections from Ilhéus and Rio de Contas can be attributed either to Martius or to Wied, since both visited these localities. 27. Nectandra puberula (Schott) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 332. 1836; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 58. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 220. 1993; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 202. 2012. Basionym: Persea puberula Schott in Sprengel, Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) 4(2): 405. 1827. TyPE: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, loco haud indicato, s.d., H. W. Schott s.n. (Holotype: B 10 0185167 [B neg. 5200, ex Herb. Sprengel nr. 40]; Isotypes, GZU 000254414, and probably P 00711066, P 00711067). Synonym: Nectandra amara Meisn. var. chartacea Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 158. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 267. 1866. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 221): BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “São Cristóvão,” s.d., H. W. Schott 5609 (G 00369012; Isolectotypes, F [0061480F], F [0061481F; fragment], LE, US 00048566, US 00997590). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “in sylvaticis collibusque umbrosis circa Rio de Janeiro,” May–July 1832, L. Riedel 480 (B 10 0185163 & GOET [2 sheets; Riedel s.n.; annotated 178 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy as “Nectandra amara β. subevenia Meissn.”], C, G 00368979, K 000576215, K 000576216 [as Riedel s.n.], L 0037068, LE, MEL 2324391, MICH 1104567, MICH 1104568, Ny 00355407, Ny 00355408, Ny 00355409, P 00711053, P 00711054, US 00288970, W n.v.); BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “Campos ad St. João et Cabo Frio,” October 1833, l., B. Luschnath s.n. in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. No 1307 (BR 0000008810496); BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, 1836, l., A. L. P. da Silva Manso s.n. in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. No 1307 (BR 0000008810878, G-DC, LE, M 0121045, MICH 11104567, Ny 00355406, P 00711056); BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., P. Claussen 47 (B 10 0185166, KIEL); BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., P. Claussen 78 (B 10 0185165, KIEL); BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, loco haud indicato, s.d., l., P. Claussen 2078 (F [0061484F; fragment], G 00368980, G 00368981, G 00369008, MO 247433, P 00711064, P 00711065); BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “Près le Jardin bot. de Rio de Janeiro,” March 1839, l., J. B. A. Guillemin 667 (F [0061482F], F [0061483F], G 00368978, G-DC, P 00711057, P 00711058, P 00711059). For a complete list of synonyms, see Rohwer (1993). Specimen at BR 0000008810526 bears a label annotated anonymously as “Nectandra canescens Nees / Brasilia Martius,” being identiied by Kostermans in 1935 as “Nectandra puberula Nees”. 28. Nectandra purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 443. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 77. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 46. 1993; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 202. 2012. Basionym: Laurus purpurea Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 4(2): t. 351. 1804[–1830] (Ruiz and Pavón, 1956: 17, t. 351). Lectotype (designated by Bernardi, 1967: 60, as “specimine holotypico herbarii berolinensis addicto”): PERU. Huánuco, “in Andium nemoribus ad Cuchero et Chinchao,” 1778, H. Ruíz L. & J. A. Pavón s.n. (B 10 0185160 [B neg. 1232/25]; Isolectotypes, BM 000947299, F [0040316F; #13/25 ex MA 811806], G 00369268 [F neg. 27609], MA 811806, OXF 00000255); Icon: Laurographia t. 7 (G [F neg. 34254]). Synonyms: Ocotea latifolia Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 165. 1817 ≡ Nectandra latifolia (Kunth) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 454. 1889. TyPE: COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca, “in alta planitie Bogotensi,” s.d., F. W. H. A. von Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype: P 00128755). Nectandra polita Nees & Mart. in Nees, Syst. Laur.: 325. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 163. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 275. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, Cachoeira, “in sylvis Capões ad Villa da Caxoeira,” November 1818, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0121031 [F neg. 19268]; Isotype, GZU 000249355). Specimens: BRAZIL. VOL. 20, NO. 2 Bahia, Ilhéus, “in collib. pr. Ilheos,” May 1821, l., L. Riedel 307 (GOET, K 000642337, L 1802307 [as Riedel s.n.], LE [2 sheets], Ny 00887019); idem, April 1837, l., B. Luschnath s.n. in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. No.420 (B 10 0185159, BM 000947255, BR 0000008810489, BR 0000008810519, G, G-DC, GZU 000249354 [fragment], K 000642336, L 0037070, LE 00006797, LE, M 0121032, MO 247434, Ny 00355493, P 00711025); idem, 1836, B. Luschnath s.n. (BR 0000008808042). Further synonyms in Rohwer (1993), and further information on the priority of Ruiz and Pavón’s name over Kunth’s name in Moraes (2012, 2013). As pointed out by Moraes (2012a), Rohwer (1993) indicated that Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. No.420 would probably be the same collection of Martius s.n., collected in Cachoeira. However, Martius (1837–[1841]; 1841: 7) clearly indicated “420. Oreodaphne dispersa Nees ab Esenb. Laur. 427 var. grandifolia ? ipso deiniente. … In silvis ad Ilheos. Aprili. Dryas,” which does therefore represent a different collection gathered by Luschnath. 29. Nectandra reticulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 404. 1889; Rohwer, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 201: 276. 1993; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 24. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 203. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 370. 2013. Basionym: Laurus reticulata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 4(2): t. 348. 1804[–1830] (Ruiz and Pavón, 1956: 14, t. 348). Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 276, as “MA”; second-step lectotype designated by Moraes, 2008: 24): PERU. Cuchero, May[–September ?] 1780, l., H. Ruíz L. & J. A. Pavón s.n. (MA 811776 [with handwritten labels “Laurus reticulata Laurographia Pavon et Sp. Pl. Fl. Per. / de Cuchero” by Pavón, and “Enneandria Monogyn. Casyta ? Laurus F P. c. L. N. 160 Ex Vitoc [Tarma]. Año 94” by Tafalla]; Isolectotypes, F [0040293F, ex MA, ex Vitoc, fragments of leaf and lower], MA 811778 [numbered “13/19”], MA 811780 [F neg. 29398; numbered “13/19”]). Syntypes: PERU. Cuchero and Chinchao, s.d., l., H. Ruíz L. & J. A. Pavón s.n. (A 00041960 [Pavón 504 ex G], B 10 0185150, BC 872724, BM 000947252, BR 0000008808370 [ex Herb. Reg. Berolinense ex Herb. Lamberti], F [0040319F; F neg. 58079], F [0040320F; F neg. 58078, with lower and fruit], FI-W n.v., G 00020756 (Pavón 504, 2 sheets), G 00020755 & G 00020758 (Pavón s.n.; 7 sheets), G (4 sheets), GZU 000261284 [fragment], HAL 0010378 [ex Herb. Reg. Berolinense ex Herb. Lamberti], MA 811777 & MA 811779 [ex Herbarium Peruvianum Ruiz et Pavon, numbered “13/20”], MA 811781 [Pavón’s label annotated as “Laurus reticulata / Laurographia Pavon et Sp. Pl. Fl. Per.”], P 00571439 [ex Herb. Pavon], P 00571440 [ex Herb. Pavon No. 36, annotated by Mez], P 00571441 [ex Herb. Reg. Berolinense ex Herb. Lamberti]; PERU. Cuchero, July, l., J. Dombey s.n. (B 10 0185149, G-DC, GZU 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS 179 000254296 [fragment], MA 811775 [ex Herb. Ruiz & Pavón, with Dombey’s label as “Laurus pubescens. F. p. 1780/in Sylvis Cochero,” and “Enneandria monogynia… /habitat in Sylvis Cochero, loret julio;” see Alvarez Lopez, 1956: 75, and Ruiz and Pavón, 1989], P 00745320, P 00745321, P-JU 00662847; also syntypes of Nectandra villosa Nees & Mart. var. venosa Nees, Syst. Laur.: 291. 1836). Icon: Laurographia t. 3 (G [F neg. 34250]). Synonyms: Ocotea mollis Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 164. 1818 ≡ Persea mollis (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) 2: 270. 1825 ≡ Nectandra mollis (Kunth) Nees, Pl. Laur. Expos. 14. 1833; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 287. 1836; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 112. 1843; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 148. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 253, t. 91. 1866; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 60. 1986. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1993: 276): COLOMBIA. Tolima, “prope El Azufral in Andibus Quindiuensibus, alt. 1050 hexap.,” s.d., l., F. W. H. A. von Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland s.n. (P 00128743; Isolectotypes, B 10 0185155 [Mus. Bot. Berol. Film Nr. 5202], B-W 07796 -01 0 [Mus. Bot. Berol. Film Nr. 657/33; “Laurus villosa Willd.,” herbarium name] & B-W 07796 -00 0, F [0061634F; F neg. 63073], GZU 000254324 [fragment], Ny 00355629, Ny 00355630, P 00128746, U 0002912, US 00028321). Specimens: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, April 1836, Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. No.169 [= Ackermann V no. 121] (AWH 28300, BR 0000008808080, BR 0000008808387, G-DC 00147172, K 000576187, L 1802317, LE, M 0147273, M 0147274, M 0147275, M 0147276, MO 257354, OXF 00000288, STR). Complete synonymy in Rohwer (1993) and further information in Moraes (2013). Vernacular name: “Canella preta” (Martius, 1843). 00000301, P 00756760) [Lectotype of Ocotea petalanthera (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 358. 1889]. Further information in Rohwer (1986) and Moraes (2013). 32. Ocotea ceanothifolia (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 365. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 214. 1986 ≡ ‘Persea ceanothifolia Mart. ex Nees’, Syst. Laur.: 236. 1836, nom. invalid. Basionym: Mespilodaphne ceanothifolia Nees, Syst. Laur.: 236. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 106. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 199. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis Japurensibus ad Porto dos Miranhas,” February 1820, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 3174: “Laurus ceanothifolia m. … Arbor sive frutex ramis densis …” (Syntypes: B 10 0185262 [F neg. 3640], G 00369362, L [2 sheets; “Laurus ceanothifolia M.,” herbarium name, “Japura”], M 0147148, M 0147150, Ny 00355332 [fragment]); BRAZIL. Pará, “in sylvis ad Flumen Amazonum,” September 1819, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 3174 (Syntypes: M 0147149, Ny 00355332 [fragment]). 30. Ocotea bracteolata (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 354. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 216. 1986; Moraes, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 372. 2013 ≡ Oreodaphne bracteolata Meisn., DC., Prodr. 15(1): 124. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 220. 1866. Basionym: Petalanthera bracteolata Nees, Syst. Laur.: 347. 1836. Lectotype (designated by Meissner [irst-step], and by Mez [second-step]): BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis aeternis Coari,” November–December 1819, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147154; Isolectotypes, B 10 0185271 [F neg. 3633], GZU 000254422, HBG [fragment], M 0147155, Ny 00355873 [fragment]). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Rio Japurá, “in sylvis Japurensibus,” January–February 1820, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000265483, M 0147153); PERU. Loreto, “in Peruvia orient. prov. Maynas pr. yurimaguas,” 1839, E. F. Poeppig 2426 (AWH 28268, B† [F neg. 3702], F [0040353F], G 00369324, G 00369325, G-DC, GOET 004541, GZU 000254361, KIEL [2 sheets], Ny 00355874 [fragment], OXF 33. Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez, Mitt. Bot. Vereins Kreis Freiburg 47/48: 422. 1888, s. lat.; ibid. in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 377. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 207. 1986; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 247. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 371. 2013. Basionym: Oreodaphne cernua Nees, Syst. Laur.: 424. 1836. Lectotype (designated by Mez, 1888: 422): MARTINIQUE. Loco haud indicato, s.d., F. W. Sieber Flora mixta. No 385 (KR; Isolectotypes, G 00369366, G-DC 00130426 [only the lowering sheet], LE 00006768, LE [2 sheets], MEL, Ny 00074413, P 01959499). Syntypes: MARTINIQUE. Loco haud indicato, s.d., F. Kohaut in F. W. Sieber Flora martin. No 106 (AWH 28401, B 10 0185257, B 10 0185260, B 10 0185261, BR 0000008813053, G 00369384, GH 00042066, GZU 000254342 [fragment], JE 00004386, KIEL, L 0056294, L 0056295, LE [2 sheets], M 0147144, M 0147145, MO 277515); MARTINIQUE. Loco haud indicato, s.d., J. W. Hornemann s.n. (C, GZU 000260297 [fragment]). 31. Ocotea camphoromoea Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 179. 1986 ≡ ‘Persea subtriplinervia Mart. ex Nees’, Syst. Laur.: 466. 1836, nom. invalid. ≡ Ocotea subtriplinervia (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 333. 1889, nom. illegit. Basionym: Camphoromoea subtriplinervia Nees, Syst. Laur.: 466. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 144. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 246, t. 87. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Pará, “in sylvis secus Flumen Amazonum,” September 1819, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147134; Isotypes, B 10 0185426, M 0147135, M 0147136, M 0147137, M 0147138, M 0147139). 180 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy Synonyms: ? Laurus nitida Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 4(2): t. 353. 1804[–1830] (Ruiz and Pavón, 1956: 19, t. 353) ≡ Mespilodaphne nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 106. 1864. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2012b: 247): PERU. “in Chacahuassi,” 1787, H. Ruíz L. & J. A. Pavón s.n. (503 in G-Del) (MA 811788; Isolectotypes, B 10 0247502 [B neg. 5266B], BM 000947285, F [0061414F; fragment], F [0061419F; fragment], G [2 sheets], G [ex Herb. Moricand, F neg. 27619], HAL 0103800, MA 811787, Ny 00355164 [ex G ex Herb. Moricand], P 00756828 [Pavón 36]). Syntype: PERU. “Cuchero,” J. Dombey s.n. (P 00756826, P 00756827). Icon: Laurographia t. 13 (G [F neg. 34260]). ? Laurus leptobotra Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 4(2): t. 368. 1804[–1830] (Ruiz and Pavón, 1956: 35, t. 368) ≡ Oreodaphne leptobotra (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees, Linnaea 21: 520. 1848; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 138. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 239. 1866 ≡ Ocotea leptobotra (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 376. 1889. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2012b: 247): PERU. “In Andium nemoribus ad Macora praedium,” s.d., H. Ruíz L. & J. A. Pavón s.n. (MA 811791; Isolectotypes, B 10 0247503 [B neg. 5266c], F [0061415F; fragment], F [0061416F; fragment], G, GZU 000254142 [ex B, fragment], MA 811790, Ny 00355162 [ex G, fragment]). Icon: Laurographia t. 21 (G [F neg. 34268]). ? Leptodaphne subalpina Nees, Syst. Laur.: 361. 1836 ≡ Oreodaphne subalpina (Nees) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 137. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 238. 1866 ≡ Ocotea subalpina (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 375. 1889. TyPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, Rio de Contas, “Serra Grande prope Villam do Rio de Contas,” October 1818, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147140; Isotype, GZU 000254159 [fragment]). ? Leptodaphne tenuilora Nees, Syst. Laur.: 359. 1836 ≡ ‘Persea tenuilora Mart. ex Nees’, Syst. Laur.: 359. 1836, nom. invalid. ≡ Camphoromoea tenuilora (Nees) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 144. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 247. 1866 ≡ Ocotea tenuilora (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 383. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 208. 1986. TyPE: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “in sylva Brasiliae densissima prope cataractas Tijucenses ad Sebastianopolin,” November 1817, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 261: “Persea tenuilora Calyx clavato infundibuliformis limbo 6ido …” (Holotype: M 0111179; Isotypes, B 10 0185423, GZU 000254160 [fragment], M 0111180). For a complete list of probable synonyms, see Rohwer (1986). Rohwer (1986) has circumscribed Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez in a very broad sense. Once conirmed that the taxa described and collected by Ruiz & Pavón in Peru are the same as the one described by Nees from collections of VOL. 20, NO. 2 Sieber “Flora Martinicensis & Mixta”, Ocotea leptobotra (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez must be the correct name for having priority (see Moraes, 2012b, 2013). 34. Ocotea citrosmoides (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 349. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 174. 1986. Basionym: Oreodaphne citrosmoides Nees, Syst. Laur.: 384. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 122. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 217. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Sabará, “in sylvis caeduis prope Sabará,” May 1818, l. ♂, C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1223: “Arb. parva ramio paucis patul. Flores, qui in siccis examinandi, pall. ochroleuco-viridialbi, anth. tandem nigrescentibus. Prope Sabará” (Holotype: M 0111194; Isotypes, GZU 000254343, M 0111193). 35. Ocotea complicata (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 247. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 109. 1986; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 248. 2012. Basionym: Mespilodaphne complicata Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 103. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 199. 1866. Lectotype (designated by Assis and Mello Silva, 2010: 378): BRAZIL. Bahia, Ilhéus, “in sylv. arenosis maritimis pr. Ilheos,” May 1822, L. Riedel 766 (G 00369363; Isolectotypes, B 10 0185255 [F neg. 3644], F [0061435F, fragment], G [as Riedel 776], GOET, K 000575058 [as Riedel s.n.], L 0036971 [as Riedel s.n.], LE 00000570, Ny). Syntype: BRAZIL. Bahia, “in sylvis Catingas ad Sincorâ locis altis,” November 1818, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0111195 [F neg. 19271; “Ocotea irmula Mart.,” herbarium name; “Aydendron irmulum Nees,” herbarium name], M 0111196). As pointed out by Moraes (2012b), Assis and MelloSilva (2010) reduced Ocotea complicata (Meisn.) Mez to synonymy under O. fasciculata (Nees) Mez, which is here reiteratively not accepted. The reason is based on differences between both taxa in habit, lower, fruit and vegetative characters, as well as in their habitats. 36. Ocotea cujumary Mart. in Buchner, Repert. Pharm. 35: 178. 1830; ibid. in Spix and Martius, Reise Bras. 3: 1128. 1831; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 286.1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 161. 1986 ≡ Aydendron cujumary (Mart.) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 247. 1836; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 110. 1843; ibid. in Fl. Bras. 5(2): 318. 1868; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 94. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 185, t. 66. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis Japurensibus et ad Ega, tum etiam in carapestribus sylvisque caeduis prope Barra do Rio negro,” December 1819, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0121076 [F neg. 6584]; Isotypes, B 10 0185244, M 0121077, Ny 00355591 [fragment]). Complete synonymy in Rohwer (1986). Vernacular name: “Cujumary” (Martius, 1843, 1868). 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS 37. Ocotea cymbarum Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 166. 1817 ≡ Nectandra cymbarum (Kunth) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 305. 1836; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 111. 1843; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 156. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 265, t. 96. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 464. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 106. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 298. 1993; Moraes, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 371. 2013 ≡ Licaria cymbarum (Kunth) Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 7: 135. 1941 ≡ Misanteca cymbarum (Kunth) Lundell, Wrightia 4(3): 100. 1969. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2013: 371): VENEZUELA. “in sylvis Orinocensibus prope San Fernando de Atabapo,” May, fr., F. W. H. A. von Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland 904 (B-W 07787 -01 0 [Mus. Bot. Berol. Film Nr. 657/28], B-W 07787 -00 0 [annotated by Willdenow as “Laurus coruscans” ex Bonpland, herbarium name]; Isolectotype, P 00128760). Synonym: Ocotea amara Mart. in Buchner, Repert. 35: 180. 1830. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis aboriginibus Provinciae Fluminis nigri,” 1820, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147301; Isotypes, B 10 0185242 [sterile], L 0036963 [“Laurus longifolia M. / Solimões”, herbarium name]). Synonymy in Rohwer (1986: 106–107). Vernacular name: “Páo Sassafras” (Martius, 1843). 38. Ocotea delexa Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 214. 1986 ≡ Ocotea declinata (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 352. 1889, nom. illegit., hom. post. Basionym: Oreodaphne declinata Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 114. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 208. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, Ilhéus, September 1839, l., B. Luschnath s.n. in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. No 1311 (Syntypes: BR [3 sheets]); BRAZIL. Bahia, loco haud indicato, “partie merid. de la prov. de Bahia,” s.d. [1840], l., J. S. Blanchet 3192 (Syntypes: F [0061684F], G [4 sheets], G-DC 00201332 [F neg. 7280; Blanchet 3192A], Ny 00355707 [fragment], OXF 00000309, P 00757003, W n.v.); idem, July 1839, l., B. Luschnath 32 (Syntypes: B 10 0185239, B 10 0185240 [F neg. 3653], B 10 0185241, LE, M 0147123, M 0147124, M 0147125, M 0147126, M 0147127, Ny 00355708, Ny 00355709, P 00757004, US 00047713). 39. Ocotea guianensis Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 781, t. 310. 1775 [spelled “Guyannensis” in the plate]; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 157. 1986; Moraes, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 371. 2013 ≡ Laurus ocotea Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 108. 1792, nom. illegit. ≡ Oreodaphne guianensis (Aubl.) Nees, Linnaea 21: 268, 516. 1848 ≡ Oreodaphne guianensis (Aubl.) Nees var. argentea Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 112. 1864, nom. illegit. superl., = var. guianensis; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 204. 1866. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1986: 157, as “Holotyp”): FRENCH GUIANA. Loco haud indicato, April, l., J. B. F. 181 Aublet s.n. (BM 000947302). Syntype ?: PATRIA HAUD INDICATA. Loco haud indicato, s.d. [June ?], fr., J. B. F. Aublet s.n. (P 00756908). Specimen: BRAZIL. Pará, loco haud indicato, May 1820, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147117). For a complete list of synonyms, see Rohwer (1986). 40. Ocotea hypoglauca (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 285. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 191. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 26. 2008 ≡ Persea scrobiculata Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 50. 1864, nom. illegit.; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 161. 1866. Basionym: Persea hypoglauca Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 49. 1833. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1986: 191): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in summo Monte Itacolomi 4500’ alt.,” fr., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 903: “arbor 10–15 ped. … In summo Monte” (M 0111040 [annotated by Martius as “Persea hypoglauca”, by Meissner as “Persea scrobiculata nob. prodr.,” and by Mez as “Ocotea hypoglauca”]; Isolectotype, GZU 000254394). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Paraná, l., F. Sellow 4803 (XXI) (B 10 0185196 [annotated by Nees], B 10 0185197, G 00020787 [as Sellow s.n.] [= Persea venosa Nees & Mart.]); BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, l., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0185313 [B neg. 1233/31; F neg. 3668]); idem, l., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0185314 [B neg. 1233/32]). 41. Ocotea indecora (Schott) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 249. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 110. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 14. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 251. 2012 ≡ Oreodaphne indecora (Schott ) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 407. 1836 ≡ Mespilodaphne indecora (Schott) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 102. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 196, t. 72. 1866 ≡ Ocotea pretiosa Mez var. indecora (Schott) Vattimo-Gil, Rodriguésia 37: 87. 1966. Basionym: Persea indecora Schott in Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) 4(2): 405. 1827. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 14): BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., H. W. Schott s.n. (B 10 0000017 [ex Herb. Sprengel no. 43, B neg. 5254 B]). Syntype: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., H. W. Schott 5610 (M 0121079 [F neg. 19273], M 0121080, Ny, US 00099223) [also syntype of Mespilodaphne indecora (Schott) Meisn. var. stricta Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 102. 1864]. Probable syntype: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., H. W. Schott 5600 (M 0121078, Ny). Synonym: ‘Aiouea tenuilora Nees ex Meisn.’ in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 510. 1864, nom. invalid.; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 49. 1889. Specimen: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, “in sylvis caeduis ad Sebastianopolin.,” September 1817, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147112). Other synonyms in Assis and Mello-Silva (2010), Moraes (2012b). 182 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy 42. Ocotea lancifolia (Schott) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 289. 1889, s. lat.; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 188. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 34. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 254. 2012 ≡ Oreodaphne lancifolia (Schott) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 410. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 116. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 210. 1866. Specimens: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serra do Caraça, May 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1112 (M 0121035 [“Ocotea subacris Mart.,” herbarium name]); idem, loco haud indicato, s.d., l., Anonymous s.n. (MEL 2324399; “L[aurus]. dura M[art].,” herbarium name). Basionym: Persea lancifolia Schott in Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) 4(2): 405. 1827. TyPE: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, l. ♂, H. W. Schott s.n. (Holotype: B 10 0000020 [B neg. 1234/1, F neg. 3675, Ny neg. 8379, ex Herb. Sprengel nr. 42, annotated as “Persea lancifolia Schott”]). Synonyms: Strychnodaphne lanceolata Nees, Linnaea 8: 39. 1833; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 143. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 245. 1866; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 53. 2008 ≡ Ocotea lanceolata (Nees) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 474. 1836, non Nees in Wallich (1831); Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 334. 1889. TyPE: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., immat fr., F. Sellow s.n. (Holotype: B† [possibly F neg. 3675, ex Herb. Sprengel]; Isotypes, GZU 000249333 [annotated by Nees, Anonymous s.n.], VT 001552). Oreodaphne martiana Nees, Linnaea 8: 41. 1833, e.p., mixtum compositum; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 134. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 235. 1866. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1986: 189, as “Holotip M”): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in alpinis Serra do Caraça,” April 1818, l. ♀, C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1112: “Frutex 4–6 ped. ramis patentibus glab. Serra de Carass.” (M 0111038 [“Ocotea daphnoides Mart.,” herbarium name]; Isolectotypes, GZU 000259998 [fragment], M 0121036, Ny 00355742 [fragment]). Syntype: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, loco haud indicato, s.d. [April], fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (B 10 0185347, GZU 000254355 [fragment]) [= Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 111. 1986]. Oreodaphne nitidula Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 41. 1833 ≡ Oreodaphne nitidula Nees & Mart. var. lanceolata Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 136. 1864, nom. invalid. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 53): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “editis Serro Frio, ad Tapanhoacanga,” May 1818, l. ♂, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0111039; Isolectotype: GZU 000254358). Oreodaphne thymelaeoides Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 42. 1833. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 43): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serro, “in Serro Frio,” May 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0111037 [annotated by Martius as “Ocotea daphnoides”, by Nees as “Oreodaphne angustifolia thÿmelaeoides N. ab. Es. / nomen mutandum …, ob Oreod. angustifol. Schott. in Spr. Cur. post.,” and by Meissner as “Oreodaphne Martiana Nees β VOL. 20, NO. 2 thymelaeoides Meissner ipse”]; Isolectotype, GZU 000254370 [annotated by Nees as “Oreodaphne angustifolia thymelaeoides / Serro frio, Prov. Min. / Majo”]). Further synonyms in Rohwer (1986). Rohwer (1986) has circumscribed Ocotea lancifolia in a broad sense and in such terms that it is still needed to be established whether several of the indicated synonyms really belong to this taxon (i.e., Ocotea lancifolia). In the protologue of Oreodaphne martiana, Nees has described a species with lowers and fruits. The specimen at B 10 0185347 (annotated and cited by Mez 1889: 250–251, under Ocotea pretiosa Mez) bears a handwritten label by Nees with “Oreodaphne martiana N. et M. Var. α / Min. Ger. Apr. / a Mart.” However, it is a fruiting specimen which belongs to Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer, with a duplicate in GZU. Therefore, Oreodaphne martiana Nees must be taken only from the lowering material of Martius. Another specimen cited by Mez (1889: 250–251, under Ocotea pretiosa Mez), Martius “n. 79”, has not been located so far. 43. Ocotea laxa (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 381. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 211. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 8. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 264. 2012 ≡ ‘Persea laxa Mart. ex Nees’, Syst. Laur.: 468. 1836, nom. invalid. Basionym: Camphoromoea laxa Nees, Syst. Laur.: 468. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 144. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 247, t. 88, 89. 1866. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 8): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in sylvis Capoeira prope Faz. de S. Barbara et haud procul a Villa de Campanha,” February 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 678: “arbor cortice dilute cinereo. Altitudo 15–20 ped. Rami laxi dependentes. In Capoeira” (M 0111035 [“Persea laxa Mart.,” herbarium name]; Isolectotypes, B 10 0000022, GZU 000253885). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais e São Paulo, “in sylvis caeduis prope luv. Sapucahy, prope Camapuão”, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0111036 [F neg. 19275]); BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., sterile, F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0000024); idem, s.d., sterile, F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0000025); idem, s.d., sterile, F. Sellow s.n. (HAL 0010445). 44. Ocotea longifolia Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 164. 1817; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 158. 1986; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 254. 2012 ≡ Persea longifolia (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 270. 1825 ≡ Oreodaphne longifolia (Kunth) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 391. 1836. TyPE: COLOMBIA. Tolima, “in saxosis inter Mariquitam Novogranatensium et Santa Ana,” June 1801, fr., F. W. H. A. von Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland 1729 (Holotype: P 00128764; Isotypes, B-W 07789-01 0 [B neg. 657/26] & B-W 07789-00 0, P 00128765, P 00128766, P 00128767). Synonyms: ? Laurus aurantiodora Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 4(2): t. 349. 1804[–1830] (Ruiz and Pavón, 1956: 15, t. 349) ≡ Aydendron suaveolens Nees var. β Nees, 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS Linnaea 21: 499. 1848, nom. invalid. ≡ Mespilodaphne aurantiodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 101. 1864 ≡ Ocotea aurantiodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 295. 1889. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2012b: 255): PERU. “in Peruviae Andium nemoribus ad Chinchao et Cuchero,” 1794, H. Ruíz L. & J. A. Pavón s.n. (MA 811782; Isolectotypes, B 10 0247398 [B neg. 5215], F [0061413F; fragment], FI 005224, G, MA [2 sheets]). Icon: Laurographia t. 15 (G [F neg. 34262]). Ocotea opifera Mart. in Buchner, Repert. 35: 179. 1830; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 291. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 158. 1986; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 255. 2012 ≡ Oreodaphne opifera (Mart.) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 390. 1836; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 110. 1843 ≡ Mespilodaphne opifera (Mart.) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 510. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 194, t. 70. 1866; Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 318. 1868 ≡ ‘Laurus opifera Mart. ex Meisn.’ in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 195. 1866, nom. invalid. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1986: 158, as “Holotyp M”): BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis secus luv. Amazonum et Rio Negro,” October 1819, fr., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 2796: “Arbor 10–15 pedalis loribus in paniculis magnis terminalibus pallide lavo-ochroleucis, fructibus ellipticis in cupulis hemisphaericis. Rami angulati” (M 0121057). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “in sylvis ad Barra do Rio Negro,” October 1819, fr., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 2796 (GZU 000254327, M 0121055); idem, Amazonas, “in sylvis Japurensibus” [Rio Japurá], December 1819, l., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 2796 (GZU 000254326, M 0121056, M 0174126); idem, Amazonas, “in sylvis Japurensibus” [Rio Japurá], January 1820, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0121058); idem, Pará, “in sylvis secus l. Amazonum,” May 1820, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (B 10 0185382 [fr.], M 0121059 [l.], M 0121061 [l.]); idem, loco haud indicato, s.d., l., Anonymous s.n. (B 10 0185383 [annotated by Nees]). Further synonyms in Rohwer (1986). Vernacular name: “Canella de cheiro” (Martius, 1843, 1868). Mez (1889), Rohwer (1986), and van der Werff (2002b) have indicated Ocotea longifolia Kunth and O. aurantiodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez as probable synonyms. However, since there is no recent revision of the collections of these taxa (of specimens from Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and elsewhere), we keep here the traditional use of the irst name for the Brazilian specimens, indicating the second name as a doubtful synonym. Once the synonymy is conirmed, Ocotea aurantiodora must be the correct name to be adopted for being the oldest one (Moraes, 2012b). 45. Ocotea minarum (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 305. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 148. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 13. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 256. 2012. 183 Basionym: Gymnobalanus minarum Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 38. 1833; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 480. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 140. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 242, t. 84. 1866. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1986: 148 [irst-step]; second-step lectotype designated by Moraes, 2008: 12): BRAZIL. São Paulo, l. ☿, F. Sellow 5636 (B 10 0000037 [B neg. 5276 B]; Isolectotypes, B 10 0000036, B 10 0000038, VT). Probable isolectotypes, F [0061409F; as Sellow s.n.], HAL 0010433 [as Sellow s.n.]. Other syntypes: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in sylvis ad Mariana,” April 1818, l. ♀, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000253871, M 0111045); BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serro, “in sylvis capões Serro Frio,” May 1818, l. ♀, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000253871, M 0111044); BRAZIL. São Paulo, “campis ad ypanema et ytu” [Real Fábrica de Ferro de São João de ypanema, currently Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, Iperó; Itu], January 1818, fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000253871 [fragment], M 0111041 [“Ocotea tubigera Mart.,” herbarium name]). Possible synonyms in Rohwer (1986). 46. Ocotea neesiana (Miq.) Kosterm., Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Utrecht 25: 16. 1936; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 183. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 32. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 257. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 372. 2013 ≡ Oreodaphne fallax Miq., Stirp. Surinam. Select.: 203. 1851, nom. illegit. superl. ≡ Ocotea fallax Miq. ex Mez, Mitt. Bot. Vereins Kreis Freiburg 47/48: 422. 1888, nom. illegit. superl. Basionym: Nectandra neesiana Miq., Linnaea 18: 745. 1844. TyPE: SURINAME. “distr. Para,” February– April 1844, l. ♂, F. W. R. Hostmann & A. Kappler 1433 (Holotype: U 0008441; Isotypes, AWH 28263, B† [ex Herb. Döll, ide Mez 1888: 422; not located in KR], G 00021042, G 00021043, GOET 000744, JE 00004381, KIEL, LE, P 00571434, P 00571435, P 01964216). Synonyms: Oreodaphne japurensis Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 124. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 219. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 309. 1889 ≡ Oreodaphne dispersa Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 43. 1833, e.p. TyPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas, “Rio Negro, in sylvis Japurensibus,” l. ♀, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0111069; Isotypes, GZU 000254347, L [“Laurus paucilora M.,” herbarium name, “R. Negro;” ex Herbarium Reinwardtianum], M 0111070, MEL 2318483 [“Laurus paucilora,” herbarium name, “Para”], Ny 00355728 [fragment]) [also syntype of Oreodaphne dispersa Nees & Mart.]. Further synonyms in Rohwer (1986) and Moraes (2008, 2012b). The specimen at L seems slightly different from the others at GZU, M, MEL, and Ny. It was identiied by Kostermans in February 1935 as “Ocotea tenuilora (Nees) Mez”, but deinitely does not belong to it (see entry number 33, this work). 184 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy 47. Ocotea nutans (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 362. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 196. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 33. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 259. 2012 ≡ Mespilodaphne nutans (Nees) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 98. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 189. 1866. Basionym: Oreodaphne nutans Nees, Syst. Laur.: 421. 1836. TyPE: BRAZIL. São Paulo, “In campis Provinciae S. Pauli,” January 1818, l. ♀, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0111192; Fig. 1; Isotypes, L [“Laurus paulina M.,” herbarium name, “S. Paulo;” ex Herbarium Reinwardtianum; Fig. 2], MEL [“L. paulina M.,” herbarium name, “St. Pauli”]). Synonyms: Oreodaphne nutans Nees var. sylvestris Nees, Syst. Laur.: 421. 1836 ≡ Mespilodaphne glauca (Nees) Meisn. var. virescens Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 98. 1864, nom. illegit.; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 188. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serro, “in sylvis Capões ad Tapanhoacanga, Serro Frio,” May 1818, l. ♀, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0111191). Mespilodaphne glauca (Nees) Meisn. var. virescens Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 98. 1864, excl. syn. Oreodaphne nutans Nees var. sylvestris Nees ≡ Ocotea glauca (Nees) Mez var. virescens (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 362. 1889. TyPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, “circa Igreja Velha,” s.d., l., J. S. Blanchet 3250 (Syntypes: B 10 0185330, BM 000993989, F [0061438F; F neg. 58155], G 00369419, G 00369420, G-DC 00200476, M 0147118 [F neg. 19272]); Bahia, Jacobina, s.d., l., J. S. Blanchet 3250B (Syntypes: BR 0000008823410, BR 0000008823021, BR 0000008823366, F [0061439F], FI-W 005242, G 00369421, G [2 sheets], G-DC 00200475, K 000442015, KIEL, M 014 7118 [F neg. 19272], MO 247521, Ny 00355343, P 00756893, P 00756894, P 00756895, P 00756896); idem, Igreja Velha, s.d., J. S. Blanchet 301 (Syntypes: G, P). Oreodaphne kunthiana Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 119. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 213. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l. ♂, F. Sellow s.n. (Holotype: B 10 0185388 [ex Herb. Kunth, B neg. 5286 B]; Isotypes, G 00021062, P 01958844). Ocotea subdecumbens M.A. Lisboa & J. Badini, Rev. Esc. Minas 31(4): 32. 1974; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 259. 2012. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Mariana, entre Bento Rodrigues e Sta. Rita Durão, February 1971, l. ♂, M. A. Lisboa & J. Badini s.n. (Holotype: OUPR 26600 [right-hand specimen; ex Herbário da Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto No. 4030]; Isotype, OUPR 18212); idem, Minas Gerais, Mariana, entre Bento Rodrigues e Sta. Rita Durão, February 1971, l. ♀, M. A. Lisboa & J. Badini s.n. (Paratype: OUPR 26600 [left-hand specimen; ex Herbário da Escola Federal de Farmácia e Bioquímica de Ouro Preto No. 27003], HRCB). VOL. 20, NO. 2 48. Ocotea phillyreoides (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 315. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 168. 1986; Moraes, Abc Taxa 3: 126. 2007; ibid. in Komarovia 6(1): 36. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 260. 2012 ≡ ‘Cryptocarya monticola Mart. ex Nees’, Syst. Laur.: 400. 1836, nom. invalid. ≡ Mespilodaphne phillyreoides (Nees) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 100. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 193. 1866 ≡ Mespilodaphne phillyreoides Nees (Meisn.) var. oblonga Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 100. 1864 [homotypic by typiication; lectotype designated by Moraes, 2008: 36]; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 193. 1866. Basionym: Oreodaphne phillyreoides Nees, Syst. Laur.: 400. 1836. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 36): BRAZIL. São Paulo, “Rio das Pedras,” l. ♂, F. Sellow B 1362 c 393 (B 10 0185369; Isolectotypes, B 10 0185367 [B neg. 5295], K 000575057). Probable isolectotypes: BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, l. ♂, F. Sellow s.n. (G-DC 00201230, HAL 0103830); idem, loco haud indicato, l., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0185370, ex Herb. Baschant). Syntype: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in montosis, alt. 2800–3600’,” “Cryptocarya monticola Martius” [herbarium name], l. ♀, immat. fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0111178 [annotated by Nees as “Oreodaphne philÿraeoides” and by Meissner as “Mespilodaphne phillyreoides β oblonga”). Further synonyms and information in Rohwer (1986) and Moraes (2008). Ocotea phillyreoides (Nees) Mez belongs to the Ocotea tristis (Nees & Mart.) Mez Complex sensu Rohwer (1986), whose synonymy must be conirmed. 49. Ocotea pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 317. 1889 ≡ Mespilodaphne pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 99. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 191, t. 68. 1866; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 166. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 38. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 261. 2012. Basionym: Oreodaphne pulchella Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 40. 1833; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 397. 1836; Martius, Flora 20(2, Beibl.): 102. 1837. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 39): BRAZIL. São Paulo, “inter ypanema et ytu, in Capões,” January– February 1818, l. ♂, C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 595: “... arbor 6–10 ped. …” (M 0121047 [annotated by Nees]). Syntypes: BRAZIL. São Paulo, “in campestribus prope Caja pintada versus Civ. S. Pauli,” December 1817, l. ♀, C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 512: “...arbor 10–16 ped. in Campis” (M 0121046, M 0121048 [annotated by Martius as “in virgultetis prope Civ. S. Pauli”]); BRAZIL. São Paulo, fr., F. Sellow 144 (B 10 0185456); BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serra da Moeda, fr., F. Sellow B 1378 c 413 (B 10 0185472, B 10 0185471) [syntype of Mespilodaphne pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Meisn. var. ferruginea Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 100. 1864]; BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul, l. ♀, immat. fr., F. Sellow d 2324 (B 10 0185458); BRAZIL. São Paulo, l., F. Sellow 459 (B 10 0185455). Probable syntype: 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS fiGure 1. Oreodaphne nutans Nees: Holotype (M 0111192). 185 186 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy fiGure 2. Oreodaphne nutans Nees: Isotype (L, ex Herbarium Reinwardtianum). VOL. 20, NO. 2 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, fr., F. Sellow s.n. (TUB 019041). Specimens: BRAZIL. Goiás, “prope Rio Claro,” June, l. ♀, fr., Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. No.117 [= A. L. P. da Silva Manso 278] (B 10 0185473, BR 000000880656, E 00259510, G 00021044, G-DC 00200973, K 000512688, LE 00006778, M 0121049, Ny 00355381 [Ny 00355365], P 00571418) [syntype of Mespilodaphne pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Meisn. var. elliptica Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 100. 1864]. Further synonyms and additional information in Rohwer (1986) and Moraes (2008, 2012b). 50. Ocotea spixiana (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 260. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 193. 1986 ≡ ‘Ocotea rufotomentosa Mart.’, nomen. Basionym: Oreodaphne spixiana Nees, Syst. Laur.: 382. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 117. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 212. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serro, “in sylvis Capões, locis montosis, Serro Frio,” May 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0111182 [F neg. 6587]; Isotypes, GZU 000254368, M 0111181 [annotated by Nees as “Aperiphracta martiana,” herbarium name], M 0111183, M 0111184, Ny 00355782 [fragment]). 51. Ocotea tabacifolia (Meisn.) Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 173. 1986; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 263. 2012. Basionym: Persea tabacifolia Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 51. 1864. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “monte Itambé,” November 1820, immat. fr., J. B. E. Pohl 3604 (Holotype: W†; Lectotype, designated by Moraes, 2008: 47: Ny 00355862). Synonyms: Oreodaphne umbrosa Nees, Syst. Laur.: 388. 1836, non (Kunth) Nees, Syst. Laur.: 456. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 122. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 216. 1866 ≡ Ocotea umbrosa (Nees) Mart. ex Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 350. 1889, non Kunth, 1818 ≡ Oreodaphne minarum Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 2: 226. 1841. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “inter Taparoca et Tapanhoacanga, locis altis sylvaticis,” 13 May 1818, l. ♂, C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1188: “arbor alt. 10–15 ped. … In Capoeira” (Holotype: M 0111067; Isotypes, GZU 000254371 [fragment], M 0111068, MEL 2324416). Further synonym in Rohwer (1986). 52. Ocotea teleiandra (Meisn.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 382. 1889 ≡ Oreodaphne teleiandra Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 138. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 239. 1866; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 211. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 55. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 263. 2012. Basionym: Teleiandra glauca Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 46. 1833. TyPE: BRAZIL. São Paulo, l. ♂, F. Sellow 399 (Holotype: B 10 0000045; Isotypes, B 10 0000044, B 10 0000046 [ex Herb. Kunth, B neg. 5322], K 000442012, VT 001553). Probable isotypes: 187 BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, l. ♂, F. Sellow s.n. (BR 0000008767165, F [0061819F; fragment], G, GZU 000249332); idem, l., F. Sellow s.n. (HAL 0103829, wrongly mounted with the label of “Oreodaphne glauca Nees ab Es.!” written by Schlechtendal). Synonyms: Camphoromoea venulosa Nees, Syst. Laur.: 469. 1836 ≡ Oreodaphne venulosa (Nees) Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 126. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 222. 1866 ≡ Ocotea venulosa (Nees) Baitello, Fl. Fanerog. Estado São Paulo 3: 208. 2003. TyPE: BRAZIL. São Paulo, “in sylvis Montis formosi” [Morro Formoso, prope Bananal], December 1817, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147133 [F neg. 19278]; Isotype, GZU 000253888). As pointed out by Moraes (2012b: 264), Rohwer (1986: 211) synonymized Ocotea teleiandra (Meisn.) Mez with Ocotea laxa (Nees) Mez. However, according to Baitello and Marcovino (2003: 195, 197, 205), although both are similar in vegetative characters, O. teleiandra may be distinguished by tepals thick and papilose in the inner surface, leaves glabrous abaxially, absence of bullate and barbellated domatia, and larger fruits with cupule of smooth margin, whereas O. laxa has leaves pubescent abaxially, with conspicuous domatia, and fruits with hexalobed cupules. 53. Ocotea tristis (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 316. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 167. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 43. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(2): 264. 2012 ≡ Mespilodaphne tristis Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 100. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 193, t. 69. 1866 ≡ Oreodaphne tristis Nees & Mart. var. oblongifolia Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 40. 1833, nom. illegit. superl., = var. tristis. Basionym: Oreodaphne tristis Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 40. 1833. Lectotype (designated by Moraes, 2008: 45): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serro, “Serro Frio,” “Ocotea tristis s. Aeneae (Virg. VI.) 493.) In campis tristibus, ubi animae illorum, quos amor peredit…,” May 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0111177). Further synonyms and detailed information in Rohwer (1986) and Moraes (2008, 2012b). 54. Ocotea variabilis (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 288. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 189. 1986 ≡ ‘Ocotea variabilis Mart. ex Nees’, Syst. Laur.: 429. 1836, nom. invalid. Basionym: Oreodaphne variabilis Nees, Syst. Laur.: 429. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 116. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 211. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serro, “in campestribus altis Serro Frio,” May 1818, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0121081 [F neg. 6588]; Isotypes, B 10 0185417 [F neg. 3737], GZU 000254373, L [“Laurus adamantina M.,” herbarium name, “Diam. District,” ex Herbarium Reinwardtianum], M 0121082, MEL 2324404 [“Laurus adamantina Mart.,” herbarium name, “Serro Frio”). 188 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy VOL. 20, NO. 2 Although Rohwer (1986) had proposed Ocotea variabilis as a synonym of Ocotea lancifolia (Schott) Mez, their fruits are different, mainly in relation to the cups, being cupolashaped, with simple margin, without remnant tepals in the former, and dish-shaped, with double margin, and with remnant tepals in the latter, making it possible to distinguish and take them as belonging to different taxa. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “inter frutices in planitie Chapada do Paranán,” September 1818, fr., C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1770: “Frutex 4–6 pedalis, foliis subcomplicatis subtus glauco rore adspersis, calycibus roseo-igneis. In camp. Carrasco” (Holotype: M 0111175 [F neg. 6589]; Isotypes, GZU 000254298, M 0111176). 55. Ocotea velutina (Nees) Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 172. 1986; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 47. 2008. Basionym: Oreodaphne velutina Nees, Syst. Laur.: 386. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 132. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 231, t. 79. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 348. 1889. Lectotype (designated by Rohwer, 1986: 172): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in Sumo Brasiliae Monte Itambé, Serro Frio,” May 1818, l. ☿–♂, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0121084 [annotated by Martius with “Ocotea velutina” and by Nees as “Aperiphracta velutina”]; Isolectotypes, GZU 000254374 [ex Herb. Nees, annotated by Nees as “Aperiphracta velutina,” “hermaphr.-fem.,” “In summo Bras. Monte Itambé Serro Frio... Maio”], GZU 000254375 [fragments]). Syntypes: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in montosis sylvaticis prope Taparaoca präd. Serro Frio,” May 1818, l. ☿–♀, C. F. P. von Martius Obs. 1183: “arbor 15–20 ped. ram. paucis distantibus, …” (GZU 000260730 [fragment], M 0121085); BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, loco haud indicato, s.d., l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0121086); BRAZIL. São Paulo, Iperó, “ypanema,” fr., F. Sellow B 1384 c 419 (B 10 0185416 [Ny neg. 8383]); BRAZIL. São Paulo, “a S. Paulo ad meridiem,” l., F. Sellow 5867 (B 10 0185415 [Ny neg. 8384], K 000602367); BRAZIL. São Paulo, F. Sellow 5928 (B†); BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, fr., F. Sellow s.n. (B 10 0185414); idem, fr., F. Sellow s.n. (CGE); idem, l., fr., F. Sellow s.n. (E 00259499); idem, fr., F. Sellow s.n. (HAL 0010486); idem, fr., F. Sellow s.n. (LE 00006785). Further synonyms in Rohwer (1986). 58. Persea americana Mill., Gard. Dict. (ed. 8) s.n. 1768; Kopp, Mem. New york Bot. Gard. 14: 15. 1966; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 204. 2012; ibid. in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 146(3): 372. 2013. Basionym: Laurus persea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 370. 1753. Lectotype (designated by van der Werff, 2002a: 580): “Prunifera arbor, fructu maximo pyriformi viridi, pericarpio esculento butyraceo nucleum unicum maximum nullo ossiculo tectum, cingente. The Avocado or Alegator pear-tree,” in Sloane (1725: 132, t. 222, ig. 2). “Typotype” (original material): JAMAICA. Herb. Sloane Vol. VII: 77 (BM-SL 000594115). Synonym: Persea gratissima Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 3: 222, t. 221. 1807, nom. illegit. superl. for Persea americana Mill.; Nees, Syst. Laur.: 128. 1836; Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 26, 112. 1843; ibid. in Fl. Bras. 5(2): 320. 1868; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 52. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 158, t. 105, ig. 1. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 145. 1889. Specimen: BRAZIL. Pará, “circa Pará,” “in sylvis archipelagi Insularum Paraënsium,” August 1819, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (GZU 000254384, M). Further list of synonyms in van der Werff (2002a). As pointed out by van der Werff (2002a), Kopp (1966: 17) designated the description in Clusius (1601: 2) as lectotype of Laurus persea. However, since descriptions are not accepted as lectotypes, according to Art. 8.1 of ICN (McNeill et al., 2012), the illustration in Sloane (1725) has been designated as lectotype of Laurus persea L. and, therefore of Persea americana Mill. 56. Ocotea virgultosa (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 252. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 226. 1986; ibid. in Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 301. 1993; Assis and Mello-Silva, Novon 20(4): 379. 2010. Basionym: Nectandra virgultosa Nees, Syst. Laur.: 304. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 167. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 278. 1866. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, “in sylvulis udis depressis Capões dictis,” s.d., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0121088 [F neg. 19279]; Isotype, GZU 000249348 [fragment]). 57. Ocotea xanthocalyx (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 288. 1889; Rohwer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 161. 1986. Basionym: Nectandra xanthocalyx Nees & Mart. in Nees, Syst. Laur.: 312. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 167. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 277. 1866. 59. Persea rufotomentosa Nees & Mart. in Nees, Syst. Laur.: 153. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 45. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 155. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 141. 1889; Kopp, Mem. New york Bot. Gard. 14: 67. 1966; Moraes, Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 205. 2012 ≡ Mutisiopersea rufotomentosa (Nees & Mart.) Kosterm., Rheedea 3(2): 135. 1993. TyPE: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Serro, “in sylvis Capões et in Tabuleiro locis editis Montanis Serro Frio,” August 1818, l., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (Holotype: M 0147211 [F neg. 6582]; Isotypes, GZU 000254417 [fragment], M 0147212, M 0147213). 60. Persea venosa Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 50. 1833; ibid. in Syst. Laur.: 144. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 48. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 153, t. 48, ig. 1. 1866; Mez, Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 172. 1889; Kopp, Mem. New york Bot. Gard. 14: 30. 1966; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 52. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 206. 2012. TyPE: BRAZIL. São Paulo, Iperó, “ypanema,” s.d., l., F. Sellow B 1387 c 422 (Holotype: 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS B†; Lectotype, designated by Moraes, 2008: 52: G-DC 00135213; Isolectotypes, GZU 000254420, HAL 0103845, K 000602076, K 000512722, Ny 00355864 [fragment ex G-DC]). Synonym: Persea venosa Nees & Mart. var. β tersa Nees & Mart. in Nees, Linnaea 8: 50. 1833; Meissner in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 49. 1864; ibid. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 5(2): 153, t. 48, ig. 2. 1866; Kopp, Mem. New york Bot. Gard. 14: 30. 1966; Moraes, Komarovia 6(1): 52. 2008; ibid. in Harvard Pap. Bot. 17(1): 206. 2012. TyPE: 189 BRAZIL. Loco haud indicato, s.d., l., F. Sellow XXIV (Holotype: B†; Lectotype designated by Moraes, 2008: 52: GZU 000273810 [annotated by Nees with “β”]). Probable isolectotype: LISU [24000] ex Herbarium Brasiliense Dr. Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira nr. 693. Specimen: BRAZIL. “in campestribus altis ad sylv. margines / Provinciae S. Pauli et Min. Ger.,” s.d., fr., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M 0147206 [“Persea hypoglauca Mart.,” herbarium name]). Further information in Moraes (2008). remarKS 1. Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 478: BRAZIL. Rio 3. Specimen at M 0111066 has been wrongly attributed to de Janeiro, “in horto (Chacara) secundum viam ad S. Martius. In fact, it is a Sellow collection belonging to Clemente, prope Sebastianopolin, cultum,” March– Ocotea acutifolia (Nees) Mez (see Moraes, 2008). April 1833, fr., L. Riedel s.n. & B. Luschnath s.n. (BR 4. The name Laurus paniculigera Mart. ex Colla, Herb. 0000013332549, LE [4 sheets], Ny 459793), belongs to Pedem. 5: 62. 1836, according to Moraes et al. (2014), Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl in Berchtold and remains unresolved since no material has been located J. Presl, Přir. Rostlin 2: 36, 47–56, t. 8. 1825 [1823?]. at TO. However, as indicated by the former authors, in 2. Meissner (1866: 283) has reported a collection of Martius Herbarium Sonder at MEL, there are two specimens that from Rio de Janeiro for Goeppertia hirstuta (Schott) agree with the protologue and belong to Metrodorea nigra Nees, Syst. Laur.: 366. 1836; Meissner in DC., Prodr. A. St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. (quarto ed.) 1: 81, t. 16. 1825. 15(1): 172. 1864 [= Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) 5. Specimen at MEL 2324410 has two handwritten labels, J.F. Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13 one annotated with “Strychnodaphne Nees?”, the other (2/3): 850. 1938]. However, it seems to be a mistake since with “Laurus Martius”. Although its identiication is not no other author has mentioned this material, neither it has solved yet, it resembles the pattern of specimen at M been located in Munich, nor in any other herbarium. 0111065, thus of Nectandra sarcocalyx Nees. literature citeD alvarez lopez, e. 1956. 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Die Beiträge des Botanikers Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794-1868) zur Pharmakognosie und zur Erforschung tropischer Nutzplanzen, mit einer Bearbeitung seines Systema Materiae Medicae Vegetabilis Brasiliensis von 1843. Dissertation der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. wuu-KuanG, S. 2011. Taxonomic revision of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) in Borneo. Blumea 56: 241–264. inDex to Scientific nameS Current accepted names in boldface italics. Synonyms in italics. Unpublished (herbarium) names in regular typeset. Numbers in parentheses indicate entries of the respective species in the text. Acrodiclidium brasiliense Nees (12) Acrodiclidium cannella (Meisn.) Mez (13) Acrodiclidium cayennense (Meisn.) Mez (13) Acrodiclidium guianense Nees var. caudatum Meisn. (14) Acrodiclidium meissneri Mez (14) Acrodiclidium puchury-major (Mart.) Mez (15) Aiouea laevis (Mart.) Kosterm. (1) Aiouea brasiliensis Meisn. (1) Aiouea brasiliensis Meisn. var. attenuata Meisn. (1) Aiouea riedelii Mez (1) Aiouea tenuiflora Nees ex Meisn. (41) Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez (2) Aniba citrifolia (Nees) Mez (3) Aniba desertorum (Nees) Mez (4) Aniba permollis (Nees) Mez (5) Aniba puchury-minor (Mart.) Mez (6) Aperiphracta martiana Nees (50) Aperiphracta velutina Nees (55) Aydendron brasiliense (Nees) Meisn. (12) Aydendron cannella Meisn. (13) Aydendron cayennense Meisn. (13) Aydendron citrifolium Nees (3) Aydendron cujumary (Mart.) Nees (2, 36) Aydendron desertorum Nees (4) Aydendron irmulum Nees (35) Aydendron permolle Nees (5) Aydendron suaveolens Nees (2) Aydendron suaveolens Nees var. β Nees (44) Camphoromoea laxa Nees (43) Camphoromoea subtriplinervia Nees (31) Camphoromoea tenuilora (Nees) Meisn. (33) Camphoromoea venulosa Nees (52) Cassytha americana Nees var. brasiliensis (Nees) Meisn. (7) Cassytha americana Nees var. puberula (Nees) Meisn. (7) Cassytha brasiliensis Mart. ex Nees (7) Cassytha filiformis L. (7) Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Remarks) Cinnamomum erythropus (Nees & Mart.) Kosterm. (8) Cinnamomum verum J. Presl (9) Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (9) Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume var. microphyllum Nees (9) Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn. (9) Chlorocardium rodiei (R.H. Schomb.) Rohwer, H.G. Richt. & van der Werff (10) Cryptocarya aü-üva Mart. ex Nees (5) Cryptocarya canelilla Kunth (2) Cryptocarya guianensis Meisn. (10) Cryptocarya laevis Nees ex Mart. (1) Cryptocarya mandioccana Meisn. (10) Cryptocarya monticola Mart. (48) Cryptocarya monticola Mart. ex Nees (48) Cryptocarya moschata Mart. (10) Cryptocarya moschata Nees & Mart. (10) Cryptocarya pretiosa Mart. (2) Cryptocarya pyriformis levis Nees (1) Cryptocarya riedeliana P.L.R. Moraes (10) Dicipellium caryophyllatum Nees (11) Dicypellium caryophyllaceum (Mart.) Nees & Mart. (2, 11) Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) J.F. Macbr. (Remarks) Goeppertia hirstuta (Schott) Nees (Remarks) Gymnobalanus minarum Nees & Mart. (45) Laurus adamantina Mart. (54) Laurus Aüiuva Mart. (5) Laurus amazonum Mart. (17) Laurus amoena Mart. (26) Laurus aurantiodora Ruiz & Pav. (44) Laurus canelilla Willd. (2) Laurus cassioides Mart. (9) Laurus cassioides Mart. ex Miq. (9) Laurus ceanothifolia Mart. (32) Laurus cinnamomum L. (9) Laurus coruscans Bonpl. ex Willd. (37) Laurus crassifolia Poir. (13) Laurus cuspidata Mart. (19) Laurus dura Mart. (42) Laurus egensis Mart. (19) Laurus hihua Ruiz & Pav. (20) 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS Laurus japurensis Mart. (21) Laurus leptobotra Ruiz & Pav. (33) Laurus longifolia Mart. (37) Laurus membranacea Sw. (23) Laurus nitida Ruiz & Pav. (33) Laurus ocotea Rich. (39) Laurus opifera Mart. ex Meisn. (44) Laurus paniculigera Mart. ex Colla (Remarks) Laurus pauciflora Mart. (46) Laurus paulina Mart. (47) Laurus persea L. (58) Laurus pichurim Mart. (15) Laurus pretiosa Mart. (2) Laurus pubescens Dombey (29) Laurus purpurea Ruiz & Pav. (28) Laurus quixos Lam. (2) Laurus reticulata Ruiz & Pav. (29) Laurus riparia Mart. (12) Laurus sanguinea (Rol.) Sw. (11) Laurus saporosa Mart. (26) [Laurus] sarcocalyx Mart. (24) Laurus villosa Willd. (29) Leptodaphne subalpina Nees (33) Leptodaphne tenuilora Nees (33) Licaria brasiliensis (Nees) Kosterm. (12) Licaria cannella (Meisn.) Kosterm. (13) Licaria cayennensis (Meisn.) Kosterm. (13) Licaria crassifolia (Poir.) P.L.R. Moraes (13) Licaria cymbarum (Kunth) Pittier (37) Licaria polyphylla (Nees) Kosterm. (14) Licaria puchury-major (Mart.) Kosterm. (15) Mespilodaphne aurantiodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Meisn. (44) Mespilodaphne ceanothifolia Nees (32) Mespilodaphne complicata Meisn. (35) Mespilodaphne glauca (Nees) Meisn. var. virescens Meisn. (47) Mespilodaphne indecora (Schott) Meisn. (41) Mespilodaphne indecora (Schott) Meisn. var. stricta Meisn. (41) Mespilodaphne nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) Meisn. (33) Mespilodaphne nutans (Nees) Meisn. (47) Mespilodaphne opifera (Mart.) Meisn. (2, 44) Mespilodaphne phillyreoides (Nees) Meisn. (48) Mespilodaphne phillyreoides Nees (Meisn.) var. oblonga Meisn. (48) Mespilodaphne pretiosa Nees & Mart. (2) Mespilodaphne pretiosa Nees & Mart. var. angustifolia Nees (2) Mespilodaphne pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Meisn. (49) Mespilodaphne pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Meisn. var. elliptica Meisn. (49) Mespilodaphne pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Meisn. var. ferruginea Meisn. (49) Mespilodaphne tristis Meisn. (53) Metrodorea nigra A. St.-Hil. (Remarks) Mezilaurus navalium (Allemão) Taub. ex Mez (10) Misanteca brasiliensis (Nees) Lundell (12) Misanteca cannella (Meisn.) Lundell (13) 193 Misanteca cayennensis (Meisn.) Lundell (13) Misanteca cymbarum (Kunth) Lundell (37) Misanteca polyphylla (Nees) Lundell (14) Misanteca puchury-major (Mart.) Lundell (15) Mutisiopersea rufotomentosa (Nees & Mart.) Kosterm. (59) Nectandra acuminata (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr. (16) Nectandra acutifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (16) Nectandra acutissima Nees ex Meisn. (25) Nectandra amara Meisn. var. chartacea Meisn. (27) Nectandra amara Meisn. var. subevenia Meisn. (27) Nectandra amazonum Nees (17) Nectandra berchemiifolia Meisn. (16) Nectandra berchemiaefolia Meisn. (16) Nectandra canescens Nees & Mart. (18, 27) Nectandra cuspidata Nees & Mart. (19) Nectandra cuspidata Nees & Mart. var. macrocarpa Nees (23) Nectandra cymbarum (Kunth) Nees (2, 37) Nectandra hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer (20, 22) Nectandra japurensis Nees & Mart. (21) Nectandra latifolia (Kunth) Mez (28) Nectandra leucantha Nees & Mart. (10, 22) Nectandra leucantha Nees var. peruviana Meisn. (20) Nectandra lucida Nees (20) Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez (24, 26) Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb. (23) Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb. ssp. cuspidata (Nees & Mart.) Rohwer (19) Nectandra mollis (Kunth) Nees (29) Nectandra mollis (Kunth) Nees ssp. oppositifolia (Nees & Mart.) Rohwer (25) Nectandra neesiana Miq. (46) Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. (24) Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. var. maior Nees (13, 24) Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. var. minor Nees (24) Nectandra nitidula Nees & Mart. var. nitidula (24) Nectandra oppositifolia Nees & Mart. (25) Nectandra oppositifolia Nees & Mart. fo. intermedia Mez (25) Nectandra oppositifolia Nees & Mart. var. angustifolia Nees & Mart. (25) Nectandra oppositifolia Nees & Mart. var. oppositifolia (25) Nectandra polita Nees & Mart. (28) Nectandra polyphylla Nees (14) Nectandra psammophila Nees & Mart. (26) Nectandra puberula (Schott) Nees (27) Nectandra puchury-major (Mart.) Nees & Mart. (2, 15) Nectandra puchury-minor (Mart.) Nees (2, 6) Nectandra purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (28) Nectandra reticulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (29) Nectandra rigida (Kunth) Nees var. canescens Mez (18) Nectandra rodgiaei Schomb. (10) Nectandra rodioei R.H. Schomb. (10) Nectandra sarcocalyx Nees (24, Remarks) Nectandra schomburgkii Meisn. (20) Nectandra schottii Meisn. (25) 194 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy Nectandra villosa Nees & Mart. var. venosa Nees (29) Nectandra virgultosa Nees (56) Nectandra xanthocalyx Nees & Mart. (57) Ocotea acutifolia (Nees) Mez (Remarks) Ocotea amara Mart. (37) Ocotea aurantiodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (44) Ocotea bracteolata (Nees) Mez (30) Ocotea camphoromoea Rohwer (31) Ocotea caryophyllacea (Mart.) Kostel. (11) Ocotea ceanothifolia (Nees) Mez (32) Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez (33) Ocotea citrosmoides (Nees) Mez (34) Ocotea complicata (Meisn.) Mez (35) Ocotea cujumary Mart. (36) Ocotea cymbarum Kunth (37) Ocotea daphnoides Mart. (42) Ocotea declinata (Meisn.) Mez (38) Ocotea delexa Rohwer (38) Ocotea desertorum Mart. (4) Ocotea fallax Miq. ex Mez (46) Ocotea fasciculata (Nees) Mez (35) Ocotea firmula Mart. (35) Ocotea glauca (Nees) Mez var. virescens (Meisn.) Mez (47) Ocotea guianensis Aubl. (39) Ocotea hypoglauca (Nees & Mart.) Mez (40) Ocotea indecora (Schott) Mez (41) Ocotea lanceolata (Nees) Nees (42) Ocotea lancifolia (Schott) Mez (42, 54) Ocotea latifolia Kunth (28) Ocotea laxa (Nees) Mez (43, 52) Ocotea leptobotra (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (33) Ocotea longifolia Kunth (44) Ocotea lucida Mart. (20) Ocotea membranacea (Sw.) R.A. Howard (23) Ocotea minarum (Nees & Mart.) Mez (45) Ocotea mollis Kunth (29) Ocotea neesiana (Miq.) Kosterm. (46) Ocotea nutans (Nees) Mez (47) Ocotea obtusifolia Mart. (4) Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer (2, 42) Ocotea opifera Mart. (44) Ocotea petalanthera (Meisn.) Mez (30) Ocotea phillyreoides (Nees) Mez (48) Ocotea pretiosa (Nees & Mart.) Benth. (2) Ocotea pretiosa Mez (2, 42) Ocotea pretiosa Mez var. indecora (Schott) Vattimo-Gil (41) Ocotea puchury-major Mart. (15) Ocotea puchury-minor Mart. (6) Ocotea pulchella (Nees & Mart.) Mez (49) Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm. (2) Ocotea rufotomentosa Mart. (50) Ocotea spixiana (Nees) Mez (50) Ocotea suaveolens (Meisn.) Benth. ex Hieron. (2) Ocotea subacris Mart. (42) Ocotea subalpina (Nees) Mez (33) Ocotea subdecumbens M.A. Lisboa & J. Badini (47) VOL. 20, NO. 2 Ocotea subtriplinervia (Nees) Mez (31) Ocotea tabacifolia (Meisn.) Rohwer (51) Ocotea teleiandra (Meisn.) Mez (52) Ocotea tenuilora (Nees) Mez (33, 46) Ocotea tristis (Nees & Mart.) Mez (48, 53) Ocotea tubigera Mart. (45) Ocotea umbrosa Kunth (51) Ocotea umbrosa (Nees) Mart. ex Mez (51) Ocotea variabilis Mart. ex Nees (54) Ocotea variabilis (Nees) Mez (54) Ocotea velutina Mart. (55) Ocotea velutina (Nees) Rohwer (55) Ocotea venulosa (Nees) Baitello (52) Ocotea virgultosa (Nees) Mez (56) Ocotea xanthocalyx (Nees & Mart.) Mez (57) Oreodaphne bracteolata Meisn. (30) Oreodaphne cernua Nees (33) Oreodaphne citrosmoides Nees (34) Oreodaphne declinata Meisn. (38) Oreodaphne dispersa Nees & Mart. (46) Oreodaphne fallax Miq. (46) Oreodaphne glauca Nees (52) Oreodaphne guianensis (Aubl.) Nees (39) Oreodaphne guianensis (Aubl.) Nees var. argentea Meisn. (39) Oreodaphne guianensis (Aubl.) Nees var. guianensis (39) Oreodaphne indecora (Schott ) Nees (41) Oreodaphne japurensis Meisn. (46) Oreodaphne kunthiana Meisn. (47) Oreodaphne lancifolia (Schott) Nees (42) Oreodaphne leptobotra (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees (33) Oreodaphne longifolia (Kunth) Nees (44) Oreodaphne martiana Nees (42) Oreodaphne martiana Nees var. thymelaeoides Meisn. (42) Oreodaphne minarum Steud. (51) Oreodaphne nitidula Nees & Mart. (42) Oreodaphne nitidula Nees & Mart. var. lanceolata Meisn. (42) Oreodaphne nutans Nees (47) Oreodaphne nutans Nees var. sylvestris Nees (47) Oreodaphne opifera (Mart.) Nees (44) Oreodaphne phillyreoides Nees (48) Oreodaphne pulchella Nees & Mart. (49) Oreodaphne spixiana Nees (50) Oreodaphne suaveolens Meisn. (2) Oreodaphne subalpina (Nees) Meisn. (33) Oreodaphne teleiandra Meisn. (52) Oreodaphne thymelaeoides Nees & Mart. (42) Oreodaphne tristis Nees & Mart. (53) Oreodaphne tristis Nees & Mart. var. oblongifolia Nees & Mart. (53) Oreodaphne tristis Nees & Mart. var. tristis (53) Oreodaphne umbrosa Nees (51) Oreodaphne umbrosa (Kunth) Nees (51) Oreodaphne variabilis Nees (54) Oreodaphne velutina Nees (55) Oreodaphne venulosa (Nees) Meisn. (52) Persea acuminata Nees & Mart. (16) 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS Persea americana Mill. (58) Persea canescens Mart. (18) Persea caryophyllacea Mart. (11) Persea caryophyllata Mart. (11) Persea ceanothifolia Mart. ex Nees (32) Persea erythropus Mart. (8) Persea erythropus Nees & Mart. (8) Persea erythropus Nees & Mart. var. angustata Meisn. (8) Persea erythropus Nees & Mart. var. mixtinervia Meisn. (8) Persea gratissima Gaertn. (58) Persea hypoglauca Mart. (60) Persea hypoglauca Nees & Mart. (40) Persea indecora Schott (41) Persea lancifolia Schott (42) Persea laxa Mart. (43) Persea laxa Mart. ex Nees (43) Persea leucantha Mart. (22) Persea longifolia (Kunth) Spreng. (44) Persea membranacea (Sw.) Spreng. (23) Persea mollis (Kunth) Spreng. (29) 195 Persea paniculigera Mart. (24) Persea puberula Schott (27) Persea rufotomentosa Nees & Mart. (59) Persea sarcocalyx Mart. (24) Persea scrobiculata Meisn. (40) Persea subtriplinervia Mart. ex Nees (31) Persea tabacifolia Meisn. (51) Persea tenuiflora Mart. (33) Persea tenuilora Mart. ex Nees (33) Persea venosa Nees & Mart. (40, 60) Persea venosa Nees & Mart. var. β tersa Nees & Mart. (60) Petalanthera bracteolata Nees (30) Petalanthera paniculigera Nees (24) Phoebe erythropus (Nees & Mart.) Mez (8) Phoebe membranacea (Sw.) Nees (23) Pomatium canescens Mart. (18) Pomatium oppositifolium Nees (25) Silvia navalium Allemão (10) Strychnodaphne lanceolata Nees (42) Teleiandra glauca Nees & Mart. (52) inDex to collectionS Numbers in bold in parentheses refer to the species number in treatment. Ackermann V no. 121 = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 169 (29) Ackermann s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1238 (8) Anonymous s.n. [JE 00000523] (1) Anonymous s.n. [GZU 000265498] (8) Anonymous s.n. [GZU 000249358] (24) Anonymous s.n. [GZU 000259200] (24) Anonymous s.n. [K 000642237] (26) Anonymous s.n. [K 000642238] (26) Anonymous s.n. [MEL 2324399] (42) Anonymous s.n. [B 10 0185383] (44) Aublet s.n. [BM 000947302] (39) Aublet s.n. [P 00756908] (39) Blanchet 301 (47) Blanchet 3192 (38) Blanchet 3192A (38) Blanchet 3250 (47) Blanchet 3250B (47) Claussen 47 (27) Claussen 78 (27) Claussen 106 = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1239 (24) Claussen 107 = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1239 (24) Claussen 108 (8) Claussen 2078 (27) Claussen s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1239 (24) Dombey s.n. [B 10 0185149, G-DC, GZU 000254296, MA 811775, P 00745320, P 00745321, P-JU 00662847] (29) Dombey s.n. [P 00756826, P 00756827] (33) Guillemin 667 (27) Herb. Clifford: 154, Laurus 6, sheet B [BM 000558701] (9) Herb. Sloane Vol. VII: 77 [BM-SL 000594115] (58) Hornemann s.n. [C, GZU 000260297] (33) Hostmann & Kappler 1433 (46) Humboldt & Bonpland 904 (37) Humboldt & Bonpland 1018 (2) Humboldt & Bonpland 1729 (44) Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. [P 00128755] (28) Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. [B 10 0185155, B-W 07796 -01 0 & B-W 07796 -00 0, F (0061634F), GZU 000254324, Ny 00355629, Ny 00355630, P 00128743, P 00128746, U 0002912, US 00028321] (29) Kohaut s.n. = Sieber Flora martin. No. 106 (33) Lisboa & Badini s.n. [OUPR (26600), OUPR (18212)] (47) Lisboa & Badini s.n. [HRCB, OUPR (26600)] (47) Luschnath 32 (38) Luschnath s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 420 (28) Luschnath s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 477 (9) Luschnath s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 478 (Remarks # 1) Luschnath s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1307 (27) Luschnath s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1311 (38) Luschnath s.n. [BR 0000008808042] (28) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 117 (49) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 169 (29) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 237 (1) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 420 (28) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 477 (9) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 478 (Remarks # 1) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1238 (8) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1239 (24) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1307 (27) Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1311 (38) Martius Obs. 261 (33) Martius Obs. 411 (26) Martius Obs. 512 (49) Martius Obs. 546 (24) Martius Obs. 595 (49) Martius Obs. 678 (43) 196 HARVARD PAPERS IN BOTANy Martius Obs. 883 (8) Martius Obs. 903 (40) Martius Obs. 1095 b (10) Martius Obs. 1112 (42) Martius Obs. 1183 (55) Martius Obs. 1188 (51) Martius Obs. 1223 (34) Martius Obs. 1704 (22) Martius Obs. 1770 (57) Martius Obs. 2617 (11) Martius Obs. 2750 (18) Martius Obs. 2796 (44) Martius Obs. 2908 (5) Martius Obs. 3174 (32) Martius “n. 79” (42) Martius s.n. [M 0121069, M 01121070, M 0121071, M 0121072, MEL 2318499] (2) Martius s.n. [G, MEL 2318499] (2) Martius s.n. [BR 0000008685865] (2) Martius s.n. [M 0147109] (3) Martius s.n. [M 0147104, M 0147105, M 0147106, M 0147107, M 0147108] (4) Martius s.n. [M 0147107] (4) Martius s.n. [B†, M 0113213] (6) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254329, M 0112564] (6) Martius s.n. [M 0112563] (6) Martius s.n. [M] (7) Martius s.n. [M] (7) Martius s.n. [M 0147195] (8) Martius s.n. [BR, M 0147232] (9) Martius s.n. [L 0036030, M 0147236] (9) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185010, B 10 0185011, G, GZU 000254389, M 0147268] (11) Martius s.n. [M 0147266] (11) Martius s.n. [M 0147267] (11) Martius s.n. [L 0308064, M 0147427, M 147428, M 0147429, MEL 2324398, S (R-7276)] (12) Martius s.n. [GZU 000256425, M 0147426] (13) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254280, M 0147422] (14). Martius s.n. [B†, BR 0000008812841, G 00368872, GZU 000254328, L 0036458, M 0147419, M 0147420, M 0147421] (15) Martius s.n. [M 0147319] (16) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254251, M 0147314] (17) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185108, G, GZU 000254252, L 0037115, M 0147315, M 0147316, M 0147317, M 0147318, MEL 2324402, U 0002889] (17) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185095] (18) Martius s.n. [B 10 0086138, GZU 000254262, L 0037121, L0037122, L 1802480, M 0147303, M 0147304] (19) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254262, M 0147302, M 0147306] (19) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254261, M 0147305] (19) Martius s.n. [GZU 000249367, M 0121041] (20) Martius s.n. [M 0147294] (20) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185058, B 10 0185059, GZU 000254272, HBG, L 0037128, M 0147292, M 0147293] (21) Martius s.n. [M 0147307] (23) VOL. 20, NO. 2 Martius s.n. [GZU 000249360, M 0111060] (24) Martius s.n. [GZU 000256425, M 0111063] (24) Martius s.n. [GZU 000249359, M 0111061] (24) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254287, M 0111065] (24) Martius s.n. [M 0121027] (25) Martius s.n. [M 0121029] (25) Martius s.n. [GZU 000249322, M 0121030] (25) Martius s.n. [M 0121033] (26) Martius s.n. [BR 0000008810526] (27) Martius s.n. [GZU 000249355, M 0121031] (28) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185271, GZU 000254422, HBG, M 0147154, M 0147155, Ny 00355873] (30) Martius s.n. [GZU 000265483, M 0147153] (30) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185426, M 0147134, M 0147135, M 0147136, M 0147137, M 0147138, M 0147139] (31). Martius s.n. [GZU 000254159, M 0147140] (33) Martius s.n. [M 0111195, M 0111196] (35) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185244, M 0121076, M 0121077, Ny 00355591] (36) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185242, L 0036963, M 0147301] (37) Martius s.n. [M 0147117] (39) Martius s.n. [M 0147112] (41) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185347, GZU 000254355] (42) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254358, M 0111039] (42) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254370, M 0111037] (42) Martius s.n. [M 0111036] (43) Martius s.n. [M 0121058] (44) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185382, M 0121059, M 0121061] (44) Martius s.n. [GZU 000253871, M 0111041] (45) Martius s.n. [GZU 000253871, M 0111044] (45) Martius s.n. [GZU 000253871, M 0111045] (45) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254347, L, M 0111069, M 0111070, MEL 2318483, Ny 00355728] (46) Martius s.n. [L, M 0111192, MEL] (47) Martius s.n. [M 0111191] (47) Martius s.n. [M 0111178] (48) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254368, M 0111181, M 0111182, M 0111183, M 0111184, Ny 00355782] (50) Martius s.n. [GZU 000253888, M 0147133] (52) Martius s.n. [M 0111177] (53) Martius s.n. [B 10 0185417, GZU 000254373, L, M 0121081, M 0121082, MEL 2324404] (54) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254374, GZU 000254375, M 0121084] (55) Martius s.n. [M 0121086] (55) Martius s.n. [GZU 000249348, M 0121088] (56) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254384, M] (58) Martius s.n. [GZU 000254417, M 0147211, M 0147212, M 0147213] (59) Martius s.n. [M 0147206] (60) Osbeck s.n. [LINN 519.1] (7) Osbeck s.n. [S (05-4065)] (7) Patris 41 (13) Poeppig 2426 (30) Poeppig 2769 (5) Pohl 3604 (51) Richard s.n. [P 00128463, P 00128464, P 00128465, P-JU 00662838] (13) 2015 DE MORAES AND FALCADE, LAURACEAE COLLECTED By MARTIUS Riedel 307 (28) Riedel 374 (7) Riedel 480 (27) Riedel 688 (1) Riedel 766 (35) Riedel 776 (35) Riedel 2777 (8) Riedel s.n. [B†, G 00020674, GOET [2 sheets], K 000601965, L 0035527, LE [3 sheets], Ny 00354799] (1) Riedel s.n. [B†, GOET 007344, GOET 007345, K 000601800, L 0036185, L 0036186, LE [2 sheets], Ny 00355045, OXF 00057026, OXF 00057027, U, US 00051077] (10) Riedel & Luschnath s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 478 (Remarks # 1) Ruíz & Pavón s.n. [B 10 0185160, BM 000947299, F (0040316F), G 00369268, MA 811806, OXF 00000255] (28) Ruíz & Pavón s.n. [F (0040293F), MA 811776, MA 811778, MA 811780] (29) Ruíz & Pavón s.n. [A 00041960, B 10 0185150, BC 872724, BM 000947252, BR 0000008808370, F (0040319F), F (0040320F), FI-W, G 00020755, G 00020756, G 00020758, G (14 sheets), GZU 000261284, HAL 0010378, MA 811777, MA 811779, MA 811781, P 00571439, P 00571440, P 00571441] (29) Ruíz & Pavón s.n. [B 10 0247502, BM 000947285, F (0061414F), F (0061419F), G [2 sheets], G, HAL 0103800, MA 811787, MA 811788, Ny 00355164, P 00756828] (33) Ruíz & Pavón s.n. [B 10 0247503, F (0061415F), F (0061416F), G, GZU 000254142, MA 811790, MA 811791, Ny 00355162] (33) Ruíz & Pavón s.n. [B 10 0247398, F (0061413F), G, MA [2 sheets], MA 811782] (44) Sagot 1190 (13) Schott 5600 (41) Schott 5607 (25) Schott 5609 (27) Schott 5610 (41) Schott s.n. [B 10 0185167, GZU 000254414, P 00711066, P 00711067] (27) Schott s.n. [B 10 0000017] (41) Schott s.n. [B 10 0000020] (42) Sellow XXIV (60) Sellow LVI (25) Sellow 28 (24) Sellow 144 (49) Sellow 399 (52) Sellow 459 (49) Sellow 1360 (8) Sellow 1368* (24) Sellow 4428 (25) 197 Sellow 4495 (24) Sellow 4803 (XXI) (40) Sellow 5636 (45) Sellow 5722 (25) Sellow 5867 (55) Sellow 5928 (55) Sellow B 1362 c 393 (48) Sellow B 1378 c 413 (49) Sellow B 1384 c 419 (55) Sellow B 1387 c 422 (60) Sellow d 2324 (49) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185048] (22) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185227] (24) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185226, BR 0000008808479, CGE, E 00259309] (24) Sellow s.n. [GZU 000249356, HAL 0010385] (25) Sellow s.n. [GZU 000249357] (25) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185172] (25) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185175] (25) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185313] (40) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185314] (40) Sellow s.n. [B†, GZU 000249333, VT 001552] (42) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0000024] (43) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0000025] (43) Sellow s.n. [HAL 0010445] (43) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185388, G 00021062, P 01958844] (47) Sellow s.n. [G-DC 00201230, HAL 0103830] (48) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185370] (48) Sellow s.n. [TUB 019041] (49) Sellow s.n. [BR 0000008767165, F (0061819F), G, GZU 000249332] (52) Sellow s.n. [HAL 0103829] (52) Sellow s.n. [B 10 0185414] (55) Sellow s.n. [CGE] (55) Sellow s.n. [E 00259499] (55) Sellow s.n. [HAL 0010486] (55) Sellow s.n. [LE 00006785] (55) Sellow s.n. [M 0111066] (Remarks # 3) Sieber Flora martin. Nº 106 (33) Sieber Flora mixta. Nº 385 (33) Silva Manso 278 = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 117 (49) Silva Manso s.n. = Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 1307 (27) Spruce 3058 (14) Swartz s.n. [BM 000758874, S (R-3166), S (09-16300)] (23) Swartz s.n. [SBT 11582] (23) Tafalla s.n. [B 10 0185060, F [0040309F], FI-W 005165, G 00369022, MA 811751, MA 811752] (20) Tweedie s.n. [E 00259433] (24) Wied s.n. [B 10 0185169, BR 0000008808066, BR 0000008808363, GOET 000753, GZU 000254281, MEL 2324403, MEL 2324386] (26)

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