Mesopristes iravi, a new terapontid fish (Perciformes: Terapontidae) from rivers of Iriomote Island, the Ryukyu Islands Tetsuo Yoshino1*, Hidenori Yoshigou2, and Hiroshi Senou3 1 Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan (e-mail: b985005@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp) 2 Chugai-Technos Co. Ltd., 10–21 Yokogawa-shinmachi, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima 733-0013, Japan (e-mail: 445hy@nyc.odn.ne.jp) 3 Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan (e-mail: senou@pat-net.ne.jp) Received: August 6, 2001 / Revised: February 24, 2002 / Accepted: March 7, 2002 Ichthyological Research ©The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2002 Ichthyol Res (2002) 49: 234–239 Abstract A new terapontid fish, Mesopristes iravi, is described based on 13 specimens collected on Iriomote Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. This species closely resembles M. argenteus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829) in having dark stripes on the body, but differs from that species in retaining the stripes even in adults (vs. stripes disappearing ontogenetically in the latter species), having the median stripe passing through the eye interrupted on the postorbital region (vs. continuous when the stripe present), a shorter fifth (longest) dorsal spine (14.6–19.7% SL vs. 18.0–22.2% SL), and a longer postorbital length (40.0–43.0% HL vs. 37.8–40.7% HL). Mesopristes iravi has been confused with M. argenteus in previous reports, and on the basis of the literature it may extend from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, southward to Borneo, Indonesia, and New Guinea. Key words Terapontidae · Mesopristes iravi · New species · Ryukyu Islands T he terapontid genus Mesopristes Bleeker was reviewed by Vari (1978, 1992), and consists of the following four species: M. argenteus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829), M. cancellatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829), M. elongatus (Guichenot, 1866), and M. kneri (Bleeker, 1873). However, an additional species of unknown taxonomic status has been reported from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Yoshino, 1984; Senou, 1989, 1993). Careful comparison of samples of the genus from the Ryukyu Islands revealed the presence of an undescribed species. That species is described herein based on 13 specimens collected from Iriomote Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and compared to other species. Counts and measurements generally follow Hubbs and Lagler (1964) with some modifications by Vari (1978). Terminology of the supraneural bones follows Mabee (1988) and the formula, Ahlstrom et al. (1976). Vertebrae and supraneural bones were counted from radiographs. Sex was confirmed by dissection of the right side. Standard length, total length, and head length are expressed as SL, TL, and HL, respectively. Institutional abbreviations follow Eschmeyer (1998). Mesopristes iravi sp. nov. (Japanese name: shimizu-shimaisaki) (Figs. 1A, 2A) Mesopristes argenteus (not of Cuvier); Vari, 1978: 270–273, figs. 58–60 (review, in part, juvenile specimen of fig. 58); Allen, 1991: 127, pl. XI- 14 (New Guinea, in part, figured juvenile specimen of pl. XI-14); Kottelat et al., 1993: 107, pl. 52 (Indonesia, in part, juvenile specimen of pl. 52). Mesopristes sp. Yoshino, 1984: 174, pl. 163-F (Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.); Senou, 1989: 528–529 (Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., not specimen figured in upper left of p. 529); Senou, 1993: 648 and 1315 (illustrated key, new Japanese name). Holotype. URM-P 31874, male, 194.7 mm SL, Urauchi-gawa River (24°21⬘27⬙ N, 123°47⬘34⬙ E), Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., 5 May 1994, collected by H. Mochizuki and M. Sekine. Paratypes. URM-P 4287, 1 specimen (cleared and stained), 154.4 mm SL, Urauchi-gawa River, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., Aug. 1977; URM-P 7558, 1 specimen (male), 200.5 mm SL, Urauchi-gawa River, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., 5 July 1983; URM-P 30152, 1 specimen (male), 171.6 mm SL, Urauchi-gawa River, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., 7 Aug. 1993; URM-P 32190, 1 specimen, 47.2 mm SL, Nakama-gawa River, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., 30 July 1994; URM-P 32314, 1 specimen, 47.3 mm SL, Urauchi-gawa River, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., 19 Aug. 1985; URM-P 38654–38655, 2 specimens (female and male), 210.8 and 223.1 mm SL, Urauchi-gawa River, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., 8 Nov. 1996; YCM-SSP 10056, 4 specimens, 36.6–48.5 mm SL, Nakama-gawa River, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., 17 July 1980; KPM-NI 2004, 1 specimen, 25.6 mm SL, Nakama-gawa River, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is., 1 Nov. 1994. Diagnosis. A species of Mesopristes by having the following combination of characters: 8 scale rows above the lateral line to the middorsal spines, 7–8 scale rows on the cheek, the interspace between the nostrils wider than one and one-half the diameter of the posterior nostril, four dark longitudinal body stripes even in adults, an interruption of New terapontid fish from Japan 235 Fig. 1. Adult specimens of (A) Mesopristes iravi sp. nov., URM-P 31874 (holotype), 194.7 mm SL; (B) M. argenteus, URM-P 29642, 241.8 mm SL the postorbital stripe on heads at the posterior preopercular margin, the length of the longest dorsal spine (5th) 14.6– 19.7% SL, and postorbital length 40.0–43.0% HL. Description. Counts and proportional measurements as percentages of SL of the holotype and paratypes are given in Table 1. Data for the holotype are given first, followed by those for paratypes in parentheses if different. Body deep, moderately compressed; body depth (distance from origin of dorsal fin to insertion of pelvic fin) 2.7 (2.7– 2.9) in SL. Dorsal profile of body straight to nape, then convex to dorsal fin origin (almost straight from tip of snout to dorsal fin origin in juveniles); ventral profile of body slightly convex from tip of lower jaw to insertion of pelvic fin, straight from that point to anus (almost straight from tip of lower jaw to anus in juveniles). Upper jaw slightly longer than lower jaw, gape almost horizontal. Lips, particularly upper, fleshy. Snout elongate, length 2.6 (2.6–3.2) in HL. Maxilla reaching to vertical through above between posterior nostril and anterior edge of eye. Teeth on jaws in villiform bands, outer row distinctly enlarged; no teeth on vomer and palatines. Nostrils separated from each other by distance equal to that between posterior nostril and eye, and wider than one and one-half diameters of posterior nostril. Eye elliptical, slightly elongate horizontally. Interorbital region slightly convex. Lacrimal serrated. Preopercle serrated; serrations larger on angle and posterior edge (serrations 236 Fig. 2. Juvenile specimens of (A) Mesopristes iravi sp. nov., URM-P 32190 (paratype), 47.2 mm SL; (B) M. argenteus, URM-P 32086, 58.5 mm SL more pronounced in juveniles). Opercle with two flat spines; lower stronger and longer, but not extending beyond opercular lobe. Posttemporal exposed, with serrations along posterior margin. Cleithrum exposed, with posterior margin serrated. Supracleithrum exposed. Supraneural formula 0 ⫹ 0/0 ⫹ 2/(0 ⫹ 0 ⫹ 0/2/ in one paratype). Margin of spinous dorsal fin arched, with strong spines; first spine very short, fourth to sixth spines subequal with fifth spine longest, following spines decreasing in length to penultimate spine, subequal to ultimate spine. Longest dorsal spine slightly shorter than longest (1st) dorsal soft ray (slightly longer in one juvenile). Second anal spine longest and strongest; length about twice that of first spine, and shorter than longest (1st) anal soft ray. Soft dorsal and anal fin margins convex. Pectoral fin pointed; fourth and fifth rays subequal and longest; pectoral fin length 1.6 (1.5–1.8) in HL. Pelvic fin pointed, with I, 5 rays; first ray longest, filamentous; pelvic fin length 1.3 (1.3–1.5) in HL. Caudal fin slightly emarginate; branched caudal fin rays 15. Head and body covered with ctenoid scales except for both jaws, gular area, region from snout to nape, infraorbital bones, and preopercular flange. Lateral line curved, follows dorsal profile of body. Sheath at base of dorsal spines extending across base of rayed portion of fin and to base of third dorsal fin ray; scales extending distally on anterior and posterior membranes of each soft ray (but not developed in T. Yoshino et al. juveniles). Scale rows on sheath at base of dorsal spines 2. Anal fin sheath extending across base of spines and anterior three rays; posterior fin membranes with scales extending between rays (not developed in juveniles). Scale rows on sheath at base of anal spines 3. Scales extending onto pectoral and caudal fin bases. Color after preservation.—Body pale brownish, dusky above. Four dark brown horizontal stripes extending along head and body. First stripe running on middorsal part from snout to interorbital region where it divides in two, with each section extending parallel to dorsal profile to middle of base of soft dorsal fin; the second slightly curved, stripe extending from above posterior nostril through upper margin of eye to upper margin of caudal peduncle; the third straight, stripe running from snout, through postorbital portion of head where it is interrupted into anterior and posterior blotches at posterior margin of preoperculum, posteriorly onto base of caudal fin; the fourth from posterior portion of upper jaw through upper part of base of pectoral fin to ventral margin of caudal peduncle. An additional dark brown stripe on sheath at base of dorsal fin. Gill membranes dusky, not becoming darker with growth. Dorsal fin dusky toward tips of spines and rays. Anal fin dusky without dense pigmentation near basal membranes. Pectoral fins clear. Pelvic fins slightly dusky. Caudal fin dusky. In juvenile paratypes, ground coloration of body paler; stripes on head and body more distinct; anal and caudal fins paler (Fig. 2A). Color when fresh.—Head and body dusky brass-colored with black stripes; iris reddish; pectoral and caudal fins and soft portions of dorsal and anal fins chrome yellow. See the color photograph of a paratype (URM-P 7558) in Yoshino (1984: pl. 163-F). Etymology. The specific name “iravi” is the reversed name in genitive form of Richard P. Vari (USNM), whose contribution to the taxonomy of the family Terapontidae is greatly appreciated. Distribution. Mesopristes iravi inhabits freshwaters (in summer) or estuaries (in cooler months) of Urauchi-gawa and Nakama-gawa Rivers in Iriomote Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. This species has also been reported as juveniles of Mesopristes argenteus from Leyte, the Philippines (Vari, 1978), Borneo, Indonesia (Kottelat et al., 1993), and Papua New Gunea (Allen, 1991) (see Remarks). Remarks. The original description of Datnia argentea given by Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1829) was based on an adult specimen with silver body and agrees well with our specimens of the species. In his review of the family Terapontidae, Vari (1978) synonymized the following five nominal species with Mesopristes argenteus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829): Mesopristes macracanthus Bleeker, 1845; Datnia cancellatoides Bleeker, 1853; Therapon nasutus Macleay, 1883; Therapon chalybeus Macleay, 1883; and Therapon acutirostris De Vis, 1884. Among these, M. macracanthus is unavailable (nomen nudum) in name only, not satisfying the provisions of Article 12 (ICZN, 1999). The name in Bleeker (1845) was not used in his later works except for synonymies of M. argenteus in Bleeker (1873, 1873–1876). Datnia cancellatoides was described based on two juvenile speci- New terapontid fish from Japan 237 Table 1. Proportional measurements and counts of Mesopristes iravi sp. nov. Holotype URM-P 31874 Standard length (mm) Measurements (% of SL) Body depth Head length Snout length Eye diameter Postorbital length Interorbital width Maxillary length Caudal peduncle depth Caudal peduncle length Pectoral fin length Pelvic spine length Pelvic fin length 3rd dorsal spine length 5th (longest) dorsal spine length 11th (penultimate) dorsal spine length 12th (last) dorsal spine length 1st (longest) dorsal ray length 1st anal spine length 2nd anal spine length 3rd anal spine length 1st (longest) anal ray length Counts Dorsal fin rays Anal fin rays Pectoral fin rays Pored lateral line scales Scales above lateral linea Scales below lateral line Cheek scales Predorsal scales Lower gill rakers Vertebrae a Paratypes Adults (n ⫽ 5) Juveniles (n ⫽ 7) 194.7 154.4–223.1 25.6–48.5 36.6 32.3 12.3 7.1 13.9 7.9 11.0 12.0 16.0 20.6 11.9 24.0 11.8 15.1 11.2 11.7 16.9 7.7 17.1 13.9 20.2 33.6–38.5 32.5–34.0 12.1–12.8 7.5–7.9 13.5–14.4 7.4–7.9 10.6–12.6 11.2–12.7 13.9–16.4 22.4–22.5 11.4–13.6 25.6–28.1 10.7–14.1 14.6–17.2 11.1–13.3 11.9–13.5 17.0–19.8 7.8–9.6 14.7–18.7 13.1–16.7 21.7–24.5 37.0–39.3 35.1–39.1 11.2–13.3 10.5–12.9 14.2–15.6 7.1–7.6 11.7–12.6 11.8–13.1 16.1–17.8 19.1–23.5 13.2–16.1 23.0–26.1 13.5–15.8 19.2–19.7 12.9–14.2 12.3–14.2 18.9–21.6 9.6–11.8 16.4–19.6 13.1–16.9 19.4–22.6 XII, 10 III, 8 14–15 49–51 8 19–20 7–8 12–13 17 10 ⫹ 15 XII, 10 III, 8 14–15 48–50 7–8 18–19 7–8 12–13 16–17 10 ⫹ 15 XII, 10 III, 8 14 50 8 18 8 11 17 10 ⫹ 15 To base of middorsal spines mens (syntypes: 81 and 85 mm TL) (Bleeker, 1853). However, it was soon synonymized with Datnia argentea (⫽ M. argenteus) by that author (Bleeker, 1855), and the specimens seemed to be mixed with conspecifics. No specimens labeled M. macracanthus or D. cancellatoides were found in the collections at RMNH, but one lot (RMNH 5630: 4 specimens, 63.3–212.5 mm SL) of Bleeker’s specimens is identifiable as M. argenteus. This lot was a component of the “A Collection of Groupe I” when the auction of Bleeker’s specimens took place in 1879 (Boeseman, 1973; Hubrecht, 1973). The “A Collection” is the most important, among which the Bleeker’s type specimens should be found (Whitehead et al., 1966). Only the smallest specimen (63.3mm SL, 79.0 mm TL vs. 126.8–212.5 mm SL, 161.1– 266.1mm TL in the others) in RMNH 5630 corresponds to one of the syntypes of D. cancellatoides and the figured specimen in Bleeker’s Atlas (1876–1877: pl. 326, fig. 1, as Therapon argenteus). We herein designate the specimen as the lectotype of D. cancellatoides Bleeker. The other three specimens are recataloged as RMNH 33842. The lectotype in having a long fifth dorsal spine (23.5% SL) and short postorbital length (38.2% HL) agrees with juvenile specimens of M. argenteus (see Comparisons). The two nominal species, Therapon nasutus and T. chalybeus, described by Macleay (1883) from New Guinea were reidentified as adult and subadult of Mesopristes argenteus, respectively, and differ from M. iravi. The former (11 in. TL) has a silver-gray body and a broad band through the anal fin, whereas the latter (4in. TL) has a chalybeate body and some black pigmentation on the anal fin, and both lack any stripes (Macleay, 1883). Therapon acutirostris described by De Vis (1884) from Queensland was not readily identifiable to either M. argenteus or M. iravi from the original description. Reexamination of the surviving syntype (AMS I. 424, 92.9 mm SL) revealed that it is not M. iravi but rather M. argenteus, given that it has a long fifth dorsal spine 238 (21.7% SL) and short postorbital length (39.9% HL). This is the specimen sent from QM to AMS in 1886 (Ogilby and McCulloch, 1916). The other specimen (s ?) of the syntype series are no longer housed in QM (J. Johnson, personal communication). We herein designate this specimen (AMS I. 424) as the lectotype of T. acutirostris De Vis. Mesopristes iravi has been often confused with M. argenteus by previous authors including Vari (1978: fig. 58), Allen (1991: juvenile specimen of pl. XI-14), and Kottelat et al. (1993: juvenile specimen of pl. 52). These figures clearly show the interrupted postorbital stripe, unmarked anal fin, and shorter dorsal spines characteristic of juveniles of the new species (see Fig. 2 and Comparisons). Comparisons. Among the other four species of the genus, the allopatric species Mesopristes elongatus and M. kneri, known from Madagascar and Fiji, respectively, differ from M. iravi in the following characters: 9–11 scales above the lateral line (vs. 8 in M. iravi), and different dark markings on the body (several series of longitudinally arranged spots in M. kneri, three longitudinal stripes disappearing with age in M. elongatus vs. four longitudinal stripes present even in adults in M. iravi). The specimen (NSMT-P 19046, 101.4 mm SL) reported as M. kneri by Sakai and Sato (1982) from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, was reidentified as M. argenteus by Senou (1993). Mesopristes iravi closely resembles the sympatric M. argenteus in having four longitudinal stripes on the head and body and eight scale rows above the lateral line to the middorsal spines and on cheek. It differs from the latter species in having the stripes present even in adults (vs. disappearing with growth in the latter species), having a midlateral stripe passing through the eye that is interrupted on the postorbital region (vs. continuous when the stripe is present), a shorter fifth (longest) dorsal spine (14.6– 19.7% SL vs. 18.0–22.2% SL), and a longer postorbital length (40.0–43.0% HL vs. 37.8–40.7% HL) (Fig. 3). In live subadult to adult specimens, the species differs in the colorations of the iris (reddish in M. iravi vs. yellowish-orange in M. argenteus) and the lower margin of the caudal fin and posterior margin of the anal fin (both dusky yellow in M. iravi vs. white in M. argenteus). Differences between both species in juvenile coloration are shown in Fig. 2 and are as follows (characters mentioned above are not repeated): median stripe extending well onto basal membranes of caudal fin in M. iravi vs. not beyond base of caudal fin in M. argenteus, soft portion of anal fin clear vs. with dense pigmentations on membranes, and pelvic fins entirely dusky vs. with dense pigmentations on first two to three membranes. Another sympatric species, Mesopristes cancellatus, is easily distinguished from M. iravi in having the following characters: body with vertical bars dorsally and horizontal stripes ventrally (vs. only horizontal stripes); 4–6 cheek scales (vs. 8); upper lip fleshy, forming a prominent fleshy pad with age (vs. not forming a fleshy pad); interspace between nostrils equal to or less than diameter of posterior nostril (vs. wider than one and one-half diameters of posterior nostril) (Fig. 4); and soft dorsal and anal fins with straight or slightly concave margins (vs. convex margins). T. Yoshino et al. Fig. 3. Relationships of (A) postorbital length (POL) as% of HL to SL and (B) fifth dorsal spine length (5DS) as% of SL to SL in Mesopristes iravi sp. nov. (circles) and M. argenteus (triangles) These characters in M. cancellatus, especially the narrow interspace between the nostrils, are unique to that species in the genus. Comparative materials. Mesopristes argenteus, 35 specimens: RMNH 5630 (lectotype of Datnia cancellatoides Bleeker), 63.3 mm SL, Priaman (Sumatra) or Amboina; RMNH 33842, 3 specimens, 126.8– 212.5 mm SL, Java; AMS I. 424 (lectotype of Therapon acutirostris De Vis), 92.9 mm SL, Queensland; URM-P 3178, 2 specimens, 25.3– 25.4 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 4485, 1 specimen, 44.3 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 4707, 1 specimen, 54.5 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 15466, 1 specimen, 40.2 mm SL., Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 29642, 1 specimen, 241.8 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 30075–30079, 5 specimens, 37.2– 92.8 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 30153–30154, 2 specimens, 201.9–217.5 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 30547, 1 specimen, 223.6 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 30636, 1 specimen, 188.5 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 30700, 1 specimen, 246.6 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 31876–31877, 2 specimens, 116.1–262.6 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 32086, 1 specimen, 58.5 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 32585, 1 specimen, 226.1 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 34706, 1 specimen, 200.4 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; YCM-SSP 9736, 1 specimen, 41.9 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; YCM-SSP 10057, 5 specimens, 35.8–79.8 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; YCM-SSP 10065, 1 specimen, 105.7 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; YCM-SSP 10139, 1 specimen, 36.2 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; NSMT-P 19046, 1 specimen, 101.4 mm SL, Ishigaki I., Ryukyu Is. Mesopristes cancellatus, 7 New terapontid fish from Japan Fig. 4. Diagrammatic lateral views of head in Mesopristes, especially showing narial positions. A M. cancellatus; B M. iravi sp. nov. and other congeners specimens: URM-P 7522, 1 specimen, 196.0 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 31875, 1 specimen, 284.1 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 32188–32189, 2 specimens, 102.0–121.6 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 33991–33992, 2 specimens, 131.4–147.6 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is.; URM-P 34004, 1 specimen, 164.1 mm SL, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is. Acknowledgments We thank M.J.P. van Oijen (RMNH), M. McGrouther (AMS), and Y. Iwatsuki (Miyazaki University) for the opportunity to examine type specimens, and J. Johnson (QM) for information on the type specimens of species described by De Vis. We also thank M. Hayashi (YCM) for loan of specimens, T. Suzuki (Amagasaki-kita Senior High School, Hyogo Prefecture), and many students of URM for their help in collecting specimens, and Y. Niiro (Professor Emeritus, University of the Ryukyus), who collected the first specimen of Mesopristes iravi in 1977 and called the senior author’s attention to the species. Literature Cited Ahlstrom EH, Butler JL, Sumida BY (1976) Pelagic stromateoid fishes (Pisces, Perciformes) of the eastern Pacific: kinds, distributions, and early life histories and observations on five of these from the Northwest Atlantic. Bull Mar Sci 26:285–402 Allen GR (1991) Field guide to the freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Christensen Research Institute, Madang 239 Bleeker P (1845) Bijdragen tot de geneeskundige Topographie van Batavia. Generisch overzicht der Fauna, continuatie. Nat Geneeskd Arch Ned Ind 2:505–528 Bleeker P (1853) Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe of wenig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra. Tiental V–X. Nat Tijdschr NederIndië 4:243–302 Bleeker P (1855) Zevende bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. Nat Tijdschr Neder-Indië 8:435–444 Bleeker P (1873) Révision des espèces insulindiennes du genre Therapon. Ned Tijdschr Dierkd 4:372–393 Bleeker P (1873–1876) Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises, vol 7. Fréderic Muller, Amsterdam Bleeker P (1876–1877) Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises, vol 8. Fréderic Muller, Amsterdam Boeseman M (1973) Some informative remarks on the auction of Bleeker’s collections. In: Lamme WH (ed) Collected fish papers of Pieter Bleeker, vol 1. Junk, Hague, pp 59–61 Cuvier G, Valenciennes A (1829) Histoire naturelle de poissons, vol 3. F.G. Levrault, Paris De Vis C (1884) New Australian fishes in the Queensland Museum. Proc Linn Soc NSW 9:389–400 Eschmeyer WN (ed) (1998) Catalog of fishes. Vol 1. Introductory materials, species of fishes, A–L. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco Hubbs CL, Lagler KF (1964) Fishes of the Great Lakes region. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor Hubrecht AAW (1973) Catalogue des collections formées et laissées par M.-P. Bleeker (reprinted in facsimile, originally published in 1879). In: Lamme WH (ed) Collected fish papers of Pieter Bleeker, vol 1. Junk, Hague, pp 63–137 (originally i–iv, 1–71) ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th edn. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London Kottelat M, Whitten AJ, with Kartikasari SN, Wirjoatomodjo S (1993) Freshwater fishes of western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus, Jakarta Mabee PM (1988) Supraneural and predorsal bones in fishes: development and homologies. Copeia 1988:827–838 Macleay W (1883) Contribution to a knowledge of the fishes of New Guinea, no 4. Proc Linn Soc NSW 8:252–280 Ogilby JD, McCulloch AR (1916) A revision of the Australian therapons with notes on some Papuan species. Mem Queensl Mus 5:99–126 Sakai H, Sato M (1982) First records of five teleostean fishes and three second records of gobiid fishes from Japan, collected in rivers on the Ryukyu Islands. Bull Fac Fish Hokkaido Univ 33:79–88, pls 1–2 Senou H (1989) Mesopristes. In: Kawanabe H, Mizuno N (eds) The freshwater fishes of Japan (in Japanese). Yamato-Keikoku-sha, Tokyo, pp 528–529 Senou H (1993) Terapontidae. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species (in Japanese). Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 646–648, 1314–1315 Vari RP (1978) The terapon perches (Percoidei, Teraponidae). A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 159:175– 340 Vari RP (1992) Redescription of Mesopristes elongatus (Guichenot, 1866), an endemic Malagasy fish species (Pisces, Terapontidae). Am Mus Novit 3039:1–7 Whitehead PJP, Boeseman M, Wheeler AC (1966) The types of Bleeker’s Indo-Pacific elopoid and clupeoid fishes. Zool Verh (Leiden) 84:1–159, pls 1–19 Yoshino T (1984) Mesopristes. In: Masuda H, Amaoka K, Araga C, Uyeno T, Yoshino T (eds) The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago (English text and plates). Tokai University Press, Tokyo, p 174, pl 163