Egypt. Jour. Paleontol., Vol.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
4, 2004, p. 199-230 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM
RECENT BRYOZOANS FROM SOUTHERN SAFAGA BAY, RED
SEA COAST, EGYPT
1),
Abdel Baset. S. EL-SOROGy(1),Mohamed ABDELWAHAB(2), Abdel Mohsen ZIKO(zyxwvutsrqp
Nabila EI-DERA(1), Nader SABER(1)and Nisreen ABU ELKHAIR(1)
1) Geology Department, Faculty of SCience,Zagazig University, Egypt.
2) National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red Sea branch, Egypt.
ABSTRACT
Twenty-eight bryozoan species have been identified for the first time from the Recent coral
reefs and sediments of the southern Safaga bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt. Among the identified
taxa, twenty-six species belong to the order Cheilostomata and the rest to the order
cyclostomata.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Schizosmittna safagaensis, Smittina avicularis, S. regularis and Celleporina
abbassi are believed to be new. Sixteen bryozoans are encrusting and have membraniporiform
and celleporiform zoarial qrowth-torms, and twelve are erect and are vinculariiform, cellariiform
and catenicellifom. Nearly all identified bryozoans are of Indo-Pacific affinity, and very rare
elements are also recorded from the Atlantic-Mediterranean realm.
INTRODUCTION
The main target of the present work is to study the taxonomy of Recent
bryozoan fauna of southern Safaga bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt (Fig. 1), as well as,
their ecological and biogeographical implications.
The studied area lies in the southern flank of Wadi Safaga. The shoreline of the
studied area is dominantly made up of terrigenous, arenaceous sand mixed with
rubbish materials. The Safaga area is occupied by relatively low hills of
sedimentary rocks surrounded by a mountainous area of igneous and metamorphic
rocks. The low sedimentary hills form a strip twelve kilometers in length extending
from north to south. This strip is formed of a number of hills separated by different
wadis as Wadi Wasif and Wadi Gasus.
Most erect bryozoans were picked up from the samples were collected along
three profiles perpendicular to the Southern Safaga bay by free diving (Fig. 1).
Depth of samples along each profile ranges from beach sediments (0 m) to 37 m
depth (Tab. 1). Most of the encrusting bryozoans were collected from the surfaces
of the igneous cobbles and boulders of rhyolite, basalt and porphyritic dacite. Also
some bryozoans were collected from cement pipes, corals and other biogenic
fragments in situ (Figs. 2, 3) or drifted in the supratidal zone.
The studied bryozoan fauna is deposited in the Geological Museum, Zagazig
University, El-Soroqys collection, Zagazig, Egypt.
Table 1: Depths of the studied samples.
10 11 12 13 14 15
9 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZ
7
4
8
2
3
5
6
Sample no. 1
1 3.5 7 16
2 5.3 10 23 30 30 31.5 34 0
1
Depth/m
0
Sample no. 16
Depth/m 22
17
27
18
30
19
34
20
35
21
0
22 23 24
1 6.5 14
25
30
26
29
27
36
28
32
29
37
30
32
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION
The present taxonomy is based on the classification of Bassler (1953)and other
later modifications. Micrometric measurements, occurrence, habit and information
2 0 0 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
EL-Sorogy et al.
on geologic distribution (if available) are given for each identified species. Full
description is given only for taxa not recorded in Egyptian published literature. The
following abbreviations are used in the measurements of the taxa: Lz=zooecial
length, Iz=zooecial width, hoelenqth of orifice, loewidth of orifice, Lovelenqth of
ovicell, lovewidth of ovicell, Laveavicularlan length, and laveavlcularian width.
Phylum: Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831
Order: Cyclostomata Busk, 1852
Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
Crisia Lamouroux, 1812
Crisia hdrnesii Reuss, 1847
(PI. 1, Figs. 1, 2, 3)
1848 Crisia homesii Reuss: 54, pI. 7, fig. 21.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM
26.75
?~
I
24]~t~
Safaga
8· 1~
II
po.
11 3
15 17 19'\
............
.,.......... \
2,
214
16 18 20 \
23 25 27 29 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYX
III
............
0 ............
2
24 26'l? 28
30
%~
e
a:l
~
i
=
26.70
'f
~
0
2km
L ===~
33.90
Fig. 1: Location map of the studied profiles.
34.00
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
201
Fig. 2: Sampling process from coral heads of different types on muddy floor.
Fig. 3: Wastes of solid nature on the floor of Safagabay provide a hard substrate for many
encrusters such as corals, algae and bryozonas.
202
EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvutsr
1920 Crisia homesi Reuss: Canu & Bassler: 704, pI. 141, figs. 1-4.
1929 Crisia homesi Reuss: Canu & Bassler: 528, pI. 78, figs. 10-13.
2000 CrisiazyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
h om esi Reuss: Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1465, p1.1,
fig.1.
2001Crisia tiomesi Reuss: EI-Sorogy, Abd EI-Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 55, pl.1, fig.1.
2002 Crisia homes! Reuss: EI Safori: 426, pI. 2, fig. 3.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWV
Measurements: Zoarial width: 0.24 mm
Zoariallength: 1.04 mm.
Distance between orifices 0.21-0.25 mm.
Occurence: In friable samples no. 4, 5, 18 and 25 (5.3-30 m depth). Southern
Safaga Bay.
Distribution: In Egypt: Middle Miocene, north Western Desert and the western
side of the Gulf of Suez. Eocene of France, Italy, and North America. Oligocene of
Germany, France, Italy and USA. Miocene of CSSR, Greece, Italy, Poland,
Romania, Hungary and Portugal. Pliocene-Pleistoceneof Italy. Quaternary of Italy
(Vavra, 1977 & EI-Sorogy et al. 2001).
Habitat: Red Sea, Philippine region at depths from 57- 162 fathoms (100-300 m),
temperature: 11.2° C (Canu & Bassler, 1929; Ziko et al. 2000 and EI-Sorogy et al.
2001).
Range: Eocene- Recent.
Family: Oncousoeciidae Canu, 1918
Genus: Filisparsa d'Orbigny, 1853
Filisparsa rugosa Canu & Bassler, 1929
(PI. 1 , Figs. 4, 5)
1929 Filisparsa rugosa Canu & Bassler: Canu & Bassler: 519, pI. 76, figs. 7-9.
Description:
Zoarium erect, free, narrow, dichotomously branched, base
expanded. Zooecial tubes visible, distinct, arranged only on the frontal, wrinkled
transerverly. Orifice orbicular; peristomes close together. Peristome thin, peristomie
very salient and erect. Posterior face covered with large transverse wrinkles.
Measurements: Lz=0.35-0.45 mm
Iz=0.18-0.22 mm
ho= 0.09-0.18 mm
10=0.11-0.16mm
width of the zoarium = 0.70 mm.
Occurrence: In friable sample no. 17 (27 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay.
Habitat: Pacific, Philippine Region, depth 57 fathoms (Canu & Bassler, 1929).
Order: Cheilostomata Busk, 1852
Suborder: Anasca Levinsen, 1909
Family: Membraniporidae Busk, 1854
Genus: Membranipora Blainville. 1883
Membranipora savartii (Savigny-Audouin, 1826)
(PI.1, Fig. 6)
1826 Flustra savartii (Savingy-Audouin): 240, pI. 10, fig. 10.
1907 Membranipora savartii (Audouin): Canu: 252, pI. 2, figs. 5, 6.
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
1929 Membrendoecium
203zyxwvutsrq
savarti Mackgillivray: Canu & Bassler: 74, pI. 6, figs. 1, 2.
1972 Biflustra savartii (Audouin): David, Mongereau & Pouyet: 10, pI. 8, fig. 8.
1976 Membranipora
savartii
(Savingy-Audouin): Abbas & EI-Senoussi: 157, pI. 1,
fig. 4.
savartii (Savigny- Audouin): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda &
Saber: 1474, p1.2,fig.6.
(For more synonomy see Ziko et al., 2000)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO
Iz= 0.10 0.22 mm.
Measurments: Lz= 0.22 0.40 mm.
10=0.20-0.27 mm.
ho= 0.40-0.47 mm.
Occurrence: In friable sample no. 17 (27 m depth) and encrusting on dead shells,
rocks and pipes. Southern Safaga Bay.
DistribuUon: In Egypt: Middle Eocene, late Eocene, Miocene, Post Pliocene,
Pleistocene. Eocene of France, Belgium, North America, Oligocene of Germany.
Miocene of Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, France, Australia, Italy, England, Spain,
Portugal and central America. Pliocene of Tunisia, Morocco, Spain, Portugal,
England, Italy, Argentina, Venzuela, Australia, Japan. Pleistocene of Algeria, Italy,
Argentina, USA and China. Miocene of Australia (Canu & Bassler, 1929).
Habitat: Equatorial and Tropical zones of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean and
the Red Sea near shore in depths ranging between10-15 m.
2000 Membranipora
Range: Eocene-Recent.
nobilis Reuss, 1847
(PI. 1, Figs. 7, 8)
1848 Membranipora nobilis Reuss: 98, pI. 11, fig. 26.
1874 Membranipora elliptica Hag: Reuss, 179, table 9, fig. 1, 2.
1974 Membranipora nobilis Reuss: David & Pouyet: 98, pI. 2, fig. 6.
Membranipora
nobilis Reuss: Vavra: pI. 1, fig. 1.
Zoarium encrusting. Zooecia radiating from the ancestrula region.
Zooecia elliptical, elongate, separated from each other by deep furrows. Zooecia
arranged in longitudinal rows. Opesia occupying most of the zooecium area,
gymnocyst reduced. Zooecium wall ornmented by rims. Ovicell hyperstomial, small,
rounded. Ancestrula differs from the rest of the zooecia in that the opesia is
reduced, semicircular, gymnocyst occupying most of the zooecium area.
1979 Membranipora
Description:
Measurements: Lz= 0.66-0.75 mm.
lop=0.33-0.50 mm.
Iz=0.42-0.50 mm.
lop=0.21-0.33 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells.
Distribution:
Miocene of Austria, Portugal, CSSR, Irland (V vra, 1977).
Range: Miocene-Recent.
Family: Farciminariidae Busk, 1884
Genus: Nellia Busk, 1852
Nellia ten ella (Lamarck, 1816)
(PI. 1, Fig. 9)
204
EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvutsrq
1816 Gel/aria tenel/a Lamarck: 135.
1907 Facimia tenel/a (Lamarck): Canu: 76, pI. 1, figs. 26, 27.
& Bassler: 195, pI. 82, fig. 6-10.
1920 Nel/ia oculata Busk: CanuzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
1966 Nel/ia tenel/a (Lamarck): Cheetham: 48, text. fig. 28.
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
205zyxwvutsrqp
1974 Nellia oculata (Busk): Debourle: 154, pI. 16, fig. 11.
1995 Nellia oculata (Busk): Ziko & EI-Sorogy: 84, figs. 4, 5.
2000 Nellia tenel/a (Lamarck): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1478, pI. 3,
fig. 3.
(For more extensive synonomy see EI-Sorogy et al. 2001)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXW
Measurements: LZ=1.04 mm.
Iz= 0.56 mm.
ho= 0.60 mm.
10=0.16 mm.
Occurrence: In friable sample no. 17 (27 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay.
Distribution: In Egypt: Late Eocene, Middle Miocene. Eocene & Oligocene of
Europe, Africa & America. Miocene of Africa, Asia, Europe & America. PliocenePleistocene of Asia & America (Ziko et al., 2000).
Habitat: Cosmopolitan in tropical regions, from depth ranging between 17-450 m,
but much frequent from 20-28 ( Ziko et al., 2000).
Range: Eocene- Recent.
Family: Scrupocellariidae Levinsen, 1909
Genus: Scrupocel/aria Van Beneden, 1845
Scrupocel/aria el/iptica (Reuss, 1848)
(PI. 2, Fig. 1)
1848 Bactridium elliptticum Reuss: 56, pl, 9, figs. 7, 8.
1920 Scrupocel/aria elliptica (Reuss): Canu & Bassler: 184, pI. 32, figs. 4-7.
1974 Scrupocellaria el/iptica (Reuss): David & Pouyet: 130, pI. 2, fig. 3.
1992 Scrupocel/aria el/iptica (Reuss): Pouyet & Moissette: 47, pI. 6, figs, 1,2.
2000
Scrupocellaria el/iptica (Reuss): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber:
1479, p1.3, fig.9
2002 Scrupocel/aria el/iptica (Reuss): EI Safori: 441, pI. 5, fig. 8.
(For more extensive synonomy see Ziko et al., 2000)
Measurements:
Lz=0.26-0.35 mm
ho=0.14-0.17 mm.
Iz= 0.15-0.17 mm.
10=0.08-0.10 mm.
Occurrence: In friable samples no. 17, 18 (27-30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay.
Explanation of Plate 1
Fig.
1, 2, 3: Crisia hrnesi Reuss, 1847
1. General view of erect zoarium showing alternating zooecia.
2. General view of another zoarium showing granulated frontal.
3. General view of another zoarium.
4,5: Filisparsa rugosa Canu & Bassler, 1929
4. General view of zoarium.
5. General view of zoarium showing tubes wrinkled transversely.
6: Membranipora savartii (Savigny-Audouin, 1826).General view of erect zoarium showing large
opesia.
7,8: Membranipora nobilis Reuss, 1847
7. General view of encrusting zoarium showing ancestrular region.
8. Enlarged view of zoarium.
9: Nellia tenella (Lamarck, 1816). General view of erect zoarium showing very large zooecium.
(Bar scale = 5001-1)
EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvu
206
Distribution:
In Egypt: Middle Miocene of Cairo-Suez, western
Suez, Mersa Matruh; Pleistocene of the Red Sea coast. Eocene
Italy and USA. Oligocene of France and Italy. Miocene of France,
and Algeria. Pliocene of Portugal, Spain, England, Italy,
Pleistocene of Italy and USA (V vra, 1977).
side of the Gulf of
of Spain, France,
Austria, Romania
Rhodos, Tunisia.
Habitat: West Atlantic on the coast of Brazil and Canda, East Atlantic at Cap Verde
Islands, Mediterranean, Pacific and Arctic (Saber, 2000).
Range: Eocene-Recent.
Family: Cabereidae Busk, 1852
Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
Tricellaria Fleming, 1828
Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk, 1852)
(PI. 2, Fig. 2)
1852 Cellularia monotrypa Busk: 368
1943 Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk): Hastings: 356
1958 Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk): Macken: 104.
1986 Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk): Gordon: 61, pI. 20/ C, D.
Description: Zoaria erect, compressed branches, biserial except at internodes the
zoo ids become three zooids. Oval or subrounded opesia. Ovicell reduced as a
narrow cap like structure with acresentic
proximal rim. Cryptocyst smooth,
depressed, slightly long, but short and small at the branches covered by ovicell of
the proximal zooecia, smooth gymnocyst, frontal avicularia absent in this species.
Ovicell surrounded by a smooth cryptocyst. Two spines are at the outer and the
inner margins (distolateral to mural rim) of the zooid and a third spine at the mid
distal rim of the axial zooid. There are no dorsal avicularia or vibracula.
Measurments: Lz= 0.19-0.38 mm.
Iz= 0.10-0.19 mm.
ho= 0.15-0.16 mm.
10=0.09-0.10 mm.
Occurrence: In friable samples. No 17, 18 (27-30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay
Habitat: New Zealand,
Depth 20-251 m.
rocky subtrate with encrusting
corals and brachiopods.
Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask, 1857)
(PI. 2, Figs. 3, 4)
1857 Menipea occidentalis Trask: 113.
1950 Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask): Osburn: 122, pI. 13, figs. 6, 7.
1986 Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask): Gordon: 61, pI. 201 E.
1992 Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask): Gordon & Mawatari: 25, pI. 21f; pI. 6/ f.
Description: zoarium erect, dichotomously
branching, usually jointed at the
bifurcations. Branches typically biserial in articulated segment of 7 or 9 zooids.
Zooecia alternating or a branch begins with a single zooid; each branch jointed at
its base, internodes typically consisting of 3 zooids or more, zooecia usually
narrowed below the opesia, There are no dorsal vibracula, no frontal avicularia.
Lateral avcularia present. The opesia elongate, oval, generally about two third of
the zooecial length, with well developed smooth gymnocyst. Spines usually
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
207
present. From the inner margin of the proximal half of the opesia a scutal spine
present, variously awl-like, bifid, trifid, or in ovicelled zooid a large lobate structure,
it usually protect the opesia area. Typically three outer distolateral spines present, a
median distal spine and a pair of inner distolateral spines on most non ovicelled
zooids. Ovicell hyperstomial, globular, smooth with a dozen scattered pores.zyxwvutsrqponmlk
Measurements: Lz= 0.28-0.44 mm.
Iz= 0.12-0.20 mm.
Lo= 0.14-0.22 mm.
10=0.08-0.12 mm.
hov= 0.10-0.12 mm.
lov=0.10-0.14 mm.
Occurrence: In friable samples no. 17, 18 (27-30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay.
Habitat: New Zealand, British Colombia, U.S.A., Japan, China, South Australia,
&
Victoria, New South Wales, Venice (Osburn, 1950; Gordon, 1986; Gordonzyxwvutsrqponm
Mawatari, 1992).
Remark: This spiecemen differs from that of (Gordon, 1986) that it has one or two
avicularia on its ovicell (terminal, small, with short rostrum, triangle or elongate).
Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
Canda Lamouroux, 1816
Canda arachnoids Lamouroux, 1816
(PI. 2, Fig. 5)
1816 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: 131.
1943 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: Hastings: 364.
1972 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: Uttley & Bullivant: 30.
1986 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: Gordon: 63, pI. 22, F; 23, A.
2001 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: EI-Sorogy,Abd EI-Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 62,
pI. 3, figs. 3, 4.
Lz= 0.31-0.34 mm.
Iz=0.16-0.20 mm.
10=0.09-0.10mm.
ho=0.13-0.14 mm.
Occurrence: In friable sample no. 17 (27m depth). Southern Safaga Bay.
Habitat: New Zealand, Australia, Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea, Egypt).
Measurements:
Canda pecten scutata Harmer, 1926
(PI. 2, Fig. 7)
1926 Canda pecten scutata Harmer: 389.
1984 Canda pecten scutata Gordon: 50, pI. 13/ D, E.
Description: zoarium erect, originally biserial, but easily split into two parts along
mid-long axis. Therefore they appear as uniserial zoarium. Zooecia facing obliquely
outward. Zooecia elongate, hexagonal to rectangular. Zooecium wide proximally
and narrow distally. Frontal smooth, narrow. Opesia large, elliptical, occupying
more than half of the zooecial length. Mural rim thin, a little salient. Opesia
surrounded by three spines, two at the two sides of the opesia and one at the inner
median side. Avicularia occurring in the distolateral part of the zooecia. Ovicell not
preserved.
Measurements: Lz= 0.3-0.33 mm.
Iz= 0.17-0.19 mm.
ho= 0.16-0.18 mm.
10=0.08-0.10 mm.
208
EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvu
Occurrence: In friable sample no. 18 (30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay.
Family: Epistomiidae Greqory, 1903
Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
Synnotum Pieper, 1881
Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouln, 1826)
(PI. 2, fig. 6)
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
209zyxwvutsrqp
1826 Loricaria aegyptiaca Audouin: 243.
1926 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin): Harmer: 398, pI. 27, figs. 3-4.
1953 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin): Bassler: 184, fig. 140, 2.
1984 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin): Gordon: 43, pI. 10, fig. E, F.
1988 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin): Zabala & Maluquer: 100, fig. 171.
1991 Synnotum aegyptiacum Audouin: Scholz: 283, pI. 5, fig. 1.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba
Colony erect, branching, articulated, supported by rootlets, arranged
in single pairs constitute internode, with uncalcified [oints. Each zooid of a pair
facing laterally with a membrane covering the whole frontal area. Walls smooth,
avicularia one adjacent to the orifice and the other sessile in the same basal
position (not seen because of the bad preservation of the sample).
Measurements: Lz= 0.50 mm.
Iz= 0.20 mm.
ho= 0.16 mm.
Occurrence: In friable sample no. 21 (beach sediments). southern Safaga Bay.
Habitat: Three Kings Island, Victoria, New South Wales, Indonesia, Timor,
Singapore, Japan, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Brazil, USA. Depth
95-210 m (Gordon, 1984).
Description:
Family: Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909
Genus: Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909
Hippopodina feegensis (Busk, 1884)
(PI. 3, Figs. 1, 2, 3)
1884 Lepralia feegensis Busk: 144, pI. 20, fig. 9.
1909 Hippopodina feegensis Busk: Levinsen: 353, pI. 24, fig. 3/ a-f.
1923 Hippopodina feegensis (Busk): Canu & Bassler: 163, fig. 29A.
& Bassler: 276, pI. 28, fig. 7.
1929 Cosciniopsis feegensis (Macgillivray): CanuzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO
1953 Hippopodina feegensis (Busk): Bassler: 196, fig. 147/2.
1991 Hippopodina feegensis (Busk): Scholz: 305, pI. 13, fig. 3.
Description: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, inflated, large (very wide), diameter
may up to more than 20 mm. zooecia arranged in longitudinal parallel rows.
Zooecia with thin wall, distinct, separated from each other by furrows, more or less
rectangular and elongated. Frontal wall weakly arched or a little convex, with small
round tremopores or ornamented by granulation. Aperture large, elliptical, with two
Explanation of Plate 2
Fig.
1: Scrupocellaria elliptica (Reuss, 1848).General view of erect, free zoarium.
2: Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk, 1852). General view of erect zoarium showing three zooids at
internodes.
3, 4: Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask, 1857).
3. Frontal view of erect zoarium.
4. Enlarged view of zoarium showing bifid spine.
5: Canda arachenoides lmouroux, 1816. General view of erect zoarium.
6: Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin, 1826).General view of erect zoarium.
7: Canda pecten scutata Harmer, 1926. General view of erect zoarium.
(Bar scale = 2501-1)
EL-Sorogy et al.
210 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
triangular cardless, covered, which provided the chitinious marginal ridge; separate
a large anter from the small poster. Peristome thin and little salient. Avicularia
present, it may be one or two on both sides of the aperture, it occurs distally to the
aperture, triangular, vary in length, the longest with mandible. Beak usually pointed
toward the median axis of the zooecia. Ovicell hyperstomial, highly inflated, large,
PI. 3
5
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
211
closed with porous operculum like the frontal.
Measurements:
Occurrence:
Lz= 0.94-1.13 mm.
Iz= 0.56-0.94 mm.
10=0.25-0.38 mm.
ho= 0.25-0.31 mm.
hov=0.75 mm.
lov=0.813 mm.
Encrusting on dead shells and pipes.
Habitat: St. Thomas, Singapore (Levinsen, 1909); Philippine Region, Nichol Bay,
Northwestern Australia (Canu & Bassler, 1929); New Zealand, S. Pacific (Bassler,
1953).
Range: Eocene-Recent (Bassler, 1953).
Family: Schizoporellidae Jullien, 1903
Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED
Schizoporella Hincks, 1877
Schizoporella violacea Canu & Bassler, 1930
(PI. 3, Figs. 4, 5)
1930 Shizoporella violacea Canu & Bassler: 40, pI. 4, figs. 1-14.
Description: Zoarium encrusting, multilamellar, wide. Zooecium convex, distinct,
semi rectangular, separated from each other by deep threads represented as fine
areolar pores, surrounding each zooecium. Frontal wall perforated by true coarse
tremopores, of more than 12 pairs. Aperture semicircular, with large sinus and two
large rounded cardless. Large avicularia present at one side of the zooecium.
Avicularia have different shapes of mandibles, may be straight, little curved, long,
short and triangular with closed channel. Opesia of avicularia small, semicircular
with pivot.
Iz=0.48-0.60 mm.
Measurements: Lz= 0.60-0.84 mm.
10=0.16-0.20 mm.
ho= 0.16-0.20 mm.
lav= 0.28 mm
Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells. Southern Safaga Bay.
Habitat: Recent, Tunisia. Depth (4-30 m).
Family: Microporellidae Hincks, 1880
Genus: Microporella Hincks, 1877
Microporella ciliata ( Pallas, 1966)
(PI. 3, Fig. 6)
1766 Eschara ciliata Pallas: 38.
1953 Microporella (Microporella) ciliata (Pallas): Bassler: 207, fig. 155/9.
Explanation of Plate 3
Fig.
1, 2, 3: Hippopodina feegensis (Busk, 1884)
1. General view of encrusting zoarium.
2. General view of zoarium showing very large hyperstomial ovicell.
3. Enlarged view of zoarium showing single avicularium.
4,5: Schizoporella violaeca Canu & Bassler, 1930
4. General view of encrusting zoarium.
5. Enlarged view of zoarium showing large avicularia.
6: Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. General view of encrusting zoarium.
(Bar scale = 500J,J)
EL-Sorogy et al,zyxwvuts
212
1979 Microporeela ciliata (Pallas): Hayward & Ryland: 222, fig. 95zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba
1988 Microporeela ciliata (Pallas): Moissette: 150, pI. 24. figs. 7-9.
1996 Microporelfa (Microporelfa) ciliata (Pallas): Ziko: 136, figs. 4-6.
2002 Microporelfa (Microporelfa) ciliata: EI-Safori: 446.
(For more synonomy see Ziko 1996)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONML
Iz= 0.24-0.30 mm
Measurements: Lz= 0.25-0.44 mm
la= 0.08-0.10 mm
La= 0.04-0.06 mm
lov=0.16-0.2 mm.
hov= 0.14-0.16 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells. Southern Safaga bay.
Distribution: In Egypt Miocene of the western side of the Gulf of Suez. Pleistocene
of the Red Sea coast. Miocene of Austria, CSSR, Germany, Portugal, Italy,
Morocco, New Zealand, USA, Algeria. Pliocene of England, Netherlands, Spain,
Italy, Rhodes, Tunisia, Algeria, New Zealand. Pleistocene of Italy, USA (Ziko,
1996).
Habitat: Recent, cosmopolitan (80zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ
0
N-700 S), depth range 0-660 m in the
Mediterranean, optimum depth more than 100 m and low rate of sedimentation
(Ziko & EI-Sorogy, 1995; Ziko, 1996).
Range: Miocene-Recent.
Family: Smittinidae Levisen, 1909
Genus: Schizosmittina Vig., 1949
Schizosmittina safagaensis n. sp.
(PI. 4, Fig. 1)
Etymology: This species is named after its locus typicus as it has been found in
Safaga area.
Description: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, zooecia arranged in irregular
manner. Zooecia distinct, separated from each other by fine threads. Each
zooecium surrounded by 5-6 pairs of small-very large areola which reach 0.05 mm
in length. Frontal ornamented with fine-medium granulations. Orifice almost
rounded with deep sinus, surrounded by salient peristome, which sometimes make
a neck-like structure and in this case the sinus disappears. One spine occurs
distally to the orifice. Avicularia present in two types, the first is medium in size and
occurs to the left of the orifices, triangular, with pointed rostrum; the second is
large, very long, median, a little to the left of the orifice, with curved and very long
rostrum. Ovicell recumbent, almost small to medium sized.
Measurements: Lz=0.30-0.42 mm.
Iz=0.20-0.26 mm.
ho=0.08-0.10 mm.
10=0.08-0.10mm.
Lav=0.12-0.16 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on shells.
Genus: Smittina Norman, 1903
Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838
(PI. 4, Figs. 2, 3)
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
213zyxwvutsrqp
& Bassler): 143, pI. 22, figs. 7-14
1923 Smittina trispinosa Johnston (CanuzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJI
1929 Smittina trispinosa Johnston: Canu & Bassler: 340, pI. 41, figs. 1-3.
2001 Smittina trispinosa Johnston: EI-Sorogy, Abd EI-Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 70,
pI. 5, fig. 1.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Iz= 0.36-0.43 mm.
Measurements:
Lz= 0.46-0.64 mm.
10=0.15 mm.
ho= 0.15 mm.
lav= 0.1 mm.
Lav=0.38-0.39 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells, other bryozoans and pipes.
Habitat: Philippine region, Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), coarse sand with shells, depth
23-88 fathoms (Canu & Bassler, 1929; EI-Sorogy et ai, 2001).
Smittina avicularis n. sp.
(PI. 4, Figs. 4, 5; PI. 5, Fig. 1)
Etymology: This species is named because of its great variety in avicularian
shapes and positions.
Description: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, thick, arranged in alternating
longitudinal rows, making a costule in between; reaching the median axis of the
zooecium. Zooecia distinct, rectangular-fusiform. Each zooecium surrounded by 78 pairs of areola, of median to large size; make a salient thin thread. Frontal wall
granulated with thick granulations. Aperture rounded to semirounded, with welldeveloped Iyrula and two small rounded cradles proximally to the aperture.
Aperture surrounded by thick peristome. Two spines occur distally to the peristome,
not prominent. Avicularia adventitious, vary in size, positions and directions; it may
be small in size, medium or large. It may be also directed in all directions, upward
or downward, it may be located at the frontal part of the ovicell, it may also have
one or two proximal or lateral avicularia. Ovicell hyperstomial, globular,
semirounded, granulated, of two layers; the outer one is solid and the inner one is
perforated.
Iz=0.33 0.42 mm.
Measurements: Lz= 0.50-0.67 mm.
10=0.13-0.16mm.
ho= 0.13-0.15 mm.
Occurrence:
Ovicelled zooecium reach 0.83 mm.
Encrusting on dead shells and other bryozoans. Southern Safaga
Bay.
Remarks: This species differs from Smittina rosacea (Gordon, 1984) in having
types of avicularia.
Etymology:
Smittina regularis n. sp.
(PI. 5, Figs. 2, 3)
This species is named after its very regular arrangement of the
zooecia.
Decription: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, zooecia arranged in very regular
alternating longitudinal rows. Zooecia longitudinally, distinct, rectangular, very
regular. Zooecia separated from each other by fine threads represented by areolar
pores, which exhibited 7-8 areola on each side. Frontal wall granulated by fine to
EL-Sorogy et al.
214 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
medium granulations. Aperture semi-rounded with Iyrula proximal to the orbicular
aperture. Avicularia single, very small, on one side, with pivot; and very short
spatulated rostrum. Ovicell not seen in tile specimen.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWV
Measurements: Lz= 0.48-0.75 mm.
Iz= 0.28-0.40 mm.
ho= 0.1-0.13 mm.
10=0.15-0.13 mm.
PI.4
1
5
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
215zyxwvutsrqp
Occurrence: Encrusting on shells, pipes and in rubbish.
Remarks: this species differs fromzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
Smittina trispinosa (Canu & Bassler, 1929) in
that it has no spines distally to the aperture.
Genus: Parasmittina Osburn, 1952
Parasmittina delicatula (Busk, 1884)
(PI. 5, Fig. 4, 5)
1884 Mucronel/a delicatula Busk: 156.
1929 Smittina unispinosa (Busk): Livingstone: 90.
1973 Parasmittina delicatula (Busk): Soule & Soule: 401.
1984 Parasmittina delicatula ( Busk): Gordon: 95, pI. 35, A.
2001 Parasmittina delicatula (Busk): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI-vyahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 69,
pI. 5, fig. 5.
Measurements: Lz = 0.48-0.83 mm.
ho=0.13-0.17 mm
Iz = 0.30- 0.43 mm.
10=0.13-0.17 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells or other bryozoans, Southern Safaga Bay.
Distribution:
Three kings Island, Hauraki Gulf, Wanganui (Upper PlioceneRecent), Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), Cook Strait; Also Victoria, New South Wales,
Hawaii, Japan, New Zealand (Gordon, 1984; EI-Sorogy et al., 2001).
Habitat: Encrusted on boulders and pebbles; mollusks, coral fragment. Depth 104106 m. (Gordon, 1984).
Range: Upper Pliocene-Recent.
Family: Margarettidae Harmer, 1956
Genus: Margaretta Gray, 1848
Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander, 1786)
(PI. 6, Figs. 1, 2)
1786 Gel/aria cereoides Ellis & Solander: 26, pI. 5, figs. B-E
1974 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): David & Pouyet: 169, pI. 10, fig. 7.
1988 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): Moissette: 165, pI. 26, fig.5.
1991 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): Schmid: 406, pI. 2,fig.5.
1996 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Selander): Ziko: 136, fig. 4/5.
2000 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): Ziko, EI-Sorogy,
Zalat, Eweda &
Saber: 1486, pI. 5, fig. 5.
2002 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): EI Safori: 450, pI. 7, fig. 6.
Explanation of Plate 4
Fig.
1: Schizosmittina safagaensis n. sp. Enlarged view of zoarium showing neck-like peristome
2,3,4: Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838
2. General view of zoarium.
3. Enlarged view of zoarium showing large avicularium.
4. Enlarged view of zoarium showing two spines and large avicularium.
5, 6: Smittina avicularis n.sp.
5. General view of zoarium showing different sizes of avicularia.
6. Enlarged view of zoarium showing different positions of avicularia.
(Bar scale = 5001-!)
216
EL-Sorogy et al.
(For more synonomy see ZikozyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFE
et al. 2000)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO
Iz= 0.19-0.31 mm.
Lz= 0.53-0.82 mm.
la= 0.06-0.08 mm.
ha= 0.06-0.08 mm.
Occurrence: Friable samples no. 14, 17 & 23 (6.2-27 m depth). Southern Safaga
Measurments:
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
217
Bay.
Distribution:
In Egypt Middle Miocene, Post Pliocene and Pleistocene. Eocene of
Paris Basin, Spain and Italy. Oligocene of Germany, Italy, Poland, Rumania, CSSR;
Miocene of France, Poland, Rumania, CSSR; Pliocene of Italy, North America,
Central America and Vienna (EI-SorogyzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIH
et al., 2001).
Habitat: Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Pacific, Red Sea. In Atlantic, only
in Tropical and subtropical regions. Mostly distributed in the shallow sublittoral
waters from 10-45 m (EI-Sorogy et al., 2001).
Range: Eocene - Recent
Family: Reteporidae Smitt, 1867
Genus: lodictyum Harmer, 1933
lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss, 1848)
(PI. 6, Figs. 3, 4)
1848 Retepora rubeschi Reuss: 48, p1.6,figs. 35-37
1989 lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss): Schmid: 54, pI. 16, figs.1-5.
1996 lodictyum rubes chi (Reuss): Ziko: 139, fig. 5/2-3.
2000 lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1487, pI.
5, fig. 8.
2001 lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI-Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 71, pI.
5, figs. 2, 3.
(For more synonomy see EI-Sorogy et al., 2001)
Measurments: Lz= 0.31-0.36 mm.
Iz= 0.20-0.24 mm
ho= 0.17-0.19 mm.
10=0.08-0.11 mm.
Occurrence: Friable sample no. 17 (27 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay
Distribution: Miocene of Cairo-Suez, western side of the Gulf of Suez, East central
Sinai. Miocene of Austria, France (Vrav, 1977; Schmid, 1989 and Ziko et al., 1992).
Habitat: Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), depth 0-15 m.
Range: Miocene-Recent
Family: Watersiporidae Vigneaux, 1949
Genus: Watersipora Neviani, 1895
Watersipora subtorquata (d Orbigny, 1842)
(PI. 6, Figs. 5, 6)
1842 Escharina torquata d'Orbigny: pI. 4, fig. 3.
1905 Celiepora subtorquata d'Orbigny: Waters: 6.
Explanation of Plate 5
Fig.
n. sp. General view of zorlum showing crowded zooecia with avicularia
1~ Smittina svtcuteriszyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
with different positions.
2, 3: Smittina regularis n. sp.
2. General view of zoarium showing regular arrangement of zooecia.
3; Enlarged view of zooecia show small avicularium and Iyrula.
4,5: Par<Jsmittinadeticetule (Suski ~884)
4. General view of zoarium,showing intrazooecial avtcutartum.
5. Enlarge9 view of zooecia showing large avicularium.
(Bar scale = 500~)
EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvu
218
1985 Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny): Soule & Soule: 295.
1989 Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny): Gordon: 40, pI. 20: 8-H.
1992 Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny): Gordon & Mawatari: 30, pI. 1, d, pI. 3, e,zyxwvut
d.
2001 Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny):
EI-Sorogy, Abd
EI Wahab, Ziko & EI
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
219
Dera: 71, pI. 5, fig. 4.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
Iz= 0.44-0.90 mm.
Measurements: Lz= 0.78- 1.10 mm.
10=0.22-0.28 mm.
ho= 0.22-0.28 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on rocks.
Habitat: Red Sea, New Zealand, Gulf of Aqaba, Brazil, Bermuda, West Indies,
Japan, Great Barrier Reef in Australia (EI-SorogyzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQP
et al., 2001), Cape Verde Island,
Torres strait (Gordon, 1989; Gordon & Mawatari, 1992).
Family: Celleporidae Busk, 1852
Genus: Holoporella Waters, 1909
Holoporella polythele Reuss, 1848
(PI. 6, Fig. 7)
1848 Cellepora polythele Reuss: 77, pI. 9, fig. 18.
1883 Cellepora polythele (Reuss): Fusch: 33, pI. 19, figs. 1zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUT
& 2.
1965 Holoporella polythele (Reuss): Souaya: 1141, pI. 139, figs. 1 & 2.
1996 Holoporella polythele (Reuss): Ziko: 139, fig. 5/4, 5.
2001 Holoporella polythele (Reuss): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 74,
pI. 6, fig. 6.
(For more synonomy see EI-Sorogy et al., 2001)
Measurements: Lz=0.25-0.53 mm
Iz=0.26-0.54 mm.
ho=0.12-0.26 mm.
10=0.12-0.26 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on shells, rocks & other bryozoans.
Distribution: Middle Miocene of Egypt.
and Hungary (Ziko, 1996; Li, 1990).
Miocene of Italy, Austria, CSSR, France
Habitat: Mediterranean, optimum depth 10-20 m (Ziko, 1996).
Range: Miocene-Recent.
Holoporella avicularis Canu & Bassler, 1929
(PI. 7, Figs. 1, 2, 3)
1912 Holoporella avicularis (Hincks): Canu: 220, pI. 12, fig. 11.
2001 Holoporella avicularis (Hincks): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 73,
pI. 6, fig. 5.
Explanation of Plate 6
Fig.
1, 2: Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander, 1786)
1. General view of erect zoarium.
2. General view of another erect zoarium.
3, 4: lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss, 1848)
3. General view of the zoarium.
4. Enlarged view showing alternating longitudinal rows of zooecia.
5,6: Watersipora subtorquata d Orbigny, 1842
5. General view of encrusting zoarium.
6. Enlarged view showing curling edges.
7: Ho/opore/la polythele Reuss, 1848.General view of encrusting zoarium.
(Bar scale = 500jJ)
220
'EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvu
Lz=0.36-0.41 mm.
Iz= 0.34-0.41 mm.
ho=0.12-0.15 mm.
10=0.17-0.18mm.
Diameter of the zooecium: 0.34-0.41 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells.
Distribution: Miocene of Mersa Matruh, Egypt.
Habitat: Arctic, Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea & Gulf of Aqaba (EI·Sorogyzyxwvutsrqp
8 1 zyxwvutsrqp
al.,
Measurements:
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
221
2001 ).
Family: Celleporariidae Harmer, 1957
Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
Celleporaria Lamouroux, 1821
Celleporaria sp.
(PI. 8, fig. 6)
Description: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar. Zooecia arranged randomly,
separated from each other by very fine deep threads. Zooecia distinct, erect, ovalrectangular, surrounded by 4-5 pairs of small-medium areola. Frontal of fine to
medium granulations. Aperure terminal, orbicular, semirounded, surrounded by
thick peristome, raising up distally to the orifice making an umbo-like. Pairs of
avicularia present, very small, triangular, with short rostrum.
Measurements: Lz= 0.43-0.67 mm.
ho= 0.12-0.13 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on molluscan shells.
Iz= 0.37-0.43 mm.
10=0.18-0.21mm.
Genus: Celleporina Gray, 1848
Celleporina tubulata (Uttley & Bullivant, 1972)
(PI. 7, Figs. 4, 5)
1972 Haswellina tubulata Uttley & Bullivant: 35.
1989 Celleporina tubulata (Uttley & Bullivant): Gordon: 71, pI. 40, B-D.
2001 Celleporina tubulata (Uttley & Bullivant): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI Wahab, Ziko & EI
Dera: 76, pI. 6, fig. 3.
Measurements: Lz= 0.50-0.64 mm.
Iz=0.35-0.50 mm.
ho= 0.20 mm.
10=0.15-0.20 mm.
Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells, Southern Safaga Bay.
Habitat: New Zealand region, Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), depth 69-205 m (EI-Sorogy
et al., 2001).
Celleporina abbassi n. sp
(PI. 8, Figs. 1, 2)
Etymology: This species is named in the honor of the great Professor Hussein
Lotty Abbass, Prof. of Paleontology, Geology Department., Faculty of Science, Ain
Shams University.
Description: zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, thick, crowded. Zooecia distinct,
erect, frontal smooth, arranged in irregular manner. Zooeia surrounded by 4-6 pairs
of large areola. Orifice semirounded, large, width about twice as long; frontal
Explanation of Plate 7
Fig.
1, 2, 3: Holoporella avicularis Canu & Bassler, 1929
1. General view of encrusting zoarium.
2. Enlarged view of zoarium showing elongated intrazooecial avicularium.
3. Enlarged view of zooecium showing high oeristome.
4, 5: Celleporina tubulata (Uttley & Bullivant, 1972)
4. General view of encrusting zoarium.
5. Enlarged view showing avicularium and two small spines.
(Bar scale = 5001-1)
EL-Sorogy et al.
222
reduced because of the peristome, which is became high making umbo-like.
Avicularia when present take place within the top of the peristome. Ovicell
hyperstomial, cap-like, with fine granulations.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO
Iz=0.32-0.42 mm.zyxwvutsrqponmlkji
Measurements: Lz= 0.45-0.55 mm.
5
6
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
ho=0.11-0.15 mm.
Occurrence:
Safaga Bay.
Encrusting
223
10=0.22-0.25 mm.
on dead shells or other bryozoans and rocks, Southern
Remarks:
This species differs fromzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLK
Celleporina costazii (Gordon, 1984) in the
shape of the ovicell and having no side avicularia.
Family: Savignyellidae Levinsen, 1909
Genus: Savignyella Levinsen, 1909
Savignyella lafontii (Audouin, 1826)
(PI. 8, Figs. 3, 4, 5)
1826 Eucratea lafontii Audouin: 242
1953 Savignyella lafontii (Audouin): Bassler: 224, fig. 168/1, a, b.
1991 Savignyella lafontii (Audouin): Scholz: 291, pI. 8, fig. 1.
Description: Zoaria erect, branched, chain like, jointed, segmented, each segment
consists of one zooecium. Zooecia elongate, wide in the upper portion became
narrow at the rest of the zooecium, slightly calcified, with frontal surface, numerous
scattered pores. It is separated from the basal surface by more or less sharp
boundary line. The distal wall has a number of septulae on its periphery. The
aperture more or less rounded and surrounded with three or more spines, with
concave poster and with no sinus. Ovicell recumbent, when present and proximally
distal avicularium, not seen on the present specimen.
Measurements: Lz = 0.80-1.31 mm
Iz = 0.25-0.375 mm
Occurrence: Friable sample no. 22 (1 m depth) and pipes, Southern Safaga Bay,
Red Sea (Egypt).
Habitat: North Atlantic, Philippine region. Depth 20 (Scholz, 1991).
Range: Eocene-Recent.
ECOLOGICAL and BIOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS
The present ecological study is based on the study of the relationship between
zoarial growth forms and the environmental conditions as well as the habits and
habitats of the species.
Zoarial growth forms: (Table 2)
The environmental parameters affect the relative distribution of the different
colonial growth types of bryozoa (Stach 1936, LagaaijzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTS
& Gautier, 1965 and Schopf,
1969). The studied bryozoan species classified according to their zoarial growth
forms include encrusting and erect forms.
Explanation of Plate 8
Fig.
1, 2: Cel/eporina abbassi n. sp.
1. General view of encrusting zoarium
2. Enlarged view showing ovicell and high peristome.
3, 4, 5: Savignyel/a lafontii (Audouin, 1826)
3. General view of erect zoarium.
4. Enlarged view showing both wide and narrow portions of the zoarium.
5. Another enlarged view showing perforated frontal and spines.
6: Cel/eporaria sp. General view of encrusting zoarium.
(Bar scale = 5001.1)
2 2 4 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
EL-Sorogy et al.
Erect
EncrustzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQP
Table 2: Zoarial growth form of the
studied bryofauna
E
.E
.;::
l-
E
I-
E
I-
o
g
g
c
o
~
.9:-
~
l-
.e
E
(!)
~
.;::
a.
~
a;
o
::J
U
C
s
1- Encrusting zoarial growth form:
It represents 57% of the whole studied bryofauna. Among the encrusting
species, two zoarial growth forms are present:
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
225zyxwvutsrq
Membraniporiform:
It forms unilamellar colonies, well represented in littoral and sublittoral
environment with low rate of sedimentation « 10 cm/1000 year) and moderate
hydrodynamics of (30 - 80 cm/sec). 11 identified species belong to this form
representing 39% of the studied assemblage.
Celliporiform:
It forms massive and muttllamellar colonies, chiefly distributed in littoral and
sublittoral zones (30 m is the optimum depth), with low rate of sedimentation and
moderate water turbulence. Five species belong to this type of forms representing
18% of the studied assemblage.
For both types, the most important environmental controlling factor is the
availability of substratum. In the study area the cobbles and boulders of igneous
nature, cement pipes, chips fractures and fragments of shells and corals offered the
available substrate for most of the encrusting bryozoans.
2- Erect zoarial growth form:
The erect forms are those colonies attached only by their bases to hard
substratum, while the rest of colony grows free from it. It represents 44% of the
studied bryofauna. Most of the encountered free species from rigid colonies.
Among the erect species, three zoarial growth forms are present:
Vinculariiform:
Zoarium erect, rigid, dichotomous subcylindrical branches, firmly attached to a
solid substratum by a calcareous base. This form is adapted for deep or sheltered
waters where wave and currents «20cm/sec) are inactive and the rate of
sedimentation is low. 7 species are found belonging to this form and they represent
25% of the studied assemblage.
Cellariiform:
Zoarium erect, flexible articulated in cylindrical internodes, which consist of
numerous zooecia and are attached to substrate by rootlets. This form is adapted
for living in the littoral zone where algae usually constitute the base of attachment.
Water currents and high rate of sedimentation (>100zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSR
cm/103 years) is overcommed
by the articulation of the long narrow internods. Among the studied bryofauna 3
species belong to this type of forms and they represent 11% of the whole
assemblage.
Caten icelliform:
Zoarium erect, articulated. 2 species belong to this form and they represent 7%
of the whole assemblage.
Biogeography:
Of the 28 Recent bryozoans identified from the Southern Safaga bay, 14 of
them live in the Pacific Ocean, 11 in the Red Sea, 8 in the Atlantic Ocean, 7 in the
Mediterranean Sea, 2 in the Indian Ocean, 2 in the Arctic Ocean and 1 in the
Adriatic Sea (Table 3).
Eight of the identified species are previously recorded from occurrences in
Egypt: from the north of the Western Desert, the western side of the Gulf of Suez.
EL-Sorogy et al.
226 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
the Cairo-Suez district, Mersa Matruh and Red Sea Coast. The previously identified
species were recorded from different geological ages beginning from the Late
Eocene up to the Miocene, Pliocene and ending with the Pleistocene (Table 4).zyxwvutsrqp
Biogeographyzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba
Table
s::
ca
CI)
s::
ca
Biogeographic
distribution
of the
studied bryozoans.
3:
......
CI)
:!::
"C
CJ
:;::;
...
CJ
«
CI)
CJ
ca
ca
III
:;::;
';:
"C
«
CI)
"C
CI)
a:
CJ
;;:::
'uca
c..
c
,!!!
"C
s::
-
CJ
:;::;
s::
ca
;;
«
::zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUT
Membranipora severtii
X
X
X
Membranipora nobilis
X
X
Hippopodina feegensis
Schizoporella violacea
X
Microporella ciliata
X
X
Schizosmittina safagaensis
X
Smittina trispinosa
X
Smitina avicularis
X
Smittina regularis
X
Parasmittina delicatula
Watersipora subtorquata
x
x
Holloporela avicularis
x
Celleporaria sp.
x
x
Celleporina tubulata
x
Celleporina abbassi
x
x
x
x
Tricellaria monotrypa
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Canda arachnoides
x
x
Canda pecten scutata
x
x
lodictyum rubeschi
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Crisia homesi
Nellia tenella
x
Margaretta cereoides
Synnotum aegyptiacum
x
Savignyella lafontii
x
x
x
Filisparsa rugosa
Tricellaria occidentalis
X
X
Holloporella polythele
Scrupocellaria elliptica
X
x
x
x
x
Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay
227zyxwvutsrqp
Stratigraphic range
Table 4: The stratigraphic ranges
of
the
studied
bryofauna
Membranipora savartii
Q)
Q)
Q)
o
Q)
0
W
.2'
c:::
o
-
Q)
0
-
c:::
Q)
c:::
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXW
Q)
c:::
c:::
-a::
1/1
'iii
(5
J: zyxwvutsr
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
5
-
-
-
Q)
.2
c
~
Membranipora nobilis
Hippopodina feegensis
Q)
c:::
Q)
Q)
()
a::
o
Q)
0
c
0
-
Schizoporella violacea
Microporella ciliata
-
Smittina trispinosa
-
Parasmittina delicatula
Watersipora subtorquata
-
-
-
Holloporella polythele
-
Holloporela avicularis
-
-
-
-
-
-
Celleporina tubulata
-
Filisparsa ruqose
Scrupocellaria elliptica
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tricellaria monotrypa
-
Tricellaria occidentalis
-
Canda arachnoides
-
Canda pecten scutata
-
lodictyum rubeschi
-
-
-
-
-
-
Crisia hornesi
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nellia tenella
-
-
-
-
-
-
Margaretta cereoides
Synnotum aegyptiacum
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Savignyella lafontiizyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
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