Freshwater amphipods from Madagascar with description of a new familiy, three new genera and six new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

Valentina Iannilli

Los crustáceos son un grupo diverso y abundante de la fauna invertebrada de la comunidad litoral y estuarina. Este estudio presenta el primer compendio sobre la fauna de anfípodos en el estuario del río Miño, Península Ibérica, recolectada a través de captura accidental de pesca de angula, y muestreos con draga y arrastre de vara. Se examinaron un total de 100 especímenes pertenecientes a 18 familias, 23 géneros y 34 especies (23 nuevos registros para el río Miño, incluyendo un nuevo registro para Portugal, Parametopa kervillei Chevreux, 1901). Las famílias más representadas fueron Ampeliscidae, con 7 especies del género Ampelisca, y Gammaridae, con 3 especies de géneros distintos. Además se proporciona para todas las espécies un breve diagnóstico, notas ecológicas, distribución y figuras con el objetivo de proporcionar apoyo taxonómico en futuros proyectos medioambientales en esta zona.

Natural history museum collections harbour valuable information on species. The usefulness of such data critically depends on the accurate identification of species, which has been challenged by introduction of molecular techniques into taxonomy. However, most collections may suffer from DNA degradation, due to age and/or improper preservation; hence the identification of specimens depends solely on morphological features. This study explores how and to what extent morphological data can help to solve ambiguous taxonomic cases based on selected species concepts and with the use of operational criteria in a species-hypothesis testing procedure. The studied taxon, the Niphargus tatrensis species complex, comprises freshwater subterranean amphipods, distributed across Central Europe, the taxonomic status of which was debated extensively between 1930 and 1960. Using the general species concept, character- and tree-based operational criteria reveal northern and southern diagnosable and exclusive lineages identified here as N. tatrensis Wrześniowski, 1888 and N. scopicauda sp. n., respectively. The remaining populations represent the non-exclusive N. aggtelekiensis Dudich, 1932, which occurs from the eastern Alps to Hungary. In the entire complex, altitudinal distribution is largely limited to areas above 400 m, where the mean annual temperature never exceeds 9°C. Seemingly well-defined distributional ranges of N. tatrensis and N. aggtelekiensis are fragmented in an ecological sense, which raises the question whether two of the three species recognised here actually consist of several unidentified taxa. Morphological similarity between the species, numerous polymorphic features, and the association with cool temperatures lead to a hypothesis in which fragmentation of the ancestral range occurred during post-Pleistocene climate warming, reducing gene flow across lowland populations due to niche conservatism of the ancestral species and/or to invasion of competitive species along the Danube and Drava rivers. The results are discussed regarding how old museum samples are conducive to more detailed molecular-taxonomic and conservation studies.

A new species of the groundwater amphipod Salentinella (Crustacea, Salentinellidae), S. anae, is described from Spain. This species is characterised by spines on the antennula peduncle, the absence of retinaculae on the pleopods, and the morphology of the coxal plate 1. Different morphological characters are evaluated before a phylogenetic study of the family. Salentinella prognatha is assigned as a synonym of S. petiti. The description of the genus Parasalentinella, as well as the diagnosis of the Salentinellidae are completed.

Bollettino del Museo CiviCo di storia naturale di verona volume 35 Botanica Zoologia Museo CiviCo di storia naturale di verona Bollettino del Museo Civico di storia naturale di verona, 35, 2011 Botanica Zoologia: 93-137 Freshwater amphipods from Madagascar with description of a new familiy, three new genera and six new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda) valentina iannilli * ,traudl KraPP**, sandro ruFFo***† (* ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Unità Tecnica AGRI-ECO, Roma; **Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn; ***Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona) abstract Sampling the freshwater-inhabitants of different localities in Madagascar yielded three new genera and six new species of Amphipoda of the superfamily Crangonyctoidea, showing how little known this zone has been until now. A new family is erected. Key words: Freshwater amphipods, Madagascar, taxonomy, davidia n. gen., davidia spinicaudata n. sp., dussartiella aurifex n. sp., libertinia n. gen., libertinia latibasis n. sp., libertinia longitelson n. sp., reinhardia n. gen., reinhardia dimorpha n. sp., sandro spinidactylus n. sp., sandro starmuehlneri (Ruffo, 1960), Austroniphargidae new fam. riassunto dai campioni di invertebrati raccolti nelle acque dolci di diferenti località del Madagascar è stato possibile individuare e descrivere tre nuovi generi e sei nuove specie di anipodi appartenenti alla superfamiglia Crangonyctoidea, dimostrando quanto ancora poco si sa sulla fauna di quest’area. È stata, inoltre, descritta una nuova famiglia. Parole chiave: anipodi di acqua dolce, Madagascar, tassonomia, Davidia n. gen., Davidia spinicaudata n. sp., Dussartiella aurifex n. sp., Libertinia n. gen., Libertinia latibasis n. sp., Libertinia longitelson n. sp., Reinhardia n. gen., Reinhardia dimorpha n. sp., Sandro spinidactylus n. sp., Sandro starmuehlneri (rufo, 1960), austroniphargidae n. fam. introduction Material and methods only three species of freshwater amphipods have been described from the island of Madagascar until now: Austroniphargus bryophilus (Monod, 1925), Sandro starmuehlneri (rufo, 1960) and Dussartiella madegassa rufo, 1979. he taxonomic situation of the irst two genera has changed since their description, and the position within the freshwater families is in discussion until now. during the months July to december 2001 reinhard Gerecke and tom Goldschmidt travelled through Madagascar collecting freshwater animals of many different groups, but mainly mites, their special interest. springs and running water habitats were visited and checked by hand netting. Catches were tipped out into white pans and animals were picked out immediately. later the whole material from this expedition was sorted to various taxonomic levels and sent to specialists (Goldschmidt & Gerecke, 2003). sorting of the collected specimens revealed numbers of amphipods which were sent to the verona Museum. he habitus of the amphipods was studied in 70% alcohol or glycerine under a dissecting microscope and slides were prepared using Faure’s medium. Body parts were drawn with pencil using a Wild microscope with a camera lucida (drawing tube). he inking of the pencil drawings was done partly by hand, partly using a Wacom tablet and the program illustrator. all the examined material from the present study is deposited at the Museo Civico di storia naturale of verona (italy). abbreviations in taxonomical description, sample sites as well as figures a1, 2 = antenna 1, 2; acc. = accessory; art = article; asl = above sea level; Cx = coxal plate; ep = epimeral plate; lag = lagellum; Gn1, 2 = gnathopod 1, 2; ll = lower lip (= labium); Md = mandible; ms/cm = millisiemens per centimeter; Mx1, 2 = maxilla 1, 2; Mxp = maxilliped; P3-7= peraeopod 3-7; ped = peduncle; Pl = pleopod; t = telson; u1-3 = uropod 1-3; ul = upper lip (= labrum); us = urosome 94 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo systematics For a discussion on the position of the three new genera described in this paper among the extant Madagascan freshwater amphipod genera, see the chapter on phylogenetic relationships. Davidia nov. gen. included species: Davidia spinicaudata n. sp. Diagnostic characters antenna 1 accessory lagellum reduced to 1 article; antenna 2 article 1 of peduncle broad, rounded. Mouthparts basic; labium without inner lobes. Gnathopods 1-2 similar in shape, but not size, carpus ventrally not or scarcely lobed. Peraeopods 3-7 with robust setae only, basis of pereopod 7 without postero-distal lobe. Pleopods inner rami reduced to 1 article. epimeral plates with locking apparatus on internal face. urosome segments fused. uropods 1, 2 normal, uropod 3 without endopodite, exopodite of only 1 elongate article, bearing robust setae. telson entire, with distal robust setae only, laterally with penicillate setae. Type species Davidia spinicaudata n. sp. Etymology in gratitude for the noble private inancial support by david r. Cook, Paradise valley, arizona. Davidia spinicaudata n. sp. Figs 1-4 Holotype Female, with oostegites, 5 mm, 3 slides. Madagascar 024, 14.08.2001 ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), andriampanjijy area, spring 1 at left margin of riv. aliithaha, asiaha, 220 m, 21° 42’ s, 47° 37’ e, 22.1°C, 0.130 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. MvrCr 7001-7004. Paratype Male, 3 mm. same locality. Glycerine. Additional material 10 specimens in alcohol, same locality. Type locality Madagascar, spring in andriampanjijy area. Etymology he speciic name stresses the spiny urosome and uropods, “cauda” being tail in latin. used as an adjective. Description Female 5 mm. Head without eyes. Antennae. a1 peduncle not elongate, without robust setae but with few distal setae, ratio of articles 1-3 = 1: 0.6: 0.5; lagellum reaching about 2/3 of body length, with 16 articles, with short distal setae only, accessory lagellum reduced, of 1 article, length about 2/3 of the irst article of main lagellum, with 3 short apical setae; a2 half to 2/3 of a1, article 1 of peduncle broad and rounded, article 2 with long gland cone, ratio of articles 4:5 = 1:1, lagellum with 12 articles, each with few short setae. Mouthparts. Labrum (= upper lip) distally rounded. Mandible incisor 4- toothed, lacinia mobilis 4 (or 3)toothed, followed by 5 rakers, with brush of setae, molar robust, triturative, with a long seta, palp elongate, article 2 with 1 or 2 long setae on disto-interior margin, article 3 with 2-3 long apical e-setae and 5-8 d-setae on inner margin. Labium (= lower lip) large, without inner lobes. Maxillae: Mx 1 outer lobe with 5 multidentate spine-teeth, the more interior one ending in a 7-toothed comb, inner lobe narrower than outer, with many short setulae and 1-2 apical long setae, palp with 5-7 distal robust setae apically; left and right palp diferent, the left one shows 7 elongate apical setae, the right one a slender seta and 6 triangular robust setae. Mx 2 inner elongate lobe similar to outer lobe, with long setae distally and short ones on inner margin, outer lobe with two rows of long distal setae and many short setae on inner margin. Maxilliped palp elongate, with a long and thin claw on dactylus. Peraeon. Gnathopods. Gn 1 coxa subrectangular, with 6 small robust setae on distal margin, basis wide, with 4 short and one long setae on posterior margin and 3-5 long ones on anterior margin, carpus subpiriform, posteriorly rounded, with 4-5 postero-distal and 2 antero-distal setae, propodus suboval, longer than carpus, with posterior margin little pubescent, anterior margin with a small sub-medial seta, palmar margin deined by a group of robust setae + 3 long setae, with diagonal facial row of 3 setae, dactylus elongate with 2 setae on disto-interior margin, preceding the elongate nail, 1 seta on the external margin. Gn 2 very similar to Gn 1, coxa 2 subrectangular with 3 robust setae on distal margin. Peraeopods. P 3-4 generally similar, coxae subrectangular, wider than high, ventral margin with many short FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 1. Davidia spinicaudata n. gen. n. sp.: antennae and mouthparts. 95 96 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 2. Davidia spinicaudata n. gen. n. sp.: maxilliped and gnathopods. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 3. Davidia spinicaudata n. gen. n. sp.: peraeopods. 97 98 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 4. Davidia spinicaudata n. gen. n. sp.: pleopods with retinacola of diferent shapes and reduced inner rami, fused urosome segments, uropods and telson. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY setae, dactylus not elongate. P 5 coxa anteriorly lobed with marginal setae of diferent length, basis suboval, both anterior and posterior margins setose, without postero-distal lobe; merus, carpus and propodus with groups of short robust setae only, without ine ones, dactylus strong, not elongate, nail very short. P 6 similar to P 5 but distinctly longer, anterior lobe of coxa reduced, posterior lobe with 3 long slender setae, P 7 as long as P 6, coxa with 3-4 long slender setae, basis posterior margin convex with 7 strong setae, anterior margin with 4 groups of setae. Pleon. Epimeral plates with internal locking apparatus and some robust setae on inferior margin (which can be lacking). ep 2 postero-distal corner almost rectangular, ep 3 postero-distal corner subrectangular. Pleopods with 2 retinacula, with inner ramus reduced to 1 article, outer ramus normally developed, with 7-10 articles. Urosome segments fused, with 1-2 dorsal robust setae marking the irst urosomite and 2 dorsal robust setae marking the limit of urosomite 2. Uropods. u 1-2 normal, outer ramus shorter than inner one, rami armed with 4-6 distal and many strong marginal robust setae. u 3 without inner ramus, outer ramus uniarticulate bearing several sets (3 inner and 1 outer) of very strong robust setae, distally with 4-6 robust setae, ratio peduncle to outer ramus = 0.82: 1. Telson entire, subtrapezoidal, longer than broad (ratio 1: 0.75), distal margin convex, with 4+4 distolateral strong robust setae and mid-lateral penicillate ones. Gills pedunculate, on segments 2-7, oostegites on segments 2-5, broad, with short marginal setae. sternal gills absent. Sexual dimorphism Male, 3 mm in length, very similar to female, without dimorphic characters. no calceoli found. 99 inner lobes. Mandible palp uniarticulate with one distal spine-like plumose seta. Maxilla 1 asymmetrical, the right one ordinary, the left one with palp reduced to one short article. Maxilla 2 inner lobe lacking diagonal setal row. Gnathopods subequal in size and shape. Pereopods basis not widened. Pleopods inner ramus reduced to a single article. urosome segments not fused. uropod 3 inner ramus small, scale-like, outer ramus biarticulate, the second one short. telson entire, distally emarginate, longer than broad. Gills pedunculate, on segments 2-7. sternal gills not observed. Type species Dussartiella madegassa rufo, 1979 Dussartiella aurifex n. sp. (Figs 5-7) Holotype Male 3 mm, 3 slides. Madagascar 113a, 09.10.2001 ankaratra (antananarivo), reserve Manjakatompo, lower riparian spring near road to lac Froid, 1700 m, 19° 19’ s, 47° 25’ e, 16.4°C. 0.001 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. MvrCr. 7005-7007. Type locality ankaratra (antananarivo), Madagascar. Etymology dedicated to tom Goldschmidt, the second collector of this expedition; “aurifex” is the latin translation of his surname, used as a noun in apposition. included species: Dussartiella madegassa ruffo, 1979, Dussartiella aurifex n. sp. Description ? Male 3 mm. Head without eyes. Antennae. a 1 peduncle not elongate, ratio of articles 1-3 = 1: 0.55: 0.48, article 1 of peduncle with 1 submedial robust seta and a distal seta, articles 2-3 with few short setae; lagellum with 13 articles, each with short distal setae, articles 3-12 with a single aesthetasc, accessory lagellum biarticulate, the irst one as long as the irst article of main lagellum and the second one about 1/3 of the second article of the main lagellum. a 2 half as long as a 1; article 1 of peduncle broad and rounded, ratio of articles 4:5 = 1: 0.83, lagellum with 6 articles, each with short distal setae. Diagnostic characters eyes absent, body elongate, coxae short, coxa 4 not excavate. antenna 1 accessory lagellum biarticulate, the second one rudimentary. Mouthparts: labium without Mouthparts. Labrum (= upper lip) normal, distally rounded. Mandible incisor 6-toothed, lacinia mobilis toothed, followed by 4-5 rakers, with distal brush of setae, molar robust, triturative, with a short seta, palp re- Ecology until now known only from 220 m above sea level. Dussartiella rufo 1979 Dussartiella n. gen. rufo 1979: 428 100 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 5. Dussartiella aurifex n. sp.: antennae, mouthparts. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 6. Dussartiella aurifex n. sp.: gnathopods, peraeopods. 101 102 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 7. Dussartiella aurifex n. sp.: epimeral plates, pleopods with reduced inner ramus, separated urosome segments, uropods, telson. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY duced, uniarticulate, ending with a long spine-like seta (which could be a second article). Labium large without distinct inner lobes. Maxillae. Mx 1 asymmetrical: the right one with outer lobe bearing 6 multidentate spineteeth and 1 slender seta, the more interior spine-tooth ending in a 8-toothed comb, inner lobe narrower than outer, with 2 long apical setae, palp with 6 distal triangular setae; other maxilla similar except for the strong reduction of the palp, distally with only 1 seta. Mx 2 lobes of equal length, inner lobe with a single row of long distal setae, outer lobe with two rows of long distal setae. Both Mx 1 and 2 pubescent, bearing long setulae. Maxilliped palp elongate. Peraeon. Gnathopods. Gn 1 coxa subquadrate, with 2 small robust setae on distal margin, basis wide, with 1 long seta on anterior margin, propodus suboval, longer than carpus, with posterior margin weakly pubescent, anterior margin with 1 sub-medial and 4 distal setae, palmar margin with 4-5 robust setae, palmar corner deined by 2 strong and biid robust setae, posterior margin with group of 4+2 strong setae, additional 2 rows of 5 and 2 setae; dactylus elongate with 1 spiniform process and 3 short and strong setae on interior margin, preceding the elongate nail, 1 seta on the posterior margin. Gn 2: coxa 2 rounded with 2 small robust setae on distal margin, basis wide with 3 setae; propodus suboval, very similar to Gn 1, much longer than carpus, with posterior margin pubescent, anterior margin with 2-3 sub-medial and 5 distal setae, palmar margin with 6 short setae, palmar corner deined by 2 strong and biid robust setae and 2+1 long setae, additionally 3 rows of 5 and 3 setae; dactylus elongate with 3 short and strong setae on disto-interior margin, preceding the elongate nail, 1 seta on the posterior margin. Peraeopods. P 3-4 sub-similar, with robust setae only, coxae subrectangular and wide, posterior margin with 2 short robust setae, dactylus not elongate, ratio propodus : dactylus = 1: 0.3. P 5 coxa lobed anteriorly with 3-4 marginal robust setae, basis suboval, both anterior and posterior margins with short robust setae. P 6 similar to P 5 but distinctly longer, anterior lobe of coxa reduced, posterior lobe with 4 long and thin robust setae, basis posterior margin convex with 7 robust setae, anterior margin with 4 robust setae. P 7 similar to P6, coxa with 3 marginal setae, basis as long as in P 6, posterior margin convex with 8 robust setae, anterior margin with 5 longer setae. Pleon. Pleonites with robust setae on posterior and dorso-lateral margins. Epimeral plates with robust setae on posterior margins, ep 2-3 postero-distal corner almost 103 rounded. Pleopods with 2 retinacula, inner ramus reduced to 1 article, outer ramus short, with 6-8 articles. Urosome segments free, with 3-4 dorsolateral robust setae on each side. Uropods. u 1 with outer ramus scarcely shorter than inner one, peduncle armed with 3 robust setae on each margin, 1 laterally, 3 on the dorso-mesial margin and 5 on the dorso-lateral margin, rami armed with 2 lateral robust setae and 3 distal ones. u 2 shorter than u 1, armed with 2 strong robust setae on peduncle, rami with 1-2 lateral and 3-5 distal robust setae. u 3 peduncle with 2 little submedial seta and 2+2 distal robust setae, shorter than outer ramus. outer ramus biarticulate, irst article with several groups (3 inner and 4 outer) of robust setae, second article shorter (ratio 0.18 :1) with 3 short subapical setae, inner ramus much shorter than outer one (ratio 0.12 :1), with 1 apical robust seta. Telson entire, subrectangular, longer than broad (ratio 1: 0.7), produced distal margin weakly emarginate, a pair of strong robust setae distolaterally. Gills pedunculate, on segments 2-7. Oostegites not observed. sternal gills absent. Sexual dimorphism unknown. Remarks difers from the only other species Dussartiella madegassa rufo, 1979 (the only other species of the genus, which is not included in Barnard & Barnard, 1983) in the shorter and broader propodus of both gnathopods and the much broader and shorter basis articles of P5-7 (in Dussartiella madegassa ratio length to width is about 4, in the new species between 2 and 3). Ecology until now known from 1700 m above sea level. Libertinia n. gen. Included species Libertinia latibasis n. sp., Libertinia longitelson n. sp. Diagnostic characters antenna 1 accessory lagellum biarticulate, article 1 distinctly longer than the second; antenna 2 article 1 of peduncle broad and rounded. Mouthparts: mandibular palp article 3 with 3 long distal e-setae only. Gnathopods 1-2 similar, carpus lobed posteriorly, densely beset 104 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo with scales; propodus palm with short setae, posterior margin with scales. Pereopods 3-7 with robust setae only; basis of pereopod 7 with postero-distal lobe. epimeral plates: locking apparatus on internal face in one species present, in the other not clearly seen. urosome segments fused. uropods 1-2 not modiied in males. telson entire, distally emarginate. sternal gills absent. Type species Libertinia latibasis n. sp. Etymology in honour of angelo libertini (venezia), who plays a diferent instrument in amphipod research by application of karyological characters. Libertinia latibasis n. sp. (Figs 8-10) Holotype ? Male 2 mm, Madagascar 091: 23.09.2001 ambohimahavelona (tulear), rheocrenes W of school complex, 50 m, 23° 26’s, 43° 53’e, 25.6°C, 1.240 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. MvrCr 7008-7010. Paratypes 1 specimen sex (?) in alcohol, MvrCr, same locality. Additional material in alcohol: - 1 spec. 2 mm, Madagascar 034: 19.08.2001, ranomena (Fianarantsoa), river nW from the railwaytunnel, 950 m asl., 16.3° C, 41.3 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 1 spec. 2 mm, Madagascar 068: 08.09.2001 andohahela (tulear), Fenoevo, first spring n, 700 m; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 1 spec. 2.5 mm Madagascar 069: 09.09.2001 andohahela (tulear), isaka, W stream at the s national park border, 200 m asl., 19.2 °C, 0.091 ms/cm; interstitial; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. Type locality ambohimahavelona (tulear), Madagascar. Etymology referring to the wide (latin latus) basis of the peraeopods. Description Male? 2 mm Head without eyes. Antennae. a1 peduncle not elongate, with distal setae on article 1 and small robust setae on 2nd and 3rd article, ratio of articles 1: 0.75: 0.7; lagellum with 10 articles, with short distal setae, articles 3-9 each with 1 distal aesthetasc, accessory lagellum biarticulate, longer than irst article of primary lagellum. a 2 2/3 length of a 1; article 1 of peduncle broad and rounded, article 2 with short gland cone, ratio of articles 3-5= 1: 0.93 : 0.42, lagellum with 5 articles, with few short setae. Mouthparts. Labrum (= upper lip) suboval, distally rounded. Mandible incisor 6-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, followed by 4 setulose rakers, with brush of setae, molar robust, triturative, with one long seta, palp elongate, ratio of articles =0.52: 1: 0.66, article 2 with 1 short submedial seta and 1 long seta on distal margin, article 3 with 3 long apical e- setae only. Labium large without distinct inner lobes. Maxillae. Mx1 outer lobe with 5-7 multidentate spine-teeth, inner lobe narrower than outer, with 2 apical long setae, palp asymmetrical, with 3-6 distal strong robust setae. Mx 2 inner lobe similar to outer one, with many long distal elongate setae and pubescent margins. Maxilliped palp elongate, distally densely pubescent. Peraeon. Gnathopods. Gn 1 coxa subquadrate with 1 small robust seta on anterodistal margin and 1 on ventral margin, basis widened, with 2 long setae on posterior margin, carpus subtriangular, with long setae distally, produced into narrowly rounded ventral pubescent lobe, propodus subtriangular, longer than twice the carpus, anterior margin with 2 distal setae, posterior margin with blunt corner, with pubescence on palmar margin, deined by 4 setae, with 5-6 isolated setae on the inner side, 3 strong robust setae near the corner, anterior margin with 2 distal setae, dactylus with 1 seta on anterior margin and 3 distal ones, nail longer than remaining dactylus. Gn 2 coxa subrectangular, with 1 small robust seta on antero-distal margin and 1 on ventral margin, basis elongate with 1 medial and 1 distal seta, carpus elongate, produced into large rounded posterior pubescent lobe, tongue-like (ratio length : breadth=0.5: 1) with long marginal setae, propodus stout and subtriangular, with a posterior pubescent prominence, palmar margin deined by a small robust seta and 3 strong robust setae, 2 submedial setae on the inner side and 2 distal setae, dactylus with 1 submedial seta on outer margin and nail as long as remaining dactylus. Peraeopods. P 3-4 generally similar, armed with short robust setae, coxa 3-4 subquadrate, ventral margin with 1-3 thin setae, dactylus not elongate with 1 submedial anterior robust seta, nail short. P 5-7 with robust setae only. P 5 coxa large, ante- FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 8. Libertinia latibasis n. gen. n. sp.: antennae, mouthparts, gnathopods. 105 106 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 9. Libertinia latibasis n. gen. n. sp.: peraeopods. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 10. Libertinia latibasis n. gen. n. sp.: pleopods, fused urosome segments, uropods, telson. 107 108 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo riorly lobed with 2 marginal robust setae, basis wide, suboval, both anterior and posterior margin with short robust setae, ischium, carpus and propodus armed with robust setae only. P 6 similar to P 5 but somewhat longer, anterior lobe of coxa reduced, posterior lobe with 1 thin seta. P 7 similar to P 5-6, coxa with 1 thin seta, basis scarcely longer than in P 5-6 and narrower. Pleon. Pleopods generally similar and reduced, with equal rami, peduncle broad, as long as rami and bearing 2 retinacula each, rami with 6-7 articles each. locking apparatus on inner side of epimeral plates not clearly seen. Urosome segments fused, with 1-2 dorsolateral robust setae on each side of urosomite 1 and 2. Uropods. u 1 with outer ramus shorter than inner one, peduncle armed with 2 rows of 4-5 marginal robust setae, rami armed with 3-4 strong distal robust setae, inner ramus with 3 lateral robust setae. u 2 shorter than u 1, peduncle armed with strong robust setae, rami with distal strong robust setae and only inner ramus with 2 lateral robust setae. u 3 peduncle with 4 distal robust setae, ratio peduncle to outer ramus = 0.56: 1. First article of outer ramus with several sets of robust setae + 4 distal robust setae, second article with 1-2 submedial setae only. small inner ramus (ratio outer to inner ramus=1: 0.22), with 1 distal robust seta. Telson entire, subrectangular, longer than broad (ratio 1: 0.82), apical margin slightly emarginate and armed with 1+1 distolateral strong robust setae and 2+2 distolateral slender setae. Gills pedunculate, on segments 2-6, oostegites not observed. Sexual dimorphism. unknown. Ecology interstitial, from 50-950 m above sea level. Libertinia longitelson n. sp. (Figs 11-12) Holotype Female ovigerous, 2 mm. Madagascar 074c, 11.09.2001 andohahela (tulear), isaka, stream 360 m, 18.8°C, 0.088 ms/cm; interstitial, 25° 00’s, 46° 59’e, 23.2°C, 0.154 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. MvrCr 7011-7013. Paratype 1 specimen ? sex 3 mm (3 slides MvrCr 7014- 7016). 1 specimen, ? sex, 2 mm, in glycerine (MvrCr 7017), same locality. Additional material in alcohol: - 20 spec. 2-2.5 mm, locality like that of types. - 1 spec. 2.5 mm Madagascar 048c, 25.08.2001 Betroka (tulear), right al. of riv. Mangoky about 1 km ne village, 830 m, 22.3° C, 0.139 ms/cm; riparian spring, Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 3 spec. Madagascar 063, 07.09.2001 andohahela (tulear), isaka, stream exp. W 1 km n from the village, 250 m, 19.7°C, 0.136 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 1 spec. 2.5 mm Madagascar 079, 13.09.2001 dauphin (tulear), Mandena, QMM area, swamp with Sphagnum at left border of river amendano (1 km downstream roadbridge), 10 m asl; 21.4° C, 0.290 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 1 spec. 2.5 mm Madagascar 082, 14.09.2001 dauphin (tulear), Mandena, QMM area, swamp with Sphagnum near road from pepinerie to coastal lake, 5 m asl; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. Type locality andohahela (tulear), Madagascar. Etymology referring to the relatively long (latin longus) telson. Description Female 2 mm. Head without eyes. Antennae. a 1 peduncle not elongate, with submedial ventral robust seta on article 1 and small robust setae on 2nd and 3rd article, ratio of articles 1-3= 1: 0.75: 0.7; lagellum with 12 articles, with short distal setae, articles 5-11 each with 1 distal aesthetasc, accessory lagellum reaching the distal margin of the 1st article of the main lagellum, biarticulate. a 2 as long as half of a 1; article 1 of peduncle broad and rounded, lagellum with 6 articles, with few short distal setae. Mouthparts Labrum (= upper lip) rounded distally. Mandible incisor 4-5-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, followed by 3-4 setulose rakers, molar robust, triturative, with a long seta; palp elongate, right and left side symmetrical, ratio of articles 1-3= 0.53: 0.85: 1, article 1-2 without setae, article 3 with 3 apical long e- setae only. Labium large without distinct inner lobes. Maxillae. Mx1 outer lobe with 6-7 multidentate spine-teeth, inner lobe narrower than outer, with 2 apical long setae, palp asym- FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 11. Libertinia longitelson n. gen. n. sp.: antennae, mouthparts, gnathopods. 109 110 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 12. Libertinia longitelson n. gen. n. sp.: peraeopods, epimeral plates, fused urosome segments, uropods, telson. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY metrical with 4-6 distal robust setae. Mx 2 inner lobe similar to outer one, on outer lobe 2 distal rows of setae, inner lobe with pubescent margin. Peraeon. Gnathopods Gn 1 coxa subrectangular, with 1 small robust seta on anterodistal margin, basis widened, with 1 long seta on posterior margin and 1 on anterior margin, carpus subpiriform with 2 strong distal and 1 submedial seta posteriorly and 1-2 on anterior margin, produced into a ventral (scarcely pubescent) small lobe with 2 apical strong setae; propodus stout and subtrapezoidal, longer than carpus, with 2 distal setae, posterior margin with a short pubescent protuberance deining the palmar margin with 3 strong robust setae, 3 small short setae along palmar margin, 1 on the inner facial side and 1 long seta on the outer side, anterior margin with 1 submedial seta; dactylus with 1 seta on anterior margin, nail longer than dactylus and reaching the protuberance of the propodus. Gn 2 coxa subrectangular, with 3 small robust setae on inferior margin, basis elongate with 1 medial and 1 distal seta on posterior margin, merus pubescent on posterior side, carpus broader than long, with 2 setae on dorso-distal margin and 5-7 on distal margin, produced into large rounded ventral pubescent lobe (ratio length: breadth= 0.82 :1), propodus subtrapezoidal, with a prominent posterior pubescent protuberance deining the palmar margin; palmar margin with 3 robust setae (2 on inner and 1 on outer face) which are apically biid, and 2 slender setae, 4 short simple setae along palmar margin, 1 submedial seta on the inner side and 3-4 distal setae, anterior margin with 1 submedial seta; dactylus with 1 submedial seta anteriorly and long nail. Peraeopods P 3-4 generally similar, armed with robust setae only, coxae 3-4 subrectangular, inferior margin with 2-3 thin robust setae, dactylus not elongate with 1-2 submedial robust setae on inner margin. P 5-7 with robust setae only, basis subrectangular, with posterodistal pronounced corner. P 5 coxa large and anteriorly lobed, with 1 marginal robust seta, dactylus with a small distal seta and a very short nail. P 6 similar to P 5 but longer, coxa reduced with 3 marginal robust setae, dactylus with a very short nail. P 7 similar to P 5, 6 but slightly shorter than P 6, coxa with 2 thin postero-marginal robust setae, dactylus with a very short nail. Pleon Epimeral plates with robust setae on inferior margin, 111 ep 2-3 with postero-distal corner rounded. Pleopods relatively short with 2 rami normally developed, with 5-6 articles and 2 retinacula each. locking apparatus on inner side of epimeral plates not clear. Urosome segments fused, with 1-2 dorsolateral robust setae on each side of the urosomite 1 and 2. Uropods. u 1 with equal rami, peduncle longer than rami, armed with 1 row of 3 marginal robust setae and 1 distal robust seta, rami armed with 2-3 lateral robust setae and 2-3 strong distal robust setae. u 2 shorter than u 1, peduncle armed with 2 lateral and 1 distal strong robust setae, outer ramus shorter than inner one, rami with 2 lateral robust setae and 1-2 distal ones. u 3 peduncle with 4 distal robust setae, ratio of peduncle to outer ramus = 0.5: 1, with very small inner ramus (ratio outer to inner = 1: 0.1), with 1 distal seta, irst article of outer ramus with sets of 1-2 robust setae, 2x 2 distal robust setae and 1 seta, second article with 2 ine setae. Telson entire, elongate, subrectangular, longer than broad (ratio 1: 0.5), apical margin v-shaped incised (17%-32% of telson lenght) and only armed with 2+2 distolateral strong setae. Gills pedunculate, on segments 2-6. Oostegites of the same size of gills, on segments 2-5, carrying one oval egg. Sexual dimorphism unknown. Remarks he diference of L. latibasis and L. longitelson is mainly (as the speciic names already indicate) in the shape of the basis of P5-7 and the shape of the telson (in the latter species longer and distally v-shaped incised). in L. latibasis the Mxp shows a scaly area at the basis of the dactylus not seen in L. longitelson. Ecology 5-830 m above sea level. Reinhardia n. gen. included species: Reinhardia dimorpha n. sp. Diagnostic characters antenna 1 lagellum with aesthetascs. antenna 1 with accessory lagellum reduced, monoarticulate; antenna 2 article 1 of peduncle broad, rounded. Mouthparts: labium without inner lobes, palp of maxilla 1 asymmetrical, normal or reduced to 1 article. Gnathopods 1-2 similar, carpus ventrally scarcely lobed, 112 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo pubescent, propodus with a diagonal row of elongate spines. Pereopods 3-7 with robust setae only, basis of pereopod 7 without postero-distal lobe. Pleopods with 2 rami equal in length. epimeral plates with locking apparatus on internal face. urosome segments not fused. uropods 1-2 modiied in male; uropod 3 with inner ramus reduced, outer ramus elongate with 2 articles. telson entire, distally convex without any depression or emargination medially, subrectangular. sternal gills absent. Etymology in honour of reinhard Gerecke, unusually skilful collector of amphipods from remote habitats and dear friend. Type species Reinhardia dimorpha n. sp. Reinhardia dimorpha n. sp. (Figs 13-16) Holotype Male, 5 mm. Madagascar 156, 18.11. 2001, Jofreville (M. d’ambre, antsiranana), rheocrene at right al. r.de Manques in reserve Fontenay, 610 m, 12° 42’ s, 49° 37’ e, 21.2° C, 0.025 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. MvrCr 7018-7019. Paratype Female, 4.5 mm (MvrCr 7021-7023), same locality. Additional material - about 20 specimens in alcohol, same locality. 2 males in glycerine (MvrCr 7020). - ? 1 juv. 2.5 mm in bad condition. Madagascar 165, 21.11.2001 Jofreville (M.d’ambre, antsiranana), r.antomboka downstr. large cascade, interstitium, 850 m, 20.0°C, 0.020 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. Type locality Jofreville, Madagascar. Etymology adjective dimorphus, -a, -um; latinised from Greek (“morphé” = shape and “di” or “dyo” = two), stressing the sexual dimorphism of this species. Description Male, length 5 mm. Head without eyes. Antennae. a 1, peduncle without robust setae, with few distal setae on articles 2-3, ratio of articles 1: 0.7: 0.7; lagellum reaching about 1/3 of body length, with 17 articles, with short distal setae, articles 5-16 each with 1 distal short aesthetasc, accessory lagellum very reduced, uniarticulate, shorter than article 1 of main lagellum. a 2 as long as 2/3 of a 1: article 1 of peduncle broad and rounded, article 2 with long gland cone, ratio of articles 3-5= : 0.3: 1 :1, lagellum with 8 articles, with few short setae. Mouthparts. Labrum (= upper lip) normal, distally rounded. left mandible incisor 6-toothed, lacinia mobilis 5-toothed, followed by 2 rakers, with brush of setae, molar robust, triturative, with a long seta, palp elongate, ratio of articles = 0.6: 1: 0.85, article 2 with 4 long setae on disto-interior margin, article 3 with 3 long apical e-setae and 10-11 elongate d-setae on inner margin. Labium (= lower lip) large without distinct inner lobes. Maxillae. Mx 1 asymmetrical, right one outer lobe with 6-8 multidentate robust setae, inner lobe narrower than outer, with 2 apical long setae, palp with 3-4 distal strong robust setae; in the other one we can observe the reduction of the palp, represented only by a small stump. Mx 2 inner lobe similar to outer lobe, with long distal setae and pubescent margins. Maxilliped palp elongate. Peraeon Gnathopods. Gn 1 coxa subrectangular, with 3-4 small robust setae on anterior and 1 longer on inferior margin; basis wide with 3 long and thin robust setae on posterior margin; carpus triangular with strong setae on ventral margin, pubescent, shortly lobed; propodus stout, suboval, longer than carpus, ventral margin pubescent, palmar margin without deining setae, submedial diagonal row of strong setae on the inner side and a row of strong setae apically biid on the outer side, anterior margin with 1 medial seta and 3 distal setae; dactylus with 1 seta on anterior margin, nail elongate. Gn 2 coxa suboval, with 4 small robust setae on anterior and 1 longer on inferior margin; basis elongate, only with distal setae; carpus elongate, with strong setae on posteriorly pubescent margin, shortly lobed and 1 strong robust seta on disto-anterior margin; propodus stout and subtrapezoidal, with 6 distal setae, palmar margin with 5 strong setae, corner deined by 1 slender seta and 1 strong robust seta apically biid, submedial diagonal row of strong facial setae on the inner side and a row of strong setae apically biid on the outer side, dactylus with 1 submedial anterior seta and long nail. Peraeopods. P 3-4 generally similar, armed only with robust setae, coxa 3 subrectangular, coxa 4 sub- FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 13. Reinhardia dimorpha n. gen. n. sp.: antennae, mouthparts. 113 114 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 14. Reinhardia dimorpha n. gen. n. sp.: maxilliped, gnathopods, epimeral plates. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 15. Reinhardia dimorpha n. gen. n. sp.: peraeopods, epimeral plates, pleopods. 115 116 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 16. Reinhardia dimorpha n. gen. n. sp.: urosome segments, uropods, telson. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY quadrate, posteriorly feebly excavate, anterior margin with 3 short robust setae, inferior margin with 1 thin robust seta, dactylus not elongate, with 1 submedial anterior robust seta. P 5-7 with robust setae, basis without postero-distal lobe, dactylus strong with short nail. P 5 coxa anteriorly lobed with 1 marginal robust seta, basis subrectangular, both anterior and posterior margins with short robust setae, many strong setae on distal margin of carpus and propodus. P 6 similar to P 5 but distinctly longer, anterior lobe of coxa reduced, posterior lobe with 1 thin robust seta. P 7 similar to P 5, coxa with 1 thin robust seta, basis scarcely longer than in P 5-6. Pleon Epimeral plates rounded without robust setae on ventral margin, with 3 small setae on posterior margin of ep 3 only. Pleopods with equal rami normally developed, with 6 articles and 2 retinacula. Urosome segments not fused, with 1 dorsal and 1 lateral robust seta on each side of the urosomite 1 and 2. Uropods. u 1 peduncle on the ventral side with a protuberance armed with strong robust setae and 2 protuberant modiied robust setae, curved and apically biid, hook-like. u 2 peduncle normal with 2 lateral robust setae, but rami very short (half length of peduncle), with 1 lateral and 2 distal robust seta. u 3 ratio peduncle to outer ramus = 0.45 :1, peduncle with 1 little submedial seta and 6 distal robust setae. inner ramus small (ratio outer to inner ramus = 1: 0.16), irst article of outer ramus with several sets (2 inner and 2 outer) of very strong robust setae + 6 distal setae, second article with 3 very small distal setae only. Telson entire, subrectangular, longer than broad (ratio 1: 0.88), distal margin convex, with 1+1 distolateral strong robust setae. Gills pedunculate, on segments 2-6. Sexual dimorphism Female similar to male but uropod 1 and 2 normal with outer ramus scarcely shorter than inner one. oostegites not observed. Ecology 610-850 m above sea level. Sandro Karaman & Barnard, 1979 Sandro n. gen. Karaman G.s. & Barnard, J.l. 1979: 141 117 Included specie Sandro starmuehlneri (rufo, 1960), Sandro spinidactylus n. sp. Diagnostic characters urosomites fused. eyes absent. antenna 1 accessory lagellum monoarticulate. antenna 2 ordinary, but irst article grossly swollen. Mouthparts basic, rich setae on mandibular palp mostly near apex (e-setae, + some d-setae). labium with inner lobes well marked. Maxillae with medial setation, Mx 1 asymmetrical, iP triangular. Both plates of Maxilliped medium. Coxae elongate, Cx 4 posteriorly excavate. Gnathopods medium, subsimilar in size and shape, carpus strongly lobed, propodus trapezium-shaped, apically widening, palmar corner weakly oblique to rectangular. Peraeopods 5-7 similar, of medium length, basis expanded. uropods 1, 2 rami subequal or slightly diferent; u 3 peduncle with long apicolateral lobe, outer ramus elongate, article 2 short, inner ramus subquadrate. telson longer than wide, nearly totally cleft. sternal gills absent. Type species Austroniphargus starmuehlneri rufo, 1960 Sandro spinidactylus n. sp. (Figs 17-19) Holotype Female 7 mm. Madagascar 029, 15.08.2001 ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), riv. avatamboka ca. 1 km nW from the village, 210 m, 21° 42’ s, 47° 37’ e, 21.2° C, 0.077 ms/ cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. MsvCr 7031-7037. Paratype Male 6 mm (MsvCr 7024-7030). same locality. Additional material in alcohol - 1 male 6 mm: type locality. - 2 juv. 4-5 mm. Madagascar 022, 12. 08. 2001, ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), spring stream in area Marosaro (s from river ionilahy), 300 m asl., 21.0 ° C, 0.061 ms/ cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 9 males 5.5-6 mm, 9 females 5-6 mm: Madagascar 024, 14. 08. 2001 ionilahy (Fianarantsoa, area andriampanjjy, spring 1 at left margin of riv. asiaha, 220 m, 22,1 ° C, 0.130 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 9 ad. 5-7 mm, 15 juv. 2-4 mm: Madagascar 030, 16. 08. 2001, ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), vodraindry, source in primary forest exp. W, 400 m asl., 19.8 ° C, 0.081 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 1 fem. 7 mm, 17 ad. 5-6 mm, 13 juv. 3-4 mm: 118 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Madagascar 025, 14. 08. 2001, ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), area andriampanijy, spring 2 at left margin of riv. asiaha, 220 m, 22,1 ° C, 0.101 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. Type locality ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), riv. avatamboka, Madagascar. Etymology he speciic name is in reference to the spinose inner margin of the dactylus of the peraeopods 5-7. Description Female ovigerous (with 15 eggs), 7 mm length. Head without eyes. lateral lobes scarcely prominent, rounded. Antennae. a 1 shorter than 1/2 body, ratio peduncle articles 1-3 = 1: 0.9: 0.6, articles with groups of short setae, without robust setae, lagellum of 16 articles, each of them with distal tufts of 2-3 setae shorter than article length; accessory lagellum uniarticulate, short. a 2 shorter than a 1, peduncle article 1 wide, round, article 2 with gland cone reaching the end of article 3, lagellum of 6 elongate articles, each of them with distal tufts of 2-6 setae. Mouthparts. Labium (= upper lip) distally rounded. Mandible asymmetrical, left incisor 5- toothed, right 3- toothed, lacinia mobilis 3- toothed (right bifurcate), followed by 5 plumose rakers, molar robust, triturative with a long plumose seta; palp right and left symmetrical, with shorter d- and many long e- setae. Labium with distinct inner lobe. Maxillae. Mx 1 asymmetrical, outer lobe of right one with 6 strong spine- teeth, the 3 exterior unidentate, and 3 interior multidentate ones; inner lobe narrower than outer, setose on inner margin with 2 apical elongate setae. Palp of left Mx 1 article 2 with 3 distal strong conical robust setae, palp of right Mx 1 with 4 shorter robust setae and 1 long interior seta. Mx 2 outer lobe wider than inner, lobes with elongate setae in two rows, inner lobe with setation on inner margin. Maxilliped. outer plate with 7 strong spine-teeth, apically with slender setae; inner plate apically beset with 10-12 slender setae. Gnathopods. Gn1 coxa subrectangular, ratio length to width = 1: 0.54, with 4 robust setae on posterior margin and 6 setae on distal margin; basis elongate, posterior margin with a row of 5 long setae, anterior margin with 6 subdistal short setae; carpus with ventral wide scaly lobe; propodus subtrapezoidal with a disto-ventral scaly area, palmar margin deined by a group of 4 setae (2 on inner face, 2 on outer one), palmar corner nearly rectangular; dactylus as long as palmar margin, with a long nail. Gn 2: coxa subrectangular; basis elongate with 3 posterior long setae and 5 anterior short setae; carpus ventrally with wide scaly lobe; propodus piriform with a distoventral scaly area, palmar margin deined with few short setae. Coxa 3 subectangular, similar to coxa 1, coxa 4 subquadrate with a posterior deep excavation. Coxa 5 with anterior short lobe, coxa 6 with posterior lobe reduced, coxa 7 without posterior lobe. Peraeopods. P 3-4 dactylus with nail as long as half basal part, with 2 internal robust setae and one external one. P 5-7 basis with a rounded postero-distal lobe; dactyli with nail short, about 1/3 length of basal part of dactylus, with 4 robust setae on inner margin (in younger specimens sometimes only 2-3). P 7 basis suboval, anterior margin with 6 strong biid robust setae, posterior margin weakly serrate, with 15 short robust setae, carpus elongate with marginal robust setae only, propodus as long as carpus, with 4-5 setae on posterior margin and with 5 groups of short robust setae anteriorly. Pleon. Epimeral plates with locking apparatus on inner face, postero-distal corner subrectangular and feebly pointed, ventral margin with 3 robust setae on ep 1-2 and with 2 robust setae on ep 3. Pleopods 1-3 rami elongate, subequal in length, with 2 distal retinacula with 3 hooks. Urosomites fused, every segment marked by a dorsal couple of 2 robust setae. Uropods. u 1-2 ordinary, outer ramus shorter than inner one, normally spinose. u 3 peduncle half length of outer ramus, outer ramus of 2 articles, article 1 with 3-4 groups of setae on inner margin, and 4 groups of robust setae on outer margin, article 2 reduced, with 3 distal short setae. inner ramus reduced to leaf-shaped ramus, ratio inner to outer ramus = 1 : 4. Telson laminar, elongate, deeply cleft, divided into 2 lobes with 3 short distal setae and 4 subdistal strong robust setae on every lobe. Sexual dimorphism Male 6 mm length. distinguished from female by larger gnathopods 1-2, with ventral lobes of carpus linguiform, disto-ventrally scaly area on propodus less wide, limited to palmar corner, which is wider than rectangular. he diference of the length of rami u 1, 2 is more pronounced than in females. u 3 peduncle with elongate and pointed process on outer margin, lengthwise excavate, provided with short robust setae, like a mandible with teeth. Remarks differences from Sandro starmuehlneri (ruffo, 1960) are: S. st. is 3 mm long and pale, S. sp. 6-7 mm and brown pigmented; gnathopods subsimilar (S. st.) versus diferent (S. sp.), paraeopod dactylus with one robust seta (S. st.) versus with 4 robust setae on inner margin (S. sp.), P 7 basis in male with minute disto- FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 17. Sandro spinidactylus n. sp.: head with antennae, mouthparts. 119 120 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 18. Sandro spinidactylus n. sp.: gnathopods, peraeopods. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 19. Sandro spinidactylus n. sp.: epimeral plates with locking apparatus, pleopods, uropods, telson. 121 122 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo posterior lobe, inferior half of posterior margin straight and ending by blunt angle, continued by a rounded margin in S. st. (versus disto-posterior lobe more pronounced, posterior margin regularly rounded in S. sp.), u 1, 2 subsimilar in length (S. st.) versus slightly diferent (more visible in males) (S. sp.), shape of peduncular prolongation on u 3 male acute and beset with robust setae in S. sp., smooth and rounded in S. st. Ecology 210-400 m above sea level. Key to the 9 freshwater species found in Madagascar 1a. telson deeply cleft or until distal third of length emarginate ................................................................3 -1b. telson not as above ............................................2 2a. telson entire, distally convex. ..............................6 -2b. telson with shallow excavation (about 1/10 of length).......................................................................7 3a. Gn 2 palmar corner rectangular. ..........................4 -3b. Gn 2 palmar corner wider or rounded. ..............5 Sandro starmuehlneri (rufo, 1960) Austroniphargus starmuehlneri rufo, 1960: 63-69 igs 1, 2 Material examined in alcohol - 2 spec. 3 mm: Madagascar 027, 15.08.2001 ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), small stream crossing the railroad e from the village, 200 m, 19.9°C, 0.083 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 5 spec. 3 mm: Madagascar 031, 18. 08. 2001, Madiorano (Fianarantsoa), stream crossing the railroad at km 51.2 (W tunnel 18), 650 m asl.,15.9°C, 0.027 ms/ cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 2 spec. 3 mm: Madagascar 035, 21. 08. 2001, ranomena (Fianarantsoa), stream nW from the 1.07 km railway-tunnel, 950 m asl., 14.8 °C, 0.029 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 2 spec. 3 mm: Madagascar 038, 20. 08. 2001, andrambovato (Fianarantsoa), stream 3 km e from the village upstream from the cascade, 900 m asl.,17.3 °C, 0.050 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 16 males, females 2.5-3 mm: Madagascar 039, 20. 08. 2001, andrambovato (Fianarantsoa), spring at left margin of the stream 3 km from the village (upstream from the cascade), 900 m asl.,17.3 °C, 0.050 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. - 23 males, females 3 mm, juv. 2 mm: Madagascar 040, 21. 08. 2001, ranomena (Fianarantsoa), spring at right margin of the stream nW from the 1.07 km railway-tunnel, 950 m asl.,14.7 °C, 0.027 ms/cm; Gerecke & Goldschmidt leg. 4a. Gn 1, 2 propodus with diferent shape, in female palm clearly shorter than remaining posterior margin; P 5-7 of adults dactylus inner margin with 4 robust setae . ............................................... Sandro spinidactylus n. sp. -4b. Gn 1, 2 propodus similar, palm about as long as remaining posterior margin; P 5-7 dactylus inner margin with 1 robust seta.... Sandro starmuehlneri (rufo, 1960) 5a. telson with 2 strong marginal robust setae; pleopods with unequal rami ....................... Austroniphargus bryophilus (Monod, 1925) -5b. telson with 1 marginal thin seta; pleopods with equal rami ................. .Libertinia longitelson n. g. n. sp. 6a. Pleopods with one ramus lost, u3 endopodite lost, telson on distal margin many robust setae .......Davidia spinicaudata n. g. n. sp. -6b. Pleopods with subequal rami, u3 with small endopodite, t distally with one robust seta on each corner..............................Reinhardia dimorpha n. g. n. sp. 7a. Pleopods with equal rami; u3 ramus less than twice as long as peduncle ........Libertinia latibasis n. g. n. sp. -7b. Pleopods one ramus reduced; u3 ramus at least twice as long as peduncle ...........................................8 8a. u2 rami unequal .............Dussartiella aurifex n. sp. -8b. u2 rami equal ..... Dussartiella madegassa rufo, 1979 Phylogenetic relationships Remarks Characters correspond perfectly to the original description (cf. also remarks section at Sandro spinidactylus above). Ecology 200-950 m above sea level. after erecting the Crangonyctoidea in 1973, Bousield (1977: p. 300) listed the following components of this superfamily: the Phreatogammarus complex, Paramelitidae Bousield, 1977, neoniphargidae Bousield, 1977 and Crangonyctidae Bousield, 1973. separate from this superfamily are the niphargoidea Karaman, FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY 1962, containing the niphargidae Karaman, 1962, the Pseudoniphargus-Allocrangonyx group, and the Austroniphargus group. in their monograph of the Gammaridea Barnard & Barnard, 1983 (p. 63) describe the “austroniphargids” of Madagascar (with the genera Austroniphargus Monod, 1925, and Sandro Barnard & Karaman 1979) as “comprising a microscosm of evolution showing easy transformations by the tendency of losing the inner lobes of the lower lip, the d-setae on the mandible palp, or the reduction of the pleopods”. (What is the plesiomorphic condition of the inner lobes of the labium? hey are lacking in most basic crangonyctoidean families. so is the loss of the inner lobes here a primary or secondary loss?). For Barnard & Barnard the austroniphargids “might be descendents of crangonyctoids” by having equal-sized gnathopods. hey lack, however, sternal gills and coxal gill 7, so that ‚their ainities must be sought in more sophisticated studies‘ (op. cit., p.63). hese authors give no formal higher rank to the austroniphargids than the generic ones, and no clear attribution to any higher taxon. according to Barnard & Barnard (loc. cit.) austroniphargids lack palmar combs on the gnathopods, as well as supernumerary setae on the peraeopodal dactyli, „but these trends are already complete in various Palearctic species“. However, in the present paper we present a new taxon, Sandro spinidactylus, which clearly does not it this deinition and which seems to be a more plesiomorphic member of the austroniphargid group. Williams & Barnard (1988) removed from the neoniphargidae the previously included genera Protocrangonyx nicholls, 1926, Eoniphargus uéno, 1955, Indoniphargus straskraba, 1967, and Giniphargus Karaman & Barnard, 1979, and redeined the family based on the following genera: Neoniphargus stebbing, 1899 and the new genera Tasniphargus, Wesniphargus, and Yulia , all australian. Bradbury & Williams (1997) added further newly coined australian genera: Jasptorus, Neocrypta and Wombeyanus. hus all presently valid members of the neoniphargidae are exclusively known from australia, including tasmania. at present, the genera Austroniphargus and Sandro oicially still belong to the Crangonyctoidea and the neoniphargidae Bousield, 1977, even though already Williams & Barnard (1988, p. 8) had already stated: “....in our view, Austroniphargus is so diferent as to merit separate family status; the diferences between it and other neoniphargids are greater than those between the Paramelitidae and neoniphargidae”. on p. 9 of the same paper Austroniphargus and Sandro are 123 listed as ‚austroniphargids‘ within the crangonyctoids, but then on p. 114 the authors tentatively propose the two genera to be placed within the newly coined, also australian, family Perthiidae, together with Perthia straškraba, 1964. in their monograph of “he families and genera of marine amphipoda, except marine gammaroids” Barnard & Karaman (1991, p. 49, ig 16) most unexpectedly add at the end of their “diagrammatic key to families” also an overview of the crangonyctoids (nB not Crangonyctoidea); besides the neoniphargidae, the Perthiidae and the “allocrangonyctids” there is also a box for the “austroniphargidae”, to our knowledge the irst time this family name has been published. However, there is no explaining text to this plate, and in the explanation of ig. 16 on p. 57 the family name is never repeated. again Martin and davis (2001) did not recognize this family name in the accepted gammaridean families. he situation does not change when väinölä et al. 2008 use “austroniphargidae” in their table 1 and 2 on p. 244-46 and in the text on afrotropics (p. 251), but again without explaining or deining this taxon: the name must remain a nomen nudum until now. he same authors place in their Fig. 3 the label “aus” on the island of Madagascar, and explain this abbreviation with “austrocrangonyctidae”, another nomen nudum and most probably only a lapsus calami, as the genus Austrocrangonyx was proposed by Barnard & Barnard (1983: 422) but assumed to be strictly australian in distribution (see their maps 6, 7). in Williams & Barnard (1988: 45, on australian freshwater amphipods) this genus Austrocrangonyx is strangely enough attributed to Barnard & Karaman (sic!) and is included, along with most australian crangonyctoideans, within the family Paramelitidae Bousield 1977. as one can easily see, the situation in the literature is quite confusing. Here we present, in addition to the already known Austroniphargus and Sandro, three new genera from Madagascar: Davidia, Libertinia and Reinhardia. We took 35 characters (see Fig. 20) and applied them to 15 species (see matrix in Fig. 21). Besides the cited three new genera cited, also a new species of Sandro was collected (closely related with Libertinia) as well as a new species of Dussartiella (actually still member of Paracrangonyctidae Bousield, 1982). in the matrix we added further Austroniphargus Monod, 1925, Neocrypta Bradbury & Williams, 1997 and Neoniphargus stebbing, 1899 (actually belonging to neoniophargidae, see above), Niphargus schioedte, 1849 (belonging to niphargidae Bousield, 1977), Perthia straškraba, 1964 (belonging to Perthiidae Willams & Barnard, 1988), two species of Synurella Wrzesniowski, 1877 (belonging 124 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo 0 Characters 1 2 1 antenna 1 lagel./ped. ratio <1 1-2 >2 2 antenna 2 lagel./ped. ratio <0,4 0,4-0,8 >0,8 3 antenna 2 article 1 of peduncle not round, relatively short rounded and very expanded 4 Mandible palp normal reduced 5 C-d setae on art 3 of Md palp absent present 6 labium inner lobes absent present 7 Maxilla 1 right and left palp subequal diferent 8 Gnathopod 1 carpus not lobed lobed 9 Gnathopod 1 palmar margin not deined deined 10 Gnathopod 1 palmar corner > 120° equal or < 120° 11 dactylus of gnathopod 1 not reaching palmar corner reaching the palmar corner 12 Gnathopod 2 carpus not lobed lobed 13 Gnathopod 2 palmar margin not deined deined 14 Gnathopod 2 palmar corner > 120° equal or < 120° 15 dactylus of gnathopod 2 not reaching the palmar corner reaching palmar corner 16 Gnathopods 1-2 palm robust setae lacking with strong biid robust setae 17 Comparison size propodus Gn1:Gn2 subequal distinctly diferent 18 Width of pereopods 6-7 basis narrow middle sized 19 sternal gills absent present 20 ep 1-3 locking apparatus absent present on inner face 21 Pleopods rami both rami normal internal ramus reduced 22 ratio pleopods outer ramus/peduncle outer ramus ≤ peduncle outer ramus > peduncle 23 robust setae u1 preceding peduncle lacking present 24 urosomites not fused fused 25 robust setae on urosomites dorsoposteriorly present absent 26 uropod 1 sexual dimorphism absent present 27 uropod 2 sexual dimorphism absent present 28 uropod 3 sexual dimorphism absent present 29 uropod 3 endopodite present absent 30 uropod 3 ratio exopodite/peduncle <2,5 >2,5 31 nr arts exopodite of uropod 3 only with 1 article with 2 articles 32 telson distal margin straight or convex feebly incavate 33 telson width wide (width/length≥1) narrow (width/length<1) 34 dorsal telson setation present absent 35 lateral telson setation present absent Fig. 20. table with characters and their states. reduced wide two lobes 1 Fig. 21. Matrix of 15 species and 35 characters. 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 ? 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 synur.a synur.o 14 15 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 01 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 1 reinhar sandro 12 13 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 ? 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 01 1 1 0 0 0 0 01 Perthia 11 1 1 nipharg 10 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 neocry neonip 8 9 1 01 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 01 0 0 0 0 1 1 lib.long 7 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 01 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 ? 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 01 01 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 ? 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 01 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 01 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 Gamm. lib.lat. 5 1 6 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 duss.m 7 duss.a. 8 3 9 4 10 1 11 0 12 0 13 1 14 0 15 1 16 0 17 1 18 1 19 0 20 0 21 0 22 1 23 0 24 0 25 1 26 1 27 1 28 2 29 1 30 2 31 austron 32 davidia 33 1 34 2 35 1 FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY 125 to Crangonyctidae Bousield, 1973), and used Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Gammaridae latreille, 1802) as outgroup. For an illustrated character overview, see Figs 22-27. he programs MacClade 4.06 (Maddison & Maddison, 2003) and PauP 40B.10 (swoford, 2002) were applied. using 15 taxa and 35 characters a heuristic analysis with Gammarus elvirae as an outgroup-species was chosen with all characters of type „unordered“ and with equal weight. While Libertinia was closely related to Austroniphargus and Sandro (both with more plesiomorphic character states), Davidia as well as Reinhardia were clearly more distant. hey both have C- and d-setae on the mandible palp, while in Sandro, Austroniphargus and Libertinia they are absent. While Sandro has an inner lobe on the labium, all others lack it (see Fig. 23). Sandro, Libertinia and Austroniphargus have a lobed Gn 1 carpus, while Davidia and Reinhardia have it only rounded (Fig. 25). he irst three genera have the Gn 1 palmar margin defined, Davidia and Reinhardia less or undeined. Gn2 carpus is not lobed in Davidia and Reinhardia, while it is lobed in all other genera. he urosomites are fused in Sandro, Libertinia, Austroniphargus and Davidia (as well as Synurella species), but free in Reinhardia (like in Dussartiella, Neocrypta and Neoniphargus). like Synurella also Davidia has only one article on u 3 outer ramus, while in all other here included genera there are two articles. he telson is distally convex in Davidia and Reinhardia, it is emarginate to deeply cleft in Sandro, Libertinia and Austroniphargus (Fig. 26, 27). a newly reported character state is the locking apparatus on the inner side of the epimeral plates (see Sandro spinidactylus Fig. 19); this is shared by Davidia, Reinhardia, Sandro and partly also by Libertinia, but until now not reported from Austroniphargus. he locking apparatus on the epimeral plates together with the fused urosomites reinforce the posterior part of the body and may be an advantage for a still unknown way of life (some of them but not all reported from the interstitium). the situation of Dussartiella within the family Paracrangonyctidae Bousield is still questionable: according to Fenwick 2001 in his review of Paracrangonyx it should belong elsewhere. in Grosso, Peralta & rufo, 2006:75 it is written: “...the inclusion of Dussartiella in a suprageneric group is problematic”, in their cladistic analysis (mainly about species which are close to or included in the Paracrangonyctidae) it comes out more or less among the bogidiellids, while Koenemann & Holsinger 1999: 787 throw it out of the Bogidiellidae. 126 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 22. antennae in austroniphargidae and Dussartiella. Comparison of the length of a1 peduncle article 1 with article 2. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY 127 Fig. 23. Mouthparts in austroniphargidae. in the mandible palp article 2 is shorter , longer or equal to article 3; maxillae are setose or naked on the inner margin, labium has or has not inner lobes. 128 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 24. Mouthparts in austroniphargidae and Dussartiella. Mandible palp ordinary or reduced, palp of maxilla 1 ordinary or reduced. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Fig. 25. Gnathopods in austroniphargidae and Dussartiella. Carpus of Gn1, Gn2 is lobate or rounded. 129 130 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 26. Pleopods, uropods and telson of austroniphargidae. rami are equal or unequal, in u3 the peduncle can have a distal spur, telson is distally deeply cleft, or more or less emarginate. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY 131 Fig. 27. Pleopods, uropods and telson of austroniphargidae and Dussartiella. rami in pleopods and uropods are subequal or not, they are sexually dimorphic or not, the telson ist distally concave or emarginate. 132 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo Fig. 28. Map of the island of Madagascar with 9 localities where freshwater species were collected until now: (1) Austroniphargus bryophilus; (2) Dussartiella madegassa; (3) Sandro starmuehlneri; (4) Davidia spinicaudata; (5) Dussartiella aurifex; (6) Libertinia latibasis; (7) Libertinia longitelson; (8) Reinhardia dimorpha; (9) Sandro spinidactylus. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Choosing only 35 characters certainly may have neglected other important ones. here have already been many discussions about the relationships within the crangonyctoids in the past and it is not our aim to redescribe the superfamily here, rather to describe the probable position of the new taxa by analyzing certain characters, and to show that they fall into two separate groups. thus we describe herein three new genera from Madagascar and erect formally the new family austroniphargidae for the “crangonyctoid” members living in Madagascar, already for so long postulated by many diferent authors: austroniphargidae new family Type genus Austroniphargus Monod, 1925 including at the moment: Austroniphargus, Sandro, Libertinia, Davidia, Reinhardia. Diagnosis for the genus-group Austroniphargus, Sandro, Libertinia. sternal gills absent. Mandible palp without C- and d- setae. Gn1, 2 alike, large, carpus lobed, palmar margin deined, palmar spines simple. urosomites fused; uropod 3 length of rami very diferent. (locking apparatus on the inner side of epimeral plates present in Sandro and partly observed in Libertinia, not known in Austroniphargus). telson emarginate to cleft. Relationship Barnard & Barnard 1983: 63 underline some similarities to Eriopisa stebbing, 1890 or Eriopisella Chevreux, 1920 (they “might have crawled out of the sea onto Madagascar”), but a “somewhat more parsimonious morphological relationship focuses on the Palearctic niphargid group composed of Niphargus, Niphargellus, Pseudoniphargus and other genera.” hey resemble the niphargids in the enlarged gnathopods, reduced setation of the maxillae and more densely spinose telson apices, but difer in the fused urosomites and the lobate carpus on the gnathopods. (in the niphargid genus Carinurella sket, 1971 an urosomal stabilisation is achieved not by fusion, but by the enlarged irst segment which is dominant over the reduced other two segments following). Barnard & Barnard (loc. cit.) summarize their discussion about possible ancestors: “he size equality of gnathopods is foreign to any marine Melitoid ancestor that could be hypothesized, thereby leaving the impression that 133 austroniphargids might be descendents of Crangonyctoids... But austroniphargids have lost ... Crangonyctoid markers: sternal gills, densely packed biid palmar spines on the gnathopods..., so that their ainities must be sought in more sophisticated studies.” Diagnosis of the genus-group Davidia and Reinhardia. sternal gills lacking. Mandible palp with C- and d-setae; Gn 1, 2 carpus unlobed, palmar margin undeined. locking apparatus on the inner side of the epimeral plates. (urosomites are fused in Davidia, but not in Reinhardia). telson is entire and distally convex. Relationship Members of this group differ from other austroniphargidae in the more plesiomorphic mandible palp characters (but reduction of maxillar palp in Reinhardia), less specialized gnathopods and the entire and distally convex telson. General characters of Austroniphargidae eyeless, non-calceolate crangonyctoideans endemic to Madagascar. Posterior body parts (pleon, urosome) reinforced by locking apparatus or trend to fusion. lateral cephalic lobe pronounced, a1> a2, accessory lagellum with 1-2 articles. labium lacking inner lobes (exception: Sandro). in mandible palp article 1 trend to elongation, article 3 setation reduced, trend to e-setae only; molar strong. Maxilla 1 palp typically with 2 articles, can be reduced. Maxilla 2 inner plate with 1-2 “facial” setae near inner margin. Maxilliped plates moderately developed, palp stout. Coxal plates 1-4 medium, deepening posteriorly. Gnathopods subsimilar, strongly to moderately subchelate; dactylus with elongate nail (= unguis). Peraeopods 5-7 basis narrowing distally, tendence to reduction of distinct posterodistal lobe, dactylus regular. uropods trending to sexual dimorphism; uropod 3 parviramous, outer ramus terminal article distinct or lacking. telson lappable, apically convex, concave, notched or variously cleft. Brood plates large, broad, marginal setae medium. Coxal gills present on peraeopods 2-6, not always on P 7, pleated. sternal gills lacking. Has Madagascar been colonized only once (the ancestral progenitor penetrating surface fresh water sometime after Madagascar was separated from africa)? did Dussartiella arrive on its own, is it an earlier invader? at the moment we have far too few data to answer these questions. Further new taxa are almost certainly to turn up during further exploration (e.g. members of the indian family Kotumsaridae Messouli, Holsinger and reddy 2007 ?) and these will most probably re-order the present temporary classiication. 134 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo survey of non-marine amphipods from Madagascar at the end of this paper we want to give a chronological overview to the localities of the few amphipods found on the big island Madagascar outside the marine environment. he list below contains 15 species from freshwater, brackish or even terrestrial habitats, while the map on Fig. 28 shows only the type-localities of the 9 freshwater species, indicated by the numbers 1-9. he numbers 1-3 are citations in the literature, the numbers 4-9 (in the map with the locality name and sample number) are species presented in this paper. jusqu’au lac en un petit ruisselet (débit approximatis estimé: 8 à 10 l à l’heure.” = tiny water source, half well, half seepage at the declivity of a rocky slope more or less transformed in a laterite and forming the feeding zone of the Mantasoa reservoir. at the time of the collection the water level of Mantasoa lake was several meters below its maximal position. his tiny source had its origin just below this maximal level. he water trickling from the soil irst formed a very little bowl illed by algae (diatoms, ilamentous algae) which is normal at such trickles, and then lowed down to the lake as a small streamlet (estimated about 8-10 l per hour). A) Freshwater species austroniphargidae austroniphargidae Austroniphargus bryophilus (Monod, 1925) Niphargopsis bryophilus Monod, 1925: 41, igs 1-3 Niphargopsis bryophilus var. petiti Monod, 1925: 47 Austroniphargus bryophilus rufo, 1958: 35-36 Type locality (1). 22°11’ s, 46°56’ e: andringitra, 2600 m,»jusqu’au sommet de la Montagne» = near the top of the mountain. Barnard & Karaman 1983: 2600m altitude, forest streams, probably normally hypogean; rufo 1958: Cirque Boby, 2500m 22°11’ s, 46°56’ e ?Paracrangonyctidae Sandro starmuehlneri (rufo, 1960) Austroniphargus starmuehlneri rufo 1960: 65-69, igs 1, 2 Sandro starmuehlneri Karaman & Barnard, 1979: 141 Type locality. (3). 21°32’ s, 47°26’ e: torrentello (small river) andrambovato, 15 km W of ampamaherana (se of Madagascar) “sulla linea ferroviaria Fianarantsoa-Manakara” = along the railway-route Fianarantsoa-Manakara. Davidia spinicaudata n. gen. n. sp. Type locality. (4). 21°42’ s, 47°37’ e: ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), area andriampanjijy, spring 1 at left margin of river asiaha, 220 m. Dussartiella madegassa rufo, 1979 rufo, 1979: 431-437, igs 4-7 Type locality (2). 19°00’ s, 47°50’ e: “piccola sorgente nelle vicinanze del lago artiiciale di Mantasoa presso Manjakandriana 40 km a est di antananarivo (tananarive) nel Madagascar centrale” = small wellspring near the artiicial lake of Mantasoa near Manjakandriana 40 km e of antananarivo (tananarive). B. dussart (the collector):”sortie d’eau miniscule, mi-source, mi-suintement à lanc de pente rocailleuse plus ou moins latéritisée representant la zone de marnage du réservoir de Mantasoa. a l’èpoque de la récolte le lac de Mantasoa ètait plusieurs mètres au dessous de sa côte maximale. la minisource sortait de terre peu au dessous de cette dernière côte maximale. l’eau qui soudait du sol constituait d’abord une toute petite vasque encombrée d’algues (diatomées, algues ilamenteuses) habituelles au niveau de tels suintements, puis dévalait ?Paracrangonyctidae Dussartiella aurifex n. sp. Type locality. (5). 19°19’s, 47°25’ e. ankaratra (antananarivo), reserve Manjakatompo, lower spring near aluent of station piscicole upstr. road to lac Froid, 1700 m, 16.4°C. austroniphargidae Libertinia latibasis n. sp. Type locality. (6). 23°26’ s, 43°53’ e. ambohimahavelona (tuléar), rheocrenes West of school complex, 50 m, 25.6°C. Additional material at 20°, 23° and 24° s, 46-47° e. FresHWater aMPHiPods FroM MadaGasCar WitH desCriPtion oF a neW FaMilY Libertinia longitelson n. sp. Type locality. (7). 25°00’ s, 46°59’ e. andohahela (tulear), isaka, stream crossing at km 32, 18.8°C. Additional material at 18-23°s, 46-47°e. Reinhardia dimorpha n. gen. n. sp. Type locality. (8). 12°42’ s, 49°37’ e. Jofreville (M. d‘ambre, ansiranana), rheocrene at right al. r. de Manques in reserve Fontenay, 610 m, 21.2°C. 135 Melitidae Melita nitidula rufo, 1958 rufo, 1958: 36 igs 1,2 Type locality. 23°35‘ s, 43°42 e; soalara (tulear) torrente st. augustin (30 km se from tulear) „prima dello sbocco in mare, acque salmastre“= near the estuary, in brackish water. (ledoyer in his Faune de Madagascar doubts that this locality was very brackish). talitridae Orchestia ancheidos (Barnard K.H., 1916) Sandro spinidactylus n. sp. Type locality. (9). 21°42’ s, 47°37’e. ionilahy (Fianarantsoa), riv. avatamboka ca. 1 km nW from the village, 210 m, 21.2°C. B) Species from brackish water or terrestrial habitat Talorchestia ancheidos Barnard K.H., 1916: 221-222, pl. 27, igs 35-36 Orchestia ancheidos rufo, 1958: 43-46, igs 3, 4 Madegassan material cited from lac tsimanampetsotsa 24°07’ s, 43°45’ e, saline lake, and itampolo 24°41 s, 43°56’ e. Type locality. West and east coasts of the Cape Peninsula, south africa. aoridae Grandidierella megnae (Giles, 1888) Grandidierella bonnieri stebbing, 1908: 120-123, pl. 6; rufo, 1958: 52, 58-59, ig. 9 Grandidierella megnae asari & Myers, 1982: 237. Type locality. soalara (tulear) st. augustin 30m se from tulear, „acque salmastre“ = brackish water 23°35‘ s, 43°42 e; Manjakatompa 19°19’ s, 47°25’ e, 85 km s of tananarive = antananarivo, “sotto pietre nel suolo umido” = under stones in humid ground; lago itasy, ca 100 km e of tananarive 19°03’ s, 46°47’ e, altopiano del Madagascar centrale, sotto pietre nel terreno umido = plateau of Central Madagascar, under stones in umid ground. ambatalaona 60 km e of tananarive 18°55’ s, 47°53’ e. Grandidierella cf. bonnieri: Mitsamiouli, brackish water (rufo 1960: 64) Grandidierella mahafalensis Coutière, 1904 Coutière, 1904: 11, 19 igs rufo, 1958: 53, 55-58, igs 7, 8 Type locality. lac tsimanampetsotsa 24°07‘ s, 43°45‘ e, saline lake. Photidae Photis distinguenda rufo, 1955 rufo, 1955: 195-199, igs 1, 2 Type locality. e of Madagascar, estuary of anove 16°37‘ s, 49°47‘ e, collected with a plankton net on a ferry boat. salinity variable, brackish. talitridae ?Talitrus pacificus Hurley, 1955 Hurley, 1955: 155-156, ig. 3 rufo, 1958: 41-42 rufo, 1958: Perinet 18°56’ s, 48°24’ e, Betampona 19°13’ s, 48°50’ e, Manjabe (there are many localities with the same name), sandrakely near ifanadianaranomafana 21°07’ s, 47°38’ e, Maroantsetra 15°26’ s, 49°43’ e, Montagne d’ambre 12°32’ s, 49°10’ e, Fort dauphin 25°01’ s, 46°59’ e. rufo, 1960: soalara (tulear) 23°35’ s, 43°42 e. remarks: Talitrus pacificus Hurley is currently cited as junior synonym of Talitroides topitotum (Burt). But chances that either name is correct are minimal. 136 valentina iannilli, traudl KraPP, sandro ruFFo acknowledgments david Cook of Paradise valley, arizona (specialist on water mites) took care of the costs of this expedition. 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J.d.s., GraBoWsKi M., BradBurY J.H., JaZdZeWsKi K., sKet B., 2008. Global diversity of amphipods (amphipoda; Crustacea) in freshwater. Hyd- 137 robiologia 595: 241-255. WilliaMs W.d., Barnard J.l., 1988. he taxonomy of crangonyctoid amphipoda (Crustacea) from australian fresh waters: foundation studies. Records of the Australian Museum suppl. 10: 1-180. WrZesnioWsKi a., 1877. Über die anatomie der amphipoden. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie Leipzig 28: 403-418. address of the authors: valentina iannilli - enea C.r. Casaccia, laboratory of sustainable Management of agri-ecosystems, via anguillarese 301, i-00123 roma; e-mail: valentina.iannilli@enea.it traudl KraPP - Forschungsmuseum alexander Koenig, adenauerallee 160, d-53113 Bonn; e-mail: traudl. krapp@uni-bonn.de

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Freshwater amphipods from Madagascar with description of a new familiy, three new genera and six new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

Freshwater amphipods from Madagascar with description of a new familiy, three new genera and six new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

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