Preliminary Checklist of Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Laurentian Great Lakes

E.F. Stoermer; R.G. Kreis

During recent observations of the diatom flora of Lake Ohrid, fifteen new species were found, each possessing unique morphological features: Odontidium minutum, Gomphonema linearoides and Gomphonema densistriatum. We provide detailed descriptions for all fifteen species based on light and electron microscopy observations. Noteworthy is the high diversity recorded in the Gomphonema olivaceum species complex, which comprises eight species in total, three of which are described as new. We also provide a key for identification of species in the G. olivaceum complex in Lake Ohrid and a compilation of published data detailing the infraspecific diversity of this complex.

J. Great Lakes Res., June 1978 Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res. 4(2):149-169 PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS (BACILLARIOPHYTA) FROM THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES! E. F. Stoermer and R. G. Kreis, Jr. Great Lakes Research Division University ofMichigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ABSTRACT. A preliminary compilation indicates the occurrence of at least 1611 diatom taxa in the ?reat Lakes. ､･ｵｬｾｮｉ are 81 genera, 1059 species, and 471 subordinate taxa. Although the present list IS known. to be mcomplete, it furnishes some indication of the diversity of the flora and indicates problem areas which deserve further attention. such preliminary efforts, we have not been able to adequately address all problems. In order that this preliminary checklist not be misconstrued the reader should be aware of the problems and deficiencies discussed later. With these limitations in mi?d, we hope that it will be used for the purpose mtended; as a stepping stone towards a comprehensive and accurate account of the Great Lakes diatom flora. INTRODUCTION Lack of taxonomic treatments which cover the Great Lakes fauna and flora has been a matter of serious concern to investigators working on the Great Lakes system for some time. This need has become particularly acute for large scale baseline studies and environmental assessment work whose practical utility is strongly predicated on the ability to detect conditions which result in ｣ｾ｡ｮｧ･ｳ in the indigenous biota. It is widely recoglllzed that, at least for certain groups of organisms, lack of an adequate and readily available taxonomic information base results in serious loss of information. During the past two Conferences on Great Lakes Research an ad hoc committee on the status of taxonomic treatments of the Great Lakes fauna and flora has met, under the auspices of the International Association for Great Lakes Research to discuss this problem and to seek ｰｬ｡ｵｳｩ｢ｾ modes of working towards its solution. Considering all factors involved, there was consensus agreement among committee members that there would be some virtue in adopting the traditional approach of exploration, checklist and revision in working toward the desired ｾｯｭｰｲ･ｨｮｳｩｶ treatments. The following is our attempt to construct such a list for the diatoms known to occur in the Great Lakes system. As is perhaps always the case with METHODS The basic starting point for the following checklist is a series of computer programs (FIDO) developed in our laboratory to support reduction and analysis of algal population data from the Great Lakes. One of the components of FIDO is a file called MASTERLIST which contains all names applied to algal taxa from the Great Lakes by this laboratory. The valid names of diatoms (exlcusive of numerical designations and other nomina nuda used to designate taxa which have not been formally described) were extracted from MASTERLIST to form the framework for the checklist. These names, plus those extracted from the literature, were subsequently entered on a separate computer file in order to facilitate editing the present list and, hopefully, eventual updating and correcting it; In the checklist apparent orthographic errors nomina nuda and other illegitimate names ｡ｲｾ indicated by a bracketed [ ] comment following on the same line. Currently accepted synonyms of reported names are indented immediately below the name as originally reported; lContribution number 226 of the Great Lakes Research Division Great Lakes and Marine Waters Center, University of Michigan: Ann Arbor, MI 48109. 149 150 STOERMER and KREIS Achnanthes affinis Grun. Achnanthes amoena Hust. Achnanthes atacamae Hust. Achnanthes biasolettiana (Klitz.) Grun. Achnanthes bioreti Gennain Achnanthes brevipes Ag. Achnanthes calcar Cl. Achnanthes clevei Grun. Achnanthes clevei var. rostrata Hust. Achnanthes coarctata (Breb.) Grun. Achnanthes conspicua A. Mayer Achnanthes conspicua var. brevistriata Hust. Achnanthes deflexa Reim. Achnanthes delicatula (Klitz.) Grun. Achnanthes detha Hohn and Hellerm. Achnanthes didyma Hust. Achnanthes dispar Cl. Achnanthes elliptica var. elongata A.Cl. Achnanthes exigua Grun. Achnanthes exigua var. constricta (Grun.) Hust. Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva Krasske Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva fo. semiaperta Guer. Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalvata Krasske [orthographic error?] Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalva Krasske Achnanthes exilis Kutz. Achnanthes flexella (Kutz.) Brun Achnanthes gracillima Hust. Achnanthes hauckiana Grun. Achnanthes hauckiana var. rostrata Schultz Achnanthes hetensis A.Cl. [orthographic error?] Achnanthes hettensis A.Cl. Achnanthes hungarica (Grun.) Grun. Achnanthes kryophila Peters. Achnanthes kryophila var. africana Choln. Achnanthes lanceolata (Breb.) Grun. Achnanthes lanceolata var. apiculata Patr. Achnanthes lanceolata var. bimaculata Hust. Achnanthes lanceolata var. dubia Grun. Achnanthes lanceolata var. elliptica Cl. Achnanthes lanceolata var. genuina A. Mayer Achnanthes lanceolata var. haynaldii (Schaarsch.) Cl. Achnanthes lanceolata var. omissa Reim. Achnanthes lanceolata var. robusta Hust. Achnanthes lanceolatiodes Sov. Achnanthes lapidosa Krasske Achnanthes laterostrata Hust. Achnanthes lauenburgiana Hust. Achnanthes lemmermanni Hust. Achnanthes levanderi Hust. Achnanthes lewisiana Patr. Achnanthes linearis (W.Sm.) Grun. Achnanthes linearis var. pusilla Grun. Achnanthes linearis fo. curta H.L. Sm. Achnanthes marginulata Grun. Achnanthes microcephala (Klitz.) Grun. Achnanthes minutissima Klitz. Achnanthes minutissima var. cryptocephala Grun. Achnanthes minutissima var. robusta Hust. Achnanthes nodosa A.CI. Achnanthes nollii Bock Achnanthes oestrupi (A.Cl.) Hust. Achnanthes oestrupi var. lanceolata Hust. Achnanthes peragalli Brun and Herib. Achnanthes peragalli var.fossilis Temp. and Perag. Achnanthes peragalli var. parvula (patr.) Reim. Achnanthes pinnata Hust. Achnanthes ploenensis Hust. Achnanthes procera Hust. Achnanthes sublaevis Hust. Achnanthes subsaloides Hust. Achnanthes suchlandti Hust. Achnanthes trinodis (W.Sm.) Grun. Achnanthes wellsiae Reim. Achnanthidium flexellum (Kutz.) Breb. Achnanthes flexella (Klitz.) Brun Actinocyclus niagarae H.L. Sm. Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehr. Actinoptychus sp. Amphipleura artica Patr. and Freese Amphipleura delicatissima [nom. illegit. J Amphipleura pellucida (Klitz.) Klitz. Amphipleura sigmoida W.Sm. Nitzschia sigma var. rigida (Klitz.) Grun. Amphiprora alata (Ehr.) Klitz. Entomoneis alata (Ehr.) Ehr. Amphiprora calumetica Thomas Amphora calumetica (Thomas) M. Perag. Amphiprora ornata l.W. Bail. Entomoneis ornata (J.W. Bail.) Reim. Amphiprora paludosa W.Sm. Entomoneis paludosa (W.Sm.) Reim. Amphitropis ornata (l.W. Bail.) Grun. Entomoneis ornata (l.W. Bail.) Reim. Amphora bullatoides Hohn and Hellenn. Amphora calumetica (Thomas) M. Perag. Amphora coffeaeformis (Ag.) Klitz. Amphora coffeaeformis var. acutiuscula (Klitz.) Hust. Amphora commutata Grun. Amphora cruciferoides Stoerm. and Yang Amphora delicatissima Krasske Amphora exigua Greg. Amphora fonticola Maill. Amphora gigas Ehr. Amphora hemicycla Stoerm. and Yang Amphora huronensis Stoerm. and Yang Amphora lanceolate var. ? [nom. illegit.] Amphora libyca Ehr. Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Klitz.) V.H. Amphora michiganensis Stoenn. and Yang Amphora montana Krasske CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Amphora neglecta Stoerm. and Yang Amphora normanii Rabh. Amphora ovalis (Klitz.) Klitz. Amphora ovalis var. constricta Sky. Amphora ovalis var. gracilis (Ehr.) V.H. Amphora ovalis (Klitz.) Klitz. Amphora ovalis var. libyca (Ehr.) C1. Amphora ovalis var. affinis (Klitz.) V.H. Amphora ovalis var. minor H.H. Chase [nom. illegit.] Amphora ovalis var. minutissima (W .Sm.) Hurter Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Klitz.) V.H. Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Klitz.) V.H. Amphora ovalis var. ? [nom. illegit.] Amphora ovalis var. b [nom illegit.] Amphora ovalis var. ? Klitz. [nom. illegit.] Amphora ovalis var. nov. [nom. illegit.] Amphora parallelistriata Mang. Amphora perpusilla (Grun.) Grun. Amphora rotunda Sky. Amphora sibirica Sky. and Meyer Amphora subcostulata Stoerm. and Yang Amphora veneta Klitz. Amphora veneta var. angularis [nom. nud.] Amphora veneta var. capitata Haworth Amphora veneta var. capitata Haworth Anomoeoneis costata (Klitz.) Hust. Anomoeoneis exilis Klitz. Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grun.) Ross Anomoeoneis follis (Ehr.) C1. Anomoeoneis sculpta (Ehr.) O. Mill1. Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta O. Mlil1. Anomoeoneis serians Breb. Anomoeoneis serians var. brachysira (Breb.) Hust. Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Klitz.) Pfitz. Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta (Ehr.) O. MUll. Anomoeoneis styrica (Grun.) Hust. Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grun.) Ross Anomoeoneis zellensis (Grun.) C1. Asterionella bleakleyi W. Sm. Asterionella formosa Hass. Asterionella formosa var. acaroides Lemm. Asterionella formosa var. gracillima V.H. Asterionella formosa var. subtilis Grun. Asterionella gracillima (Hantz.) Heib. Attheya zachariasi Brun Bacillaria paradoxa Gmelin Bacillaria paxillifer (0. F. Mull.) Hendy Bacillaria paxillifer (0. F. Mull.) Hendy Caloneis alpestris (Grun.) C1. Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) C1. Caloneis bacillaris (Greg.) C1. Caloneis bacillaris var. thermalis (Grun.) A.C1. Caloneis bacillum (Grun.) C1. Caloneis bacillum var. fontinalis Hust. 151 Caloneis bacillum var. lancettula (Schulz) Hust. Caloneis clevei (Lagerst.) C1. Caloneis formosa Greg. Caloneis hyalina Hust. Caloneis lewisii Patr. Caloneis limosa (Klitz.) Patr. Caloneis nubicola (Grun.) C1. Caloneis pulchra Messik. Caloneis pulchra var. interrupta Gandhi Caloneis schumanniana (Grun.) C1. Caloneis limosa (Klitz.) Patr. Caloneis schumanniana var. biconstricta Grun. Caloneis limosa (Klitz.) Patr. Caloneis silicula (Ehr.) C1. Caloneis ventricosa (Ehr.) Meist. Caloneis silicula var. truncatula (Grun.) C1. Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grun.) Meist. Caloneis ventricosa (Ehr.) Meist. Caloneis ventricosa var. minuta (Grun.) Patr. Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grun.) Meist. Caloneis ventricosa var. trunculata [orthographic error?] Caloneis ventricosa var. truncatula (Grun.) Meist. Campylodiscus cribrosus W.Sm. Campylodiscus decorus Breb. Campylodiscus hibernicus Ehr. Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernica (Ehr.) Grun. Campylodiscus hibernicus var. ? [nom. illegit.] Campylodiscus noricus Ehr. Campylodiscus noricus var. hibernica (Ehr.) Grun. Capartogramma crucicula (Grun.) Ross Ceratoneis arcus Klitz. Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. Ceratoneis arcus var. amphioxys (Rabh.) Grun. Hannaea arcus var. amphioxys (Rabh.) Patr. Chaetoceras sp. Cocconeis diminuta Pant. Cocconeis diruptoides Hust. Cocconeis disculus (Schum.) C1. Cocconeis disculus var. diminuta (Pant.) A.C1. Cocconeis diminuta Pant. Cocconeis flexella (Klitz.) C1. Achnanthes flexella (Klitz.) Brun Cocconeis flexulla (Kutz.) C1. [orthographic error?] Achnanthes flex ella (Kutz.) Brun Cocconeis fluviatilis Wallace Cocconeis japonica A.S. Cocconeis scutellum var.japonica (A.S.) Sky. Cocconeis lineata Ehr. Cocconeis placentula var.lineata (Ehr.) V.H. Cocconeis pediculus Ehr. Cocconeis placentula Ehr. Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta (Ehr.) C1. Cocconeis placentula var.lineata (Ehr.) V.H. 152 STOERMER and KREIS Cocconeis rouxii Herib. and Brun Cocconeis placentula var. rouxii (Herib. and Brun) Cl. Cocconeis schlettum [orthographic error?] Cocconeis rhombea Ehr. Cocconeis scutellum Ehr. Cocconeis scutellum var. parva Crun. Cocconeis thumensis A. Mayer Cocconeis thwaitesii W.Sm. Achnanthes [lexella (Klitz.) Brun Cocconeis transversalis Creg. Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Crun.) Cl. Cocconema cistula Hempr. Cymbella cistula (Ehr.) Kirchn. Cocconema cymbiforme (Klitz.) Ehr. Cymbella cymbiformis Ag. Cocconema fusidium Ehr. Cymbella affinis Klitz. Cocconema gastroides (Klitz.) Pell. Cymbella aspera (Ehr.) Cl. Cocconema lanceolatum Ehr. Cymbella lanceolata (Ag.) Ag. Cocconema parva W.Sm. Cymbella parva (W.Sm.) Cl. Cocconema scotica W.Sm. Cymbella scotica W.Sm. Colletonema lucustre V.H. Cymbella lacustris (Ag.) Cl. Coscinodiscus asteromorphus Ehr. Coscinodiscus curvatalus Crun. Coscinodiscus decrescens Crun. Coscinodiscus lacustris Crun. Thalassiosira lacustris (Crun.) Hasle Coscinodiscus lanceolatum Ehr. Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehr. Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehr. Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust. Coscinodiscus rothii (Ehr.) Crun. Coscinodiscus rothii var. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust. Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust. Coscinodiscus subsalsa Juhl.-Dannf. Actinocyclus normanii fo. subsalsa (Juhl.-Dannf.) Hust. Coscinodiscus subtillis var. ? [nom. nud.} Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehr. Coscinodiscus tuberculatus Crev. Coscinodiscus tuberculatus var. ? A.S. [nom. illegit.] Craspedodiscus microdiscus Ehr. Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus Ehr. Cyclotella antiqua W.Sm. Cyclotella atomus Hust. Cyclotella bodanica Eulenst. Cyclotella bodanica-comta Eulenst.-(Ehr.) Kutz. [nom. illegit.} Cyclotella bodanica var. michiganensis Skv. Cyclotella bodanica var. stellata Skv. Cyclotella caspia Crun. Cyclotella catenata Brun Cyclotella cavita [nom. nud.] Cyclotella chaetoceras Lemm. Cyclotella comensis Crun. Cyclotella compta (Ehr.) Klitz. Cyclotella comta(Ehr.) Klitz. Cyclotella comta (Ehr.) Klitz. Cyclotella comta var. bodanica Crun. Cyclotella comta var. glabriuscula Crun. Cyclotella comta var. oligactis (Ehr.) Crun. Cyclotella comta var. paucipunctata Crun. Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin and Cuillard Cyclotella dubia Hilse Cyclotella facetia Hohn and Hellerrn. Cyclotella glomerata Bachm. Cyclotella glomerata-stelligera Bachmann-Cl. and Crun. [nom illegit.] Cyclotella kuetzingiana Thw. Cyclotella kuetzingiana var. planetophora Fricke Cyclotella kuetzingiana var. radiosa Fricke Cyclotella melosiroides (Kirchn.) Lemm. Cyclotella meneghiniana Klitz. Cyclotella meneghiniana var. plana Fricke Cyclotella meneghiniana var. stellulifera Cl. and Grun. Cyclotella stelligera (Cl. and Crun.) V.H. Cyclotella michiganiana Skv. Cyclotella nana Hust. Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle and Heim. Cyclotella ocellata Pant. Cyclotella ocellata-kutzingiana [nom. illegit.] Cyclotella operculata (Ag.) Klitz. Cyclotella planktonica Brunnth. Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hust. Cyclotella quadriiunta (Schroeter) Hust. Cyclotella rotula Klitz. Stephanodiscus rotula (Klitz.) Hendey Cyclotella spinosa Schum. Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehr. Cyclotella stelligera (Cl. and Crun.) V.H. Cyclotella striata (Klitz.) Crun. Cyclotella striata var. bipunctata Fricke CYclotella strisignata Crun. [nom. nud.] Cyclotella temperei M. Perag. and Herib. Cyclotella wolterecki Hust. Cymatopleura angulata Crev. Cymatopleura apiculata W.Sm. Cymatopleura cochlea J. Brun Cymatopleura elliptica (Breb. and Codey) W.Sm. Cymatopleura elliptica var. hibernica (W.Sm.) V.H. Cymatopleura elliptica fo. spiralis Boyer Cymatopleura hibernica W.Sm. Cymatopleura elliptica var. hibernica (W.Sm.) V.H. Cymatopleura hibernica var. rhombica HH Chase Cymatopleura solea (Breb. and Godey) W. Sm. Cymatopleura solea var. apiculata (W.Sm.) Ralfs Cymatopleura solea var. clavata O. Mlill. CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Cymatopleura solea var. pfuhlii Torka Cymatopleura solea var. regula (Ehr.) Grun. Cymatopleura spiralis H.H. Chase Cymatopleura elliptica fo. spiralis Boyer Cymbella acutiuscula Cl. Cymbella aequalis W.Sm. Cymbella affinis Klitz. Cymbella amphicephala Nag. Cymbella amphicephala var. subundulata Cl. Cymbella anglica Lagerst. Cymbella angustata (W.Sm.) Cl. Cymbella aspera (Ehr.) H. Perag. Cymbella aspera var. minor (V.H.) Cl. Cymbella austrica Grun. Cymbella brehmii Hust. Cymbella caespitosa Brun Cymbella prostrata (Berk.) C1. Cymbella cesatii (Rabh.) Grun. Cymbella cistula (Ehr.) Kirchn. Cymbella cistula var. gibbosa Brun Cymbella cistula var. maculata (Klitz.) V.H. Cymbella cistula var. truncata J. Brun Cymbella cuspidata Klitz. Cymbella cuspidata var. schulzii A.Cl. Cymbella cymbiformis Ag. Cymbella delicatula Klitz. Cymbella diluviana (Krasske) Florin Cymbella ehrenbergii Klitz. Cymbella inaequalis (Ehr.) Rabh. Cymbella gastroides Klitz. Cymbella gracilis (Rabh.) Cl. Cymbella rabenhorstii Ross Cymbella hauckii V,H. Cymbella hybrida Grun. Cymbella helvetica Klitz. Cymbella hustedtii Krasske Cymbella hybrida Grun. Cymbella inaequalis (Ehr.) Rabh. Cymbella incerta (Grun.) Cl. Cymbella jordani Grun. Cymbella laevis Mig. Cymbella lanceolata (Ag.) Ag. Cymbella lata Grun. Cymbella latens Krasske Cymbella minuta fo. latens (Krasske) Reim. Cymbella leptoceros (Ehr.) Rabh. Cymbella leptoceros var. rostrata Hust. Cymbella leptocerus (Ehr.) V.H. [orthographic error?] Cymbella leptoceros (Ehr.) Rabh. Cymbella maculata Klitz. Cymbella mexicana (Ehr.) Cl. Cymbella microcephala Grun. Cymbella minuta Hilse Cymbella minuta var. pseudogracilis (Choln.) Reim. Cymbella minuta var. silesiaca (Bleisch) Reim. Cymbella minuta fo. latens (Krasske) Reim. Cymbella moelleriana Grun. Cymbella muelleri Hust. 153 Cymbella muelleri fo. ventricosa (Temp. and Perag.) Reim. Cymbella naviculiformis Auersw. Cymbella norvegica Grun. Cymbella obtusa Greg. Cymbella subaequalis fo. krasskei (Foged) Reim. Cymbella obtusiuscula Klitz. Cymbella parva (W.Sm.) Cl. Cymbella parvula Krasske Cymbella pediculus Klitz. Amphora ovalis var. pediculus (Klitz.) V.H. Cymbella prostrata (Berk.) Cl. Cymbella prostrata var. auerswaldii (Rabh.) Reim. Cymbella prostrata var. caespitosa [nom. illegit.] Cymbella prostrata var. auerswaldii (Rabh.) Reim. Cymbella proxima Reim. Cymbella pusilla Grun. Cymbella rhombiodea Boyer Cymbella triangulum (Ehr.) Cl. Cymbella rotundata H.H. Chase Cymbella triangulum (Ehr.) Cl. Cymbella rugosa Hust. Cymbella ruttneri Hust. Cymbella similis Krasske Cymbella sinuata Greg. Cymbella sinuata var. antiqua (Grun.) Cl. Cymbella sinuata var. ovata Hust. Cymbella sinuata fo. ovata (Hust.) Hust. Cymbella stomatophora Grun. Cymbella subaequalis Grun. Cymbella subventricosa Choln. Cymbella triangularis (Ehr.) Cl. [orthographic error?] Cymbella triangulum (Ehr.) Cl. Cymbella triangulum (Ehr.) Cl. Cymbella tumida (Breb.) V.H. Cymbella tumidula Grun. Cymbella turgida Greg. Cymbella turgida var. pseudogracilis Choln. Cymbella minuta var. pseudogracilis (Choln.) Reim. Cymbella turgidula Grun. Cymbella ventricosa Ag. Cymbellonitzschia diluviana Hust. Cystopleura gibba (Ehr.) Kuntze Rhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) O. MUll. Cystopleura turgida (Ehr.) Kuntze Epithemia turgida (Ehr.) Klitz. Denticula elegans Klitz. Denticula frigida Klitz. Denticula tenuis var. frigida (Klitz.) Grun. Denticula lauta J.W. Bail. Denticula tenuis Klitz. Denticula tenuis var. crassula (Nag.) W. and G. S. West Denticula tenuis var. frigida (Klitz.) Grun. Denticula thermalis Klitz. Diatoma anceps (Ehr.) Kirchn. 154 STOERMER and KREIS Diatoma aneeps var. linearis M. Perag. Diatoma ehrenbergii Klitz. Diatoma elongata Ag. Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diatoma elongatum (Lyngb.) Ag. Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diatoma elongatum var. minor Grun. Diatoma elongatum var. tenue (Ag.) V.R. Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diatoma elongatum var. tenuis (Ag.) V.R. Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diatoma hiemale (Roth) Reib. Diatoma hiemale var. mesodon (Ehr.) Grun. Diatoma tenue Ag. Diatoma tenue elongatum [orthographic error?] Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diatoma tenue var. elongatum Lyngb. Diatoma tenue var. paehyeephala Grun. Diatoma tenue var. paehyeephalum [orthographic error?] Diatoma tenue var. paehyeephala Grun. Diatoma vulgare Bory Diatoma vulgare var. ehrenbergii (Klitz.) Grun. Diatoma vulgare var. grande (W.Sm.) Grun. Diatoma vulgare var. ovale (Fricke) Rust. [orthographic error?] Diatoma vulgare var. ovalis (Fricke) Rust. Diatoma vulgare var. ovalis (Fricke) Rust. Diatoma vulgare var. produeta Grun. Diatoma vulgare var. breve Grun. Diatoma vulgare var. linearis V.R. Eneyonema prostratum Ralfs Cymbella prostrata (Berk.) Cl. Eneyonema triangulatum Klitz. Cymbella triangulum (Ehr.) Cl. Eneyonema triangulum Ehr. Cymbella triangulum (Ehr.) Cl. Eneyonema turgidum (Greg.) Grun. Cymbella turgida Greg. Eneyonema ventricosa Klitz. Cymbella ventrieosa Klitz. Eneyonema ventricosum Klitz. Cymbella ventrieosa Klitz. Entomoneis ornata (J.W. Bail.) Reim. Diploneis boldtiana Cl. Diploneis domblittensis (Grun.) Cl. Diploneis elliptiea (Klitz.) Cl. Diploneis elliptiea var. pygmaea A.Cl. Diploneis finniea (Ehr.) Cl. Diploneis interrupta (Klitz.) Cl. Diploneis marginestriata Rust. Diploneis oblongella (Nlig.) Ross Diploneis oblongella var. genuina Nag. Diploneis oeulata (Breb.) Cl. Diploneis ovalis (RUse) Cl. Diploneis papula (A.S.) Cl. Diploneis parma Cl. Diploneis peterseni Rust. Diploneis pseudovalis Rust. Diploneis puella (Schum.) Cl. Diploneis pupula (A.S.) Cl. [orthographic error?] Diploneis papula (A.S.) Cl. Diploneis smithii (Breb.) Cl. Diploneis smithii var. pumila (Grun.) Rust. Diploneis subovalis Cl. Epithemia alpestris W.Sm. Epithemia andrewsii Stoerm. and Yang [nom. superf.J Epithemia emarginata Andrews Epithemia argus (Ehr.) Klitz. Epithemia argus var. alpestris Grun. Epithemia argus var. amphieephala Grun. Epithemia argus var.longieomis (Ehr.) Grun. Epithemia emarginata Andrews Epithemia gibba Klitz. Rhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) O. Mlill. Epithemia gibba var. parallela Grun. Rhopalodia parallela (Grun.) O. MUll. Epithemia gibba var. ventrieosa (Kutz.) Grun. Rhopalodia gibba var. ventrieosa (Kutz.) Perag. and Perag. Epithemia gibberula (Ehr.) Klitz. Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehr.) O. MUll. Epithemia hyndmanni W.Sm. Epithemia intermedia Fricke Epithemia muelleri Fricke Epithemia oeellata (Ehr.) Klitz. Epithemia reiehelti Fricke Epithemia smithii Carruthers Epithemia sorex Klitz. Epithemia surex Klitz. [orthographic error?] Epithemia sorex Klitz. Epithemia turgida (Ehr.) Klitz. Epithemia turgida var. granulata (Ehr.) Brun Epithemia turgida var. westermannii (Ehr.) Grun. Epithemia ventrieosa Ehr. Rhopalodia gibba var. ventrieosa (Klitz.) Perag and Perag. Epithemia zebra (Ehr.) Klitz. Epithemia adnata (Klitz). Breb. Epithemia zebra var. poreellus (Klitz.) Grun. Epithemia adnata var. poreellus (Klitz.) Patr. Epithemia zebra var. saxoniea (Klitz.) Grun. Epithemia adnata var. saxoniea (Klitz.) Patr. Eneyonema eaespitosum Klitz. Cymbella prostrata var. auerswaldii (Rabh.) Reim. Eneyonema gracile Rabh. Cymbella rabenhorstii Ross Eneyonema limula [nom. nud. / Eueoeeoneis depressa (Cl.) Rust. Aehnanthes depressa (el.) Rust. Eueoeeoneis flexella (Klitz.) Rust. Aehnanthes flexella (Klitz.) Brun Didymosphaenia geminata (Lyngb.) M. Schmidt , CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Eucocconeis flexella var. alpestris (Brun) Hust. Achnanthes flexella var. alpestris Brun Eucocconeis lapponica Hust. Achnanthes lapponica (Hust.) Hust. Eucocconeis lapponica var. ninckei (Reim.) Stoerrn. and Yang ISS Eunotia valida Hust. Eunotia vanheurckii Patr. Eunotia vanheurckii var. intermedia (Krasske) Patr. Eunotia woleirotii (Klitz.) Rabh. Eunotia zebrina Ehr. Epithemia turgida var. zebrina (Ehr.) Rabh. Achnanthes lapponica var. ninckei (Guer. and Mang.) Reim. Eucocconeis minuta (Cl.) Cl. Achnanthes flexella (Klitz.) Brun Eunotia arcus Ehr. Eunotia arcus var. bidens Grun. Eunotiaarcus var. fallax Hust. Eunotia curvata (Klitz.) Lagerst. Eunotia diodon Ehr. Eunotia exigua (Breb.) Rabh. Eunotia flexuosa Breb. Eunotia flexuosa var. eurycephala Grun. Eunotia formica Ehr. Eunotia gracilis (Ehr.) Rabh. Eunotia glacialis Meist. Eunotia granulata Ehr. Epithemia turgida var. granulata (Ehr.) Brun Eunotia incisa W.Sm. Eunotia lunaris (Ehr.) Grun. Eunotia curvata (Klitz.) Lagerst. Eunotia lunaris var. excisa Grun. Eunotia curvata (Klitz.) Lagerst. Eunotia major Rabh. Eunotia monodon var. major (W.Sm.) Hust. Eunotia major var. impressa (W.Sm.) Rabh. Eunotia microcephala Krasske Eunotia monodan (Ehr.) W.Sm. [orthographic error?] Eunotia monodon Ehr. Eunotia monodan var. major (W.Sm.) Hust.[orthographic error?] Eunotia monodon var. major (W.Sm.) Hust. Eunotia monodon Ehr. Eunotia monodon var. major (W.Sm.) Hust. Eunotia naegelii Migula Eunotia parallela Ehr. Eunotia pectinalis (0. Mull.) Rabh. Eunotia pectinalis var. minor (Klitz.) Rabh. Eunotia pectinalis var. undulata (Ralfs) Rabh. Eunotia pectinalis var. ventricosa Grun. Eunotia pectinalis fo. minor (Dillwyn) Rabh. Eunotia perpusilla Grun. Eunotia praerupta Ehr. Eunotia praerupta var. bidens (Ehr.) Grun. Eunotia praerupta var. inflata Grun. Eunotia praerupta var. laticeps fo. curta Grun. Eunotia praerupta Ehr. Eunotia pseudolunaris Venkt. Eunotia robusta var. tetraedon (Ehr.) Ralfs Eunotia serra var. diadema (Ehr.) Patr. Eunotia septentrionalis Ｎｲｴｳｾ Eunotia serra Ehr. Eunotia tenella (Grun.) Hust. Eunotia trinacria Krasske Fragilaria acuta Ehr. Fragilaria brevistriata Grun. Fragilaria arcus (Ehr.) Cl. Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. Fragilaria atomus Hust. Fragilaria bicapitata A. Mayer Fragilaria bipunctata Ehr. Fragilaria capucina Desm. Fragilaria brevistriata Grun. Fragilaria brevistriata var. capitate. Herib. Fragilaria brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.) Hust. Fragilaria capucina Desm. Fragilaria capucina var. lanceolata Grun. Fragilaria capucina var. mesolepta Rabh. Fragilaria constricta fo. stricta (A.Cl.) Hust. Fragilaria construens (Ehr.) Grun. Fragilaria construens var. bigibba A.Cl. Fragilaria construens var. binodis (Ehr.) Grun. Fragilaria construens var. binodes (Ehr.) Grun. [orthographic error?] Fragilaria construens var. binodis (Ehr.) Grun. Fragilaria construens var. binodis (Ehr.) Grun. Fragilaria construens var. capitata Herib. Fragilaria construens var. minuta Temp. and M. Perag. Fragilaria construens var. pumila Grun. Fragilaria construens var. subsalina Hust. Fragilaria construens var. venter (Ehr.) Grun. Fragilaria crotenensis Kitton [orthographic error?] Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Fragilaria crotonensis var. oregona Sov. Fragilaria crotonensis var. prolongata Grun. Fragilaria crotonensis var. tenuissima [nom. nud.} Fragilaria entomon Ehr. Fragilaria gracillima A. Mayer Synedra amphicephala var. austriaca (Grun.) Hust. Fragilaria harrisonii Grun. Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust. Fragilaria harrisonii var. dubia Grun. Fragilaria leptostauron var. dubia (Grun.) Hust. Fragilaria harrisonii var. rhombiodes Grun. Fragilaria leptostauron var. rhombiodes (Grun.) Hust. Fragilaria heideni Ｎｲｴｳｾ Fragilaria heideni var. istvanffyi (pant.) Hust. Fragilaria inflata (Heid.) Hust. . Fragilaria heideni Ｎｲｴｳｾ Fragilaria intermedia Grun. Fragilaria intermedia var. continua A.Cl. Fragilaria intermedia var. fallax (Grun.) A.Cl. Fragilaria kriegeriana Krasske Amphipleura kriegeriana (Krasske) Hust. Fragilaria lapponica Grun. Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust. 156 STOERMER and KREIS Fragilaria leptostauron var. dubia (Crun.) Hust. Fragilaria leptostauron var. fossilis (Crun.) Rehakova Fragilaria leptostauron var. rhombiodes (Crun.) Hust. Fragilaria linearis Castracane Fragilariopsis linearis (Castracane) Hust. Fragilaria minuscula Crun. Fragilaria mutabilis Crun. Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. Fragilaria mutabilis var. intercedens W.Sm. Fragilaria pinnata var. intercedens (Crun.) Hust. Fragilaria nitzschioides Crun. Fragilaria pantocsekii var. binodis (Pant.) A.C1. Fragilaria brevistriata var. binodis (Pant.) A.C1. Fragilaria parasitica (W.Sm.) Crun. Synedra parasitica (W.Sm.) Hust. Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. Fragilaria pinnata var. intercedens (Crun.)Hust. Fragilaria pinnata var.lancettula (Schum.) Hust. Fragilaria spinosa Skv. Fragilaria vaucheriae (Klitz.) Peters. Fragilaria vaucheriae var. capitel/ata (Crun.) Patr. Fragilaria vaucheriae var. fal/ax Crun. Fragilaria vaucheriae var. lanceolata A. Mayer Fragilaria vaucheriae var. truncata (Crev.) Crun. Fragilaria virescens Ralfs Fragilaria virescens var.capitata ｾｳｴｲＮ Fragilaria virescens var. mesolepta (Rabh.) Schonf. Fragilaria virescens var. oblongella Crun. Frustulia rhomboides (Ehr.) DeT. Frustulia rhomboides var. amphipleuroides (Crun.) C1. Frustulia rhomboides var. crassineria ＩＮ｢ｾｮｂＨ Ross Frustulia rhomboides var. saxonica (Rabh.) DeT. Frustulia viridula (Breb.) DeT. Frustulia vulgaris (Thw.) DeT. Frustulia vulgaris var. capitata Krasske Frustulia weinholdii Hust. Gallionel/a distans Ehr. Melosira distans (Ehr.) Klitz. Gloeonema paradoxum Ehr. Cymbel/a prostrata (Berk.) C1. Gloeonema triangulatum Ehr. Cymbel/a triangulatum (Ehr.) C1. Gomphoneis eriense (Crun.) Skv. and Meyer Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehr.) C1. Gomphonema abbreviatum Ag. Gomphonema abbreviatum var. inflata Hust. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr. Gomphonema acuminatum var. brebissonii (Klitz.) C1. Gomphonema acuminatum var. coronatum (Ehr.) Rabh. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr. Gomphonema acuminatum var. intermedia Crun. Gomphonema acuminatum var.laticeps Ehr. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr. Gomphonema acuminatum var. pusillum Crun. Gomphonema acuminatum var. pussilum Crun. [orthographic error?] Gomphonema acuminatum var. pusillum Crun. Gomphonema acuminatum var. sphaerophora [nom. illegit.] Gomphonema sphaerophorum Ehr. Gomphonema acuminatum var. trigonocephala (Ehr.) Crun. Gomphonema acuminatum var. turris Ehr. Gomphonema tu"is Ehr. Gomphonema affine var. insigne (Creg.) Andrews Gomphonema americanum Ehr. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr. Gomphonema angustatum (Klitz.) Rabh. Gomphonema angustatum var. obtusatum (Klitz.) V.H. Gomphonema angustatum var. productum Crun. Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus (Creg.) Crun. Gomphonema angustatum var. sarcophagus fo. undulata [nom. illegit.] Gomphonema angustatum var. undulata Crun. Gomphonema angustatum fo. undulata Crun. Gomphonema augur Ehr. Gomphonema bohemicum Reich. and Fricke Gomphonema brasiliense Crun. Gomphonema capitatum Ehr. Gomphonema clevei Fricke Gomphonema consector Hohn and Hellerm. Gomphonema constrictum Ehr. Gomphonema truncatum Ehr. Gomphonema constrictum var. capitata (Ehr.) V.H. Gomphonema truncatum var. capitatum (Ehr.) Patr. Gomphonema coronatum Ehr. Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr. Gomphonema crenulata (Ehr.) Klitz. [nom. nud.j Gomphonema curvatum Klitz. Rhoicosphenia curvata (Klitz.) Crun. . Gomphonema dichotomum Klitz. Gomphonema eriense Crun. Gomphoneis eriense (Crun.) Skv. and Meyer Gomphonema geminata (Lyngb.) Ag. Didymosphaenia geminata (Lyngb.) M. Schmidt Gomphonema gracile Ehr. Gomphonema gracile var. cymbel/oides Crun. Gomphonema gracile var. dicotoma (Klitz.) Crun. Gomphonema gracile var. naviculacea (W.Sm.) C1. Gomphonema grovei M. Schmidt Gomphonema helveticum Brun Gomphonema helveticum var. tenuis Hust. Gomphonema herculeanum Ehr. Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehr.) C1. Gomphonema herculeanum var. robusta Crun. Gomphoneis herculeana var. robusta (Crun.) C1. Gomphonema intricatum Klitz. Gomphonema intricatum var. dichotomum (Klitz.) Crun. Gomphonema intricatum var. fossilis Pant. Gomphonema intricatum var. pumila Crun. Gomphonema intricatum var. vibrio (Ehr.) C1. Gomphonema lanceolatum Ehr. CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Gomphonema lanceolatum var. insignis (Greg.) Cl. Gomphonema laticeps Ehr. Gomphonema lingulatum Hust. Gomphonema longiceps Ehr. Gomphonema longiceps var. montana (Schum.) Cl. Gomphonema montanum Schum. Gomphonema longiceps var. subclavata Grun. Gomphonema longiceps var. subclavata fo. gracilis Hust. Gomphonema longiceps fo. gracilis Hust. Gomphonema manubrium Fricke Gomphonema montanum Schum. Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. Gomphonema olivaceoides var. cochleariformis Mang. Gomphonema olivaceoides var. densestriata Foged Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyngb.) Kutz. Gomphonema olivaceum var. calcarea (Cl.) Cl. Gomphonema olivaceum var. minutissima Hust. Gomphonema olivacium (Lyngb.) Klitz. (orthographic error?) Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyngb.) Kutz. Gomphonema parvulum (Klitz.) Klitz. Gomphonema parvulum var. subelliptica Cl. Gomphonema parvulum var. excelissima Grun. Gomphonema parvulum var. lagenula (Klitz.) Freng. Gomphonema parvulum var. micropus (Klitz.) Cl. Gomphonema quadripunctatum ＩＮｲｴｳｾＨ Wisl. Gomphonema robustum Grun. Gomphonema sarcophagus Greg. Gomphonema semiapertum Grun. Gomphonema sphaerophorum Ehr. Gomphonema subclavata var. mustela (Ehr.) Cl. Gomphonema longiceps Ehr. Gomphonema subclavata fo. gracilis (Hust.) Woodhead and Tweed Gomphonema subclavatum (Grun.) Grun. Gomphonema subtile Ehr. Gomphonema subtile var. sagitta (Schum.) Cl. Gomphonema tergestinum (Grun.) Fricke Gomphonema trigonocephalum Ehr. Gomphonema truncatum Ehr. Gomphonema turgidum Grun. Gomphonema turris Ehr. Gomphonema ventricosum Greg. Gomphonema vibrio Ehr. Gyrosigma acuminatum (Klitz.) Rabh. Gyrosigma attenuatum (Klitz.) Rabh. Gyrosigma exilis (Grun.) Reim. Gyrosigma kuetzingii (Grun.) Cl. Gyrosigma nodiferum (Grun.) Reim. Gyrosigma parkeri (Harrison) Boyer Gyrosigma scalproides (Rabh.) Cl. Gyrosigma sciotense (Sulliv. and Wormley) Cl. Gyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) Griff. and Henfr. Gyrosigma spencerii var. curvula (Grun.) Reim. Gyrosigma spencerii var. nodifera Grun. Gyrosigma strigile (W.Sm.) Cl. Gyrosigma strigilis (W.Sm.) Cl. Gyrosigma temperei Cl. Gyrosigma wormleyi (Sulliv.) Boyer Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. Hannaea arcus var. amphioxys (Rabh.) Patr. Hannaea arcus var. linearis Holmboe Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. Hantzschiaamphioxys var. capitata O. Mull. Hantzschia amphioxys var. vivax (Hantz.) Grun. Homoeocladia sigmoidea (Nitz.) Elmore Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitz.) W.Sm. Lysigonium granulata (Ehr.) Kuntze Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs Lysigonium varians Ag. Melosira varians Ag. Mastogloia braunii Grun. Mastogloia grevillei W.Sm. Mastogloia lacustris (Grun.) V.H. Mastogloia smithii var. lacustris Grun. Mastogloia smithii Thw. Mastogloia smithii var. amphicephala Grun. Mastogloia smithii var. lacustris Grun. Melosira agassizzi Ostenf. Melosira agassizzi var. malayensis Hust. Melosira ambigua (Grun.) O. Mlill. Melosira arenaria Moore Melosira binderana Klitz. Stephanodiscus binderanus (Klitz.) Kreig. Melosira canadensis Hust. Melosira crenulata (Ehr.) Klitz. Melosira crenulata var. tenuis Klitz. Melosira crotonensis (J.W. Bail.) H. L. Sm. Melosira italica (Ehr.) Klitz. Melosira distans (Ehr.) Klitz. Melosira distans var. alpigena Grun. Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs Melosira granulata var. angustissima O. Mlill. Melosira granulata var. angustissima fo. curvata Grun. Melosira granulata var. muzzanensis (Meist.) Bethge Melosira granulata fo. spiralis Grun. Melosira islandica O. Mlill. Melosira islandica subsp. helvetica O. Miill. Melosira islandica-ambigua O. Mull.-(Grun.) O. Mull. [nom. illegit.] Melosira italica (Ehr.) Klitz. Melosira italica var. tenuissima (Grun.) O. Mlill. Melosira italica var. valida Grun. Melosira italica subsp. subarctica O. Mull. Melosira lacustris H.H. Chase [nom. nud.] Melosira longispina Hust. Melosira roseana Rabh. Melosira undulata (Ehr.) Klitz. Melosira undulata var. normanii Am. Melosira varians Ag. 157 158 STOERMER and KREIS Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. Meridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) V.H. Meridion constrictum Ralfs Meridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) V.H. Meridion intermedium H.L. Sm. Meridion intermedium var. constrictum H.L. Sm. Meridion vernale Ag. Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. Microsiphona potamos Weber Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle Navicula aboensis (Cl.) Hust. Navicula absoluta Hust. Navicula acceptata Hust. Navicula accomoda Hust. Navicula affinis Ehr. Navicula aikensis Patr. Navicula ambigua Ehr. Navicula ambigua var. craticularis Ehr. Navicula ambigua Ehr. Navicula americana Ehr. Navicula amphibola var. perrieri Perag. and Herib. Navicula amphibola var. polymorpha Fusey Navicula amphiceros Klitz Navicula rhynchocephala var. amphiceros (Klitz.) Grun Navicula amphigomphus Ehr. Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehr.) A. Mayer Navicula anglica Ralfs Navicula anglica var. signata Hust. Navicula anglica var. subsalsa (Grun.) Cl. Navicula angustata W.Sm. Navicula appendiculata Klitz. Pinnularia appendiculata (Ag.) Cl. Navicula arvensis Hust. Navicula atomus (Klitz.) Grun. Navicula aurora Sov. Navicula bacillaris Greg. Navicula bacilliformis Grun. Navicula bacillum Ehr. Navicula balcanica Hust. Navicula begeri Krasske Navicula bicapitata Lagerst. Navicula bicapitellata Hust. Navicula bicephala Hust. Navicula bicontracta (/)str. Navicula binodis Ehr. Neidium binode (Ehr.) Hust. Navicula brebissonii Klitz. Pinnularia brebissonii (Klitz.) Rabh. Navicula bryophila Peters. Navicula campylogramma Ehr. Scoliopleura campylogramma (Ehr.) Rabh. Navicula canalis Patr. Navicula capitata Ehr. Navicula capitata var. hungarica (Grun.) Ross Navicula capitata var.linearis ((/)str.) comb. nov. Navicula capitata var. luneburgensis (Grun.) Patr. Navicula capsa Hohn Navicula cardinalis Ehr. Pinnularia cardinalis (Ehr.) W.Sm. Navicula cari Ehr. Navicula cari var. angusta Grun. Navicula caroliniana Patr. Navicula cascadensis Sov. Navicula certa Hust. (non Meist. 1934) Navicula splendicula Van Land. Navicula cincta (Ehr.) Ralfs Navicula circumtexta Meist. Navicula citrus Krasske Navicula clamans Hust. Navicula clementis Grun. Navicula clementis var.linearis Brander Navicula clementis var. quadristigmata Mang. Navicula cocconeiformis Greg. Navicula confervacea (Klitz.) Grun. Navicula confervacea var. peregrina (W.Sm.) Grun. Navicula constans var. symmetrica Hust. Navicula contenta Grun. Navicula contenta var. biceps (Am.) Grun. Navicula contraria Patr. Navicula costulata Cl. and Grun. Navicula crucicula (W.Sm.) Donk. Navicula cryptocephala Klitz. Navicula cryptocephala var. intermedia V.H. Navicula cryptocephala var. lancettula (Schum.) Grun. Navicula cryptocephalavar. veneta (Klitz.) Rabh. Navicula cryptocephaloides Hust. Navicula cuspidata (Klitz.) Klitz. Navicula cuspidata var. major Meist. Navicula decussis (/)str. Navicula densestriata Hust. Navicula dicephala Ehr. Navicula dicephala var. abiskonensis (Hust.)A. Cl. Navicula dicephala var. elginensis (Greg.) Cl. Navicula dilata Ehr. Neidium dilatatum (Ehr.) Cl. Navicula diluviana Krasske Cymbella diluviana (Krasske) Florin Navicula disputans Patr. Navicula dissipata Hust. Navicula distinctastriata Hohn and Hellerm. Navicula divergens (W.Sm.) Ralfs Pinnularia divergens W.Sm. Navicula dubia W.Sm. Neidium dubium (Ehr.) Cl. Navicula dulcis Krasske Navicula elegans W.Sm. Navicula elginensis (Greg.) Ralfs Navicula elginensis var.lata (M. Perag.) Patr. Navicula elginensis var. rostrata (A. Mayer) Patr. Navicula elliptica Klitz. Navicula elliptica var. minutissima Grun. Navicula excelsa Krasske Navicula exigua (Greg.) Grun. Navicula exigua var. capitata Patr. Navicula exiguiformis Hust. Navicula exiguoides Hust. CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Navicula exilis Klitz. Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grun.) Ross Navicula explanata Rust. Navicula farta Rust. Navicula festiva Krasske Navicula fracta Rust. Navicula gastriformis Rust. Navicula gastrum (Ehr.) Klitz. Navicula gastrum var. signata Rust. Navicula gibba (Ehr.) Klitz. Pinnularia gibba Ehr. Navicula gibbosa Rust. Navicula globiceps Greg. Pinnularia globiceps Greg. Navicula globosa Meist. Navicula gottlandica Grun. Navicula gracilis Ehr. Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Mull.) Bory Navicula gracilis var. schizonemoides V.R. Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides (V.H.j Patr. Navicula graciloides A. Mayer Navicula gregaria Dank. Navicula grimmei Krasske Navicula gysingensis Foged Navicula halophila (Grun.) C1. Navicula hambergii Rust. Navicula hantzschia [orthographic error?] Navicula hassiaca Krasske Navicula hasta Pant. Navicula helensis Schulz Navicula hemiptera Klitz. Pinnularia hemiptera (Klitz.) Rabh. Navicula heufleri Grun. Navicula heufleri var. leptocephala (Breb.) Patr. Navicula hitchcockii Ehr. Neidium hitchcockii (Ehr.) C1. Navicula hungarica Grun. Navicula capitata var. hungarica (Grun.) Ross Navicula hungarica var. capitata (Ehr.) C1. Navicula capitata Ehr. Navicula hungarica var. linearis Q>str. Navicula capitata var. linearis (Q>str.) comb. nov. Navicula hustedtii fo. obtusa (Rust.) Rust. Navicula imbricata Bock Navicula incerta Grun. Navicula inflata Donk. Navicula inflexa (Greg.) Ralfs Navicula ingenua Rust. Navicula ingrata Krasske Navicula insignita Rust. Navicula insociabilis Krasske Navicula insociabilis var. dissipatoides Rust. Navicula integra (W.Sm.) Ralfs Navicula intractata Rust. Navicula iridis Ehr. Neidium iridis (Ehr.) C1. Navicula iridis var. affinis Ehr. Neidium productum (W.Sm.) C1. 159 Navicula iridis var. amphigomphus Ehr. Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehr.) A. Mayer Navicula iridis var. amphirhynchus Ehr. Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehr.) C1. Navicula iridis var. firma W.Sm. Neidium iridis (Ehr.) C1. Navicula iridis var. producta W.Sm. Neidium productum (W.Sm.) C1. Navicula jaagii Meist. Navicula jaernefeltii Rust. Navicula jentzschii Grun. Navicula kotschyi Grun. Navicula krasskei Rust. Navicula lacunarum Grun. Navicula lacustris Greg. Navicula laevissima Klitz. Navicula ladogensis C1. Neidium ladogense (Cl.) Stoerm. and Yang Navicula Ianceolata (Ag.) Klitz. Navicula lanceolata var. cymbula (Donk.) C1. Navicula latens Krasske Navicula lateropunctata Wallace Navicula laterostrata Rust. Navicula levanderi Rust. Navicula limosa Klitz. Caloneis limosa (Klitz.) Patr. Navicula limosa var. gibberula (Klitz.) Grun. Caloneis limosa var. gibberula (Klitz.) Grun. Navicula limosa var. subinflata Grun. Caloneis limosa var. subinflata Grun. Navicula limosa var. undulata Grun. Caloneis limosa var. undulata Grun. Navicula longa Ralfs Navicula longirostris Rust. Navicula lundstroemii C1. Navicula luzonensis Rust. Navicula major Klitz. Pinnularia major (Klitz.) Rabh. Navicula maxima Greg. Caloneis liber (W. Sm.) C1. Navicula mediocris Krasske Navicula menisculus Schum. Navicula menisculus var. obtusa Rust. Navicula menisculus var. upsaliensis Grun. Navicula mesolepta Ehr. Pinnularia mesolepta (Ehr.) W.Sm. Navicula mesolepta var. ? Ehr. [nom. illegit.] Navicula micropupula ChaIn. Navicula minima Grun. Navicula minima var. okamurae Skv. Navicula minnewaukonensis Elmore Navicula minuscula Grun. Navicula minuscula var. alpestris Rust. Navicula minusculoides Rust. Navicula monoculata Rust. Navicula muraliformis Rust. Navicula muralis Grun. Navicula mutica Klitz. Navicula mutica var. cohnii (Rilse) Grun. 160 STOERMER and KREIS Navicula mutica var. nivalis (Ehr.) Rust. Navicula mutica var. tropica Rust. Navicula mutica var. undulata (Rilse) Grun. Navicula muticoides Rust. Navicula muticopsis V.R. Navicula neoventricosa Rust. Navicula nobilis (Ehr.) Klitz. Pinnularia nobilis (Ehr.) Ehr. Navicula notha Wallace Navicula nyassensis O. Mlill. Navicula nyassensis fa. minor O. MUll. Navicula obdurata Rohn and Rellerm. Navicula oblonga (Klitz.) Klitz. Navicula oblongum var. subcapitata Pant. Navicula odiosa Wallace Navicula oppugnata Rust. Navicula ordinaria Rust. Navicula paanaensis A.CI. Navicula paca Rohn and Rellerm. Navicula paludosa Rust. Navicula parva Ralfs Navicula pelliculosa Rilse Navicula peratomus Rust. Navicula peregrina (Ehr.) Klitz. Navicula permitis Rust. Navicula perpusilla Grun. Navicula perrotettii (Grun.) Cl. Navicula placenta Ehr. Navicula placentula (Ehr.) Klitz. Navicula placentula var. rostrata A. Mayer Navicula platycephala O. Mlill. Navicula platystoma Ehr. Navicula platystoma var. pantocsekii Wils. and Kolbe Navicula potzgeri Reim. Navicula producta W.Sm. Neidium productum (W.Sm.) Cl. Navicula protracta (Grun.) Cl. Navicula protracta var. elliptica Gallik Navicula protracta fa. subcapitata (Wils. and Par.) Rust. Navicula pseudobacillum Grun. Navicula pseudoclementis Rust. Navicula pseudoreinhardtii Patr. Navicula pseudoscutiformis Rust. Navicula pseudoventralis Rust. Navicula punctata Dank. Navicula pupula Klitz. Navicula pupula var. aquaeductae (Krasske) Rust. Navicula pupula var. bacillariodes Grun. Navicula pupula var. capitata Rust. Navicula pupula var. elliptica Rust. Navicula pupula var. mutata (Krasske) Rust. Navicula pupula var. rectangularis (Greg.) Cl. Navicula pupula var. rostrata Rust. Navicula pusilla W.Sm. Navicula pygmaea Klitz. Navicula pygmaea var. producta [nom. nud.] Navicula quadripartita Rust. Navicula radiosa Klitz. Navicula radiosa var. intermedia [nom. nud.] Navicula radiosa var. parva Wallace Navicula radiosa var. tenella (Breb.) Cl. and Moll. Navicula recondita Torka Navicula reinhardtii Grun. Navicula reinhardtii var. elliptica Rerib. Navicula rhomboides Grun. Navicula rhynchocephala Klitz. Navicula rhynchocephala var. amphiceros (Klitz.) Grun. Navicula rhynchocephala var. germainii (Wallace) Patr. Navicula rhyncocephala Klitz. [orthographic error?] Navicula rhynchocephala Klitz. Navicula rostellataKlitz. Navicula rotaeana (Rabh.) Grun. Navicula vanheurckii Patr. Navicula rotaeana var. excentrica Grun. Navicula vanheurckii Patr. Navicula rotunda Rust. Navicula sabiniana Patr. Navicula salinarum Grun. Navicula salinarum var. intermedia (Grun.) Cl. Navicula saugerii Desm. Navicula schmassmannii Rust. Navicula schoenfeldii Rust. Navicula schroeteri var. escambia Patr. Navicula schumanniana Grun. Caloneis limosa (Klitz.) Patr. Navicula sculpta Ehr. Amomoeoneis sphaerophora var. sculpta (Ehr.) O. MUll. Navicula scutelloides W.Sm. Navicula scutiformis Grun. Navicula secreta Pant. Navicula secura Patr. Navicula semenoides Rust. Navicula seminuloides Rust. Navicula seminulum Grun. Navicula seminulum var. intermedia Rust. Navicula serians Klitz. Anomoeoneis serians (Breb.) Cl. Navicula sigma Ehr. Navicula similis Krasske Navicula simplex Krasske Navicula skabitschewskyi Sabelina Navicula smithii Breb. Diploneis smithii (Breb.) Cl. Navicula sovereignae Rust. Navicula sphaerophora Klitz. Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Klitz.) Pfitz. Navicula staurifera Thomas Navicula stauroptera var. parva (Ehr.) Grun. Navicula stroemii Rust. Navicula stroesei ＩＮｲｴｳｾＨ Cl. Navicula subclementis Rust. Navicula subcostulata Rust. Navicula subhalophila Rust. Navicula subhamulata Grun. Navicula subhamulata var. undulata Rust. Navicula submuralis Rust. Navicula subocculta Rust. CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Navicula subrhynchocephala Hust. Navicula subrotundata Hust. Navicula subseminulum Hust. Navicula subsulcata Hust. Navicula subtilissima Cl. Navicula symmetrica Patr. Navicula tabellaria Ehr. Pinnularia tabellaria Ehr. Navicula tantula Hust. Navicula tecta Krasske Navicula tenella (Breb.) V.H. Navicula radiosa var. tenella (Breb.) Cl. and Moll. Navicula termes Ehr. Pinnularia termes Ehr. Navicula terminata Hust. Navicula texana Patr. Navicula tridentula Krasske Navicula tridentula var. parallela Krasske Navicula trinodis Lewis Caloneis lamella Zakrz. Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Mull.) Bory Navicula tripunctata var. cuneata (Lauby) Stoerm. and Yang Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides (V.H.) Patr. Navicula trochus Schum. (non. Ehr. 1938) Caloneis limosa (Klitz.) Patr. Navicula tumida W.Sm. (non. Breb. in Kiitz. 1849) Navicula anglica Ralfs Navicula tuscula Ehr. Navicula tuscula fo. minor Hust. Navicula tuscula fo. obtusa (Hust.) Hust. Navicula tuscula fo. rostrata Hust. Navicula vanheurckii Patr. Navicula varians Greg. Navicula variostriata Krasske Navicula ventosa Hust. Navicula ventralis Krasske Navicula ventralis fo. simplex Hust. Navicula verecunda Hust. Navicula viridis (Nitz.) Ehr. Navicula viridula (Klitz.) Ehr. Navicula viridula var. avenacea (Breb.) V.H. Navicula viridula var. linearis Hust. Navicula viridula var. rostellata (Klitz.) Cl. Navicula viridula var. tenella [orthographic error?] Navicula vitabunda Hust. Navicula vulpina Kiitz. Navicula wittrockii (Lagerst.) Temp. and M. Perag. Navicula zanoni Hust. Neidium affine (Ehr.) Pfitz. Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium affine var. ceylonicum (Skv.) Reim. Neidium affine var. hankense (Skv.) Reim. Neidium affine var. humerns Reim. Neidium affine var. undulatum (Grun.) Cl. Neidium amphigomphus (Ehr.) Pfitz. Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehr.) A. Mayer Neidium apiculatum Reim. Neidium binode (Ehr.) Hust. 161 Neidium bisulcatum (Lagerst.) Cl. Neidium bisulcatum var. baicalense (Skv. and Meyer) Reim. Neidium calvum (>str. Neidium distincte-punctatum Hust. Neidium dubium (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium dubium fo. constrictum Hust. Neidium hitchcockii (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium iridis (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehr.) A. Mayer Neidium iridis var. amplicata (Ehr.) Cl. [orthographic error?] Neidium iridis var. ampliatum (Ehr.) Cl. Neidium iridis var. vernalis Reich. Neidium kozolwi Meresch. Neidium kozlowi var. baicalensis fo. robusta Stoerm. Neidium ladogense (Cl.) Stoerm. and Yang Neidium productum (W.Sm.) Cl. Neidium sacoense Reim. Neidium temperei Reim. Nitzschia accomodata Hust. Nitzschia acicularioides Hust. Nitzschia spiculum Hust. Nitzschia acicularis (Klitz.) W.Sm. Nitzschia actinastroides (Lemm.) Van Goor Nitzschia acuminata (W.sm.) Grun. Nitzschia acuta Hantz. Nitzschia agnewii Choln. Nitzschia amphibia Grun. Nitzschia amphibia var. fossilis Grun. Nitzschia amphicephala Grun. Nitzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) W.Sm. Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. Nitzschia angustata (W.Sm.) Grun. Nitzschia angustata var. acuta Grun. Nitzschia apiculata (Greg.) Grun. Nitzschia bacata Hust. Nitzschia bacata fo. linearis Hust. Nitzschia bulnheimiana (Rabh.) H.L.Sm. Nitzschia capitellata Hust. Nitzschia clausii Hantz. Nitzschia closterium (Ehr.) W.Sm. Nitzschia communis Rabh. Nitzschia commutata Grun. Nitzschia confinis Hust. Nitzschia delicatissima Cl. Psuedonitzschia delicatissima (Cl.) Heid. Nitzschia denticula Grun. Nitzschia diserta Hust. Nitzschia dissidua [orthographic error?] Nitzschia dissipata (Klitz.) Grun. Nitzschia dissipata var. borneensis Hust. Nitzschia dissipata var. media Grun. Nitzschia dubia W.Sm. Nitzschia elegens Hust. Nitzschia epiphytica Hust. Nitzschia epiphyticoides Hust. Nitzschia fasciculata Grun. Nitzschia filiformis (W.Sm.) Schutt 162 STOERMER and KREIS Nitzschia flexa Schum. Nitzschiafluminenesis Crun. Nitzschia fonticola Crun. Nitzschia fonticola var. capitata A.Cl. Nitzschia fonticola vaT. pelagica Hust. Nitzschia fonticoloides Sov. Nitzschia frustulum (Klitz.) Crun. Nitzschia frustulum var. perminuta Crun. Nitzschia frustulum var. perpusilla (Rabh.) Crun. Nitzschia frustulum var. subsalina Hust. Nitzschia frustulum vaT. tenella Crun. Nitzschia gandersheimiensis Krasske Nitzschia gracilis Hantz. Nitzschia hantzschiana Rabh. Nitzschia heufleuriana Crun. Nitzschia holsatica Hust. Nitzschia hungarica Crun. Nitzschia ignorata Krasske Nitzschia insecta Hust. Nitzschia intermedia Hantz. Nitzschia interrupta (Reich.) Hust. Nitzschia kuetzingiana HUse Nitzschia kuetzingiana vaT. exilis Grun. Nitzschia lacunarum Hust. Nitzschia lanceolatae [orthographic error?] Nitzschia laurenburgiana Hust. [orthographic error?] Nitzschia lauenburgiana Hust. Nitzschia linearis (Ag.) W.Sm. Nitzschia linearis var. tenuis (Klitz.) Crun. Nitzschia liskipata [orthographic error?] Nitzschia longissima (Breb.) Ralfs Nitzschia longissima var. closterium (W.Sm.) V.H. Nitzschia longissima var. reversa Crun. Nitzschia longissima fo. parva Crun. Nitzschia lorenziana Crun. Nitzschia luzonensis Hust. Nitzschia macilenta Creg. Nitzschia mediocris Hust. Nitzschia microcephala Crun. Nitzschia obsidialis Hust. Nitzschia obtusa W.Sm. Nitzschia obtusa var. scalpelliformis Crun. Nitzschia palea (Klitz.) W.Sm. Nitzschia palea vaT. sumatrana Hust. Nitzschia palea var. tenuirostris Crun. Nitzschia paleacea Crun. Nitzschia paradoxa (Cmelin) Crun. Bacillaria paxillifer (O.F. MUll.) Hendy Nitzschia paradoza [orthographic error?] Nitzschia parvula W.Sm. Nitzschia pseudoamphioxys Hust. Nitzschia recta Hantz. Nitzschia romana Crun. Nitzschia scalaris (Ehr.) W.Sm. Nitzschia sicula var. migrans (Cl.) Hasle Nitzschia sigma (Klitz.) W.Sm. Nitzschia sigma var. diminuta Crun. Nitzschia sigma vaT. sigmatella (Creg.) Cran. Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitz.) W.Sm. Nitzschia sinuata W.Sm. Nitzschia sinuata vaT. tabellaria (Crun.) Crun. Nitzschia sphaerophora A.Cl. Nitzschia spiculoides Hust. Nitzschia stagnorum Rabh. Nitzschia subacicularis Hust. Nitzschia subamphioxoides Hust. Nitzschia sublinearis Hust. Nitzschia subrostrata Hust. Nitzschia subtilis (Klitz.) Crun. Nitzschia subtilis vaT. paleacea Crun. Nitzschia paleacea Crun. Nitzschia tabellaria Crun. Nitzschia sinuata var. tabellaria (Crun.) Crun. Nitzschia tarda Hust. Nitzschia tenuis W.Sm. Nitzschia thermalis (Ehr.) Auersw. Nitzschia thermalis var. intermedia Crun. Nitzschia thermalis var. minor HUse Nitzschia tropica Hust. Nitzschia tryblionella Hantz. Nitzschia tryblionella var. debilis (Am.) A. Mayer Nitzschia tryblionella var.levidensis (W.Sm.) Crun. Nitzschia tryblionella var. victoriae Crun. Nitzschia vermicularis (Klitz.) Crun. Nitzschia vexans Crun. Nitzschia vitrea Norman Nitzschia woltereckii Hust. Odontidium hymale [orthographic error?] Diatoma hiemale (Roth) Heib. Odontidium mutabile W.Sm. Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. Oestrupia zachariasi (Reich.) Stoerrn. and Yang Oestrupia zachariasi var. undulata (Schultz) Stoerrn. and Yang Opephora ansata Hohn and Hellerm. Opephora martyi Herib . Opephora pinnata Ehr. Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. Orthosira dickiei Thw. Melosira dickiei (Thw.) Klitz. Pinnularia abaujensis (Pant.) Ross Pinnularia abaujensis var. linearis (Hust.) Patr. Pinnularia abaujensis var. subundulata (A. Mayer) Patr. Pinnularia acrosphaeria W.Sm. Pinnularia amphioxys Ehr. Pinnularia biceps Creg. Pinnularia biceps fo. petersenii Ross Pinnularia borealis Ehr. Pinnularia borealis var. rectangularis Carlson Pinnularia brandelii Cl. Pinnularia brannii (Crun.) Cl. Pinnularia braunii var. amphicephala (A. Mayer) Hust. Pinnularia braunii var. amphipalor [nom. nud.] Pinnularia brebissonii (Klitz.) Rabh. Pinnularia brebissonii vaT. diminuta (Crun.) Cl. CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Pinnularia brevicostata C1. Pinnularia burkii Patr. Pinnularia cardinaliculus Cl. Pinnularia cardinalis (Ehr.) W.Sm. Pinnularia cocconeis Ehr. Pinnularia dactylus Ehr. Pinnularia distinguenda C1. Pinnularia divergens W.sm. Pinnularia divergens var. badllaris (M. Perag.) Mills Pinnularia divergens var. elliptica (Grun.) CI. Pinnularia fasciata Lagerst. Pinnularia gentilis (Donk.) C1. Pinnularia gibba Ehr. Pinnularia gibba var. linearis Hust. Pinnularia gibba var. parva (Ehr.) Grun. Pinnulariagibba fo. subundulata A. Mayer Pinnularia globiceps Greg. Pinnularia globiceps var. krockii (Grun.) C1. Pinnularia hemiptera Rabh. Pinnularia intermedia (Lagerst.) C1. Pinnularia interrupta W.Sm. Pinnularia interrupta var. crassior (Grun.) CI. Pinnularia latevittata var. domingensis C1. Pinnularia legumen (Ehr.) Ehr. Pinnularia leptosoma (Grun.) CI. Pinnularia leptosoma fo. erlangensis A. Mayer Pinnularia major (Klitz.) Rabh. Pinnularia mesolepta (Ehr.) W.Sm. Pinnularia microstauron (Ehr.) C1. Pinnularia microstauron var. biundulata O. Mlill. Pinnularia moralis (Grun.) C1. Pinnularia nobilis Ehr. W. Sm. Pinnularia nodosa (Ehr.) W. Sm. Pinnularia obscura Krasske Pinnularia radiosa W.Sm. Pinnularia rupestris Hantz. Pinnularia ruttneri Hust. Pinnularia semicruciata A.CI. Pinnularia socialis (T .C. Palm.) Hust. Pinnularia stomatophora (Grun.) Cl. Pinnularia subcapitata Greg. Pinnularia subcapitata var. paucistriata (Grun.) C1. Pinnularia subrostrata A.C1. Pinnularia substomatophora Hust. Pinnularia sudetica HUse Pinnularia tabellaria Ehr. Pinnularia tenuis Greg. Pinnularia tenuis var. interrupta (Font.) A. C1. Pinnularia termitina (Ehr.) Patr. Pinnularia tibetana Hust. Pinnularia torta (Mann) Patr. Pinnularia trigonocephala Cl. Pinnularia undulata Greg. Pinnularia undulata var. subundulata Grun. Pinnularia viridis (Nitz.) Ehr. Pinnularia viridis var. commutata (Grun.) CI. Pleurosigma acuminatum (KUtz.) Gron. Gyrosigma acuminatum (Klitz.) Rabh. 163 Pleurosigma attenuatum W.Sm. Gyrosigma attenuatum (Klitz.) Rabh. Pleurosigma delicatulum W.Sm. Pleurosigma eximium (Thw.) C1. and Grun. Gyrosigma eximium (Thw.) Boyer Pleurosigma kuetzingii Grun. Gyrosigma kuetzingii (Grun.) C1. Pleurosigma obscurum W.Sm. Gyrosigma obscurum (W.Sm.) Griff. and Henfr. Pleurosigma sciotense Sulliv. Gyrosigma sciotense (Sulliv. and Wormley) Cl. Pleurosigma spencerii Grun. Gyrosigma spencerii (Quek.) Griff. and Henfr. Pleurosigma spencerii var. minor Grun. [nom. nud.] Pleurosigma wormleyi Sulliv. Gyrosigma wormleyi (Sulliv.) Boyer Pseudoeunotia lunaris Ehr. Rhizosolenia eriense H. L. Sm. Rhizosolenia eriensis H.L. Sm. Rhizosolenia eriensis H.L. Sm. Rhizosolenia gracilis H.L. Sm. Rhizosolenia longiseta Zach. Rhoicosphenia curvata (Klitz.) Grun. Rhoicosphenia curvata var. subacuta M. Schmidt Rhopalodia argus W.Sm. Rhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) O. Mlill. Rhopalodia gibba var. ventricosa (Klitz.) H. Perag. and M. Perag. Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehr.) O. Mlill. Rhopalodia parallel (Grun.) O. MUll. [orthographic error?] Rhopalodia parallela (Gron.) O. Mlill. Rhopalodia parallela (Grun.) O. Mlill. Rouxia californica var. minuta A. C1. Schizonema viridulum Breb. Frustulia torfacea Braun. Schizonema vulgare Thw. Frustulia vulgaris (Thw.) Cl. Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cl. Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle Skeletonema subsalsum (A. C1.) Bethge Sphinctocystis elliptica (Klitz.) Kuntze Cymatopleura elliptica (Breb. and Godey) W.Sm. Sphinctocystis librilis (Ehr.) Hass. Cymatopleura solea (Breb. and Godey) W.Sm. Stauroneis acuta W.Sm. Stauroneis acutiuscula M. Perag. and Herib. Stauroneis agrestis Peters. Stauroneis alabamae Heid. Stauroneis amphioxys Greg. Stauroneis anceps Ehr. 164 STOERMER and KREIS Stauroneis anceps var. americana Reim. Stauroneis anceps var. hyalina Brun. and M. Perag. Stauroneis anceps var. siberica Grun. Stauroneis anceps fo. gracilis Rabh. Stauroneis anceps fo. linearis (Ehr.) Hust. Stauroneis dilatata Ehr. Stauroneis dilatata fo. baicalensis Skv. and Meyer Stauroneis fluminea Patr. and Freese Stauroneis gracilis Ehr. Stauroneis gregorii Ralfs Stauroneis amphioxys Greg. Stauroneis kriegeri Patr. Stauroneis kriegeri fo. undulata Hust. Stauroneis lauenburgiana Hust. Stauroneis linearis Ehr. Stauroneis livingstonii Reim. Stauroneis nobilis var. baconiana (Stodd.) Reim. Stauroneis obtusa Lagerst. Stauroneis phoenicenteron (Nitz.) Ehr. Stauroneis phoenicenteron var. brevis Dippel Stauroneis phoenicenteron fo. gracilis (Ehr.) Hust. Stauroneis phoenicenteron fo. lanceolata (Klitz.) Brun Stauroneis phylloides Ehr. Stauroneis producta Grun. Stauroneis semen Ehr. Navicula semen Ehr. Stauroneis smithii Grun. Stauroneis smithii var. incisa Patr. Stauroneis smithii var. minima Haworth Stauroneis stodderi Greenleaf Staurosira brevistriata Grun. Fragilaria brevistriata Grun. Staurosira capucina Borzsc. Fragilaria capucina Desm. Staurosira entomon Ehr. Staurosira mutabilis (W.Sm.) Grun. Fragilaria pinnata var. intercedens Grun. Stenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) Fricke Stephanodiscus alpinus Hust. Stephanodiscus astraea (Ehr.) Grun. Stephanodiscus astraea var. intermedia Fricke Stephanodiscus astraea var. minutula Grun. Stephanodiscus astraea var. minutulus (Klitz.) Grun. Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kutz) Kreig. Stephanodiscus binderanus var. oestrupii (A. Cl.) A. Cl. Stephanodiscus carconensis Grun. Stephanodiscus carconensis var. pusilla Grun. Stephanodiscus dubius (Fricke) Hust. Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. Stephanodiscus hantzschii var. pusilla Grun. Stephanodiscus hantzschii vel. tenius [nom. illegit.] Stephanodiscus invisitatus Hohn and Hellerm. Stephanodiscus kutzingiana [nom. nud.] Stephanodiscus minutus Grun. Stephanodiscus niagara Ehr. [orthographic error?] Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehr. Stephanodiscus niagarae Ehr. Stephanodiscus niagarae var. magnifica Fricke Stephanodiscus rotula (Klitz.) Hendey Stephanodiscus rotula var. minutula (Klitz.) Grun. Stephanodiscus subsalsus (A.Cl.) Hust. Skeletonema subsalsum (A.Cl.) Bethge Stephanodiscus subtilis (Van Goor) A. Cl. Stephanodiscus tenuis Hust. Stephanodiscus transilvanicus Pant. Striatella fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kuntze Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Klitz. Striatella flocculosa (Roth) Kuntze Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Klitz. Surirella amphioxys W.Sm. Surirella bisseriata var. bifrons fo. amphioxys (W.Sm.) Hust. Surirella anceps Lewis Stenopterobia anceps (Lewis) Breb. Surirella angusta Klitz. Surirella angustata Klitz. [orthographic error?] Surirella angusta Klitz. Surirella apiculata W.Sm. Surirella bifrons Ehr. Surirella biseriata var. bifrons (Ehr.) Hust. Surirella birostrata Hust. Surirella biseriata Breb. and Godey Surirella biseriata var. bifrons (Ehr.) Hust. Surirella biseriata var. diminuta A.C!. Surirella cardinalis Kitton Surirella delicatissima Lewis Surirella didyma Klitz. Surirella elegans Ehr. Surirella gracilis (W.Sm.) Grun. Surirella guatemalensis Ehr. Surirella lagerheimii Cl. Surirella librile Ehr. Cymatopleura solea (Breb. and Godey) W.Sm. Surirella linearis W.Sm. Surirella linearis var. constricta (Ehr.) Grun. Surirella linearis var. helvetica (Brun) Meist. Surirella minuta Breb. Surirella molleriana Grun. Surirella norvegica Eulenst. Surirella oregonica Ehr. Surirella ovalis Breb. Surirella ovalis var. minuta V.H. Surirella minuta Breb. Surirella ovalis var. pinnata W.Sm. [orthographic error?] Surirella ovata var. pinnata (W.Sm.) Rabh. Surirella ovata Klitz. Surirella ovata var. crumena (W.Sm.) Hust. Surirella ovata var. pinnata (W.Sm.) Rabh. Surirella ovata var. salina (W.Sm.) Rabh. Surirella panduriformis W.Sm. Surirella robusta Ehr. Surirella robusta var. splendida (Ehr.) V.H. Surirella robustior MacKay CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Surirella saxonica Auersw. Surirella sigmoidea Ehr. Surirella spiralis Klitz. Surirella splendida Ehr. Surirella striata Leud-Fortm. Surirella striatula Turp. Surirella suevica Zeller Surirella tenera Greg. Surirella tenera var. nervosa A.S. Surirella tenuissima Hust. Surirella turgida W.Sm. Surirella undulata Ehr. Synedra actinastroides Lemm. Nitzschia actinastroides (Lemm.) Van Goor Synedra acus Klitz. Synedra acus var. angustissima Grun. Synedra acus var. radians (Klitz.) Hust. Synedra affinis Klitz. Synedra fasciculata (Ag.) Klitz. Synedra amphicephala Klitz. Synedra amphicephala var. austrica (Grun.) Hust. Synedra capitata Ehr. Synedra capitata var. fossilis / nom. nud.] Synedra capucina / nom. illegit.] Fragilaria capucina Desm. Synedra chaseii Thomas Synedra ulna var. chaseana Thomas Synedra crotonensis Grun. Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton Synedra crotonensis var. prolongata Grun. Fragilaria crotonensis var. prolongata Grun. Synedra cyclopum Brutschy Synedra danica Klitz. Synedra ulna var. danica (Klitz.) V.H. Synedra delicatissima W.sm. Synedra delicatissima var. angustissima Grun. Synedra demerarae Grun. Synedra elongatum /nom. nud.] Synedra familica Klitz. Synedra fasciculata (Ag.) Klitz. Synedra fasciculata var. truncata (Grev.) Patr. Synedra filiformis Grun. Synedra flliformis var. exilis A.Cl. Synedra gail/onii (Bory) Ehr. Synedra goulardi Breb. Synedra hyperborea Grun. Synedra hyperborea var. rostellata Grun. Synedra incisa Boyer Synedra laevigata Grun. Synedra Ian ceolata Klitz. Synedra ulna (Nitz.) Ehr. Synedra longiceps Ehr. Synedra longissima W.Sm. Synedra lunaris Ehr. Eunotia lunaris (Ehr.) C1. Synedra menisculus [orthographic error?] Synedra minuscula Grun. Synedra minuscula Grun. 165 Synedra montana Krasske Terpsinoe musica Ehr. Tetracyclus rupestris (A. Br.) Grun. Thalassiosira fluviatilis Hust. Thalassiosira weisfloggii (Grun.) Fryxell and Hasle Thalassiosira levanderi Van Goor Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle and Heim. Thalassiosira visurgis Hust. Tropidoneis lepidoptera (Greg.) C1. Plagiotropis lepidoptera (Greg.) Reim. Tropidoneis lepidoptera var. proboscidea C1. Plagiotropis lepidoptera var. proboscidea (C1.) Reim. Tryblionella levidensis W.Sm. Nitzschia tryblionella var.levidensis (W.Sm.) Grun. Tryblionella scutellum (Bail.) W.Sm. Nitzschia circumsuta (Bail.) Grun. DISCUSSION The list, in its present form, is known to be considerably less than complete. Files at the Great Lakes Research Division presently contain over 200 morphologically distinct entities which have not been identified with described taxa. It is probable that other regional laboratories contain similar records. Some time will elapse before all entities presently discovered are formally published. There are also extensive areas of the Great Lakes, particularly benthic habitats, which have never been sampled. In view of the extremely diverse floras found in benthic habitats which have been investigated (Stoermer 1975) it is probable that many taxa present have not yet been discovered. Although we have attempted to survey the published literature as completely as possible, it is likely that we have omitted some published records. This is especially true of the extensive report literature which has developed in recent years. We would appreciate being informed of such omissions, particularly if the reports can be documented with specimens, so that they may be incorporated in future versions of the checklist. We have not been able to verify all records contained in the list. While this would be highly desirable, the effort involved is beyond our presently available means. Voucher specimens are available for all entities reported by this laboratory and we would be pleased to receive vouchers for entities reported by other investigators. The pre- 166 STOERMER and KREIS sent list contains several records which we suspect are based on misidentifications and their inclusion should not be construed as validated distribution records. There are presently very serious problems in nomenclature associated with most major diatom genera. Although we have attempted to note most of the obvious synonyms which occur on the list, many problems remain which could only be satisfactorily resolved by revision of the genera involved. In indicating synonymy, we have relied rather heavily on Patrick and Reimer (1966, 1975) and Van Landingham (1967-1975). In many cases these authors are not in agreement on some of the more difficult taxonomic and nomenclatorial problems associated with taxa reported from the Great Lakes and their conclusions are not necessarily the same as we would draw on the basis of Great Lakes populations we have observed. They are, although both still incomplete, the most comprehensive and readily available modem sources and most of their opinions have been incorporated since full review of all systematic problems involved is beyond the scope of the present work. A discouragingly large number of nomina nuda and orthographic errors occur among the epithets attached to diatoms found in the Great Lakes. Due to the lack of definitive systematic treatments, some of these errors have been widely perpetuated. We have attempted to note these on the list, but have not made technical orthographic corrections in widely accepted names. A potentially more serious problem is the fact that many names applied to diatoms in the Great Lakes have been given without indication of authority. It is thus entirely possible that some names on the list are based on later homonyms, which are unfortunately common in the diatom literature. In cases where the reporting author did not cite authorities, we have assumed correct application of the name and supplied the commonly accepted authorities. There are also a large number of cases of apparent misattribution of valid and commonly accepted names. In cases where the same taxon has been reported by other authors with correct attribution this is given on the list. In cases where the apparently misattributed name constitutes the only report, the reporting author's attribution has been preserved since it may eventually furnish clues to the verification or rejection of the report. In compiling this report it became apparent that a great deal of potentially valuable phytogeographic and autecological information is presently being lost in studies which treat with diatom populations in the Great Lakes. While the most desirable solution to this problem lies in placing definitive systematic treatments in the hands of all investigators, it is doubtful that this will be accomplished in the near future. This information could be preserved, however, if all investigators would simply follow good taxonomic practice and deposit voucher collections in permanent repositories where they would be available for future review. This is especially critical in the case of studies which purport to document present conditions as a baseline. In the case of diatoms there are no appreciable technical problems with permanent preservation of samples and associated costs are trivial. Since some of the most informative studies (e.g. Hohn 1969) of long term biotic changes in the Great Lakes have resulted from analysis of historic samples, this practice should be encouraged. We would appreciate receiving additions or corrections to the present list and will plan to publish revised versions as additional information becomes available. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Work leading to this publication has been supported by a series of grants from the Environmental Protection Agency to the senior author. We would like to especially acknowledge Grant No. R-803037 which supported investigation of previously little explored benthic communities in the upper lakes and resulted in a substantial expansion of the known flora. Compilation, revision and publication of this work was supported by U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant No. 04-7-022-44011. Numerous individuals in the Great Lakes Research community have provided us with information and encouragement. We would especially acknowledge the efforts of Dr. J. Gannon, Dr. M. Munawar, and Dr. A. Robertson to encourage improvement of the systematic data base available for the Great Lakes. We are also pleased to acknowledge the help we have received from Dr. Ruth Patrick and Dr. Charles Reimer of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in accessing the uniquely valuable historic collections from the Great Lakes held by that institution. Several past and present employees of the Great Lakes Research Division have made substantial contributions to the list presented here. We would like to particularly recognize those of Mrs. J. J. CHECKLIST OF DIATOMS Yang, who made many original discoveries, and Mr. Ted Ladewski, who developed the FIDO system and helped in compiling the list for publication. 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Water Res., Tech. Rept. No. 32.6. Duthie, H. C. and Sreenivasa, M. R. 1971. Evidence for Eutrophication of Lake Ontario from the Sedimentary Diatom Succession. In: Proc. 14th Cont. Great Lakes Res., Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., pp. 1-13. _ _ _". and . 1972. The Distribution of Diatoms on the Superficial Sediments of Lake Ontario. In: Proc. 15th Cont. Great Lakes Res., Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., pp. 45-52. Eddy, S. 1927. The plankton of Lake Michigan. Illinois Nat. Rist. Surv., Bull. 17:203-232. Ehrenberg, C. G. 1845. Neue Untersuchungen Uber das Kleinste Leben a1s geologisches Moment. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Ber., 1845:53-88. _ _--c. 1854-1856. lur Mikrogeo1ogie, das Erden und Fe1sen schaffende Wirken des unsichtbar kleinen se1bststadigen Lebens auf der Erde. Texte, 374 pp. (1854); Atlas, 40 pIs. (1854); Fortsetz., 88 pp. (1856). Environmental Control Technology Corporation. 1974. Water Pollution Investigation: Detroit and St. Clair Rivers. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency No. 68-01-1570. LITERATURE 168 STOERMER and KREIS Flores, M. G. and Barbour, M. 1974. Periphyton study. In: Operational Environmental Monitoring in Lake Michigan near Zion Station July 1973-December 1973, Vol. I, pp. 153-231. Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, IL. Fox, J. L., Olson, T. A., and Odlaug, T. O. 1967. The Collection, Identification, and Quantitation of Epilithic Periphyton in Lake Superior. In: Froc. 10th Conf. Great Lakes Res., Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., pp.12-19. _ _ _., Odlaug, T. 0., and Olson, T. A. 1969. The ecology of periphyton in western Lake Superior. Part I: Taxonomy and distribution. Univ. Minn., Water Res. Res. Center, Bull. 14. Gottschall, R. Y. and Jennings, O. E. 1933. Limnological Studies at Erie, Pa. Trans Am. Microsc. Soc. 52(3): 181-191. Hasle, G. R and Evensen, D. L. 1975. Brackish-water and freshwater species of the diatom genus Skeletonema Grev. I. Skeletonema subsalsum (A. Cleve) Bethge. _ _ _" and . 1976. Brackish water and freshwater species of the diatom genus Skeletonema. II. Skeletonema potamos comb. nov. J. Phycol. 12(1): 73-82. Hohn, M. H. 1951. A Study of the Distribution of Diatoms (Bacillarieae) in Western New York State. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., Memoir 308:1-39. _-:-__. 1969. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of plankton diatoms, Bass Island area, Lake Erie, 19381965. Bull. Ohio BioI. Surv. 3. 211 pp. Holland, R. E. 1965. The distribution and abundance of planktonic diatoms in Lake Superior. In: Froc. 8th Conf. Great Lakes Res. Univ. Mich., Great Lakes Res. Div., Publ. 13, pp. 96-105. Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc. 1972. Environmental Monitoring in Lake Michigan near Zion and Waukegan Generating Stations January 1972 through December 1972, vol. II, pp. 1-148. Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, IL. 1975. 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