Floristic and vegetational features of Monte Marganai (SW Sardinia)

Gianluigi  Bacchetta

The results of the annual excursion of the Working Group for Vegetation Science of the Italian Botanical Society, held in the Egadi Islands, Mount San Giuliano and Mount Cofano (W Sicily) on April 23–27 2022, are presented. This paper includes: (1) general information on the visited sites; (2) geology and geomorphology; (3) climatology and bioclimatology with tables of climatic data; (4) description of the following five geobotanical itineraries – accompanied by 29 original vegetation relevés and 11 synthetic relevés, proceeding from different bibliographic references: (a) Mount San Giuliano; (b) Marettimo Island: coastal and sub-coastal stretch of the southern part, between Punta Bassana and Contrada Chiappera; (c) Marettimo Island: Case Romane, Mount Pizzo Falcone and the north-western coastal stretch; (d) Island of Levanzo; (e) Mount Cofano – with catenal pictograms of the vegetation, surveys and description of the plant communities and related syntaxonomic scheme; (5) list of th...

A study on the vascular flora of the Gennargentu Massif (Central-Eastern Sardinia) is presented. According to our results, the flora consists of 948 taxa: 686 species, 249 sub- species, 10 varieties and 3 hybrids, belonging to 97 families and 427 genera. Three taxa are new findings for the flora of Italy and eight for that of Sardinia. Life form analysis revealed, in particular, dominance of 35.65 % hemicryptophytes, 34.6 % therophytes, 12.13 % geophytes and 11.6 % (nano)-phanero- phytes. As concerns chorology, the Mediterranean element is largely prevailing (68.14%), mainly represented by circum- Medit. (29.1 %) and Euro-Medit. (23.07 %). Endemics are 14.87% of the whole flora (141 taxa), with a large prevalence of Sardo-Corsican (39.01 %) and Sardinian taxa (35.46 %), i.e. 74.47% of the total. Due to the high number of taxa (9) of Gennargentu exclusive endemics and the geologic and geo- morphologic peculiarities, it is here proposed a biogeographic classification for these territories serving to the identification of an autonomous sector.

The analysis of the vegetation and the landscape of the Simbruini mountains is presented. The Simbruini mountains are located on the Tyrrhenian side of the Central Apennines, on the border between the Lazio and Abruzzi regions; the mountain chain has a NW-SE orientation and is characterised by several peaks: Autore (1853 m), Cotento (2014 m), Tarino (1959), Viglio (2176 m) and Crepacuore (1997 m). The paper is composed of three sections. In the first one, the phytosociological and synphytosociological analysis of the vegetation is presented. In the second one, the results of an ecological classification of the landscape, aimed at identifying the main land units of the Simbruini mountains, are discussed and in the last one the landscape changes occurred between 1950 and 2000 are analysed. From a phytosociological point of view, beech woods are the most important and wider forest type of the area. Their floristic composition is typical of the calcicolous Central-Southern Apennine mountain beech woods (Cardamino kitaibelii-Fagetum sylvaticae). At lower altitudes, deciduous woods dominated by Ostrya carpinifolia with Fraxinus ornus and Acer opalus ssp. obtusatum (Melittio melissophyllae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae), or by Quercus pubescens (Cytiso sessilifolii-Quercetum pubescentis) occur, whereas at the same altitudes, on the rocky or steep slopes, Quercus ilex woods can be found. Mesophilous woods with Carpinus betulus and Corylus avellana (Carpino betuli-Coryletum avellanae) were found along deeply embanked valleys, sometimes surrounded by Quercus cerris woods with Acer opalus ssp. obtusatum (Aceri obtusati-Quercetum cerridis) on deep soils. Along the Simbrivio river banks, small patches of broadleaf ravine woods, classified in the alliance Tilio-Acerion (Aceretum obtusatipseudoplatani), can be found. The shrub vegetation is characterised by different communities dynamically linked to the woody types. In fact, shrubs characterised by Spartium junceum and Rubus ulmifolius (Spartio juncei–Cytisetum sessilifolii and Roso sempervirenti-Rubetum ulmifolii) were identified in the hilly-sub-mountain belt, whereas at higher latitudes, the pre-forest stage, characterised by Ribes uva-crispa and several species of Rosa (Ribeso uvae-crispae-Rosetum dumalis) can be found. Two kinds of juniper shrubs were identified: the first one in the sub-alpine belt with Daphne oleoides and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Daphno oleoidis-Juniperetum alpinae), and the second one with Juniperus communis ssp. communis in the lower mountain belt (Viburno lantanae-Juniperetum communis). The following grassland types were identified: three associations of the mountain and sub-mountain belts belonging to the endemic Apennine syntaxonomical alliance Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti (Saturejo montanae- Brometum erecti, Anthoxantho odorati-Brachypodietum genuensis and Koelerio splendentis-Brometum erecti), therophytic grasslands (Trifolio scabri-Hypochoeridetum achyrophori), mesophilous meadows of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class (Colchico lusitanici-Cynosuretum cristati community with Arrhenatherium elatius), sub-alpine xerophytic grasslands with Sesleria juncifolia ssp. juncifolia and Carex kitaibeliana (Pediculari elegantis- Seslerietum tenuifoliae), sub-acid communities of the same belt belonging to the Nardetea strictae (Luzulo italicae-Nardetum strictae and Trifolio thalii-Festucetum microphyllae) and scree vegetation characterised by Galium magellense and Festuca dimorpha (Galio magellensis- Festucetum dimorphae). Moreover, two associations of the chasmophytic vegetation and calcareous rocky crevices were found (Saxifrago australis- Trisetetum bertolonii and Arenario bertolonii-Cystopteridetum alpinae). The vegetation of the woody edges was also analysed (community with Salvia glutinosa and Aegopodium podagraria), although further investigations are needed. The synphytosociological analysis of the plant communities allowed the identification of the main vegetation series: Cytiso-Querceto pubescentis sigmetum, Ciclamino Hederifolii-Querceto ilicis sigmetum, Melittio melissophyllae-Ostryeto carpinifoliae sigmetum, Cardamino kitaibelii-Fageto sylvaticae sigmetum, Carpino betuli-Coryleto avellanae sigmetum and Daphno-Junipereto alpinae sigmetum. In the second section of the paper, an ecological classification of the landscape aimed at identifying the main land units of Simbruini mountains was applied, based on a new methodology. In particular, a maximum likelihoods classifier, applied to topographical, climatic and land use variables, allowed the identification of 8 Land Units characterised by environmental, vegetational and land use variables. Finally, the landscape change of the Simbruini mountains between 1950 and 2000 was analysed. This change was analysed and quantified through the photointepretation of digital, georeferenced aero photographs of the years 1954 and 2000 and application of several landscape indexes. A significant expansion of forests common to all the Apennine chain was highlighted. This process, linked to the abandonment of the traditional selvicoltural practices, in turn, determined by the emigration of the population, in search of economic opportunities, towards the coastal areas,. The current reforestation processes can determine the homogeneity of the landscape and the disappearance of semi-natural and cultural habitats, thus threatening the survival of many species. The integrated methodological approach we presented, being based on the phytosociological and synphytosociological analysis, the ecological classification of the landscape and the analysis of its historical transformations, provides a comprehensive analysis useful for guiding environmental planning activities and for implementing conservation strategies and actions.

conseRvAzione hAbitAt inveRtebRAti 5: 57–132 (2011) cnbFvR Floristic and vegetational features of Monte Marganai (SW Sardinia)* Roberto ANgIUS1, gianluigi BACCHETTA2, Cristiano PONTECORVO3 Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, V.le Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy. E-mails: 1robby.ang@tiscali.it; 2bacchet@unica.it; 3cristiano.pontecorvo@gmail.com *In: Nardi g., Whitmore D., Bardiani M., Birtele D., Mason F., Spada L. & Cerretti P. (eds), Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5: 57–132. ABSTRACT A ﬂoristic and vegetational study of Monte Marganai (SW Sardinia) is presented. Monte Marganai is a limestone massif located between the Cixerri plain to the south and Monte Linas to the north. The ield and bibliographic investigation allowed 686 taxa to be assessed, 648 of which were observed, belonging to 395 genera, 93 families and 38 orders. Considering only the observed taxa, the most represented subclass is Magnoliidae (625 taxa), and within it the Eudicotyledones is the most represented systematic group with 23 orders, 64 families and 479 species and subspecies. The most represented orders are Asterales (78 taxa), Poales (76), Fabales (68), Lamiales, and Asparagales (58). Asteraceae, with 74 species, is the most represented family, followed by Fabaceae (66) and Poaceae (56).The most numerous genera are Galium (12), Trifolium and Euphorbia (11), Medicago and Ophrys (10). From the viewpoint of biological strategies, therophytes prevail (38.1%), which is typical for the Mediterranean region. Other forms present in the area are the hemicryptophytes (29.0%) and the geophytes (14.8%). The chorological spectrum of the ﬂora of the study area shows a prevalence of Mediterranean distributions. Among the strictly Mediterranean species (54.3%), those with a circum-Mediterranean range are prevalent (31.0%), followed by endemic species (11.3%), and by W-Mediterranean species (7.8%). Taxa more widespread but with a distribution centred on the Mediterranean basin amount to 25.1%. Among the endemics (73 species altogether) the most numerous families are the Asteraceae (12) and the Orchidaceae (7). From a biogeographical viewpoint the SardoCorsican endemics (27) are most abundant, followed by those from the Italo-Tyrrhenian super-province (17) and from the Sardinian sub-province (14). Besides these, 1 taxon (Genista valsecchiae) is endemic of the Sulcis Iglesiente sector, and 3 (Genista sulcitana, Linum muelleri and Sesleria insularis subsp. morisiana) are exclusive of the Iglesiente sub-sector. The analysis of rarity showed that the most common category (158 taxa) is that of the widespread generalist species with sometimes an extensive and/or dominant population (WBL), while the least frequent category (1 taxon) is that of generalist species with a limited distribution and with sometimes dominant populations (NBL). Protected species or those deemed worthy of protection are 51, of which 31 are included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC and in the Bern and Washington conventions, while 23 species are included in the IUCN Regional Red Lists. Vegetation analyses were mainly focused on the forest community and allowed the physiognomic and structural description of the forests, shrublands, maquis, and the edaphoxerophilous, climatophilous and edaphohygrophilous serial phases. In addition, the psammophilous, rupicolous and synanthropic vegetations were analysed, with particular reference to the vegetation of post-mining sites. These analyses allowed the characterization of 6 vegetation series and 1 riparian geosigmetum. Finally, a syntaxonomic scheme of the forest vegetation is proposed, from which 3 classes, 4 orders, 6 alliances, 3 sub-alliances, 7 associations, and 7 sub-associations turned out to be present in the Marganai area. Key words: Sardinia, Iglesiente, ﬂora, endemics, analysis of rarity, vegetation, conservation. RIASSUNTO Lineamenti ﬂoristici e vegetazionali del Monte Marganai (Sardegna sud-occidentale) Si presenta lo studio ﬂoristico e vegetazionale del Monte Marganai, massiccio carbonatico situato tra la piana del Cixerri a sud ed il complesso del Monte Linas a nord. Le indagini di campo e bibliograiche hanno consentito di censire 686 taxa, dei quali 648 osservati in campo, appartenenti a 395 generi, 93 famiglie e 38 ordini. Tra i taxa osservati la sottoclasse maggiormente rappresentata è quella delle Magnoliidae (625 taxa), all'interno della quale le Eudicotyledones rappresentano il gruppo sistematico più numeroso con 23 ordini, 64 famiglie e 479 specie. Gli ordini più frequenti sono Asterales con 78 taxa, Poales (76), Fabales (68), Lamiales e Asparagales (58). La famiglia delle Asteraceae è quella con il maggior numero di entità (74), seguita dalle Fabaceae (66) e dalle Poaceae (56). I generi più rappresentati sono Galium (12), Trifolium ed Euphorbia (11), Medicago e Ophrys (10). I dati relativi allo spettro biologico mostrano la prevalenza delle teroite (38,1%), tipiche delle regioni dell'area mediterranea, seguite dalle emicriptoite (29,0%) e dalle geoite (14,8%). Lo spettro corologico della ﬂora nel suo complesso mette in evidenza la dominanza della componente mediterranea. Tra le specie mediterranee 57 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo s.s. (54,3%) sono maggiormente rappresentate le entità ad areale circum-mediterraneo (31,0%), seguite dalle endemiche (11,5%) e dalle entità a baricentro occidentale (7,8%). I taxa a distribuzione più ampia, ma sempre con areale centrato sul bacino del Mediterraneo, ammontano complessivamente al 25,1%. Per quanto riguarda la componente endemica, pari a 73 entità, le famiglie che contano il numero maggiore di taxa sono le Asteraceae (12) e le Orchidaceae (7). Per quanto concerne la caratterizzazione biogeograica, la componente più numerosa è quella della provincia Sardo-corsa (27), seguita da quella riferibile alla superprovincia Italo-tirrenica (17) e della subprovincia Sarda (14). Oltre a queste 1 taxon (Genista valsecchiae) risulta esclusivo del settore Sulcitano-Iglesiente e 3 del sottosettore Iglesiente (Genista sulcitana, Linum muelleri e Sesleria insularis subsp. morisiana). L'analisi della rarità rivela come la categoria più numerosa (158 taxa) sia quella delle specie ampiamente diffuse sul territorio, con una ecologia ampia e popolamenti talora estesi e/o dominanti (WBL), mentre quella meno numerosa (1) si riferisce alle specie che hanno una limitata diffusione sul territorio, una ecologia ampia e formano popolamenti ampi e talora dominanti (NBL). Le entità tutelate o considerate meritevoli di tutela sono 51, delle quali 31 sono incluse negli allegati della Direttiva CEE 43/92 e delle convenzioni di Berna e di Washington, mentre 23 taxa sono inclusi nelle Liste Rosse Regionali della IUCN. Per quanto concerne la vegetazione, le analisi si sono riferite in particolare alle cenosi di tipo forestale ed hanno consentito di descrivere dal punto di vista isionomico-strutturale i boschi, le boscaglie, le macchie e tutti gli stadi seriali di tipo edafoxeroilo, climatoilo ed edafoigroilo. Oltre a ciò è stata analizzata la vegetazione psammoila, rupicola e degli ambienti sinantropici con particolare riferimento a quella mineraria. Tali analisi hanno permesso di individuare 6 serie di vegetazione e 1 geosigmeto ripariale. Viene inine proposto uno schema sintassonomico della vegetazione forestale, dal quale risultano presenti per l'area di Marganai 3 classi, riferibili a 4 ordini, 6 alleanze, 3 suballeanze, 7 associazioni e 7 subassociazioni. INTRODUCTION PHYSIOgRAPHIC SITUATION If one excludes the work of Ballero & Angiolino (1991), no accurate botanical analyses exist to date for the limestone massif of Monte Marganai (SW Sardinia, Iglesiente). This area is of particular interest because of its peculiar geological features, which distinguish it from the Hercynian crystalline mountain complex of Monte Linas and from the adjacent territories. The mesoclimate shows strong oceanic features due to its proximity to the sea and westerly exposure. In the past this region has undergone strong modiications due to mining activities and, to a lesser extent, silvicultural ones. Currently, mining has been abandoned altogether and grazing is reduced to a minimum, so the study area is predominantly used for forestry. Since 1980 these activities have been regulated through the establishment of a region-owned property managed by the Sardinian Forestry Service (Ente Foreste Sardegna). Since 1995 the study area is included in the proposal for the institution of the Site of Community Importance "Monte Linas-Marganai", identiied by the code Nature 2000 ITB041111. Today, Monte Marganai shows a high level of naturalness and natural restoration processes are taking place following the abandonment of mining activities and the consequent exodus of human populations connected with mining. The area has not been subject to detailed studies; it is rich in endemic and phytogeographically interesting species, and in mesophilous forest coenoses very rare in southern Sardinia. For these reasons we consider it useful to present a complete picture of the loristic and vegetational features of this area. The study area (ig. 1) covers a total surface area of 3,608 ha and is located in the municipalities of Iglesias, Domusnovas and Fluminimaggiore. It is included in sheet n. 555, section I of the topographic map of Italy (scale 1:25,000). geographically it is located between 39°19.567' and 39°22.471' latitude north and between 8°33.762' and 8°37.689' longitude east. The area is delimited by the Cuccuru Contu (807 m a.s.l.), Punta Arbona (851 m a.s.l.) and Campu Spina (939 m a.s.l.) peaks to the west, Valle Oridda with Rio Sa Duchessa to the north, San giovanni cave with the San giovanni torrent to the east, and the Cixerri plain, circumscribed by the rivers Corongiu and Arriali, to the south. The altitude of the region ranges from 200 m to the 939 m of Campu Spina peak, the second highest peak being Punta San Michele (906 m), situated in the southernmost part of the massif, opposite the Cixerri plain. The mountain ridge extends in a NW-SE direction for about 7.5 km and the peak situated closest to the sea (11 km away) is Cuccuru Contu. The massif constitutes a wide anticline – its main axis directed almost E-W – formed during the Sardinian phase of the Caledonian orogeny and the early Hercynian phase. geologically, sedimentary lithologic formations of the Early Palaeozoic are dominant. The main part of the succession is the carbonate platform of the gonnesa group, or Metalliferous formation (Carmignani 2001), constituted by the San giovanni formation or member of the Ceroid Limestone (Pillola 1991), formed by metacalcareous rocks deriving 58 FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Fig. 1. Index map of the study area. from marine sedimentation in Bahamas-type carbonate platform conditions. These formations dominate the terrigenous sediment platform of the Nebida group (Arenarie formation), present in the northwestern part of the area from Punta Serra Pirastu to Su Murru is Covas. In the medium-low parts of the eastern slope, between the Reigraxius mine and Canale Bega and descending towards Rio Sarmensus, the gonnesa group is substituted by the Iglesias group (Cabitza argillo-schists). The characteristics of the sediments suggest a transition from a neritic to a shallow pelagic environment (gandin et al. 1987). Cracking and karst phenomena and the consequent average to high permeability of the rocks make Monte Marganai one of the most important limestone aquifers of the region; this gives origin to the San giovanni cave spring – which lows on the eastern side of Monte Acqua (Domusnovas) – and to the underground aquifer of Cuccuru Tiria; the latter spreads its waters over the alluvial areas of the Cixerri valley and feeds Rio Corongiu during periods of maximum low. Due to the karst nature of the area, the supericial water network is not very developed, becoming more consistent only at the base of the massif. The morphology of the region is rough, with vertical walls and karst structures such as the valley of Rio Sarmentus, which lows into the San giovanni cave, the several dolines south of Punta Perda Piccada, between Punta Martineddu and Punta Rosmarino, and the characteristic ridges of the highest areas and the western slope of Valle Oridda. Two pedological units can be identiied with reference to explanatory notes of the Soil Map of Sardinia (Aru et al. 1991): a calcareous one (the most representative) and a metamorphic one. Dominant soil types are: Typic Xerochrepts, Lithic Rhodoxeralfs and Xerochrepts, from shallow to deep, with sandy-clay-loam to clayey texture and a medium to high organic matter content. Climatic data (tabs 1–2, ig. 2) were collected by weather stations at Fluminimaggiore, Montimannu, Punta gennarta, and San giovanni. The available data are characteristic of a Mediterranean climate. Average annual temperatures range from 15.4°C at Punta gennarta – average maximum temperature of 29.8°C in August (hottest month) and average minimum temperature of 5.9°C in January (coldest month) – to 16.5°C at San giovanni – average maximum temperature of 31.4°C in August and average minimum temperature of 5.6°C in January. Rainfall shows the following pattern in all four stations: rainy winters and dry summers, July being the driest month (only 3 mm at Fluminimaggiore), December and November being the rainiest months at Montimannu, Fluminimaggiore and Punta gennarta, and San giovanni, respectively. The station with the highest annual rainfall is Montimannu with 59 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Tab. 1. Monthly and annual average temperatures, monthly and annual average rainfall. Ti = average temperature in °C; Mi = average of maximum temperatures in °C; mi = average of minimum temperatures in °C; Pi = average monthly rainfall in mm. Fluminimaggiore Montimannu Punta Gennarta San Giovanni observation period of temperatures: 1935-1980 (46); observation period of rainfall: 1935-1980 (46) observation period of temperatures: 1935-2002 (65); observation period of rainfall: 1935-2005 (71) observation period of temperatures: 1966-82 (17); observation period of rainfall: 1966-1980 (16) observation period of temperatures:1935-2004 (65); observation period of rainfall: 1935-2005 (70) Altitude: 45 m Latitude: 39° 26' N Longitude: 8° 29' E Altitude: 350 m Latitude: 39° 23' N Longitude: 8° 39' E Altitude: 258 m Latitude: 39° 19' N Longitude: 8° 32' E Altitude: 170 m Latitude: 39° 20' N Longitude: 8° 37' E Ti Mi mi Pi Ti Mi mi Pi Ti Mi mi Pi Ti Mi mi Pi January 10.3 13.8 6.8 110.0 8.2 11.6 4.8 148.9 8.9 11.9 5.9 125 9.5 13.3 5.6 08.9 February 10.7 14.3 7.0 92.0 8.6 12.2 4.9 138.4 9.4 12.8 6.0 118 9.9 13.9 5.8 98.9 March 12.2 16.2 8.2 76.0 10.3 14.5 6.1 110.1 10.4 14.0 6.8 83 11.6 16.1 7.1 75.1 April 14.2 18.5 9.9 59.0 12.6 17.2 8.0 84.8 12.5 16.4 8.6 88 13.5 18.3 8.8 67.9 May 17.8 22.6 12.9 40.0 16.7 22.1 11.3 51.2 16.7 21.5 11.8 53 17.5 23.0 12.0 39.5 June 21.7 26.8 16.6 13.0 20.8 26.6 14.8 22.6 20.1 25.1 15.0 18 21.6 27.5 15.6 17.3 July 24.6 29.9 19.2 3.0 24.0 30.4 17.6 7.2 23.3 29.0 17.6 6 24.6 31.0 18.2 6.5 August 25.1 30.4 19.7 10.0 24.5 30.7 18.3 14.8 24.0 29.8 18.1 14 25.2 31.4 18.8 13.1 September 22.7 27.5 17.9 40.0 21.3 26.7 15.9 48.3 20.9 26.0 15.8 49 22.2 27.7 16.8 39.3 October 18.8 23.0 14.6 93.0 17.0 21.4 12.5 114.6 17.2 21.4 12.9 84 18.3 22.9 13.6 86.5 November 14.5 18.2 10.7 119.0 12.4 16.1 8.7 159.0 12.2 15.7 8.7 130 13.6 17.7 9.6 116.3 December 11.6 15.0 8.2 125.0 9.5 12.8 6.1 173.5 9.7 12.6 6.7 132 10.5 14.3 6.9 115.5 Year 17.0 21.4 12.6 780 15.5 20.2 10.8 1,073.4 15.4 19.7 11.2 900 16.5 21.4 11.6 784.8 Tab. 2. Bioclimatic indices and diagnosis according to Rivas-Martínez (2007). Fluminimaggiore Montimannu Punta Gennarta San Giovanni Thermicity index (It): 376 (It): 319 (It): 332 (It): 354 Compensated thermicity index (Itc): 376 (Itc): 319 (Itc): 332 (Itc): 354 Simplex continentality index (Ic): 14.8 (Ic): 16.3 (Ic): 15.1 (Ic): 15.7 Diurnality index (Id): 6.8 (Id): 12.8 (Id): 8.5 (Id): 12.8 Annual ombrothermic index (Io): 3.82 (Io): 5.8 (Io): 4.86 (Io): 4.0 Bimonthly estival ombrothermic index (Ios2): 0.26 (Ios2): 0.50 (Ios2): 0.42 (Ios2): 0.43 Threemonthly estival ombrothermic index (Ios3): 0.36 (Ios3): 0.66 (Ios3): 0.56 (Ios3): 0.51 Fourmonthly estival ombrothermic index (Ios4): 0.74 (Ios4): 1.18 (Ios4): 1.08 (Ios4): 0.86 Annual ombro-evaporation index (Ioe): 0.90 (Ioe): 1.45 (Ioe): 1.13 (Ioe): 0.96 Annual aridity index (Iar): 1.1 (Iar): 0.7 (Iar): 0.9 (Iar): 1.0 Annual positive temperature (Tp): 2042 (Tp): 2066 (Tp): 1853 (Tp): 1980 Annual negative temperature (Tn): 0 (Tn): 0 (Tn): 0 (Tn): 0 Estival temperature (Ts): 724 (Ts): 692 (Ts): 682 (Ts): 713 Positive precipitation (Pp): 780 (Pp): 1073 (Pp): 900 (Pp): 785 60 FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Fig. 2. Bioclimatic graphs for the stations of Montimannu (2a), Punta gennarta (2b), Fluminimaggiore (2c) and San giovanni (2d). 1,073.4 mm, followed by Punta gennarta with 900 mm, and San giovanni and Fluminimaggiore with 784.8 and 780 mm, respectively. Bioclimatic measures by Bacchetta (2000) and Pontecorvo (2006), carried out according to the methodology of Rivas-Martínez (1999, 2007) and RivasMartínez et al. (2002) and based on data provided by the Regional Agrometeorological Service and the Regional Hydrographic Service, allowed to classify the area as belonging to the Mediterranean oceanicpluviseasonal bioclimate type. Thermotypes vary from upper thermo-Mediterranean at Fluminimaggiore and San giovanni to low meso-Mediterranean at Montimannu and Punta gennarta; ombrotypes range from upper dry at San giovanni to lower humid at Montimannu. A complete bioclimatic report can- not be provided due to the lack of stations at altitudes above 350 m. Based on forest types occurring at the highest elevations of the massif, the presence of an upper meso-Mediterranean bioclimate with ombrotypes ranging from upper sub-humid to lower humid can be hypothesized. MATERIAL AND METHODS Field work took place between the winter of 2001 and the spring of 2006. During this period, several ield trips were carried out to cover all seasons and the various habitats present in the area; herbarium samples were collected from several sites. In addition to this, herbarium and bibliographic studies were car61 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo ried out with reference to all botanical works at a regional scale (Allioni 1759; Moris 1827, 1837-1859; Barbey 1885; Martelli 1896–1901, 1904; Fiori 1913; Terracciano 1914–1930; Arrigoni et al. 1977–1991; Arrigoni 2006) and concerning the Marganai massif in particular (Desole 1966; Arrigoni 1972; Berta & Chiappini 1978; Ballero & Angiolino 1991; Marchioni Ortu 1993; Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003; Bacchetta & Mossa 2004; Bacchetta et al. 2004; Scrugli et al. 2004; Angiolini et al. 2005; Bacchetta & Pontecorvo 2005; Bacchetta et al. 2007a). For the taxa of uncertain taxonomic position, germplasm was collected, multiplied and grown in order to study their full life cycle. Samples were put in the CAg Herbarium (University of Cagliari) or preserved ex-situ at the Sardinian germplasm bank (BgSAR) and the Cagliari Botanical gardens. The nomenclature follows the Checklist of the Italian lora (Conti et al. 2005) except in the Orchidaceae, for which Bateman et al. (2003) was used as reference, and in a few other cases mentioned in the Appendix. For author abbreviations, "Authors of plant names" (Brummitt & Powell 1992) was used, as recommended by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (greuter et al. 2000). Authors of suprageneric taxa were veriied using "Index nominum supragenericorum plantarum vascularium" (Kiger & Reveal 2006). The taxa Monocotyledones and Eudicotyledones were also used, according to art. 16 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. We used the taxonomic system suggested by APg III and Chase & Reveal (APg III 2009; Chase & Reveal 2009). For each taxon the following information is provided: biological form, chorology, ecology, collection sites (inferred from the literature, examined specimens from herbaria and direct ield observations) and rarity in the ield. Biological form and sub-form, based on the classiication of Raunkiaer (1934), were directly veriied in the ield and are coded according to Pignatti (1982). Chorotypes were classiied following the work of Pignatti (1982), modiied by Brullo et al. (1996) with regard to the Mediterranean ones. The name "circum-Mediterranean" is considered more appropriate and used instead of "steno-Mediterranean", although it does not imply the occurrence of a given taxon in the whole of the Mediterranean Basin. Distributional data are taken from the most recent loristic studies (Tutin et al. 1964–1980; Jalas & Suonimen 1972–1994; greuter et al. 1984–1989; De Bolòs & Vigo 1984–2001; Castroviejo 1986–2006; Salvo Tierra 1990; Tutin et al. 1993; gamisans & Marzoc62 chi 1996; Jalas et al. 1996–1999; Kurtto et al. 2004; Marchetti 2004; Delforge 2005). The chorological categories suggested by Arrigoni & Di Tommaso (1991), modiied and integrated by Bacchetta & Pontecorvo (2005), were used for the endemic species, and abbreviations were taken from the Med-Checklist (greuter et al. 1984–1989). Alien species and their degree of integration with the spontaneous lora were evaluated using the categories of Pyšek et al. (2004). For each taxon, a brief description of the ecology of the collecting sites is given together with the name of the sites in which samples were herborized. For frequency data the categories advanced by Rabinowitz (1981) and Rabinowitz et al. (1986) were used; these resulted from the analysis of three factors, each with two options: distribution [wide (W)/narrow (N)], ecological breadth [broad (B)/restricted (R)], population size [large (L)/ everywhere small (S)]. Combining these three factors, 8 categories of rarity could be deined. Floristic calculations were carried out considering all collected species. For veriication of the class of protection of the lora the IUCN Regional Red Lists (Conti et al. 1997) and the Annexes of CITES (2011), Bern convention (EC 1982) and Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (EC 1992) were checked. The vegetation analysis was performed using the phytosociological method of the Zurich-Montpellier sigmatist school (Braun-Blanquet 1951). For the real vegetation map, the following cartographic and photo-interpretation tools were used as a basis for reconnaissance in the ield: - IgM tablets at scale 1:25,000; - Regional Technical Map (CTR) at scale 1:10,000 [sheets 546 (sections 150 and 160) and 555 (sections 030, 040, 070 and 080]; - Colour ortophoto of the year 2006 at scale 1: 10,000. Field analyses were performed during different seasons of the year in order to better identify the different vegetation types through phytosociological and physiognomic-structural surveys, necessary for the detection, characterization and mapping of vegetation types, and to deine their boundaries on the territory. The mapping, geo-referenced according to UTM and gauss-Boaga coordinates, was achieved by photo-interpretation techniques and was later veriied in the ield. The map was drawn at scale 1:15,000 with CAD software (AutoCAD 2007) and gIS [Kosmogis (Saig), FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Quantum gIS (OSgeo) and ArcgIS (Esri)]. The legend, the detail of which reaches up to the sixth level in some cases, was developed in V-level system Corine Land Cover (CEC 1993; Bossard et al. 2000, 2002). The colours used in the legend follow the guidelines of the Regione Autonoma della Sardegna (2008) and represent the types of vegetation, for which it was based primarily on the Forest Environmental Plan of Regione Autonoma della Sardegna (Bacchetta et al. 2007b). Where the coenoses were too small to be mapped at this scale, they were mapped as a mosaic of catenal formations. RESULTS FLORA Altogether, 686 taxa are recorded from the study area (see Appendix), belonging to 395 genera, 93 families and 38 orders. The presence of 648 taxa was conirmed, while the remaining 37 are cited in the literature but were not found during this study. Considering only the observed taxa, the most represented subclass is Magnoliidae with 625; within it the Eudicotyledones is the most numerous group with 23 orders, 64 families and 479 species and subspecies (ig. 3). Asterales with 78 taxa, followed by Poales with 76, Fabales with 68, Lamiales and Asparagales with 58, are the most represented orders. Among the families (ig. 4), the most numerous are the Asteraceae (74 taxa), followed by the Fabaceae (66) and Poaceae (56). The most species-rich genera are Galium (12 taxa), Trifolium and Euphorbia (11), Medicago and Ophrys (10). Data on biological forms (ig. 5) highlight the strong Mediterranean character of the study area and the problems related to land-use, as conirmed by the percentages of therophytes (38.1%) and geophytes (14.8%). Due to the remarkable extension of forest cover and outcropping rocks in the area, and to the limited extension of annual grasslands and pastures, the percentage of therophytes is probably lower than that calculated by Mossa et al. (2003) (40%). This hypothesis is conirmed by the high percentages of chamaephytes (6.8%) – that can be related to the wide distribution of garrigue communities – and of phanerophytes which, summed to the nanophanerophytes, exceed (10.9%) the value calculated by Bocchieri (1995) for the lora of Sardinia (8.8%). In particular, the high percentages of nanophanerophytes (4.0%) can be related to the abundance and diversity of small shrubs, especially of the genus Genista. Hydrophytes show very low values (0.3%) due to the limestone nature of the terrain and consequent paucity of aquatic habitats. The analysis of the biological sub-forms shows an abundance of "simple" plants with low energy needs: scapose therophytes are prevalent (35.2%), followed by scapose hemicryptophytes (14.7%); caespitose therophytes are just 0.9% of the total, whereas bulbous plants (9.1%) are largely the most abundant among the geophytes. In ig. 6, chorological categories are grouped into similar larger categories to allow a quicker comparison. The graph shows a clear dominance of species with distribution in the Mediterranean basin (352 taxa), which are shown in detail in ig. 7: the Circum-Mediterranean (201) and Euro-Mediterranean (87) components are dominant, followed by the W-Mediterranean (51 taxa) and Atlantic-Mediterranean (32) ones, which are important to deine the biogeographical barycentre of the area under study, clearly located in the W-Mediterranean. The endemic species (73 taxa) correspond to 11.3% of the total (648). Families with the highest number of endemics are the Asteraceae (12), Orchidaceae (7), Lamiaceae (5), Caryophyllaceae and Fabaceae (4); the genera with the most endemic species are Ophrys (5) and Genista (4). The chorological spectrum of the endemic species (ig. 8) shows that the Sardo-Corsican endemics (ESC – 27 taxa) are the most consistent category, followed by the strictly Sardinian ones (ESA – 18) and Tyrrhenian elements (ETI+ET+ESS – 17) – with a prevalence of insular Tyrrhenians (ETI – 12) – and the west insular Mediterranean ones (EMOI – 10). Biogeographically (ig. 9), the largest group is that of the Sardo-Corsican species (27), followed by those referable to the Italian-Tyrrhenian superprovince (17), the Sardinian subprovince (14) and the W-Mediterranean subregion (11). These data show that the distribution ranges of the Monte Marganai endemic lora are primarily centred upon the Sardo-Corsican province (from which about 60% of the species are exclusive), and secondarily Tyrrhenian. A comparison with the endemic lora of the entire Iglesiente area (Bacchetta & Pontecorvo 2005) – in which the dominant group is that of the Sardinian endemics (35%) – further conirms the speciicity of the Marganai massif's endemic lora, which also includes one taxon exclusive of the SulcisIglesiente biogeographical sector and 3 taxa exclusive of the Iglesiente sub-sector. This would appear to be related to the calcareous nature and morphology of the region, which create selective habitats rich in endemic species even at low altitudes due to reactions of the soil and the existence of numerous ecological niches. The lora of Monte Marganai also includes 14 alloch63 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo thonous species (2.2% of the total), 4 of which have been considered occasional, 8 naturalized, and 2 invasive. The low number of alien species – particularly of invasive ones – conirms the high degree of naturalness and resilience of the autochthonous lora and vegetation in spite of human activities, especially mining. The analysis of rarity using the method of Rabinowitz (1981) gave the following results (ig. 10): 485 taxa show a wide distribution in the study area (W), 157 a limited distribution (N); 251 show a broad ecological niche (B), 391 a narrow one (R); inally, 288 form extensive populations and are sometimes dominant (L), whereas 354 form small and non-dominant populations (S). All 8 categories resulting from the combination of the three parameters were used: the category with most taxa was WBL (158), followed by WRS (144) and NRS (118); the category with the least taxa was NBL (1). The analysis of the protection status (tab. 3; ig. 11) of the lora showed that 31 species are protected by international law: 28 are listed by CITES, 3 in the Habitats Directive and 1 in the Bern Convention. Comparison with the IUCN Regional Red Lists (Conti et al. 1997) showed that 23 taxa are considered worthy of protection, 4 of which listed as Critically Endangered (CR). The protected species, or those deemed worthy of protection, add up to a total of 51, representing 7.9% of the total lora. 227 185 144 34 16 22 10 20 3 “Pteridophyta” “Gymnospermae” Monocotyledones Rosanae 144 2 Unplaced (Saxifragales) 3 Pinidae Santalanae 16 Polypodiidae Ranunculanae 2 Equisetidae 1 Asteranae 2 Lycopodiidae 2 Caryophyllanae 3 Lilianae 2 Magnolianae 2 479 Eudicotyledones 625 Angiospermae (Magnoliidae) Fig. 3. Systematic groups of the lora of Monte Marganai. 74 66 56 27 27 26 27 19 19 15 e ea rac te As e ea ac b Fa Fig. 4. Most represented families. 64 e e a ce a Po a ce ia Ap e e a ce ica ss Bra e e a ce ida ch Or ea ac mi La ea ac ll hy p ryo Ca e ea lac cu Ra n nu 12 e e a ce bia Ru 13 a ce a gin ra Bo 12 e e a ce a gin nta Pla 12 ea sac Ro 12 e e a ce e ea ac era p Cy 11 rbi Eu o ph a ce ga ara p As FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) 228 95 1 2 2 rept succ succ suffr frut 1 18 19 scap 26 9 rad 1 nat rhiz bulb rad scap caesp 1 par 31 7 lian 35 30 1 ros rept 25 bienn 3 7 scand caesp 8 rept 6 scap 5 par 28 caesp 59 247 188 96 2 44 26 45 T H G I Ch NP P Fig. 5. Detailed biological spectrum (for abbreviations see Appendix). Medit. s.s. 352 (54.3%) Medit.-Atl. 32 (4.9%) Alien taxa 14 (2.2%) Boreo-Trop. 23 (3.5%) Euro-Medit. 87 (13.4%) Circumbor. 25 (3.9%) Cosmop. 17 (2.6%) Medit.-Trop. 5 (0.8%) Medit.-Irano-Turan. 22 (3.4%) Paleotemp. 54 (8.3%) Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. 17 (2.6%) Fig. 6. general chorological spectrum. 65 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Circum-Medit. 201 (57.1%) C-Medit. 5 (1.4%) E-Medit. 2 (0.6%) N-Medit. 6 (1.7%) S-Medit. 8 (2.3%) SW-Medit. 6 (1.7%) Endem. 73 (20.7%) W-Medit. 51(14.5%) Fig. 7. Chorological spectrum of the Mediterranean component. ESA 18 (24.7%) ETI 12 (16.4%) ESC 27 (37.0%) EMOI 10 (13.7%) ETI-NA 1(1.4%) ESS 2 (2.7%) ET 3 (4.1%) Fig. 8. Chorological spectrum of the endemic component. ESA = strict Sardinian endemics; ESC = Sardo-Corsican endemics; ESS= Sardo-Sicilian endemics; ET = strict Tyrrhenian endemics; ETI = Tyrrhenian insular endemics; ETI-NA = Tyrrhenian insular endemics stretching to N-Africa; EMOI = Western Mediterranean insular endemics. Italo-Tyrrhenian superprovince 17 (22.7%) Sardo-Corsican province 27 (36.0%) West-Mediterranean subregion 11 (14.7%) Iglesiente subsector 3 (4.0%) Sardinian subprovince 14 (18.7%) Fig. 9. Biogeographical analysis of the endemic component. 66 Sulcis-Iglesiente sector 1 (1.3%) FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) NRS 118 (18.2%) WRS 144 (22.2%) WRL 99 (15.3%) WBL 158 (24.4%) WBS 84 (13.0%) N.D. 6 (0.9%) NBL 1 (0.2%) NRL 30 (4.6%) NBS 8 (1.2%) Fig. 10. The rarity of taxa according to the tri-factorial categories proposed by Rabinowitz (1981). WBL = widely distributed, wide ecology and large populations, sometimes dominant; WBS = widely distributed, wide ecology and invariably small populations, non-dominant; WRL = widely distributed, restricted ecology and large populations, sometimes dominant; WRS = widely distributed, restricted ecology and invariably small populations, non-dominant; NBL = small territorial distribution, wide ecology and large populations, sometimes dominant; NBS = small territorial distribution, restricted ecology and invariably small populations, non-dominant; N.D. = not deined; NRL = small territorial distribution, restricted ecology and large populations, sometimes dominant; NRS = small territorial distribution, restricted ecology and invariably small populations, non-dominant. 28 11 4 2 (1 Priority) 2 1 Berna 1 4 2 1 All. II e IV All. V 3 Cites 28 DD LR VU EN CR 23 Fig. 11. Protected taxa or taxa listed in the IUCN Regional Red Lists (Conti et al. 1997) (for abbreviations see tab. 3). 67 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Tab. 3. List of taxa and categories of protection: CITES Appendix II, Bern Convention, Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annexes II-IVV). Threat levels according to National and Regional IUCN Red Lists (Data Deicient, Lower Risk, VUlnerable, ENdangered, CRitically endangered). All taxa observed and/or cited for M. Marganai are considered in the table. Taxa Anacamptis collina (Banks et Sol. ex Russel) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W. Chase Anacamptis longicornu (Poir.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W. Chase Anagallis monelli L. subsp. monelli Asplenium obovatum Viv. subsp. lanceolatum (Fiori) P. Silva Bifora testiculata (L.) Spreng. Brassica insularis Moris Cheilanthes acrosticha (Balb.) Tod. Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. hyemalis (Biv.) Babc. Cyclamen repandum Sm. subsp. repandum Delphinium pictum Willd. subsp. pictum Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz var. helleborine Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. Epipactis tremolsii C. Pau Galium glaucophyllum Em. Schmid Genista morisii Colla Geranium robertianum L. Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge Iris foetidissima L. Isoëtes duriei Bory Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. var. abortivum Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. var. trabutianum (Batt.) Schlechter Linum muelleri Moris Mentha requienii Benth. subsp. requienii Nananthea perpusilla (Loisel.) DC. Narcissus tazetta L. subsp. tazetta Ophrys apifera Huds. var. apifera Ophrys bombylilora Link Ophrys chestermanii (J.J. Wood) gölz et H.R. Reinhard Ophrys conradiae Melki et Deschâtres Ophrys eleonorae Devillers-Tersch. et Devillers Ophrys fusca Link Ophrys morisii (Martelli) Soò Ophrys neglecta Parl. Ophrys speculum Link Ophrys x daissiorum Baumann, Kundele, Lorenz et Picc. (O. chestermanii x O. morisii) Orchis anthrophophora (L.) All. Orchis ichnusae (Corrias) Devillers-Tersch. et Devillers Orchis intacta Link Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lam. et DC. Orchis x bornemannii Asch. (O. longicornu x O. papilionacea) Orchis x penzigiana A. Camus nsubsp. sardoa Scrugli et grasso (Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae x O. provincialis) Pinus pinea L. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce Romulea ligustica Parl. Ruscus aculeatus L. Serapias lingua L. Serapias parvilora Parl. Sesleria insularis Sommier subsp. morisiana Arrigoni Silene bellidifolia Jacq. Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. et Link Urginea fugax (Moris) Steinh. 68 Protection or threat level CITES (II) CITES (II) IUCN (LR) IUCN (CR) IUCN (EN) Berna, Dir. 43/92 (All. II-IV) IUCN (LR) IUCN (DD) CITES (II) IUCN (LR) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II); IUCN (EN) IUCN (LR) IUCN (LR) IUCN (VU) CITES (II) IUCN (VU) IUCN (CR) CITES (II) CITES (II); IUCN (DD) Dir. 43/92 (All. II*-IV); IUCN (EN) IUCN (LR) IUCN (LR) IUCN (LR) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) CITES (II) IUCN (LR) IUCN (CR) IUCN (CR) Dir. 43/92 (All. V) CITES (II) CITES (II) IUCN (LR) IUCN (LR) IUCN (VU) IUCN (VU) CITES (II) IUCN (VU) IUCN (LR) FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Tab. 4. Comparison of the lora of Monte Marganai and those of selected mountain massifs of southern Sardinia. N° and % endemics Study area Surface (km2 ) Predominant substrate N° taxa N° taxa/km2 Marganai 36 Palaeozoic limestones and dolomites 648 18.0 73 11.3% M. Arcuentu (Bacchetta et al. 2007c) 52 Tertiary volcanics 556 10.8 54 9.7% Basin of river S. Lucia (Mossa & Bacchetta 1998) 73 Palaeozoic granites and metamorphites 669 9.2 60 9.0% M. Arcosu (Mossa et al. 1996) 32 Palaeozoic metamorphites 520 16.3 46 8.8% M. Arci (Mulas 1990) 70 Tertiary volcanics 532 7.6 23 4.3% M. Linas (Angiolino & Chiappini 1983) n.d. Palaeozoic granites and metamorphites 454 n.d. 48 10.6% VEgETATION The knowledge of the vegetation of the Iglesiente area is rather incomplete and patchy in relation to the methodologies used and to the investigated areas and habitats. The irst, general information on the subject was provided by Della Marmora (1839) and Angius (1851). More recent and detailed contributions can be found in the works of De Marco & Mossa (1983), Mossa (1990) and Bartolo et al. (1992) on the psammophilous vegetation of SW Sardinia, the Portixeddu dune ield (Buggerru and Fluminimaggiore communes) and the stretch of coast reaching the dune system of Pistis and Torre dei Corsari (Arbus). The publication of the real vegetation map (scale 1:200,000) of the Cagliari province by Mossa et al. (1991) represented the basis for all subsequent synphytosociological studies in the area. At the end of the 1990s research in this ield was greatly boosted with regard to the study of the post-mining landscape, particularly in the districts of Monteponi, Montevecchio, and all the post-mining areas of Marganai (Barraxiutta, Sa Duchessa, Arenas, Tinny and Malacalzetta). Angiolini & Bacchetta's (2003) paper on a Santolina insularis community was followed by a more in-depth analysis of the vegetation growing on substrates polluted by heavy metals (Angiolini et al. 2005); more recently, speciic geosynphytosociological studies have been carried out in the post-mining areas of Monteponi and Montevecchio (Zavattero et al. 2006; Bacchetta et al. 2007a). Several analyses of the forest vegetation have also been recently concluded, such as those on thermoxerophilous wild olive formations (Bacchetta et al. 2003) and cork oak-holm oak forests (Bacchetta et al. 2004); additionally, phytosociological analyses of the riparian vegetation (Bacchetta & Mossa 2004) and caespitose graminaceae permanent meadows (Bacchetta et al. 2005) have been performed. In 2006 a vegetational survey of the Iglesiente region was carried out in the framework of the PFAR project (Piano Forestale ed Ambientale Regionale): a forest district (Linas-Marganai n. 19) and two sub-districts (19a centre-north and 19b south) (Bacchetta et al. 2007a) were characterized in the area. Based upon the above studies and planning tools, the physiognomic-structural vegetation types of Marganai are reported below. cliMAtoPhilous And edAPhoXeRoPhilous FoRest vegetAtion Holm oak forests. Holm oak forests dominate the vegetational landscape of the Marganai massif and, in general, that of Sardinia. Quercus ilex shows a wide ecological breadth and can be found from the lowest altitudes to the summits of Punta San Michele and Campu Spina, forming extensive forests particularly on the western and northern slopes. Bacchetta et al. (2004) placed the Marganai holm oak forests within 3 associations: Pyro spinosae-Quercetum ilicis corr., Prasio majoris-Quercetum ilicis and Aceri monspessulani-Quer69 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo cetum ilicis. These associations are attributed to the Sardo-Corsican sub-alliance Clematido cirrhosae-Quercenion ilicis of the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis. Cork oak forests. Approximately 80% of the entire Italian cork oak cover can be found in Sardinia (Corona et al. 1989). Quercus suber is frequently considered a more xerophilous and thermophilous species than holm oak (giacomini & Fenaroli 1958), and cork oak forests have been considered until now as a degradation, transitional and often non-dynamic phase of holm oak forests (Mossa 1985; Pignatti 1998). Recently, Serra et al. (2002) and Rivas-Martínez et al. (2003) have recognized, also in the Iglesiente area, the presence of Sardinian Quercus suber associations within the Quercion ilicis alliance (sub-alliance Quercenion ilicis). In particular, Rivas-Martínez et al. (2003) proposed the association Galio scabri-Quercetum suberis. Bacchetta et al. (2004) accepted these interpretations and refer the cork oak forest of the north-western part of Marganai to the association Galio scabri-Quercetum suberis, placing this coenosis within the sub-alliance Clematido cirrhosae-Quercenion ilicis of the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis. Olive forests. The wild olive forests situated on the northern slopes of Monte Marganai are usually referred to the association Asparago albi-Oleetum sylvestris (Bacchetta et al. 2003). This phytocoenosis occurs on calcareous substrates up to 400–500 m, always in thermoxerophilous locations. Juniper forests. Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus is lacking in the whole Marganai area, and only J. phoenicia subsp. turbinata can be found, forming thermoMediterranean edaphoxerophilous micro-forests on the southern slope of the massif, all referable to the association Oleo sylvestris-Juniperetum turbinatae. edAPhohYgRoPhilous FoRest vegetAtion Deciduous forest communities of Populus alba, P. nigra, Fraxinus oxycarpa, Salix alba, S. atrocinerea and Ulmus minor can be found along the river banks on the northern side of the massif near Tempio di Antas, and outside the Domusnovas caves. Such coenoses have not been described and can be framed, at the syntaxonomic level, within the alliance Populion albae, sub-alliances Populenion albae and Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris. deciduous shRublAnds The deciduous mantle of the more mesophilous for70 ests of Monte Marganai can be referred to the associations Vinco sardoae-Rubetum ulmifolii, Clematido cirrhosae-Crataegetum monogynae and Crataego monogynae-Pyretum spinosae corr. (Filigheddu et al. 1999; Biondi et al. 2002). Bramble scrublands can be found mainly around Iglesias towards the Punta gennarta basin, whereas hawthorn and blackthorn formations are characteristic of the north-western (Malacalzetta) and eastern parts of the study area, particularly in the higher areas of the Oridda and Matzanni valleys. eveRgReen shRublAnds Maquis formations, generally resulting from the degradation of evergreen forest coenoses, and ascribed to the order Quercetalia calliprini (= Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni) of the class Quercetea ilicis. Communities growing on mainly calcareous substrates, included in the alliance Oleo-Ceratonion siliquae, have been referred to the associations Clematido cirrhosae-Pistacietum lentisci (Arrigoni & Di Tommaso 1991) and Asparago albi-Euphorbietum dendroidis (Biondi & Mossa 1992). On the other hand, calcifugous shrublands of the Marganai area, belonging to the associations Erico arboreae-Arbutetum unedonis Ericion arboreae in meso-Mediterranean habitats (Biondi et al. 2001; Rivas-Martínez et al. 2003) and Pistacio lentisci-Calicotometum villosae in thermo-Mediterranean habitats, are ascribed to the alliance Ericion arboreae. gARRigues The chamaephyte and nanophanerophyte communities of Sardinia in general, and of the Iglesiente area in particular, are referred to two vegetation classes: the prevalently calcifugous and silicolous CistoLavanduletea, and the mainly calcicolous Rosmarinetea oficinalis. garrigues belonging to the irst class are referred to two different alliances: Teucrion mari and Anthyllion hermanniae. In the study area only the former one occurs: a Sardo-Corsican endemic alliance grouping together all the thermo-meso-Mediterranean chamaephytic communities, particularly of the associations Stachydi glutinosae-Genistetum corsicae (Biondi et al. 2001) and Lavandulo stoechadisCistetum monspeliensis (Arrigoni et al. 1996). The calcicolous garrigues of the class Rosmarinetea oficinalis have been ascribed to the central Mediterranean alliance Cisto eriocephali-Ericion multilorae (Biondi 2000), which includes the associations Rosmarino oficinalis-Thymelaeetum tartonrairae and Dorycnio FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) pentaphylli-Cistetum eriocephali (Biondi et al. 2001). In the post-mining landscapes there are also many types of garrigue belonging to the special Sardinian vegetation series of substrates polluted by heavy metals, which includes many associations treated separately in the section about azonal vegetation. tae. In Sardinia, and particularly in the study area, the following associations belonging to this class occur: Bupleuro fontanesii-Scorpiuretum muricati (Biondi et al. 2001), Allietum chamaemoly (Valsecchi 1976), Lophochloo cristatae-Plantaginetum lagopi, Valantio muralis-Sedetum caerulei (Biondi & Mossa 1992), Tuberario guttati-Plantaginetum bellardii and Sedetum caerulei (Biondi & Bagella 2005). PeRenniAl gRAsslAnds The meadow and pasture vegetation, dominated by perennial species (hemicryptophytes and geophytes), has been subject to few phytosociological studies in Sardinia. The dense Brachypodium retusum formations, ascribable to the alliance Thero-Brachypodion ramosi and widespread in the thermo and mesoMediterranean belts of the island, have been included in the association Asphodelo africani-Brachypodietum retusi corr., described from the Cagliari hills (Biondi & Mossa 1992) and later found also in other areas of Sardinia (Biondi et al. 2001) including the Marganai massif. Recently, Bacchetta et al. (2005) – in the framework of a revision of the above-mentioned alliance – described other associations (Dorycnio suffruticosi-Stipetum offneri, Stipo bromoidis-Astragaletum verrucosi, Triseto splendentis-Brachypodietum retusi, Ranunculo graminei-Brachypodietum retusi and Melico ciliatae-Brachypodietum retusi) occurring on several parts of the island. The anthropogenic perennial grasslands, with a predominantly autumn phenology, were studied in the Nurra area (Biondi et al. 2001) and have been referred, in the study area and within the class Artemisietea vulgaris, to the associations Scillo obtusifoliae-Bellidetum sylvestris and Scillo autumnalis-Bellidetum sylvestris. Both coenoses are frequently found throughout the massif: the irst in more rupicolous habitats, the second generally in more nitriied areas with deeper soils. The tall thermo-Mediterranean savannah-like grasslands, found only in the thermophilous basal areas of the southern slope of Monte Marganai, are included in the class Lygeo-Stipetea and referred to the association Hyparrhenietum hirto-pubescentis (Valsecchi 1976). Pastures – prevalently sheep grazing ones – can be found only in the north-western parts of Marganai and belong to the association Poo bulbosae-Trifolietum subterranei of the class Poetea bulbosae (Ladero et al. 1992). AnnuAl gRAsslAnds Annual grasslands are generally ascribable, in the Mediterranean region, to the class Tuberarietea gutta- AzonAl vegetAtion Psammophilous vegetation. The coastal psammophilous communities of Sardinia have been thoroughly investigated (Valsecchi & Diana-Corrias 1973; De Marco & Mossa 1975; Chiesura-Lorenzoni & Lorenzoni 1984; géhu et al. 1984; Mossa 1990; Valsecchi & Bagella 1991; Bartolo et al. 1992; Biondi 1992; Biondi & Mossa 1992; Filigheddu & Valsecchi 1992; Mayer 1995; Biondi et al. 2001; Biondi & Bagella 2005). However, these analyses did not include inland dune systems such as that of Arenas in the northernmost part of Marganai. In this area, therophyte communities with a late winter-spring phenology can be found; they fall within the alliance Tuberarion guttatae and form a mosaic with garrigues belonging to the endemic alliance Teucrion mari and to forest coenoses and maquis of the alliance Juniperion turbinatae. Rupicolous vegetation. From a phytosociological standpoint the rupicolous vegetation of Sardinia falls mostly within the class Asplenietea trichomanis, while the chomophytic communities of the order Anomodonto-Polypodietea are included in the class Anomodonto-Polypodietalia. The plant communities colonizing the rocky habitats – sometimes also the walls – of the Marganai area can be referred to the following alliances: Dianthion mossani nom. prov. and Hyoserido taurinae-Bellidion canescentis nom. prov. of the order Asplenietalia glandulosi; Phagnalo saxatilisCheilanthion maderensis of the order Cheilanthetalia maranto-maderensi; and Polypodion serrati, BartramioPolypodion serrati and Arenarion balearicae of the order Anomodonto-Polypodietalia. However, phytosociological studies on the chasmophytic, chasmochomophytic and chomophytic vegetation of the area, allowing to classify the coenoses into associations, have yet to be pursued. Riparian vegetation. The riparian vegetation of Sardinia – intended not only as riparian forest vegetation but also including the other vegetation types found within the banks of water courses – has been studied generically (Pedrotti & gafta 1996) or with regard 71 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo to individual basins (Arrigoni 1986; Camarda et al. 1995) or single associations (Brullo 1993; Filigheddu et al. 1999). The only study on the Iglesiente region is the one by Bacchetta & Mossa (2004) on the rhizophytic hydrophilic vegetation (Caricion microcarpae), for which two sub-associations placed in Hyperico hircini-Caricetum microcarpae are described. These communities can only be found close to the main springs and sources along the lower parts of the San Benedetto and Antas rivers, as well as upstream and downstream the San giovanni caves. Vegetation of post-mining environments. The Sulcis-Iglesiente region is one of the most important mining areas of Sardinia. The Marganai massif, in particular, is part of the territory commonly indicated as the "metalliferous ring". Ever since very ancient times these areas have been exploited for various types of mineral, essentially ones containing lead and zinc (e.g. galena and blenda), and particular vegetation series have developed in connection with mine dumps and decantation and lotation basins. In recent years speciic analyses have been carried out in the area, with the description of new taxa (e.g. Echium anchusoides) and syntaxa. The coenoses found so far in the Marganai area are: Helichryso tyrrhenici-Dianthetum sardoi, Coincyo recurvatae-Helichrysetum tyrrhenici, Resedo luteolae-Limonietum merxmuelleri, Ptilostemono casabonae-Iberidetum integerrimae (Angiolini et al. 2005), and Euphorbio cupanii-Santolinetum insularis (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003), all of which are referable to the Sardinian endemic alliance Ptilostemono casabonae-Euphorbion cupanii, order ScrophularioHelichrysetalia italici and class Scrophulario-Helichrysetea italici. On the other hand, the associations Dorycnio suffruticosi-Genistetum corsicae and Polygalo sardoae-Linetum muelleri (Angiolini et al. 2005) belong to class Cisto-Lavanduletea, order Lavanduletalia stoechadis, alliance Teucrion mari. As concerns the synphytosociological and geosynphytosociological approach, all vegetation series and geoseries found in the area of Marganai are schematically described hereunder. sARdiniAn theRMo-MediteRRAneAn JUNIPERUS TURBI- NATA seRies (OLEO-JUNIPERETUM TURBINATAE) Physiognomy, structure and loristic features of the climax. Micro-forests or maquis formations, consisting of prostrate small trees strongly shaped by the wind, with a prevalence of Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata and Olea europaea var. sylvestris. The shrub layer 72 is characterized by distinctly thermophilous species such as Asparagus albus, Euphorbia dendroides, Pistacia lentiscus and Phillyrea angustifolia. The most frequent herbaceous species seems to be Brachypodium retusum. Lithomorphological and climatic characterization. The series occurs along the piedmont belt and in small summit areas of Punta S. Michele on limestone soils. It can be found between 100 and 800 m. in Mediterranean oceanic-pluviseasonal bioclimatic conditions, in the dry thermo-Mediterranean phytoclimatic belt, sometimes with penetrations into the lower mesoMediterranean upper dry to upper subhumid belt. Prefers SE-, S- and SW-facing slopes. Serial succession. Substitution communities consist of thermophilous shrublands (Asparago albi-Euphorbietum dendroidis) which, in particular morphological and lithological conditions, can form permanent communities, e.g. pioneer and edaphically little demanding garrigues (Stachydi glutinosae-Genistetum corsicae subass. teucrietosum mari); discontinuous perennial grasslands (Asphodelo africani-Brachypodietum retusi, Melico ciliatae-Brachypodietum retusi); and therophytic formations (Sedetum caerulei, Lophochloo cristatae-Plantaginetum lagopi, Aveno sterilis-Stipetum capensis, and Hypochaeris achyrophorus and Tuberaria guttata formations). sARdiniAn theRMo-MediteRRAneAn Wild olive seRies (ASPARAGO ALBI-OLEETUM SYLVESTRIS) Physiognomy, structure and loristic features of the climax. Climatophilous and edaphoxerophilous micro-forests with Olea europaea var. sylvestris and Pistacia lentiscus dominance. Together with the juniper communities they are the most xeric formations of the area, and are accompanied by a thermophilous lora that includes species such as Euphorbia dendroides, Asparagus albus and, more rarely, Chamaerops humilis. Arisarum vulgare and Umbilicus rupestris are frequently found in the herb layer. Lithomorphological and climatic characterization. This series reaches altitudes of 300–400 m in the piedmont belt, independent of soil characteristics; it is limited to the upper thermo-Mediterranean bioclimate, with ombrotypes varying from low dry to low sub-humid. Serial succession. Substitution communities consist of shrublands dominated by Pistacia lentiscus and Calicotome villosa (Pistacio-Chamaeropetum humilis subass. calicotometosum villosae), garrigues of the classes Cisto-Lavanduletea and Rosmarinetea, perennial Dactylis hispanica and Brachypodium retusum grasslands and therophytic formations of the class Tuberarietea guttatae, order Trachynetalia distachyae. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) sARdiniAn theRMo-MediteRRAneAn holM oAK seRies (PYRO SPINOSAE-QUERCETUM ILICIS) Physiognomy, structure and loristic features of the climax. Climatophilous evergreen micro-forests of Quercus ilex and Quercus suber. The shrub layer is formed by deciduous species such as Pyrus spinosa, Prunus spinosa and Crataegus monogyna, along with thermophilous species like Myrtus communis subsp. communis, Pistacia lentiscus and Rhamnus alaternus. The vine/liana stratum is rich in species, with Clematis cirrhosa, Tamus communis, Smilax aspera, Rubia peregrina, Lonicera implexa and Rosa sempervirens; the herbaceous layer consists of Stipa bromoides and Brachypodium retusum. Lithomorphological and climatic characterization. The series is found on clayey soils with a mixed calcareous-siliceous matrix, especially in the alluvial plains; always occurs in Mediterranean oceanic-pluviseasonal bioclimatic conditions, in the thermoMediterranean phytoclimatic belt, with ombrotypes varying from upper dry (soil-compensated) to low sub-humid. Serial succession. Substitution communities are represented by tall and dense shrublands with Pistacia lentiscus, Rhamnus alaternus, Pyrus spinosa, Crataegus monogyna, Myrtus communis subsp. communis (association Crataego monogynae-Pistacietum lentisci), garrigues of the alliance Teucrion mari, perennial grasslands of Brachypodion ramosi, sometimes mixed with hemicryptophytic and geophytic autumn-lowering meadows of the association Scillo obtusifoliae-Bellidetum sylvestris. sARdiniAn theRMo-Meso-MediteRRAneAn holM oAK seRies (PRASIO MAJORIS-QUERCETUM ILICIS QUERCETOSUM ILICIS And PHILLYREETOSUM ANGUSTIFOLIAE) Physiognomy, structure and loristic features of the climax. Climatophilous micro-mesoforest of Quercus ilex, with Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata and Olea europaea var. sylvestris. The shrub layer includes Pistacia lentiscus, Rhamnus alaternus, Phillyrea latifolia, Erica arborea and Arbutus unedo. Phillyrea angustifolia, Myrtus communis subsp. communis and Quercus suber characterize the more acidophilous communities (subass. phyllireetosum angustifoliae) growing on metamorphic rocks at the margins of the metalliferous ring. The presence of vine/liana species such as Clematis cirrhosa, Prasium majus, Smilax aspera, Rubia peregrina, Lonicera implexa and Tamus communis is consistent. geophytes (Arisarum vulgare, Cyclamen repandum, Asparagus acu- tifolius, Ruscus aculeatus) are also abundant, whereas hemicryptophytes (Carex distachya, Pulicaria odora, Asplenium onopteris) are less frequent. Lithomorphological and climatic characterization. Edaphically indifferent series. The typical subassociation quercetosum ilicis occurs on several types of substrate between 60 and 340 m, in upper thermoMediterranean and low meso-Mediterranean bioclimates with ombrotypes ranging from upper dry to low sub-humid. On the other hand, the subassociation phillyreetosum angustifoliae grows on metamorphic soils between 20 and 160 m, under the same bioclimatic conditions. Serial succession. Pre-forest substitution communities are represented by tall maquis of the association Erico arboreae-Arbutetum unedonis. Shrublands growing on acidic soils are referable to the association Pistacio lentisci-Calicotometum villosae, those growing on alkaline substrates to the association Clematido cirrhosae-Pistacietum lentisci. Cistus monspeliensis garrigues (Lavandulo stoechadis-Cistetum monspeliensis) are dominant on acidic soils, whereas on calcareous substrates nanophanerophytic communities of the association Dorycnio pentaphylli-Cistetum eriocephali occur. Herbaceous substitution coenoses are represented by permanent meadows of the class Poetea bulbosae, and therophytic communities of the class Tuberarietea guttatae. sARdiniAn cAlcicolous Meso-suPRA-MediteRRAne- An holM oAK seRies (ACERI MONSPESSULANI-QUERCE- TUM ILICIS) Physiognomy, structure and loristic features of the climax. Climatophilous micro-mesoforest dominated by holm oak and sclerophyllic species such as Phillyrea latifolia, and secondarily by lauriphyllic (Ilex aquifolium), deciduous (Acer monspessulanum) and geophytic (e.g. Paeonia corsica, Epipactis microphylla and E. helleborine) species. The sub-association arbutetosum unedi is the most thermophilous and characteristic feature of the highly decarbonated Palaeozoic substrate of the Sulcis and southern Iglesiente areas. Here, it forms a particular vegetation series the degradation phases of which invariably consist of mantles of the Pruno-Rubion alliance, the edges of which are generally formed by shrubs such as Bupleurum fruticosum and Erica scoparia, followed by hemicryptophytic grasslands of ferrous clay soils belonging to the association Poo-Trifolietum subterranei. Lithomorphological and climatic characterization. Series occurring exclusively on limestone sub73 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo strates of calcareous and calcareous-dolomitic origin and, in the Sulcis area only, on metacalcareous soils. Its bioclimatic optimum is represented by the low supra-Mediterranean belt with a lower humid ombrotype. In the study area it is found only above 650 m on the north- and west-facing slopes. Serial succession. Substitution communities are given by mantle shrublands of the Pruno-Rubion alliance, with herbaceous edges predominantly belonging to the order Geranio purpurei-Cardaminetalia hirsutae. sARdiniAn cAlciFugous theRMo-Meso-MediteRRA- neAn coRK oAK seRies (GALIO SCABRI-QUERCETUM SU- BERIS) Physiognomy, structure and loristic features of the climax. Quercus suber meso-forest with Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Phillyrea latifolia, Myrtus communis subsp. communis and Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus. Herbaceous layer characterized by Galium scabrum, Cyclamen repandum subsp. repandum and Ruscus aculeatus. Lithomorphological and climatic characterization. This series mainly occurs on the granitic substrates of eastern and southern-central Sardinia (subass. quercetosum suberis), sometimes also on metamorphic substrates (subass. rhamnetosum alaterni), between 200 and 550 m, always in Mediterranean oceanicpluviseasonal bioclimates with thermotypes and ombrotypes varying from upper thermo-Mediterranean low sub-humid to low meso-Mediterranean upper sub-humid. The series seems to be restricted to the most northern part of Marganai, particularly in the areas descending from Malacalzetta to Antas; it is also present on the southern slope of Punta Serra Pirastru, between 625 and about 770 m, below Punta s'Ixi. Serial succession. The forest vegetation is substituted by shrubland formations referable to the association Erico arboreae-Arbutetum unedoni and by Cistus monspeliensis and C. salviifolius garrigues; these are followed by permanent hemicryptophytic grasslands of the class Poetea bulbosae and therophytic grasslands of the class Tuberarietea guttatae. edAPhohYgRoPhilous PlAin geosigMetuM (POPULENION ALBAE, FRAXINO ANGUSTIFOLIAE-ULMENION MINORIS, SALICION ALBAE) Physiognomy, structure and loristic features of the climax. Edaphohygrophilous and/or plain deciduous meso-forests formed by Populus alba, Populus 74 nigra, Ulmus minor, Fraxinus oxycarpa and Salix spp., generally showing a two-layer structure. Herbaceous layer variable according to lood periods; shrub layer frequently absent or consisting of thorny bushes. Lithomorphological and climatic characterization. This geosigmetum is found in Mediterranean pluviseasonal-oceanic bioclimates with thermotypes varying from upper thermo-Mediterranean to lower meso-Mediterranean; occurs on different types of substrate always characterized by containing ine sedimentary material, mainly silt and clay, part of which can be found in suspension. The waters show a high nitrate and carbonate content, are rich in organic matter, and often show signs of eutrophication. Serial succession. The serial phases are spatially arranged in an outward direction from the water course. generally, scrublands formed by Salix spp., Rubus spp., Tamarix spp. and other caespitose phanerophytes such as Nerium oleander or Sambucus nigra are present. External to these, helophytic and/or helophytic-rhizophytic communities ascribable to the class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea occur. sYntAXonoMic scheMe Finally, a syntaxonomic scheme is proposed summarizing all the forest phytocoenoses described so far in the Marganai area. QUERCETEA ILICIS Br.-Bl. ex A. & O. Bolòs 1950 Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934 Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi, Casavecchia & gigante 2003 Clematido cirrhosae-Quercenion ilicis Bacch., Bagella, Biondi, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2004 Pyro spinosae-Quercetum ilicis Biondi, Filigheddu & Farris 2001 corr. Prasio majoris-Quercetum ilicis Bacch., Bagella, Biondi, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2004 quercetosum ilicis Bacch., Bagella, Biondi, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2004 phillyreetosum angustifoliae Bacch., Bagella, Biondi, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2004 Galio scabri-Quercetum ilicis gamisans (1977) 1986 ilicetosum aquifolii Bacch., Bagella, Biondi, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2004 clematidetosum cirrhosae (Ubaldi 2003) Bacch., Bagella, Biondi, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2004 Aceri monspessulani-Quercetum ilicis Arrigoni, Di Tommaso & Mele 1985 arbutetosum unedonis Bacch., Bagella, Bion- FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) di, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2004 Galio scabri-Quercetum suberis Rivas-Martínez, Biondi, Costa & Mossa 2003 quercetosum suberis Rivas-Martínez, Biondi, Costa & Mossa 2003 rhamnetosum alaterni Bacch., Bagella, Biondi, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2004 Ericion arboreae (Rivas-Martínez ex Rivas-Martínez, Costa & Izco 1986) Rivas-Martínez 1987 Erico arboreae-Arbutetum unudi Allier & Lacoste 1980 Quercetalia calliprini Zohary (1955) Juniperion turbinatae Rivas-Martínez 1975 corr. 1987 Oleo-Juniperetum turbinatae Arrigoni, Bruno, De Marco & Veri 1985 corr. Oleo-Ceratonion siliquae Br.-Bl. ex guinochet & Drouineau 1944 em. Rivas-Martínez 1975 Asparago albi-Oleetum sylvestris Bacch., Bagella, Biondi, Farris, Filigheddu & Mossa 2003 SALICI PURPUREAE-POPULETEA NIGRAE Rivas-Martínez & P. Canto ex Rivas-Martínez, Bascones, T.E. Díaz, Fernández gonzález & Loidi 2001 Populetalia albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948 Populion albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948 Populenion albae Br.-Bl. 1931 em. Rivas-Martínez 1975 Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris Rivas-Martínez 1975 NERIO-TAMARICETEA Br.-Bl. & O. Bolòs 1958 Tamaricetalia Br.-Bl. & O. Bolòs 1958 Tamaricion africanae Br.-Bl. & O. Bolòs 1958 Rubo ulmifolii-Nerion oleandri O. Bolòs 1985 DISCUSSION Chorological data (igs 6–8), both for the lora as a whole and for the endemic lora, conirm the biogeographical classiication proposed by Bacchetta & Pontecorvo (2005), who characterized a SulcisIglesiente sector subdivided into two sub-sectors: Sulcis and Iglesiente. These can be placed within the Mediterranean biogeographical region, W-Mediterranean subregion and Italo-Tyrrhenian superprovince (giacomini & Fenaroli 1958; Takhtajan 1986; Ladero Alvarez et al. 1987). The latter includes three biogeographical provinces, among which the SardoCorsican one (giacomini 1958; Ladero Alvarez et al. 1987), formed by the two sub-provinces – Sardinian and Corsican – as suggested already by giacomini & Fenaroli (1958). The present analyses show that the lora of Monte Marganai is richer – both in terms of quantity and quality – than in other areas of southern Sardinia of comparable size (tab. 4). The higher number of taxa found at Marganai (648) compared to other mountain ranges studied in Sulcis and Iglesiente can be attributed to the prevalently calcareous nature of the geological substrate, the rough morphology which allows the presence of numerous ecological niches, and the altitudinal range of the area that includes various thermotypes and ombrotypes. The lora of Monte Marganai is numerically only just lower than that of Rio Santa Lucia (Mossa & Bacchetta 1998), where 669 species were assessed. This is not the result of different lithological and pedological conditions in both territories, but can be ascribed to the greater climatic variability of the Rio Santa Lucia basin in relation to its proximity to the sea and its wider altitudinal range. The number of endemic species found at Rio Santa Lucia (60 = 9%) is lower than at Marganai (75 = 11.5%), which shows the highest absolute value in this respect despite its smaller size. This shows that the biodiversity richness of Marganai is qualitative as well as quantitative and conirms the high naturalness of the area. Several interesting taxa can be counted among the endemics, like those exclusive of the Sulcis-Iglesiente sector (1 taxon) and of the Iglesiente sub-sector (3). Two of the latter are exclusive of the Palaeozoic limestones of southern Iglesiente: Sesleria insularis subsp. morisiana, the main areale of which is included within the study area, and Linum muelleri. The other species exclusive of the above sector and sub-sector are Helychrysum montelinasanum, which occurs in various areas of Sulcis besides on Monte Linas, and Genista sulcitana, exclusive of the Iglesiente in spite of its name. All eight categories of rarity suggested by Rabinowitz (1981) were used to describe the Monte Marganai lora. This would appear to be in contrast with what expressed in the subsequent work by Rabinowitz et al. (1986), but it can be related to the limited extension of the study area. The category the existence of which is considered doubtful by Rabinowitz (NBS) was used for eight taxa, while the least used category was NBL (1). It is understandable that in a large territory it is improbable for a species to show a reduced distribution, wide ecological breadth and occur in small populations; however, this can occur at the scale of just a few square kilometres in territories with fragmented and localized habitats. From a vegetational point of view, noteworthy is the presence in the area of a high diversity of forest habi75 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo tats, which can be ascribed to 3 classes, 4 orders, 6 alliances, 3 sub-alliances, 7 associations and 7 subassociations. In addition, 6 vegetation series and 1 riparian geosigmetum are present in the area. The dominant forests are the holm oak ones with three associations: Pyro spinosae-Quercetum ilicis, Prasio majoris-Quercetum ilicis and Aceri monspessulani-Quercetum ilicis, distributed from the base to the summit of the massif. Quercus suber forests belonging to the association Galio scabri-Quercetum suberis develop on the crystalline substrates of the northern part of the massif. All these forest formations are to be referred to the endemic Sardo-Corsican sub-alliance Clematido cirrhosae-Quercenion ilicis. The forest formations of Ilex aquifolium and Acer monspessulanum are of great interest; these formations, which besides at Marganai can only be found in a few localities of Monte Linas and Sulcis in southern Sardinia, witness the high degree of oceanity of the area, caused by the proximity of the massif to the sea and the dominance of cool and humid westerly streams. The dune system of Arenas, in the north, is one of the main particularities of the study area: situated at a mean altitude of approximately 550 m, it hosts therophytic communities with a late winterspring phenology that form a mosaic with garrigue types referable to the endemic alliance Teucrion mari and to the forest and maquis communities of the Juniperion turbinatae alliance. Some very interesting formations, which are the subject of ongoing studies, are the rupicolous ones and those growing on postmining substrates; these are characterized by a high 76 percentage of endemic taxa that underline the high speciicity and selectivity of these environments. As far as conservation aspects are concerned (tab. 3; ig. 11), the high naturalness of the study area – an aspect which is improving further still after the abandoning of mining activities – allows to conirm the presence of many habitats included in Annex I of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC. These are: Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests (Code 9340), arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp. (5210), pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the TheroBrachypodietea (6220), thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub (5330), Quercus suber forests (9330), Olea and Ceratonia forests (9320), calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation (8210), southern riparian galleries and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae) (92D0). The analyses carried out during the present study conirm that the Marganai massif is an area of high naturalness in which important natural restoration processes are taking place, and which shows high coeficients of both qualitative and quantitative loristic and vegetational diversity. Acknowledgements We would like thank the staff at the Ente Foreste Sardegna barracks of Case Marganai for their constant support and Dr. Mauro Casti (Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari) for the collaboration and information given. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Plants of Monte Marganai – 1 Top row: Arenaria balearica L. (photo by C. Pontecorvo); Biscutella morisiana Raffaelli (photo by C. Pontecorvo); Bituminaria morisiana (Pignatti & Metlesics) greuter (photos by C. Pontecorvo & g. Bacchetta). Middle row: Brimeura fastigiata (Viv.) Chouard; Borago pygmaea (DC.) Chater & greuter; Brassica insularis Moris (photos by g. Bacchetta). Bottom row: Bryonia marmorata Petit (photo by g. Bacchetta); Cymbalaria aequitriloba (Viv.) A. Chev. subsp. aequitriloba (photo by C. Pontecorvo); Crocus minimus DC (photo by g. Bacchetta). 77 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Plants of Monte Marganai – 2 Top row: Digitalis purpurea L. var. gyspergerae (Rouy) (photo by g. Bacchetta); Dipsacus ferox Loisel. (photo by g. Bacchetta); Echium anchusoides Bacch., Brullo & Selvi (photo by g. Bacchetta). Middle row: Euphorbia pithyusa L. subsp. cupanii (guss. ex Bertol.) Radcl.-Sm.; Euphorbia spinosa L. subsp. spinosa; Helichrysum montelinasanum Ed. Schmid (photos by C. Pontecorvo). Bottom row: Iberis integerrima Moris (photo by C. Pontecorvo); Linum muelleri Moris (photo by C. Pontecorvo); Mentha requienii Benth. subsp. requienii (photo by g. Bacchetta). 78 FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Plants of Monte Marganai – 3 Top row: Nananthea perpusilla (Loisel.) DC.; Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) greute; Romulea ligustica Parl. (photos by C. Pontecorvo). Middle row: Santolina insularis (gennari ex Fiori) Arrigoni (photo by g. Bacchetta); Stachys corsica Pers. (photo by g. Bacchetta); Seseli praecox (gamisans) gamisans (photo by C. Pontecorvo). Bottom row: Sesleria insularis Sommier ssp. morisiana Arrigoni (photos by C. Pontecorvo); Urtica atrovirens Req. ex Loisel. (photo by C. Pontecorvo); Ornithogalum corsicum Jord. et Fourr (photo by g. Bacchetta). 79 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo APPENDIX – CHECKLIST OF THE FLORA OF MARgANAI indeX oF suPRAgeneRic tAXA oF the clAss eQuisetoPsidA LYCOPODIIDAE Beketov (1863) selAginellAles Prantl (1874) Selaginellaceae Willk. (1854) isoetAles Prantl (1874) Isoetaceae Rchb. (1828) OPHIOgLOSSIDAE Klinge (1882) oPhioglossAles Newman (1840) Ophioglossaceae C. Agardh (1822) EQUISETIDAE Warm. (1883) eQuisetAles DC. ex Bercht. et J. Presl (1820) Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC. (1804) POLYPODIIDAE Cronquist, Takht. et Zimmerm. (1966) PolYPodiAles Schimp. (1822) Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy (1909) Pteridaceae Newman (1840) Aspleniaceae Newman (1840) Dryopteridaceae Herter (1849) Polypodiaceae Bercht. et J. Presl (1820) PINIDAE Cronquist, Takht. et Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996) PinAles gorozh. & Lekts (1904) Cupressaceae Gray (1821) Pinaceae Adans. (1763) MAgNOLIIDAE Novak ex Takht. (1967) MAgnoliAnAe Takht. (1967) PiPeRAles Dumort. (1829) Aristolochiaceae Juss. (1789) lAuRAles Perleb (1826) Lauraceae Juss. (1789) liliAnAe Takht. (1967) AlisMAtAles Dumort. (1829) Araceae Juss. (1789) dioscoRAles Hook.f. (1873) Dioscoreaceae R. Br. (1810) LILIALES Perleb (1826) Colchicaceae DC. (1804) Smilacaceae Vent. (1799) Liliaceae Juss. (1789) AsPARAgAles Bromhead (1838) Orchidaceae Adans. (1763) Iridaceae Juss. (1789) Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort. (1829) Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil.(1805) Asparagaceae Juss. (1789) PoAles Small (1903) Typhaceae Juss. (1789) Juncaceae Juss. (1789) Cyperaceae Juss. (1789) 80 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 89 90 90 90 91 91 91 91 FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh. (1895) RAnunculAnAe Takht. (1967) RAnunculAles Dumort. (1829) Papaveraceae Juss. (1789) Ranunculaceae Juss. (1789) UNPLACED ORDER sAXiFRAgAles Dumort. (1829) Paeoniaceae Raf. (1815) Saxifragaceae Juss. (1789) Crassulaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805) RosAnAe Takht. (1967) vitAles Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl. (1820) Vitaceae Juss. (1789) zYgoPhYllAles Link (1829) Zygophyllaceae R. Br. (1814) FAbAles Bromhead (1838) Fabaceae Lindl. (1836) Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809) RosAles Perleb (1826) Rosaceae Juss. (1789) Rhamnaceae Juss. (1789) Ulmaceae Mirb. (1815) Cannabaceae Martinov (1820) Moraceae Link (1831) Urticaceae Juss. (1789) FAgAles Engl. (1892) Fagaceae Dumort. (1829) Betulaceae Gray (1821) cucuRbitAles Dumort. (1829) Cucurbitaceae Juss. (1789) oXAlidAles Heintze (1927) Oxalidaceae R. Br. (1818) MAlPighiAles Mart. (1835) Euphorbiaceae Juss. (1789) Salicaceae Mirb. (1815) Violaceae Batsch (1802) Linaceae DC. ex Perleb (1818) Hypericaceae Juss. (1789) geRAniAles Dumort. (1829) Geraniaceae Juss. (1789) MYRtAles Rchb. (1828) Lythraceae J. St.-Hil. (1805) Onagraceae Juss. (1789) Myrtaceae Juss. (1789) sAPindAles Dumort. (1829) Anacardiaceae R. Br. (1818) Sapindaceae Juss. (1789) Rutaceae Juss. (1789) MAlvAles Dumort. (1829) Malvaceae Juss. (1789) Raflesiaceae Dumort. (1829) 92 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 102 102 102 103 103 103 103 103 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 106 106 106 106 106 106 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 81 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Thymelaeaceae Juss. (1789) Cistaceae Juss. (1789) bRAssicAles Bromhead (1838) Resedaceae Bercht. et J. Presl (1820) Brassicaceae Burnett (1835) sAntAlAnAe Thorne ex Reveal (1992) sAntAlAles Dumort. (1829) Santalaceae R. Br. (1810) cARYoPhYllAnAe Takht. (1967) cARYoPhYllAles Perleb (1826) Polygonaceae Juss. (1789) Caryophyllaceae Juss. (1789) Amaranthaceae Juss. (1789) Montiaceae Raf. (1820) Portulacaceae Juss. (1789) Cactaceae Juss. (1789) AsteRAnAe Takht. (1967) eRicAles Dumort. (1829) Primulaceae Batsch (1786) Ericaceae Juss. (1789) gentiAnAles Lindl. (1833) Rubiaceae Juss. (1789) Gentianaceae Juss. (1789) Apocynaceae Adans. (1763) UNPLACED FAMILY Boraginaceae Juss. (1789) solAnAles Dumort. (1829) Convolvulaceae Juss. (1789) Solanaceae Juss. (1789) lAMiAles Bromhead (1838) Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809) Plantaginaceae Juss. (1789) Scrophulariaceae Juss. (1789) Lamiaceae Martynov (1820) Orobanchaceae Vent. (1799) Acanthaceae Juss. (1789) Verbenaceae J. St-Hil. (1805) AQuiFoliAles Senft (1856) Aquifoliaceae DC. ex A. Rich. (1828) AsteRAles Lindl. (1833) Campanulaceae Juss. (1789) Asteraceae Martynov (1820) diPsAcAles Dumort. (1829) Adoxaceae E. Mey Caprifoliaceae Juss. (1789) APiAles Nakai (1930) Araliaceae Juss. (1789) Apiaceae Lindl. (1836) 82 107 108 108 108 108 110 110 110 110 110 110 111 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 113 113 113 114 115 115 115 116 116 116 116 116 117 118 118 120 120 120 121 121 121 121 121 126 126 126 127 127 127 FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) AbbReviAtions Abbreviations of territories constituting the distributional range of the endemics (Endem.), based on the acronyms of the Med-Checklist (Greuter et al. 1984–1989) (a code in brackets indicates that the presence of a taxon in that given area is uncertain): Ag = Algeria gR = greece SI = Sicily AT = Tuscan Archipelago H = Hyères Islands TN = Tunisia BL = Balearic Islands ITM = Southern Italy CO = Corsica SA = Sardinia Abbreviations of rarity parameters (according to Rabinowitz 1981): Distribution Ecological breadth Population size / dominance N = narrow B = broad L = large, taxon sometimes dominant W = wide R = restricted S = everywhere small, never dominant The following eight combinations result from the above: WBL, WBS, WRL, WRS, NBL, NBS, NRL, NRS. Biological forms and subforms, following Pignatti (1982): Biological forms Ch = Chamaephytes I = Hydrophytes g = geophytes NP = Nanophanerophytes H = Hemicryptophytes P = Phanerophytes T = Therophytes Biological subforms bienn = biennial nat = natant ros = rosulate bulb = bulbose par = parassitic scand = scandent caesp = caespitose rad = radicant scap = scapose frut = fruticose rept = reptant succ = succulent lian = lianous rhiz = rhizomatose suffr = suffruticose Degree of integration of the alien lora with the autochthonous one (according to Pyšek et al. 2004). The following abbreviations are followed by the area of origin, in brackets: Avv. = adventitious. Taxon the presence of which is accidental and that does not seem capable of maintaining viable populations without the help of man. Nat. = naturalised. Taxon well integrated with the autochthonous lora and capable of maintaining viable populations without the help of man. Inv. = invasive. Naturalised taxon which shows a high capacity of expansion, causing serious threat to the autochthonous lora. Herbaria: CAg = University of Cagliari. FI = University of Florence. SS = Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche, Ecologiche e geologiche, University of Sassari. SASSA = Historic herbarium of Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Sassari. 83 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo checKlist (Taxa marked with an asterisk were directly observed by the Authors.) LYCOPODIIDAE Beketov (1863) selAginellAles Prantl (1874) Selaginellaceae Willk. (1854) 1. Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring (*) – H rept – Medit. – rocky ravines, woods and shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, nella macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). del Rio Sarmentus (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sorgente presso l'ingresso della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 190 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 5. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. (*) – g rhiz – Circumbor. – humid and shady places; WRL. Domusnovas (gennari ex Barbey 1885, sub E. maximum Lmk.). Massiccio del Marganai, solo in prossimità di fontanili in Su Corovau; sporadico (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai, Domusnovas. Quota 640 m s.l.m.; esp. WNW; incl. 10°; substrato calcari; 21.VI.2001. Bacchetta & Mossa (2004). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). isoetAles Prantl (1874) Isoetaceae Rchb. (1828) 2. Isoëtes duriei Bory (*) – g bulb – W-Medit. – edge of streams; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pozzette nei pressi del Rio Sarmentus; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub I. duriei Bory). Marganai, Ingurtosu, gennamari, Fluminimaggiore (Arrigoni 2006). OPHIOgLOSSIDAE Klinge (1882) oPhioglossAles Newman (1840) Ophioglossaceae C. Agardh (1822) 3. Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. – g rhiz – Medit.Atl. – ephemeral puddles on acid soils. Not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, solamente in una località nei pressi di P.ta Marganai; raro (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai, Sulcis-Iglesiente (Arrigoni 2006). EQUISETIDAE Warm. (1883) eQuisetAles DC. ex Bercht. et J. Presl (1820) Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC. (1804) 4. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (*) – g rhiz – Boreo-Trop. – sources, sandy and humiied soils constantly moist; WRL. Presso le grotte, Domusnovas. Martelli, 7.VI.1917 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei pratelli umidi 84 POLYPODIIDAE Cronquist, Takht. et Zimmerm. (1966) PolYPodiAles Schimp. (1822) Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy (1909) 6. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. (*) – g rhiz – Cosmop. – looded areas; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, nella lecceta; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tintillonis, Monte Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 24.V.1993 (CAg). Pteridaceae Newman (1840) 7. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (*) – g rhiz – BoreoTrop. – sources and dripping rocks, often associated with Samolus valerandi L.; WRS. Uscita grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Martinoli, 16.XII.1951 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle zone fresche ed umide (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 8. Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link (*) – T caesp – Boreo-Trop. – wet rocks and rocky ravines; WRS. Uscita grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Martinoli, 16.XII.1951 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, pareti rocciose ed ombrose (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 9. Cheilanthes acrosticha (Balb.) Tod. (*) – H ros – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – sunny and dry rocky issures; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, sottobosco, anfratti ombrosi; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub C. pteridioides (Reichard) C. Chr.). 10. Cheilanthes maderensis Lowe (*) – H ros – WMedit. – rocks; NRS. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Marganai (Arrigoni 2006, sub C. pteridioides (Reichard) C. Chr.). Aspleniaceae Newman (1840) 11. Asplenium obovatum Viv. – subsp. lanceolatum (Fiori) P. Silva (*) – H ros – Medit.-Atl. – rock issures, drywall, consolidated debris, mainly on acid substrates;WRS. Domusnovas. Substrato: metamoriti; esposizione NNW 350°; inclinazione 30°; 450 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, Casti, Sotgiu-Cocco, 20.IV.2002 (CAg, sub A. billotii F.W. Schultz). Obs. Pranu Sartu, Buggerru; M. Marganai. 12. Asplenium obovatum Viv. subsp. obovatum (*) – H ros – Medit. – shaded siliceous rocks, WRS. S. giovanni, Domusnovas. gennari, 1869 (CAg). Revidit Marchetti, 30.III.1987. Massiccio del Marganai, sottobosco; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 13. Asplenium onopteris L. (*) – H ros – Euro-Medit. – shrublands and ilex groves; WBS. Alla grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Sine coll., 31.I.1867 (CAg, sub A. adiantum nigrum L., Revidit: Marchetti, 30.III.1987). Uscita grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Martinoli, 16.XII.1951 (CAg, sub A. adiantum-nigrum L. Revidit: Marchetti, 30.III.1987). Massiccio del Marganai, anfratti rocciosi; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Massiccio del Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). 14. Asplenium ruta-muraria L. subsp. ruta-muraria – H ros – Circumbor. – rock issures, mainly calcareous. Not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, sui costoni freschi (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sulle rupi dei monti calcarei più elevati: (...) M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 15. Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. quadrivalens D.E. Mey. (*) – H ros – Cosmop. – rocky ravines and rocky walls; WRS. Uscita grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Martinoli, 16.XII.1951 (CAg). Revidit: Marchetti, 16.XII.1951. 16. Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. trichomanes – H ros – Cosmop. – rocky ravines and rocky walls; probably confused with subsp. quadrivalens, widely represented in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, zone ombrose; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 17. Ceterach oficinarum Willd. subsp. oficinarum (*) – H ros – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – rocks ex- posed to the sun; WRS. Uscita grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Martinoli, 16.XII.1951 (CAg). Marganai case, Iglesias. Marchioni, 12.IV.1989 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, lecceta, anfratti; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Bacino montano del Riu Mannu di Fluminimaggiore, comune (Marchioni Ortu 1993). 18. Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman subsp. scolopendrium (*) – H ros – Boreo-Trop. – humid woods, streams, caves, wells and shady walls; NRS. Iglesias: S. giovanni (V. Bornemann ex Barbey 1885, sub Scolopendrum vulgare Sm.). Dryopteridaceae Herter (1849) 19. Dryopteris pallida (Bory) C. Chr. ex Maire et Petitm. subsp. pallida (*) – g rhiz – Medit. – metamorphic, shady and wet rocks, preferably neutral or sub-alkaline; WBS. S. Benedetto (Bornemann ex Barbey 1885, sub Nephrodium rigidum (Hoffm.) Desv. var. pallidum Bory). Iglesias: S. giovanni (V. Bornemann ex Barbey 1885, sub N. rigidum (Hoffm.) Desv. var. pallidum Bory). Massiccio del Marganai, schiarite fra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Uscita della grotta di S. giovanni, (lato opposto rispetto a Domusnovas), Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; 230 m s.l.m.; esp. E; incl. 25°. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006. Presso il Passo della Croce, Iglesias. Quota 660 m s.l.m.; esp. 350° N; incl. 30°; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). Presso la grotta di S. giovanni, lato opposto a Domusnovas, Domusnovas. Quota 210 m s.l.m.; esp. 90° E; incl. 30°; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 20. Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth (*) – g rhiz/H ros – Euro-Medit. – rocks and shrublands; NRS. grotta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Zona liminare in penombra; umidità 74% (21.II.1971) (Berta & Chiappini 1978, sub P. lonchitis (L.) Roth)1. 21. Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) Woyn. (*) – g rhiz – Euro-Medit. – mesophilous woods on the edge of streams; WRS. 1 Species not reported for Sardinia (Marchetti 2004); presumably it was confused with P. aculeatum, which is derived from the allotetraploid P. x lonchitiforme (Halácsy) Bech., hybrid between P. lonchitis and P. setiferum (Marchetti, 2004), and therefore close to the species reported by Berta & Chiappini (1978). 85 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Polypodiaceae Bercht. et J. Presl (1820) 22. Polypodium cambricum L. (*) – H ros – EuroMedit. – rocks, rock walls and tree trunks; WBL. Uscita grotta S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Martinoli, 16.XII.1951 (CAg, sub P. vulgare L.). grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Inizio zona subliminare a luce tenue; umidità 75% (12.V.1978) (Berta & Chiappini 1978, sub Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slosson)2. Massiccio del Marganai, anfratti, sottobosco; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. cambricum L. subsp. serrulatum (Sch. ex Arcang.) Pichi-Serm.). Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg, sub P. australe Fée). PINIDAE Cronquist, Takht. et Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996) PinAles gorozh. & Lekts (1904) Cupressaceae gray (1821) 23. Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus (*) – P scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – woods and shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 24. Juniperus phoenicea L. subsp. turbinata (guss.) Nyman (*) – P scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – thermophilous shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune alle quote intermedie, sporadico altrove (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub J. phoenicea L.). Marganai, Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Fogu, 26.V.1993 (CAg, sub J. phoenicea L.). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; coordinate: UTM E 464873 N 4354504; esposizione 260 W; inclinazione 30°; 900 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, gamper et Pontecorvo, 9.VI.2004 (CAg). Pinaceae Adans. (1763) 25. Pinus pinea L. (*) – P scap – Medit. – coastal and reforestation areas; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, introdotto nei pressi di Case Marganai (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Species present in northern Italy on the Alps and Apennines, on siliceous substrates. Its presence in Sardinia, at low altitude and on limestone, is considered unlikely. Probably confused with Polypodium, given the afinity with this genus. 2 86 MAgNOLIIDAE Novak ex Takht. (1967) MAgnoliAnAe Takht. (1967) PiPeRAles Dumort. (1829) Aristolochiaceae Juss. (1789) 26. Aristolochia rotunda L. subsp. insularis E. Nardi et Arrigoni (*) – g rhiz – Endem. SA-CO – edges of paths and mule tracks; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, fra le fenditure della roccia in alcune schiarite della macchia; non molto diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). lAuRAles Perleb (1826) Lauraceae Juss. (1789) 27. Laurus nobilis L. (*) – P caesp – Medit.-Atl. – valleys with a relatively hot and humid microclimate; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, introdotta tra i coltivi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Obs. Benedetto, between Outskirts of Iglesias and Lago Corsi. liliAnAe3 Takht. (1967) AlisMAtAles Dumort. (1829) Araceae Juss. (1789) 28. Ambrosina bassii L. (*) – g rhiz – S-Medit. – grasslands, clearings, garrigues and shrublands; WBS. Domusnovas. Sine coll., 1876 (CAg, sub A. bassii var. reticulata Tineo). Massiccio del Marganai, nei pratelli; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 29. Arisarum vulgare Targ.-Tozz. (*) – g rhiz – Medit. – garrigues, shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, fra la macchia, nei pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 30. Arum italicum Mill. subsp. italicum (*) – g rhiz – Medit.-Atl. – riparian woods and shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa alla base dei muri e nei pressi dei ruderi (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub A. italicum Mill.). 31. Arum pictum L. f. subsp. pictum (*) – g rhiz – Endem. SA-CO – clearings and shrublands, WBL. Domusnovas, dalla grotta di S. giovanni alla miniera di Sa Duchessa, calcare m 250-350, 6.V.1982, Corrias 3 Corresponding to Monocotyledones. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) et Diana (SS). Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica nelle radure fra i cisti e lentischi nonché ai margini dei sentieri (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 32. Lemna minor L. (*) – I nat – Boreo-Trop. – puddles and stagnant waters; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, solo in alcune anse del torrente Riu gutturu di M.ti Nieddu; molto rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). dioscoRAles Hook.f. (1873) Dioscoreaceae R. Br. (1810) 33. Tamus communis L. (*) – g rad – Medit.-Atl. – clearings, shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nella macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Massiccio del Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Punta Tintillonis – Massiccio del Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 24.V.2003 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). liliAles Perleb (1826) Colchicaceae DC. (1804) 34. Colchicum lusitanum Brot. (*) – g bulb – WMedit. – arid pastures, reaped grasslands; NRS. Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Ballero et Angiolino, IX.1989 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, P.ta Reigraxius; diffusa solo in alcuni pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 35. Colchicum neapolitanum (Ten.) Ten. (*) – g bulb – W-Medit. – prati aridi; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Smilacaceae Vent. (1799) 36. Smilax aspera L. (*) – NP – Medit. – shrublands, woods, mostly in valleys; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, nella lecceta e fra le siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Miniera di Acquaresi, Iglesias, 29.IV.1999; Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 11.VI.1998; 6.VI.2002; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Montepo- ni, Iglesias, 13.VII.2000; 3.VI.2001; 13.VII.2001; Agruxiau, Iglesias, 13.VII.2000; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Liliaceae Juss. (1789) 37. Gagea granatellii (Parl.) Parl. (*) – g bulb – SMedit. – grasslands and garrigues of cacuminal areas; WRS. M. Marganai prope Iglesias (Martelli 1904). Massiccio del Marganai, solo in alcuni pratelli nei pressi di Punta Su Corru Mannu tra la roccia afiorante; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). AsPARAgAles Bromhead (1838) Orchidaceae Adans. (1763) 38. Anacamptis collina (Banks et Sol. ex Russel) R.M. Bateman Pridgeon et M.W. Chase [Orchis collina Banks et Sol. ex Russel] (*) – g bulb – Medit. – arid grasslands, prefers limestone; WRS. 39. Anacamptis longicornu (Poir.) R.M. Bateman Pridgeon et M.W. Chase [O. longicornu Poir.] (*) – g bulb – W-Medit. – roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. longicornu Poir.). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub O. longicornu Poiret). 40. Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (*) – g bulb – Paleotemp. – woods, clearings and mesophilous woods, on limestone; WRS. Iglesias in monte Marganai (Martelli 1896). Massiccio del Marganai, ritrovata solo in prossimità della miniera di Reigraxius; molto rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Domusnovas. Scrugli, 19.V.1994 (CAg). Barraxiutta, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; esposizione E 80°; inclinazione 5-10°; bioclima mesomedit. inf./subumido inf.; quota 530 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, Brullo, Cogoni et Scrugli, 4.VI.2002 (CAg). 41. Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. (*) – g bulb – Euro-Medit. – woods and clearings of mesophilous woods, calcicolous; WRS. grotte S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Scrugli, Cogoni et Del Prete, 16.V.1987 (CAg). grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Cogoni, 28.V.1989 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, in alcune modeste radure; molto rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Su Corovau, Massiccio Marganai, Domusnovas. Fogu, 87 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo 26.V.1993 (CAg). Domusnovas. Scrugli, 19.V.1994 (CAg). 42. Epipactis tremolsii C. Pau4 (*) – g rhiz – WMedit. – clearings, garrigues and permanent grasslands, calcicolous; NRS. Marganai, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 43. Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge (*) – g bulb – Medit. – shrublands and arid grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comunissima (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) W. greuter). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub B. robertiana (Loisel.) W. greuter). 44. Limodorum abortivum (L.) Swartz var. abortivum (*) – g rhiz – Euro-Medit. – shrublands and woods; WRS. Maremma, dopo Sa Duchessa verso Arenas, Domusnovas. Scrugli, 16.VI.1994 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, presso abbeveratoio, Domusnovas. Scrugli, 16.V.1994 (CAg). 45. Limodorum abortivum (L.) Swartz var. trabutianum (Batt.) Schlechter (*) – g rhiz – Medit.-Atl. – calcicolous shrublands and woods,; NRS. Sa Duchessa, Marganai, Domusnovas. Scrugli, Del Prete et Cogoni, 16.V.1987 (CAg, sub L. trabutianum Batt.). Pressi miniera Sa Duchessa – Marganai, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Cogoni, 28.V.1989 (CAg, sub L. trabutianum Batt.). Domusnovas. Scrugli, 28.IV.1997 (CAg, sub L. trabutianum Batt.). 46. Ophrys apifera Huds. var. apifera (*) – g bulb – Euro-Medit. – grasslands and clearings in shrublands; WRS. 47. Ophrys bombylilora Link (*) – g bulb – Medit. – bush, garrigues, shrublands and untilled lands; WBS. 48. Ophrys chestermanii (J.J. Wood) gölz et H.R. Reinhard (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA – fresh and partly shady places, limestone, shale, often in rocky places; WBS. grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Wood. et Chestermann, 20.V.1982. Determinavit: Scrugli (CAg, sub O. holoserica (N.L. Burm.) greuter subsp. chestermanii J.J. Wood). E. tremolsi is a calcicolous species with a range centered on the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Its different ecology in Iglesiente, where it shows preference for calaminarian substrates, deserves to be investigated also from a taxonomic point of view. 4 88 Domusnovas (CA) MJ 70.52 (Corrias 1983, sub O. holoserica (N.L. Burm.) greuter subsp. chestermannii J.J. Wood). Massiccio del Marganai, in poche radure tra la macchia; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. holoserica (N.L. Burm.) greuter subsp. chestermannii J.J. Wood). 49. Ophrys conradiae Melki et Deschâtres (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO – shrublands and clearings of holm oak woods; NRS. Sa Duchessa, Marganai, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Cogoni, 16.VI.1992 (CAg). 50. Ophrys eleonorae Devillers-Terschuren et Devillers (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO-TN – garrigues, clearings, especially on alkaline substrates; WRS. 51. Ophrys fusca Link (*) – g bulb – Medit. – shrublands, garrigues and untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 52. Ophrys morisii (Martelli) Soò (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO – roadsides, grasslands, garrigues and shrublands; WBS. Domusnovas. grasso, 23.IV.1984 (CAg, sub O. arachnitiformis gren et Philippe. Revidit: Scrugli, 7.IX.1991). 53. Ophrys neglecta Parl.5 (*) – g bulb – C-Medit. – calcicolous grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. tenthredinifera Willd.). Sentiero sul bordo del Rio Sarmentus, Domusnovas. Coordinate E 46682 N 4356934; quota 275 m s.l.m.; esp./incl.=0; substrato metamoriti. Pontecorvo et Carai, 8.IV.2006 (CAg). 54. Ophrys speculum Link (*) – g bulb – Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Foresta del Monte Marganai, presso il Rio Sarmentus, Domusnovas. Quota 280 m s.l.m.; incl. 40°; esp. 254° WSW; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 8.IV.2006 (CAg). 55. Ophrys x daissiorum (H. Baumann, giotta, Künkele, R. Lorenz et Piccitto) P. Delforge [O. chestermanii x O. morisii] (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA – shady places; NRS. Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Scrugli, 2.V.2003 (CAg). Barraxiutta, Domusnovas. Scrugli, 5.V.2004 (CAg). 56. Orchis anthrophophora (L.) All. (*) – g bulb – Medit.-Atl. – bush, arid grasslands, calcicolous; WBL. La Duchessa (Martelli 1896). Massiccio del Marganai, prati; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Aceras anthropophorum (L.) R. Br.). 5 Delforge (2005) reported only O. neglecta from Sardinia, to which records of O. tenthredinifera Willd have been attributed. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Domusnovas. Scrugli, 19.V.1994 (CAg, sub A. antropophorum (L.) R. Br.). Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub A. anthropophorum (L.) R. Br. ex Aiton il.). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Rio Cruccureu, nella foresta del Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Coordinate E 466564 N 4357158; substrato calcari paleozoici; quota 280 m s.l.m.; esp. 254° WSW; incl. 40°. Pontecorvo et Carai, 8.IV.2006 (CAg). 57. Orchis ichnusae (Corrias) Devillers-Terschuren et Devillers (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA (BL) – clearings of mesophilous woods, WRS. Iglesias, Malacalzetta, calcarei paleozoici da Arcu sa Cruxi e q. 751 a Nord di Punta genna Aragosta, 16.V.1967, Arrigoni et Ricceri (FI, sub O. mascula L.). Domusnovas, strada per la miniera di Sa Duchessa, dopo la grotta di S. giovanni, 26.IV.1978, Diana et Corrias (SS, sub O. mascula L.). Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. mascula (L.). subsp. ichnusae Corrias). Domusnovas. Scrugli, 11.IV.1997 (CAg, sub O. mascula (L.) L. subsp. ichnusae Corrias). Domusnovas. Scrugli, 2.V.2003 (CAg, sub O. mascula (L.) L. subsp. ichnusae Corrias). 58. Orchis intacta Link (*) – g bulb – Medit.-Atl. – edges of paths and clearings of woods; WBS. grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Scrugli, Del Prete et Cogoni, 16.V.1987 (CAg, sub Neotinea maculata (Desf.) Stearn). Pressi miniera Sa Duchessa – Marganai, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Cogoni, 28.V.1989 (CAg, sub N. maculata (Desf.) Stearn). Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub N. maculata (Desf.) Rchb.). Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub N. maculata (Desf.) Stearn). Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 59. Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lam. et DC. (*) – g bulb – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – clearings and edges of woods; WRS. Nei boschi dei monti sopra Domusnovas. gennari, V.1861 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 60. Orchis x bornemannii Asch. (*) [Anacamptis longicornu x O. papilionacea] – g bulb – W-Medit. – grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. Bornemannii Asch.). 61. Orchis x penzigiana A. Camus nsubsp. sardoa Scrugli et grasso [Orchis ichnusae x O. provincialis] (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA – grasslands; NRS. Barraxiutta, Domusnovas (CA), MJ 66.58 (Scrugli et al. 2004). 62. Serapias lingua L. (*) – g bulb – Medit.-Atl. – grasslands, garrigues and clearings in shrublands; WBL. grotta di Domusnovas, Domusnovas. Camarda et Ballero, V.1969 (CAg). 63. Serapias parvilora Parl. (*) – g bulb – Medit.Atl. – grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 64. Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. (*) – g rhiz – Medit.-Atl. – roadsides and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Oltre le grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Cogoni, 21.X.1992 (CAg). Iridaceae Juss. (1789) 65. Crocus minimus DC. (*) – g bulb – Endem. SACO-AT – grasslands and garrigues; WBL. In herbosis sylvaticis Montis Marganai, m 700. Martelli, 8.IV.1894 (FI, sub C. imperati var. sardoa). In sylvis montis Marganai, m 700. Martelli, 8.IV.1894 (FI, sub C. imperati Ten. var. sardoa Martelli). In sylvis montis Marganai in ditione Iglesias (Martelli 1901, sub C. imperati Ten. var. sardoa Martelli). Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei pratelli e radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 66. Gladiolus communis L. subsp. byzantinus (Mill.) A.P. Ham. (*) – g bulb – Medit. – tilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 67. Gladiolus italicus Mill. (*) – g bulb –Medit.Irano-Turan. – grasslands and untilled lands at low altitude; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nei luoghi erbosi (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 68. Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl. (*) – g bulb – Medit. – arid grasslands at low altitude; WRL. 69. Iris foetidissima L. (*) – g rhiz – Euro-Medit. – moist soils in woods and mesophilous bush; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai, Iglesias. Angius, 19.VI.1997 (CAg). 70. Romulea columnae Sebast. et Mauri (*) – g bulb – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and clearings; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nelle radure (Ballero 89 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo & Angiolino 1991). 71. Romulea ligustica Parl. (*) – g bulb – SW-Medit. – grasslands, clearings; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso Punta S. Michele, Massiccio del Marganai, Iglesias. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; 815 m s.l.m.; esp. SW. Pontecorvo, 2.VI.2006 (CAg). 72. Romulea requienii Parl. (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO – grasslands and garrigues; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 73. Romulea rollii Parl. – g bulb – W-Medit. – sandy riparian areas. Not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, radure, margine dei sentieri; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991)6. Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort. (1829) 74. Asphodelus istulosus L. (*) – H bienn – Medit. – pastures and arid untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, cunette, radure fresche; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 75. Asphodelus ramosus L. subsp. ramosus (*) – g rhiz – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, lande e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub A. microcarpus Salzm. et Viv.). Marganai, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Michele, insinuata di sovente fra Euphorbia spinosa; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 79. Allium roseum L. (*) – g bulb – Medit. – garrigues and clearings; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 80. Allium subhirsutum L. (*) – g bulb – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 81. Allium triquetrum L. (*) – g bulb – W-Medit. – roadsides, clearings, shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi, pratelli umidi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 82. Allium vineale L. (*) – g bulb – Euro-Medit. – roadsides and edges of tilled land; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 83. Leucojum autumnale L. (*) – g bulb – Medit. – grasslands and clearings; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso Punta Nicola garau, Domusnovas. Pratello di teroite e geoite, coord. 39°21'265 N 8°37'886 E; 315 m s.l.m.; esp./incl.=0. Substrato: metamoriti paleozoiche. Pontecorvo, 13.IX.2006 (CAg). 84. Narcissus tazetta L. subsp. tazetta (*) – g bulb – Medit. – grasslands and grassy slopes; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub N. tazetta L.). 85. Pancratium illyricum L. (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO-AT – rocky areas, cool and humid, often at the edge of streams; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure fra litosuoli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Asparagaceae Juss. (1789) Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil.(1805) 76. Allium ampeloprasum L. (*) – g bulb – Medit. – stony grounds and rocky walls; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 77. Allium chamaemoly L. subsp. chamaemoly (*) – g bulb – W-Circum.-Medit. – grasslands and roadsides NRS. Obs. grasslands near Rio Sarmentus. 78. Allium parcilorum Viv. (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO – rocks and rocky walls; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, solo in prossimità di P.ta San R. rolli was not observed during this investigation. The report, which contains an ecology incorrect for that species, probably refers to R. columnae Sebast. et Mauri. 6 90 86. Asparagus acutifolius L. (*) – NP (g rhiz) – Medit. – shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Capo Frasca, macchia, gariga e bordi delle strade; diffuso (Bocchieri & Mulas, 1992). 87. Asparagus albus L. (*) – Ch frut – W-Medit. – rocky areas, garrigues and degraded shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure assolate; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 88. Brimeura fastigiata (Viv.) Chouard (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO-BL-(gR) – rocks and rocky ravines; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, nei pressi della grotta di San FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) giovanni; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 89. Charybdis maritima (L.) Speta (*) – g bulb – Medit – grasslands and garrigues; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 90. Charybdis undulata (Desf.) Speta (*) – g bulb – S-Medit. – poorly evolved soils and rock issures; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, solo nei pressi di Tintillonis fra le fenditure del calcare; molto rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Urginea undulata (Desf.) Steinh.). 91. Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. (*) – g bulb – Euro-Medit. – rocky areas, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl.). 92. Ornithogalum corsicum Jord. et Fourr. (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO – shrublands, clearings and grasslands; WRS. In Monte Marganai, majo, sine die, Moris (SASSA, sub O. bilorum Jord et Fourr.). Iglesias, Monte Marganai, 5.V.1963, Arrigoni (FI, sub O. bilorum Jord et Fourr.). Monte Marganai, Domusnovas, Ballero, IV.1988 (CAg, sub O. bilorum Jord. et Fourr.). Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. sandalioticum (Tor. et garb.) Zahariadi). Presso Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Quota 815 m s.l.m.; esp. SW; substrato calcarei paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 2.IV.2006 (CAg). 93. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (*) – g rhiz – Circumbor. – arid places in mesophilous woods; NRS. Monte Marganai, pressi grotte S. giovanni. Ballero, VI.1990 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, solo in due stazioni nei pressi della grotta di S. giovanni; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 94. Prospero autumnale (L.) Speta subsp. autumnale (*) – g bulb – Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, cunette; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. autumnalis L.). 95. Ruscus aculeatus L. (*) – Ch frut – Medit. – shrublands and woods; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nella macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 96. Urginea fugax (Moris) Steinh. (*) – g bulb – SWMedit. – rocky areas, grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Fluminese, ambienti aridi; rara (Ballero et al. 2000). Obs. Stable grasslands of Punta S. Michele. PoAles Small (1903) Typhaceae Juss. (1789) 97. Typha latifolia L. (*) – g rhiz – Cosmop. – stagnant waters; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune lungo alcuni corsi e raccolte d'acqua (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Juncaceae Juss. (1789) 98. Juncus acutus L. subsp. acutus (*) – H caesp – Euro-Medit. – slushy areas and ditches; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, zone pantanose; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 99. Juncus articulatus L. (*) – g rhiz – Circumbor. – riverbeds; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, cunette; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 100. Juncus bufonius L. (*) – T caesp – Boreo-Trop. – humid areas, slushy areas and streams; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 101. Juncus capitatus Weigel (*) – T scap – Medit.Atl. – depositional areas and riverbeds; WBS. 102. Juncus inlexus L. (*) – H caesp (g rhiz) – Paleotemp. – slushy areas, ditches and humid grasslands; NBS. Domos novas, junio. Herb. Moris ex Barbey (1885). 103. Juncus pygmaeus Rich. ex Thuill. (*) – T caesp – Medit.-Atl. – humid and sandy areas; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli freschi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 104. Luzula forsteri (Sm.) DC. (*) – H caesp – EuroMedit. –shrublands and mesophilous woods; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nella lecceta (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Sigue, Iglesias. M. Miai, Iglesias. Bacchetta & Mossa, 16.IV.1992 ex Bacchetta et al. (2004). Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Rio Oridda, Domusnovas. Substrato: graniti, detriti alluvionali; ontaneto nell'altopiano di Oridda. Legit Angius, determinavit Bacchetta, 1.IV.2005 (CAg). Cyperaceae Juss. (1789) 105. Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz. ex Link (*) – g rhiz – Circumbor. – edges of muddy paths, wet grasslands, mostly trampled; NRS. grotte di S. giovanni; Domusnovas. Legit Martinoli, 5.V.1949, determinavit Zedda, 5.X.1990 (CAg). 106. Carex distachya Desf. (*) – H caesp – Medit. –shrublands and woods; WRL. 91 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli freschi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Buggerru, 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Foresta del Monte Marganai, presso il Rio Sarmentus, Domusnovas. Quota 280 m s.l.m.; substrato: calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 8.IV.2006 (CAg). 107. Carex divisa Huds. (*) – g rhiz – Medit.-Atl. – humid grasslands, slushy areas and edges of streams; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 108. Carex divulsa Stokes (*) – H caesp – Circumbor. – clearings, shrublands and woods; WBS. Colli a nord di Iglesias a 600 m (Fiori 1913, sub C. muricata L. var. divulsa (good.)). Massiccio del Marganai, ristagni d'acqua; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Sigue, Iglesias. M. Miai, Iglesias. Bacchetta & Mossa, 16.IV.1992 ex Bacchetta et al. (2004). 109. Carex lacca Schreber subsp. serrulata (Biv.) greuter (*) – g rhiz – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – arid grasslands, shrublands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 110. Carex halleriana Asso (*) – H caesp –. EuroMedit. –shrublands and woods;WBS. Obs. holm oak woods managed coppice, edges of woods and along paths. 111. Carex microcarpa Bertol. ex Moris (*) – g rhiz – Endem. SA-CO-AT – sources, slushy areas and riverbeds; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi umidi e freschi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai, Domusnovas. Quota 640 m s.l.m.; esp. WNW; incl. 10°; substrato calcari; 21.VI.2001. 112. Cyperus badius Desf. (*) – g rhiz – Paleotemp. – sources, slushy areas and riverbeds; WRL. Presso sorgente all'Ingresso della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 190 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 113. Cyperus longus L. (*) – g rhiz – Circumbor. – stagnant or weakly lowing waters; NRS. Marganai, Iglesias. Ballero, IV.1989 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 114. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. et Schult. subsp. palustris (*) – g rhiz – Boreo-Trop. – slushy areas and ditches; NRL. grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Martinoli, 5.V.1949. Determinavit: Zedda, 17.V.1989 (CAg). 92 115. Schoenus nigricans L. (*) – H caesp – BoreoTrop. – humid grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 116. Scirpoides romanus (L.) Soják (*) – g rhiz – Medit. – humid grasslands, ditches; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, cunette; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Holoschoenus romanus (L.) Fritsch.). Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh. (1895) 117. Achnatherum bromoides (L.) P. Beauv. (*) – H caesp – Medit. – clearings and shrublands; WBL. In collinis aridis prope Iglesias Sardiniae, junio, U.-S. Muller. Herb. (Moris ex Barbey 1885, sub Stipa bromoides (L.) Dörl.). Massiccio del Marganai, siepi, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. bromoides (L.) Dörl.). 118. Aira cupaniana guss. – T scap – W-Medit. (*) – sandy areas, grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, praterie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 119. Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T. Durand et Schinz (*) – H caesp – W-Medit. – garrigues and thermophilous shrublands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nel versante orientale, alla base del massiccio (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 120. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. s.l. (*) – T scap – Medit.-Atl. – grasslands and untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 121. Arundo donax L. (*) – g rhiz – Medit. – humid areas; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, zone maggiormente antropizzate; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 122. Avena barbata Pott ex Link (*) – T scap – Cosmop. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 123. Avena sativa L. s.l.7 (*) – T scap – Nat. (Paleotemp.) – tilled lands, untilled lands, ruderal areas; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 124. Brachypodium retusum (Pers.) P. Beauv. (*) – H caesp – Medit. – garrigues and degraded shrublands; WRL. 7 In Conti et al. (2005) only subsp. sativa is mentioned of Sardinia. However, the presence of other subspecies is conceivable. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 125. Brachypodium rupestre (Host) Roem. et Schult – H caesp – Euro-Medit. (*) – substeppe pastures and edges of woods; NRS. Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 126. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. subsp. sylvaticum (*) – H caesp – Paleotemp. – mesophilous and riparian woods; WBL. Bois de chênes sous gennamari. Ascherson & Reinhardt ex Barbey (1885). Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub B. sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv.). M. Sigue, Iglesias. M. Miai, Iglesias. Bacchetta & Mossa, 16.IV.1992 ex Bacchetta et al. (2004). 127. Briza maxima L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and degraded shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 128. Briza minor L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, zone ombrose e fresche; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 129. Bromus diandrus Roth subsp. maximus (Desf.) Soó (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, ruderal areas and arid pastures; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub B. rigidus Roth). 130. Bromus hordeaceus L. s.l.8 (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – roadsides, sheepfolds, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub B. hordeaceus L.). 131. Bromus intermedius guss. subsp. intermedius (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 132. Bromus madritensis L. (*) – T scap – Medit-Atl. – grasslands, garrigues and degraded bush; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 133. Bromus sterilis L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & These records are certainly for the most part to be attributed to the hordeaceus subspecies; there can be no assurance, however, that none refer to subsp. molliformis (Loyd ex godr.) Maire et Weiller. 8 Angiolino 1991). 134. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. – g rhiz – Circumbor. – ditches, sources and marshes; not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, radure erbose; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 135. Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. ex Dony s.l.9 (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – roadsides, untilled lands, sandy areas; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 136. Cutandia divaricata (Desf.) Bentham (*) – T scap – SW-Medit. – arid and sandy areas; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 137. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (*) – H rept – Boreo-Trop. – untilled and ruderal areas, often infestant; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, luoghi ruderali; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 138. Cynosurus cristatus L. (*) – H caesp – Paleotemp. – reaped and manured meadows; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, nei prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; coordinate: UTM E 465873 N 4354504; esposizione 260° W; inclinazione 30°; 900 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, gamper et Pontecorvo, 9.VI.2004 (CAg). 139. Cynosurus echinatus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – edges of paths, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Sigue, Iglesias. Bacchetta & Mossa, 16.IV.1992 ex Bacchetta et al. (2004). 140. Cynosurus effusus Link (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and clearings in shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, fra la macchia; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub C. elegans Desf.). 141. Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman (*) – H caesp – Medit. – rocky areas, arid grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure aride; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub D. glomerata L.). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Miniera di Acquaresi, Iglesias, 29.IV.1999; Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub D. hispanica Roth). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Sa 9 Brullo et al. (2003) showed how widespread the subspecies rigidus and majus (C. Presl.) Perring et Sell. are in Sardinia. 93 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005, sub D. hispanica Roth). Radura presso Punta Sca Martini, Iglesias. Quota 860 m s.l.m.; substrato: calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 142. Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – ruderal zones, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 143. Festuca arundinacea Schreb. subsp. arundinacea (*) – H caesp – Paleotemp. – riverbeds and riparian woods; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 144. Gastridium ventricosum (gouan) Schinz et Thell. (*) – T scap – Medit – arid untilled lands and shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini delle siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 145. Glyceria notata Chevall (*) – g rhiz – Cosmop. – wet or temporarily looded grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub G. luitans (L.) R. Br.). 146. Holcus lanatus L. (*) – H caesp – Circumbor. – grasslands and clearings in riparian woods; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e pratelli; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Obs. Rio S. giovanni, downstream of the caves, in the Populus alba vegetation; Rio Canonica, downstream of the dam of Punta gennarta. 147. Hordeum bulbosum L. – g bulb –Medit. – arid grasslands, untilled lands, roadsides; not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, praterie e lande; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 148. Hordeum murinum L. subsp. murinum (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi interessati da calpestio; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 149. Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf subsp. hirta (*) – H caesp – Medit.-Trop. – roadsides, rocks and slightly inclined rock walls; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure limitate; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Cymbopogon hirtus (L.) Janchen). 150. Lagurus ovatus L. subsp. ovatus (*) – T scap – Medit. – ruderal areas, roadsides, grasslands and untilled lands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli nella macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 94 151. Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 152. Lolium rigidum gaudin subsp. rigidum (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub L. rigidum gaudin). 153. Melica arrecta Kuntze (*) – H caesp – Medit. – rocky areas, shrublands and garrigues; WRS. S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 11.VI.1998; Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 154. Melica ciliata L. subsp. ciliata (*) – H caesp – Euro-Medit. – rocky areas and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 155. Melica minuta L. (*) – H caesp – Medit. – roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 156. Phalaris aquatica L. – H caesp – Medit. – untilled lands, edges of paths and roadsides; not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini dei rigagnoli, anche stagionali; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. nodosa L.). 157. Phalaris coerulescens Desf. (*) – H caesp Medit. – untilled lands, edges of paths and roadsides; WRL. 158. Phleum pratense L. (*) – H caesp – Circumbor. – reaped and manured stable meadows; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 159. Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss. subsp. miliaceum (*) – H caesp – Medit.-Atl. – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Asch. et Schweinf.). Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub O. miliacea (L.) Asch. et Schweinf. subsp. miliacea). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Agruxiau, Iglesias, 13.VII.2000; San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 3.VI.2001; 6.VI.2002; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005, sub O. miliacea (L.) Asch. et Schweinf. subsp. miliacea). 160. Poa annua L. (*) – T caesp – Cosmop. – an- FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) thropized areas, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 161. Poa compressa L. (*) – H caesp – Paleotemp. – slopes, untilled lands, roadsides, often on clay soils; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 162. Poa bulbosa L. (*) – H caesp – Paleotemp. – rocky areas, arid grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, radure fra la roccia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 163. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf (*) – T scap – Medit.-Trop. – humid soils and also subsalt; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure assolate e ben esposte; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Radura presso Punta Sca Martini, Iglesias. Quota 860 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 164. Psilurus incurvus (gouan) Schinz et Thell. (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and clearings; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini di alcuni sentieri; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 165. Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev subsp. cristata (*) – T caesp – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – untilled lands, roadsides, often infestant; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Lophochloa cristata (L.) Hyl.). Obs. Near S. Benedetto. 166. Sesleria insularis Sommier subsp. morisiana Arrigoni (*) – H caesp – Endem. SA – cliffs and cacuminal grasslands, on limestone; NRL. Inter rupes Marganai (Moris 1827, sub S. caerulea Ard.). Marganai, majo inter issuram rupium. Herb. Moris (Barbey 1885, sub S. caerulea Ard.). Holotypus: Iglesias, Monte Marganai, presso la Punta San Michele. Arrigoni, 4.VII.1969 (FI). Iglesias, M.te Marganai, presso la Punta San Michele, 4.VI.1969, Arrigoni (FI). Punta S. Michele, Monte Marganai, Iglesias. Ballero et Di Martino, 10.IX.1989 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, P.ta San Michele, sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Campu Spina, assai diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Punta S. Michele, Monte Marganai, Iglesias. Scrugli et Ballero, 10.IV.1992 (CAg). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; esposizione NE 40°; inclinazione 20°; bioclima: mesomedit. inf./subumido inf. Bacchetta, Brullo, Cogoni et Scrugli, 4.VI.2002 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Presso Punta Reigraxius, Iglesias. Quota 880 m s.l.m., esp. WSW; inclinazione 30°; 39°21'194 N; 8°35'328 E. Pontecorvo, Bacchetta, Angius et Serra, 14.IV.2005 (CAg). Marganai, majo inter issuras rupium, sine die, Moris (TO). 167. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem et Schult (*) – T scap – Boreo-Trop. – infestant in vegetable gardens, vineyards, corn and potato crops ; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. glauca (L.) Beauv.). 168. Stipa capensis Thunb. (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 169. Trachynia distachya (L.) Link (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – grasslands, garrigues and degraded bush; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, fra la macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Brachypodium distachyum (L.) Beauv.). 170. Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg. subsp. splendens (C. Presl) Banfi & Soldano (*) – H caesp – Endem. SA-SI – reaped and manured meadows; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Trisetum lavescens (L.) Beauv.). 171. Triticum ovatum (L.) Raspail (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – ruderal zones, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Aegilops geniculata Roth). 172. Triticum ventricosum (Tausch) Cesati, Passerini et gibelli (*) – T scap – W-Medit. – arid untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli sassosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub A. ventricosa Tausch.). 173. Vulpia bromoides (L.) gray (*) – T caesp – Boreo-Trop. – arid untilled lands and pastures; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Radura presso Punta Sca Martini, Iglesias. Quota: 860 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 174. Vulpia ciliata Dumort. (*) – T scap – Medit. – garrigues, untilled lands and roadsides; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nelle radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 175. Vulpia sicula (C. Presl) Link. (*) – H caesp – WMedit. – clearings and pastures; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 95 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo RAnunculAnAe10 Takht. (1967) RAnunculAles Dumort. (1829) Papaveraceae Juss. (1789) 176. Chelidonium majus L. (*) – H scap – Circumbor. – walls, ruins; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica nelle zone ombrose (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 177. Fumaria bastardii Boreau (*) – T scap – Medit.Atl. – vegetable gardens, vineyards and untilled lands; WBS. Obs. nitrophilous grasslands in basal areas of Marganai. 178. Fumaria capreolata L. subsp. capreolata (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nelle radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 179. Fumaria oficinalis L. subsp. oficinalis (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – ruderal areas, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure e pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 180. Papaver pinnatiidum Moris (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands, untilled and ruderal areas; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure e nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 181. Papaver rhoeas L. subsp. rhoeas (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi ruderali; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 182. Papaver setigerum DC. (*) – T scap – Medit. – ruderal and anthropized areas, roadsides and grasslands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). Ranunculaceae Juss. (1789) 183. Anemone hortensis L. subsp. hortensis (*) – g bulb – Medit. – grasslands and clearings; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa ai margini della macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 184. Anemone palmata L. (*) – g rhiz – W-Medit. – arid untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & The following taxa are part of Eudicotyledones, an informal group of APg, which includes most of the ancient Dicotyledones. 10 96 Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 185. Clematis cirrhosa L. (*) – P lian – Medit. – shrublands and holm oak woods; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nella macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 186. Clematis lammula L. (*) – P lian – EuroMedit. – thermophilous and/or xerophilous shrublands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune tra le siepi (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 187. Clematis vitalba L. (*) – P lian – Euro-Medit. – ilex groves and riparian woods; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nella macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso la grotta di S. giovanni, versante N. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; 300 m s.l.m. Pontecorvo, 13.IX.2005 (CAg). 188. Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur (*) – T scap – Medit.-Atl. – tilled lands; NRS. Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; esposizione E 80°; inclinazione 5-10°; bioclima: mesomedit. inf./subumido inf.; quota 355 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, Brullo, Cogoni et Scrugli; 4.VI.2002 (CAg). 189. Delphinium pictum Willd. subsp. pictum (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-CO-H-BL – alluvial mattresses, stony areas and ravines; WRS.11 Domusnovas, grotta di S. giovanni, versante Sud, m 200, 17.V.1963, Bavazzano et Ricceri (FI). Domusnovas, presso la grotta di San giovanni, 21.VI.1982, Valsecchi, Villa et Camarda (SS). S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Del Prete, 7.VI.1987 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, solo nell'alveo del Rio Corongiu; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub D. staphysagria L.). M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2006, sub D. staphysagria L.). 190. Nigella damascena L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – tilled lands, arid untilled lands and roadsides; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 191. Ranunculus bullatus L. (*) – H ros – N-Medit. – clearings and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, suoli umidi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 192. Ranunculus icaria L. subsp. icaria (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – edges of paths and grasslands; WBL. Field surveys conducted in spring 2005 by Prof. Blanche in Southern Sardinia allow to doubt the presence of D. staphysagria L. in Sardinia (Orellana et al. 2009). It therefore appears that reports of this species should be attributed to D. pictum. 11 FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai, Domusnovas. Quota 640 m s.l.m.; esp. WNW; incl. 10°; substrato calcari; 21.VI.2001. (Bacchetta & Mossa 2004). Zone collinari e montane: (...) M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 193. Ranunculus lanuginosus L. (*) – H scap – NMedit. – mesophilous woods and clearings; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 194. Ranunculus machrophyllus Desf. (*) – H scap – SW-Medit. – humid areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune lungo i corsi d'acqua, su terreni asittici (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 195. Ranunculus muricatus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – gravel bed streams and humid grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, suoli umidi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 196. Ranunculus paludosus Poir. (*) – H scap – Medit. – grasslands, clearings in shrublands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub R. labellatus Desf.). 197. Ranunculus sardous Crantz s.l.12 (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – muddy grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, lungo gli alvei su suoli pantanosi ed acidi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). UNPLACED ORDER13 sAXiFRAgAles Dumort. (1829) Paeoniaceae Raf. (1815) 198. Paeonia corsica Sieber ex Tausch14 (*) – g rhiz – Endem. SA-CO – clearings and mesophilous woods; WRS. In sylvaticis opacisque umbrosis, editis (...) Marganai (Moris, 1837, sub P. corallina Retz.). Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nella zona cacuminale Conti et al. (2005) indicate for this species two subspecies: the nominal one and the subdichotomicus gerbault, the distributional range of which has yet to be veriied. 13 The taxonomic classiication of Saxifragales as part of a superfamily still requires further information before it can be deined (Chase & Reveal, 2009). 14 Name reassessed by De-Yuan and Xiao-Quan (2006), who exclude the presence in Sardinia of P. mascula (tetraploid) and assert that only diploid P. corsica exists, also present in Corsica, the Ionian islands and the Akarnania Province in greece. 12 (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. mascula (L.) Miller subsp. russii (Biv.) Cullen et Heyw.). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; coordinate: UTM E 465873 N 4354504; esposizione 260° W; inclinazione 30°. Bacchetta, gamper et Pontecorvo, 9.VI.2004 (CAg). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub P. morisii Cesca, Bernardo et Passalacqua). Obs. Punta Arbona, Domusnovas. Saxifragaceae Juss. (1789) 199. Saxifraga corsica (Duby) gren. et godr. subsp. corsica (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-CO – rocks, cool and shady cliffs; NRS. Sul Monte Marganai a mezzogiorno. Biondi, 1.V.1873 (FI). Marganai (Bornemann ex Barbey 1885, sub S. granulata L. ß corsica Duby). Iglesiente. monte Marganai. Arrigoni, 15.V.1963 (FI). Iglesias. Malacalzetta, calcari paleozoici tra Arcu Sa Cruxi e q. 751 a Nord di punta genna Aragosta. Arrigoni et Ricceri, 16.V.1967 (FI). Iglesias. Rocce calcaree paleozoiche presso il valico fra San Benedetto ed Arenas, esp. SE. Arrigoni Mori et Nardi, 30.IV.1974 (FI). Iglesias. Rocce calcaree paleozoiche sopra San Benedetto, esp. NO. Arrigoni Mori et Nardi, sine die (FI). Domusnovas. Strada per la miniera di Sa Duchessa. Corrias et Diana, 27.IV.1978 Massiccio del Marganai, zone rocciose presso P.ta S. Michele ove forma itti popolamenti seppur discontinui (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 200. Saxifraga tridactylites L. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit. – escarpments and roadsides; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). Crassulaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805) 201. Phedimus stellatus (L.) Raf. (*) – T scap – Medit. – rocks exposed to the sun, gravels, walls; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, litosuolo, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Sedum stellatum L.). 202. Sedum album L. (*) – Ch succ – Paleotemp. – rocks exposed to the sun, gravels, walls; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi rocciosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 203. Sedum caeruleum L. (*) – T scap – S-Medit. – siliceous cliffs and gravel, red soils (calcifugous); WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, litosuolo, pratelli; diffusa 97 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 204. Sedum dasyphyllum L. (*) – Ch succ – EuroMedit. – rocky issures, rocky ravines and cliffs; WRL. Obs. frequent in rupicolous areas. 205. Tillaea muscosa L. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – depositional sands of streams; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa esclusivamente nei pratelli, o ai margini dei sentieri, nelle zone basali più calde (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Crassula tillaea Lester-g.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub C. tillaea Lester-garland). 206. Umbilicus horizontalis (guss.) DC. (*) – g bulb – Medit.-Trop. – humid cliffs, walls; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune su roccia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tintillonis, Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 24.V.1993 (CAg). Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). 207. Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy (*) – g bulb – Medit.-Trop. – shaded and humid cliffs; WRS. Obs. frequent in non-calcareous rupicolous areas. RosAnAe Takht. (1967) vitAles Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl. (1820) Vitaceae Juss. (1789) 208. Vitis vinivera L. subsp. sylvestris (C.C. gmel.) Hegi (*) – P lian – Euro-Medit. – edges of streams, near sources; NRS. Obs. Mitza preri giuanni Antoni (east of Punta Planotza), well of Colonia Beneck near Rio Sarmentus. zYgoPhYllAles Link (1829) Zygophyllaceae R. Br. (1814) 209. Tribulus terrestris L. (*) – T rept – Cosmop. – sandy untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei luoghi ruderali (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). FAbAles Bromhead (1838) Fabaceae Lindl. (1836) 210. Anagyris foetida L. (*) – P caesp – Medit. – shrublands and cliffs, on limestone stains and crags; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie e radure, alla base del rilievo (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 98 211. Anthyllis vulneraria L. subsp. rubrilora (DC.) Arcang. (*) – H bienn – Euro-Medit. – shrublands, garrigues and untilled grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub A. vulneraria L.). 212. Astragalus hamosus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – depositional areas of streams, grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure erbose; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 213. Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. (*) – H scap – Medit. – roadsides; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e siepi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Psolarea bituminosa L.). 214. Bituminaria morisiana (Pignatti et Metlesics) greuter (*) – Ch frut – Endem. SA-TN (La galite) –rocky walls exposed to the sun; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure soleggiate; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 215. Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link (*) – NP – Medit. – degraded shrublands, often after ire, mainly on acid soils; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 216. Ceratonia siliqua L. (*) – P scap – Medit. – gravel bed streams and shrublands up to 350 m altitude; NBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pochi esemplari isolati; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 217. Coronilla valentina L. – NP – Medit. – limestone rocks, garrigue. Not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli fra la macchia; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 218. Cytisus villosus Pourr. (*) – NP – Medit. – shrublands and mesophilous woods; WBL. Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Mossa, 28.IV.1985 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, lecceta; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 219. Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. (*) – Ch suffr – W-Medit. – mining dumps; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub D. pentaphyllum Scop. subsp. suffruticosum (Vill.) Rouy). 220. Dorycnium rectum (L.) Ser. (*) – Ch suffr – Medit. – ditches, sources and humid places; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, fra le siepi; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai, Domusnovas. Quota 640 m s.l.m.; esp. WNW; incl. 10°; substrato calcari; 21.VI.2001. Bacchetta & Mossa (2004). FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Sorgente presso l'ingresso della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 190 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 221. Genista corsica (Loisel.) DC. (*) – NP – Endem. SA-CO – shrublands, xerophilous garrigues and mining dumps; WBL. In monte S. giovanni presso Iglesias. Forsyth-Major, IV.1884 (FI). Miniera Lai, Iglesias. Taricco, 1913 (SASSA). Massiccio del Marganai, garigue e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg, sub G. salzmannii DC. Revidit Angius et Pontecorvo, 2.X.2007). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; 340 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, 8.IV.2001 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 11.VI.1998; 3.VI.2001; 6.VI.2002; P.ta Pitzianti, Fluminimaggiore, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 222. Genista morisii Colla – NP – Endem. SA – shrublands and thermo-xerophilous garrigues. Not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, garigue e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub G. morisii (Loisel.) DC.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 223. Genista sulcitana Vals. (*) – NP – Endem. SA –mining dumps; WBS. Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; 560 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, 8.IV.2001 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 224. Genista valsecchiae Brullo et De Marco (*) – NP – Endem. SA – thermophilous shrublands, mainly coastal; NRL. Domusnovas: presso la grotta S. giovanni. Valsecchi, Villa et Camarda, 21.VI.1982 (SS, sub G. ephedroides). Marganai, dopo la grotta di S. giovanni. Corrias, 27.V.1984 (SS, sub G. ephedroides). Domusnovas, strada grotta di S. giovanni – Miniera Sa Duchessa, ca. Km 2,5, Corrias et Diana, 29.IV.1985 (SS, sub G. ephedroides). Massiccio del Marganai, solo nel versante SW; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub G. ephedroides DC.). 225. Hippocrepis bilora Spreng. (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, shrublands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub H. unisiliquosa L.). 226. Hymenocarpus circinnatus (L.) Savi (*) – H scap – Medit. – pastures, vineyards, olive groves; NBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 227. Lathyrus aphaca L. subsp. aphaca (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – infestant in wheat ields, untilled lands, calcicolous; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune tra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 228. Lathyrus cicera L. (*) – T scap. – Medit. – untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 229. Lathyrus clymenum L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub L. articulatus L.). 230. Lathyrus latifolius L. (*) – H scand – EuroMedit. – untilled lands and hedges; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991).15 Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 231. Lotus corniculatus L. subsp. corniculatus (*) – H scap – Cosmop. – synanthropic environments; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 232. Lotus edulis L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 233. Lotus ornithopodioides L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 234. Lupinus angustifolius L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – clearings and grasslands; WRS. Obs. Roadsides and grasslands between Serra Abis and Punta Palmeri. 235. Lupinus gussoneanus Agardh. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub L. micranthus guss.). 236. Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. (*) – T scap – The presence of this species in clearings at Marganai, where it is even reported as common, is surprising. 15 99 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Euro-Medit. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 237. Medicago lupulina L. (*) – T scap (H) – Paleotemp. – ruderal areas, also trampled, and arid, untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 238. Medicago minima (L.) L. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit. – arid grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 239. Medicago murex Willd. (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 240. Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 241. Medicago polymorpha L. (*) – T scap – Medit.Irano-Turan. – arid untilled and tilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub M. articulata Willd. and M. hispida gaertner). Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub M. hispida gaertner). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub M. turbinata (L.) All.). 242. Medicago praecox DC. (*) – T scap – N-Medit. – untilled lands, grasslands, garrigues and clearings in shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 243. Medicago rugosa Desr. (*) – T scap – W-Medit. – untilled grasslands and limestone cliffs; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, margini delle vie, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 244. Medicago truncatula gaertn. (*) – T scap – Medit.-Atl. – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prateli, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub M. truncatula gaertner var. tribuloides (Desr.) Bernat). 245. Medicago turbinata (L.) All. (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled and tilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub M. tuberculata (Retz.) Willd.). 246. Melilotus italicus (L.) Lam. – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands and grasslands. Not observed in the study area. 100 Massiccio del Marganai, radure erbose; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub M. italica (L.) Lam.). 247. Melilotus sulcatus Desf. (*) – T scap – Medit. – tilled lands, olive groves and arid, untilled lands; WBS. 248. Ononis natrix L. subsp. natrix (*) – H caesp/ Ch suffr – Medit. – arid grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure erbose; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub O. natrix L.). 249. Ononis ornithopodioides L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – cliffs and arid grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 250. Ononis pusilla L. subsp. pusilla (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – pastures and garrigues, arid grasslands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 251. Ornithopus compressus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, arid grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nelle radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 252. Ornithopus pinnatus (Mill.) Druce (*) – T scap – W-Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 253. Pisum sativum L. subsp. bilorum (Raf.) Soldano (*) – T scap – Medit. – anthropized areas, olive groves and untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffuso nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. sativum L. subsp. elatius (Bieb.) Asch. et gr.). 254. Robinia pseudacacia L. (*) – P caesp – Inv. (NAmer.) – naturalized at the edges of roads and in synanthropic areas; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, introdotta e spontaneizzatasi (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 255. Scorpiurus muricatus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – stony grounds, grasslands, garrigues and degraded shrublands; WBS. Obs. Roadsides and grasslands between Serra Abis and Punta Palmeri. 256. Scorpiurus sulcatus L. (*) – T scap – W-Medit. – garrigues, untilled lands, shrublands, arid untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. muricatus L. subsp. sulcatus L.). 257. Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch (*) – P caesp – Medit. – mesophilous woods and shrublands; WRS. In sylvestribus Iglesias et Sardiniae centralis (Barbey, FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) 1884). M.te Marganai, radure macchie alte ad erica e corbezzolo, Iglesias. Mossa, 27.V.1984 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini della lecceta; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tinny, Domusnovas. Substrato: graniti; esposizione S 175°; inclinazione 5°. Bacchetta, Casti et Pontecorvo, 22.IV.2002 (CAg). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 258. Trifolium angustifolium L. subsp. angustifolium (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, grasslands and degraded shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub T. angustifolium L.). 259. Trifolium arvense L. subsp. arvense16 (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – arid untilled lands, not on calcareous substrates; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 260. Trifolium campestre Schreb. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and clearings in shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 261. Trifolium cherleri L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 262. Trifolium fragiferum L. subsp. fragiferum – H rept – Euro-Medit. –untilled lands and pastures, mainly humid and subsalted. Not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub T. fragiferum L.). 263. Trifolium glomeratum L. (*) – T scap – Medit.Atl. – stony grounds, grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 264. Trifolium ligusticum Balb. (*) – T scap – WMedit. – grasslands and untilled lands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 265. Trifolium nigrescens Viv. subsp. nigrescens (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands and untilled lands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub T. nigrescens Viv. subsp. nigrescens). For Sardinia only subspecies arvense is reported (Conti et al. 2005). However, the effective absence of subspecies gracilis (Thuill.) Nyman, not reported by Pignatti (1982), should be veriied. 16 266. Trifolium pratense L. subsp. pratense (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – grasslands, pastures, untilled and tilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub T. pratense L.). 267. Trifolium repens L. s.l.17 (*) – H rept – Circumbor. – grasslands and untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub T. repens L.). 268. Trifolium scabrum L. subsp. scabrum (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 269. Trifolium stellatum L. (*) – T scap – Medit.Irano-Turan. – ruderal areas, roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure assolate (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 270. Trifolium subterraneum L. s.l.18 (*) – T rept – Euro-Medit. – roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei pratelli tra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub T. subterraneum L.). 271. Tripodion tetraphyllum (L.) Fourr. (*) – T scap – Medit. – garrigues, untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub Anthyllis tetraphylla L.). 272. Vicia cracca L. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – grasslands, ruins; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Obs. Mount S. Michele. 273. Vicia disperma DC. (*) – T scap – W-Medit. – depositional areas of streams and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 274. Vicia hirsuta (L.) gray (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – grasslands and untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 275. Vicia lutea L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, arid pastures, shrublands and coppices, not on calcareous substrates; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub V. lutea L. subsp. vestita (Boiss.) Rouy). 17 Conti et al. (2005) reported for Sardinia the subspecies prostratum Nyman only. However, the presence of the subspecies repens is also conceivable. 18 Conti et al. (2005) reported for Sardinia the subspecies yanninicum Katzn et F. Morley only; the presence of other subspecies needs verifying. 101 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo 276. Vicia monantha Retz. subsp. calcarata (Desf.) Romero Zarco – T scap – Medit. – arid pastures and garrigues. Not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub V. monantha Retz.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub V. articulata Hornem. and sub V. monantha Retz.). 277. Vicia pubescens (DC.) Link (*) – T scap – Medit. – tilled lands and arid pastures; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 278. Vicia sativa L. subsp. macrocarpa (Moris) Arcang. (*) – T scap – Medit. – tilled lands and arid pastures; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, fra la macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Foresta del Marganai, presso il Rio Sarmentus, Domusnovas. Quota 280 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 8.IV.2006 (CAg). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub V. macrocarpa (Moris) Bertol.). 279. Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – arid grasslands and tilled lands; WBL. Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 280. Vicia villosa Roth s.l.19 (*) – T scap – EuroMedit. – roadsides, ruderal areas and grasslands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809) 281. Polygala monspeliaca L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands and untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 282. Polygala sardoa Chodat (*) – H scap – Endem. SA – grasslands, roadsides, on calcareous substrates; NRL Domusnovas, versante Nord del Monte Marganai. Arrigoni, 12.VI.1966 (FI). Massiccio del Marganai, solo nei pressi di P.ta San Michele e in alcuni pratelli in località Tintillonis; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). P.ta Reigraxius, Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta Conti et al. (2005) reported for Sardinia the subspecies varia (Host) Corb. in the wild, and the nominal subspecies as introduced and naturalized. 19 102 2003). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; coordinate UTM E 465873 N 4354504; esposizione 260° W; inclinazione 30°; 900 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, gamper et Pontecorvo, 9.VI.2004 (CAg). RosAles Perleb (1826) Rosaceae Juss. (1789) 283. Aphanes arvensis L. (*) – T scap – Cosmop. – ruderal areas, roadsides and untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure fresche (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 284. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (*) – P caesp – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – shrublands and mesophilous woods, hedges; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffuso nella macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 285. Geum urbanum L. (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit.Irano-Turan. – clearings and edges of mesophilous woods; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 286. Potentilla reptans L. (*) – H ros – Paleotemp. – humid places, water courses, particularly in riparian woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 287. Prunus spinosa L. subsp. spinosa (*) – P caesp – Euro-Medit. – rocky areas and pastures; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini della macchia, radure; sporadico (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 288. Pyrus spinosa Forssk. (*) – P caesp – Medit. – clearings and edges of woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e ai bordi delle vie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 289. Rosa canina L. (*) – NP – Paleotemp. – clearings and edges of mesophilous woods; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune tra le macchie (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 290. Rosa gallica L. – NP – Avv. (Euroasiat.) – coppices, brushwoods, arid grasslands. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 291. Rosa sempervirens L. (*) – NP – Medit. – shrublands and woods; WRS. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Massiccio del Marganai, siepi e macchioni; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 292. Rubus gr. ulmifolius Schott20 (*) – NP – EuroMedit. – shrublands, woods, sources and riverbeds; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie e siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Buggerru, 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005, sub R. gr. ulmifolius Schott). 293. Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. balearica (Bourg. ex Nyman) Muñoz garm. et C. Navarro (*) – H scap –Paleotemp. – arid grasslands, garrigues, untilled lands, on calcareous substrates; WRL. Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub S. minor Scop. subsp. muricata (gremli) Briq.). S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 11.VI.1998; 6.VI.2002; Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; 13.VII.2001; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005, sub S. minor Scop. subsp. muricata (gremli) Briq.). 294. Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. minor – H scap – Paleotemp. – arid grasslands, garrigues and untilled lands; probably confused with subsp. balearica. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, garrigues; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. minor Scop.). 295. Sanguisorba verrucosa (Link ex g. Don) Ces. (*) – H scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – arid grasslands, garrigues, untilled lands, on calcareous substrates; NRS. Obs. Near the Caves of S. giovanni, entrance opposite Domusnovas village. Substrate: Paleozoic limestones, inc. 30 °, esp. 90 ° E.21 296. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz – P caesp/P scap – Paleotemp. – mesophilous woods. Not considered autochthonous in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, nei pressi della caserma della AFD; rarissimo (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). The presence and distribution of species of the genus Rubus in Sardinia have yet to be clariied. For this, a speciic investigation would be necessary, taking all populations into consideration and analyzing their differences through an organic study of their morphology, molecular biology and chemotaxonomy. 20 21 The species is treated sensu Flora Iberica (Muñoz-garmendia & Navarro 1998). Rhamnaceae Juss. (1789) 297. Rhamnus alaternus L. subsp. alaternus (*) – P caesp – Medit. – thermophilous shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, nella macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 298. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (*) – P scap – E-Asiat. – introduced but not spontaneized species. Obs. Along Canale Aleni and near ruins situated below Punta Fenu Trainu, in the gorge gutturu Farris. Ulmaceae Mirb. (1815) 299. Ulmus minor Mill. subsp. minor (*) – P caesp – Paleotemp. – edapho-hygrophilous forest and brushwoods; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffuso lungo alcuni sentieri (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Cannabaceae Martinov (1820) 300. Celtis australis L. subsp. australis (*) – P scap – Medit. – valley bottoms, ravines and riparian environments; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, isolati nuclei nei pressi di San Benedetto (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Moraceae Link (1831) 301. Ficus carica L. var. capriicus Risso (*) – P scap – N-Medit. – sources and riverbeds; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, zone ruderali ed antropiche; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub F. carica L.). Urticaceae Juss. (1789) 302. Parietaria judaica L. (*) – H scap – EuroMedit.-Irano-Turan. – ruderal areas, roadsides and sheepfolds; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, zone marginali; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 303. Parietaria lusitanica L. subsp. lusitanica (*) – T rept – Medit. – rocks and damp walls; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, zone ombrose ed umide; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 304. Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy (*) – H rept – Endem. SA-CO-AT-BL22 – sources, cool or sunlit rocks; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, in una forra nei pressi di P.ta This species certainly occurs in the wild in Sardinia and Corsica. There are doubts about its nativeness to other territories, including the Balearic Islands where, maybe imported for ornamental purposes, it was later naturalized. 22 103 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Rosmarino; rarissima (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai, Domusnovas. Quota 640 m s.l.m.; esp. WNW; incl. 10°; substrato calcari; 21.VI.2001. Miniere di Su Zurfuru, Fluminimaggiore. Quota 180 m s.l.m.; esp. N; incl. 40°; substrato metamoriti; 5.V.1997. Bacchetta & Mossa (2004). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 305. Urtica atrovirens Req. ex Loisel. (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-CO-AT – sheepfolds and ruderal areas; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e luoghi ruderali; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 306. Urtica dioica L. subsp. dioica – H scap – Cosmop. – sheepfolds and roadsides. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 307. Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny (*) – T scap – Medit. – sheepfolds, ruderal areas and roadsides; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure erbose; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub U. dubia Forsskal). 308. Urtica pilulifera L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – edges of paths and ruderal areas at low altitudes; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, non molto comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). FAgAles Engl. (1892) Fagaceae Dumort. (1829) 309. Castanea sativa Mill. (*) – P scap – Euro-Medit. – planted in different areas and rarely spontaneous; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, introdotta, rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 310. Quercus dalechampii Ten. (*) – P scap – CMedit. – mesophilous woods; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica nei versanti Nord orientali (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Q. pubescens Willd.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006, sub Q. pubescens Willd.). 311. Quercus ilex L. subsp. ilex (*) – P scap – Medit. – woods and shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, lecceta; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai, Tinny, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 104 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 312. Quercus suber L. (*) – P scap – Medit. – woods, shrublands and wood pastures; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, presente in isolati popolamenti solo alla base del Massiccio, nel versante N-NW (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Betulaceae gray (1821) 313. Alnus glutinosa (L.) gaertn – P scap – Paleotemp. – riparian woods with oligotrophic waters, not on calcareous substrates. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, sporadico lungo le rive dei corsi d'acqua (Ballero & Angiolino 1991).23 cucuRbitAles Dumort. (1829) Cucurbitaceae Juss. (1789) 314. Bryonia marmorata Petit (*) – g rhiz – Endem. SA-CO – roadsides and shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nella macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 315. Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. (*) – g bulb – Medit. – anthropized areas of Coddu Is Inzoncas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini delle vie, diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). oXAlidAles Heintze (1927) Oxalidaceae R. Br. (1818) 316. Oxalis pes-caprae L. (*) – g bulb – Inv. (S-Africa) – ruderal and anthropized areas; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, bordi delle vie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). MAlPighiAles Mart. (1835) Euphorbiaceae Juss. (1789) 317. Euphorbia amygdaloides L. subsp. arbuscula Meusel (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-SI-ITM (Calabria and Sicily) – riverbeds, sources and humid places WRL. Obs. Rio Canonica; entrance of S. giovanni caves, near the little dam. 318. Euphorbia amygdaloides L. subsp. semiperfoliata (Viv.) Radcl.-Sm. (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SACO – cool and shady cliffs, at highest altitudes; NRS. 23 Calcifugous species, not present in study area. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure fresche fra la lecceta (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 319. Euphorbia characias L. (*) – NP – W-Medit. – synanthropic areas, garrigues and open shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 320. Euphorbia dendroides L. (*) – NP – Medit. – rocky areas, stony grounds and degraded shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). S. Benedetto, Iglesias. Substrato: calcari; bioclima: termomedit. sup./subumido inf. Coordinate UTM: 32SMJ5957; 280 m s.l.m. Navarro, Jimenez, Casti et Cano, 19.V.2004 (CAg). 321. Euphorbia helioscopia L. subsp. helioscopia (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – ruderal areas, sheepfolds, roadsides and grasslands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati, macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub E. helioscopia L.). 322. Euphorbia peplus L. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – ruderal areas, sheepfolds, roadsides and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati, macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 323. Euphorbia pithyusa L. subsp. cupanii (guss. ex Bertol.) Radel-Sm. (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-COSI – roadsides, escarpments, mining dumps and stony areas; WBL. grotta di S. giovanni, dopo il bivio, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Cogoni, 28.V.1989 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica sui versanti, più comune nelle prime pendici (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub E. pithyusa var. capanii (guss.) A.R. Sm.). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub E. cupanii guss. ex Bertol.). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (CAg); 324. Euphorbia pterococca Brot. (*) – T scap – WMedit. – untilled lands and pastures; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, nella macchia; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 325. Euphorbia segetalis L. (*) – Ch suffr – Medit. – ruderal areas; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure fra la macchia; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub E. pinea L.). 326. Euphorbia spinosa L. subsp. spinosa (*) – Ch suffr – N-Medit. – rocky areas and mountain tops on calcareous substrates; NRL. In montanis Marganai (Moris, 1827, sub E. spinosa L.). Domusnovas. Sine coll., 1869 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nelle "garrigues" di pendio subito sotto le cime (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub E. spinosa L.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub E. spinosa L.). 327. Euphorbia terracina L. (*) – H scap – Medit. – untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, zone soleggiate; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 328. Mercurialis annua L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – synanthropic areas; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, bordi delle vie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Salicaceae Mirb. (1815) 329. Salix alba L. (*) – P scap – Paleotemp – humid places, gravel bed streams;NRS. Obs. Rio Canonica, downstream of dam of Punta gennarta and near San Benedetto (Iglesias); Rio San giovanni, downstream of the caves (Domusnovas). 330. Salix atrocinerea Brot. subsp. atrocinerea (*) – P scap – W-Medit. – humid depressions; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa lungo i corsi d'acqua (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. pedicellata Desf.). Rio Canonica, Rio S'Arriali, Iglesias; Rio Sarmentus, Rio San giovanni, Domusnovas. Violaceae Batsch (1802) 331. Viola alba Besser subsp. dehnhardtii (Ten.) W. Becker (*) – H ros – Medit. – mesophilous wood and shrublands over 500 m of altitude; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle stazioni più fresche della lecceta (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Linaceae DC. ex Perleb (1818) 332. Linum bienne Mill. (*) – H bienn – Medit.-Atl. – grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa tra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 333. Linum maritimum L. subsp. maritimum – H scap – Medit. – substalted grasslands. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 334. Linum muelleri Moris (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. 105 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo SA – coastal limestone and skeleton prevailing substrates; WRL. Domusnovas, versante Nord del Monte Marganai. Arrigoni, 12.VI.1966 (FI). Massiccio del Marganai, solo nei pressi dell'abitato di S. Benedetto, tra la macchia a cisto; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 335. Linum strictum L. subsp. strictum (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – shrublands, garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e macchie; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 336. Linum trigynum L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and degraded shrublands; WBS. Radura presso Punta Sca Martini, Iglesias. Quota 860 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). Hypericaceae Juss. (1789) 337. Hypericum hircinum L. subsp. hircinum (*) – NP – Endem. SA-CO-AT – humid places and gravel bed streams; WRL. Obs. Near S. Benedetto stream. 338. Hypericum perfoliatum L. (*) – H scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, margini della macchia; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tinny, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 339. Hypericum perforatum L. (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – roadsides and untilled lands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie e siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). geRAniAles Dumort. (1829) geraniaceae Juss. (1789) 340. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. (*) – H ros – Paleotemp. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa tra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 341. Geranium colombinum L. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – roadsides and grasslands; WBS. Nei pressi delle grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Legit Scrugli, determinavit Zedda 15.V.1987 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 342. Geranium dissectum L. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – clearings and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune in radure e pratelli 106 (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 343. Geranium lucidum L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – walls, cliffs, shady and humid places; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa in radure e pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 344. Geranium molle L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati, luoghi erbosi, macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 345. Geranium purpureum Vill. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – garrigues, clearings and shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa in pratelli e radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 346. Geranium pusillum L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – fertilized soils, ploughed crops near houses; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune in radure e pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 347. Geranium robertianum L. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – shrublands and clearings in woods; WBL. 348. Geranium rotundifolium L. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – ruderal areas and roadsides; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). MYRtAles Rchb. (1828) Lythraceae J. St.-Hil. (1805) 349. Lythrum salicaria L. (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – edges of streams; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure fresche; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 350. Lythrum thymifolia L. – T scap – Euro-Medit. – Salt marsh. Not found in the study area. Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). Onagraceae Juss. (1789) 351. Epilobium hirsutum L. (*) – H scap – Circumbor. – slushy areas, ditches and streams; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure erbose; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 352. Epilobium lanceolatum Sebast. et Mauri (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – humid rocks, sources and streams; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; sporadico (Ballero & FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Angiolino 1991). 353. Epilobium montanum L. (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – humid and slushy areas, gravel bed streams, clearings in woods, edges of paths; NRS. Marganai, Domusnovas. Quota 640 m s.l.m.; esp. WNW; incl. 10°; substrato calcari; 21.VI.2001. Bacchetta & Mossa (2004). Myrtaceae Juss. (1789) 354. Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis (*) – P caesp – Medit. – thermophilous shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune componente della macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). sAPindAles Dumort. (1829) Anacardiaceae R. Br. (1818) 355. Pistacia lentiscus L. (*) – P caesp – Medit. – garrigues, shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune componente della macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 356. Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. terebinthus (*) – P scap –Medit. – arid slopes and cliffs, thermophilous woods; NRS. In sylvis montibus d'Iglesias, Marganai, Iglesias. gennari (sine irma), VI.1859 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Bocchieri, 3.VI.1987 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nel versante NordOrientale, rara negli altri (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub P. terebinthus L.). Sapindaceae Juss. (1789) 357. Acer monspessulanum L. subsp. monspessulanum (*) – P scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – mesophilous woods; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, nelle zone alte, ai margini della lecceta, abbastanza diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub A. monspessulanum L.). Rutaceae Juss. (1789) 358. Ruta angustifolia Pers. (*) – Ch suffr. – WMedit. – arid grasslands and garrigues; NRS. Tra S. Benedetto ed il Passo della Croce. Quota 455 m s.l.m.; substrato metamoriti paleozoiche. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 359. Ruta chalepensis L. (*) – Ch suffr – Medit. – cliffs, sometimes on old walls; calcicolous species; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie secondarie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). MAlvAles Dumort. (1829) Malvaceae Juss. (1789) 360. Lavatera olbia L. (*) – NP – W-Medit. – roadsides and rocky areas; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, bordi delle strade; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 361. Malva cretica Cav. subsp. cretica (*) – T scap – Medit. – arid untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub M. cretica Cav.). 362. Malva nicaeensis All. (*) – T scap/H bienn – Medit. – arid untilled lands, paths, pastures; NRS. Obs. Near to giardino Linasia. 363. Malva sylvestris L. subsp. sylvestris (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – ruderal areas, sheepfolds, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub M. sylvestris L.). 364. Tilia platyphyllos Scop. subsp. platyphyllos (*) – P scap (P caesp) – Avv. (Euro-Medit.)24 – introduced but not spontaneous species. Massiccio del Marganai, introdotta (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Raflesiaceae Dumort. (1829) 365. Cytinus ruber Fourr. ex Fritsch (*) – g rad – Medit. – usually a parasite of Cistus creticus L. subsp. eriocephalus; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, cisteti; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Thymelaeaceae Juss. (1789) 366. Daphne gnidium L. (*) – NP – Medit. – little evolved stages of shrublands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso la grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Substrato: metamoriti paleozoiche. Pontecorvo, 13.IX.2005 (CAg). Taxon present in the Mediterranean area, but given as occasional in Sardinia by Conti et al. (2005). 24 107 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Strada tra S. Benedetto ed il Passo della Croce, Iglesias. Quota 455 m s.l.m.; substrato metamoriti paleozoiche. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 367. Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. (*) – NP – Medit. – garrigues; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Euro-Medit. – roadsides, grasslands and depositional areas of streams; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). bRAssicAles Bromhead (1838) Resedaceae Bercht. et J. Presl (1820) Cistaceae Juss. (1789) 368. Cistus creticus L. subsp. eriocephalus (Viv.) greuter et Burdet (*) – NP – Medit. – garrigues, shrublands and clearings in woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub C. incanus L.). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003); Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005, sub C. eriocephalus Viv.). 369. Cistus monspeliensis L. (*) – NP – Medit. – garrigues, shrublands and clearings in woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, lande; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999. 370. Cistus salviifolius L. (*) – NP – W-Medit. – garrigues and shrublands; WBL. Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Tinny, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 371. Fumana laevipes (L.) Spach (*) – Ch suffr – Medit. – garrigues and rupicolous areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure fra la macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 372. Fumana thymifolia (L.) Spach ex Webb (*) – Ch suffr – Medit. – arid and stony grasslands, on calcareous substrates; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 373. Halimium halimifolium (L.) Willk. subsp. halimifolium – NP – W-Medit. – a mainly psammophilous species. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 374. Tuberaria guttata (L.) Fourr. (*) – T scap – 108 375. Reseda alba L. subsp. alba (*) – H scap – Medit. – ruderal areas, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure, margini delle vie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub R. alba L.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 376. Reseda lutea L. subsp. lutea (*) – H scap – EuroMedit. – untilled lands, ruins and roadsides; WRS. gennamari (Bornemann ex Barbey 1885, sub R. lutea L.). Massiccio del Marganai, radure e prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub R. lutea L.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub R. lutea L.). 377. Reseda luteola L. (*) – H scap –Euro-Medit. – roadsides, grasslands and xerophile garrigues; WBL. Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; 340 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, Català, Pontecorvo et Sotgiu-Cocco, 8.IV.2001 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Radura presso la caserma di Marganai, Iglesias. Calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). Brassicaceae Burnett (1835) 378. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyn. (*) – T scap – Cosmop. – roadsides, depositional sand and stony grounds; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 379. Arabis collina Ten. subsp. collina (*) – H scap – N-Medit. – rocks and cliffs; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub A. collina Ten.). 380. Arabis verna (L.) R. Br. (*) – T scap – Medit. – rocks, stony grounds and gravel bed streams; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso Caserma Marganai, Iglesias. Quota 670 m s.l.m.; substrato graniti e metamoriti. Pontecorvo, 2.IV.2006 (CAg). 381. Barbarea rupicola Moris (*) – Ch suffr – En- FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) dem. SA-CO – rocky walls and cliffs at the highest altitude; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, rupi, a P.ta Reigraxius ove non di rado si associa ad Iberis integerrima; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 382. Biscutella morisiana Raffaelli (*) – T scap – Endem. SA-CO – roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi aridi e soleggiati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; coordinate: UTM E 465873 N 4354504; esposizione 260 W; inclinazione 30°; 900 m. s.l.m. Bacchetta, gamper et Pontecorvo, 9.VI.2004 (CAg). Presso Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato calcarei paleozoici; 815 m s.l.m. Pontecorvo, 2.IV.2006 (CAg). 383. Brassica insularis Moris (*) – Ch suffr – SWMedit. – slopes and stony areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini di un sentiero, tra le fenditure del calcare, nei pressi di P.ta San Michele; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 384. Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.) A.R. Clapham (*) – H scap – Nat. (Europ.) – untilled and roadsides; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi ruderali; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub B. rapa L.)25. Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub B. campestris L.). 385. Brassica tournefortii gouan – T scap/H bienn – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – untilled lands, grasslands and brackish areas. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 386. Bunias erucago L. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – roadsides, depositional areas, grasslands and untilled lands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 387. Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – untilled grasslands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 388. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. subsp. bursa-pastoris (*) – H bienn – Cosmop. – untilled lands The lack of indication of a subspecies generally indicates reference to the nominal one. In this case, given that the subspecies rapa is not recorded from Sardinia, nor from Italian Tyrrhenian regions (Conti et al. 2005), while the subspecies campestris has been repeatedly observed and reported of Iglesiente, the record by Ballero & Angiolino (1991) must refer to the latter. 25 and roadsides; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 389. Capsella rubella Reut. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands and clearings; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 390. Cardamine hirsuta L. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – roadsides, grasslands and depositional areas of streams; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli aridi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 391. Clypeola jonthlaspi L. s.l. (*) – T scap – Medit. – arid untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Quota 890 m s.l.m.; substrato calcarei paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 2.IV.2006 (CAg). 392. Draba muralis L. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – untilled lands, roadsides and drystone walls; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 393. Erophila verna (L.) Dc. subsp. praecox (Steven) Walp. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – arid untilled lands, prefers acid substrates; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub E. verna (L.) Chevall subsp. praecox (Steven) P. Fourn.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub E. praecox (L.) DC.). 394. Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-F. subsp. incana (*) – H scap – Medit. – roadsides, escarpments and mining dumps; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 395. Hornungia petraea (L.) Rchb. subsp. petraea – T scap (*) – Euro-Medit. – depositional sands and grasslands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). Obs. Near Rio Sarmentus. 396. Iberis integerrima Moris (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA – mining dumps and environments contaminated by heavy metals; WRL. Marganai. gennari, V.1866 (FI). In Monte Marganai prope Iglesias. Biondi, 30.IV.1873, (FI). Sulla montagna di Marganai presso Iglesias. Biondi, 30.IV.1873 (FI). In summo Monte Marganai, Iglesias. Biondi, VI.1880 (FI). S. Benedetto. Bornemann ex Schweinfurth (1885). 109 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Massiccio del Marganai, solo nella sommità del massiccio, su roccia; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Punta S. Michele, Marganai, Iglesias. Ballero et Scrugli, 1.VI.1992 (CAg). Barraxiutta, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; esposizione 80°E; inclinazione 5-10°; bioclima: mesomedit. inf./subumido inf.; 345 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, Brullo, Cogoni et Scrugli, 4.VI.2002 (CAg). Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Radura presso Punta Sca Martini, Iglesias. 850 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 397. Lepidium draba L. subsp. draba (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – roadsides, ruderal areas and untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.). 398. Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. subsp. maritima (*) – H scap – Medit. – rocks and walls; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune specie nelle località soleggiate (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub L. maritima (L.) Desv.). 399. Nasturtium oficinale R. Br. subsp. oficinale (*) – H scap – Boreo-Trop. – edges of streams and slushy areas; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune lungo l'alveo dei torrenti (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 400. Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. raphanistrum (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – ruderal areas, sheepfolds and untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, zone marginali; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub R. raphanistrum L.). 401. Sinapis alba L. subsp. alba (*) – T scap – Nat. (E-Medit.) – tilled lands and synanthropic areas; WRL. Obs. San Lorenzo, guardia is Arbuzzus, Carraras; in grasslands, edges of tilled lands and pastures. 402. Sinapis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – cereal ields, untilled lands, ruins; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 403. Sisymbrium irio L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – untilled lands, ruins and vegetable gardens; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 404. Sisymbrium oficinale (L.) Scop. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – untilled lands and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Bal110 lero & Angiolino 1991). 405. Teesdalia coronopifolia (J.P. Bergeret) Thell. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). sAntAlAnAe Thorne ex Reveal (1992) sAntAlAles Dumort. (1829) Santalaceae R. Br. (1810) 406. Osyris alba L. (*) – NP – Medit. – shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure e nelle chiarie fra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). cARYoPhYllAnAe Takht. (1967) cARYoPhYllAles Perleb (1826) Polygonaceae Juss. (1789) 407. Persicaria maculosa (L.) gray – T scap – Cosmop. –infestant in irrigated crops, more rarely in ruderal zones, not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Polygonum persicaria L.). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub Polygonum persicaria L.). 408. Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. aviculare (*) – T rept – Boreo-Trop. – roadsides and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. aviculare L.). 409. Polygonum scoparium Loisel. (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-CO – alluvial mattresses and stony beds of streams; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, zone umide; prossimità di ruscelli e fontanili, su substrato roccioso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso il Rio di M. Narba, versante N della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Pontecorvo, 13.IX.2005 (CAg). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 410. Rumex acetosa L. subsp. acetosa (*) – H scap –Circumbor. – reaped and manured meadows; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure soleggiate, comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). M. Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub R. arifolius All.). 411. Rumex bucephalophorus L. subsp. bucephalophorus (*) – T scap – Medit. – depositional areas of streams, grasslands, garrigues and mining dumps; WBL. San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) et al. 2005). 412. Rumex obtusifolius L. subsp. obtusifolius (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – untilled lands and roadsides; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, margini dei sentieri; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 413. Rumex pulcher L. subsp. woodsii (De Not.) Arcang. (*) – H scap – Medit. – sheepfolds, ruderal areas and roadsides; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, margini delle vie; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub R. pulcher L. subsp. divaricatus (L.) Murb.). 414. Rumex scutatus L subsp. glaucescens (guss.) Brullo, Scelsi et Spampinato (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-SI-ITM (Calabria) – alluvial mattresses and stony areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub R. scutatus L.). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 415. Rumex thyrsoides Desf. (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – depositional areas of streams, grasslands and clearings; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Caryophyllaceae Juss. (1789) 416. Arenaria balearica L. (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-CO-AT-BL – shaded and humid rocks, dripping rocks and sources; WRL. Monti sopra Domusnovas. gennari, V.1861 (FI). Caverne oscure delle miniere di S. giovanni, Iglesias, De Sardagna. Sine coll., 22.V.1883 (FI). In humidis silvaticis Montis Marganai. Martelli, 8.IV.1894 (FI). Monte Marganai. Arrigoni, I.VII.1963 (FI). Domusnovas, versante Nord di M. Marganai. Arrigoni, 12.VI.1966 (FI). Massiccio del Marganai, su pareti rocciose e fresche sotto P.ta Reigraxius; rarissima (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 417. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. subsp. serpyllifolia (*) – T scap – Boreo-Trop. – edges of paths and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub A. serpyllifolia L.). 418. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – untilled lands and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi, radure, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 419. Dianthus cyatophorus Moris (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-SI – limestone rocks; NRS. Presso la grotta di S. giovanni, lato opposto a Domusnovas, Domusnovas. Quota 510 m s.l.m.; substrato metamoriti paleozoiche. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 420. Dianthus sardous Bacch., Brullo, Casti et giusso (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA – rocks and garrigues; WBL. Marganai, Iglesias. Camarda et Milia, 30.V.1976 (CAg, sub D. siculus C. Presl. Revidit Ballero, 11.II.1983). Massiccio del Marganai, comune sulle pareti rocciose (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub D. siculus C. Presl.). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub D. siculus C. Presl.). San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Ingresso di una miniera presso il Passo della Croce, Iglesias. Quota 660 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 421. Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischkin subsp. hybrida (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – arid untilled lands, on limestone; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 422. Paronychia echinulata Chater (*) – T scap – Medit. – depositional areas of streams; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e garigue; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 423. Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball et Heywood (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – rocky areas, edges of paths, clearings and shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure e pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Radura presso Punta Sca Martini, Iglesias. Quota 860 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 424. Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link subsp. gasparrinii (guss.) greuter & Burdet26 (*) – H caesp – CMedit.. – arid grasslands, on limestone; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link). 425. Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. subsp. tetraphyllum (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – arid grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. tetraphyllum L.). 426. Sagina apetala Ard. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – arid untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica nei pratelli (BalConti et al. (2005), as well as Pignatti (1982), reported for Sardinia only the subsp. gasparrini, to which is assigned the record by Ballero & Angiolino (1991). 26 111 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo lero & Angiolino 1991). 427. Saponaria oficinalis L. (*) – H scap – EuroMedit. – humid untilled lands, edges of streams; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, spazi erbosi; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 428. Silene bellidifolia Jacq. (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, roadsides, infestant in vegetable gardens; NBS. Barraxiutta, Domusnovas. Scrugli, 27.V.2004 (CAg). 429. Silene gallica L. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 430. Silene latifolia Poir. subsp. latifolia (*) – H bienn – Medit. – ruins and untilled lands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 431. Silene nodulosa Viv. (*) – H ros – Endem. SACO – cliffs and mountain crests; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pareti rocciose a P.ta Reigraxius; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 432. Silene velutinoides Pomel – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-Ag – shaded and calcareous cliffs, not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010). 433. Silene vulgaris (Moench) garcke subsp. tenoreana (Colla) Soldano et F. Conti (*) – H scap – Medit. – grasslands; NRS. S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 11.VI.1998; 6.VI.2002; Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005, sub S. vulgaris (Moench) garcke subsp. angustifolia Hayek). 434. Silene vulgaris (Moench) garcke subsp. vulgaris – H scap – Circumbor. – grasslands, not observed in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991) 27. 435. Spergula arvensis L. (*) – T scap – Cosmop. – ruderal areas, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 436. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. subsp. media (*) – T rept – Cosmop. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. media (L.) Vill.). 27 112 Probably confused with subsp. tenoreana. Amaranthaceae Juss. (1789) 437. Atriplex patula L. (*) – T scap – Circumbor. – anthropized and nitrophilous areas and ruins; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, nei pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai (Arrigoni 2006). 438. Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris (*) – H scap – Nat. – roadsides, grasslands and synanthropic areas; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, incolti e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 439. Chenopodium album L. subsp. album (*) – T scap – Cosmop. – ruderal areas, sheepfolds and untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi ruderali; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 440. Chenopodium murale L. (*) – T scap – BoreoTrop. – ruderal areas, roadsides and untilled lands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, ruderi, macerie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Montiaceae Raf. (1820) 441. Montia fontana L. subsp. variabilis Walters – I rad – Medit.-Atl. – humid areas. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli umidi; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Da noi non ritrovata e da riferire probabilmente alla subspecie chondrosperma (Fenzl) Walters. Portulacaceae Juss. (1789) 442. Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. oleracea (*) – T scap – Boreo-Trop. – roadsides and untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, bordi delle strade; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Cactaceae Juss. (1789) 443. Opuntia icus-indica (L.) Mill. (*) – P succ – Nat. (Neotrop.) – rock walls and stony areas; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei versanti caldi e soleggiati (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. icusbarbarica A. Berger). AsteRAnAe Takht. (1967) eRicAles Dumort. (1829) Primulaceae Batsch (1786) FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) 444. Anagallis arvensis L. s.l.28 (*) – T rept – BoreoTrop. – untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Obs. Carraras, quarry near Riu de Cerbu. 445. Anagallis foemina Mill. (*) – T rept – BoreoTrop. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub A. coerulea Schreber). 446. Anagallis monelli L. subsp. monelli (*) – H scap – S-Medit. – mining dumps, stony areas and road escarpments; NRL. La Duchessa (Bornemann ex Barbey 1885, sub A. collina Schousb.). Detriti di miniera, Marganai, Iglesias. Mossa (sine irma), 27.V.1984 (CAg). Pressi grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Scrugli, 15.V.1987 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Bocchieri, 3.VI.1987 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, molto rara solo sul versante occidentale su discariche calaminari ove vegeta assai rigogliosa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; 340 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, Català; Pontecorvo et Sotgiu-Cocco, 8.IV.2001 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; San giovanni, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Marganai (Arrigoni 2010, sub A. monelli L.). 447. Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 448. Cyclamen repandum Sm. subsp. repandum (*) – g bulb – W-Medit. – shrublands and woods; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle zone ombrose anche con litosuolo afiorante (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Esemplare con corolla purpureo-violetto uniforme. Scrugli, 16.IV.2002 (CAg). grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Esemplare con corolla quasi completamente bianca. Scrugli, 16.IV.2002 (CAg). 449. Samolus valerandi L. (*) – H scap – BoreoTrop. – humid places and sources; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli umidi; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Conti et al. (2005) reported for Sardinia the presence of the nominal subspecies and also of subspecies latifolia (L.) Arcang., which was not considered by Pignatti (1982) and is of dubious taxonomic value. 28 Ericaceae Juss. (1789) 450. Arbutus unedo L. (*) – P caesp – Medit.-Atl. – shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune costituente della lecceta (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999. Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999. 451. Erica arborea L. (*) – P caesp – Medit.-Trop. – shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, lecceta; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 452. Erica scoparia L. subsp. scoparia – P caesp – Medit. – xerophilous shrublands. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991)29. gentiAnAles Lindl. (1833) Rubiaceae Juss. (1789) 453. Asperula laevigata L. (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – thermophilous woods and shrublands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie e siepi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 454. Crucianella latifolia L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – arid grasslands and road escarpments; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 455. Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend. s.l. (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – edges of woods, hedges and shrublands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa tra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 456. Galium aparine L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – untilled lands and hedges; WBL. 457. Galium corsicum Spreng. (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-CO – open places; NRS. Versante Nord del Monte Marganai, Domusnovas, 12.VI.1966, Arrigoni (FI). Massiccio del Marganai, P.ta Marganai, fra i cespugli; molto rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 458. Galium divaricatum Lam. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit. – untilled lands and grasslands; NRS. The present survey tends to exclude the presence of this species in the Marganai massif. 29 113 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Massiccio del Marganai, nelle radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 459. Galium glaucophyllum Em. Schmid (*) – H caesp – Endem. SA – cool cliffs; NRL. Monte Marganai, Iglesias, rocce calcaree e boschi sopra Reigraxius. Arrigoni, 1969 (FI). Marganai (Arrigoni 1972). Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Ballero, VI.1988 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, nei pressi della grotta di S. giovanni, tra la macchia a cisto specie nelle stazioni più degradate; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991) 30. 460. Galium murale (L.) All. (*) – T scap – Medit. – walls and rocky areas; WRS. Obs. Mount S. Michele. 461. Galium parisiense L. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit. – grasslands, garrigues and thermophilous shrublands; NBS. Obs. Mount Marganai. 462. Galium rotundifolium L. subsp. rotundifolium – H scap – Euro-Medit. – woods, mostly mesophilous; probably confused with G. scabrum. Monte Marganai, Iglesias. Chiappini, 27.VI.1975 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, siepi, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 463. Galium scabrum L. (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – shrublands and woods; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, fra la macchia; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sotto Punta S. Michele, Iglesias. 820 m s.l.m.; esp. W; incl. 10°; calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). Presso il Rio Cruccueu, vicino alle grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 180 m s.l.m.; esp. W 275°; incl. 40°; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 464. Galium schmidii Arrigoni (*) – H scap– Endem. SA – rocky places; indifferent to the nature of the substrate; NRS. P.ta Reigraxius, Marganai, Iglesias. Ballero et Marras, 10.VI.1992 (CAg). 465. Galium spurium L. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit.-Irano-Turan. – arid untilled lands, garrigues; calcicolous species; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 466. Galium tricornutum Dandy (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – tilled lands, mainly cereal crops; NRS. The presence of G. glaucophyllum in garrigues of Cistus sp. seems rather unlikely. 30 114 Massiccio del Marganai, radure soleggiate; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 467. Galium verrucosum Huds. s.l.31 (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – depositional areas and annual grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub G. verrucosum Huds.). 468. Rubia peregrina L. subsp. peregrina (*) – P lian – Medit. – shrublands and woods; WBL. Case Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 30.V.1989 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, macchie secondarie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 469. Sherardia arvensis L. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit. – roadsides, untilled lands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi e macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 470. Theligonum cynocrambe L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – stony grounds and stony areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli tra il litosuolo; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Thelygonum cynocrambe L.). Sa Duchessa (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 471. Valantia muralis L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – stony areas and walls; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, nei pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). gentianaceae Juss. (1789) 472. Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. subsp. perfoliata (*) – T Scap – Euro-Medit. – clearings and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Chlora perfoliata L.). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Buggerru, 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Marganai, Domusnovas. Quota 640 m s.l.m.; esp. WNW; incl. 10°; substrato calcari; 21.VI.2001 (Bacchetta & Mossa 2004). Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, FluConti et al. (2005) reported for Sardinia the subspecies halophilum (Ponzo) Lambinon, endemic to Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica and Elba Island, and not reported by Pignatti (1982). However, one cannot exclude the presence of the nominal subspecies. 31 FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) minimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Presso uscita grotta di S. giovanni (lato opposto a Domusnovas), Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; 220 m s.l.m. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). Ingresso di una miniera presso il Passo della Croce, Iglesias. Quota 660 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 473. Centaurium erythrea Rafn subsp. erythrea32 (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – muds, humid sands, shrublands and garrigues; WBL. Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Distretto minerario di Montevecchio (Bacchetta et al. 2007). Monte Arcuentu, fanghi e sabbie umide, macchie e garighe; pc-WBL (Bacchetta et al., in press-b). 474. Centaurium erythraea Rafn. subsp. rhodense (Boiss. et Reut.) Melderis (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Obs. Sa Duchessa. 475. Centaurium erythrea Rafn. subsp. rumelicum (Velen.) Melderis – T scap – Paleotemp. – grasslands and garrigues. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Apocynaceae Adans. (1763) 476. Asclepias fruticosus L. (*) – P caesp – Nat. (SAfrica) – alluvial mattresses and gravel bed streams; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica negli alvei dei torrenti, nella zona basale del versante meridionale, periodicamente asciutti (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Aiton il.). 477. Nerium oleander L. subsp. oleander (*) – P caesp – Medit. – gravel bed streams; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune lungo gli argini dei ruscelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 478. Vinca difformis Pourr. subsp. sardoa Stearn (*) – Ch rept – Endem. SA – roadsides, hedges and water courses; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune; siepi (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub V. sardoa (Stearn) Pign.). UNPLACED FAMILY33 Boraginaceae Juss. (1789) 479. Borago oficinalis L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati, luoghi aperti; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 480. Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnst. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – untilled lands, arid grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; coordinate: UTM E 465873 N 4354504; esposizione 260 W; inclinazione 30°; 900 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, gamper et Pontecorvo, 9.VI.2004 (CAg). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Quota 890 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 2.IV.2006 (CAg). 481. Cerinthe major L. s.l.34 (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides and untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 482. Cynoglossum cheirifolium L. subsp. cheirifolium (*) – H bienn – W-Medit. – arid grasslands, garrigues; calcicolous species; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, in alcune radure tra la lecceta; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 483. Cynoglossum creticum Mill. (*) – H bienn – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure soleggiate; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Radura presso Punta Sca Martini, Iglesias. 850 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 484. Echium anchusoides Bacch., Brullo et Selvi (*) – H ros – Endem. SA – stony areas and mining dumps; NBL. Sa Duchessa, substrato argillo-ferroso, 340 m, Domusnovas. Angiolini et Bacchetta, 27.V.1999 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, su argille ferrose minerarie, 280 m. Bacchetta et Selvi, 27.V.1999 (CAg). S. Benedetto, Iglesias. Substrato: calcari; bioclima: termomedit. sup./subumido inf.; coordinate UTM 32 SMJ 595751; 280 m s.l.m. Navarro, Jiménez et Casti, 19.V.2004 (CAg). 485. Echium creticum L. subsp. creticum (*) – H bienn – W-Medit. – arid untilled lands, semiruderal The taxonomic limits of Boraginaceae, as well as the classiication of the family as part of an order, still require further information before they can be deined (APg III 2009). 34 The presence in Sardinia of the two subspecies reported by Conti et al. (2005) needs verifying. 33 It is likely that some of the following records, most of which do not indicate a subspeciic name, do not refer to the nominal subspecies but to the species s.l. 32 115 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo areas, ruins, rocks; NBS. Marganai (Iglesias). Martelli, 1905 (FI). 486. Echium italicum L. subsp. italicum35 (*) – H bienn – Euro-Medit. – synanthropic and ruderal areas, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 487. Echium plantagineum L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – ruderal areas, roadsides and untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, margini delle vie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Periferia di Domusnovas. Substrato terreni di riporto. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 488. Echium vulgare L. s.l. (*) – H bienn – EuroMedit. – untilled lands and pastures; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 489. Heliotropium europaeum L. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – ruderal areas, roadsides and untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi ruderali; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 490. Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill subsp. arvensis (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – untilled lands and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 491. Myosotis ramosissima Rochel ex Schult. subsp. ramosissima (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub E. italicum L.). solAnAles Dumort. (1829) Convolvulaceae Juss. (1789) 492. Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. sepium (*) – H scand – Paleotemp. – edges of streams, humid grasslands and untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub C. sepium (L.) R. Br.). 493. Convolvulus althaeoides L. (*) – H scand – Medit. – roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Marganai 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Conti et al. (2005) also reported the subspecies bieberstein (Lacaita) greuter et Burdet for Italy, albeit with a range to be deined, as well as the subspecies siculum (Lacaita) greuter et Burdet, endemic of Sicily. In absence of records of these subspecies from Sardinia and on the basis of reports of the nominal subspecies, all records of E. italicum are attributed to the latter, 494. Convolvulus arvensis L. (*) – g rhiz – Paleotemp. – roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati, radure, siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 495. Convolvulus cantabrica L. (*) – H scap – EuroMedit. – arid grasslands, garrigues (calcicolous); WRS. San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 496. Convolvulus siculus L. subsp. agrestis (Schweinf.) Verdc. (*) – T scap – S-Medit. – sunlit and dry rock issures; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 497. Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. subsp. corsicana (Yunck.) Lambinon (*) – T par – Endem. SA-CO – parasite of various herbs and shrubs of the Fabaceae family; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa su specie diverse (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Solanaceae Juss. (1789) 498. Hyoscyamus niger L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – debris, sheepfolds, under walls and rubble; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi ruderali; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 499. Lycium europaeum L. – NP – Medit. – alluvial mattresses in torrential water courses. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 500. Nicotiana glauca graham – NP – Avv. (Neotrop.) – cultivated and naturalized on walls, rocks and rubble. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nella zona basale, in prossimità di zone antropizzate (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 501. Solanum nigrum L. (*) – T scap – Boreo-Trop. – sheepfolds and ruderal areas; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli, siepi; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 502. Solanum sodomaeum L. (*) – NP – Nat. (SAfrica) – ruderal areas, untilled lands, in the more thermophilous areas; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, presente sporadicamente solo alla base, ai margini delle vie (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 35 116 lAMiAles Bromhead (1838) Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809) 503. Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl subsp. oxycarpa FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) (Willd.) Franco et Rocha Afonso – P scap – W-Medit. - riparian woods and shrublands. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, introdotta quale essenza ornamentale; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 504. Fraxinus ornus L. subsp. ornus (*) – P scap – Avv. (N-Medit.) – mesophilous woods; NRS. Rio de Bau (Bornemann ex Barbey 1885). Obs. North-facing slopes at Punta Sa Martinedda and Sca Martini, Iglesias. 505. Olea europea L. var. sylvestris Brot.36 (*) – P caesp/P scap – Medit. – thermophilous woods and shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. oleaster Hoffmgg. et Link). M. Sigue, Iglesias. Bacchetta & Mossa, 16.IV.1992 ex Bacchetta et al. (2004). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 506. Phillyrea angustifolia L. (*) – P caesp – Medit. – garrigues and thermophilous shrublands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune tra la macchia, specie nelle prime pendici calde e ben esposte (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 507. Phillyrea latifolia L. (*) – P scap – Medit. – thermophilous shrublands and woods; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Buggerru, 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub P. media L.). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Plantaginaceae Juss. (1789) 508. Antirrhinum majus L. subsp. majus – Ch frut – Nat. (W-Medit.) – cliffs, rocky slopes, ruins and walls. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, radure, pietraie; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 509. Callitriche stagnalis Scop. (*) – I rad – Circumbor. – stagnant or slowly lowing water. Not found in the study area; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, solo in alcune pozzette della zona basale (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Conti et al. (2005) did not take this variety into account, and brought O. europaea L. subsp. oleaster (Hoffmanns. et Link) Negodi into synonymy with O. europaea L. It is considered necessary to maintain, even in scientiic nomenclature, a different name for the cultivated olive tree and the wild olive, in order to distinguish them in regions such as Sardinia, where both are abundant. 36 510. Cymbalaria aequitriloba (Viv.) A. Chev. subsp. aequitriloba (*) – Ch rept – Endem. SA-CO-BL-AT – shady and humid rocks, sources; WRS. Pressi grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Fogu, 15.V.1987 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nelle zone fresche ed ombrose (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 511. Digitalis purpurea L. var. gyspergerae (Rouy) Fiori (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – clearings and edges of paths over 320 m of altitude; NRS. Obs. Holm oak woods near Arenas, Tinny. 512. Linaria arvensis (L.) Desf. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit. – tilled and arid untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 513. Linaria pelisseriana (L.) Mill. (*) – T scap – Medit.-Atl. – edges of mule tracks, grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 514. Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. subsp. orontium (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – arid grasslands and rocky areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 515. Plantago bellardii All. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. bellardi All.). 516. Plantago coronopus L. subsp. coronopus (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 517. Plantago lagopus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – arid grasslands and untilled lands; WRL. 518. Plantago lanceolata L. (*) – H ros – Circumbor. – ruderal areas, roadsides and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 519. Veronica arvensis L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – synanthropic areas, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). 520. Veronica beccabunga L. (*) – H rept – Paleotemp. – slowly lowing waters and slushy areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 521. Veronica cymbalaria Bodard subsp. cymbalaria (*) – T scap – Medit. – rocks, walls, vineyards, olive 117 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo groves, gardens, ruins; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Quota 890 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 2.IV.2006 (CAg). Scrophulariaceae Juss. (1789) 522. Scrophularia canina L. subsp. bicolor (Sm.) greuter (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-CO-SI – stony areas and mining dumps; NRL Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; esposizione NNW 330°; 540 m s.l.m. Angiolini & Bacchetta, 27.IV.1999 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; 340 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, Català, Pontecorvo et Sotgiu-Cocco, 8.IV.2001 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub S. bicolor (Sibth. et Sm.) greuter). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 523. Scrophularia peregrina L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – clearings of woods and shrublands, stony areas; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, tra la macchia; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 524. Scrophularia trifoliata L. (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-CO-AT – humid and shady cliffs, riparian areas; WBS. S. Benedetto. V. Bornemann ex Barbey (1885). Domusnovas, strada per la miniera Sa Duchessa, 27.IV.1978, Corrias (SS) Massiccio del Marganai, pochi esemplari in alcuni prati umidi e nei pressi di alcuni fontanili; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 525. Verbascum conocarpum Moris subsp. conocarpum (*) – H bienn – Endem. SA-CO-AT – escarpments, rocks and rocky walls; NRS. Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 526. Verbascum creticum (L.) Kuntze (*) – H bienn – W-Medit – humid grasslands and untilled lands; WRL. 527. Verbascum pulverulentum Vill. (*) – H bienn – Euro-Medit. – grasslands, also arid; WRL. Marganai, Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Ballero et Di Martino, 10.IX.1989 (CAg). 118 Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 528. Verbascum sinuatum L. (*) – H bienn – Medit. – roadsides and untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). S. giovanni di Bindua, Iglesias, 24.IV.1999; Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Buggerru, 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Lamiaceae Martynov (1820) 529. Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. s.l.37 (*) – Ch suffr – Medit. – arid grasslands and untilled lands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica lungo alcuni costoni ove il litosuolo afiora maggiormente (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 530. Ballota nigra L. s.l.38 (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – ruins, untilled lands and hedges; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub B. nigra L.). 531. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req) P.V. Ball (*) – H scap (Ch suffr) – Medit. – arid grasslands, untilled lands, walls, stony and rocky areas; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub C. nepeta (L.) Savi). 532. Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp. arundanum (Boiss.) Nyman (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – edges of woods and riparian environments; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sotto punta S. Michele, Iglesias. Quota 820 m s.l.m.; esp. W; incl. 10°; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 533. Lamium album L. subsp. album (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – untilled lands, ruins; nitrophilous species; NBS. Pignatti (1982) reported for Sardinia subspecies pseudoiva and the nominal subspecies, but without indicating in what they differ. Since, these subspecies have been revalued (Kergélen 1993; Conti et al. 2005). Therefore, it is not possible to know which of the following records, all sub A. iva (L.) Schreb, refer to the nominal subspecies, and which to subspecies pseudoiva. This subspecies was observed in two locations of the Iglesiente reported for this taxon, but its distribution is certainly wider. Instead, there are no data relecting the presence of the nominal subspecies. 38 Pignatti (1982) and Conti et al. (2005) reported for Sardinia only the subspecies uncinata (Fiori et Bèg) Patzak. The following records, without indication of subspecies, probably relate to this one. 37 FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Massiccio del Marganai, macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 534. Lamium biidum Cirillo subsp. biidum (*) – T scap – E-Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and thermophilous shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa tra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub L. biidum Cyr.). 535. Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas (*) – Ch frut – Medit. – garrigues and degraded shrublands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, lande e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 3.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 536. Marrubium vulgare L. (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – ruderal areas, sheepfolds and roadsides; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 537. Melissa oficinalis L. subsp. oficinalis (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – untilled lands, ruins; sometimes cultivated and spontaneous; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Obs. Near Rio canonica, junction to S. Benedetto, edges of Populus and Salix atrocinerea wood. 538. Mentha aquatica L. subsp. aquatica (*) – H scap – Boreo-Trop. – humid soils, hygromorphic environments and edges of streams; WRS. Obs. Wet grasslands near Rio Corongiu and Rio S. giovanni, source De su Capitolo, source Mamenga. 539. Mentha pulegium L. subsp. pulegium (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit.-Irano-Turan. – humid areas and edges of streams; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini dei torrenti; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Presso la sorgente all'ingresso della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 190 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 540. Mentha requienii Benth. subsp. requienii (*) – H rept – Endem. SA-CO – humid and dripping places, near streams; NRS. Oss. schistous, dripping cliffs between Canale Bega and Sarmentus. 541. Mentha spicata L. (*) – H scap – Euro-Medit. – untilled lands, roadsides and grasslands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, cunette, pratelli freschi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 542. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. subsp. insularis (Req.) greuter (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-CO-AT-BL – humid places, sources and edges of streams; WBL. grotte di Domusnovas: all'esterno, lato Sa Duchessa, 5.VII.1978, Atzei (SASSA, sub M. insularis Req. ex gren. et godr.). Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa su suoli pantanosi (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub M. suaveolens Ehrh. subsp. insularis (Req.) greuter). Presso le grotte di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Cogoni, 21.X.1992 (CAg, sub M. insularis Req. ex gren. et godr.). Sorgente presso l'ingresso della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 190 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg, sub M. insularis Req. ex gren. et godr.). 543. Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. subsp. graeca (*) – Ch suffr – Medit. – arid grasslands, stony grounds and rocky areas; WRL. Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999. Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 544. Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. subsp. tenuifolia (Ten.) Nyman39 – Ch suffr – C-Medit. – Rocky areas and stony grounds. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, radure, prati, margine delle vie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 545. Prasium majus L. (*) – Ch frut – Medit. – garrigues and low shrublands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi e macchioni; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 546. Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris (*) – H. scap – Circumbor. – humid soils and hygromorphic environments; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, nella lecceta; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. vulgaris L.). 547. Rosmarinus oficinalis L. subsp. oficinalis (*) – NP – Medit. – shrublands, garrigues and cliffs; calcicolous; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 548. Salvia verbenaca L. (*) – H scap – Medit.-Atl. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 549. Sideritis romana L. subsp. romana (*) – T scap – W-Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and thermophilous shrublands; WRL. This subspecies possesses distinctive but not very obvious characteristics, and can easily be confused with the habitus that the nominal subspecies takes on in the sciaphilous environments. 39 119 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo Massiccio del Marganai, radure aride; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. romana L.). 550. Stachys corsica Pers. (*) – H rept – Endem. SACO – shady and humid cliffs and rocky issures above 600 m of altitude; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, solo in prossimità di P.ta Marganai, anfratti rocciosi; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 551. Stachys glutinosa L. (*) – Ch frut – Endem. SACO-AT – garrigues, stony beds of streams and rocky areas; WBL. In rupestribus Monti Marganai. Biondi, V.1880 (FI). grotta di S. giovanni, versante nord, ca. 185 m, Domusnovas. Bavazzano et Ricceri, 24.V.1863 (FI). Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle "garrigues" di pendio (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Bacchetta, 8.IV.2000 (CAg). 552. Teucrium lavum L. subsp. glaucum (Jord. et Fourr.) Ronniger (*) – Ch frut – Medit. – stony areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini della lecceta e delle vie; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Parco Marganai, Iglesias. Legit Desogus et Pani, determinavit Ballero, 1.VII.2001 (CAg, sub T. lavum L.). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 553. Teucrium marum L. (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-CO-AT-BL-H – garrigues, shrublands and rocky areas; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, macchia e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Parco Marganai, Iglesias. Desogus et Pani, 1.VII.2001 (CAg). Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 554. Teucrium massiliense L. (*) – Ch suffr – WMedit. – gravel bed streams and stony areas; WRL. Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 555. Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. et Link (*) – Ch frut – Medit. – garrigues, arid slopes; calcicolous; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, roccia; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 556. Thymus herba-barona Loisel. – Ch rept – Endem. SA – Present on Mount Linas, but not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, solo in una località nei pressi di Reigraxius ove è sporadica; rarissima (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 557. Vitex agnus-castus L. – P caesp – Medit. – riparian shrublands in coastal zones. Not found in the 120 study area. Massiccio del Marganai, comune lungo le sponde del Rio Sarmentus (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Orobanchaceae Vent. (1799) 558. Bartsia trixago L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Bellardia trixago (L.) All.). 559. Orobanche canescens C. Presl (*) – T par – CMedit. – on Eryngium and varied Asteraceae; NRS. Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 560. Orobanche minor Sm. (*) – T par – Euro-MeditIrano-Turan. – parasite of Trifolium spp.; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub O. minor Sutton). 561. Orobanche ramosa L. subsp. mutelii (F.W. Schultz) Cout. (*) – T par – Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli e radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 562. Orobanche schultzii Mutel (*) –T par – EuroMedit. – roadsides and edges of mule tracks; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli fra la lecceta; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 563. Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel (*) – T scap – Medit.-Atl. – roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nei prati (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 564. Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel (*) – T scap – Medit.-Atl. – grasslands, garrigues and edges of shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Acanthaceae Juss. (1789) 565. Acanthus mollis L. subsp. mollis (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – arid untilled lands and shrublands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, sporadici popolamenti, zone ruderali; rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso l'ingresso della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 235 m s.l.m.; esp. W 275°; incl. 40°; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). Verbenaceae J. St-Hil. (1805) 566. Verbena oficinalis L. (*) – H scap – Boreo- FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Trop. – roadsides and grasslands, synanthropic environments; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, cunette, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). AQuiFoliAles Senft (1856) Aquifoliaceae DC. ex A. Rich. (1828) 567. Ilex aquifolium L. (*) – P scap – Euro-Medit. – mesophilous woods above 670 m of altitude; NRS. In sylvis montanis editis Marganai (...) a 1000 ad 1300 circiter metra supra maris supericiem (Moris 1837-1859). (...) ma la vera zona popolata di Agrifoglio è attorno ai 750 metri ed esattamente nel settore circostante le "Case Marganai" tra P.ta Su gruttoni Maurus (m. 754), la quota 739 e la quota 740 entro una cerchia di un paio di centinaia di metri di raggio (Desole 1966). Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa solo alle quote maggiori. In alcune stazioni forma aggruppamenti monospeciici con esemplari di notevoli dimensioni al disotto dei quali vegetano un buon numero di plantule (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tintillonis, Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 24.V.1993 (CAg). AsteRAles Lindl. (1833) Campanulaceae Juss. (1789) 568. Campanula erinus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – rocky areas and arid grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 569. Jasione gr. montana L. (*) – H bienn – EuroMedit. – pebbly or sandy areas and arid parts stream beds; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: sterili di miniera argillosi e ferrosi; esposizione 0-360°; inclinazione 0°; 280 m s.l.m. Selvi et Bacchetta, 29.V.1999 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; 340 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, Català, Pontecorvo et Sotgiu-Cocco, 8.IV.2001 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Sa Duchessa (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). P.ta Pitzianti, Fluminimaggiore, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 570. Legousia falcata (Ten.) Janch. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBS. Chiesetta di S. giovanni, Marganai, Iglesias. Ballero, 10.VII.1989 (CAg, sub L. castellana (Lange) Samp.)40. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Massiccio del Marganai, fra le siepi e nei prati; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, anche sub L. castellana (Lange) Samp.)41. 571. Legousia hybrida (L.) Delabre (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – infestant in cereal ields; NRS. Obs. Low altitude parts of the study area. Asteraceae Martynov (1820) 572. Achillea ligustica All. (*) – H scap – Medit. – arid slopes exposed to the sun; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, margini delle siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 573. Andryala integrifolia L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and clearings in shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 574. Anthemis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis (*) – T scap – Medit. – ruderal areas, pastures and untilled lands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 575. Anthemis maritima L. (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – sand and dunes; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Obs. Barraxiutta, Arenas. 576. Arctium minus (Hill.) Bernh. (*) – H bienn – Euro-Medit. – roadsides; NRS. Obs. A single population observed at the entrance of the Linasia garden (Case Marganai). 577. Artemisia arborescens L. (*) – NP – Medit. – roadsides, garrigues and thermophilous shrublands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune sui versanti assolati (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tra S. Benedetto ed il Passo della Croce, Iglesias. Quota 455 m s.l.m.; substrato metamoriti paleozoiche. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). In the exsiccata deposited at the CAg Herbarium, the calixteeth are about as long as the tube, and not just over half as in L. castellana. Also, other characteristics of the sample suggest that it is probably a small sized specimen of L. falcata. 41 See previous note. 40 121 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo 578. Atractylis cancellata L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – garrigues and arid pastures; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 579. Atractylis gummifera L. (*) – H ros – S-Medit. – garrigues and arid pastures; WRL. Iglesias (Fiori 1913, sub Carlina fontanesii DC.). Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini dei pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 580. Bellis annua L. subsp. annua (*) – T scap – Medit.-Atl. – ruderal areas, roadsides and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sentiero sul bordo del Rio Sarmentus, Domusnovas. Coordinate E 46682 N 4356934; quota 275 m s.l.m.; esp/incl.=0. Pontecorvo et Carai, 8.IV.2006 (CAg). 581. Bellis perennis L. (*) – H ros – Euro-Medit. – roadsides and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle zone fresche (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 582. Bellis sylvestris Cirillo (*) – H ros – Medit. – grasslands and clearings; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa ai margini della macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 583. Bellium bellidioides L. (*) – H ros – Endem. SA-CO-BL – wet and cool rocks, sources; WBL. Versante Nord del M. Marganai, Domusnovas. Arrigoni, 12.VI.1966 (FI) Massiccio del Marganai, solo lungo l'alveo di alcuni ruscelli e in poche zone umide (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, su argille ferrose minerarie, Domusnovas. Bacchetta, Català, Pontecorvo et Sotgiu-Cocco, 8.IV.2001 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 584. Calendula arvensis L. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit. – ruderal areas, roadsides, sheepfolds and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 585. Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. pycnocephalus (*) – H bienn – Medit. – ruderal areas and roadsides; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, nelle radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 586. Carlina corymbosa L. (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – roadsides, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure degradate; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 122 Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 3.VI.2001; 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 587. Carlina lanata L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides and untilled lands; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 588. Carthamus lanatus L. subsp. lanatus (*) – T scap – Medit.-Irano-Turan. – arid untilled lands, olive groves and vineyards; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi sassosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 589. Centaurea calcitrapa L. (*) – H bienn – Medit.Atl. – anthropized areas, roadsides and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 590. Centaurea melitensis L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides and arid untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 591. Centaurea napifolia L. (*) – T scap – W-Medit. – untilled lands and grasslands; NRL. Iglesias. gennari (sine irma) VI.1859 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa ai margini dei sentieri nella zona basale (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 592. Chondrilla juncea L. (*) – H scap – EuroMedit.-Irano-Turan. – grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, nei prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 593. Cichorium intybus L. subsp. intybus (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – untilled lands and edges of ields; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 594. Cirsium scabrum (Poir.) Bonnet et Barratte (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – woods, hedges and untilled lands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 595. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (*) – H bienn – Paleotemp. – roadsides and grasslands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 596. Crepis sancta (L.) Babc. subsp. sancta (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – untilled lands, arid grasslands and cliffs; NRS. FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 597. Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. hyemalis (Biv.) Babc. (*) – T scap – Endem. SA-SI – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 598. Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) Vis. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and clearings; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati, margine delle vie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; coordinate: UTM E 465873 N 4354504; esposizione 260 W; inclinazione 30°; 900 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, gamper et Pontecorvo, 9.VI.2004 (CAg). 599. Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus (*) – H scap – Medit. – roadsides and untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nelle radure degradate (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 600. Dittrichia graveolens (L.) greuter (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Inula graveolens (L.) Desf.). 601. Dittrichia viscosa (L.) greuter s.l. (*) – Ch suffr – W-Medit. – ruderal areas, roadsides and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; molto diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Rio di Monteponi; Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999; Buggerru, 29.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; P.ta Pitzianti, Fluminimaggiore, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 602. Erigeron canadensis L. (*) – T scap – Cosmop. – arid untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.). 603. Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. corsicum (Loisel.) P. Fourn. (*) – H scap –Endem. SA-COITM (Basilicata) – sources, streams and riparian woods; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi freschi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub E. cannabinum L.). 604. Filago gallica L. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – ields, arid untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Oglifa gallica (L.) Chrtek et Holub.). 605. Filago pygmaea L. (*) – T rept – Medit. – therophytic grasslands and edges of paths of cacuminal areas; WRL. Is Arenas, Fluminimaggiore. Substrato: discarica mineraria; esposizione S-SW; inclinazione 60°; 595 m s.l.m. Angiolini & Bacchetta, 25.IV.1999 (CAg, sub Evax pygmaea (L.) Brot.). 606. Filago pyramidata L. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – arid untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, sporadica nei pratelli (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 607. Filago vulgaris Lam. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – untilled lands, tilled lands after harvest, roadsides, grasslands; WBL. Punta S. Michele, Domusnovas. Substrato: calcari paleozoici; coordinate: UTM E 465873 N 4354504; esposizione 260 W; inclinazione 30°; 900 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, gamper et Pontecorvo, 9.VI.2004 (CAg, sub F. germanica (L.) Hudson). 608. Galactites tomentosa Moench (*) – H bienn – Medit. – ruderal areas, roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 609. Gazania unilora Sims (*) – H scap – Avv. – cultivated as an ornament and sometimes subspontaneous near human settlements; NRS. Presso la casermetta di Punta Pilocca, Fluminimaggiore. Quota 630 m s.l.m. Pontecorvo et Carai, 30.X.2005 (CAg). 610. Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach (*) – T scap – Medit. – anthropized areas, roadsides and untilled lands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Chrysanthemum coronarium L.). 611. Hedypnois cretica (L.) Dum. Cours. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 612. Helichrysum microphyllum (Willd.) Camb. subsp. tyrrhenicum Bacch., Brullo et giusso (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-CO-BL – rocky areas, depositional areas of streams, garrigues and degraded shrublands; WBL. In aridis et rupestribus montosis Marganari. Martelli, 8.IV.1894 (FI) ex Bacchetta et al. (2003a). Massiccio del Marganai, rupi, discariche minerarie, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub H. ita123 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo licum (Roth.) g. Don. subsp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nyman). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub H. italicum (Roth) g. Don il. subsp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nyman). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; P.ta Pitzianti, Fluminimaggiore, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 613. Helichrysum montelinasanum Em. Schmid (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA – issures in rocks and cliffs; NRL. Punta de Tinni, Arenas, Domusnovas. Scrugli et Cogoni, 12.VI.1992 (CAg). 614. Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, ruderal areas and grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure erbose; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Picris echioides L.). 615. Hyoseris radiata L. subsp. radiata (*) – H ros – Medit. – untilled lands, walls and escarpments; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991) 616. Hypochaeris achyrophorus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – grasslands, garrigues and clearings in shrublands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso l'ingresso della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 235 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 617. Hypochaeris sardoa Bacch., Brullo et Terrasi (*) – H scap – Endem. SA – rocks, cliffs; calcifugous; NRS. Tinny, Domusnovas. Bacchetta, Brullo, Casti et giusso, 10.VI.2001 (CAT). 618. Leontodon tuberosus L. (*) – g bulb – Medit. – stony areas and cliffs; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 619. Nananthea perpusilla (Loisel.) DC. (*) – T scap – Endem. SA-CO – grasslands near Rio Cruccueu; NRL. Rio Cruccueu, Domusnovas. Substrato: scisti paleo124 zoici. Legit Angius, determinavit Bacchetta, 5.I.2005 (CAg). 620. Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass. (*) – T scap – Medit. – ields, untilled lands, arid grasslands, roadsides; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 621. Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. subsp. spinosa (*) – T scap (H bienn) – Medit. – ruderal areas and roadsides; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure aride; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. spinosa (L.) Cass.). 622. Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. subsp. rupestre (*) – Ch suffr – W-Medit. – calcareous cliffs and walls; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa; rupi (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub P. rupestre (L.) DC.). 623. Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass. (*) – Ch suffr – W-Medit. – sunlit cliffs; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure, litosuolo; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 624. Phagnalon sordidum (L.) Rchb. (*) – Ch suffr – W-Medit. – cliffs and walls; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 625. Plagius losculosus (L.) Alavi et Heywood (*) – Ch suffr – Endem. SA-CO-AT – beds of streams and alluvial mattresses; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, in alcune radure riparate a Su Corovau; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Leucanthemum losculosum (L.) P. giraud). Sopra il Passo della Croce, Iglesias. Quota 660 m s.l.m.; esp. 350°N; incl. 30°; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg, sub L. losculosum (L.) P. giraud). 626. Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) greuter (*) – H scap – Endem. SA-CO – roadsides and edges of paths, depositional areas of streams, mining dumps; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, in ambienti molto eterogenei; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Massiccio del Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999; Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 627. Pulicaria odora (L.) Rchb. (*) – H scap – Medit. – clearings, shrublands and woods; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; molto diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) 628. Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth (*) – H scap – Medit. – roadsides and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001. 629. Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) gaertn. (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 630. Robertia taraxacoides (Loisel.) DC. (*) – H ros – C-Medit. – rocky areas at highest altitudes; NRL. Obs. Cacuminal areas of Mount Marganai. 631. Santolina corsica Jord. et Fourr. (*) – NP – Endem. SA-CO – arid and degraded places, mining dumps; NRS. Marganai, Iglesias. Chiappini, 23.VI.1975 (CAg). 42 632. Santolina insularis (gennari ex Fiori) Arrigoni (*) – NP – Endem. SA – arid and degraded places, mining dumps; WBL. Holotypus: Monti d'Iglesias a S. Benedetto. gennari (p. insularis genn. herb.) sine die (FI, sub S. chamaecyparissus L. var. pectinata (Benth.) b. insularis genn.). Miniera di S. giovanni, Iglesias. Martinoli et al., 3.I.1953 (FI). Domusnovas, versante Nord del Monte Marganai. Arrigoni, 12.VI.1966 (FI). Malacalzetta, calcari paleozoici fra Arcu Sa Cruxi e q. 751 a Nord di punta genna Aragosta. Arrigoni et Ricceri,16.V.1967 (FI). Massiccio del Marganai, P.ta S. Michele, diffusa anche in lande e discariche minerarie (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Punta S. Michele, Massiccio Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: sterili di miniera argillosi et ferrosi; esposizione 0-360°; inclinazione 0°; 280 m s.l.m. Selvi et Bacchetta, 29.V.1999 (CAg). Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. Substrato: discariche minerarie; 340 m s.l.m. Bacchetta, 8.IV.2001 (CAg). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Rio Marganai, Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Radura presso Punta Sca Martini, Iglesias. 850 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 633. Scolymus hispanicus L. (*) – H bienn – EuroMedit. – roadsides and untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nelle radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 634. Scorzonera callosa Moris (*) – H ros – Endem. SA – mountain grasslands; WRS. Versante Nord del Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Arrigoni, 12.VI.1966 (FI). Calcarei paleozoici fra Arcu Sa Cruxi e quota 751 a Nord di Punta genna Aragosta, Malacalzetta, Iglesias. Arrigoni et Ricceri, 16.V.1967 (FI). Marganai, Iglesias. Camarda et Milia, 30.V.1976 (CAg). 635. Scorzonera villosa Scop. subsp. columnae (guss.) Nyman – g rhiz (H scap) – C-Medit. – arid grasslands and rocky slopes, on limestone.43 Not found in the study area. La Duchessa. V. Bornemann ex Barbey (1885). 636. Senecio aquaticus Hill – H bienn – Euro-Medit. – humid and shady places. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, in piccole radure; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. erraticus Bertol.). 637. Senecio delphinifolius Vahl (*) – T scap – WMedit. – arid untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, siepi e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sentiero sul bordo del Rio Sarmentus, Domusnovas. Quota 280 m s.l.m.; esp. 254° WSW; incl. 40°. Pontecorvo et Carai, 8.IV.2006 (CAg). 638. Senecio vulgaris L. (*) – T scap – Paleotemp. – sheepfolds and ruderal areas; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, nei prati; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 639. Silybum marianum (L.) gaertn. (*) – H bienn – Medit. – synanthropic and ruderal areas, roadsides and untilled lands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure, ovili; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 640. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper (*) – T scap – Cosmop. – roadsides, sheepfolds and untilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli ombrosi; diffusa (Bal- Differentiation of the two entities of the chamaecyparissus group seems unclear and all the Corso-Sardinian populations deserve further investigation. 43 42 Records of this species, which is not reported from Sardinia (Conti et al. 2005), are likely to refer to S. callosa Moris. 125 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo lero & Angiolino 1991). 641. Sonchus oleraceus L. (*) – T scap – Boreo-Trop. – roadsides and untilled lands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati e radure; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 642. Sonchus tenerrimus L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides and untilled lands; NRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 643. Taraxacum gr. oficinale Weber (*) – H ros – Circumbor. – ruderal areas, grasslands and clearings; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati, siepi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 644. Tolpis virgata (Desf.) Bertol. subsp. virgata (*) – H scap – Medit. – untilled lands and arid grasslands; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub T. virgata (Desf.) Bertol.). 645. Urospermum dalechampii (L.) F.W. Schmidt (*) – H scap – Medit. – arid grasslands, untilled lands, roadsides; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati, margine delle vie; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Sa Duchessa, Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999; Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas. 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; P.ta Pitzianti, Fluminimaggiore, 3.IX.2000. 646. Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F.W. Schmidt (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, roadsides; WBS Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Tinny, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). 647. Xanthium spinosum L. (*) – T scap – Nat. (Sudamer.) – arid untilled lands, ruins; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffuso (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). diPsAcAles Dumort. (1829) Adoxaceae E. Mey 648. Sambucus nigra L. (*) – P caesp – Euro-Medit. – riparian and mesophilous woods and shrublands; WRL. 126 Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa tra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Massiccio del Marganai, Iglesias. Fogu, 25.V.1993 (CAg). 649. Viburnum tinus L. subsp. tinus – P caesp – Medit. – evolved bush and woods. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, nella lecceta; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Caprifoliaceae Juss. (1789) 650. Centranthus calcitrapae (L.) Dufr. subsp. calcitrapae (*) – T scap – Medit. – depositional areas of streams, grasslands and garrigues; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, radure e pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). Lato strada presso il Rio Sarmentus, Domusnovas. Quota 280 m s.l.m.; esp./incl.=0; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 8.IV.2006 (CAg). 651. Dipsacus ferox Loisel. (*) – H bienn – Endem. SA-CO – roadsides and untilled lands; WBL. Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Ballero, 1.V.1989 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, in alcune radure erbose; non molto comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Marganai, Sa Duchessa, Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 652. Lonicera implexa Aiton subsp. implexa (*) – P lian – Medit. – shrublands and woods; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, comune fra la macchia (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub L. implexa Aiton). P.ta Pitzianti, Fluminimaggiore, 3.IX.2000 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 653. Sixalix atropurpurea (L.) greuter et Burdet subsp. grandilora (Scop.) Soldano et F. Conti (*) – H bienn (T scap, H scap) – Medit. – arid untilled lands, roadsides, ruins; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub Scabiosa maritima L.). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta FloRistic And vegetAtionAl FeAtuRes oF Monte MARgAnAi (sW sARdiniA) 2003, sub Scabiosa maritima L.). Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; P.ta Pitzianti, Fluminimaggiore, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005, sub S. atropurpurea (L.) greuter et Burdet subsp. maritima greuter et Burdet). 654. Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – untilled lands, arid pastures, also infestant; NRS. Obs. Monte S. Michele. 655. Valerianella microcarpa Loisel. (*) – T scap – Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nei pratelli e radure (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). APiAles Nakai (1930) Araliaceae Juss. (1789) 656. Hedera helix L. subsp. helix (*) – P lian – Paleotemp. – shrublands and mesophilous woods; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune nella lecceta (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Apiaceae Lindl. (1836) 657. Ammoides pusilla (Brot.) Breistr. (*) – T scap – Medit. – arid untilled lands, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Ingresso di una miniera presso il Passo della Croce, Iglesias. Quota 660 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 658. Apium nodilorum (L.) Lag. subsp. nodilorum (*) – I rad – Paleo-Temp. – muddy puddles, sources and streams; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa lungo i torrenti (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 659. Bifora testiculata (L.) Spreng. – T scap – Medit. – infestant in cereal crops. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; molto rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 660. Bunium corydalinum DC. subsp. corydalinum (*) – g bulb – Endem. SA-CO – pastures, wind-beaten garrigues.WRS. Obs. Rocky areas near Su gruttoni Mauri and Punta Martini (between Punta Martini and Punta San Michele). 661. Bupleurum baldense Turra (*) – T scap – Euro- Medit. – shrublands, garrigues and pastures; WRL. Obs. P. genna Ruxitta, mining area of Reigraxius. 662. Bupleurum fruticosum L. (*) – NP – Medit. – cliffs, garrigues; preferably on calcareous substrates; NRL. Monte Marganai, Domusnovas. Ballero, 08:XI.1986 (CAg). Massiccio del Marganai, rocciai; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso il Passo della Croce, Iglesias. Quota 660 m s.l.m.; esp. 350° N; incl. 30°; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 663. Conium maculatum L. subsp. maculatum (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – clearings in riparian and thermophilous woods and shrublands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini dei torrenti; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Presso il giardino Linasia a Marganai, Iglesias. Substrato: calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 664. Daucus carota L. subsp. maritimus (Lam.) Batt. (*) – H bienn – W-Medit. – thermophilous grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Rio di Monteponi, Marganai, Tinny, Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Tinnì, Fluminimaggiore, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.VI.1999; 13.VII.2001; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000; Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 10.VI.2001 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 665. Daucus muricatus (L.) L. (*) – T scap – WMedit. – untilled lands and grasslands; NBS. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 666. Eryngium campestre L. (*) – H scap – EuroMedit.-Irano-Turan. – synanthropic environments; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 667. Eryngium tricuspidatum L. (*) – H scap – SWMedit. – grasslands and thermophilous garrigues; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, zona cacuminale; molto rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). S. giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 11.VI.1998 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 668. Ferula communis L. (*) – H scap – Medit. – synanthropic areas, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, prati; diffusa (Ballero & An127 RobeRto Angius, giAnluigi bAcchettA, cRistiAno PontecoRvo giolino 1991). Baueddu, Iglesias, 26.IV.1999; Rio di Monteponi, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999. 669. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (*) – H scap – S-Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands and grasslands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, margini delle vie, luoghi erbosi, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub F. vulgare L. subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho). Sa Duchessa, Barraxiutta, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Arenas, Fluminimaggiore, 26.IV.1999 (Angiolini & Bacchetta 2003, sub F. vulgare L. subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho). Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999; Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 3.IX.2000. 670. Magydaris pastinacea (Lam.) Paol. (*) – H scap – W-Medit. – garrigues and rocky areas; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 671. Oenanthe crocata L. (*) – H scap – Medit.-Atl. – very wet areas, sources and streams; WRL. Sorgente presso l'ingresso della grotta di S. giovanni, Domusnovas. Quota 190 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo et Carai, 9.VII.2006 (CAg). 672. Oenanthe lisae Moris – H scap – Endem. SA – swampy areas and sources. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, praterie teroitiche attorno a P.ta Marganai; molto rara (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 673. Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. (*) – H scap – Medit.-Atl. – ditches, puddles and sources; WRS. Rio Sa Duchessa, Domusnovas, 27.IV.1999 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 674. Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb. (*) – H scap – Medit.-Atl. – puddles, wet areas and sources; WRS. Obs. Drains and wet areas. 675. Opopanax chironium (L.) W.D.J. Koch – H scap – Medit. – roadsides, edges of ields, pine forests and degraded shrublands. Not found in the study area. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991).44 676. Orlaya daucoides (L.) greuter (*) – T scap – Medit. – untilled lands, grasslands; NRS. Obs. Punta S. Michele. 677. Pimpinella peregrina L. (*) – H bienn – Medit. –untilled grasslands and hedges; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, ai margini della macchia; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). This record is not considered plausible on account of the ecology and rarity of this species. Not observed in the study area. Perhaps confused with Magydaris pastinacea. 44 128 Presso la grotta di S. giovanni, lato opposto rispetto a Domusnovas, Domusnovas. Quota 210 m s.l.m.; substrato calcari paleozoici. Pontecorvo, 4.VI.2006 (CAg). 678. Sanicula europaea L. (*) – H scap – Paleotemp. – mesophilous woods; NRS. Obs. Mesophilous woods above 800 m altitude. 679. Scandix pecten-veneris L. subsp. pecten-veneris (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – grasslands and garrigues; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 680. Seseli praecox (gamisans) gamisans (*) – Ch frut – Endem. SA-CO – rocky ravines and rock issures, preferably calcareous; WRL. Massiccio del Marganai, zone rocciose a P.ta San Michele; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 681. Smyrnium olusatrum L. (*) – H bienn – Medit. – ruderal and anthropized areas, untilled and humid grasslands; WBS. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 682. Smyrnium perfoliatum L. subsp. rotundifolium (Mill.) Hartvig – H bienn (*) – E-Medit. – roadsides, untilled lands; NRS. Massiccio del Marganai, diffusa nelle zone ombrose e fresche (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub S. rotundifolium Mill.). 683. Thapsia garganica L. (*) – H scap – Medit. – sandy areas of streams, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. San giovanni Miniera, Iglesias, 6.VI.2002 (Angiolini et al. 2005). 684. Tordylium apulum L. (*) – T scap – Medit. – sandy areas of streams, grasslands and garrigues; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, luoghi erbosi; diffusa (Ballero & Angiolino 1991). 685. Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link subsp. arvensis (*) – T scap – Euro-Medit. – arid untilled lands, ruins, around tilled lands; WRS. Massiccio del Marganai, radure; sporadica (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub T. arvensis (Hudson) Link). 686. Torilis nodosa (L.) gaertn. (*) – T scap – EuroMedit.-Irano-Turan. – edges of paths and untilled lands; WBL. Massiccio del Marganai, pratelli; comune (Ballero & Angiolino 1991, sub T. nodosa (L.) gaertner). 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Floristic and vegetational features of Monte Marganai (SW Sardinia)

Floristic and vegetational features of Monte Marganai (SW Sardinia)

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