Egypt. Jour. Paleontol., Vol.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED 4, 2004, p. 199-230 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM RECENT BRYOZOANS FROM SOUTHERN SAFAGA BAY, RED SEA COAST, EGYPT 1), Abdel Baset. S. EL-SOROGy(1),Mohamed ABDELWAHAB(2), Abdel Mohsen ZIKO(zyxwvutsrqp Nabila EI-DERA(1), Nader SABER(1)and Nisreen ABU ELKHAIR(1) 1) Geology Department, Faculty of SCience,Zagazig University, Egypt. 2) National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red Sea branch, Egypt. ABSTRACT Twenty-eight bryozoan species have been identified for the first time from the Recent coral reefs and sediments of the southern Safaga bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt. Among the identified taxa, twenty-six species belong to the order Cheilostomata and the rest to the order cyclostomata.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Schizosmittna safagaensis, Smittina avicularis, S. regularis and Celleporina abbassi are believed to be new. Sixteen bryozoans are encrusting and have membraniporiform and celleporiform zoarial qrowth-torms, and twelve are erect and are vinculariiform, cellariiform and catenicellifom. Nearly all identified bryozoans are of Indo-Pacific affinity, and very rare elements are also recorded from the Atlantic-Mediterranean realm. INTRODUCTION The main target of the present work is to study the taxonomy of Recent bryozoan fauna of southern Safaga bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt (Fig. 1), as well as, their ecological and biogeographical implications. The studied area lies in the southern flank of Wadi Safaga. The shoreline of the studied area is dominantly made up of terrigenous, arenaceous sand mixed with rubbish materials. The Safaga area is occupied by relatively low hills of sedimentary rocks surrounded by a mountainous area of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The low sedimentary hills form a strip twelve kilometers in length extending from north to south. This strip is formed of a number of hills separated by different wadis as Wadi Wasif and Wadi Gasus. Most erect bryozoans were picked up from the samples were collected along three profiles perpendicular to the Southern Safaga bay by free diving (Fig. 1). Depth of samples along each profile ranges from beach sediments (0 m) to 37 m depth (Tab. 1). Most of the encrusting bryozoans were collected from the surfaces of the igneous cobbles and boulders of rhyolite, basalt and porphyritic dacite. Also some bryozoans were collected from cement pipes, corals and other biogenic fragments in situ (Figs. 2, 3) or drifted in the supratidal zone. The studied bryozoan fauna is deposited in the Geological Museum, Zagazig University, El-Soroqys collection, Zagazig, Egypt. Table 1: Depths of the studied samples. 10 11 12 13 14 15 9 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZ 7 4 8 2 3 5 6 Sample no. 1 1 3.5 7 16 2 5.3 10 23 30 30 31.5 34 0 1 Depth/m 0 Sample no. 16 Depth/m 22 17 27 18 30 19 34 20 35 21 0 22 23 24 1 6.5 14 25 30 26 29 27 36 28 32 29 37 30 32 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION The present taxonomy is based on the classification of Bassler (1953)and other later modifications. Micrometric measurements, occurrence, habit and information 2 0 0 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA EL-Sorogy et al. on geologic distribution (if available) are given for each identified species. Full description is given only for taxa not recorded in Egyptian published literature. The following abbreviations are used in the measurements of the taxa: Lz=zooecial length, Iz=zooecial width, hoelenqth of orifice, loewidth of orifice, Lovelenqth of ovicell, lovewidth of ovicell, Laveavicularlan length, and laveavlcularian width. Phylum: Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831 Order: Cyclostomata Busk, 1852 Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG Crisia Lamouroux, 1812 Crisia hdrnesii Reuss, 1847 (PI. 1, Figs. 1, 2, 3) 1848 Crisia homesii Reuss: 54, pI. 7, fig. 21.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM 26.75 ?~ I 24]~t~ Safaga 8· 1~ II po. 11 3 15 17 19'\ ............ .,.......... \ 2, 214 16 18 20 \ 23 25 27 29 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYX III ............ 0 ............ 2 24 26'l? 28 30 %~ e a:l ~ i = 26.70 'f ~ 0 2km L ===~ 33.90 Fig. 1: Location map of the studied profiles. 34.00 Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 201 Fig. 2: Sampling process from coral heads of different types on muddy floor. Fig. 3: Wastes of solid nature on the floor of Safagabay provide a hard substrate for many encrusters such as corals, algae and bryozonas. 202 EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvutsr 1920 Crisia homesi Reuss: Canu & Bassler: 704, pI. 141, figs. 1-4. 1929 Crisia homesi Reuss: Canu & Bassler: 528, pI. 78, figs. 10-13. 2000 CrisiazyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA h om esi Reuss: Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1465, p1.1, fig.1. 2001Crisia tiomesi Reuss: EI-Sorogy, Abd EI-Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 55, pl.1, fig.1. 2002 Crisia homes! Reuss: EI Safori: 426, pI. 2, fig. 3.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWV Measurements: Zoarial width: 0.24 mm Zoariallength: 1.04 mm. Distance between orifices 0.21-0.25 mm. Occurence: In friable samples no. 4, 5, 18 and 25 (5.3-30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay. Distribution: In Egypt: Middle Miocene, north Western Desert and the western side of the Gulf of Suez. Eocene of France, Italy, and North America. Oligocene of Germany, France, Italy and USA. Miocene of CSSR, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, Hungary and Portugal. Pliocene-Pleistoceneof Italy. Quaternary of Italy (Vavra, 1977 & EI-Sorogy et al. 2001). Habitat: Red Sea, Philippine region at depths from 57- 162 fathoms (100-300 m), temperature: 11.2° C (Canu & Bassler, 1929; Ziko et al. 2000 and EI-Sorogy et al. 2001). Range: Eocene- Recent. Family: Oncousoeciidae Canu, 1918 Genus: Filisparsa d'Orbigny, 1853 Filisparsa rugosa Canu & Bassler, 1929 (PI. 1 , Figs. 4, 5) 1929 Filisparsa rugosa Canu & Bassler: Canu & Bassler: 519, pI. 76, figs. 7-9. Description: Zoarium erect, free, narrow, dichotomously branched, base expanded. Zooecial tubes visible, distinct, arranged only on the frontal, wrinkled transerverly. Orifice orbicular; peristomes close together. Peristome thin, peristomie very salient and erect. Posterior face covered with large transverse wrinkles. Measurements: Lz=0.35-0.45 mm Iz=0.18-0.22 mm ho= 0.09-0.18 mm 10=0.11-0.16mm width of the zoarium = 0.70 mm. Occurrence: In friable sample no. 17 (27 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay. Habitat: Pacific, Philippine Region, depth 57 fathoms (Canu & Bassler, 1929). Order: Cheilostomata Busk, 1852 Suborder: Anasca Levinsen, 1909 Family: Membraniporidae Busk, 1854 Genus: Membranipora Blainville. 1883 Membranipora savartii (Savigny-Audouin, 1826) (PI.1, Fig. 6) 1826 Flustra savartii (Savingy-Audouin): 240, pI. 10, fig. 10. 1907 Membranipora savartii (Audouin): Canu: 252, pI. 2, figs. 5, 6. Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 1929 Membrendoecium 203zyxwvutsrq savarti Mackgillivray: Canu & Bassler: 74, pI. 6, figs. 1, 2. 1972 Biflustra savartii (Audouin): David, Mongereau & Pouyet: 10, pI. 8, fig. 8. 1976 Membranipora savartii (Savingy-Audouin): Abbas & EI-Senoussi: 157, pI. 1, fig. 4. savartii (Savigny- Audouin): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1474, p1.2,fig.6. (For more synonomy see Ziko et al., 2000)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO Iz= 0.10 0.22 mm. Measurments: Lz= 0.22 0.40 mm. 10=0.20-0.27 mm. ho= 0.40-0.47 mm. Occurrence: In friable sample no. 17 (27 m depth) and encrusting on dead shells, rocks and pipes. Southern Safaga Bay. DistribuUon: In Egypt: Middle Eocene, late Eocene, Miocene, Post Pliocene, Pleistocene. Eocene of France, Belgium, North America, Oligocene of Germany. Miocene of Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, France, Australia, Italy, England, Spain, Portugal and central America. Pliocene of Tunisia, Morocco, Spain, Portugal, England, Italy, Argentina, Venzuela, Australia, Japan. Pleistocene of Algeria, Italy, Argentina, USA and China. Miocene of Australia (Canu & Bassler, 1929). Habitat: Equatorial and Tropical zones of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean and the Red Sea near shore in depths ranging between10-15 m. 2000 Membranipora Range: Eocene-Recent. nobilis Reuss, 1847 (PI. 1, Figs. 7, 8) 1848 Membranipora nobilis Reuss: 98, pI. 11, fig. 26. 1874 Membranipora elliptica Hag: Reuss, 179, table 9, fig. 1, 2. 1974 Membranipora nobilis Reuss: David & Pouyet: 98, pI. 2, fig. 6. Membranipora nobilis Reuss: Vavra: pI. 1, fig. 1. Zoarium encrusting. Zooecia radiating from the ancestrula region. Zooecia elliptical, elongate, separated from each other by deep furrows. Zooecia arranged in longitudinal rows. Opesia occupying most of the zooecium area, gymnocyst reduced. Zooecium wall ornmented by rims. Ovicell hyperstomial, small, rounded. Ancestrula differs from the rest of the zooecia in that the opesia is reduced, semicircular, gymnocyst occupying most of the zooecium area. 1979 Membranipora Description: Measurements: Lz= 0.66-0.75 mm. lop=0.33-0.50 mm. Iz=0.42-0.50 mm. lop=0.21-0.33 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells. Distribution: Miocene of Austria, Portugal, CSSR, Irland (V vra, 1977). Range: Miocene-Recent. Family: Farciminariidae Busk, 1884 Genus: Nellia Busk, 1852 Nellia ten ella (Lamarck, 1816) (PI. 1, Fig. 9) 204 EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvutsrq 1816 Gel/aria tenel/a Lamarck: 135. 1907 Facimia tenel/a (Lamarck): Canu: 76, pI. 1, figs. 26, 27. & Bassler: 195, pI. 82, fig. 6-10. 1920 Nel/ia oculata Busk: CanuzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED 1966 Nel/ia tenel/a (Lamarck): Cheetham: 48, text. fig. 28. Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 205zyxwvutsrqp 1974 Nellia oculata (Busk): Debourle: 154, pI. 16, fig. 11. 1995 Nellia oculata (Busk): Ziko & EI-Sorogy: 84, figs. 4, 5. 2000 Nellia tenel/a (Lamarck): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1478, pI. 3, fig. 3. (For more extensive synonomy see EI-Sorogy et al. 2001)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXW Measurements: LZ=1.04 mm. Iz= 0.56 mm. ho= 0.60 mm. 10=0.16 mm. Occurrence: In friable sample no. 17 (27 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay. Distribution: In Egypt: Late Eocene, Middle Miocene. Eocene & Oligocene of Europe, Africa & America. Miocene of Africa, Asia, Europe & America. PliocenePleistocene of Asia & America (Ziko et al., 2000). Habitat: Cosmopolitan in tropical regions, from depth ranging between 17-450 m, but much frequent from 20-28 ( Ziko et al., 2000). Range: Eocene- Recent. Family: Scrupocellariidae Levinsen, 1909 Genus: Scrupocel/aria Van Beneden, 1845 Scrupocel/aria el/iptica (Reuss, 1848) (PI. 2, Fig. 1) 1848 Bactridium elliptticum Reuss: 56, pl, 9, figs. 7, 8. 1920 Scrupocel/aria elliptica (Reuss): Canu & Bassler: 184, pI. 32, figs. 4-7. 1974 Scrupocellaria el/iptica (Reuss): David & Pouyet: 130, pI. 2, fig. 3. 1992 Scrupocel/aria el/iptica (Reuss): Pouyet & Moissette: 47, pI. 6, figs, 1,2. 2000 Scrupocellaria el/iptica (Reuss): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1479, p1.3, fig.9 2002 Scrupocel/aria el/iptica (Reuss): EI Safori: 441, pI. 5, fig. 8. (For more extensive synonomy see Ziko et al., 2000) Measurements: Lz=0.26-0.35 mm ho=0.14-0.17 mm. Iz= 0.15-0.17 mm. 10=0.08-0.10 mm. Occurrence: In friable samples no. 17, 18 (27-30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay. Explanation of Plate 1 Fig. 1, 2, 3: Crisia hrnesi Reuss, 1847 1. General view of erect zoarium showing alternating zooecia. 2. General view of another zoarium showing granulated frontal. 3. General view of another zoarium. 4,5: Filisparsa rugosa Canu & Bassler, 1929 4. General view of zoarium. 5. General view of zoarium showing tubes wrinkled transversely. 6: Membranipora savartii (Savigny-Audouin, 1826).General view of erect zoarium showing large opesia. 7,8: Membranipora nobilis Reuss, 1847 7. General view of encrusting zoarium showing ancestrular region. 8. Enlarged view of zoarium. 9: Nellia tenella (Lamarck, 1816). General view of erect zoarium showing very large zooecium. (Bar scale = 5001-1) EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvu 206 Distribution: In Egypt: Middle Miocene of Cairo-Suez, western Suez, Mersa Matruh; Pleistocene of the Red Sea coast. Eocene Italy and USA. Oligocene of France and Italy. Miocene of France, and Algeria. Pliocene of Portugal, Spain, England, Italy, Pleistocene of Italy and USA (V vra, 1977). side of the Gulf of of Spain, France, Austria, Romania Rhodos, Tunisia. Habitat: West Atlantic on the coast of Brazil and Canda, East Atlantic at Cap Verde Islands, Mediterranean, Pacific and Arctic (Saber, 2000). Range: Eocene-Recent. Family: Cabereidae Busk, 1852 Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG Tricellaria Fleming, 1828 Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk, 1852) (PI. 2, Fig. 2) 1852 Cellularia monotrypa Busk: 368 1943 Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk): Hastings: 356 1958 Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk): Macken: 104. 1986 Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk): Gordon: 61, pI. 20/ C, D. Description: Zoaria erect, compressed branches, biserial except at internodes the zoo ids become three zooids. Oval or subrounded opesia. Ovicell reduced as a narrow cap like structure with acresentic proximal rim. Cryptocyst smooth, depressed, slightly long, but short and small at the branches covered by ovicell of the proximal zooecia, smooth gymnocyst, frontal avicularia absent in this species. Ovicell surrounded by a smooth cryptocyst. Two spines are at the outer and the inner margins (distolateral to mural rim) of the zooid and a third spine at the mid distal rim of the axial zooid. There are no dorsal avicularia or vibracula. Measurments: Lz= 0.19-0.38 mm. Iz= 0.10-0.19 mm. ho= 0.15-0.16 mm. 10=0.09-0.10 mm. Occurrence: In friable samples. No 17, 18 (27-30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay Habitat: New Zealand, Depth 20-251 m. rocky subtrate with encrusting corals and brachiopods. Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask, 1857) (PI. 2, Figs. 3, 4) 1857 Menipea occidentalis Trask: 113. 1950 Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask): Osburn: 122, pI. 13, figs. 6, 7. 1986 Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask): Gordon: 61, pI. 201 E. 1992 Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask): Gordon & Mawatari: 25, pI. 21f; pI. 6/ f. Description: zoarium erect, dichotomously branching, usually jointed at the bifurcations. Branches typically biserial in articulated segment of 7 or 9 zooids. Zooecia alternating or a branch begins with a single zooid; each branch jointed at its base, internodes typically consisting of 3 zooids or more, zooecia usually narrowed below the opesia, There are no dorsal vibracula, no frontal avicularia. Lateral avcularia present. The opesia elongate, oval, generally about two third of the zooecial length, with well developed smooth gymnocyst. Spines usually Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 207 present. From the inner margin of the proximal half of the opesia a scutal spine present, variously awl-like, bifid, trifid, or in ovicelled zooid a large lobate structure, it usually protect the opesia area. Typically three outer distolateral spines present, a median distal spine and a pair of inner distolateral spines on most non ovicelled zooids. Ovicell hyperstomial, globular, smooth with a dozen scattered pores.zyxwvutsrqponmlk Measurements: Lz= 0.28-0.44 mm. Iz= 0.12-0.20 mm. Lo= 0.14-0.22 mm. 10=0.08-0.12 mm. hov= 0.10-0.12 mm. lov=0.10-0.14 mm. Occurrence: In friable samples no. 17, 18 (27-30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay. Habitat: New Zealand, British Colombia, U.S.A., Japan, China, South Australia, & Victoria, New South Wales, Venice (Osburn, 1950; Gordon, 1986; Gordonzyxwvutsrqponm Mawatari, 1992). Remark: This spiecemen differs from that of (Gordon, 1986) that it has one or two avicularia on its ovicell (terminal, small, with short rostrum, triangle or elongate). Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED Canda Lamouroux, 1816 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux, 1816 (PI. 2, Fig. 5) 1816 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: 131. 1943 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: Hastings: 364. 1972 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: Uttley & Bullivant: 30. 1986 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: Gordon: 63, pI. 22, F; 23, A. 2001 Canda arachnoids Lamouroux: EI-Sorogy,Abd EI-Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 62, pI. 3, figs. 3, 4. Lz= 0.31-0.34 mm. Iz=0.16-0.20 mm. 10=0.09-0.10mm. ho=0.13-0.14 mm. Occurrence: In friable sample no. 17 (27m depth). Southern Safaga Bay. Habitat: New Zealand, Australia, Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea, Egypt). Measurements: Canda pecten scutata Harmer, 1926 (PI. 2, Fig. 7) 1926 Canda pecten scutata Harmer: 389. 1984 Canda pecten scutata Gordon: 50, pI. 13/ D, E. Description: zoarium erect, originally biserial, but easily split into two parts along mid-long axis. Therefore they appear as uniserial zoarium. Zooecia facing obliquely outward. Zooecia elongate, hexagonal to rectangular. Zooecium wide proximally and narrow distally. Frontal smooth, narrow. Opesia large, elliptical, occupying more than half of the zooecial length. Mural rim thin, a little salient. Opesia surrounded by three spines, two at the two sides of the opesia and one at the inner median side. Avicularia occurring in the distolateral part of the zooecia. Ovicell not preserved. Measurements: Lz= 0.3-0.33 mm. Iz= 0.17-0.19 mm. ho= 0.16-0.18 mm. 10=0.08-0.10 mm. 208 EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvu Occurrence: In friable sample no. 18 (30 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay. Family: Epistomiidae Greqory, 1903 Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG Synnotum Pieper, 1881 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouln, 1826) (PI. 2, fig. 6) Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 209zyxwvutsrqp 1826 Loricaria aegyptiaca Audouin: 243. 1926 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin): Harmer: 398, pI. 27, figs. 3-4. 1953 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin): Bassler: 184, fig. 140, 2. 1984 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin): Gordon: 43, pI. 10, fig. E, F. 1988 Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin): Zabala & Maluquer: 100, fig. 171. 1991 Synnotum aegyptiacum Audouin: Scholz: 283, pI. 5, fig. 1.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba Colony erect, branching, articulated, supported by rootlets, arranged in single pairs constitute internode, with uncalcified [oints. Each zooid of a pair facing laterally with a membrane covering the whole frontal area. Walls smooth, avicularia one adjacent to the orifice and the other sessile in the same basal position (not seen because of the bad preservation of the sample). Measurements: Lz= 0.50 mm. Iz= 0.20 mm. ho= 0.16 mm. Occurrence: In friable sample no. 21 (beach sediments). southern Safaga Bay. Habitat: Three Kings Island, Victoria, New South Wales, Indonesia, Timor, Singapore, Japan, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Brazil, USA. Depth 95-210 m (Gordon, 1984). Description: Family: Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909 Genus: Hippopodina Levinsen, 1909 Hippopodina feegensis (Busk, 1884) (PI. 3, Figs. 1, 2, 3) 1884 Lepralia feegensis Busk: 144, pI. 20, fig. 9. 1909 Hippopodina feegensis Busk: Levinsen: 353, pI. 24, fig. 3/ a-f. 1923 Hippopodina feegensis (Busk): Canu & Bassler: 163, fig. 29A. & Bassler: 276, pI. 28, fig. 7. 1929 Cosciniopsis feegensis (Macgillivray): CanuzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO 1953 Hippopodina feegensis (Busk): Bassler: 196, fig. 147/2. 1991 Hippopodina feegensis (Busk): Scholz: 305, pI. 13, fig. 3. Description: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, inflated, large (very wide), diameter may up to more than 20 mm. zooecia arranged in longitudinal parallel rows. Zooecia with thin wall, distinct, separated from each other by furrows, more or less rectangular and elongated. Frontal wall weakly arched or a little convex, with small round tremopores or ornamented by granulation. Aperture large, elliptical, with two Explanation of Plate 2 Fig. 1: Scrupocellaria elliptica (Reuss, 1848).General view of erect, free zoarium. 2: Tricellaria monotrypa (Busk, 1852). General view of erect zoarium showing three zooids at internodes. 3, 4: Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask, 1857). 3. Frontal view of erect zoarium. 4. Enlarged view of zoarium showing bifid spine. 5: Canda arachenoides lmouroux, 1816. General view of erect zoarium. 6: Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin, 1826).General view of erect zoarium. 7: Canda pecten scutata Harmer, 1926. General view of erect zoarium. (Bar scale = 2501-1) EL-Sorogy et al. 210 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA triangular cardless, covered, which provided the chitinious marginal ridge; separate a large anter from the small poster. Peristome thin and little salient. Avicularia present, it may be one or two on both sides of the aperture, it occurs distally to the aperture, triangular, vary in length, the longest with mandible. Beak usually pointed toward the median axis of the zooecia. Ovicell hyperstomial, highly inflated, large, PI. 3 5 Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 211 closed with porous operculum like the frontal. Measurements: Occurrence: Lz= 0.94-1.13 mm. Iz= 0.56-0.94 mm. 10=0.25-0.38 mm. ho= 0.25-0.31 mm. hov=0.75 mm. lov=0.813 mm. Encrusting on dead shells and pipes. Habitat: St. Thomas, Singapore (Levinsen, 1909); Philippine Region, Nichol Bay, Northwestern Australia (Canu & Bassler, 1929); New Zealand, S. Pacific (Bassler, 1953). Range: Eocene-Recent (Bassler, 1953). Family: Schizoporellidae Jullien, 1903 Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED Schizoporella Hincks, 1877 Schizoporella violacea Canu & Bassler, 1930 (PI. 3, Figs. 4, 5) 1930 Shizoporella violacea Canu & Bassler: 40, pI. 4, figs. 1-14. Description: Zoarium encrusting, multilamellar, wide. Zooecium convex, distinct, semi rectangular, separated from each other by deep threads represented as fine areolar pores, surrounding each zooecium. Frontal wall perforated by true coarse tremopores, of more than 12 pairs. Aperture semicircular, with large sinus and two large rounded cardless. Large avicularia present at one side of the zooecium. Avicularia have different shapes of mandibles, may be straight, little curved, long, short and triangular with closed channel. Opesia of avicularia small, semicircular with pivot. Iz=0.48-0.60 mm. Measurements: Lz= 0.60-0.84 mm. 10=0.16-0.20 mm. ho= 0.16-0.20 mm. lav= 0.28 mm Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells. Southern Safaga Bay. Habitat: Recent, Tunisia. Depth (4-30 m). Family: Microporellidae Hincks, 1880 Genus: Microporella Hincks, 1877 Microporella ciliata ( Pallas, 1966) (PI. 3, Fig. 6) 1766 Eschara ciliata Pallas: 38. 1953 Microporella (Microporella) ciliata (Pallas): Bassler: 207, fig. 155/9. Explanation of Plate 3 Fig. 1, 2, 3: Hippopodina feegensis (Busk, 1884) 1. General view of encrusting zoarium. 2. General view of zoarium showing very large hyperstomial ovicell. 3. Enlarged view of zoarium showing single avicularium. 4,5: Schizoporella violaeca Canu & Bassler, 1930 4. General view of encrusting zoarium. 5. Enlarged view of zoarium showing large avicularia. 6: Microporella ciliata Linnaeus, 1759. General view of encrusting zoarium. (Bar scale = 500J,J) EL-Sorogy et al,zyxwvuts 212 1979 Microporeela ciliata (Pallas): Hayward & Ryland: 222, fig. 95zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba 1988 Microporeela ciliata (Pallas): Moissette: 150, pI. 24. figs. 7-9. 1996 Microporelfa (Microporelfa) ciliata (Pallas): Ziko: 136, figs. 4-6. 2002 Microporelfa (Microporelfa) ciliata: EI-Safori: 446. (For more synonomy see Ziko 1996)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONML Iz= 0.24-0.30 mm Measurements: Lz= 0.25-0.44 mm la= 0.08-0.10 mm La= 0.04-0.06 mm lov=0.16-0.2 mm. hov= 0.14-0.16 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells. Southern Safaga bay. Distribution: In Egypt Miocene of the western side of the Gulf of Suez. Pleistocene of the Red Sea coast. Miocene of Austria, CSSR, Germany, Portugal, Italy, Morocco, New Zealand, USA, Algeria. Pliocene of England, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Rhodes, Tunisia, Algeria, New Zealand. Pleistocene of Italy, USA (Ziko, 1996). Habitat: Recent, cosmopolitan (80zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ 0 N-700 S), depth range 0-660 m in the Mediterranean, optimum depth more than 100 m and low rate of sedimentation (Ziko & EI-Sorogy, 1995; Ziko, 1996). Range: Miocene-Recent. Family: Smittinidae Levisen, 1909 Genus: Schizosmittina Vig., 1949 Schizosmittina safagaensis n. sp. (PI. 4, Fig. 1) Etymology: This species is named after its locus typicus as it has been found in Safaga area. Description: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, zooecia arranged in irregular manner. Zooecia distinct, separated from each other by fine threads. Each zooecium surrounded by 5-6 pairs of small-very large areola which reach 0.05 mm in length. Frontal ornamented with fine-medium granulations. Orifice almost rounded with deep sinus, surrounded by salient peristome, which sometimes make a neck-like structure and in this case the sinus disappears. One spine occurs distally to the orifice. Avicularia present in two types, the first is medium in size and occurs to the left of the orifices, triangular, with pointed rostrum; the second is large, very long, median, a little to the left of the orifice, with curved and very long rostrum. Ovicell recumbent, almost small to medium sized. Measurements: Lz=0.30-0.42 mm. Iz=0.20-0.26 mm. ho=0.08-0.10 mm. 10=0.08-0.10mm. Lav=0.12-0.16 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on shells. Genus: Smittina Norman, 1903 Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838 (PI. 4, Figs. 2, 3) Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 213zyxwvutsrqp & Bassler): 143, pI. 22, figs. 7-14 1923 Smittina trispinosa Johnston (CanuzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJI 1929 Smittina trispinosa Johnston: Canu & Bassler: 340, pI. 41, figs. 1-3. 2001 Smittina trispinosa Johnston: EI-Sorogy, Abd EI-Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 70, pI. 5, fig. 1.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Iz= 0.36-0.43 mm. Measurements: Lz= 0.46-0.64 mm. 10=0.15 mm. ho= 0.15 mm. lav= 0.1 mm. Lav=0.38-0.39 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells, other bryozoans and pipes. Habitat: Philippine region, Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), coarse sand with shells, depth 23-88 fathoms (Canu & Bassler, 1929; EI-Sorogy et ai, 2001). Smittina avicularis n. sp. (PI. 4, Figs. 4, 5; PI. 5, Fig. 1) Etymology: This species is named because of its great variety in avicularian shapes and positions. Description: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, thick, arranged in alternating longitudinal rows, making a costule in between; reaching the median axis of the zooecium. Zooecia distinct, rectangular-fusiform. Each zooecium surrounded by 78 pairs of areola, of median to large size; make a salient thin thread. Frontal wall granulated with thick granulations. Aperture rounded to semirounded, with welldeveloped Iyrula and two small rounded cradles proximally to the aperture. Aperture surrounded by thick peristome. Two spines occur distally to the peristome, not prominent. Avicularia adventitious, vary in size, positions and directions; it may be small in size, medium or large. It may be also directed in all directions, upward or downward, it may be located at the frontal part of the ovicell, it may also have one or two proximal or lateral avicularia. Ovicell hyperstomial, globular, semirounded, granulated, of two layers; the outer one is solid and the inner one is perforated. Iz=0.33 0.42 mm. Measurements: Lz= 0.50-0.67 mm. 10=0.13-0.16mm. ho= 0.13-0.15 mm. Occurrence: Ovicelled zooecium reach 0.83 mm. Encrusting on dead shells and other bryozoans. Southern Safaga Bay. Remarks: This species differs from Smittina rosacea (Gordon, 1984) in having types of avicularia. Etymology: Smittina regularis n. sp. (PI. 5, Figs. 2, 3) This species is named after its very regular arrangement of the zooecia. Decription: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, zooecia arranged in very regular alternating longitudinal rows. Zooecia longitudinally, distinct, rectangular, very regular. Zooecia separated from each other by fine threads represented by areolar pores, which exhibited 7-8 areola on each side. Frontal wall granulated by fine to EL-Sorogy et al. 214 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA medium granulations. Aperture semi-rounded with Iyrula proximal to the orbicular aperture. Avicularia single, very small, on one side, with pivot; and very short spatulated rostrum. Ovicell not seen in tile specimen.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWV Measurements: Lz= 0.48-0.75 mm. Iz= 0.28-0.40 mm. ho= 0.1-0.13 mm. 10=0.15-0.13 mm. PI.4 1 5 Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 215zyxwvutsrqp Occurrence: Encrusting on shells, pipes and in rubbish. Remarks: this species differs fromzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG Smittina trispinosa (Canu & Bassler, 1929) in that it has no spines distally to the aperture. Genus: Parasmittina Osburn, 1952 Parasmittina delicatula (Busk, 1884) (PI. 5, Fig. 4, 5) 1884 Mucronel/a delicatula Busk: 156. 1929 Smittina unispinosa (Busk): Livingstone: 90. 1973 Parasmittina delicatula (Busk): Soule & Soule: 401. 1984 Parasmittina delicatula ( Busk): Gordon: 95, pI. 35, A. 2001 Parasmittina delicatula (Busk): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI-vyahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 69, pI. 5, fig. 5. Measurements: Lz = 0.48-0.83 mm. ho=0.13-0.17 mm Iz = 0.30- 0.43 mm. 10=0.13-0.17 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells or other bryozoans, Southern Safaga Bay. Distribution: Three kings Island, Hauraki Gulf, Wanganui (Upper PlioceneRecent), Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), Cook Strait; Also Victoria, New South Wales, Hawaii, Japan, New Zealand (Gordon, 1984; EI-Sorogy et al., 2001). Habitat: Encrusted on boulders and pebbles; mollusks, coral fragment. Depth 104106 m. (Gordon, 1984). Range: Upper Pliocene-Recent. Family: Margarettidae Harmer, 1956 Genus: Margaretta Gray, 1848 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (PI. 6, Figs. 1, 2) 1786 Gel/aria cereoides Ellis & Solander: 26, pI. 5, figs. B-E 1974 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): David & Pouyet: 169, pI. 10, fig. 7. 1988 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): Moissette: 165, pI. 26, fig.5. 1991 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): Schmid: 406, pI. 2,fig.5. 1996 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Selander): Ziko: 136, fig. 4/5. 2000 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1486, pI. 5, fig. 5. 2002 Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander): EI Safori: 450, pI. 7, fig. 6. Explanation of Plate 4 Fig. 1: Schizosmittina safagaensis n. sp. Enlarged view of zoarium showing neck-like peristome 2,3,4: Smittina trispinosa Johnston, 1838 2. General view of zoarium. 3. Enlarged view of zoarium showing large avicularium. 4. Enlarged view of zoarium showing two spines and large avicularium. 5, 6: Smittina avicularis n.sp. 5. General view of zoarium showing different sizes of avicularia. 6. Enlarged view of zoarium showing different positions of avicularia. (Bar scale = 5001-!) 216 EL-Sorogy et al. (For more synonomy see ZikozyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFE et al. 2000)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO Iz= 0.19-0.31 mm. Lz= 0.53-0.82 mm. la= 0.06-0.08 mm. ha= 0.06-0.08 mm. Occurrence: Friable samples no. 14, 17 & 23 (6.2-27 m depth). Southern Safaga Measurments: Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 217 Bay. Distribution: In Egypt Middle Miocene, Post Pliocene and Pleistocene. Eocene of Paris Basin, Spain and Italy. Oligocene of Germany, Italy, Poland, Rumania, CSSR; Miocene of France, Poland, Rumania, CSSR; Pliocene of Italy, North America, Central America and Vienna (EI-SorogyzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIH et al., 2001). Habitat: Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Pacific, Red Sea. In Atlantic, only in Tropical and subtropical regions. Mostly distributed in the shallow sublittoral waters from 10-45 m (EI-Sorogy et al., 2001). Range: Eocene - Recent Family: Reteporidae Smitt, 1867 Genus: lodictyum Harmer, 1933 lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss, 1848) (PI. 6, Figs. 3, 4) 1848 Retepora rubeschi Reuss: 48, p1.6,figs. 35-37 1989 lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss): Schmid: 54, pI. 16, figs.1-5. 1996 lodictyum rubes chi (Reuss): Ziko: 139, fig. 5/2-3. 2000 lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss): Ziko, EI-Sorogy, Zalat, Eweda & Saber: 1487, pI. 5, fig. 8. 2001 lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI-Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 71, pI. 5, figs. 2, 3. (For more synonomy see EI-Sorogy et al., 2001) Measurments: Lz= 0.31-0.36 mm. Iz= 0.20-0.24 mm ho= 0.17-0.19 mm. 10=0.08-0.11 mm. Occurrence: Friable sample no. 17 (27 m depth). Southern Safaga Bay Distribution: Miocene of Cairo-Suez, western side of the Gulf of Suez, East central Sinai. Miocene of Austria, France (Vrav, 1977; Schmid, 1989 and Ziko et al., 1992). Habitat: Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), depth 0-15 m. Range: Miocene-Recent Family: Watersiporidae Vigneaux, 1949 Genus: Watersipora Neviani, 1895 Watersipora subtorquata (d Orbigny, 1842) (PI. 6, Figs. 5, 6) 1842 Escharina torquata d'Orbigny: pI. 4, fig. 3. 1905 Celiepora subtorquata d'Orbigny: Waters: 6. Explanation of Plate 5 Fig. n. sp. General view of zorlum showing crowded zooecia with avicularia 1~ Smittina svtcuteriszyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA with different positions. 2, 3: Smittina regularis n. sp. 2. General view of zoarium showing regular arrangement of zooecia. 3; Enlarged view of zooecia show small avicularium and Iyrula. 4,5: Par<Jsmittinadeticetule (Suski ~884) 4. General view of zoarium,showing intrazooecial avtcutartum. 5. Enlarge9 view of zooecia showing large avicularium. (Bar scale = 500~) EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvu 218 1985 Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny): Soule & Soule: 295. 1989 Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny): Gordon: 40, pI. 20: 8-H. 1992 Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny): Gordon & Mawatari: 30, pI. 1, d, pI. 3, e,zyxwvut d. 2001 Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI Wahab, Ziko & EI Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 219 Dera: 71, pI. 5, fig. 4.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC Iz= 0.44-0.90 mm. Measurements: Lz= 0.78- 1.10 mm. 10=0.22-0.28 mm. ho= 0.22-0.28 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on rocks. Habitat: Red Sea, New Zealand, Gulf of Aqaba, Brazil, Bermuda, West Indies, Japan, Great Barrier Reef in Australia (EI-SorogyzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQP et al., 2001), Cape Verde Island, Torres strait (Gordon, 1989; Gordon & Mawatari, 1992). Family: Celleporidae Busk, 1852 Genus: Holoporella Waters, 1909 Holoporella polythele Reuss, 1848 (PI. 6, Fig. 7) 1848 Cellepora polythele Reuss: 77, pI. 9, fig. 18. 1883 Cellepora polythele (Reuss): Fusch: 33, pI. 19, figs. 1zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUT & 2. 1965 Holoporella polythele (Reuss): Souaya: 1141, pI. 139, figs. 1 & 2. 1996 Holoporella polythele (Reuss): Ziko: 139, fig. 5/4, 5. 2001 Holoporella polythele (Reuss): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 74, pI. 6, fig. 6. (For more synonomy see EI-Sorogy et al., 2001) Measurements: Lz=0.25-0.53 mm Iz=0.26-0.54 mm. ho=0.12-0.26 mm. 10=0.12-0.26 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on shells, rocks & other bryozoans. Distribution: Middle Miocene of Egypt. and Hungary (Ziko, 1996; Li, 1990). Miocene of Italy, Austria, CSSR, France Habitat: Mediterranean, optimum depth 10-20 m (Ziko, 1996). Range: Miocene-Recent. Holoporella avicularis Canu & Bassler, 1929 (PI. 7, Figs. 1, 2, 3) 1912 Holoporella avicularis (Hincks): Canu: 220, pI. 12, fig. 11. 2001 Holoporella avicularis (Hincks): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 73, pI. 6, fig. 5. Explanation of Plate 6 Fig. 1, 2: Margaretta cereoides (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 1. General view of erect zoarium. 2. General view of another erect zoarium. 3, 4: lodictyum rubeschi (Reuss, 1848) 3. General view of the zoarium. 4. Enlarged view showing alternating longitudinal rows of zooecia. 5,6: Watersipora subtorquata d Orbigny, 1842 5. General view of encrusting zoarium. 6. Enlarged view showing curling edges. 7: Ho/opore/la polythele Reuss, 1848.General view of encrusting zoarium. (Bar scale = 500jJ) 220 'EL-Sorogy et al.zyxwvu Lz=0.36-0.41 mm. Iz= 0.34-0.41 mm. ho=0.12-0.15 mm. 10=0.17-0.18mm. Diameter of the zooecium: 0.34-0.41 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells. Distribution: Miocene of Mersa Matruh, Egypt. Habitat: Arctic, Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea & Gulf of Aqaba (EI·Sorogyzyxwvutsrqp 8 1 zyxwvutsrqp al., Measurements: Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 221 2001 ). Family: Celleporariidae Harmer, 1957 Genus:zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC Celleporaria Lamouroux, 1821 Celleporaria sp. (PI. 8, fig. 6) Description: Zoarium encrusting, unilamellar. Zooecia arranged randomly, separated from each other by very fine deep threads. Zooecia distinct, erect, ovalrectangular, surrounded by 4-5 pairs of small-medium areola. Frontal of fine to medium granulations. Aperure terminal, orbicular, semirounded, surrounded by thick peristome, raising up distally to the orifice making an umbo-like. Pairs of avicularia present, very small, triangular, with short rostrum. Measurements: Lz= 0.43-0.67 mm. ho= 0.12-0.13 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on molluscan shells. Iz= 0.37-0.43 mm. 10=0.18-0.21mm. Genus: Celleporina Gray, 1848 Celleporina tubulata (Uttley & Bullivant, 1972) (PI. 7, Figs. 4, 5) 1972 Haswellina tubulata Uttley & Bullivant: 35. 1989 Celleporina tubulata (Uttley & Bullivant): Gordon: 71, pI. 40, B-D. 2001 Celleporina tubulata (Uttley & Bullivant): EI-Sorogy, Abd EI Wahab, Ziko & EI Dera: 76, pI. 6, fig. 3. Measurements: Lz= 0.50-0.64 mm. Iz=0.35-0.50 mm. ho= 0.20 mm. 10=0.15-0.20 mm. Occurrence: Encrusting on dead shells, Southern Safaga Bay. Habitat: New Zealand region, Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), depth 69-205 m (EI-Sorogy et al., 2001). Celleporina abbassi n. sp (PI. 8, Figs. 1, 2) Etymology: This species is named in the honor of the great Professor Hussein Lotty Abbass, Prof. of Paleontology, Geology Department., Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University. Description: zoarium encrusting, unilamellar, thick, crowded. Zooecia distinct, erect, frontal smooth, arranged in irregular manner. Zooeia surrounded by 4-6 pairs of large areola. Orifice semirounded, large, width about twice as long; frontal Explanation of Plate 7 Fig. 1, 2, 3: Holoporella avicularis Canu & Bassler, 1929 1. General view of encrusting zoarium. 2. Enlarged view of zoarium showing elongated intrazooecial avicularium. 3. Enlarged view of zooecium showing high oeristome. 4, 5: Celleporina tubulata (Uttley & Bullivant, 1972) 4. General view of encrusting zoarium. 5. Enlarged view showing avicularium and two small spines. (Bar scale = 5001-1) EL-Sorogy et al. 222 reduced because of the peristome, which is became high making umbo-like. Avicularia when present take place within the top of the peristome. Ovicell hyperstomial, cap-like, with fine granulations.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO Iz=0.32-0.42 mm.zyxwvutsrqponmlkji Measurements: Lz= 0.45-0.55 mm. 5 6 Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay ho=0.11-0.15 mm. Occurrence: Safaga Bay. Encrusting 223 10=0.22-0.25 mm. on dead shells or other bryozoans and rocks, Southern Remarks: This species differs fromzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLK Celleporina costazii (Gordon, 1984) in the shape of the ovicell and having no side avicularia. Family: Savignyellidae Levinsen, 1909 Genus: Savignyella Levinsen, 1909 Savignyella lafontii (Audouin, 1826) (PI. 8, Figs. 3, 4, 5) 1826 Eucratea lafontii Audouin: 242 1953 Savignyella lafontii (Audouin): Bassler: 224, fig. 168/1, a, b. 1991 Savignyella lafontii (Audouin): Scholz: 291, pI. 8, fig. 1. Description: Zoaria erect, branched, chain like, jointed, segmented, each segment consists of one zooecium. Zooecia elongate, wide in the upper portion became narrow at the rest of the zooecium, slightly calcified, with frontal surface, numerous scattered pores. It is separated from the basal surface by more or less sharp boundary line. The distal wall has a number of septulae on its periphery. The aperture more or less rounded and surrounded with three or more spines, with concave poster and with no sinus. Ovicell recumbent, when present and proximally distal avicularium, not seen on the present specimen. Measurements: Lz = 0.80-1.31 mm Iz = 0.25-0.375 mm Occurrence: Friable sample no. 22 (1 m depth) and pipes, Southern Safaga Bay, Red Sea (Egypt). Habitat: North Atlantic, Philippine region. Depth 20 (Scholz, 1991). Range: Eocene-Recent. ECOLOGICAL and BIOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS The present ecological study is based on the study of the relationship between zoarial growth forms and the environmental conditions as well as the habits and habitats of the species. Zoarial growth forms: (Table 2) The environmental parameters affect the relative distribution of the different colonial growth types of bryozoa (Stach 1936, LagaaijzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTS & Gautier, 1965 and Schopf, 1969). The studied bryozoan species classified according to their zoarial growth forms include encrusting and erect forms. Explanation of Plate 8 Fig. 1, 2: Cel/eporina abbassi n. sp. 1. General view of encrusting zoarium 2. Enlarged view showing ovicell and high peristome. 3, 4, 5: Savignyel/a lafontii (Audouin, 1826) 3. General view of erect zoarium. 4. Enlarged view showing both wide and narrow portions of the zoarium. 5. Another enlarged view showing perforated frontal and spines. 6: Cel/eporaria sp. General view of encrusting zoarium. (Bar scale = 5001.1) 2 2 4 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA EL-Sorogy et al. Erect EncrustzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQP Table 2: Zoarial growth form of the studied bryofauna E .E .;:: l- E I- E I- o g g c o ~ .9:- ~ l- .e E (!) ~ .;:: a. ~ a; o ::J U C s 1- Encrusting zoarial growth form: It represents 57% of the whole studied bryofauna. Among the encrusting species, two zoarial growth forms are present: Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 225zyxwvutsrq Membraniporiform: It forms unilamellar colonies, well represented in littoral and sublittoral environment with low rate of sedimentation « 10 cm/1000 year) and moderate hydrodynamics of (30 - 80 cm/sec). 11 identified species belong to this form representing 39% of the studied assemblage. Celliporiform: It forms massive and muttllamellar colonies, chiefly distributed in littoral and sublittoral zones (30 m is the optimum depth), with low rate of sedimentation and moderate water turbulence. Five species belong to this type of forms representing 18% of the studied assemblage. For both types, the most important environmental controlling factor is the availability of substratum. In the study area the cobbles and boulders of igneous nature, cement pipes, chips fractures and fragments of shells and corals offered the available substrate for most of the encrusting bryozoans. 2- Erect zoarial growth form: The erect forms are those colonies attached only by their bases to hard substratum, while the rest of colony grows free from it. It represents 44% of the studied bryofauna. Most of the encountered free species from rigid colonies. Among the erect species, three zoarial growth forms are present: Vinculariiform: Zoarium erect, rigid, dichotomous subcylindrical branches, firmly attached to a solid substratum by a calcareous base. This form is adapted for deep or sheltered waters where wave and currents «20cm/sec) are inactive and the rate of sedimentation is low. 7 species are found belonging to this form and they represent 25% of the studied assemblage. Cellariiform: Zoarium erect, flexible articulated in cylindrical internodes, which consist of numerous zooecia and are attached to substrate by rootlets. This form is adapted for living in the littoral zone where algae usually constitute the base of attachment. Water currents and high rate of sedimentation (>100zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSR cm/103 years) is overcommed by the articulation of the long narrow internods. Among the studied bryofauna 3 species belong to this type of forms and they represent 11% of the whole assemblage. Caten icelliform: Zoarium erect, articulated. 2 species belong to this form and they represent 7% of the whole assemblage. Biogeography: Of the 28 Recent bryozoans identified from the Southern Safaga bay, 14 of them live in the Pacific Ocean, 11 in the Red Sea, 8 in the Atlantic Ocean, 7 in the Mediterranean Sea, 2 in the Indian Ocean, 2 in the Arctic Ocean and 1 in the Adriatic Sea (Table 3). Eight of the identified species are previously recorded from occurrences in Egypt: from the north of the Western Desert, the western side of the Gulf of Suez. EL-Sorogy et al. 226 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA the Cairo-Suez district, Mersa Matruh and Red Sea Coast. The previously identified species were recorded from different geological ages beginning from the Late Eocene up to the Miocene, Pliocene and ending with the Pleistocene (Table 4).zyxwvutsrqp Biogeographyzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba Table s:: ca CI) s:: ca Biogeographic distribution of the studied bryozoans. 3: ...... CI) :!:: "C CJ :;::; ... CJ « CI) CJ ca ca III :;::; ';: "C « CI) "C CI) a: CJ ;;::: 'uca c.. c ,!!! "C s:: - CJ :;::; s:: ca ;; « ::zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUT Membranipora severtii X X X Membranipora nobilis X X Hippopodina feegensis Schizoporella violacea X Microporella ciliata X X Schizosmittina safagaensis X Smittina trispinosa X Smitina avicularis X Smittina regularis X Parasmittina delicatula Watersipora subtorquata x x Holloporela avicularis x Celleporaria sp. x x Celleporina tubulata x Celleporina abbassi x x x x Tricellaria monotrypa x x x x x x x x Canda arachnoides x x Canda pecten scutata x x lodictyum rubeschi x x x x x x x Crisia homesi Nellia tenella x Margaretta cereoides Synnotum aegyptiacum x Savignyella lafontii x x x Filisparsa rugosa Tricellaria occidentalis X X Holloporella polythele Scrupocellaria elliptica X x x x x Recent Bryozoans from southern Safaga Bay 227zyxwvutsrqp Stratigraphic range Table 4: The stratigraphic ranges of the studied bryofauna Membranipora savartii Q) Q) Q) o Q) 0 W .2' c::: o - Q) 0 - c::: Q) c::: zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXW Q) c::: c::: -a:: 1/1 'iii (5 J: zyxwvutsr - - - - - - - - - 0 5 - - - Q) .2 c ~ Membranipora nobilis Hippopodina feegensis Q) c::: Q) Q) () a:: o Q) 0 c 0 - Schizoporella violacea Microporella ciliata - Smittina trispinosa - Parasmittina delicatula Watersipora subtorquata - - - Holloporella polythele - Holloporela avicularis - - - - - - Celleporina tubulata - Filisparsa ruqose Scrupocellaria elliptica - - - - - - Tricellaria monotrypa - Tricellaria occidentalis - Canda arachnoides - Canda pecten scutata - lodictyum rubeschi - - - - - - Crisia hornesi - - - - - - Nellia tenella - - - - - - Margaretta cereoides Synnotum aegyptiacum I - - - - - - - - - Savignyella lafontiizyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA REFERENCES Abbass, H. 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