Catalogue of Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Brazilian Porifera GUILHERME MURICY • DANIELA A. LOPES • EDUARDO HAJDU MARIANA DE S. CARVALHO • FERNANDO C. MORAES MICHELLE KLAUTAU • CARLA MENEGOLA • ULISSES PINHEIRO 1 CATALOGUE OF BRAZILIAN PORIFERA MUSEU NACIONAL SÉRIE LIVROS 46 CATALOGUE OF BRAZILIAN PORIFERA GUILHERME MURICY*, DANIELA A. LOPES, EDUARDO HAJDU, MARIANA DE S. CARVALHO, FERNANDO C. MORAES Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. MICHELLE KLAUTAU Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. CARLA MENEGOLA Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. ULISSES PINHEIRO Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. * Author for correspondence. E-mail address: muricy@mn.ufrj.br This catalogue is dedicated to Dr. Solange Peixinho (in memoriam). Rio de Janeiro Museu Nacional 2011 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Reitor – Aloísio Teixeira Museu Nacional Diretora – Cláudia Rodrigues Ferreira de Carvalho Comissão de Publicações do Museu Nacional Editores – Miguel Angel Monné Barrios e Ulisses Caramaschi. Editores de Área – Adriano Brilhante Kury, Ciro Alexandre Ávila, Claudia Petean Bove, Débora de Oliveira Pires, Guilherme Ramos da Silva Muricy, Izabel Cristina Alves Dias, João Alves de Oliveira, João Wagner de Alencar, Castro, Marcela Laura Monné Freire, Marcelo de Araújo Carvalho, Marcos Raposo, Maria Dulce Barcellos Gaspar de Oliveira, Marília Lopes da Costa Facó Soares, Rita Scheel Ybert e Vânia Gonçalves Lourenço Esteves. Normalização – Edson Vargas da Silva e Leandra Pereira de Oliveira. Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera © 2011 Guilherme Muricy, Daniela Lopes, Eduardo Hajdu, Mariana S. Carvalho, Fernando C. Moraes, Michelle Klautau, Carla Menegola & Ulisses Pinheiro. Capa – Algumas esponjas marinhas do Brasil. Fotografias: Guilherme Muricy. Contracapa – Heteromeyenia cristalina, uma esponja de água doce. Fotografia: Ulisses Pinheiro. Design e Diagramação – Beatriz Reis Custódio. Revisão – Márcio Reis Custódio. Fotografias – Guilherme Muricy. Impressão e tiragem – Walprint, 1000 exemplares para distribuição gratuita. Projeto – Desenvolvimento da Taxonomia de Esponjas Marinhas (Porifera) do Brasil (Petrobras-ANP SAP 4600177470) Coordenador – Guilherme Ramos da Silva Muricy Universidades participantes – UFRJ, UFPE e UFBA Ficha Catalográfica C357 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera / Guilherme Muricy ... [et al.]. – Rio de Janeiro : Museu Nacional, 2011. 300 p. : il. (algumas color.), mapas ; 28 cm. – (Série Livros ; 46) Bibliografia: p. 253-300. ISBN 978-85-7427-042-5 1 . Esponjas – Brasil – Catálogos. I. Muricy, Guilherme, 1964-. II. Museu Nacional (Brasil). III. Série.  CDD 593.40981 SUMMARY Abstract ............................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................. 9 I – Introductory Section............................ 1. Introduction .................................................... 2. Taxonomical history of the Brazilian sponges ........................................................... 3. Composition of the Brazilian sponge fauna ................................................................ 4. Structure of the catalogue ........................... 5. Locality names ............................................... 6. Depositories ................................................... 7. Other abbreviations used ............................. 8. Acknowledgements ...................................... 11 11 11 17 17 19 19 22 23 II – TAXONOMIC LIST............................................ 25 Phylum Porifera ........................................... 25 Class Calcarea................................................. 25 Subclass Calcaronea .................................... 25 Order Leucosolenida ....................................... 25 Amphoriscidae................................................. Grantiidae........................................................ Heteropiidae..................................................... Leucosoleniidae................................................ Sycettidae.......................................................... Subclass Calcinea...................................... Order Clathrinida............................................. Clathrinidae...................................................... Leucaltidae........................................................ Leucascidae...................................................... Leucettidae....................................................... Class Demospongiae....................................... Order Agelasida................................................ Agelasidae......................................................... Order Astrophorida......................................... Ancorinidae...................................................... Geodiidae......................................................... Pachastrellidae................................................. Thrombidae..................................................... Order Chondrosida.......................................... Chondrillidae................................................... Order Dendroceratida..................................... 25 27 29 30 31 32 32 32 35 35 36 37 37 37 40 40 44 50 52 52 52 54 Darwinellidae................................................... 54 Dictyodendrillidae........................................... 55 Order Dictyoceratida....................................... 56 Dysideidae........................................................ 56 Irciniidae.......................................................... 58 Spongiidae........................................................ 60 Thorectidae...................................................... 62 Order Hadromerida......................................... 64 Alectonidae...................................................... 64 Clionaidae........................................................ 64 Placospongiidae............................................... 67 Polymastiidae................................................... 69 Spirastrellidae .................................................. 70 Stylocordylidae................................................. 71 Suberitidae....................................................... 71 PLATES ...................................................................... 73 Tethyidae.......................................................... 86 Timeidae........................................................... 88 Order Halichondrida....................................... 88 Axinellidae........................................................ 88 Dictyonellidae.................................................. 91 Halichondriidae............................................... 92 Heteroxyidae.................................................... 96 Order Haplosclerida......................................... 97 Suborder Haplosclerina................................... 97 Callyspongiidae................................................ 97 Chalinidae....................................................... 100 Niphatidae....................................................... 102 Suborder Petrosina.......................................... 106 Petrosiidae....................................................... 106 Phloeodictyidae.............................................. 108 Suborder Spongillina...................................... 110 Metaniidae....................................................... 110 Potamolepidae................................................ 118 Spongillidae..................................................... 123 Spongillina incertae sedis................................ 140 Order Homosclerophorida............................. 140 Plakinidae........................................................ 140 ‘Order’ Lithistida............................................. 142 Azoricidae........................................................ 142 Corallistidae ................................................... 142 Desmanthidae................................................. 143 5 Siphonidiidae.................................................. 143 Theonellidae.................................................... 144 Order Poecilosclerida...................................... 144 Suborder Latrunculina................................... 144 Latrunculiidae................................................. 144 Suborder Microcionina................................... 145 Acarnidae........................................................ 145 Microcionidae................................................. 146 Microcioninae................................................. 146 Raspailiidae..................................................... 148 Cyamoninae.................................................... 148 Echinodictinae.................................................148 Raspailiinae..................................................... 149 Trinacophorinae............................................. 150 Rhabderemiidae.............................................. 150 Suborder Mycalina.......................................... 151 Desmacellidae................................................. 151 Esperiopsidae.................................................. 152 Guitarridae...................................................... 153 Hamacanthidae............................................... 153 Isodictyidae..................................................... 153 Mycalidae........................................................ 153 Suborder Myxillina......................................... 159 Chondropsidae................................................ 159 Coelosphaeridae.............................................. 159 Crambeidae..................................................... 161 Crellidae.......................................................... 162 Desmacididae.................................................. 162 Hymedesmiidae.............................................. 163 Iotrochotidae................................................... 163 Myxillidae........................................................ 164 Tedaniidae....................................................... 165 Order Spirophorida......................................... 167 Tetillidae.......................................................... 167 Samidae........................................................... 171 6 Order Verongida.............................................. 171 Aplysinidae...................................................... 171 Class Hexactinellida........................................ 178 Subclass Amphidiscophora...................... 178 Order Amphidiscosida.................................... 178 Hyalonematidae.............................................. 178 Pheronematidae.............................................. 179 Subclass Hexasterophora............................. 179 Order Hexactinosida....................................... 179 Aphrocallistidae.............................................. 179 Dactylocalycidae............................................. 180 Euretidae......................................................... 181 Euretinae......................................................... 181 Chonelasmatinae............................................ 181 Farreidae.......................................................... 181 Order Lychniscosida........................................ 182 Becksiidae........................................................ 182 Order Lyssacinosida........................................ 182 Euplectellidae.................................................. 182 Bolosominae................................................... 182 Euplectellinae.................................................. 182 Rossellidae....................................................... 182 Lanuginellinae................................................. 182 III – RECORDS  identified ONLY to genus level or higher ................. IV – LIST OF NOMENCLATORIAL ACTS .......... V – SPECIES NAMES PREVIOUSLY REPORTED FROM BRAZIL BUT NO LONGER ACCEPTED AS VALID RECORDS ..................................................... VI – LIST OF SPECIES BY LOCALITY .............. VII – Taxonomic Index ................................... VIII – REFERENCES ............................................ 184 201 205 217 233 253 ABSTRACT All the literature (486 references) of the Phylum Porifera of Brazil up to year 2010 is tabulated to generate a thorough annotated classification. A total of 3770 records of 443 identified species of Brazilian sponges are listed. Demospongiae is the most diverse Class, with 380 species in 63 families, followed by Calcarea (47 species in 9 families) and Hexactinellida (16 species in 9 families). The Class Demospongiae includes 327 marine and 53 freshwater sponges. The most diverse families in Brazil are Spongillidae with 28 species (freshwater sponges), Geodiidae (20), Ancorinidae (19) and Aplysinidae (17 species), all from the class Demospongiae. In addition, 340 morphospecies were identified only to genus level or higher, showing that the true sponge diversity in Brazil probably exceeds 700 species. Synonymizations, revalidations, replacement names and emended spellings are proposed when necessary. The complete list of nomenclatural acts herein proposed and a list of names once reported from Brazil but no longer considered as valid records are given. A list of species by administrative divisions is provided for all localities treated. The localities with the highest number of species recorded were Salvador with 72 species, Recife with 68, Potiguar Basin (65), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (59), São Sebastião (55) and Arraial do Cabo (52 species). These numbers, however, should be interpreted carefully as they reflect not only the real number of sponge species but also the collection effort and the stage of development of the taxonomy of sponges in each area. Overall, this catalogue shows that the sponge fauna of Brazil is highly diverse and still largely unknown. Key words: Porifera, Demospongiae, Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Neotropics, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic, marine, freshwater, new synonyms, new records. 7 PREFACE The Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera is the result of a fantastic effort made in the last 20 years to inventory and describe the sponge fauna of Brazil. It is the state of the art for the known sponge fauna up to 2010. The first species list of Brazilian sponges included 82 species (Mello-Leitão et al., 1961); the sponge fauna of Brazil currently totals 443 species: 380 species of Demospongiae, 47 species of Calcispongia and 16 species of Hexactinellida. This Catalogue provides an annotated classification of Brazilian sponges with their currently accepted names and distributions. 486 references have been precisely checked and systematic misinterpretations, errors in coordinates, locality names, depth, and species names corrected. When necessary, type materials were revised, what has necessitated visits and contacts with about 30 national and foreign museums. This work was possible thanks to the collaboration of eight authors belonging to the Federal Universities of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Pernambuco states. Since the 90’s the number of researchers working in sponge systematics has increased considerably in Brazil. They were four in the 80’s, 12 in the 90’s and about 20 in 2011. They are currently the most important group of sponge taxonomists of the world. After the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and the ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity (1994) the Brazilian government began to recruit well-trained taxonomists in the universities and developed biodiversity programs, among which the Project REVIZEE. This program aimed at listing and mapping the biological resources of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. Extensive collections along the Brazilian coast resulted in a large number of new species and new records of sponges. A well-done faunal inventory is the basis necessary for all further research from genetics, phylogeny and ecology to chemistry of natural products. This catalog fulfills perfectly this target and is an impressive source of knowledge about the Brazilian sponge fauna. Nicole Boury-Esnault Station Marine d’Endoume Marseille France 9 I. Introductory Section 1. Introduction The phylum Porifera includes approximately 8350 valid species known worldwide (van Soest et al., 2011). Of these, 443 species have been identified in Brazil. Brazilian sponges thus comprise approximately 5.3% of the diversity of Porifera, but they still are in a poor state of knowledge. Besides outdated surveys such as those of Mello-Leitão (1961), who listed all sponge groups, and Hechtel (1976), who listed exclusively the marine Demospongiae, there are few recent but partial compilations, such as those of Moraes et al. (2006) for species of oceanic islands, Azevedo & Klautau (2007) for calcareous sponges, and Hajdu & Lopes (2007) for deep-water species. In the last 30 years many new records and new species have been described from Brazil, and there have been important changes in the composition of supra-generic groups. Synonyms are abundant and often hidden within the systematic literature; their misinterpretation is a major source of confusion in the systematics of Brazilian sponges. In this catalogue the existing and proposed synonyms are detailed and a list of names once reported from Brazil but currently not considered valid is presented. This should help the reader to find out what happened to old names that “disappear” from the recent literature and to avoid repetition of the same species under different names in checklists or other studies. The main goals of this catalogue are to tabulate all the literature of the Phylum Porifera of Brazil up to year 2010 and to generate a thorough annotated classification of Brazilian sponges with their currently accepted names and distributions. It provides a guide to the specialized literature and synonyms. Eventual mistakes in the literature (species and localities names, coordinates, depth, systematic misinterpretations, etc.) were corrected. Our results show the species with taxonomic problems that should be revised, as well as the areas underexplored. This catalogue will be also useful as a basis for diversity estimation and biogeographic studies. All taxons are arranged in alphabetical order. Taxon diagnoses are not given; the reader can find them in the Systema Porifera (Hooper & van Soest, 2002a) or in more recent revisions. Species identified only to supraspecific levels or as “sp.”, “aff.”, or “cf.” were tabulated in a separate list, by alphabetical order and with less information than the main list. Additionally, we provide a list of species by locality and a list of nomenclatorial acts here proposed. 2. Taxonomical history of the Brazilian sponges The date of the first study on Brazilian sponges is uncertain. In 1766, Pallas described Spongia cavernosa (now Hyattella cavernosa), Spongia fulva (now Aplysina fulva) and Spongia fistularis (now Aplysina fistularis) from “Mare Americanum” (American Sea). This is usually interpreted as corresponding to the Tropical Western Atlantic, but the country and locality are unknown. Pinheiro et al. (2007) designated a neotype for Aplysina fulva from SE Brazil and for Aplysina fistularis from Puerto Rico. Here we follow Pinheiro et al. (2007) and assumed that the collection site of Spongia fulva could have been in Brazil. Later on, Lamarck (1814) described Spongia carbonaria (now Neopetrosia carbonaria), also from “Mare Americanum”, maintaining the uncertainty on the beginning of the study of sponges of Brazil. Only in 1863, in his monograph of freshwater sponges, Bowerbank described seven species unequivocally collected in Brazil, all from the Amazon region. Seven other studies with one or a few species from Brazil were published from 1860-1880 (e. g., Schultze, 1865; Müller, 1865; Hyatt, 1877; Selenka, 1879). The first major input of knowledge on Brazilian sponges came in the 1880’s, with the results of the H.M.S. Challenger expedition (Poléjaeff, 1883, 1884; Schulze, 1885, 1887a; Ridley & Dendy, 1886, 1887; Sollas, 1886a, 1888). These reports added 40 species to the list of known sponges in Brazil. From 1890 to 1960 relatively few studies were published by different authors (average 2.6 articles per decade), mostly on freshwater sponges (e.g., Cordero, 1923, 1924, 1928; Arndt, 1930; Carvalho, 1942; Machado, 1947a,b) but also reporting a few marine sponges (e.g., Carter, 1890; Schulze, 1899; Burton, 1940, 1954). In 1956, de Laubenfels reported 13 species of marine sponges from Brazil. In 1961, Mello-Leitão and collaborators made the first compilation of Brazilian sponges, including 82 species from all three classes and both marine and freshwater demosponges. The number of studies on Brazilian sponges began to increase in the 1960’s, when Volkmer-Ribeiro 11 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera started her studies on Brazilian sponges (Fig. 1). She published since then more than 130 studies including articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings from 1963 to 2010, representing a major contribution to the knowledge of Brazilian sponges, especially of freshwater. From 1960 to 1969, a total of 10 studies were published on Brazilian sponges (e.g., MelloLeitão et al., 1961; Volkmer, 1963a, b; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969; Fig. 1). In the 1970’s there was an increase in the number of articles (34) and of authors publishing on Brazilian sponges. The studies of Borojevic (1971) and Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) on calcareous sponges, VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa (1972, 1974, 1978), de Rosa-Barbosa (1979) and Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago (1973) on freshwater sponges, and those of Johnson (1971), Collette & Rützler (1977), Mello-Leitão & Pacheco-Coelho (1978), Maggs et al. (1979) and especially of Mothes de Moraes (e.g., Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975; Mothes de Moraes, 1977, 1978) on marine Demospongiae greatly increased the taxonomic knowledge of Brazilian sponges. However, these studies were limited to relatively few taxonomic groups or geographic areas. The main contribution to the taxonomy of Brazilian Porifera in this decade was the description of 60 species of marine demosponges collected by the Calypso expedition all along the Eastern Brazilian coast, from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago to Rio Grande do Sul State (BouryEsnault, 1973). The 1970’s also witnessed an increase in the number of research approaches, which were until then limited to taxonomy and faunistics. The first studies on the ecology of sponges in Brazil were those of Boffi (1972) reporting ophiuroids associated to marine sponges and of Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa (1972, 1974) on sponge-sponge and molluskfreshwater sponge associations. The first studies on sponge chemistry and evolution were published by the end of the decade (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979). In the first zoogeographical analysis of Brazilian sponges, Hechtel (1976) listed 156 marine demosponges occurring in Brazil. The trend of increase in authors and areas of knowledge of studies on Brazilian sponges persisted and gained impulse in the 1980’s (30 articles). The main contributions to the taxonomy were those of SoléCava et al. (1981), Hechtel (1983), Volkmer-Ribeiro (1984, 1986), Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. (1981, 1983, 1984, 1988) and Mothes de Moraes (1980, 1981, 1983, 1985a, b, 1987). More ecological studies were published than 12 in the previous decades, focusing on fish predation (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981), associated fauna (Duarte & Morgado, 1983), vertical distribution (Eston et al., 1986) and pollution-biomonitoring (Muricy, 1989). The first pharmacological study of a Brazilian sponge was published by the end of the decade (Atta et al., 1989; Fig. 2). In the 1990’s, there was a two-fold increase in the number of studies published (from 30 to 72 articles; Fig. 1). The number of authors and of areas of knowledge also increased. In this decade were published the first studies on genetics using both allozyme electrophoresis (Solé-Cava et al., 1991; Klautau et al., 1994a, 1999; Lazoski et al., 1999) and DNA analysis (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999), cytology (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a), biochemistry (Zierer et al., 1995), paleontology (Sifeddine et al., 1994; Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997), phylogeny (Hajdu, 1995, 1999), biomass (Melão & Rocha, 1996b), growth rates (Melão & Rocha, 1998), chemical ecology (Epifanio et al., 1999), and larval biology (Vacelet, 1999) of sponges from Brazil. The exponential growth of the literature on Brazilian Porifera continued from 2000 to 2009, with 250 articles published. New areas of knowledge studied included spiculogenesis (Custódio et al., 2002), bioerosion (Reis & Leão, 2002), bioinvasion (Ferreira et al., 2006), microbiology (Turque et al., 2008; Hardoim et al., 2009; Marinho et al., 2009), DNA sequencing (Cárdenas et al., 2009), and reproduction (Lanna et al., 2007b). All areas previously studied had a great increase in number of publications, especially taxonomy, chemistry, pharmacology, and ecology. The study of Porifera in Brazil during the first decade of the XXI century was marked by the realization of the 7th International Sponge Symposium (7th ISS) in Armação dos Búzios, Rio de Janeiro State, in May 2006. This conference had 260 participants from 35 countries and attracted a great interest from the Brazilian scientific community, with 91 Brazilian participants from 18 institutions presenting a total of 71 abstracts. It is therefore not surprinsing that the year with the highest number of publications in the history of spongiology in Brazil so far was 2007 (59 articles), when the proceedings of the 7th ISS were published (Fig. 2; Custódio et al., 2007). Another major accomplishment in the decade from 2000 to 2009 was the Project REVIZEE, a governmental program aimed at listing and mapping the biological resources of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ; e.g., Amaral et al., 2003; Amaral & RossiWongtschowski, 2004; Lavrado & Ignacio, 2006). The Introductory Section Articles per Decade 250 200 150 Calypso 100 Challenger Pallas (?) 50 0 1750 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 Fig. 1. Evolution of the number of publications on Brazilian sponges per decade from 1750 to 2010. Challenger and Calypso are the two most important early expeditions that increased significantly the number of known species in Brazil. The question mark represents the uncertainty that remains about whether Pallas (1766) descriptions from “Mare Americanum” were from Brazil or from elsewhere in the Western Atlantic (see text for explanation). 13 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Articles per Year 7th ISS 60 Chemical Ecology Larvae DNA 50 Bioinvasion Microbiology Growth Rates 40 Phylogeny Biochemistry Cell Biology Palaeontology 30 20 Spiculogenesis Bioerosion Biogeography Ecology Chemistry Genetics Biomonitoring Community Structure Pharmacology 10 0 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Fig. 2. Evolution of the number of publications on Brazilian sponges per year from 1970 to 2010, showing the diversification of research approaches. Arrows point to the year of the first publication in each area of knowledge. 7th ISS indicates the publication of the proceedings of the Seventh International Sponge Symposium held in May 2006 at Armação dos Búzios (Custódio et al., 2007). 14 Introductory Section RR AP AM PA MA RN CE PB PI AC PE TO RO AL BA MT SE DF GO MG ES MS SP RJ PR SC RS North Region AM – Amazonas AC – Acre RR – Roraima AP – Amapá RO – Rondônia PA – Pará TO – Tocantins Midwest Region MT – Mato Grosso MS – Mato Grosso do Sul GO – Goiás SOUTHEAST Region RJ – Rio de Janeiro SP – São Paulo ES – Espírito Santo MG – Minas Gerais SOUTH Region NORTHEAST Region MA – Maranhão PI – Piauí CE – Ceará RN – Rio Grande do Norte PB – Paraíba PE – Pernambuco AL – Alagoas SE – Sergipe BA – Bahia PR – Paraná SC – Santa Catarina RS – Rio Grande do Sul DF – Distrito Federal Fig. 3. Political map of Brazil showing the five administrative regions (in different colors), and the 26 states and the federal district with their acronyms. 15 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Fig. 4. Brazilian hydrographic basins. Source: Agência Nacional de Águas (http://www2.ana.gov.br). 16 Introductory Section REVIZEE Programme made extensive collections by dredging and trawling all along the Brazilian coast from 50 to 2000 m depth (mostly between 50–100 m depth), resulting in a large number of new records of sponges for Brazil (Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c, 2006a, 2007a; Muricy et al., 2006, 2007). Finally, during the last decade the first identification guides with underwater colour photographs and written in Portuguese in a simple language, accessible to non-specialists, were published (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008). Non-specialists, such as ecologists in faunistic surveys, are already using these publications for sponge identification (e.g., Rodrigues et al., 2007; Amaral et al., 2010; Lira et al., 2010). It is expected that the publication of such guides will help to increase still further the number of biological studies on Brazilian Porifera made by different authors. Several important authors, including Bowerbank (1863), Ridley & Dendy (1886), Sollas (1886), Poléjaeff (1884), and Boury-Esnault (1973), did not list the specimens examined in their descriptions, and did not designate type specimens for their new species. According to the ICZN (1999), article 72.2, “a nominal species-group taxon established before 2000 may have its name-bearing type fixed from the type series originally or subsequently (if no namebearing type is believed to be extant a neotype may be fixed)”. Article 72.4.1.1 states that “for a nominal species or subspecies established before 2000, any evidence, published or unpublished, may be taken into account to determine what specimens constitute the type series”. The specimens of the Calypso expedition were deposited in the sponge collection of the Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, are still well preserved and labeled, and are easily referable to the descriptions of the new species published by BouryEsnault (1973). The same is true for most specimens of the Challenger collection in the Natural History Museum, London. We therefore assigned to these specimens the status of either holotypes (when a single specimen was described) or syntypes (when more than one specimen was examined), unless this has been done before. These assignments are summarized in the List of Nomenclatorial Acts. 3. Composition of the Brazilian sponge fauna Considering exclusively the currently valid names identified to species level, the known sponge fauna of Brazil currently totals 443 species. Demospongiae is by far the most diverse class, with 380 species in 63 families, or approximately 70% of the 90 currently accepted demosponge families (Hooper & van Soest, 2002). The Calcarea (47 species in 9 families) and Hexactinellida (16 species in 9 families) are less diverse. The Hexactinellida includes three fossil species in two families. Within the class Demospongiae, marine species now total 327 in 60 families and freshwater sponges (suborder Spongillina) include 53 species of three families (and one species incertae sedis). Some freshwater species are known only from spongillites (sediments composed mainly by siliceous spicules; e.g., Heterorotula fistula). In general, the families most diverse are Spongillidae with 28 spp., Geodiidae (20), Ancorinidae (19) and Aplysinidae (17 species), all from the class Demospongiae. Beyond the 443 identified species, there are 340 names determined only to genus level or higher. These unidentified morphospecies indicate that the sponge species richness in Brazil is much higher than currently estimated, probably far exceeding 700 species (discounting possible synonyms), and demonstrate the need for more detailed taxonomic studies. Among the species identified, there are also 290 species names once recorded from Brazil but no longer accepted as valid. This high number indicates the difficulties and instability of sponge taxonomy, mainly due to a shortage of taxonomically useful morphological characters, to the study of one or few preserved specimens of most species, and to short, poorly illustrated descriptions. Most non-specialists (ecologists, biochemists, microbiologists etc.) are unaware of these synonymies and often duplicate records of a single species reported under two different names. It is expected that this catalogue will reduce such mistakes and bring more stability to the taxonomy of Brazilian sponges. The localities most diverse were Salvador with 72 species identified, followed by Recife with 68, Potiguar Basin (65), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (59), São Sebastião (55) and Arraial do Cabo (52 spp.). These numbers, however, should be interpreted carefully as they reflect not only the true diversity of sponge species but also the collecting effort and the stage of development of the taxonomy of sponges in each area. Some areas remain completely unexplored, such as Acre State. 4. Structure of the catalogue The present catalogue is an exhaustive compilation from 486 references reporting species of the phylum 17 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Porifera from Brazil and additional 614 references with relevant information on these species (synonymies, world distribution etc.). From each article we evaluated and compiled the relevant information on species taxonomy and distribution, summing up 3770 records of 443 species. This should serve as an account of the great taxonomic shifts and the increase in scientific interest for Brazilian sponges over the last decades. We followed here mainly the classification proposed by the Systema Porifera (Hooper & van Soest, 2002a), with few modifications from more recent proposals or our own ideas. We also followed largely but informally the World Porifera Database (van Soest et al., 2011), which is not valid as a formal publication for nomenclatorial issues but is currently a major, updated source of information on sponge taxonomy. In spite of past efforts, many inaccuracies and confusions remain, making the systematics of Brazilian sponges a difficult task. There is a large portion of papers written in Portuguese (30%: 146 of 486) and these, especially when nomenclatorial acts are concealed amidst the text, are also a major hindrance to accurate tabulation of taxonomy. Additionally, 13 articles are written in spanish, nine in german, six in french, one in russian and one in latin. A great difficulty in the taxonomy of Brazilian sponges is the large number of records without description, and whose identifications are thus harder to evaluate. Papers dealing with biology, ecology and pharmacology add useful information for systematic and biogeographic purposes and therefore they are also presented here in citations followed by a remark indicating the focus of the article ([faunistics], [ecology], [pharmacology] etc.). We tried to reexamine the specimens recorded in such papers, but in most cases this was not possible. In these cases we accepted the identification published and added a remark when necessary. There are also 340 species identified only to genus or family levels and recorded as “aff.”, “sp.” or “cf.”. These records were not included as valid species in the present compilation, but are listed under the epigraph “Records identified only to genus level or higher” by alphabetical order. They give an idea of the diversity and major groups of sponges yet to be described in Brazil. We tried to keep taxonomic changes to a minimum, inasmuch as we think this is not the ideal vehicle for nomenclatorial acts, which need to be documented with illustrations, explanations, lists of material examined, etc. A list of the nomenclatural acts performed in this 18 catalogue is given to help to locate the taxonomic changes herein proposed. Colour pictures of some type specimens are also provided. There is a surprisingly large number of M.Sc. dissertations and Ph.D. theses dealing with systematics and/or biology of sponges in Brazil. However, their results are not included herein because they do not constitute publications in the sense of the ICZN (1999). Abstracts of conference presentations were also excluded, for the same reason. For each specific name, the type material and type locality are indicated after the list of synonyms. For each junior synonym the author, date and page of the synonymy are indicated. In specific synonymies, the citations are ordered by chronological order. Subspecies and varieties are treated as different species. The generic or specific names that are junior primary homonyms are followed by [preocc. author, year], while the specific secondary homonyms are followed by [non species; senior secondary homonym]. The specific names wrongly applied in virtue of a misidentification are indicated by [non author, year]. Generic synonymies made without detailing the new specific combinations are common in the literature. Herein the mandatory implicit specific combinations are formalized as “new combinations”. For each species the type locality and recorded distribution are added as follows: TYPE LOCALITY: Country; locality. Region 1: State 1: Locality 1 (author 1, year [type of article]; author 2, year [type of article]). Locality 2 (author 1, year [type of article]; author 2, year [type of article]). State 2: Locality 1 (author 1, year [type of article]; author 2, year [type of article]), etc. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Country 1, country 2 etc. (author, year of records). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: For freshwater sponges, we added the river, lake or pond and the hydrographic basin, as follows: 1: HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN 1: 1: Locality 1, river 1 (author 1, year [type of article]), river 2 (author 2, year [type of article]), etc. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Region State The literature search for studies about sponges in Brazil was exhaustive, so the lists of “Brazilian Records” are as complete as possible. On the other hand, the search for references of Brazilian species occurring in other countries was not exhaustive; the “World Introductory Section Distribution” lists are mainly intended to determine whether a species is or not endemic and what is its global distribution, not to list all references that ever cited it from anywhere. Regions and states names follow the official Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics website (IBGE: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; www.ibge.gov.br, accessed February, 20, 2011). Their location and abbreviations are explained in Fig. 3. All coordinate (equally ranked) names are listed in alphabetical order. The regions are typed in a sans serif font and the hydrographic basins are typed in CAPITALS. Definition of hydrographic basins and names of rivers follow the official Brazilian National Water Agency website (Agência Nacional de Águas; www.ana.gov.br; Fig. 4). Detailed maps of the hydrographic basins showing the location of all rivers are available at www.ana.gov.br/bibliotecavirtual. First order political divisions (states and federal district) are typed in capitals in a smaller font. Second order political subdivisions such as cities and municipalities are the main operacional geographic unity of this catalogue and are composed in bold type. More detailed information of each record such as the precise location within a city, geographical coordinates and depth are presented in parentheses after the locality name. For very unfamiliar or doubtful places, coordinates or short remarks have been also added. 5. Locality names Locality names followed the official site of IBGE (www. ibge.gov.br/cidadesat). For collection sites offshore, the nearest locality was determined using the “Ruler” tool of Google Earth (http://earth.google.com). These records are presented as “off locality X” and the coordinates were added in the format originally published. Oceanic Islands and submarine seamounts were also included as localities. Some locality names have changed since the time of publication, especially those published before 1900. Two cases in Brazil are particularly important: “Destêrro” and “Bahia”. There are two species reported from Destêrro: Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868 (Selenka, 1879; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961) and Darwinella muelleri (Schultze, 1865). Nossa Senhora do Destêrro (approximately 27o35’S–48o30’W) was the denomination of the capital of Santa Catarina State from 1765 to 1894, when the name changed to Florianópolis. As noted by Hechtel (1976), there is another city in Brazil currently named Desterro, but it is located far inland in Paraíba state and was funded in 1959; it therefore cannot be the location referred to by the earlier authors. Several specimens of the Challenger Expedition were collected in a station located “off Bahia” (Poléjaeff, 1883, 1884; Schulze, 1885, 1887a; Ridley & Dendy, 1886, 1887; Sollas, 1886a, 1888). This has been interpreted by most recent authors as a reference to Bahia State, with precise locality unknown. The city of Salvador (currently the capital of Bahia State) was called “São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos” from 1549 to 1953. It was, however, widely known simply as “Bahia” in the XIX century. There are strong indications that the Challenger reports used the name Bahia for the city and not for the state: (1) In the ‘Narrative of the Cruise’ of the H.M.S. Challenger, Tizard et al. (1885: 227) stated that “… Yellow fever is nearly always prevalent in Bahia, nor can this be wondered at when the absence of sanitary arrangements in some parts of the town is considered (…) Viewed from the sea, Bahia is a charmingly situated place.” A few lines below, they continued “…Into the wide bay of Bahia, which is twenty miles across …”, obviously referring to Todos os Santos Bay in Salvador. (2) The maps of the cruise (Tizard et al., 1885: sheets 15, 16) show a single sampling site off Bahia state, a few miles East off Salvador (sta. 128; sta.129 is off Espírito Santo State). (3) In the remarks of Scolopes megastra, de Laubenfels (1953: 543) stated that “the genus Scolopes was established by Sollas (1888, page 432) for the species moseleyi, based on a single specimen from Bahia (now São Salvador), Brazil, latitude 13oS, depth unknown”. In agreement with these indications, we replaced the locality of this sampling station from “off Bahia” to “off Salvador” in this catalogue. Similarly, the modern name “Florianópolis” was used to replace “Destêrro”, in Santa Catarina State. The names of some other countries and localities in and outside Brazil also changed their names since the publication. In these cases we used the modern name rather then the published name: Parintins instead of Vila Nova (Brazil), Ambon instead of Amboine (Indonesia), Kotor instead of Cattaro (Montenegro), Sri Lanka instead of Ceylon, Belize instead of British Honduras, etc. 6. Depositories An effort has been made to visit or contact the curators 19 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera of all major museums to know about the condition of their Brazilian Porifera holdings. Part of the information in the literature was inaccurate, but most institutions listed below confirmed that they have at least some of the types. We updated names and addresses as best as possible. Acronyms of institutions followed in general the Index to Important Sponge Collections (Stone, 1986), except when their abbreviations (“codens”) are nonexistent, non-traditional or there was a preferred acronym from the institution itself. Complete list of depositories and their acronyms: ANSP-PO ­— Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Porifera Collection. 19th St. & Ben Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A. Curator: Dr. Paul Callomon. E-mail: callomon@ansp.org History Collections, Berman Building, Edmond J. Safra Campus. Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904, Israel. Director of the Collections: Prof. Alan Matthews. E-mail: alan@vms.huji.ac.il Website: http://nnhc.huji.ac.il/default.asp?PageID=101 IdO — Instituto de Oceanología de Cuba. The sponge collection was transferred in 2010 to the Acuario Nacional de Cuba. Avenida 3ra, Esquina 62, Miramar, Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Curator: Dr. María Victoria Orozco. E-mail: mariao@acuarionacional.cu Website: http://www.acuarionacional.cu INALI — Instituto Nacional de Limnología – Consejo BAMZ — Bermuda Aquarium, Museum & Zoo. 40 Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Ciudad Universitaria – Paraje “El Pozo” – 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina. Curator: Dr. Inés Ezcurra de Drago. E-mail: inesezcurra@arnet.com.ar Website:  North Shore Road, Flatts Village, Bermuda (not contacted). INPA — Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Website: http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/invertebrate_home.php Website: http://www.bamz.org BMNH — British Museum (Natural History). See the Natural History Museum (NHM). CLM-Sp. — City of Liverpool Museum (Argo Sponge Collection) [now called World Museum Liverpool]. William Brown Street, Liverpool L3 8EN, United Kingdom (not contacted). Website: www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk CUMZ — Cameron University Museum of Zoology. 2800 W Gore Boulevard, Lawton 73505 Oklahoma, U.S.A. Curator: not contacted. E-mail: biosciences@cameron.edu Website: http://www.cameron.edu/biology DZUSP — Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, trav. 14, nº 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo – SP, Brasil, CEP: 05508-090. Curator: nonexistent. Website: http://marcus.ib.usp.br REMARKS: The Porifera collection of DZUSP was closed and the sponges were deposited at MNRJ and MZUSP. HUJ-II — The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Invertebrate Collection. The National Natural 20 http://www.inali.santafe-conicet.gov.ar/cvezcurra.htm Av. André Araújo, 2936, Campus II, Petrópolis, 69083-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil. Curator: Dr. Augusto Loureiro Henriques. E-mail: loureiro@inpa.gov.br Website:  http://colecoes.inpa.gov.br/sb/invertebrados/html/ INV-POR — Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Pesqueras “José Benito Vives De Andréis” (Porifera Collection). Cerro Punta de Betín, apartado aéreo 1016 y 873 – Santa Marta, Colombia. Curator (not contacted): Sandra Rincón Cabal, Asistente de Dirección. E-mail: srinconc@invemar.org.co Website: http://www.invemar.org.co LMJG — Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz (Abteilung für Zoologie). Currently called Universalmuseum Joanneum, Zoology Center of Natural History. Weinzöttlstraße 16, 8045 Graz, Germany. Curator: Dr. Ulrike Hausl-Hofstätter (not contacted). E-mail: ulrike.hausl-hofstaetter@museumjoanneum.at Website:  http://www.museum-joanneum.at/en/zoology MACN — Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadavia”, Invertebrate Collection. Av. Angel Gallardo 470. C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina. Curator: Dr. Alejandro Tablado. Introductory Section E-mail: tablado@macn.gov.ar Website: http://www.macn.secyt.gov.ar MCN — Museu de Ciências Naturais. Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porifera Collection. Av. Dr. Salvador França, 1427, Jardim Botânico. CEP 90.690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Curator: Dr. Cecilia Volkmer-Ribeiro. E-mail: cecilia-ribeiro@fzb.rs.gov.br Website:  http://www.tipos-mcn.fzb.rs.gov.br/webcompusat/colecao/ fontes/index.php?s=35 MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Curator: Dr. Adam J. Baldinger. E-mail: abaldinger@oeb.harvard.edu Website: http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/collectionsoperations/index.html MHNG — Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de la Ville de Genève. 1 route de Malagnou, CH-1208 Genève, Suisse. Curator: Dr. Ruth Desqueyroux-Faúndez. E-mail: ruth.faundez@mhn.ville-ge.ch Website: http://www.ville-ge.ch/mhng/dpt_inve_coll.php#spongiaires MLP — Museo de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/nº. B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Curator: Dr. Cristina Damborenea. E-mail: cdambor@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Website:  http://www.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/abamuse.html MNHN — Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 57, rue Cuvier, CP51 75231, Paris cedex 05, France. Curator: Dr. Isabelle Domart-Coulon. E-mail: icoulon@mnhn.fr Website:  http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/foffice/science/science/ColEtBd/ collectionsMuseum/collectionSci.xsp?i=1 MNHNM ­— Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo. 25 de mayo 582. CC. 399, CP. 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay. Curator: not contacted. E-mail: mnhn@internet.com.uy Website: http://www.mnhn.gub.uy MNRJ — Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista s/no., São Cristóvão. CEP 20.940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Curators: Dr. Eduardo Hajdu and Dr. Guilherme Muricy. E-mail: e  duardo.hajdu@gmail.com muricy@mn.ufrj.br Website: http://www.poriferabrasil.mn.ufrj.br MSNG — Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. Via Brigata Liguria 9. 16121 Genova, Italy. Curator: Dr. Maria Tavano. E-mail: mtavano@comune.genova.it Website:  http://www.museidigenova.it/spip.php?rubrique29&lang=it Mus.Torino-POR — Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino. Via Giolitti, 36, Torino, Italy. Curator: Dr. Elena Gavetti. E-mail: elena.gavetti@regione.piemonte.it Website:  http://www.regione.piemonte.it/museoscienzenaturali/museo/ storia.htm MZUS — Musée de Zoologie de l’Université de Strasbourg. 29 Boulevard de la Victoire, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Curator: Dr. MarieDominique Wandhammer. E-mail: marie-dominique.wandhammer@ strasbourg.eu Website: http://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/index.php?page=musee-zoo MZUSP — Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga. CEP 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Curator: Dr. Luis Ricardo Lopes de Simone. E-mail: lrsimone@usp.br Website: http://www.mz.usp.br NHM — The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History – BMNH)]. Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. Curators: M.Sc. Clare Valentine and M.Sc. Emma Sherlock. E-mail: c  .valentine@nhm.ac.uk e.sherlock@nhm.ac.uk Website:  http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/collections/ departmental-collections/zoology-collections/index.html NMV — Museum Victoria. GPO Box 666, Melbourne, VIC 3001. Australia. Curator: Dr. Chris Rowley (not contacted). E-mail: crowley@museum.vic.gov.au Website: http://collections.ala.org.au/public/show/co119 RMNH — Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum, Leiden [former Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]. Darwinweg 2, 2333 BA Leiden, The Netherlands. Curator: Dr. Koos van Egmond (not contacted). E-mail: collectie@ncbnaturalis.nl Website: http://science.naturalis.nl/collections 21 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera SUNY-UWI — State University of New York, University of the West Indies Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Curator: Dr. Dale Webber (not contacted). E-mail: dale.webber@uwimona.edu.jm Museum of Natural History, Yale University. 170– 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511 U.S.A. Curator: Dr. Eric Lazo-Wasem. E-mail: eric.lazo-wasem@yale.edu Website: Website: http://www.mona.uwi.edu/cms/dbml.htm SZN — Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli. Villa Comunale 80121, Napoli, Italy. Curator: not contacted. E-mail: stazione.zoologica@szn.it Website: http://www.szn.it THM — The Great North Museum: Hancock [formerly The Hancock Museum]. Barras Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4PT, U.K. Curator: not contacted. Website:  http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/ourcollections/naturalscience UFBA-POR — Universidade Federal da Bahia, Museu de Zoologia, Porifera Collection. Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina. CEP 40.170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Curator: Dr. Carla Menegola. E-mail: carlamms@ufba.br carla.menegola@gmail.com Website:  http://www.mzufba.ufba.br/WEB/Coleções_Porifera.html UFPEPOR — Porifera Collection, Departamento de Zoo– logia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50373-970 Recife, PE, Brazil. Curator: Dr. Ulisses dos Santos Pinheiro. E-mail: uspinheiro@hotmail.com http://www.peabody.yale.edu/collections/iz ZIN RAN — Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Marine Research Laboratory. 199034, 1, Universitetskaya Embankment, St. Petersburg, Russia. Curator: Dr. Boris Ivanovich Sierenko (not contacted). E-mail: sbi@zisp.spb.su Website: http://www.zin.ru/index_e.htm ZMAPOR — Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam; Mauritskade 57, 1092 AD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. P.O. Box 94766. Curators: Dr. Rob van Soest and Mrs. Elly J. Beglinger. E-mail: R.W.M.vanSoest@uva.nl E.J.Beglinger@uva.nl Websites:  http://www.science.uva.nl/cms/zma/porifera http://www.science.uva.nl/zma/collections.cfm ZMB-Por — Institut für Systematische Zoologie. Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Porifera Collection. Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Curator: Dr. Carsten Lüter. E-mail: carsten.lueter@mfn-berlin.de Website: http://www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de ZMH — Zoological Institute and Museum of Hamburg. Website: http://www.ufpe.br/ccb UFRJPOR — Porifera Colection of the Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Brigadeiro Trompowski s/n, CCS, Bloco A, sala A0-100, Ilha do Fundão. CEP 21.941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Curator: Dr. Michelle Klautau. E-mail: mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br Websites:  http://www.biologia.ufrj.br/zoologia.html http://www.poriferabrasil.mn.ufrj.br USNM — Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History. 10 and Constitution Ave, NW Washington, DC 20560-0163, U.S.A. Curator: Dr. Klaus Rützler. E-mail: ruetzler@si.edu Martin Luther King-Platz 320146 Hamburg, Germany. Curator: Dr. Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa. E-mail: andreas.schmidt-rhaesa@uni-hamburg.de Website:  http://www.uni-hamburg.de/biologie/BioZ/zmh ZMUC — Zoologisk Museum Universitet Copenhagen. Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Curator: Dr. Ole Secher Tendal (not contacted). E-mail: ostendal@snm.ku.dk Website: http://zoologi.snm.ku.dk/english/collections/invertebrates/Porifera th Website: http://invertebrates.si.edu YPM — Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody 22 7. Other abbreviations used ANA — Agência Nacional de Águas. H.P.S. — Hydroelectric Power Station. IBGE — Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. N.O.A.S. — Navio Oceanográfico Almirante Saldanha. R.V. — Research Vessel. Introductory Section 8. Acknowledgements We thank all colleagues who sent reprints of their articles along the years. Special thanks to Adriano B. Kury (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro) for the inspiration and suggestions on the format of the catalogue. We are grateful to Philippe Willenz (Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique) and Leandra de Oliveira (Library of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro) for the help to find old and difficult bibliography. Jacques Laborel kindly provided information on the collection site of Crella (Grayella) spinosa; Pedro Alcolado (Instituto de Oceanología de Cuba) provided information on the IdO sponge collection; and Cíntia Rua (Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) helped with information on the genus Placospongia. We thank Nicole Boury-Esnault (Station Marine d’Endoume) for help with the Calypso specimens, revision of the manuscript and writing of the preface. Rob van Soest, Eduardo L. Esteves, Emílio Lanna and George J. G. Santos made useful comments that improved the manuscript. Marcio R. Custódio (Universidade de São Paulo) is thanked for revision of the manuscript. We are particularly grateful to all curators who helped us with information, loans, or help in visits of the authors to their collections: Adam J. Baldinger (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University); Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa and Helma Roggenbuck (Zoological Institute and Museum of Hamburg); Alejandro Tablado (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadavia”); Beatriz Mothes, Cléa B. Lerner and Cecilia Volkmer-Ribeiro (Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul); Carsten Lüter (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin); Clare Valentine and Emma Sherlock (The Natural History Museum, London); Cristina de Almeida Rocha Barreira (Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará); Cristina Damborenea (Museo de La Plata, Argentina); Eric Lazo-Wasem, Lourdes M. Rojas and Daniel J. Drew (Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University); Isabelle Domart-Coulon (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris); Klaus Rützler (Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History); Konstantin Tabachnick (Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences of Russia); Paul Callomon (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia); and Rob van Soest and Elly J. Beglinger (Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam). This study is part of the project “Desenvolvimento da Taxonomia de Esponjas Marinhas (Porifera) do Brasil” (No. SAP 4600177470 – ANPETRO 9784) of CENPES / PETROBRAS Thematic Network “Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho”. It has been also supported by grants from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and FAPERJ (Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro). 23 II. TAXONOMIC LIST PHYLUM PORIFERA GRANT, 1836 CLASS CALCAREA BOWERBANK, 1864 Subclass CALCARONEA BIDDER, 1898 ORDER Leucosolenida HARTMAN, 1958 Family Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1892 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 E Amphoriscus SPECIES: 6 Haeckel, 1870 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Ute chrysalis Schmidt, 1864 (by subsequent designation; Dendy & Row, 1913). K Amphoriscus synapta (Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872) Syculmis synapta Haeckel, 1872: 288; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 3. Sycurus synapta Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872: 288. Sycarium synapta Haeckel, 1872: 288. Amphoriscus synapta, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 20. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Locality not informed. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Haeckel, 1872 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Sycarium synapta was transferred to Amphoriscus by Borojevic et al. (2000). E Leucilla Haeckel, 1872 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Leucilla amphora Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequent designation; Dendy & Row, 1913). K Klautau, 2007 [checklist]). Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) synonymised Leucilla sacculata with L. australiensis Carter, 1885. Later on, Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987) synonymised L. australiensis and L. sacculata with Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883. We do not accept these synonymies because L. sacculata has only cortical tetractines and atrial tetractines, while L. australiensis has also cortical triactines and has only atrial triactines. We also consider L. sacculata and L. uter as valid species until new analyses are done. Both species have very similar skeletons; however, in the original description Poléjaeff (1883) mentioned the presence of cortical diactines (probably trichoxeas) in L. uter, which are absent in L. sacculata. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Leucilla sacculata (Carter, 1890) (new combination) Leuconia sacculata Carter, 1890: 566; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 1; Santos et al., 2002b: 399. Leucandra sacculata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 21. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter, 1890 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Azevedo & K Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883 Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883: 53; Dendy & Row, 1913: 784; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987: 35; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160. Amphoriscus chrysalis Burton, 1963: 545. Leucilla ?uter, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. Leucilla australiensis, Borojevic, 1967: 221; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1031 [non Leucilla australiensis (Carter, 1886c)]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1884.4.22.21. Paralectotypes BMNH 1884.4.22.30, 1884.4.22.31. TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda and Philippines. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga (09o27’08”S–35o12’07”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Piaçabuçu (Pontal do Peba; 10o24’05”S–36o13’02”W, 21 m depth; 10o28’09”S–36o15’05”W, 25 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17o42’S–37o30’W, 50 m depth; 17o55’S– 37o30’W; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Belmonte (16o02’S–38o28’05”W, 47 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Ceará State: Off Camocim (02o20’S–40o47’W, 35 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Paraíba State: Off João Pessoa (06o56’34”S–33o49’07”W, 11 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Pitimbu (07o29’0”S– 34o45’0”W, 12 m depth; 07o29’0”S–34o45’0”W, 10 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Pernambuco State: Off Recife (08o09’03”S–34o49’03”W, 22 m depth; 08o06’04”S–34o49’04”W, 19.5 m depth; 08o14’01”S–34o51’05”W, 24.5 m depth; Borojevic & 25 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’07”S–34o54’01”W, 14.5 m depth; 08o17’04”S–34o52’02”W, 22.5 m depth; 08o16’02”S– 34o51’07”W, 22.5 m depth; 08o19’09”S–34o53’05”W, 19 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Paulista (07o50’S–34o44’05”W, 19-20 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Itamaracá (07o45’S–34o46’08”W, 14-15 m depth; 07o42’S– 34o46’05”W, 14-15 m depth; 07o45’S–34o43’05”W, 1920 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Grande Seamount (3°28’00”S–36o06’05”W, 61 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o40’S–37o48’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Cabo Frio (Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Philippines (Poléjaeff, 1883; Burton, 1963), South Africa (Borojevic, 1967). REMARKS: (1) Leucilla australiensis (Carter, 1886c) was synonymised with Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883 by Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987). However, we do not accept this synonymy because L. australiensis has cortical triactines and tetractines and atrial triactines, while L. uter has only tetractines on the cortex, tetractines on the atrium, and cortical diactines. (2) The Brazilian specimens identified as L. australiensis by Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) and as L. uter or L. ?uter by Muricy et al. (1991) and Muricy & Silva (1999) were probably misidentified and should be revised. (3) Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) erroneously reported this species from 07o36’S–34o52’W, a point inland in Pernambuco State. E Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Leucandra cucumis Haeckel, 1872 (by monoypy). K Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 Leucilla ?australiensis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. Leucilla sp., Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319. Paraleucilla magna Klautau et al., 2004: 03; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 87; Lanna et al., 2007b: 413; Longo et al., 2007: 1751; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Junqueira et al., 2009: 157; Zammit et al., 2009: 135; Lanna & Klautau, 2010: 250; Santos et al., 2010b: 605; Turque et al., 2010: 7. Leucilla aff. australiensis, Nassar & Silva, 1999: 200 [non Leucilla aff. australiensis sensu Junqueira et al., 2004: 53 26 (invalid record, see remarks)]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5147. Paratypes MNRJ 3921, 5186. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Itacuruçá (Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Niterói (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [ecology]; Klautau et al., 2004 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Lanna et al., 2007b [reproduction]; Salgado et al., 2007 [genetics]; Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]; Lanna & Klautau, 2010 [reproduction]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]; Turque et al., 2010 [microbiology]). São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis (Junqueira et al., 2009 [bioinvasion]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea: Italy (Longo et al., 2007; Zammit et al., 2009). REMARKS: (1) Paraleucilla magna is considered an exotic species both in Brazil (Klautau et al., 2004; Junqueira et al., 2009; Lanna & Klautau, 2010) and in the Mediterranean Sea (Longo et al., 2007; Zammit et al., 2009). (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Leucilla aff. australiensis from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, probably referring to Paraleucilla magna; this record is not considered valid here because it was based on unpublished academic works. K Paraleucilla perlucida Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 Paraleucilla perlucida Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 07. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4961. Paratypes UFRJPOR 4925, 4930. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Botinas Islands, 1-3 m depth, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Paraleucilla sphaerica Lanna, Cavalcanti, Cardoso, Muricy & Klautau, 2009 Paraleucilla sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 125. Paraleucilla sphaerica Lanna et al., 2009: 19. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 417. Paratypes UFPEPOR 430, 564. Taxonomic List TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Lanna et al., 2009 [original description]). Endemic from Brazil. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Family Grantiidae Dendy, 1892 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Grantia GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 9 Fleming, 1828 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Spongia compressa Fabricius, 1780 (by original designation). K Grantia atlantica Ridley, 1881 Grantia atlantica Ridley, 1881: 136; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 1; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1017. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.16. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o32’S–35o46’W, 20o38’05”S– 37o28’W, 70 m depth; 20o40’S–37o48’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species from the city of Vitória. (2) Although treated separately here, Vitória Bank is part of the VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain. K Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Grantia kempfi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1019. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-4. Schizoholotype MNRJ 037. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Goiana (07o40’02”S–34o43’02”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá (02o40’05”N–48o03’W; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Barra de Camaragibe (09o24’02”S– 35o18’02”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Maragogi (09o01’00”S– 34o51’02”W, 54 m depth; 09o01’05”S–35o01’03”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Paripueira (09o41’04”S–35o23’02”W, 41 m depth; 09o41’S–35o18’W, 42 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off São Miguel dos Milagres (09o20’06”S–35o10’07”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m depth; 17o42’S–37o30’W, 50 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Belmonte (16o02’S–38o28’05”W, 47 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Pernambuco State: Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’02”S–34o51’07”W, 25.5 m depth; 08o16’S–34o51’07”W, 25.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Goiana (07o40’02”S–34o43’02”W, 19-20 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Off Recife (08o09’03”S–34o49’03”W, 22 m depth; 08o14’01”S– 34o51’05”W, 24.5 m depth; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Off Caiçara do Norte (04o44’S–36o03’W, 73 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Leucandra Haeckel, 1872 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Sycinula egedii Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequent designation; Dendy & Row, 1913). K Leucandra armata (Urban, 1908) Leuconia armata Urban, 1908: 250; Urban, 1909: 24; Borojevic, 1967: 216; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1026. Leucandra armata, Brøndsted, 1931: 38. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Francis Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off Marajó Island (01o50’N–47o28’05”W, 77 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Maragogi (09o01’05”S–35o01’03”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Piaçabuçu (Pontal do Peba, 10o30’02”S–36o05’05”W, 90 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Ceará State: Off Itarema (02o22’S–39o36’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Pernambuco State: Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o17’04”S– 34o52’02”W, 22.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Recife (08o11’S–34o50’08”W, 20 m depth; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Itamaracá (07o45’S– 34o43’05”W, 19-20 m depth; 07o44’03”S–34o37’03”W, 33 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória- 27 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o25’S–35o00’W, 65 m depth; 20o32’S–35o46’W, 70 m depth; 20o38’05”S– 37o28’W, 70 m depth; 20o40’S–37o48’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Urban, 1908, 1909; Brøndsted, 1931; Borojevic, 1967). K Leucandra barbata (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (new combination) Medon barbata Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 111. Leuconia barbata, de Laubenfels, 1936: 195; Burton, 1963: 236; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1023. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 50. Schizolectotypes USNM 31016, MNHN.D.NBE 1305. Paratype BMNH 1928.11.12.52. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Pernambuco State: Off Recife (08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o25’S–35o00’W, 65 m depth; 20o40’S–37o48’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936); U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas; Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864). REMARKS: As currently accepted (Borojevic et al., 2002a), species of Leucandra have a cortical skeleton of tangential spicules with diactines, if present, penetrating the choanosome; a disorganised choanoskeleton, with traces of radial organization at the subatrial level; an atrial skeleton of triactines and/or tetractines; and sylleibid or leuconoid aquiferous system. Harpoon-shaped pugioles are never present. Therefore, as L. barbata shows these characteristics, it is here transferred to Leucandra. K Leucandra crassior Ridley, 1881 (new status and new combination) Aphroceras caminus sensu Ridley, 1881: 135 (non Leucandra caminus Haeckel, 1872). Aphroceras caminus var. crassior Ridley, 1881: 135; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 2. Leuconia caminus, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1026. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: EspÍrito Santo State: Vitória Bank. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Olinda (08o00’S–34o32’03”W, 70-80 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 28 1881 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Ridley (1881) recorded Leucandra caminus Haeckel, 1872 and described Leucandra caminus var. crassior from Southeast Brazil (Vitória Bank, Espírito Santo State), as he found differences in the spicules size of the specimens. In 1976, Borojevic & Peixinho accepted the synonymy of Leucandra caminus var. crassior with Leucandra caminus, as proposed by Burton (1963) and cited L. caminus from Pernambuco State. However, analysing the original description and the drawings made by Haeckel of L. caminus, we believe that this species is different from the Brazilian specimens studied by Ridley (1881) and Borojevic & Peixinho (1976). According to Haeckel (1872), L. caminus is composed of clathrate tubes. Therefore, we propose here the elevation of the variety Leucandra caminus var. crassior to the species category and we consider that the Brazilian specimens described as L. caminus belong to L. crassior. (2) MelloLeitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species from the city of Vitória. K Leucandra crosslandi Thacker, 1908 Leucandra crosslandi Thacker, 1908: 777; Ferrer-Hernandez, 1918: 15. Leuconia crosslandi, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1028. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde: Boa Vista Island. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (07o29’S–34o45’W, 12 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde Islands (Thacker, 1908), Spain (Asturias; Ferrer-Hernandez, 1918). K Leucandra rudifera (Poléjaeff, 1883) Leuconia rudifera Poléjaeff, 1883: 58; Burton, 1956: 117; Burton, 1963: 292. Leucandra rudifera, Thacker, 1908: 773; Moraes et al., 2006: 167. Leucandra globosa, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.42-44. TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (Poléjaeff, 1883); Cape Verde (Thacker, 1908); West Africa, South Africa (Burton, 1956, 1963). Taxonomic List The specimens from Brazil identified as Leucandra globosa Sarà, 1951 are here included in the synonym of Leucandra rudifera. Burton (1963) considered these and several other species, including the homonymous Leucandra globosa Tanita, 1943, as synonyms of Leucandra barbata (as Leuconia). We prefer to consider them as separate species until a more complete study is done. The Brazilian specimens are more similar to L. rudifera and, if they prove to be synonymous, the name L. rudifera would have priority. REMARKS: K Leucandra hentschelii Brøndsted, 1931 Leucandra serrata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 Leucandra serrata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 11; Muricy et al., 2008: 126; Lanna et al., 2009: 16; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4878. Paratypes UFRJPOR 4879, 4881. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis (Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 [original description]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Family Heteropiidae Dendy, 1892 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Grantessa GENERA: 3 Grantessa anisactina Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Grantessa anisactina Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1013. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-3. Schizoholotype MNRJ 039. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S– 34o29’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 2, 7o29’S–34o29’W, 42 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Sycettusa Leucandra hentschelii Brøndsted, 1931: 40. Leuconia hentschelii, Borojevic, 1967: 220; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1030. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Simonstown. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’07”S–34o54’01”W, 14.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Recife (08o10’04”S–34o45’05”W, 29.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Brøndsted, 1931; Borojevic, 1967). K K SPECIES: 6 Lendenfeld, 1885 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Grantessa sacca Lendenfeld, 1885a (by monotypy). Haeckel, 1872 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Sycetta stauridia Haeckel, 1872 (by monotypy). K Sycettusa flamma (Poléjaeff, 1883) (new combination) Amphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883: 49; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 2. Grantessa flamma, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1011. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.25. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene (03o49’N–49o40’W, 106 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1883 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Grantessa flamma has an inarticulated skeleton and therefore it fits better in Sycettusa than in Grantessa as currently defined (Borojevic et al., 2002a). (2) The Challenger crew used the old name Bahia referring to the city currently known as Salvador, the capital of Bahia State (cf. introductory section). K Sycettusa hastifera (Row, 1909) (new combination) Grantilla hastifera Row, 1909: 200. Grantessa hastifera, Dendy, 1913: 19; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160. Sycettusa cf. hastifera, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 16. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1912.2.1.7. TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan: Suez (Red Sea). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis (Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Red Sea: Sudan (Row, 1909); Indian Ocean (Providence; Dendy, 1913). REMARKS: This species is considered introduced in Brazil (Azevedo & Klautau, 2007). K Sycettusa pelagica (Ridley, 1881) 29 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Nardoa pelagica Ridley, 1881: 133; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 3. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.17. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo State: Vitória Bank. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Burton (1963) transferred this species to the genus Sycettusa. (2) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species from the city of Vitória. E Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Heteropia macera Carter, 1886a (by subsequent designation, Dendy & Row, 1913). K Vosmaeropsis levis Hôzawa, 1940 Vosmaeropsis levis Hôzawa, 1940: 146; Borojevic, 1971: 529; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (there is no indication if from the Atlantic or the Pacific coast). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Hôzawa, 1940). K Vosmaeropsis sericatum (Ridley, 1881) Aphroceras sericatum Ridley, 1881: 134; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 2. Leuconia sericatum, Breitfuss, 1898c: 463. Leucandra sericata, Thacker, 1908: 776. Vosmaeropsis sericatum, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1015. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1879.12.27.15. Paralectotype BMNH 1880.9.1.24-28. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene (03o49’N–49o40’W; 03o16’N– o 49 15’05”W (Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Maceió (09o41’04”S–35o28’02”W, 36 m depth; 09o46’02”S–35o34’07”W, 31 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Maragogi (09o01’05”S–35o01’03”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Marechal Deodoro (09o53’03”S–35o41’03”W, 41 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Piaçabuçu (Pontal do Peba, 10o26’03”S–36o03’03”W, 40 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Bahia State: Off 30 Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Pernambuco State: Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’02”S–34o51’07”W, 25.5 m depth; 08o19’04”S–34o51’06”W, 26.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (03o48.6’S–32o24.8’W, 52 m depth; 03o50’07”S–32o28’01”W, 65 m depth; 03o50’08”S–32o27’05”W, 55 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Olinda (08o01’05”S– 34o39’03”W, 38 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Recife (08o09’09”S–34o45’08”W, 27 m depth; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off São José da Coroa Grande (08o56’02”S–35o02’07”W, 32 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (03o50’S–33o54’W, 47-54 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Grande Seamount (3°28’S–36o06’05”W, 61 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Touros (04o41’S– 35o24’05”W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank (Ridley, 1881 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Punta Arenas, Strait of Magellan; Breitfuss, 1898c); Cape Verde (Thacker, 1908). REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species from the city of Vitória. (2) Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) reported this species from “Calypso sta. 17, 30o48.6’S–32o24.8’W”, a point located 1600 km E of Santa Catarina State coast, in the SW Atlantic. We interpreted this as a missprint of 03o48.6’S–32o24.8’W, located in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, in agreement with Forest (1966). Family Leucosoleniidae Minchin, 1900 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Leucosolenia GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Bowerbank, 1864 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Spongia botryoides Ellis & Solander, 1786 (by original designation). K Leucosolenia arachnoides (Haeckel, 1872) Ascandra variabilis var. arachnoides Haeckel, 1872: 108. Leucosolenia arachnoïdes, Borojevic, 1967: 192. Leucosolenia arachnoides, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1005; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. Taxonomic List Eastern Atlantic Ocean (locality not specified – from Norway to South Africa). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo (Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway, England, Scotland, Ireland, NW France, Morocco (Haeckel, 1872), South Africa (Haeckel, 1872; Borojevic, 1967). TYPE LOCALITY: Family Sycettidae Dendy, 1892 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Sycon GENERA: 1 Risso, 1826 Sycon ampulla (Haeckel, 1870) Sycarium ampulla Haeckel, 1870: 238; Haeckel, 1872: 309. Sycum alopecurus, Haeckel, 1870: 239. Sycum petiolatum, Haeckel, 1870: 239. Sycon petiolatus, Haeckel, 1870: 239. Sycandra ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 308; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 2. Syconella ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309. Sycinula ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309. Sycodendrum ampulla, Haeckel, 1872: 309. Sycandra alopecurus, Haeckel, 1872: 309. Sycandra petiolata, Haeckel, 1872: 309. Sycon ampulla, Topsent, 1892a: 22; Stephens, 1912: 11; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. Sycon ampullum, Jenkin, 1908: 443. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Atlantic coast of South America (locality not informed). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed (Haeckel, 1872 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). South Region: santa catarina State: Florianópolis (Haeckel, 1872 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Ireland (Stephens, 1912); Venezuela (Haeckel, 1872); East South America (Pico Fayal; Topsent, 1892a); East Africa (Wasin; Jenkin, 1908); NW France (Bay of Biscay). REMARKS: Haeckel (1872) and Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) used the old name of Florianópolis, Destêrro, for the locality of collection. Sycon brasiliense Borojevic, 1971 Sycon brasiliense Borojevic, 1971: 528. Sycon braziliense, Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 [misspelling]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1971-2. Paratype MNRJ unregistered (lost). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State: Cabo de São Tomé. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K SPECIES: 5 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). Type species: Sycon humboldti Risso, 1826 (by subsequent designation; Dendy, 1892). K K Sycon frustulosum Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Sycon frustulosum Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1008. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-2. Schizoholotype MNRJ 038 (slides). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (Piedade Beach; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Sycon pentactinale Rossi, Farina, Borojevic & Klautau, 2006 Sycon pentactinalis Rossi et al., 2006: 262. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1716. Paratypes MNRJ 9646-9649. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Rossi et al., 2006 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The epiteth pentactinalis is here changed to pentactinale because the genus name Sycon is neutral, not masculin (Rob van Soest, pers. comm., 2010). K Sycon vigilans Sarà & Gaino, 1971 Sycon vigilans Sarà & Gaino, 1971: 22; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1007; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 49; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. TYPE SPECIMENS: Not located. TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Punta Manara. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (08o06’04”S–34o49’04”W, 19.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro (Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]). 31 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean: Italy (Sarà & Gaino, 1971). Subclass Calcinea BIDDER, 1898 ORDER CLATHRINIDA HARTMAN, 1958 Family Clathrinidae Minchin, 1900 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b). TOTAL OF: E Clathrina GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 14 Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b). Type species: Grantia clathrus Schmidt, 1864. K Clathrina alcatraziensis Lanna, Rossi, Cavalcanti, Hajdu & Klautau, 2007 Clathrina alcatraziensis Lanna et al., 2007a: 1556. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5859. Paratype MNRJ 10410. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (8 m depth; Lanna et al., 2007a [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Clathrina angraensis Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 Clathrina angraensis Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 5. SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4866. Paratypes UFRJPOR 4864, 4873. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (2 m depth; Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. TYPE K Clathrina ascandroides Borojevic, 1971 Clathrina ascandroides Borojevic, 1971: 527; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 995; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987: 2; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 48; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 399; Klautau & Valentine 2003: 5; Ferreira et al., 2006: 1343. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2096. Paratype MNHN. LBIM.C 1971-1. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Cabo de São Tomé. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off Augusto Corrêa (00o38’N–45o52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic 32 & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]). Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [original description]; Klautau & Valentine 2003 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic: France, Spain (Bay of Biscay; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987). K Clathrina aspina Klautau, Solé-Cava & Borojevic, 1994 Clathrina aspina Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 401; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 6; Azevedo & Klautau, 2007: 4. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.3. Paratype MNRJ 4053 (not located). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (2 m depth, Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Klautau et al., 1994a [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Clathrina atlantica (Thacker, 1908) Leucosolenia atlantica Thacker, 1908: 760; Tanita, 1943: 380. Clathrina atlantica, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 994; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 7. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype CUMZ-R.N.5. Paratype CUMZR.N.4. Slide from the holotype BMNH 1924.7.2.6. Slide from the paratype BMNH 1924.7.2.5. TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde: Boa Vista. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Off Itarema (02o10’S–39o50’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Grande Seamount (3°28’S–36o06’05”W, 61 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Natal (05o45’05”S–34o58’05”W, 45 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o32’S–35o46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Thacker, 1908; Klautau & Valentine, 2003); Japan (Tanita, 1943). REMARKS: There are important morphological differences between specimens of C. atlantica from Cape Verde, Taxonomic List Japan, and Brazil. They are probably different species and the Brazilian population might need a new species name, but molecular studies are required to test this hypothesis. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1989-2. Arraial do TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K Clathrina aurea Solé-Cava, Klautau, Boury-Esnault, Borojevic & Thorpe, 1991 Clathrina aurea Solé-Cava et al., 1991: 385; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 401; Klautau & Valentine 2003: 9; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 85; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1554; Muricy et al., 2008: 128; Lanna et al., 2009: 4; Santos et al., 2010b: 605. Clathrina sp. 1, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1989-1. Paratype BMNH 1999.9.19.6. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [ecology]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Solé-Cava et al., 1991 [original description]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna et al., 2007a [description]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Lanna et al., 2007a [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. state: Arraial do Cabo (Solé-Cava et al., 1991 [original description]; Klautau et al., 1994a [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]). Cabo de São Tomé (Borojevic, 1971 [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The specimens described as Clathrina cerebrum by Borojevic (1971) were reexamined here. They present several rows of spines in the apical actine of the tetractines, which is a diagnostic characteristic of C. brasiliensis (Figure 3 in Borojevic, 1971). K Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cava, Klautau, BouryEsnault, Borojevic & Thorpe, 1991 Clathrina cerebrum sensu Borojevic, 1971: 526 (non Clathrina cerebrum (Haeckel, 1872) [new synonym]). Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cava et al., 1991: 382; Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 403; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 11. Clathrina conifera Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 Clathrina primordialis sensu Borojevic, 1971: 527; Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 228; Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160 [non Clathrina primordialis (Haeckel, 1872)]. Clathrina conifera Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 404; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 18; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 86; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1554. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.19. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description]; Klautau et al., 1994a [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [original description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna et al., 2007a [description]). Ubatuba (Borojevic, 1971 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K K Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro Clathrina cylindractina Klautau, Solé-Cava & Borojevic, 1994 Clathrina cylindractina Klautau et al., 1994a: 372; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 407; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 24. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.21. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. 33 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Klautau et al., 1994a [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Clathrina quadriradiata Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 Clathrina quadriradiata Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 408; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 35. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.30. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [original description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Clathrina reticulum (Schmidt, 1862) Nardoa reticulum Schmidt, 1862: 18; Schmidt, 1869: 91; Schmidt, 1870: 73. Tarrus reticulatus, Haeckel, 1870: 244. Nardopsis reticulum, Haeckel, 1870: 247. Ascandra reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 87; Vosmaer, 1881: 5; Lendenfeld, 1891: 39; Breitfuss, 1898d: 92; Brøndsted, 1914: 530. Olynthus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88. Clistolynthus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88. Soleniscus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88. Nardorus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88. Tarrus reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88. Auloplegma reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88. Ascometra reticulum, Haeckel, 1872: 88. Ascandra retiformis, Haeckel, 1872: 88; Breitfuss, 1932: 243. Clathrina reticulum, Minchin, 1896: 359; Borojevic, 1967: 189; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 993; Borojevic & BouryEsnault, 1987: 12; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 36. Leucosolenia reticulum, Breitfuss, 1930: 275; Breitfuss, 1932: 243; Topsent, 1934b: 9; Breitfuss, 1935: 14; Topsent, 1936: 22; Hôzawa, 1940: 32; Arndt, 1940: 4; Tanita, 1942b: 82; Tanita, 1943: 386. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1896.9.15.13. TYPE LOCALITY: France: Banyuls-sur-Mer (NW Mediterranean). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off Augusto Corrêa (00o38’N–45o52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (08o09’09”S– 34o45’08”W, 27 m depth; 08o16’01”S–34o19’09”W, 35.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (20o25’S–35o00’W, 65 m 34 depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Arctic (e.g., Breitfuss, 1932), northeast Atlantic (e.g., Schmidt, 1869; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987), “extreme western north and Iceland” (Schmidt, 1870), Adriatic Sea (Breitfuss, 1935), Mediterranean Sea (e.g., Schmidt, 1862; Haeckel, 1872; Topsent, 1934b, 1936; Tanita, 1942b), Portugal (Arndt, 1940), South Africa (Borojevic, 1967), Japan (e.g., Hôzawa, 1940; Tanita, 1943). REMARKS: The identification of the Brazilian specimens is doubtful and needs revision. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: K Clathrina tetractina Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 Clathrina tetractina Klautau & Borojevic, 2001: 408; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 42; Lanna et al., 2007a: 1556. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1999.9.16.33. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Klautau & Borojevic, 2001 [original description]; Klautau & Valentine, 2003 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Lanna et al., 2007a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Guancha Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b). Type species: Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 (by monotypy). K Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868: 221; Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987: 14; Barthel & Tendal, 1993: 84; Janussen et al., 2003: 17; Rapp, 2006: 352. Ascetta blanca, Haeckel, 1872: 38; Hansen, 1885: 20; Lendenfeld, 1891: 34; Arnesen, 1901: 9; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 3. Leucosolenia blanca, Lackschewitsch, 1886: 300; Breitfuss, 1896: 426; Breitfuss, 1898a: 13; Breitfuss, 1898e: 105; Breitfuss, 1911: 224; Derjugin, 1915: 289; Breitfuss, 1927: 27; Arndt, 1928: 19; Hôzawa, 1929: 282; Brøndsted, 1931: 12; Breitfuss, 1930: 275; Breitfuss, 1932: 240; Breitfuss, 1935: 7; Breitfuss, 1936: 5; Topsent, 1936: 9; Arndt, 1941: 45; Tanita, 1942b: 75. Clathrina blanca, Minchin, 1896: 359; Jenkin, 1908: 438; Borojevic, 1971: 525; Ereskovsky, 1995: 730. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Canary Islands: Lanzarote. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ubatuba (Borojevic, 1971 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis (Haeckel, 1872 Taxonomic List [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). Arctic (Hansen, 1885); Barents Sea – Spitzbergen (Breitfuss, 1896, 1898a, 1898b, 1932); NW Russia (Breitfuss, 1911; Derjugin, 1915); White Sea (Barthel & Tendal, 1993; Ereskovsky, 1995); Canary Islands - Lanzarote (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868; Haeckel, 1872); Bay of Biscaye (Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987); Norwegian coast (Arnesen, 1901; Burton, 1930; Breitfuss, 1936; Janussen et al., 2003; Rapp, 2006). Baltic Sea (Breitfuss, 1927; Arndt, 1928). Adriatic Sea (Lesina; Lendenfeld, 1891; Breitfuss, 1935). Mediterranean Sea (Lackschewitsch, 1886; Minchin, 1896; Topsent, 1936). South Africa, Indian Ocean, California, Philippines (Haeckel, 1872). Japan (Haeckel, 1872; Hôzawa, 1929; Tanita, 1943). East Africa (Jenkin, 1908). Antarctic (Brøndsted, 1931). REMARKS: (1) This allegedly cosmopolitan species probably is a species complex and needs revision. (2) Haeckel (1872) and Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) referred to Florianópolis by its old name, Destêrro. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: K Guancha tetela Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Guancha tetela Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 998. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1975-1. Schizoholotype MNRJ 040. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17o55’S– 37o30’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (17o55’S–37o30’W, 47 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Family Leucaltidae Dendy & Row, 1913 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b). TOTAL OF: E Leucaltis GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Haeckel, 1872 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b). Type species: Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequent designation, Dendy & Row, 1913). K Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872 Leucaltis clathria Haeckel, 1872: 159; Dendy, 1913: 16; Hôzawa, 1940: 136; Arndt, 1940: 46; Tanita, 1943: 394; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1002; Borojevic, 1998: 75; Wörheide & Hooper, 1999: 877; Borojevic & Klautau, 2000: 190; Borojevic et al., 2002b: 1148; Muricy et al., 2008: 131; Lanna et al., 2009: 13. Artynas clathria Haeckel, 1872: 159. Heteropegma nodus gordii Poléjaeff, 1883: 45; Lendenfeld, 1885a: 1107; Dendy, 1892: 113; Dendy, 1893: 242; Hanitsch, 1895: 209; Dendy, 1905: 230; Jenkin, 1908: 453. Leucaltis bathybia var. mascarenica Ridley, 1884: 628. Clathrina latitubulata Carter, 1886b: 515. Heteropegma latitubulata, Dendy, 1892: 114. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.C 1968.667 (cf. Borojevic et al., 2002b). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off Marajó Island (01o57’05”N–47o13’05”W, 93 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Coruripe (10o12’06”S–36o00’05”W, 21 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Ceará State: Off Itarema (02o10’S–39o50’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (03o50’S–33o54’W, 4755 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Caiçara do Norte (04o44’S–36o03’W, 73 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Grande Seamount (3°28’0.00”S–36o06’05”W, 61 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Sergipe State: Off Pacatuba (off the mouth of São Francisco River, 10o42’S–36o22’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o32’S–35o46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean: U.S.A. (Florida; Haeckel, 1872), off Bermuda (Poléjaeff, 1883), Portugal (Hanitsch, 1895; Arndt, 1940). Indian Ocean: Sri Lanka (Dendy, 1905), Amirante Group, Seychelles (Ridley, 1884; Dendy, 1913), Egmont reef (Dendy, 1913; Hôzawa, 1940), Cargados Carajos (Dendy, 1913); E Africa (Wasin; Jenkin, 1908), N and S Australia (Carter, 1886b; Dendy, 1892, 1893; Poléjaeff, 1883). Western Pacific: New Caledonia (Borojevic, 1998; Borojevic & Klautau, 2000), Japan (Tanita, 1943). REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species strongly needs revision (Borojevic e al., 2002b). Family Leucascidae Dendy, 1892 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Ascaltis GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3 Haeckel, 1872 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002a). TYPE SPECIes: Ascaltis lamarcki Haeckel, 1872 (by subsequent designation, Borojevic, 1968). 35 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera K Ascaltis poterium (Haeckel, 1872) Ascetta primordialis var. poterium Haeckel, 1872: 17. Clathrina poterium, Ridley, 1881: 133. Ascetta poterium, Lendenfeld, 1885a: 898; Lendenfeld, 1885b: 1084. Leucosolenia poterium, Poléjaeff, 1883: 35; Breitfuss, 1898c: 457; Breitfuss, 1932: 242. Ascaltis poterium, Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1000. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Australia. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (Piedade Beach; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Haeckel, 1872; Poléjaeff, 1883; Lendenfeld, 1885a, 1885b), Arctic (Breitfuss, 1932), Chile (Ridley, 1881; Breitfuss, 1898c). REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species also needs revision. E Leucascus Dendy, 1892 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b). Type species: Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 (by subsequent designation, Dendy & Row, 1913). K Leucascus roseus Lanna, Rossi, Cavalcanti, Hajdu & Klautau, 2007 Leucascus roseus Lanna et al., 2007a: 1558; Muricy et al., 2008: 129; Lanna et al., 2009: 5. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5827. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Lanna et al., 2007a [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892: 77; Kirk, 1897: 313; Dendy, 1913: 9; Row & Hôzawa, 1931: 742; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1001; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes NMV F42415, F42416, F42418, F42419, BMNH 1925.11.1.34, 1925.11.1.34a (slide of BMNH 1925.11.1.34), NMV F42417 (slide of BMNH 1925.11.1.34), BMNH 1925.11.1.1730 (slide of NMV F42418), BMNH 1925.11.1.1731 (slide of NMV F42419). TYPE LOCALITY: South Australia. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off Augusto 36 Corrêa (00o38’N–45o52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Port Jackson (Dendy, 1892), Port Phillip Heads (Dendy, 1892), Shark’s Bay District, Geraldton District, Freemantle, Bunbury (Row & Hôzawa, 1931). Indian Ocean: Providence, Seychelles (Dendy, 1913). New Zealand (Kirk, 1897). REMARKS: The Brazilian specimens were probably misidentified and their identity should be checked. Family Leucettidae de Laubenfels, 1936 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b). TOTAL OF: E Leucetta GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2 Haeckel, 1872 For synonyms see Borojevic et al. (2002b). Type species: Leucetta primigenia Haeckel, 1872 (by original designation). K Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) Leucaltis floridana Haeckel, 1872: 144. Dyssycus floridanus, Haeckel, 1872: 144. Lipostomella floridana, Haeckel, 1872: 144. Amphoriscus floridanus, Haeckel, 1872: 144. Leucaltis pura Haeckel, 1872: 144. Leucaltis impura Haeckel, 1872: 144. Leucilla floridana, Jenkin, 1908: 453. Leucetta microraphis Tanita, 1942a: 111; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976: 1003. Leucetta floridana, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 146; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 132; Valderrama et al., 2009: 9; Lanna et al., 2009: 7. Leucetta aff. floridana, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 99. Leucetta sp., Moraes et al., 2003: 17. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (cf. Burton, 1963). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off Augusto Corrêa (00o38’N–45o52’05”W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Barra de Santo Antonio (09o27’08”S–35o12’07”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Coruripe (10o12’06”S– 36o00’05”W, 21 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Japaratinga (09o11’01”S–34o57’W, 52 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Maceió (09o46’02”S–35o34’07”W, 31 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Piaçabuçu (Pontal do Peba, 10o30’02”S–36o05’05”W, 90 m depth; Borojevic Taxonomic List & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Bahia State: Abrolhos (Abrolhos Archipelago, Tanita, 1942a [description]; Parcel das Paredes, Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). Off Abrolhos (Calypso sta. 79, 18o09’S–38o20’W, 33 m depth; 18o06’S–38o42’W, 37 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Ceará State: Locality not informed (Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). Off Acaraú (02o04’S–40o13’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Bitupitá (02o20’S–41o20’W, 65 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Canopus Seamount (02o15’S–38o15’W, 69-72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Caucaia (03o12’S–38o30’W, 72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Fortaleza (02o49’S–38o15’W, 72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Itarema (02o10’S–39o50’W, 65 m depth; 02o22’S– 39o36’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Trairi (02o52’05”S–38o49’W, 72 m depth; 02o52’S–39o04’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Maranhão State: Off São Luís (00o56’S–43o41’05”W, 49 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Paraíba State: Off João Pessoa (07o08’S–34o26’W, 62 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Rio Tinto (06o47’S–34o36’W, 72 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Pernambuco State: Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o20’S–34o39’W, 73-74 m depth; 08o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). Off Goiana (07o40’S–34o28’07”W, 60-88 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Itamaracá (07o45’S–34o33’W, 40 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Olinda (08o00’S– 34o46’W, 20-24 m depth; 08o00’S–34o39’07”W, 33 m depth; 08o00’S–34o32’03”W, 70-80 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Recife (08o10’04”S– 34o45’05”W, 29.5 m depth; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W, 30.5 m depth; 08o16’01”S–34o19’09”W, 35.5 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off São José da Coroa Grande (08o56’02”S–34o57’07”W, 36 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (03o50’S–33o54’W, 47-54 m depth (Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). Off Caiçara do Norte (04o44’S–36o03’W, 73 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Icapuí (04o27’S–37o04’W, 58 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Macau (4o40’S– 36o34’W, 63 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Off Natal (05o41’05”S–35o05’06”W, 23 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Lanna et al., 2009 [description]; Valderrama et al., 2009 [description]). Sergipe State: Off Pacatuba (10o42’07”S–36o31’07”W, 27 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o32’S–35o46’W, 70 m depth; Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean: U.S.A. (Florida; Haeckel, 1872), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Colombia, Panama (Valderrama et al., 2009), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998). Indian Ocean: ?Wasin (East Africa; Jenkin, 1908). REMARKS: The record from Wasin by Jenkin (1908) needs confirmation (cf. Borojevic & Klautau, 2000). K Leucetta potiguar Lanna, Cavalcanti, Cardoso, Muricy & Klautau, 2009 Leucetta sp., Valderrama et al., 2009: 5. Leucetta potiguar Lanna et al., 2009: 9. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 569. Paratypes UFPEPOR 588, 591. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. Northeast Region: Ceará State: Locality not informed (Valderrama et al., 2009 [genetics]; Lanna et al., 2009 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Valderrama et al., 2009 [genetics]; Lanna et al., 2009 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: CLASS DEMOSPONGIAE SOLLAS, 1885a ORDER AGELASIDA HARTMAN, 1980 Family Agelasidae Verrill, 1907 TOTAL OF: E Agelas GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 8 Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 For synonyms see van Soest (2002a). TYPE SPECIes: Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 76 (by subsequent designation; Burton & Rao, 1932). K Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt, 1870) Chalinopsis clathrodes Schmidt, 1870: 60. Agelas clathrodes, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 131; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 110; Zea, 1987: 217; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 98; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 63; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 37 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 81; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 154; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 470; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Oliveira, 2007a: 31; Muricy et al., 2008: 81; Lira et al., 2010: 158. Agelas clatrodis, Neves & Omena, 2003: 125 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: “Types” (fragments) BMNH 1870.5.3.161, MZUS PO-138 (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Caracas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Oliveira, 2007a [description]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C5-12R, 17.042oS–37.608oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archi-pelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Oliveira, 2007a [description]). Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-22F, 20.604oS–35.860oW, 110 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C2-23R, 20.483oS–36.100oW, 60 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C5-44R, 20.857oS–33.636oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Oliveira, 2007a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999), Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Venezuela (Schmidt, 1870; Alvarez et al., 1990). K Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870) Chalinopsis conifera Schmidt, 1870: 60. Agelas conifera, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 108; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 65; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 154; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Diaz, 2005: 470; Muricy et al., 2006: 141. 38 TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-29R, 19.800oS–37.773oW, 58 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antilles (Schmidt, 1870), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). K Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 76; BouryEsnault, 1973: 285; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 131; PulitzerFinali, 1986: 107; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1216; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 154; Santos et al., 1999: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; van Soest, 2002a: 820; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 470; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Mothes et al., 2007a: 85; Muricy et al., 2008: 83; Moraes, 2009: 362. Agelas sparsus (Gray, 1867) sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 1999: 57; Santos et al., 2002b: 391. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 607. TYPE LOCALITies: Guadeloupe; St. Martin; U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Croix, St. Thomas; Puerto Rico: Vieques (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off the mouth of the Amazon River (00º26’00”S–47º35’05”W, 24-25 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (Calypso sta. 80, 18o09’S–38o30’W, 50 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Ceará State: Locality not informed (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). Off Beberibe (REVIZEE NE sta. 210, 3o50.5598’S–37o37.6930’W, 116 m depth; Santos et al., Taxonomic List 1999 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Maranhão State: Off Barreirinhas (01º55’00”S–42º44’00”W, 63 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 22, 8o15’S–34o42’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S– 34o42’W, 51 m depth; Calypso sta. 25, 8o22’S–34o44’W, 3852 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta. 213, 4o38.7100’S–36o44.6629’W, 52 m depth; sta. 215, 4o38.4941’S–36o42.9565’W, 77.5 m depth; Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [description]). Off São Mateus (Calypso sta. 90, 18o51’S–39o08’W, 49 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-23R, 20.483oS–36.100oW, 60 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C2-45R, 20.951oS–34.006oW, 125 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), St. Martin (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). K Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815) Alcyonium sceptrum Lamarck, 1815: 163. Agelas sceptrum, Alcolado, 1976: 5; Zea, 1987: 215; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 100; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert, 1993: 50; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 155; Mothes et al., 2007a: 84 (for further synonymy see Zea, 1987: 215). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN unregistered (Lamarck Collection). TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown. Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off Cururupu (00º51’44”S–44º21’24”W, 100 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º22’00”S–44º52’00”W, 72 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Cuba (Alcolado, 1976), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902 Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902: 398; Zea, 1987: 210; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 102; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 156; Alcolado, 2002: 61; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Mothes et al., 2007a: 86; Muricy & Heim, 2007a: 32; Muricy et al., 2008: 84 (non Agelas schmidti sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 129 [= Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 7683. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: Off St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007a [description]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Ilhéus (REVIZEE sta. C5-4R, 14.808oS–38.917oW, 20 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Maranhão State: Off Tutóia (Parnaíba River Delta, 02º14.21’49”S–42º00.12’20”W, 72 m depth; 02º12’00”S–41º48’00”W, 56 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007a [description]). Off Itaúnas (REVIZEE sta. C5-17R, 18.663oS–37.870oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6Y7, 20.849oS–40.167oW, 75 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-46R, 20.676oS–34.589oW, 108 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands (Wilson, 1902), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). 39 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera K Agelas sventres Lehnert & van Soest, 1996 Agelas sventres Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 65; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 156: Muricy et al., 2008: 85. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 11322. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999). K Agelas tubulata Lehnert & van Soest, 1996 Agelas tubulata Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 67; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 156; Muricy et al., 2006: 141. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 11323. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1999). K Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984 1976: 252; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Santos et al., 2002b: 388 (non Asteropus simplex Carter, 1879b). Asteropus brasiliensis Hajdu & van Soest, 1992: 4; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Alcolado, 2002: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 388; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 41. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 3022. Paratypes UFRJPOR 2575, 2814, 2889, 2908, 2913, 2915a, 2974, 3027, 3038. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & van Soest, 1992 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu & van Soest, 1992 [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). K Agelas schmidti sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 129 (non Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902). Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984: 11; Mothes et al., 2007a: 87. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype IdO-409. TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba: Havana. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (01º34’36”S–43º15’57”W, 60 m depth; 00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Cuba (Alcolado, 1984). Asteropus niger Hajdu & van Soest, 1992 Stellettinopsis ketostea sensu Alcolado, 1980: 6 (non Stellettinopsis ketostea de Laubenfels, 1950 [= Asteropus ketostea]). Asteropus niger Hajdu & van Soest, 1992: 10; Alcolado, 2002: 56; Muricy et al., 2008: 43. Holoxea sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (new synonym). TYPE SPECIMENS: ZMAPOR 5715. TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao. RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba (Alcolado, 1980, 2002), Curaçao (Hajdu & van Soest, 1992). ORDER ASTROPHORIDA SOLLAS, 1888 E Holoxea Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870 For synonyms see Uriz (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Asteropus GENERA: 7 SPECIES: 19 Sollas, 1888 Type species: Stellettinopsis simplex Carter, 1879b (by monotypy). K Asteropus brasiliensis Hajdu & van Soest, 1992 Asteropus simplex sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel, 40 Topsent, 1892 Type species: Holoxea furtiva Topsent, 1892b (by monotypy). K Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973 Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 2002b: 388; Moraes et al., 2006: 167. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 964 (Fig. 5A). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte Taxonomic List State: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We fixed here as the holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously recorded this species from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. E Jaspis Gray, 1867 Type species: Vioa johnstonii Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy). K Jaspis johnstonii (Schmidt, 1862) Vioa johnstonii Schmidt, 1862: 78. Coppatias johnstoni, Topsent, 1900: 270. Jaspis johnstoni, Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 59; van Soest, 1993: 210. Jaspis johnstonii, Uriz, 2002a: 115. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes LMJG 15256, 15258, 15268, 15649 (cf. Uriz, 2002a). TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Sibenik (“Sebenico”). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31o02’S–49o37’W, 150 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1978 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde, Croatia, Spain (Mediterranean coast), France (NE Atlantic coast) (Schmidt, 1862; Topsent, 1900; Uriz, 2002a). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). K Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973 Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973: 272; Hechtel, 1976: 254. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 956 (Fig. 5B). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Off São Mateus (18o51’S–39o08’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off São Mateus (Calypso sta. 90, 18o51’S–39o08’W, 49 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We fixed here as the holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. E Penares Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Uriz (2002a). Type species: Stelletta helleri Schmidt, 1864 (by monotypy). K Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973 Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973: 271; Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1029 (Fig. 5C, D). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Maceió (9o40’S– 35o18’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Maceió (Calypso sta. 31, 9o40’S–35o18’W, 50 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. K Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973 Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973: 271; Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 944 (Fig. 5E). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S– 34o29’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 2, 7o29’S–34o29’W, 42 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We fixed here the single specimen deposited in the MNHN collection as the holotype by monotypy. E Rhabdastrella Thiele, 1903 For synonyms see Uriz (2002a). Type species: Coppatias distinctus Thiele, 1900 (by original designation). K Rhabdastrella fibrosa Hechtel, 1983 Rhabdastrella sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253. Rhabdastrella (Aurorella) fibrosa Hechtel, 1983: 81; Santos et al., 2002b: 388. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5730 (Fig. 5F). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). 41 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Endemic from Brazil. The subgeneric classification was abandoned following Uriz (2002a). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: REMARKS: K Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973 Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973: 270; Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1023 (Fig. 5G). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S– 34o30’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. E Stelletta Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see Uriz (2002a). Type species: Stelletta grubei Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; Burton & Rao, 1932). K Stelletta anancora (Sollas, 1886) Pilochrota anancora Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 132. Stelletta anancora, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest, 1993: 212 (non Stelletta anancora sensu Burton, 1954: 220; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983a: 68; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59 [= Stelletta gigas]). Myriastra anancora, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269. Stelletta (Pilochrota) anancora, Hechtel, 1976: 242. ?Stelletta cf. anancora, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 26. Complexo Stelletta anancora, Oliveira, 2007b: 33. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.56 (by monotypy). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Oliveira, 2007b [description]). Off Abrolhos (18o09’S–38o30’W and 18o06’S–38o42’W; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Off Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W; BouryEsnault, 1973 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Oliveira, 2007b [description]). 42 Barbados? (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993) REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the type locality (Salvador) was called “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) The precise locality of the collection site of Hechtel (1976) record from Recife was not indicated by the author, who stated only “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the labels of specimens YPM 8957 and 9016. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: K Stelletta anasteria Esteves & Muricy, 2005 Stelletta anasteria Esteves & Muricy, 2005: 45. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6710. Paratypes MNRJ 6699 (Fig. 6A), 6713. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago (Esteves & Muricy, 2005 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Stelletta beae Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 Myriastra purpurea sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985a: 322. Stelletta purpurea sensu Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 50 (non Stelletta purpurea Ridley, 1884: 473). Stelletta sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36. Stelletta beae Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003: 4; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 39. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3702. Paratypes MNRJ 280, 281, 282, 487, 491, 513, 575, 596, 712, 728, 729, UFRJPOR 3606. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: State not informed (Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo; Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Sepetiba (Mothes de Moraes, 1985a [description]; Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; 0-2 m depth, Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas (0.8 m depth; Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]; Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Porto Belo (Mothes de Moraes, 1985a [description]; Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Taxonomic List K Stelletta crassispicula (Sollas, 1886) Pilochrota crassispicula Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 128. Stelletta crassispicula, Lendenfeld, 1903: 43; Topsent, 1928: 123; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest, 1993: 213. TYPE SPECIMENS: Two syntypes BMNH unregistered (cf. Sollas, 1888). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Lendenfeld, 1903 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Topsent, 1928; van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: (1) This species has been considered a junior synonym of Stelletta anancora (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973), but is accepted here as valid following Hajdu & Carvalho (2003). (2) The city of Salvador was referred to as “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). K Stelletta gigas (Sollas, 1886a) Pilochrota gigas Sollas, 1886a: 190; Sollas, 1888: 124. Stelletta anancora sensu Burton, 1954: 220; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983a: 68; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59 [non Stelletta anancora (Sollas, 1886a)]. Stelletta gigas, Lendenfeld, 1903: 43; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008: 44; Moraes et al., 2009: 163 (non Stelletta cf. gigas van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 24). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH unregistered. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Lendenfeld, 1903 [description]; Burton, 1954 [description]; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983a [biogeography]; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Moraes et al., 2009 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. remarks: The specimen reported by Burton (1954) from São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago is deposited at BMNH 1938.6.30.6 (Fig. 5H). K Stelletta hajdui Lerner & Mothes, 1999 Stelletta hajdui Lerner & Mothes, 1999: 86. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3240. Schizoholotype (slides) from holotype deposited in ZMAPOR. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande (32º24’S–50º15’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande (32º24’S–50º15’W; Lerner & Mothes, 1999 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Stelletta kallitetilla (de Laubenfels, 1936) Myriastra kallitetilla de Laubenfels, 1936: 169; Rützler et al., 2000: 234. Stelletta kallitetilla, Alcolado, 2002: 56; Cosme & Peixinho, 2007: 175. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22466. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida (Dry Tortugas). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (<10 m depth, Cosme & Peixinho, 2007 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 1980, 2002), U.S.A. (Dry Tortugas, Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Stelletta ruetzleri Mothes & Silva, 2002 Stelletta ruetzleri Mothes & Silva, 2002: 71; Mothes et al., 2003: 67; Mothes et al., 2006c: 66. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2198. Schizoholotype ZMAPOR 16399 (slides). Paratypes MCN 2201, BMNH 2000.12.14.1. Schizoparatypes MCN 1593 (slides), MCN 2200 (slides), MCZ 32382, USNM 51559. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande (32o24’S–50o15’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (128-200 m depth, Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Off Rio Grande (32o24’S–50o15’W, R./V. Atlântico Sul, 200 m depth, Mothes & Silva, 2002 [original description]). Off Tavares (31°20’S–49°52’W, R./V. Atlântico Sul, 128 m depth, Mothes & Silva, 2002 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Stelletta soteropolitana Cosme & Peixinho, 2007 Stelletta soteropolitana Cosme & Peixinho, 2007: 173. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFBA 500-POR. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Brazil: Bahia State: Salvador (<10 m depth, Cosme & Peixinho, 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Tribrachium Weltner, 1882 For synonyms see Uriz (2002a). Type species: Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882 (by monotypy). K Tribrachium schmidtii Weltner, 1882 Tribrachion schmidtii Weltner, 1882: 50. 43 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Tribrachium schmidtii, Sollas, 1888: 154; Wilson, 1902: 385; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Uriz, 2002a: 124; Muricy et al., 2006: 115; Monteiro, 2007a: 34. Tribrachuim schmidtii, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1889.1.71d (cf. Uriz, 2002a; Fig. 6B). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Bahia, espírito santo or Rio de Janeiro state; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (12.6–36 m depth; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Uriz, 2002a [description]; Monteiro, 2007a [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Monteiro, 2007a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (“off Morro Light”, Atlantic coast; Weltner, 1882), Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902). REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the new type locality (Salvador) was referred to as “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) The Challenger specimens (Sollas, 1888) are deposited at BMNH 1889.1.1.71. Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Uriz (2002b). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 3 E Caminus SPECIES: 20 Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see Uriz (2002b). Type species: Caminus vulcani Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy). K Caminus sphaeroconia Sollas, 1886 Caminus sphaeroconia Sollas, 1886a: 196; Sollas, 1888: 214; Wilson, 1902: 386; Uliczka, 1929: 52; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 16. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.78 (three specimens; Fig. 6C, D), 1894.11.16.297. Schizosyntype USNM 34661. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902), Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), U.S. Virgin Islands (Uliczka, 1929). REMARKS: The city closest to the type locality (Salvador) was referred to as Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). E Erylus 44 Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Uriz (2002b). Type species: Stelletta mammillaris Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy). K Erylus alleni de Laubenfels, 1934 Erylus alleni de Laubenfels, 1934: 7; Mothes et al., 1999: 372; Mothes et al., 2003: 66; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Mothes et al., 2006c: 64; Vieira et al., 2010: 438. Erylus transiens sensu Muricy et al., 2008: 46 (non Stelletta transiens Weltner, 1882; non Erylus transiens sensu Topsent, 1892a from Azores). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22268 (Fig. 6E). Schizoholotype MCN 3449 (slides). TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off Serrano do Maranhão (00o22’00”S–44o12’00”W, 43 m depth; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31°20’S–48°40’W, 150 m depth, Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). Off Tramandaí (30°25’S–48°48’W, 165 m depth, Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels, 1934). REMARKS: The name Erylus alleni is preferred over E. transiens until the type specimens of Weltner (1882) and de Laubenfels (1934) are carefully compared and their synonymy is confirmed or rejected definitely (see van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Mothes et al., 1999; Moraes & Muricy, 2007b; Vieira et al., 2010). For the time being, we decided to include under the name E. alleni the Brazilian records of both species. K Erylus almirante Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010 Erylus sp., Muricy et al., 2006: 115 (in part). Erylus almirante Vieira et al., 2010: 439. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6599-G. Paratypes MNRJ 6599-A–F; MNRJ 6594-A, B. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (22.382°S–37.588°W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382°S–37.588°W, 250-500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of Sta. C6-Y2 as being 270 m. Taxonomic List K Erylus corneus Boury-Esnault, 1973 Erylus corneus Boury-Esnault, 1973: 268; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Mothes et al., 1999: 375; Vieira et al., 2010: 438. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 975. Schizoholotype MCN 2505 (slide). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S– 34o30’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as the holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection (erroneously called schizotype by Moraes & Muricy, 2007b). K Erylus diminutus Mothes, Lerner & Silva, 1999 Erylus oxyaster sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 65 (non Erylus oxyaster Lendenfeld, 1910; taxonomic decision by Mothes et al., 1999). Erylus diminutus Mothes et al., 1999: 371, Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Mothes et al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Vieira et al., 2010: 438. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 347. Schizoholotype ZMAPOR unregistered (slides). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (30º50’S–49º13’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (R/V Prof. W. Besnard sta. 401, 30°50’S–49°13’W, 183 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1978 [description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). Off Tavares (REVIZEE Sul sta. 25, 31o17’S–49o42’W, 145 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Santa Catarina State: Off Laguna (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6816, 29º33.25’S–47º58.63’W, 366 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Erylus fluminense Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010 Erylus sp. 2, Muricy et al., 2006: 115. Erylus fluminense Vieira et al., 2010: 442. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3252. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (22.376°S–37.659°W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (Revizee sta. 37F, 22.376°S–37.659°W, 380-500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [original description]). Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of sta. 37F as 552 m. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: K Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886 Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886a: 195; Sollas, 1888: 209; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 17; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 267; VolkmerRibeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975: 4; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 181; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 127; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 18; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 76; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Mothes et al., 1999: 375; Santos et al., 1999: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 388; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 472; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 45; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 25; Vieira et al., 2010: 438. Erylus clavatus Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 80; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 77. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.77 (Fig. 6F). Schizoholotypes MCN 3769 (Mothes et al., 1999), BMNH 1894.11.16.290, 1894.11.16.291 (slides) (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). Salvador (14-40 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Ceará State: Off Beberibe (03o54’S–37o38’W, 44 m depth, Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; REVIZEE NE sta. 208, 3o54.5172’S– 37o38.0082’W, 43.5 m depth, Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Maranhão State: Off Araioses (02o07’35”S–41o55’46”W, 72 m depth, Mothes et al., 1999 [description]). Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Cárdenas et al., 2009 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta. 213, 4o38.7100’S–36o44.6629’W, 52 m depth, Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Guarapari (20°36’S–40°23’W, 3-12 m depth; Solé-Cava et 45 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera al., 1981 [description]; Mothes et al., 1999 [description]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31o02’S–49o37’W, 154 m depth; VolkmerRibeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975 [description]). Off Tramandaí (30o25’S–48o48’W, 165 m depth; VolkmerRibeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Barbados, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Panama, Bonaire, Curaçao, Venezuela, Mexico (Wiedenmayer, 1977; Alcolado, 2002; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas et al., 2009). REMARKS: The city nearest to the type locality (Salvador) was called “Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). K Erylus latens Moraes & Muricy, 2007 Erylus cf. formosus sensu Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 63 (non Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886a). Erylus sp. nov., Moraes et al., 2006: 167. Erylus latens Moraes & Muricy, 2007b: 471; Moraes et al., 2009: 163; Vieira et al., 2010: 438. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7397. Paratypes MNRJ 3571, 3572, 4742, 4748, 7375, 7399, 7407, 7409, 7419. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (3-16 m depth; Moraes & Muricy, 2007b [original description]; Moraes et al., 2009 [ecology]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (15-25 m depth, Moraes & Muricy, 2007b [original description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Erylus revizee Vieira, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010 Erylus sp., Muricy et al., 2006: 115 (in part). Erylus revizee Vieira et al., 2010: 444. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6420-B. Paratypes MNRJ 6420-A, C, 6594-C. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (22°22’56”S–37°35’15”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6Y2, 22°22’56”S–37°35’15”W, 250-500 m depth, Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Vieira et al., 2010 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Lavrado (2006) reported the depth of sta. C6-Y2 as being 270 m. 46 K Erylus soesti Mothes & Lerner, 2001 Erylus topsenti sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1981: 106 (non Erylus topsenti von Lendenfeld, 1903: 87). Erylus soesti Mothes & Lerner, 2001: 84; Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Vieira et al., 2010: 438. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 352. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela (25o01’S–44o45’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela (25o01’S–44o45’W, 918 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1981 [description]; Mothes & Lerner, 2001 [original description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Laguna (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6816, 29º33.25’S–47º58.63’W, 366 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Mothes de Moraes (1981) reported the collection site of this species as being in Rio de Janeiro State, but Mothes & Lerner (2001) corrected it to São Paulo State. K Erylus toxiformis Mothes & Lerner, 1999 Erylus toxiformis Mothes & Lerner, 1999: 30; Vieira et al., 2010: 438. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1599. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W, 300 m depth; Mothes & Lerner, 1999 [original description]; Vieira et al., 2010 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Geodia Lamarck, 1815 For synonyms see Uriz (2002b). Type species: Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 (by monotypy). K Geodia australis Silva & Mothes, 2000 Geodia eosaster sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 61 (non Cydonium eosaster Sollas, 1886a). Geodia australis Silva & Mothes, 2000: 33; Mothes et al., 2003: 64; Mothes et al., 2006c: 60; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 330. Paratypes MHNG-INVE 26564, ZMAPOR 13418. Schizoparatypes MCN 331, 332 (slides). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Santa Vitória do Palmar (33°29’S–50°44’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (R/V Prof. W. Besnard sta. 444, 31°30’00”S–49°47’00”W, 284 m depth; Silva & Mothes, 2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c Taxonomic List [diagnosis]). Off Santa Vitória do Palmar (Prof. W. Besnard sta. 458, 33°29’S–50°44’W, 207 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1978 [description]; Silva & Mothes, 2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Geodia corticostylifera Hajdu, Muricy, Custódio, Russo & Peixinho, 1992 Geodia vosmaeri sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269; Hechtel, 1976: 244 [in part] (non Synops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a, Geodia vosmaeri sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18 [= Geodia neptuni]). Geodia nsp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. Geodia corticostylifera Hajdu et al., 1992: 206; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 55; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Santos et al., 2002b: 389; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Rangel et al., 2005: 208; Clavico et al., 2006: 481; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 37; Rangel et al., 2006: 2048; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricy et al., 2008: 47; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 37; Martins et al., 2010: 2; Menezes et al., 2010: 467; Ortega et al., 2010: 2; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 3098. Paratypes UFRJPOR 2625, 2906 (Fig. 6G), 3091, 3714. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Guarapari (Hajdu et al., 1992 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Hajdu et al., 1992 [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu et al., 1992 [original description]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Clavico et al., 2006 [chemical ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta. 100, 22o12’S–40o59’W, 39 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu et al., 1992 [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). São Paulo State: Locality not informed (Rangel et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Rangel et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; 5-10 m depth, Martins et al., 2010 [microbiology]; Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]; Ortega et al., 2010 [microbiology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Venezuela, Trinidad y Tobago (cf. Hajdu et al., 1992), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996). K Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815: 334; Topsent, 1918: 611; Topsent, 1930: 3; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 126; de Laubenfels, 1953: 551; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2 (in part, from São Paulo State only); Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17 (quoting de Laubenfels, 1956); Hechtel, 1965: 68; Hechtel, 1976: 253 (quoting de Laubenfels, 1956); Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 76; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 12; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 76; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 57; Uriz, 2002b: 138; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 38; Muricy et al., 2008: 48; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 28 (non Geodia gibberosa sensu de Laubenfels, 1956 (in part) from Pernambuco State, quoted by Mello-Leitão et al. (1961), Hechtel (1976), Santos et al. (1999), Santos et al., 2002b [= G. glariosa; cf. Silva et al., 2007]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.T 608 (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009). TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Itaparica (Cárdenas et al., 2009). Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta. 215, 4o38.4941’S–36o42.9565’W, 77.5 m depth, Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Espírito Santo state: Camburi (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu, 47 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, U.S.A. (Georgia, Florida, Texas, North Carolina), U.S. Virgin Islands (Lamarck, 1815; Topsent, 1930; de Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Uriz, 2002b; Cárdenas et al., 2009). ?West Africa (São Tomé; Topsent, 1918). REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the label of the specimen YPM 8973. (2) Cárdenas et al. (2009) reported this species from “Veracruz”, which is located in Itaparica Island. (3) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Geodia gibberosa from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; however, this record is not considered valid here because it was based on unpublished academic studies. K Geodia glariosa (Sollas, 1886) Cydonium glariosus Sollas, 1886a: 196; Sollas, 1888: 223; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975: 7. Geodia gibberosa sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 4 (in part; from Pernambuco State only) (non Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 2 [from São Paulo State], Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) [quoting de Laubenfels, 1956], Hechtel (1976) [in part; quoting de Laubenfels, 1956], Santos et al. (1999, 2002b) [quoting de Laubenfels, 1956] [= G. glariosa; cf. Silva et al., 2007]). Cydonium gloriosus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18 (misspelling). Geodia glariosa, Hechtel, 1976: 254; Silva & Mothes, 2000: 47; Mothes et al., 2003: 65; Mothes et al., 2006c: 63; Silva et al., 2007: 594; Muricy et al., 2008: 51. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.85-86 (Fig. 6H). Schizosyntype MCN 3634 (slides). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Canavieiras (Una, REVIZEE sta. C5-5R, 15.568°S–38.83°W, 20 m depth, Silva et al., 2007 [description]). Porto Seguro (Silva et al., 2007 [description]). Prado (Cumuruxatiba, Silva et al., 2007 [description]). Off Salvador (13-46 m depth, Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, 0-1 48 m depth, Silva et al., 2007 [description]). Pernambuco State: Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Silva et al., 2007 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Santa Cruz (Silva et al., 2007 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Silva et al., 2007 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Imbituba (28.1603oS–48.4721oW, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1975 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Silva et al., 2007 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the type locality (Salvador) was referred to as Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) The coordinates of the record from Imbituba were deduced from those presented by Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes (1975) and Silva et al. (2007): 28o16’03”S–48o47’21”W (an inland point near Imbituba), which are here interpreted as misprinted. The record from off Canavieiras (15º34’08”S–38º49’81”W [sic]; Silva et al., 2007) was corrected according to the location of REVIZEE sta. C5-5R given by Lavrado (2006). K Geodia neptuni (Sollas, 1886) Synops neptuni Sollas, 1886a: 198; Sollas, 1888: 227; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 17. Sidonops neptuni, Sollas, 1889: 276; Uriz, 2002b: 140. Synops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a: 197; Sollas, 1888: 234 (taxonomic decision: Wiedenmayer, 1977; Hajdu et al., 1992). Geodia vosmaeri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18; Hechtel, 1976: 244 [in part] (non Geodia vosmaeri sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269; Hechtel, 1976: 244 [in part] [= Geodia corticostylifera]). Geodia neptuni, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 269; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 75; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 76; Alcolado, 2002: 57; Santos et al., 2002b: 389; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 50. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.88. Schizoholotype UFRJPOR 3728 (cf. Hajdu et al., 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Maragogi (09o09’S–034o53’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga (Challenger sta. 122a, 09o05’S–34o50’W, 640 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original Taxonomic List description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off Maragogi (Challenger sta. 122b, 09o09’S–034o53’W, 58 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). REMARKS: (1) Sollas (1886, 1888) reported Synops neptuni from “Off Barra Grande”, which is a beach in Maragogi, Alagoas State. It should not be confused with Barra Grande municipality at Maraú Peninsula, Bahia State. (2) Sollas (1888: 234) stated the collection site of Synops vosmaeri as being “Station 122, Off Barra Grande, September 10, 1873; lat. 9°5’S., long. 34°50’W; depth, 350 fathoms”, but in page 356 he stated the locality as “Station 122c. Off Barra Grande, Brazil, September 10, 1873; lat. 9°10’ S., long. 34°49’W; depth, 400 fathoms”. Herein we consider the first locality as the correct one. (3) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this species from Pernambuco State. (4) We preferred not to follow here the classification of the Systema Porifera as Sidonops neptuni because the distinction of Geodia and Sidonops is based only on the type of inhalant and exhalant orifices (uniporal vs. cribriporal; Uriz, 2002b), which can be difficult to determine in some cases. K Geodia papyracea Hechtel, 1965 Geodia (Cydonium) papyracea Hechtel, 1965: 71; Hechtel, 1976: 242. Geodia sp., Burton, 1940: 97 (cf. Hajdu et al., 1992). Geodia papyracea, Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: 126; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 76; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Silva & Mothes, 2000: 31; Alcolado, 2002: 57; Santos et al., 2002b: 389; Silva et al., 2004: 607; Diaz, 2005: 472; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 32. Geodia cf. papyracea, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5045 (slides deposited in MCN 4043). Paratypes YPM 5309-5311 (slides of YPM 5310 deposited in MCN 3152). Schizoparatype USNM 24496 (Fig. 7A, B). TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (0-1 m depth, Silva et al., 2004 [description]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Passo de Camaragibe (Silva et al., 2004 [description]). Bahia State: Locality not informed (Burton, 1940 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Silva et al., 2004 [description]). Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]); Silva et al., 2004 [description]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Natal (Silva et al., 2004 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Paraty (1 m depth; Silva et al., 2004 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (0-3 m depth, Silva et al., 2004 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Colombia (Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas et al., 2009). REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record from Recife was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of specimen YPM 8956. K Geodia riograndensis Silva & Mothes, 2000 Geodia riograndensis Silva & Mothes, 2000: 40; Mothes et al., 2003: 65; Mothes et al., 2006c: 62; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1591. Schizoholotype MHNG-INVE 26566. Paratype MCN 3452. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31°05’S–49°31’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 2-26, 31°05’S–49°31’W, 300 m depth; Silva & Mothes, 2000 [original description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off São José do Norte (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 1-5, 32°24.55’S–50°14.85’W, 200 m depth; Silva & Mothes, 2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Geodia splendida Silva & Mothes, 2000 Geodia splendida Silva & Mothes, 2000: 36; Mothes et al., 2003: 64; Mothes et al., 2006c: 61; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2355. Schizoholotype MHNG-INVE 26565. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares (32°00’S–50°00’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares (R/V Atlântico Sul sta. 10, 32°00’S–50°00’W, 49 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 520 m depth; Silva & Mothes, 2000 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973 Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973: 268; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 389. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999 (Fig. 7C). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (8o15’S–34o42’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o15’S–34o42’W; BouryEsnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as the holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875 For synonyms see Maldonado (2002). TOTAL OF: E Characella GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 8 Sollas, 1886a Characella aspera Sollas, 1886 Characella aspera Sollas, 1886a: 187; Sollas, 1888: 92; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Maldonado, 2002: 148; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. Normania goliath Sollas, 1886a: 186 (cf. Sollas, 1888; Maldonado, 2002). Poecillastra aspera, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 38. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.40-41 (Fig. 7D). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga (09°05’S–034°50’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga (Challenger sta. 122a, 09°05’S–034°50’W, 640 m depth; Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Maldonado, 2002 [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). REMARKS: (1) Maldonado (2002) indicated the slides BMNH 50 K Characella capitolii Mothes, Maldonado, Eckert, Lerner, Campos & Carraro, 2007 Characella capitolii Mothes et al., 2007b: 478. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 6926. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares (31o08.86’S–49o32.04’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares (31o08.86’S–49o32.04’W, 170-173 m depth; Mothes et al., 2007b). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection site were deduced from those originally published (31o08’86”S– 49o32’04”W), which were obviously wrong. K For synonyms see Maldonado (2002). Type species: Characella aspera Sollas, 1886a (by original designation). K 1894.11.16.149-150 as the holotype. The Challenger, however, collected two fragments of this species, which are still deposited at the BMNH and should therefore be designated as syntypes (BMNH 1889.1.1.40-41). (2) Sollas (1886a: 187) indicated the coordinates of Challenger station 122a as “lat. 2o05’S, long. 34o50’W”. We interpreted this as a missprint of “lat. 9o05’S, long. 34o50’W”, which are the coordinates of this station indicated everywhere else. Characella pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876) Stelletta pachastrelloides Carter, 1876: 403. Characella pachastrelloides, Sollas, 1888: 407; Topsent, 1904: 95; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 46. Characella sollasi Topsent, 1890: 70; Topsent, 1892a: 40. Poecillastra sollasi, Alcolado, 2002: 57; Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: “Near Cape St. Vincent” (Porcupine sta. 25, 684 m depth [approximately 56o45’N–13o40’W, 370 km West of Scotland; cf. Carpenter et al., 1869]). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Peruíbe (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6650, 25º57.39’S–45º34.25’W, 417 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic, Azores, Canary Islands, NW France, Portugal, N Spain (Carter, 1876; Topsent, 1890, 1892a), Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: Mothes et al. (2007b) expressed serious doubts about the identity of the Brazilian record of this species and strongly advised its revision. E Dercitus Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Maldonado (2002). Type species: Halina bucklandi Bowerbank, 1858. Taxonomic List P Dercitus (Stoeba) Sollas, 1888 specimens could justify the separation of a new species; later in the same paper (van Soest et al., 2010: 79), they referred to the Atol das Rocas specimens as “Dercitus (Halinastra) sp. aff. luteus”. For synonyms see Maldonado (2002). Type species: Samus simplex Carter, 1880 (by original designation). K Dercitus (Stoeba) latex (Moraes & Muricy, 2007) Stoeba sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 168 (in part; only from Fernando de Noronha and São Pedro e São Paulo archipelagoes, non Stoeba sp. n. from Atol das Rocas). Stoeba latex Moraes & Muricy, 2007a: 1388; Moraes et al., 2009: 163. Dercitus (Stoeba) latex, van Soest et al., 2010: 37. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 8559. Paratypes MNRJ 7865, 8560, UFRJPOR 3923. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Moraes & Muricy, 2007a [original description]; van Soest et al., 2010 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Moraes & Muricy, 2007a [original description]; Moraes et al., 2009 [ecology]; van Soest et al., 2010 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The specimen from Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006) was misidentified; it differs from Dercitus (Stoeba) latex by the absence of sanidasters and probaly represents an undescribed species. P Dercitus (Halinastra) de Laubenfels, 1936 Halinastra de Laubenfels, 1936. Type species: Pachastrella exostotica Schmidt, 1868 (by original designation). Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986) Pachataxa lutea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 74; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Moraes, 2009: 361. Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus, van Soest et al., 2010: 47. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47681. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: La Parguera. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). rio grande do norte state: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; van Soest et al., 2010 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986). REMARKS: van Soest et al. (2010) identified a specimen from Atol das Rocas as Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus in p. 47, but remarked that the differences to the Puerto Rico E Pachastrella Schmidt, 1868 For synonyms see Maldonado (2002). Type species: Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (by monotypy). K Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868: 15; Lendenfeld, 1903: 75; Sollas, 1888: 110; Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 68; van Soest, 1993: 210; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 49; Maldonado, 2002: 152; Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. Pachastrella abyssi Schmidt, 1870: 64. Pachastrella caliculata Kirkpatrick, 1902: 227. Pachastrella isorrhopa Kirkpatrick, 1902: 228 (synonyms partly after Maldonado, 2002). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 10.1.1.854. TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria: Algier. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Ubatuba (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6665, 24º20.844’S– 44º09.913’W, 258 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares (31º31’S–49º47’W, 284 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1978 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Portugal, Spain, France, South Africa, Tristan da Cunha, U.S.A. (Florida, Gulf of Mexico), Antarctic (Schmidt, 1868; Sollas, 1888; Kirkpatrick, 1902; Lendenfeld, 1903), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993), Alboran Sea and Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (BouryEsnault et al., 1994b). K E Thenea Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Maldonado (2002). Type species: Tethea muricata Bowerbank, 1858 (by monotypy). K Thenea fenestrata (Schmidt, 1880) Tisiphonia fenestrata Schmidt, 1880: 71. Thenea fenestrata, Sollas, 1888: 71; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 15; Hechtel, 1976: 256; van Soest, 1993: 213; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified by Schmidt, from the type localities: USNM 983, MZUS PO-204 (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITy: St. Vincent and the Grenadines (Bequia) and U.S.A. (off Florida Keys; 24o36’N–80o05’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off 51 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Maceió (Challenger sta. 123, 10o09’S–35o11’W, 3136 m depth; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: St. Vincent and the Grenadines, U.S.A. (off Florida), West Africa (Schmidt, 1880). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: The locality of collection stated by Sollas (1888), “Off Macio”, is interpreted here as a misspelling of “Maceió”, the capital of Alagoas State. E Vulcanella Sollas, 1886a For synonyms see Maldonado (2002). Type species: Vulcanella horrida (Schmidt, 1870) (by original designation). P Vulcanella (Vulcanella) Sollas, 1886a For synonyms see Maldonado (2002). Type species: Vulcanella (Vulcanella) horrida (Schmidt, 1870). K E Yucatania Gómez, 2006 Yucatania clavus Gómez, 2006: 341 (by original designation) [junior synonym of Yucatania sphaeroidocladus (Hartman & Hubbard, 1999)]. Type species: K Yucatania sphaeroidocladus (Hartman & Hubbard, 1999) Thrombus sphaeroidocladus Hartman & Hubbard, 1999: 1. Yucatania clavus Gómez, 2006: 341. Yucatania sphaeroidocladus, Menegola et al., 2009: 1623. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM IZ-9361. TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad: Monos Island. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Camaçari (12o47’05.0”S–38o06’38.4”W, 26 m depth; Menegola et al., 2009 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula, Gómez, 2006), Trinidad (Hartman & Hubbard, 1999). Vulcanella (Vulcanella) cribrifera Sollas, 1886 Vulcanella cribrifera Sollas, 1886a: 186. Sphinctrella cribrifera, Sollas, 1888: 87; Lendenfeld, 1903: 71; Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 71; van Soest, 1993: 213. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.39. TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Verde. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (30º50’S–49º13’W, 183 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1978 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cape Verde (Sollas, 1886a, 1888; Lendenfeld, 1903; van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: Subgeneric assignment by Maldonado (2002). TOTAL OF: E Thrombus GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2 Sollas, 1886b Corticium abyssi (Carter, 1873b) (by subsequent designation; Uriz, 2002c). Type species: Thrombus kittoni (Carter, 1874) Corticium kittoni Carter, 1874: 207. Thrombus kittoni, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 40; Menegola et al., 2009: 1623. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Panama: Colón (Atlantic Coast). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Maraú (14o04’49”S–38o49’36”W, 62 m depth; Menegola et al., 2009 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), 52 ORDER CHONDROSIDA BOURY-ESNAULT & LOPÈS, 1985 For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a). Family Chondrillidae Gray, 1872a For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Chondrilla GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2 Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a). Type species: Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862. K Family Thrombidae Sollas, 1888 K Panama (Atlantic coast; Carter, 1874). Chondrilla nucula complex Schmidt, 1862 Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862: 38; Schulze, 1877: 24; Carter, 1890: 564; Topsent, 1918: 601; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 133; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 15; Hechtel, 1965: 74; Hechtel, 1969: 4; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 272; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 186; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 128; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 99; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Muricy, 1989: 351; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 21; van Soest, 1993: 212; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rocha, 1995: 77; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 77; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Klautau et al., 1999: 1415; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 59; Boury-Enault, 2002a: 294; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et al., 2002b: 389; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 471; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2008: Taxonomic List 63; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Lira et al., 2010: 158. Chondrilla cf. nucula, Klautau et al., 1994b: 401. Chondrilla aff. nucula, Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Muricy et al., 2006: 141; Cavalcanti et al., 2007: 1728; Cedro et al., 2007: 234. Complexo Chondrilla nucula, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 42; Muricy, 2007: 37. Chondrilla nucula complex, Andréa et al., 2007: 133. Chondrilla sp. B, Vilanova et al., 2007: 654. Chondrilla spp. A, B, and D, Klautau et al., 1999: 1419. Chondrilla spp. 3-4, Zilberberg et al., 2006: 213. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype LMJG 15018. Paratype LMJG 15687. TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Quarnero. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Salvador (Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Zilberberg et al., 2006 [genetics]; Andréa et al., 2007 [ecology]). Ceará State: Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Paraíba State: Locality not informed (Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter, 1890 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Off Recife (Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 32 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [description]). Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-47F, 20.616oS– 34.951oW, 90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Muricy, 2007 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). Armação dos Búzios (Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Vilanova et al., 2007 [biochemistry]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Zilberberg et al., 2006 [genetics]; Cavalcanti et al., 2007 [description]; Vilanova et al., 2007 [biochemistry]). Itacuruçá (Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; intertidal, Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]). Ubatuba (Picinguaba; Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]; Zilberberg et al., 2006 [genetics]; Vilanova et al., 2007 [biochemistry]). South Region: Paraná State: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, Klautau et al., 1999 [genetics]). Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: The species complex is cosmopolitan (cf. Klautau et al., 1999): Australia, South Africa, Mediterranean, Adriatic (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973), Caribbean: Barbados, Bonaire, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Belize, U.S.A. (Florida) (de Laubenfels, 1950a; Hechtel, 1965, 1969; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: (1) This is a complex of morphologically indistinguishable species, with at least four biological species in Brazil, all of which still wait for a formal description (Klautau et al., 1999). The original nominal species occurs only in the Mediterranean and nearest NE Atlantic (Boury-Esnault, 2002a). (2) Hechtel (1976) did not state the precise locality of his record from Recife; it was inferred from the label of specimen YPM 8956. (3) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Chondrilla nucula from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, but this record is not considered valid here because it was based on unpublished academic works. E Chondrosia Nardo, 1847 For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002a). Type species: Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 (by monotypy). K Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870) Cellulophana collectrix Schmidt, 1870: 25. Chondrosia collectrix, de Laubenfels, 1936: 183; de Laubenfels, 53 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 1950a: 135; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 189; van Soest, 1981: 7; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 99; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 21; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Alcolado, 2002: 59; Esteves et al., 2002: 3; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 471; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46. Chondrosia sp., Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b: 59. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 01 (by monotypy). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Locality not informed (Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b [ecology]; Esteves et al., 2002 [description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico; Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936, 1950a; Schmahl, 1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire (van Soest, 1981). ORDER DENDROCERATIDA MINCHIN, 1900 Family Darwinellidae Merejkowsky, 1879 For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Aplysilla GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 5 Schulze, 1878 For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a). Type species: Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (by subsequent designation; Topsent, 1905). K Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) Verongia rosea Barrois, 1876: 57. Aplysilla rosea, Lendenfeld, 1889: 708; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Carballo et al., 1994: 49; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Bergquist & Cook, 2002a: 1069; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 78; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Bergquist & Cook, 2002a). 54 NW France: Saint-Vaast de la Hougue (English Channel). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Considered as cosmopolitan (cf. Bergquist & Cook, 2002a). NW France (Barrois, 1876), Gibraltar (Carballo et al., 1994). REMARKS: (1) Aplysilla rosea s.l. is probably a complex of cryptic species. Its Brazilian records are questionable and need revision. (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Aplysilla rosea from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; this record however is not considered valid here because it was based on an unpublished academic work. TYPE LOCALITY: E Chelonaplysilla de Laubenfels, 1948 Type species: Chelonaplysilla noevus (Carter, 1876) (by original designation). K Chelonaplysilla erecta Tsurnamal, 1967 Chelonaplysilla erecta Tsurnamal, 1967: 96; van Soest, 1978: 71; Zea, 1987: 50; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Diaz et al., 2004: 5; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 469; Ferreira et al., 2006: 1343; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 79; Martins et al., 2010: 2; Ortega et al., 2010: 2 (non Megalopastas erectus Row, 1911: 360 [senior homonym]). Chelonaplysilla aff. erecta sensu Rangel et al., 2001: 36 (non Chelonaplysilla aff. erecta sensu Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Moraes et al., 2006: 166). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype HUJ-II-Pori-AZ 12 (cf. Ben-Eliahu & Golani, 2008). TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt: Suez (Red Sea). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Taxonomic List Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Martins et al., 2010 [microbiology]; Ortega et al., 2010 [microbiology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Diaz et al., 2004), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1978). E Mediterranean: Israel (Tsurnamal, 1967). REMARKS: This is a junior homonym of C. erecta (Row, 1911, as Megalopastas). Bergquist (1980) suggested the two C. erecta may concern the same species, but we prefer to keep them as separate until a detailed revision of both type specimens is done. E Darwinella Müller, 1865 For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002a). Type species: Darwinia muelleri Schultze, 1865 (by original designation). K Darwinella australiensis Carter, 1885 Darwinella australiensis Carter, 1885: 202; Lendenfeld, 1889: 679; Topsent, 1905: 176; Lévi, 1952: 38; Pronzato, 1975: 8; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 133. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: South Australia: Port Phillip Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Australia (Carter, 1885; Lendenfeld, 1889), West Coast of Africa (Senegal; Lévi, 1952), Mediterranean (Pronzato, 1975). REMARKS: The species was originally described from Australia. The record from Brazil was probably misidentified and its identity should be checked. K Family Dictyodendrillidae Bergquist, 1980 TOTAL OF: E Igernella Darwinella gardineri Topsent, 1905 Darwinella gardineri Topsent, 1905: 179; Pronzato, 1975: 13; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Maldives (Indian Ocean). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indian Ocean (Maldives; Topsent, 1905); Red Sea; Mediterranean Sea (Italy; Pronzato, 1975). REMARKS: The record of D. gardineri from Brazil was probably misidentified and its identity should be checked. GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Topsent, 1905 For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002b). Type species: Euryades notabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by original designation). K K Darwinella muelleri (Schultze, 1865) Darwinia mülleri Schultze, 1865: 6. Darwinella aurea, Müller, 1865: 344; Lendenfeld, 1889: 681; ?Row, 1911: 361. Darwinella mulleri, Topsent, 1905: 175; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 19; Pronzato, 1975: 7; Bergquist & Cook, 2002a: 1069. Darwinella mülleri, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 38; ?de Laubenfels, 1953: 516. Darwinella muelleri, van Soest, 1993: 210. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis (Schultze, 1865 [original description]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Topsent, 1905 [revision]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Pronzato, 1975 [revision]; Bergquist & Cook, 2002a [revision]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). (?) Red Sea (Row, 1911). Adriatic, NE Atlantic (Spain; cf. Lendenfeld, 1889). REMARKS: (1) Most authors (e.g., Schultze, 1865; Lendenfeld, 1889; Topsent, 1905; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961; Pronzato, 1975; Bergquist & Cook, 2002a) referred to the type locality as Destêrro, which is the old name of Florianópolis, the capital of Santa Catarina State. (2) The record of this species from Florida (de Laubenfels, 1953) was probably misidentified (cf. van Soest, 1978). Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Euryades notabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 106. Darwinella joyeuxy Topsent, 1889: 17. Igernella joyeuxi, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 287; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 398. Igernella notabilis, van Soest, 1978: 77; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 181; van Soest, 1993: 212; Uriz & Maldonado, 1996: 154; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Bergquist & Cook, 2002b: 1075; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Moraes et al., 2006: 167. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1044. Paralectotype Mus.Torino-POR 43. Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31011, MNHN.D.NBE 1301, BMNH 1928.11.12.38. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. 55 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 25, 8o22’S–34o44’W, 38-52 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao (van Soest, 1978; Uriz & Maldonado, 1996), Mexico (Topsent, 1889), Jamaica, Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998). Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: Uriz & Maldonado (1996) expressed their doubts whether the specimens described by Boury-Esnault (1973) from Brazil belong to I. notabilis or to I. vansoesti Uriz & Maldonado, 1996 and recommended their revision. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: ORDER DICTYOCERATIDA MINCHIN, 1900 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002b). Family Dysideidae Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Dysidea GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 6 Johnston, 1842 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002a). Type species: Spongia fragilis Montagu, 1818 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1934). K Dysidea avara (Schmidt, 1862) Spongelia avara Schmidt, 1862: 29. Dysidea avara, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 288; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Carballo et al., 1994: 48. TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified by Schmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1867.7.26.82, 1876.7.26.96 (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Croatia: Sibenik (“Sebenico”) and Zadar (“Zara”). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off São Mateus (Calypso sta. 90, 18o51’S–39o08’W, 49 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean (Boury-Esnault, 1973), Gibraltar (Carballo et al., 1994), Adriatic Sea: Croatia (Schmidt, 1862). REMARKS: The Brazilian record of Dysidea avara was considered doubtful by Vilanova & Muricy (2001) and needs revision. 56 K Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936 Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936: 28, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 25; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 180; Zea, 1987: 46; Schmahl, 1990: 379; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Vilanova & Muricy, 2001: 6; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 81; Cedro et al., 2007: 236. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22408 (Fig. 7E). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Bahia State: Salvador (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ubatuba (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Colombia (Zea, 1987; cf. Muricy & Hajdu, 2006), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), U.S.A. (Florida; Little, 1963; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas, Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). K Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818) Spongia fragilis Montagu, 1818: 114. Spongelia pallescens fragilis var. ramosa sensu Poléjaeff, 1884: 42 (non Spongelia pallescens sensu Schmidt, 1862 = Dysidea pallescens). Dysidea fragilis, de Laubenfels, 1953: 515; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 18; Hechtel, 1965: 14; Hechtel, 1976: 252; BouryEsnault, 1973: 288; Schmahl, 1990: 379; van Soest, 1993: 22; Carballo et al., 1994: 46; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Cook & Bergquist, 2002a: 1062; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (non Taxonomic List Dysidea fragilis sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Serejo, 1998: 363; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160 [= Dysidea robusta Vilanova & Muricy, 2001]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1830.7.3.447 (slide BMNH 1925.11.1.1034). TYPE LOCALITY: England: Devon. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). Off Valença (Calypso sta. 64, 13o18’S– 38o42’W; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Calypso sta. 2, 7o29’S–34o29’W, 42 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 29, 8o28’S–34o55’W, 25 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: England, Arctic Ocean, Atlantic coasts of Europe and Mediterranean (Cook & Bergquist, 2002a), Gibraltar (Carballo et al., 1994), U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: This allegedly cosmopolitan species is probably a complex of cryptic species. The Brazilian records of Dysidea fragilis are highly questionable and need revision. They may either be related to D. variabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) or represent a new species (cf. Vilanova & Muricy, 2001). (2) The nearest city to the collection site of Poléjaeff (1884), Salvador, was called Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (3) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this species from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago instead of Atol das Rocas. K Dysidea janiae (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Terpios janiae Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 101. Dysidea fragilis sensu de Laubenfels, 1950a: 22 [non Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818)]. Dysidea janiae, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 73; van Soest, 1978: 51; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 180; Zea, 1987: 48; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Vilanova & Muricy, 2001: 8; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Ferreira et al., 2006: 1343. Dysidea jeaniae, Johnsson, 2002: 252 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 2292. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos (Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). Salvador (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]; Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao, Martinique, Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a; van Soest, 1978), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Puerto Rico (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998). K Dysidea robusta Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 Dysidea fragilis sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Serejo, 1998: 363; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160 (non Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818); non Dysidea fragilis sensu BouryEsnault, 1973: 288; Moraes et al., 2006: 167). Dysidea robusta Vilanova & Muricy, 2001: 4; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 82; Marques et al., 2009: 917; Vilanova et al., 2009: 865; Williams et al., 2009: 1691. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3201. Paratypes MNRJ 2207, 2208, 3108, 3121 (Fig. 7F). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Marques et al., 2009 [chemistry]; Williams et al., 2009 [chemistry]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Vilanova et al., 2009 [biochemistry]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Serejo, 1998 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Vilanova & Muricy, 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Euryspongia Row, 1911 Type species: Euryspongia lactea Row, 1911 (by monotypy). K Euryspongia rosea de Laubenfels, 1936 Euryspongia rosea de Laubenfels, 1936: 29; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22428 (Fig. 7G). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). 57 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936). (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes Family Irciniidae Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c). TOTAL OF: E Ircinia GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7 Nardo, 1833 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c). Type species: Spongia fasciculata Pallas, 1766, sensu Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948). K Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814) Spongia campana Lamarck, 1814: 385. Hircinia (Sarcotragus) campana, Topsent, 1930: 51. Hircinia campana, Lendenfeld, 1889: 569; de Laubenfels, 1936: 20. Ircinia campana, de Laubenfels, 1953: 514; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1978: 39; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Diaz, 2005: 468. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (“presumably from the West Indies”; cf. de Laubenfels, 1936). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W, 33 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida: Dry Tortugas), Curaçao, Cuba, Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico (de Laubenfels, 1936, 1953; van Soest, 1978; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Diaz, 2005), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). K Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Polytherses felix Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 72. Ircinia felix, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 60; van Soest, 1978: 33; Zea, 1987: 39; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 24; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 95; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 468; Granato et al., 2005: 193; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 108. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1854. Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31031, MNHN.D.NBE 1320, and BMNH 1928.11.12.24. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Granato et al., 2005 [chemistry]). Ceará State: Fortaleza 58 & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Venezuela, Bonaire, Curaçao, Barbados, Panama (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005). K Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973 Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes et al., 2006: 167. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012, 1022 (Fig. 7H, 8A). TYPE LOCALITIES: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (8o23’S–34o42’W) and Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (14 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as syntypes the only two original specimens deposited in the MNHN collection. The two specimens are however quite different morphologically (Fig. 7H, 8A) and their cospecificity should be revised. K Ircinia ramosa (Keller, 1889) Hircinia ramosa Keller, 1889: 345 (non Hircinia ramosa de Laubenfels, 1934: 24 [= Ircinia dickinsoni de Laubenfels, 1936; taxonomic decision by de Laubenfels, 1936: 18]). Ircinia ramosa, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 12; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Schmahl, 1990: 379; de Voogd et al., 2009: 174. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. Taxonomic List Eritrea: Assab Bay (Red Sea). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Valença (Calypso sta. 66, 13o28’S–38o50’W, 37 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels, 1934), Indonesia (de Voogd et al., 2009). TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) Spongia strobilina Lamarck, 1816: 363. Polytherses longispina Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 71. Stelospongus longispinus, Poléjaeff, 1884: 67. Hircinia longispina, Lendenfeld, 1889: 568. Stellospongus longispinus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 21. Ircinia strobilina, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 13; Hechtel, 1965: 10; Johnson, 1971: 104; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 239; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 61; van Soest, 1978: 40; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 178; Zea, 1987: 41; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Epifanio et al., 1999: 2248; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 165; Santos et al., 1999: 57; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 468; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Mothes et al., 2006a: 668; Muricy et al., 2006: 118; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355; Monteiro, 2007b: 35; Muricy et al., 2008: 10; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Lira et al., 2010: 158. Ircinia longispina, Hechtel, 1976: 256. TYPE SPECIMENS: MNHN unregistered (Lamarck collection). TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Amapá State: Off Amapá (02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m depth, Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Off Maragogi (730 m depth; Poléjaeff, 1884 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Bahia State: Locality not informed (Monteiro, 2007b [description]). Abrolhos (Timbebas reef, 17o30’S–39o00’W, 10 m depth; Epifanio et al., 1999 [chemical ecology]; Abrolhos Archipelago, Calypso sta.84,Boury-Esnault,1973 [description];Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Monteiro, 2007b [description]). Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Curaçao, Puerto Rico, Guiana Shelf (van Soest, 1978), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the labels of the specimens YPM 5707, 5723, 5731, 8974, 8991, 8993, and 9007, all from Recife. E Psammocinia Lendenfeld, 1889 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c). Type species: Hircinia halmiformis Lendenfeld, 1888 (by subsequent designation, Bergquist, 1980). K Psammocinia compacta (Poléjaeff, 1884) Cacospongia compacta Poléjaeff, 1884: 64. Hircinia compacta, Lendenfeld, 1889: 585; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 19. Ircinia compacta, Hechtel, 1976: 254. Psammocinia compacta, Muricy et al., 2008: 112. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.39 (Fig. 8B). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) The city nearest to the type locality, Salvador, was called Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). 59 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera E Sarcotragus Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002c). Type species: Filifera (Sarcotragus) spinosulus Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; Vacelet, 1959). K Sarcotragus fasciculatus (Pallas, 1766) (new combination) Spongia fasciculata Pallas, 1766: 381 (nomen nudum; cf. Pronzato et al., 2004); Esper, 1794: 253; Lamarck, 18131814: 372. Hircinia fasciculata, Schmidt, 1862: 34; Lendenfeld, 1889: 587. Ircinia fascicularis, de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Santos et al., 1999: 57. Ircinia fasciculata, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 9; de Laubenfels, 1953: 514; Hechtel, 1965: 8; Johnson, 1971: 104; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Carballo et al., 1994: 42; Santos et al., 1999: 57; Pronzato et al., 2004: 555. TYPE SPECIMENS: Mus.Torino-POR 62-63 (lost; cf. Pronzato et al., 2004). TYPE LOCALITY: Mediterranean Sea. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea (Pronzato et al., 2004), Gibraltar (Carballo et al., 1994). U.S.A. (North Carolina, Florida), Jamaica, Bermuda, Bahamas, Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965). REMARKS: (1) The neotype designation from Florida by de Laubenfels (1948) is not valid because it is not from the original locality (Mediterranean Sea), other historical specimens have been ignored, and the specimen belongs to Ircinia felix (cf. Pronzato et al., 2004). (2) Genus transfer was based on Pronzato et al. (2004). (3) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the labels of the specimens YPM 8963, 8985, 8997 and 9020, all from Recife. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867 TOTAL OF: E Hippospongia GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7 Schulze, 1879 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d). Type species: Spongia equina Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy). K Hippospongia lachne (de Laubenfels, 1936) Hippiospongia lachne de Laubenfels, 1936: 12; de Laubenfels, 1953: 513; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 1999: 57; Santos et al., 2002b : 396. 60 Hippiospongia lackne, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 801. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Cape Romano (Florida State). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). Northeast Region: Ceará State: near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). Pernambuco State: Recife (2733 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1936, 1953). REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the labels of the specimens YPM 8982, 8989, 9022, and 9028, all from Recife. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this species from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. E Hyattella Lendenfeld, 1888 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d). Type species: Hircinia clathrata Carter, 1881a (by monotypy). K Hyattella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766) Spongia cavernosa Pallas, 1766: 394. Hippospongia anomala Poléjaeff, 1884: 54. Hippospongia dura Lendenfeld, 1889: 298. ?Spongelia velata Hyatt, 1877: 534. Trypespongia columbia de Laubenfels, 1936: 13. Spongia bresiliana Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel, 1976: 253. Spongia virgultosa sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008: 18 (non Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1797). Hyattella intestinalis, van Soest, 1978: 23; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314 [non Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, 1814: 439)]. Hyattella cavernosa, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 94; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 165; Alcolado, 2002: 69; Santos et al., 2002b: 396; Diaz, 2005: 468; Muricy et al., 2006: 144; Silvano & Muricy, 2007: 36; Muricy et al., 2008: 113. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977: 64). TYPE LOCALITY: American Seas (“Mare Americanum”; Pallas, 1766). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Silvano & Muricy, 2007 [description]). Off Abrolhos (Calypso sta. 79, 18o09’S–38o20’W, 33 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; REVIZEE sta. C5-7R, 16.117oS– 38.170oW, 40 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba Taxonomic List (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 13.646oS–38.742oW, 55 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Ilhéus (REVIZEE sta. C5-4R, 14.808oS–38.917oW, 20 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rodgers Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C510R, 17.103oS–36.741oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay; Calypso sta. 63, 12o56’S–38o33’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off Salvador (REVIZEE sta. C5-1R, 13.054oS–38.422oW, 50 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6-R4#1, 13.075oS–38.392oW, 90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Valença (Calypso sta. 66, 13o28’S–38o50’W, 37 m depth; Calypso sta. 67, 13o28’S–38o48’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth; Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Silvano & Muricy, 2007 [description]). Off Guarapari (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633oS–40.025oW, 53.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C520R, 19.272oS–38.019oW, 67 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6A1, 19.732oS–38.365oW, 72.3 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849oS– 40.167oW, 75 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Trindade Island (REVIZEE sta. C5-49R, 20.519oS– 29.351oW, 57 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C2-21R, 20.706oS–35.457oW, 55 m depth; sta. C5-21R, 20.704oS– 35.704oW, 57.5 m depth; sta. C5-23R, 20.487oS–36.103oW, 55 m depth; sta. C5-24R, 20.347oS–36.642oW, 55 m depth; sta. C5-44R, 20.857oS–33.636oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state: Ilha Grande (Enseada do Sítio Forte, Calypso sta. 118, 23o08’S–44o16’W, 5 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: (1) It is uncertain if the original description of Pallas (1766) is from Brazil or elsewhere in the Western Atlantic, as he stated only “Mare Americanum”. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this species from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago instead of Atol das Rocas. E Spongia Linnaeus, 1759 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002d). Type species: Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1862a). P Spongia (Heterofibria) Cook & Bergquist, 2001 Type species: Spongia (Heterofibria) cristata Cook & Bergquist, 2001 (by original designation). K Spongia (Heterofibria) catarinensis Mothes, Kasper, Lerner, Campos & Carraro, 2006 Spongia (Heterofibria) catarinensis Mothes et al., 2006b: 336. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 5998. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis (Aranhas Island; Mothes et al., 2006b [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. P Spongia (Spongia) Linnaeus, 1759 Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1862b). Type species: K Spongia (Spongia) barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Spongia barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 31; van Soest, 1978: 16; Alcolado, 2002: 69. Spongia equina var. meandriniformis Hyatt, 1877: 519. Hippospongia equina sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252. Hippospongia equina var. meandriniformis, Lendenfeld, 1889: 306; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 97. Paralectotype ZMAPOR 2074. Schizolectotypes BMNH 1928.11.12.57, MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1323, USNM 31032. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt, 1877 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Cuba (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; Hyatt, 1877; Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: The Brazilian record of Spongia equina var. 61 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera meandriniformis was synonymized with S. (S.) barbara by van Soest (1978), but was considered questionable by Hechtel (1976). (2) New subgenus assignment based on Cook & Bergquist (2002d), van Soest et al. (2011). K Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 (new status) Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877: 526. Spongia vermiculata sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 2002b: 397 [non Spongia vermiculata Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (= Spongia (Spongia) barbara)]. Spongia vermiculata ditelliformis, Santos et al., 2002b: 397. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 42. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt, 1877 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Hyatt (1877) did not designate type specimens for this variety, which we here elevated to species rank. We designated here as holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MCZ collection. Spongia (Spongia) lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 Euspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884: 53; Lendenfeld, 1889: 275. Spongia officinalis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 254 (non Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759). TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) The nearest city to the collection site of Poléjaeff (1884), Salvador, was referred to as Bahia by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) New status and new subgenus assignment based on Cook & Bergquist (2002d), van Soest et al. (2011). K K Spongia (Spongia) pertusa Hyatt, 1877 Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa Hyatt, 1877: 512. Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. mollis Hyatt, 1877: 513. Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. prava Hyatt, 1877: 513. Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. corlosiformis Hyatt, 1877: 513 (synonymy after van Soest, 1978). Euspongia irregularis var. pertusa Lendenfeld, 1889: 248. Euspongia trincomalensis Lendenfeld, 1889: 260. 62 Spongia trincomalensis, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20; Santos et al., 2002b: 396. Spongia officinalis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252 (non Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759). Spongia pertusa, van Soest, 1978: 12. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MCZ 19081. Paralectotypes MCZ 7036, 7179, 7189, 7293. TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Nassau. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hyatt, 1877 [description]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Cuba, Nassau, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands (van Soest, 1978). REMARKS: Hyatt (1877) did not designate type specimens for this variety. We designated here as lectotype an original specimen deposited in the MCZ collection and labeled “type”. Other four specimens from Nassau were labeled “syntypes” and are here fixed as paralectotypes (ICZN, art. 74). The only specimen from Brazil (MCZ 40) was not labeled as type and is thus considered as non-type. Family Thorectidae Bergquist, 1978 TOTAL OF: E Cacospongia GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 6 Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e). Type species: Cacospongia mollior Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Cacospongia amorpha Poléjaeff, 1884 Cacospongia amorpha Poléjaeff, 1884: 57; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 397. ?Stelospongia australis var. fovea, Lendenfeld, 1889: 518 (in part). TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1885.8.8.26a (two specimens; Fig. 8C). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia? (cf. Lendenfeld, 1889). REMARKS: (1) van Soest (1978) considered this species essentially unrecognizable, and states that it could belong either to Hyrtios or to Polyfibrospongia. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this species from Pernambuco State. (3) The nearest city to the type locality, Salvador, was referred to as Bahia by the Taxonomic List H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (4) Poléjaeff (1884) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designate here as syntypes the only two specimens from the original series, deposited at the Natural History Museum, London. K Cacospongia levis Poléjaeff, 1884 Cacospongia levis Poléjaeff, 1884: 56; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. ?Stelospongia australis var. levis, Lendenfeld, 1889: 520 (in part). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.25 (Fig. 8D). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Maragogi (see remarks). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Maragogi (731 m depth; Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Lendenfeld, 1889 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia? (cf. Lendenfeld, 1889). REMARKS: (1) Poléjaeff (1884) reported this species from “off Barra Grande”, which is a beach in Maragogi, Alagoas State. (2) Poléjaeff (1884) did not designate a type specimen for this species. We designate here as the holotype by monotypy the single original specimen from Brazil, deposited in the BMNH. Laubenfels, 1948: 160; van Soest, 1978: 45; Bergquist, 1980: 462; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 178; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 70; Cook & Bergquist, 2002e: 1031; Santos et al., 2002b: 397; Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraes et al., 2006: 167. Polyfibrospongia echina, de Laubenfels, 1934: 25. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 46. Schizolectotypes MNHN.D.NBE 1303, BMNH 1928.11.12.29. Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31013, BMNH 1928.11.12.30. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. RECORDS: Brazil: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Curaçao (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; van Soest, 1978), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). E Scalarispongia Cook & Bergquist, 2000 Type species: Cacospongia scalaris Schmidt, 1862 (by original designation). K Scalarispongia cincta (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new combination) E Fasciospongia Burton, 1934 Stelospongia caliculata Lendenfeld, 1889: 503. Fasciospongia caliculata, Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 397. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida. RECORDS: Brazil: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands (Lendenfeld, 1889). Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973: 290; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 2002b: 397. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1017 (Fig. 8E). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (8o19’S–34o39’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) New generic assignment based on Cook & Bergquist (2002e), van Soest et al. (2011). E Hyrtios E Thorecta For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e). Type species: Stelospongia australis var. fovea Lendenfeld, 1888 (by original designation; junior synonym of Spongia turgida Lamarck, 1814). K Fasciospongia caliculata (Lendenfeld, 1889) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e). Type species: Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 74; de Lendenfeld, 1888 For synonyms see Cook & Bergquist (2002e). Type species: Thorecta exemplum var. tertia Lendenfeld, 1888 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948). K Thorecta atlantica Santos, Silva, Bonifácio, Esteves, Pinheiro & Muricy, 2010 63 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Thorecta sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 115. Thorecta atlantica Santos et al., 2010a: 777. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFPEPOR 360. Paratypes UFPEPOR 121, 247, 442, 667, 668. Schizotype MNRJ 13170 (fragment of UFPEPOR 442). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (04o47’50.8”S–36o18’16.8”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (off Guamaré, 04o47’50.8”S– 36o18’16.8”W; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]; Santos et al., 2010a [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. 1976 [zoogeography]; Rützler, 2002a [description]). Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador), was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record from Pernambuco State (Recife) was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 5728. Order Hadromerida Topsent, 1894 TOTAL OF: Family Clionaidae d’Orbigny, 1851 For synonyms see Rützler (2002b). GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 11 For synonyms see Hooper & van Soest (2002c). E Cervicornia Family Alectonidae Rosell, 1996 For synonyms see Rützler (2002a). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2 K E Alectona Carter, 1879 For synonyms see Rützler (2002a). Type species: Alectona millari Carter, 1879a (by monotypy). K Alectona mesatlantica Vacelet, 1999 Alectona mesatlantica Vacelet, 1999: 635; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.JV 63. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: near São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (00°49’S–025°29’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: near São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (mid-Atlantic Ridge, 00°49’S–025°29’W, 2030 m depth; Vacelet, 1999 [original description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The latitude reported originally is 00°94’S, which we interpreted as a typographic error for 00°49’S (Jean Vacelet, pers. comm., 2009). E Scolopes Sollas, 1888 For synonyms see Rützler (2002a). Type species: Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888 (by monotypy). K Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888 Scolopes moseleyi Sollas, 1888: 432; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Rützler, 2002a: 287. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.106 (Fig. 8F). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Sollas, 1888 [original description]; Hechtel, 64 Rützler & Hooper, 2000 Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, 1815 (by original designation). Type species: Cervicornia cuspidifera (Lamarck, 1815) Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, 1815: 168. Spirastrella cuspidifera, Topsent, 1933: 41; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 390. Spheciospongia cuspidifera, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 94; Vicente et al., 1991: 217; Rützler, 1997: 1393. Cervicornia cuspidifera, Rützler & Hooper, 2000: 342; Rützler, 2002b: 174; Diaz, 2005: 471. Cliona cuspidifera, Alcolado, 2002: 59. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 652. TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (cf. Topsent, 1933). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (South Carolina), Bahamas (Vicente et al., 1991), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Puerto Rico (Rützler, 2002b), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Mexico (Atlantic coast; Vicente et al., 1991; Rützler, 1997), U.S. Virgin Islands (Rützler, 1997), Colombia (Atlantic coast; Vicente et al., 1991). REMARKS: Hechtel (1976) did not state the precise locality of his record; it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 5718. E Cliona Grant, 1826 For synonyms see Rützler (2002b). Type species: Cliona celata Grant, 1826a (by monotypy). K Cliona carteri (Ridley, 1881) Vioa carteri Ridley, 1881: 129. Cliona viridis var. carteri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13. Taxonomic List Cliona carteri, Hechtel, 1976: 254; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 20; Santos et al., 2002b: 389. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.12.27.14. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank (20º42’S–37º27’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank (Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain, 20º42’S– 37º27’W, 71 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: West Africa (? cf. Hechtel, 1976). REMARKS: Ridley (1881) did not mention the register number of the type specimen. We fixed here as holotype by monotypy the single original specimen in the Alert collection. K Cliona celata complex Grant, 1826 Cliona celata Grant, 1826a: 78, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 231; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Reis & Leão, 2002: 274; Rützler, 2002b: 176; Muricy et al., 2008: 54; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. Papillina suberea Schmidt, 1862: 69. Hymeniacidon celata, Bowerbank, 1866: 212. Cliona cf. celata, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos et al., 2002b: 389. Cliona aff. celata, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. Complexo Cliona celata, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 45. Cliona celata complex, Marinho et al., 2010: 268. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. The holotype is believed to be in the Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy at the University College, London, where R.E. Grant worked, but this information could not be confirmed (Rützler, 2002b). TYPE LOCALITY: Scotland, U.K.: Firth of Forth (North Sea). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Abrolhos (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Camaçari (Guarajuba Beach; Reis & Leão, 2002 [ecology]; LôboHajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Mata de São João (Praia do Forte, Reis & Leão, 2002 [ecology]). Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State: Paulista (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Natal (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Espírito Santo state: Camburi (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Guarapari (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (20 m depth, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Off Ilhabela (Calypso sta. 138, 24o43’S–45o10’W, 97-100 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). São Sebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: The species complex is cosmopolitan (cf. Rützler, 2002b), but C. celata sensu stricto is probably restricted to the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean. REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 8947. K Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973 Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973: 28; van Soest, 1981: 5; Rose & Risk, 1985: 345; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 96; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Alcolado, 2002: 59; LôboHajdu et al., 2004: 415; Diaz, 2005: 471; Granato et al., 2005: 194; Muricy et al., 2008: 56. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8715. Paratypes in BMNH, SUNY-UWI (cf. Lehnert & van Soest, 1998). TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Granato et al., 2005 [chemistry]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Pang, 1973; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Curaçao (van Soest, 1981), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cayman Islands (Rose & Risk, 1985), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). 65 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera K Cliona dioryssa (de Laubenfels, 1950) Spirastrella dioryssa de Laubenfels, 1950a: 98. Cliona dioryssa, Rützler, 1974: 17; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 46. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1948.8.6.41. Schizoholotype BAMZ unregistered. TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a; Rützler, 1974). K Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973 Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 994 (Fig. 8G). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Campos dos Goytacazes (22o21’S–41o09’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta. 101, 22o21’S– 41o09’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We fixed here as holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. K Cliona schmidti (Ridley, 1881) Vioa schmidti Ridley, 1881: 130. Vioa Johnstonii sensu Schmidt, 1870: 5 (non Schmidt, 1862: 78). Cliona schmidti, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 275; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Alcolado, 2002: 59; Santos et al., 2002b: 389. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (probably lost; see DesqueyrouxFaúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Montenegro: Bay of Kotor (Adriatic Sea) BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Pang, 1973; Lehnert & van 66 Soest, 1998). Adriatic Sea (Ridley, 1881). Ridley (1881) created this species in a footnote as a replacement name for Schmidt’s (1870) variety of Vioa johnstonii from Bay of Kotor, Montenegro (as Bocche di Cattaro), which he considered as a species distinct from V. johnstonii sensu Schmidt (1862) from Sibenik, Croatia (as Sebenico). REMARKS: K Cliona varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Thalysias varians Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 86. Anthosigmella varians, de Laubenfels, 1936: 143; de Laubenfels, 1953: 539; Little, 1963: 55; Hechtel, 1965: 55; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 165; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 129; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 92; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Atta et al., 1992: 53; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 80; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Costa et al., 2000: 314; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Farrapeira, 2010: 214. Spirastrella varians, Hechtel, 1976: 253. Cliona varians, Rosell & Uriz, 1997: 351; Botticelli, 2000: 34; Alcolado, 2002: 59; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Diaz, 2005: 471; Moura et al., 2006: 518; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Muricy et al., 2008: 59; Queiroz et al., 2008: 217; Stofel et al., 2008: 17; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-POR 71. Paralectotype ZMAPOR 2377. Schizolectotypes USNM 31048, MNHN.D.NBE 1343, BMNH 1928.11.12.49. TYPE LOCALITIES: Guadeloupe, U.S. Virgins Island (St. Thomas) and St. Barthelemy. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: State not informed (Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]). Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Locality not informed (Atta et al., 1992 [pharmacology]; Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Camaçari (Guarajuba Beach; Costa et al., 2000 [ecology]; LôboHajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Porto Seguro (Botticelli, 2000 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Extremoz (Queiroz et al., 2008 [chemistry]). Parnamirim (Moura et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo Taxonomic List state: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [description]). Vila Velha (Stofel et al., 2008 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean: Guadeloupe, U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Honduras, Bonaire, Panama (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Diaz, 2005), Atlantic (Rosell & Uriz, 1997), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). E Pione Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Rützler (2002b). Type species: Cliona northumbrica Hancock, 1849 (= Cliona vastifica Hancock, 1849; by subsequent designation, Rosell & Uriz, 1997). K Pione carpenteri (Hancock, 1849) (new combination) Cliona carpenteri Hancock, 1849: 241; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 274; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Rützler & Stone, 1986: 661; van Soest, 1993: 213; Santos et al., 2002b: 389. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype THM 4.15.11-12 (2 slides from the same specimen; cf. Rützler & Stone, 1986). TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (Pacific coast): Mazatlán. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Pacific coast (Rützler & Stone, 1986) and Atlantic coast (Campeche Bank; Topsent, 1889). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: New generic assignment following Rützler (2002b), van Soest et al. (2011). E Spheciospongia Marshall, 1892 For synonyms see Rützler (2002b). Type species: Alcyonium vesparium Lamarck, 1815 (by original designation). K Spheciospongia symbiotica Hechtel, 1983 Spheciospongia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253. Spheciospongia symbiotica Hechtel, 1983: 78; Santos et al., 2002b: 389. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9026 (Fig. 8H). Paratypes YPM 5702, 5708a-e, 9026. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [description]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: K Endemic from Brazil. Spheciospongia vesparium (Lamarck, 1815) Alcyonium vesparium Lamarck, 1815: 78. ?Pseudosuberites melanos de Laubenfels, 1934: 9; Desqueyroux, 1972: 15; Mothes de Moraes & Pauls, 1979: 58. Pseudosuberites pseudos Dickinson, 1945: 38. Spheciospongia vesparia, de Laubenfels, 1953: 536; Hechtel, 1965: 57; Muricy et al., 2008: 53. Spheciospongia vesparium, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 93; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 80; Rützler, 2002b: 182; Diaz, 2005: 471; Farrapeira, 2010: 214. Cliona vesparia, Alcolado, 2002: 59. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 3419. TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles (cf. Hechtel, 1965). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande (off Sarita lighthouse, 32o44’S–51o47’W, 30 m depth, Mothes de Moraes & Pauls, 1979 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Baja California, Pacific coast), Antilles, Chile (Valparaiso to Chiloé), Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Bahamas, Belize, U.S.A. (North Carolina, Florida) (de Laubenfels, 1934, 1953; Dickinson, 1945; Hechtel, 1965; Desqueyroux, 1972; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). REMARKS: Although Pseudosuberites melanos is currently considered as a junior synonym of Spheciospongia vesparium, the records of the two species from Brazil are very different morphologically and probably not cospecific; they should therefore be revised. Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867 TOTAL OF: E Placospongia GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 4 Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Rützler (2002c). Type species: Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b (by original designation). K Placospongia carinata (Bowerbank, 1858) Geodia carinata Bowerbank, 1858: 308; Bowerbank, 1864: 254; Gray, 1867b: 548; Gray, 1868: 168. 67 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Placospongia carinata, Ridley, 1884: 481; Sollas, 1888: 272; Vosmaer & Vernhout, 1902: 3; Dendy, 1905: 126; Hentschel, 1912: 324; Dendy, 1916: 132; Lévi, 1956: 10; Burton, 1959: 213; Little, 1963: 56; Hechtel, 1965: 62; Vacelet & Vasseur, 1965: 94; Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971: 76; Hechtel, 1976: 241; Coelho & Mello-Leitão, 1978: 3; Green & Gómez, 1986: 273; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 100; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 273; van Soest, 2009: 9. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1895.6.7.1. TYPE LOCALITY: “South Seas” (Bowerbank, 1858). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: Off the mouth of the Amazon River (N.O.A.S. Operação NorteNordeste II sta. 1889, 2o30’N–47o16’01”W, 31 m depth; Coelho & Mello-Leitão, 1978 [description]). Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Locality not informed (Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia, S Australia (cf. Sollas, 1888; Vosmaer & Vernhout, 1902), India, Andaman Is. (Dendy, 1916), East Africa (Mombasa; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993), Madagascar (Lévi, 1956; Vacelet & Vasseur, 1965, 1971), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Mexico (Pacific coast; Green & Gómez, 1986), Gulf of Mexico (Little, 1963), Colombia, Grenada (van Soest, 2009). REMARKS: (1) This is a species complex and strongly needs revision. According to van Soest (2009) Placospongia carinata sensu Little (1963), Hechtel (1976), Coelho & Mello-Leitão (1978) and Pulitzer-Finali (1986) (including citation of Lehnert & van Soest, 1998) = Placospongia sp. 1 [non P. carinata (Bowerbank, 1858)], probably a new species. Although we agree with this proposal, we preferred to keep the original identification of these records as P. carinata until a formal description of “Placospongia sp. 1” is published. (2) The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil was not indicated by Hechtel (1976). It was obtained through the label of the specimen YPM IZ 9021. (3) Coelho & Mello-Leitão (1978) erroneously indicated the coordinates of their collection site as 2o30’S–47o16’01”W, a locality near Paragominas, Pará State, 200 km inland. We assumed it was a missprint of 2o30’N, which is located offshore. K Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 276; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Bispo e al., 2006: 24. ?Placospongia melobesioides sensu Schmidt, 1870: 72; Arndt, 1927: 142; de Laubenfels, 1936: 153, González-Farías, 1989: 81 (non Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b; synonyms after van Soest, 2009). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 960 (Fig. 9A). 68 TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (8o28’S–34o55’W). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay; Bispo et al., 2006 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 29, 8o28’S–34o55’W, 25 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: ?Gulf of Mexico (Schmidt, 1870), ?Curaçao (Arndt, 1927); ?Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1936), ?Mexico (Campeche; González-Farías, 1989) (cf. van Soest, 2009). REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as the holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Mothes et al. (2006a) considered Placospongia cristata as a junior synonym of P. melobesioides Gray, 1867b, following the suggestion of Rützler (2002c), but we prefer to keep them as separate species waiting for more detailed studies. We follow here tentatively the proposal of van Soest (2009) that several Western Atlantic records of P. melobesioides belong instead to this species, but this hypothesis also needs to be tested by genetic methods. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888 Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888: 273; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 80; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Alcolado, 2002: 60; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Diaz, 2005: 470 (non Placospongia intermedia sensu de Laubenfels, 1936 [= “Placospongia sp. 3”; cf. van Soest, 2009]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1850.10.7.25. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: Punta Arenas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Puerto Rico (Sollas, 1888), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: This species is currently being revised and its Brazilian records will probably be invalidated (Cíntia Rua, pers. comm., 2011). K Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867 Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867b: 128; Carter, 1880: 53; Carter, 1882: 357; Sollas, 1888: 271; Vosmaer & Vernhout, 1902: 13; de Laubenfels, 1953: 540; Hechtel, 1969: 32; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Pulitzer- Taxonomic List Finali, 1993: 274; Rützler, 2002c: 198; (?)Mothes et al., 2006a: 670; de Voogd et al., 2009: 174 (non Placospongia melobesioides sensu Schmidt, 1870: 72; Arndt, 1927: 142; de Laubenfels, 1936: 153, González-Farías, 1989: 81 [= ?P. cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 52.4.1.14. TYPE LOCALITY: Borneo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá (02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W), 76 m depth, Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Borneo. Indian Ocean: Gulf of Manaar (Gray, 1867b; Sollas, 1888; Vosmaer & Vernhout, 1902; de Voogd et al., 2009), Mombasa, Zanzibar (Pulitzer-Finali, 1993). Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953; Rützler, 2002c). Caribbean: Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989). REMARKS: Mothes et al. (2006a) considered Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973 as a junior synonym of P. melobesioides, following the suggestion of Rützler (2002c). However, in view of the long distance between Brazil and the type locality of P. melobesioides, we prefer to keep them as separate species until more evidence is available. The Caribbean records of this species also need revision, and many probably belong instead to P. cristata (cf. van Soest, 2009). Although we agree with van Soest (2009) that the Brazilian record of this species (Mothes et al., 2006a) probably does not belong to P. melobesioides sensu stricto, we preferred to keep the name originally used until a new name is formally proposed. Family Polymastiidae Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002b). TOTAL OF: E Polymastia GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2 Bowerbank, 1864 For synonyms see Boury-Esnault (2002b). Type species: Spongia mamillaris Müller, 1806 (by monotypy). K Polymastia corticata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Polymastia corticata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 487; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 211; Topsent, 1892a: 132; Topsent, 1904: 119; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.35a. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Sergipe State: Off the mouth of the São Francisco river (10o46’S–036o02’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Sergipe State: Off the mouth of the São Francisco river (Challenger sta. 125, 10o46’S–036o02’W, 2196 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northeast Atlantic (Azores; Topsent, 1892a, 1904). REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1886, 1887) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designate here as the holotype by monotypy the single specimen collected by the Challenger and deposited at The Natural History Museum, London. (2) Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this species from Pernambuco State. K Polymastia janeirensis (Boury-Esnault, 1973) Suberites janeirensis Boury-Esnault, 1973: 277; Hechtel, 1976: 244. Polymastia sp., Muricy, 1989: 351. Polymastia mammillaris sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 230 [non P. mammillaris (Müller, 1806)]. Polymastia janeirensis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a: 797; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Lerner, 1996: 107; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Mothes et al., 2003: 59; Bakus et al., 2004: 195; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes et al., 2006c: 102; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 44; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Bakus et al., 2007: 2452; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35; Turque et al., 2008: 136; Frota et al., 2009a: 14; Frota et al., 2009b: 441; Laport et al., 2009: 91; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955 (Fig. 9B). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Campos dos Goytacazes (22o12’S–40o59’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Espírito Santo state: Camburi (BouryEsnault et al., 1994a [description]). Guarapari (BouryEsnault et al., 1994a [description]). Vitória (BouryEsnault et al., 1994a [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (3 m depth, Bakus et al., 2004 [ecology]; Bakus et al., 2007 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (15 m depth, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description]; 5-10 m depth, Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; 3-7 m depth, Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a [description]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Cabo Frio (3-5 m depth, Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a [description]). Off Campos dos Goytacazes 69 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera (Calypso sta. 100, 22o12’S–40o59’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; 7 m depth, Turque et al., 2008 [microbiology]; 4-20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009 [microbiology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (3 m depth, Boury-Esnault et al., 1994a [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]; 0.5-20 m depth, Frota et al., 2009a, b [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, Lerner, 1996 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. Boury-Esnault et al. (1994a) referred to MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955 as “type specimen” and the type locality as being Camburi, Espírito Santo State. However, the coordinates of the collection site of this specimen are much closer to Campos dos Goytacazes and clearly in Rio de Janeiro State. Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 For synonyms see Rützler (2002d). TOTAL OF: E Diplastrella GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 4 Topsent, 1918 Tethya bistellata Schmidt, 1862 (by original designation). Type species: K Diplastrella bistellata (Schmidt, 1862) Tethya bistellata Schmidt, 1862: 45. Diplastrella bistellata, van Soest, 1993: 210; Rützler, 2002d: 221; Muricy et al., 2006: 116. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype USNM 2022309 (cf. Rützler, 2002d). TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Tremiti Islands (Adriatic Sea). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Bahia, Espírito Santo or Rio de Janeiro; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Adriatic Sea (Italy; Schmidt, 1862; Rützler, 2002d).Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: The Brazilian record requires revision. K Diplastrella megastellata Hechtel, 1965 Diplastrella megastellata Hechtel, 1965: 58; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1213; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 57; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 80; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Moraes et 70 al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2006: 140. Diplastrella megastelata, Diaz, 2005: 471 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5044. Schizoholotype USNM 24503 (Fig. 9C). TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS– 38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C2-25R, 19.520oS– 38.768o’W, 65 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C5-25R, 19.527oS– 38.768o’W, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989). E Spirastrella Schmidt, 1868 For synonyms see Rützler (2002d). Type species: Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868 (by monotypy). K Spirastrella coccinea (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Thalysias coccinea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 84. Spirastrella coccinea, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 96; Hechtel, 1965: 54; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 163; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 90; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Alcolado, 2002: 60; Diaz, 2005: 470; Cedro et al., 2007: 234 (non Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 145; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 20; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos et al., 2002b: 390 [=Spirastrella hartmani]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1928.11.12.46 (fragment; cf. van Soest et al., 2003). Paralectotype ZMAPOR 2076. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: Some of these records may actually belong to Spirastrella hartmani. K Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault, Klautau, Bézac, Wulff & Solé-Cava, 1999 Taxonomic List Chondrilla phyllodes sensu Carter, 1890: 565 [non Chondrilla phyllodes (Schmidt, 1870) = Spirastrella phyllodes]. Chondrillina phylloides, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 15 (misspelling). Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 79; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 145; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 20; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos et al., 2002b: 390 (non Thalysias coccinea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 84; non Spirastrella coccinea sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 163; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 90; Diaz, 2005: 470). Spirastrella cunctatrix sensu de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 13; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 162; Santos et al., 2002b: 390 (non Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868). Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault et al., 1999: 48; Esteves et al., 2002: 6; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Muricy et al., 2008: 60; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.NBE 1469. Paratypes YPM 21026, 21027. TYPE LOCALITY: Panama (Atlantic coast): San Blas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter, 1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]; Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Esteves et al., 2002 [description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A (Florida: Dry Tortugas (de Laubenfels, 1936), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands, Panama (Atlantic coast; Boury-Esnault et al., 1999; Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: Some of these records possibly belong to Spirastrella coccinea. Family Stylocordylidae Topsent, 1892 TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 E Stylocordyla Thomson, 1873 For synonyms see van Soest (2002b). Type species: Hyalonema boreale Loven, 1868 (by original designation). K Stylocordyla borealis (Loven, 1868) Hyalonema borealis Loven, 1868: 99; Gray, 1868e: 319. Polymastia stipitata Carter, 1876: 393. Stylorhiza stipitata, Schmidt, 1880: 79. Stylocordyla stipitata, Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 489; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 223; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Hechtel, 1976: 254. Stylocordyla borealis, Topsent, 1913a: 27; Koltun, 1964: 24; van Soest, 2002b: 225. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype and paralectotype in Stockholm Museum (cf. van Soest, 2002b). TYPE LOCALITY: Norway. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [distribution]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway (Loven, 1868), Iceland (Topsent, 1913a), Antarctica (Koltun, 1964). Caribbean: Grenada (Schmidt, 1880). REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886, 1887; off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously recorded this species from Maceió, Alagoas State. (3) The holotype of Polymastia stipitata Carter is deposited at BMNH 1882.7.28.73 (Fig. 9D); the Brazilian specimen (Ridley & Dendy, 1887) is deposited at BMNH 1887.5.2.279 (Fig. 9E). The specimens are quite different morphologically and may represent distinct species. Their synonymy to Stylocordyla borealis should also be checked. Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870 For synonyms see van Soest (2002c). TOTAL OF: E Aaptos GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 8 Gray, 1867 For synonyms see van Soest (2002c). Type species: Ancorina adriatica Gray, 1867a: 519 (by original designation) [= Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864: 33)]. K Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864) Ancorina aaptos Schmidt, 1864: 33. Aaptos aaptos, Lévi, 1958: 24, Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 130; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 77; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 71 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 1210; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 267; van Soest, 1993: 212; Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1994: 304; van Soest, 2002c: 229; Souza et al., 2007: 201 (further synonyms in van Soest, 2002c) [non Aaptos aaptos sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Aaptos bergmanni]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1910.1.1.866 (designated by Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1994: 304). Paralectotype LMJG 15705 (designated by van Soest, 2002c). TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria: Lagoste. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Souza et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean (Zanzibar, Mombasa; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993), Red Sea, Atlantic coast of Africa, Puerto Rico (Schmidt, 1864; Wilson, 1902; Lévi, 1958; Thomas, 1973), Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: Aaptos aaptos sensu lato is a complex of sibling species and the identity of the Brazilian record is highly questionable. K Aaptos bergmanni de Laubenfels, 1950 Aaptos bergmanni de Laubenfels, 1950a: 101; Hechtel, 1976: 252. Aaptos aaptos sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 274; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; Laport et al., 2009: 91 [non Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864)]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntype BMNH 1948.8.6.43. Other syntypes BAMZ unregistered. TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Santo Antonio Bank (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a). REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of A. aaptos from the Calypso expedition (Boury-Esnault, 1973) was synonymized with A. bergmanni by Hechtel (1976) without apparent justification. (2) The collection site of the record from Bahia state was inferred from the label of YPM 8970. (3) Some authors (Solé-Cava et al., 1981; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988) consider A. bergmanni as a junior synonym of Aaptos aaptos. E Suberites Nardo, 1833 For synonyms see van Soest (2002c). Type species: Alcyonium domuncula Olivi, 1792 (by original designation). 72 K Suberites aurantiacus (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Terpios aurantiaca Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 99; Rützler et al., 2000: 234. Suberites aurantiaca, Rützler & Smith, 1993: 390; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 80; Diaz, 2005: 471. Laxosuberites aurantiaca, Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 51; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651. Protosuberites aurantiaca, Mothes et al., 2003: 49; Mothes et al., 2006c: 83. Protosuberites aurantiacus, Santos et al., 2004: 590. Suberites aurantiacus, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 48; Farrapeira et al., 2009: 91. TYPE SPECIMENS: Schizolectotype USNM 31045. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State: Ipojuca (Farrapeira et al., 2009 [ecology]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Tobago, Belize (Rützler & Smith, 1993; Rützler et al., 2000), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005). K Suberites caminatus Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Suberites caminatus Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 484; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 198; Topsent, 1892a: 130; Koltun, 1964: 25; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 277; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Mothes de Moraes & Pauls, 1979: 59; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Mothes et al., 2003: 71; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 205; Mothes et al., 2006c: 73; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.92. TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: off the mouth of Plata River (37°17’S–53°52’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Ilha Grande (5 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Off Maricá (Calypso sta. 108, 23o06’S–42o50’W, 63 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Off Rio de Janeiro (Calypso sta. 105, 23o07’S–43o11’W, 54 m depth; Boury-Esnault, Plates Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Fig. 5. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Holoxea violacea (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 964). B, Jaspis salvadori (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 956). C, D, Penares anisoxia (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1029). E, Penares chelotropa (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 944). F, Rhabdastrella fibrosa (holotype YPM 5730, from two different angles). G, Rhabdastrella virgula (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1023). H, Stelletta anancora (Burton’s (1954) specimen from São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago – BMNH 1938.6.30.6). 74 Taxonomic List Fig. 6. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Stelletta anasteria (paratype MNRJ 6699). B, Tribrachium schmidtii (neotype BMNH 1889.1.1.71d; cf. Uriz et al., 2002a). C, D, Caminus sphaeroconia (one of the three syntypes in BMNH.1889.1.1.78). E, Erylus alleni (holotype USNM 22268). F, Erylus formosus (holotype BMNH.1889.1.1.77). G, Geodia corticostylifera (paratype MNRJ 2906). H, Geodia glariosa (syntype BMNH.1889.1.1.85). 75 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Fig. 7. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, B, Geodia papyracea (schizoparatype USNM 24496). C, Geodia tylastra (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999) from two different angles. D, Characella aspera (syntype BMNH.1889.1.1.41). E, Dysidea etheria (holotype USNM 22408). F, Dysidea robusta (paratype MNRJ 3121). G, Euryspongia rosea (holotype USNM 22428). H, Ircinia pauciarenaria (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012, from Atol das Rocas). 76 Taxonomic List Fig. 8. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Ircinia pauciarenaria (syntype MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 1022, from off Recife). B, Psammocinia compacta (holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.39). C, Cacospongia amorpha (fragment of one the two syntypes in BMNH 1885.8.8.26a). D, Cacospongia levis (holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.25). E, Scalarispongia cincta (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1017). F, Scolopes moseleyi (holotype BMNH 1889.1.1.106). G, Cliona raphida (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 994). H, Spheciospongia symbiotica (holotype YPM 9026). 77 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Fig. 9. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Placospongia cristata (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 960). B, Polymastia janeirensis (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 955). C, Diplastrella megastellata (schizoholotype USNM 24503). D, Stylocordyla stipitata (= Stylocordyla borealis; holotype BMNH.1882.7.28.73 from Shetland Islands). E, Stylocordyla stipitata (= Stylocordyla borealis; Challenger specimen from off Salvador, Bahia state, BMNH.1887.5.2.279). F, Terpios manglaris (holotype USNM 43150). G, Ptilocaulis braziliensis (holotype YPM 5727). H, Ptilocaulis fosteri (paratype YPM 8984). 78 Taxonomic List Fig. 10. Type and representative specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Scopalina ruetzleri (holotype USNM 24459). B, Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis (holotype MNRJ 2030). C, Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina (holotype MNRJ 580). D, Didiscus oxeata (holotype YPM 8968). E, Arenosclera brasiliensis (holotype UFRJPOR 4627). F, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli (holotype YPM 8944). G, H, Amphimedon compressa (lectotype ZMAPOR 863). 79 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Fig. 11. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Amphimedon erina (holotype USNM 22245). B, Niphates alba (holotype ZMAPOR 3942). C, Pachychalina alcaloidifera (holotype MNRJ 552). D, Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi (holotype ZMAPOR 3670). E, Xestospongia grayi (fragments of holotype YPM 9008). F, Aka coralliphaga (holotype USNM 24095). G, Oceanapia bartschi (two fragments (?) of the holotype USNM 22391). H, Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887 from off Salvador, Bahia State (= Oceanapia fistulosa; BMNH 1887.5.2.244). 80 Taxonomic List Fig. 12. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Oceanapia nodulosa (holotype YPM 5705 from two different angles). B, Metania fittkaui (holotype MNRJ 05). C, Oncosclera jewelli (holotype MNRJ 01). D, Pottsiela spoliata (holotype MNRJ 87). E, Radiospongilla amazonensis (holotype MNRJ 88). F, Plakortis microrhabdifera (holotype MNRJ 2165). G, Gastrophanella cavernicola (paratype UFRJPOR 4773). H, Acarnus radovani (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 963-bis). 81 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Fig. 13. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Acarnus toxeata (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1037). B, Cornulum tylotum (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943). C, Clathria (Clathria) calypso (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035). D, Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 972). E, Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946). F, Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 983). G, Echinodictyum dendroides (holotype YPM 8946). H, Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuis (holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.24). 82 Taxonomic List Fig. 14. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae (lectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1032). B, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae (paralectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1039). C, Thrinacophora funiformis (one of the two syntypes in BMNH 1887.5.2.27). D, Sigmaxinella cearense (holotype MNRJ 8687). E, Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973). F, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife (syntype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985). G, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota (holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 986). H, Echinostylinos unguiferus (= Monanchora arbuscula; holotype USNM 23404). 83 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Fig. 15. Type specimens of Brazilian sponge species. A, Crella (Grayella) spinosa (holotype YPM 9019). B, Phorbas ramosus (holotype YPM 8969). C, Craniella carteri (syntype BMNH 1889.1.1.23). D, Craniella corticata (syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027). E, Aplysina muricyana (paratype MNRJ 2173). F, Aplysina pergamentacea (holotype YPM 9004). G, Aplysina solangeae (holotype MNRJ 4173). H, Eurete atlantica (holotype MNRJ 7330A). 84 Taxonomic List 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). São Paulo State: Off Ubatuba (Calypso sta. 130, 23o43’S–44o57’W, 46 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande (Calypso sta. 155; 32o41’S–51o39’W, 40 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Off Santa Vitória do Palmar (34o19’S–51o42’W, 196 m depth, Mothes de Moraes & Pauls, 1979 [description]). Santa Catarina State: Off Barra Velha (Calypso sta. 145, 26o34’S–47o22’W, 100 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay (off the mouth of Plata River; Boury-Esnault, 1973), Argentina (Ridley & Dendy, 1886, 1887; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), Azores (Topsent, 1892a), Southern Indian Ocean (off Marion Island, Ridley & Dendy, 1887), Antarctica (Koltun, 1964). REMARKS: (1) Mothes de Moraes & Pauls (1979) reported their collection site as being in Uruguay, but the nearest point to it in the coast is Santa Vitória do Palmar, Southern Brazil. (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Suberites caminatos (sic) from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; this record is not considered valid here because it was based on an unpublished academic study. K Suberites carnosus (Johnston, 1842) Halichondria carnosa Johnston, 1842: 146. Suberites carnosus, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 197; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 277; Hechtel, 1976: 252; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Santos et al., 2002b: 390; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 205; Moraes et al., 2006: 168. Suberites massa sensu Carter, 1890: 566. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: British Islands: Roundstone Bay, Cunnamara. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Carter, 1890 [faunistics]; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Calypso sta. 114, 23o04’S–44o14’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.K. (Johnston, 1842), Azores (Ridley & Dendy, 1887), Mediterranean (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993), Argentina (LópezGappa & Landoni, 2005), Kerguelen Islands, Australia (cf. Ridley & Dendy, 1887). (1) Hechtel (1976) considered the records from Fernando de Noronha as questionable. It was described as “a variety” of S. carnosus by Ridley & Dendy (1887) and as S. massa by Carter (1890). (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Suberites carnosus from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, but this record is not considered valid here because it was based on an unpublished academic study. REMARKS: E Terpios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation; Topsent, 1900). Type species: K Terpios belindae Rützler & Smith, 1993 Terpios belindae Rützler & Smith, 1993: 388; Mothes et al., 2006a: 673. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 43147. Paratypes USNM 43148, 43149, MZUS PO-150. TYPE LOCALITY: Tobago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene (02º34’02”N–47º54’05”W, 56 m depth, Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Tobago, Gulf of Mexico (Rützler & Smith, 1993). K Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Terpios fugax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 102; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 103; Rützler & Smith, 1993: 384; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; van Soest, 2002c: 244; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 49; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype (designated by van Soest et al., 1983) BMNH 1928.11.12.11. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Cagarras Archipelago, Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Belize, Puerto Rico, Bermuda; Adriatic Sea: Croatia (de Laubenfels, 1950a; Rützler & Smith, 1993; Rützler et al., 2000; van Soest, 2002c). K Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993 Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993: 385; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 471; Lerner et al., 2005b: 608. 85 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Holotype USNM 43150 (Fig. 9F). Paratypes USNM 43151, 43161, 43162. TYPE LOCALITY: Belize: Man of War Cay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas (Deserta Island, 12 m depth; Galé Island, 11 m depth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Rützler & Smith, 1993; Rützler et al., 2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005). TYPE SPECIMENS: Family Tethyidae Gray, 1848 For synonyms see Sarà (2002). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 E Halicometes SPECIES: 10 Topsent, 1898 For synonyms see Sarà (2002). Type species: Halicometes stellata (Schmidt, 1870) (by original designation). K Halicometes minuta Sarà & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995 Halicometes minuta Sarà & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995: 167; Hajdu et al., 2004: 184; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 423. Paratypes MCN 27652770, MSNG 48599, 48600. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tramandaí (30º20’S–48º37’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Bertioga (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6661, 24º07.637’S– 45º51.895’W, 147 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]). Off Cananéia (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6699, 26º01.26’S– 46º25.26’W, 150 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6673, 24º17.939’S–44º35.983’W, 133 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tramandaí (30º20’S–48º37’W, 190 m depth; Sarà & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Tethya Lamarck, 1814 For synonyms see Sarà (2002). Type species: Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766). K Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766) Alcyonium aurantium Pallas, 1766: 357. Donatia lyncurium, Carter, 1890: 566. Tethya lyncurium, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Santos et al., 2002b: 391. Tethya aurantium, Hechtel, 1976: 252; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 19; van Soest, 1993: 210; Sarà, 2002: 248; Santos et al., 2002b: 391. 86 Neotype MSNG 49670 (cf. Sarà, 2002). Italy: Naples. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter, 1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea, Northwestern coasts of Africa, Azores (Sarà, 2002). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: The Brazilian record of T. aurantium was recently reevaluated and renamed as a new species, Tethya beatrizae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011. The new name is not used in this catalogue, however, because it only includes references up to year 2010. TYPE SPECIMENS: TYPE LOCALITY: K Tethya brasiliana Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 Tethya brasiliana Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 4. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4670-a. Paratypes UFRJPOR 4670-b, 4676; MNRJ 5309, 5310, 5313, 5314, 5317a–b, 5318, 5319. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Tethya cyanae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 Tethya cyanae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 7. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6723. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Tethya diploderma Schmidt, 1870 Tethya diploderma Schmidt, 1870: 52; de Laubenfels, 1953: 545; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14; Hechtel, 1976: 253, 255; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 98; Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 130; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Santos et al., 2002b: 391. TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimens identified by Schmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1870.5.3.93, ZMUC unregistered (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region: Taxonomic List São Paulo State: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Porto Belo (0.5-1.5 m depth, João da Cunha Island, Mothes de Moraes, 1987 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Antilles, Puerto Rico, Jamaica (Schmidt, 1870; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998). REMARKS: The Brazilian records of T. diploderma were recently reevaluated and re-identified as Tethya maza (cf. Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011). The revised name is not used in this catalogue, however, because it only includes references up to year 2010. K Tethya ignis Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 Tethya ignis Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 9. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5322a. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Tethya japonica Sollas, 1888 Tethya japonica Sollas, 1888: 430; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 274; Thomas, 1973: 72; Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines: off Manila (11°37’N–123°31’E). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Philippines (Sollas, 1888), Seychelles, Red Sea, Australian region (cf. Thomas, 1973). REMARKS: The Brazilian record of T. japonica has been recently reevaluated and was renamed as a new species, Tethya nicoleae Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011. The new name is not used in this catalogue, however, because it only includes references up to year 2010. K Tethya maza Selenka, 1879 Tethya maza Selenka, 1879: 472; Sollas, 1888: 440; Sollas, 1902: 216; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Mothes de Moraes, 1980: 78; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. Donatia maza, Eichenauer, 1915: 271. Tethytimea maza, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 14. Tethya sp., cf. maza, Hechtel, 1965: 67. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 810 (cf. Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro. Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro (Selenka, 1879 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Mothes de Moraes, 1980 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), U.S. Virgin Islands (Eichenauer, 1915). REMARKS: (1) Mello-Leitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species from Florianópolis, in Santa Catarina State (as Destêrro). (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Tethya maza from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, but this record is not considered valid here because it was based on an unpublished academic study. (3) This species has been recently revised and a neotype was designated from the same original type locality (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K Tethya rubra Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 Tethya rubra Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004: 11. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5316. Paratypes UFRJPOR 4735, MNRJ 5320, 5321. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original description]). Pernambuco State: Ipojuca (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original description]). Recife (Ribeiro & Muricy, 2004 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Tethya seychellensis (Wright, 1881) Alemo seychellensis Wright, 1881: 13. Tethya seychellensis, Sollas, 1888: 427; Wilson, 1902: 388; Hechtel, 1965: 65; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 81. Tethya lyncurium var. C, Dendy, 1905: 114. TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (cf. Hechtel, 1965). TYPE LOCALITY: Seychelles. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Seychelles (Wright, 1881), Sri Lanka (Dendy, 1905), Philippines (Sollas, 1888), Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the label of the specimen YPM 8966. (2) 87 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera The Brazilian record was recently reevaluated and re-identified as Tethya maza (cf. Ribeiro & Muricy, 2011). Family Timeidae Topsent, 1928 For synonyms see Rützler (2002e). TOTAL OF: E Timea GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 5 Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Rützler (2002e). Type species: Hymedesmia stellata Bowerbank, 1866 (by monotypy). K Timea authia de Laubenfels, 1930 Timea authia de Laubenfels, 1930: 26; de Laubenfels, 1932: 45; de Laubenfels, 1956: 3; Hechtel, 1976: 255. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 21499; BMNH 29.8.22.22. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Laguna Beach (California State). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: California (de Laubenfels, 1930, 1932). REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of this Northeastern Pacific species should be revised. (2) de Laubenfels apparently divided in two the single original specimen, without specifying which one would be the schizotype (cf. de Laubenfels, 1932). K Timea bioxyasterina Mothes, Santos & Campos, 2004 Timea bioxyasterina Mothes et al., 2004d: 3. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7984. Schizoholotype MCN 1850 (slides). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (01°51’00”S–43°48’00”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (01°51’00”S–43°48’00”W, 35.5 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004d [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Timea cumana Pulitzer-Finali, 1977 Timea cumana Pulitzer-Finali, 1977: 32; Muricy et al., 2006: 140; Muricy & Santos, 2007: 38. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1977.7.6.8b. TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Naples. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Santos, 2007 [description]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C5-25R, 19.527oS–38.768oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). 88 WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean: Italy (Pulitzer-Finali, 1977). K Timea mixta (Topsent, 1896) Hymedesmia mixta Topsent, 1896a: 125. Timea mixta, Hechtel, 1976: 253; Schmahl, 1990: 379; van Soest, 1993: 213. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T. 2449. TYPE LOCALITY: France: Cap l’Abeille (NW Mediterranean). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: France (NW Mediterranean; Topsent, 1896a), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the label of the specimen YPM 8954. K Timea stellifasciata Sarà & Siribelli, 1960 Timea stellifasciata Sarà & Siribelli, 1960: 34; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 276; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1993: 210. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype SZN 101 (in spirit), 113 (slides). Paratypes SZN 18, 26, 323, 400. TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Naples. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: ?Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]) OR ?Alagoas State: Off Maceió (Calypso sta. 33, 9o45’S–35o35W, 32 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Naples, Roscoff (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) recorded this species from Calypso Station 23, but indicated the coordinates and depth corresponding to Station 33 according to Forest (1966). It is unclear which information was correct, and thus the precise locality of this record is uncertain. (2) van Soest (2009) reported morphological differences between the Calypso specimen and the Mediterranean Timea stellifasciata sensu Sarà & Siribelli (1960), suggesting they may be distinct species. ORDER HALICHONDRIDA GRAY, 1867 For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002b). Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875 For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 9 Taxonomic List E Axinella Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002). Type species: Axinella polypoides Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Axinella corrugata (George & Wilson, 1919) Acanthella corrugata George & Wilson, 1919: 161. Teichaxinella corrugata, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 154; Lerner, 1996: 111. Teichaxinella morchella Wiedenmayer, 1977: 154. Axinella corrugata, Alvarez et al., 1998: 10; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al., 2002b: 394; Mothes et al., 2003: 46; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes et al., 2006c: 77; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 56; Dresch et al., 2008: 24; Menezes et al., 2010: 467. Axinella sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 166. Axinella aff. corrugata, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Laport et al., 2009: 91 (non Axinella aff. corrugata sensu Hajdu et al., 1999; Santos et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006). Axinella cf. corrugata, Lira et al., 2007: 440. TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM unregistered (slides; cf. Alvarez et al., 1998). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: state not informed (Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Lira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]; Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; 0.5-14 m depth, Dresch et al., 2008 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida), Curaçao, Venezuela (George & Wilson, 1919; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Alvarez et al., 1998). K Axinella echidnaea Ridley, 1884 sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Axinella echidnaea sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 183; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 253 (non Axinella echidnaea Ridley, 1884: 462; Kieschnick, 1896: 533; Hentschel, 1912: 419; non Reniochalina stalagmitis Lendenfeld, 1888 sensu Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994; Alvarez & Hooper, 2009). TYPE LOCALITY: None (not a valid species name). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Hooper & Wiedenmayer (1994) and Alvarez & Hooper (2009) included Axinella echidnaea as a junior synonym of Reniochalina stalagmitis Lendenfeld, 1888, from Western Australia, clearly stating however that the synonymy does not include the Brazilian record of Ridley & Dendy (1887). It became thus unclear which name should be used for that Brazilian record. It probably deserves a new name, but that would require a morphological revision of the Challenger specimen, which is out of the scope of this contribution. We thus maintained the name Axinella echidnaea but adding “sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887” to make this distinction clear. The Brazilian specimens of this species strongly need revision. (2) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887) (off Salvador), was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). E Dragmacidon Hallmann, 1917 For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002). Type species: Thrinacophora agariciformis Dendy, 1905 (by original designation). K Dragmacidon reticulatum (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) Axinella reticulata Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 481; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 184; Wilson, 1902: 400; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13. Axinella lunaecharta sensu Hechtel, 1976: 241. Pseudaxinella lunaecharta sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 155; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 131; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 102; Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 131; Zea, 1987: 195; Muricy, 1989: 351; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Pseudaxinella lunaecharta Ridley & Dendy, 1886). Pseudaxinella reticulata, Lerner, 1996: 110; Alvarez et al., 1998: 15; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al., 2002b: 394; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Dresch et al., 2005: 17. 89 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Dragmacidon reticulata, Diaz, 2005: 470; Mothes et al., 2006c: 78; Menezes et al., 2010: 467. Dragmacidon reticulatus, Mothes et al., 2003: 45; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Mothes et al., 2004b: 149; LôboHajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 57; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605. Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Muricy et al., 2008: 107. Dragmacydon reticulatus, Vilanova et al., 2004: 651 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.11. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: State not informed (from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas; Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]). Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Bahia State: Off Salvador (14-40 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Alvarez et al., 1998 [description]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Maranhão State: Off São Luís (01o33.81’S–43o15.87’w, 80 m depth, Mothes et al., 2004b [description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão (00o45’25”S–44o34’39”W, 43 m depth, Mothes et al., 2004b [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: State not informed (Alvarez et al., 1998 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Espírito Santo state: Guarapari (20o36’S–40o23’W; Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; LôboHajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; 5-10 m depth, Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). South 90 Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Porto Belo (1.5-4.0 m depth, João da Cunha Island; Mothes de Moraes, 1987 [description]; Lerner, 1996 [description]). Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Curaçao, Bahamas, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida), Bermuda, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize, Nicarágua, Trinidad y Tobago, Venezuela (Wilson, 1902; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Alvarez et al., 1990; Alvarez et al., 1998), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Pseudaxinella lunaecharta from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, but this record is not considered valid here because it was based on an unpublished academic study. E Dragmaxia Hallmann, 1916 Spongosorites variabilis Whitelegge, 1907 (by original designation). Type species: K Dragmaxia anomala Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004 Dragmaxia anomala Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004: 3. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 122. Paratypes MNRJ 124, 500, 788. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Carvalho & Hajdu, 2004 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Phakellia Bowerbank, 1862 For synonyms see Alvarez & Hooper (2002). Type species: Halichondria ventilabrum (= Spongia ventilabra Linnaeus, 1767) (by original designation). K Phakellia connexiva Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Phakellia ventilabrum var. connexiva Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 170; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13. Phakellia connexiva, Alvarez et al., 1998: 30; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 213; Muricy et al., 2006: 143; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. Phakellia ventilabrum sensu Hechtel, 1976: 256 [non Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767)]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.2 (cf. Alvarez et al., 1998). Taxonomic List TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga (Challenger sta. 122c, 09o10’S–34o49’W, 731 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Alvarez et al., 1998); off Falklands Islands (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: E Ptilocaulis Ptilocaulis bistyla (Hechtel, 1983) Stylaxinella sp. A, Hechtel, 1976: 253. Stylaxinella bistyla Hechtel, 1983: 74. Ptilocaulis bistyla, Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 22; Santos et al., 2002b: 394; Moraes et al., 2006: 168. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8994. Paratypes YPM 5739-A, 5739-B. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (1-2 m depth, Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (27-30 m depth, Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K (Fig. 9H). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Ptilocaulis braziliensis (Hechtel, 1983) (new combination) Stylaxinella sp. B, Hechtel, 1976: 253. Stylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983: 75. Stylinos braziliensis, Santos et al., 2002b: 394. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5727 (Fig. 9G). Paratypes YPM 8967, 9011. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New generic assignment following Alvarez & Hooper (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). Recife (18-30 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Alvarez et al. (1998: 25) transferred this species to Ptilocaulis. K Ptilocaulis walpersi (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Pandaros walpersi Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 90. Ptilocaulis walpersi, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 84; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Diaz, 2005: 470; Muricy et al., 2008: 105. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 56. Paralectotype MSNG 38763. Schizolectotypes USNM 31025, MNHN.D.NBE 1314, BMNH 1928.11.12.17. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bermuda, Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Curaçao (Alvarez et al., 1998), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). Family Dictyonellidae van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi, 1990 For synonyms see van Soest et al. (2002). TOTAL OF: Ptilocaulis fosteri (Hechtel, 1983) Perissinella sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253. Perissinella fosteri Hechtel, 1983: 73; Santos et al., 2002b: 394. GENERA: 2 E Acanthella SPECIES: 2 Schmidt, 1862 Acanthella acuta Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; Vosmaer, 1912). Type species: K Acanthella flagelliformis (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988) Bubaris flagelliformis van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 110. Acanthella flagelliformis, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010f: 26. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 5366. Paratypes ZMAPOR 5364, 5365, 5367. TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados: off Holetown. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (Oceanprof II BC-Norte, sta. 13, Cosme & Hajdu, 2010f). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). E Scopalina K Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Carter, 1883b Ptilocaulis gracilis Carter, 1883b (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936) (junior synonym of Pandaros walpersi Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; synonyms after Alvarez & Hooper, 2002). Type species: K Holotype YPM 9009. Paratype YPM 8984 TYPE SPECIMENS: (09o10’S–34o49’W). Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see van Soest et al. (2002). Type species: Scopalina lophyropoda Schmidt, 1862 (by monotypy). 91 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera K Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977) Ulosa ruetzleri Wiedenmayer, 1977: 145; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 118; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Muricy, 1989: 351. “Ulosa” ruetzleri, van Soest, 1981: 8; Zea, 1987: 200. Dictyonella ruetzleri, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1215; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429. Scopalina ruetzleri, van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 59; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Santos et al., 2002b: 394; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Mothes et al., 2003: 55; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 470; Lerner et al., 2005b: 602; Mothes et al., 2006c: 94; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 58; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 24459 (Fig. 10A). Paratypes USNM 24460, 24461. TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Bimini. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Recife (Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Arvoredo Island (7 m depth; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Bombinhas (1.5 m depth, Galé Island; 5-11 m depth, Deserta Island; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Jamaica 92 (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998), Belize, Bermuda (Rützler et al., 2000, 2003), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867 For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 6 E Amorphinopsis SPECIES: 13 Carter, 1887 For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002). Type species: Amorphinopsis excavans Carter, 1887 (by monotypy). K Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho, Hajdu, Mothes & van Soest, 2004 Amorphinopsis sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Prado et al., 2004: 129. Amorphinopsis atlantica Carvalho et al., 2004: 925; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 52. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 353. Paratypes MNRJ 142, 194, 200, 246, 249, 278, 330, 359, 363, 375, 443, 493, 520, 523, 571, 685, 707, 1688, 4001, 4004, UFRJPOR 43694372. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Carvalho et al., 2004 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Carvalho et al., 2004 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Carvalho et al., 2004 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Ciocalypta Bowerbank, 1862 For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002). Type species: Ciocalypta penicillus Bowerbank, 1864 (by monotypy). K Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003 Ciocalypta sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho et al., 2003: 2. Taxonomic List Holotype MCN 5056. Paratypes MCN 5060, MNRJ 501, 555, 779, 781. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Coral Island. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; 15-25 m depth, Carvalho et al., 2003 [original description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Coral Island (locality “Paulo Lopes”, 12 m depth, Carvalho et al., 2003 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005). New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). TYPE SPECIMENS: REMARKS: K Halichondria (Halichondria) migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002). Type species: Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766 (by original designation). Halichondria migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 168. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1333. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião (1.5-2.0 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). P Halichondria K E Halichondria Fleming, 1828 (Halichondria) Fleming, 1828 For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002). Type species: Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766 (by original designation). K Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 Halichondria cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 163; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 51. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2030 (Fig. 10B). Paratypes MNRJ 269, 372, 374, 709, 1301, 1328, 1943, 1944. Schizotypes from holotype BMNH 1999.5.12.1, ZMAPOR 13629. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião (1-2 m depth; Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). K Halichondria (Halichondria) magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965 Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965: 53; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos et al., 2002b: 394; Diaz, 2005: 470; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001: 174. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5039. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ubatuba (Morgado & Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766) Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766: 388. Halichondria panicea, Koltun, 1964: 90; Cuartas, 1991: 52; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002: 801. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype BMNH 1964.6.8.6 (Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002). TYPE LOCALITY: U.K.: Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex (North Sea). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: North Atlantic (Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). Antarctica (Koltun, 1964), Argentina (Cuartas, 1991). REMARKS: (1) The Brazilian record of this species needs revision. (2) New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). K Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 Halichondria sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 170. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1034. Paratypes MNRJ 342, 478, 506a. Schizotypes from holotype BMNH 1999.5.12.2, ZMAPOR 13630. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ilhabela (5-16 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]). São Sebastião (0-1 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). K Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 93 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Halichondria tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001: 173. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 521. Paratype MNRJ 1316. Schizoholotype BMNH 1999.10.6.2. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião (0.5-2.0 m depth, Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). E Hymeniacidon Bowerbank, 1858 For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002). Type species: Hymeniacidon caruncula Bowerbank, 1858 (by subsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1864) (this is considered a junior synonym of Spongia perlevis Montagu, 1818; cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002). K Hymeniacidon heliophila (Parker, 1910) Stylotella heliophila Parker, 1910: 767; Wilson, 1911: 13; George & Wilson, 1919: 147. Hymeniacidon heliophila, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 92; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 150; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Mayer-Pinto et al., 2003: 1498; Mothes et al., 2003: 52; Custódio et al., 2004: 1000; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Breves-Ramos et al., 2005: 953; Lerner et al., 2005b: 605; Mothes et al., 2006c: 88; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 53; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 38; Turque et al., 2008: 136; Calil et al., 2009: 280; Vilanova et al., 2009: 865; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Ribeiro et al., 2010: 316; Turque et al., 2010: 7; Vilanova et al., 2010: 524. Hymeniacidon aff. heliophila, Granato et al., 2000: 597; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Berlinck et al., 2004: 518; LôboHajdu et al., 2004: 415. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Angra dos Reis (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Mayer-Pinto et al., 2003 [ecology]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Niterói (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Ribeiro et al., 2010 [chemical ecology]). Rio de Janeiro (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 94 2004 [genetics]; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Breves-Ramos et al., 2005 [ecology]; Salgado et al., 2007 [genetics]; Turque et al., 2008 [microbiology]; Vilanova et al., 2009 [biochemistry]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Turque et al., 2010 [microbiology]; Vilanova et al., 2010 [cell biology]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (0-14 m depth, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Granato et al., 2000 [chemistry]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]; Custódio et al., 2004 [cell biology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (0.5 m depth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Florianópolis (intertidal; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Penha (Quilombo Beach, 26o46’S–48o38’W; Calil et al., 2009 [ecology]). Porto Belo (João da Cunha Island, intertidal; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a); U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina, Virginia; Parker, 1910; Wilson, 1911; George & Wilson, 1919; de Laubenfels, 1936, 1950), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977). K Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1818) Spongia perlevis Montagu, 1818: 86. Hymeniacidon sanguinea sensu Carter, 1890: 566 (non Spongia sanguinea Grant, 1826). Hymeniacidon sanguineus, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12. Hymeniacidon perlevis, Hechtel, 1976: 252; van Soest, 1993: 210; Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002: 808; Santos et al., 2002b: 394. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1930.7.3.1290. TYPE LOCALITY: England: Tenby (Wales). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha (Carter, 1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northeast Atlantic (U.K., Azores), Mediterranean (Monaco, Italy), Cape Verde (Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002). REMARKS: The Brazilian record was probably misidentified and needs revision. It was considered questionable by Hechtel (1976) and Moraes et al. (2006). E Petromica Topsent, 1898 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002a). Type species: Petromica grimaldii Topsent, 1898b (by monotypy). REMARKS: We preferred not to follow the classification of the Systema Porifera (Pisera & Lévi, 2002a) because Taxonomic List the Lithistida is widely recognized as an artificial group and Petromica share several characters with the Halichondriidae (e.g., Diaz et al., 1993; Muricy et al., 2001; List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002). P Petromica (Chaladesma) List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002 Type species: Monanthus ciocalyptoides van Soest & Zea, 1986 (by original designation). K Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides (van Soest & Zea, 1986) Monanthus ciocalyptoides van Soest & Zea, 1986: 202. Petromica ciocalyptoides, van Soest et al., 1990: 41; Diaz et al., 1991: 143; Diaz et al., 1993: 288; Gruber, 1993: 47; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Muricy et al., 2001: 115; Santos et al., 2002b: 395; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 54; Kossuga et al., 2007: 1196; Muricy et al., 2008: 102. Petromica cyocalliptoides, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (misspelling). Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002: 820. Petromica ciocaliptoides, Ferreira et al., 2007: 314 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype RMNH Por. 1309. Paratypes ZMAPOR 5837, 5838. TYPE LOCALITY: Caribbean: Saba Bank (17o23’N–63o33’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Açú da Torre (Muricy et al., 2001 [description]). Salvador (Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Todos os Santos Bay (Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy et al., 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Saba Bank, Colombia, Venezuela (van Soest & Zea, 1986; Diaz et al., 1991, 1993; Muricy et al., 2001; List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005). K Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina Muricy, Hajdu, Minervino, Madeira & Peixinho, 2001 Halichondria lutea sensu Lerner, 1996: 109 (non Halichondria lutea Alcolado, 1984: 10; Diaz et al., 1993: 294). Petromica sp. n., Hajdu et al., 1999: 23. Petromica sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36. Petromica citrina Muricy et al., 2001: 117; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Mothes et al., 2003: 59; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes et al., 2006c: 101; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 55; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Santos et al., 2010b: 605; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Turque et al., 2010: 7. Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002: 821. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 580 (Fig. 10C). Paratypes MNRJ 581, 736, 737, 1710–1713, MCN 3395. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro (Muricy et al., 2001 [original description]; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; 20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009 [microbiology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]; Turque et al., 2010 [microbiology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (25 m depth, Muricy et al., 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, Lerner, 1996 [description]; Muricy et al., 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (Muricy et al., 2001; List-Armitage & Hooper, 2002). E Topsentia Berg, 1899 For synonyms see Erpenbeck & van Soest (2002). Type species: Anisoxya glabra Topsent, 1898b (by original designation). K Topsentia ophiraphidites (de Laubenfels, 1934) Viles ophiraphidites de Laubenfels, 1934: 13. Halichondria sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253. Halichondria braziliensis Hechtel, 1983: 71. Spongosorites sinuatus Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 115. Topsentia roquensis Diaz et al., 1987; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 82; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1215. Topsentia ophiraphidites, Diaz et al., 1993: 290; Lehnert & 95 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera van Soest, 1998: 85; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 150; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Santos et al., 2002b: 395; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Mothes et al., 2004b: 151; Moraes et al., 2006: 169; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Kossuga et al., 2007: 1196; Muricy et al., 2008: 99; Moraes, 2009: 359. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22334. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Todos os Santos Bay (Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Maranhão State: Off Barreirinhas (01o57’01”S–42o24’15”w, 70 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004b [description]). Off São Luís (00o35’12”S–43o20’55”w, 94 m depth; 01o03’25”S– 43o30’36”w, 184 m depth; 01o33.81’S–43o15.87’w, 80 m depth; 01o54’31”S–44o03’43”w, 30 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004b [description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão (00o50’N–43o58’w, 49 m depth; 00o22’N–44o5’2W, 72 m depth; 00o11’13”N–44o46’12”w, 93 m depth; 00o20’38”S– 44o17’38”w, 39 m depth; 00o32’S–43o50’w, 72 m depth; 00o51’44”S–44o21’24”w, 31 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004b [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (Hechtel, 1983 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Barbados, Belize, Bonaire, Curaçao, Colombia, Venezuela, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic (de Laubenfels, 1934; PulitzerFinali, 1986; Diaz et al., 1987, 1993; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999; Rützler et al., 2000). Family Heteroxyidae Dendy, 1905 Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917 (cf. Hooper & van Soest, 2005). For further synonyms see Hooper (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Didiscus 96 GENERA: 2 Dendy, 1922 SPECIES: 2 Didiscus placospongioides Dendy, 1922 (by monotypy). Type species: K Didiscus oxeata Hechtel, 1983 Didiscus sp., Hechtel, 1976: 254. Didiscus oxeata Hechtel, 1983: 76; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1214; Hiemstra & van Soest, 1991: 45; Diaz et al., 1993: 304; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 150; Alcolado, 2002: 63; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Muricy et al., 2008: 104; Vaske-Júnior, 2010; 46. Didiscus oxeatus, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 144. Didiscus flavus van Soest, 1984: 146. Didiscus habanensis Alcolado, 1984: 9 (cf. Diaz et al., 1993). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8968 (Fig. 10D). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Locality not informed. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (60 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Bonaire, Curaçao (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Hiemstra & van Soest, 1991; Diaz et al., 1993; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 1984, 2002). E Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 For synonyms see Hooper (2002a). Type species: Alcyonium granulatum Esper, 1830 (by monotypy). K Myrmekioderma rea (de Laubenfels, 1934) Anacanthaea rea de Laubenfels, 1934: 11. Epipolasis reiswigi Diaz et al., 1987: 36; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 85. Myrmekioderma rea, Diaz et al., 1993: 303; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Mothes et al., 2003: 66; Mothes et al., 2004b: 151; Mothes et al., 2006c: 65. Epipolasis rea, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 88. Myrmekioderma styx de Laubenfels, 1953: 523; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1214; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995: 120; PulitzerFinali, 1986: 104; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 90; Diaz et al., 1993: 303; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85. TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 22301. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico (18º30’20”N–66º22’05”W to 18º30’30”N–66º23’05”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (01o33.81’S–43o15.87’W, 80 m depth; Mothes Taxonomic List et al., 2004b [description]). South Region: Rio Grande Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (3 m depth, Muricy do Sul State: Off Mostardas (150-190 m depth; & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Torres et al., 2000 [pharmacology]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Torres et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Stankevicins et al., 2008a [pharmacology]; Stankevicins et al., 2008b [pharmacology]; Floeter et al., 2009 [biogeography]). Arraial do Cabo (3-5 m depth; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Batista et al., 2006 [chemical ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Floeter et al., 2009 [biogeography]). Cabo Frio (Floeter et al., 2009 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Off Rio Grande (31º14’S–49º35’W, 150-190 m depth, de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995 [description]). remarks: The coordinates of the collection site off São Luís were deduced from those originally published (01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviously wrong. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Bahamas, Barbados, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1934; Diaz et al., 1987, 1993; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989). E Callyspongia ORDER HAPLOSCLERIDA TOPSENT, 1928 For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002c). SUBORDER HAPLOSCLERINA TOPSENT, 1928 Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a). Type species: Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1934). For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002d). P Callyspongia Family Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Arenosclera GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 11 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a). Type species: Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1934). Pulitzer-Finali, 1981 Arenosclera heroni Pulitzer-Finali, 1981 (by original designation). Type species: K (Callyspongia) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Arenosclera brasiliensis Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 Arenosclera brasiliensis Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 97; Torres et al., 2000: 1104; Rangel et al., 2001: 35; Torres et al., 2002: 886; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Batista et al., 2006: 142; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 75; Stankevicins et al., 2008a: 543; Stankevicins et al., 2008b: 1870; Floeter et al., 2009: 423. ?Arenosclera sp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. cf. Arenosclera sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429. Arenosclera sp., Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4627 (Fig. 10E). Paratypes UFRJPOR 3071, 3073, 4155, 4231, 4383, 4603, 4628. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Berlinck et al., 2004 [pharmacology]; Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]). Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de K Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri (Ridley, 1881) Chalina coppingeri Ridley, 1881: 110. Haliclona coppingeri, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7. Callyspongia coppingeri, Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank (20º42’S–37º27’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória Bank (Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain, 20º42’S–37º27’W, 71 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on DesqueyrouxFaúndez & Valentine (2002a). K Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 57; de Laubenfels, 1949: 13; Hechtel, 1965: 31; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 172; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 97 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a: 838; Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy et al., 2008: 86. Callyspongia fallax forma fallax, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 92. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax, van Soest, 1980: 47. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 84. Schizolectotypes USNM 31008, MNHN.D.NBE 1067, BMNH.1928.11.12.5, MHNG 22213 (cf. van Soest et al., 1983; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Curaçao, Bonaire, Bahamas (de Laubenfels, 1949; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), U.S.A. (Florida), Puerto Rico (Vieques), Cuba, Panama, Colombia (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005); Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). REMARKS: de Laubenfels (1956) reported a Callyspongia, “perhaps fallax, perhaps vaginalis” from Ceará state. We included this record in the list of unidentified records. K Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli Hechtel, 1983 Callyspongia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253. Callyspongia laboreli Hechtel, 1983: 62. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8944 (Fig. 10F). Paratypes YPM 8945A-D. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos (10-15 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment tentative, based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a). K Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida Hechtel, 1965 Callyspongia pallida Hechtel, 1965: 36; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 89; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 73. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, van Soest, 1980: 51; Zea, 1987: 102. Callyspongia sp. 1, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. Callyspongia sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5038. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast 98 Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (1-7 m depth; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao, Bonaire, Bahamas (van Soest, 1980). P Callyspongia (Cladochalina) Schmidt, 1870 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a). Type species: Tuba armigera Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1927). K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) Dasychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 330. Pachychalina fibrosa, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 21. Callyspongia fibrosa, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 9; Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.5.2.266 (several fragments), 1887.5.2.184. TYPE LOCALITY: Phillipines and Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador (see remarks). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (12-36 m depth, Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Philippines (Ridley & Dendy, 1886, 1887). REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1887) reported that the inside label (“off Bahia”) was different from the outside label (“off Bermuda, shallow water”), but also that there could be little doubt of the Brazilian origin of this species. (2) One of the the type localities (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (3) Ridley & Dendy (1886) did not designate which of their two specimens was the holotype, so both localities of the original series are considered as type localities (ICZN article 76). It is unlikely, however, that such widely disjunct populations belong to the same biological species. (4) New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), van Soest et al. (2011). K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea (Ridley, 1881) Taxonomic List Cladochalina armigera Schmidt var. pergamentacea Ridley, 1881: 112. Chalina pergamentacea, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 27. Haliclona pergamentacea, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7. Callyspongia armigera, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 8. Callyspongia pergamentacea, Burton, 1940: 100; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos e al., 2002: 395; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 215; Moraes et al., 2006: 166. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1879.12.27.31a. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Hotspur Bank (17º32’S– 35º46’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará) (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Abrolhos Archipelago (10 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Hotspur Bank (17º32’S–35º46’W, 64 m depth; Ridley, 1881 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Burton, 1940; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The precise locality and depth of the collection site in Bahia was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only “Bahian Region”. It was obtained through the label of the specimen YPM 8971. (2) Ridley (1881) did not indicate type specimens for this species. We designated here as the holotype the single original specimen, deposited at the BMNH. (3) New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), van Soest et al. (2011). K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) tenerrima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Callyspongia tenerrima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 57; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 172; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Muricy et al., 2008: 87. Callyspongia (Spinosella) tenerrima, van Soest, 1980: 62. TYPE SPECIMENS: No extant type material (cf. van Soest et al., 1983). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas, and Puerto Rico: Vieques. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Puerto Rico (Vieques), U.S.A. (Florida), Cuba, Bahamas (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on DesqueyrouxFaúndez & Valentine (2002a), van Soest et al. (2011). K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814) Spongia vaginalis Lamarck, 1814: 436. Callyspongia vaginalis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 56; de Laubenfels, 1953: 523; Hechtel, 1965: 32; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 173; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Johnsson, 2002: 252; Diaz, 2005: 469; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricy et al., 2008: 88. Spinosella vaginalis forma vaginalis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 101. Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis, van Soest, 1980: 56; Zea, 1987: 103. Spinosella vaginalis, Lehnert, 1993: 45. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, DesqueyrouxFaúndez & Valentine, 2002a: 843; Campos et al., 2005: 3. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN unregistered (Lamarck collection; cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977). TYPE LOCALITY: “American Seas”. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos (California Reefs; Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Maranhão State: Off Turiaçu (00º20’38”S–44º17’38”W, 31 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Bermuda, U.S. Virgin Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Belize, Panama, Colombia, Curaçao, Bonaire, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953; Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert, 1993; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of the record by Hechtel (1976) from Recife was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of specimen YPM IZ 8996. (2) de Laubenfels (1956) reported a Callyspongia, “perhaps fallax, perhaps vaginalis” from Ceará State. We have included this record in the list of unidentified records. 99 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera K Callyspongia (Cladochalina) villosa (Pallas, 1766) Spongia villosa Pallas, 1766: 392. Dactylochalina villosa, Lendenfeld, 1887: 812. Callyspongia villosa, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Indian and Atlantic Oceans (“Mare Indicum et Americanum”; Pallas, 1766). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, South Australia (Pallas, 1766; Lendenfeld, 1887). REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a), van Soest et al. (2011). (2) This species probably is a junior synonym of Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (R.W.M. van Soest, pers. comm., 2011). P Callyspongia (Toxochalina) Ridley, 1884 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002a). Type species: Desmacidon folioides Bowerbank, 1875 (by subsequent designation; Burton, 1934). K Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 Toxochalina robusta sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 234; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Toxochalina robusta Ridley, 1884: 403; Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 335; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 50). Toxochalina ?robusta sensu Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 94; Lerner et al., 2005b: 597; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 74. Callyspongia pseudotoxa, Mothes et al., 2003: 57; Mothes et al., 2006c: 98. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4271. Paratype UFRJPOR 4152b. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (5 m depth, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (30 m depth, Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (4 m depth, 100 Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Bombinhas (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Florianópolis (0.5 m depth; Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Garopaba (4 m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Family Chalinidae Gray, 1867 For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002). TOTAL OF: E Chalinula GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 10 Schmidt, 1868 For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002). Type species: Chalinula renieroides Schmidt, 1868 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Chalinula molitba (de Laubenfels, 1949) Haliclona molitba de Laubenfels, 1949: 9; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 40; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 81; van Soest, 1980: 9; Rützler, 1986: 118; Alcolado, 2002: 67. Reniera carmabi van Soest, 1980: 14. Haliclona pseudomolitba de Weerdt et al., 1991: 197; Rützler et al., 2000: 237. Chalinula molitba, de Weerdt, 2000: 55; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Diaz, 2005: 469; Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. Acervochalina molitba, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Santos et al., 2002b: 395. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1948.8.6.15. TYPE LOCALITY: Bermuda: near Flatts. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: State not informed (from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (North Caroliona, Georgia, Florida), Curaçao, Bonaire, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Belize, U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Guadeloupe, Martinique, Santa Lucia (de Laubenfels, 1949, 1950; Wiedenmayer, 1977; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; de Weerdt, 2000; Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005). East Atlantic: Azores and Canary Islands (de Weerdt, 2000). REMARKS: Santos et al. (2002b) reported this species from Pernambuco State. Although this is very likely, Hechtel (1976) did not state the precise locality of collection (“Recife and vicinities, (…) from Cabo de São Roque to the Rio São Francisco”). Hechtel’s specimen was not found in the YPM collection. Taxonomic List K Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000 Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000: 61; Mothes et al., 2003: 51; Lerner et al., 2005b: 597; Mothes et al., 2006c: 86. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 41829. Paratype ZMAPOR 9420. TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia: Islas del Rosario. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (14 m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Porto Belo (João da Cunha Island, 6.5 m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Jamaica (de Weerdt, 2000). E Haliclona Grant, 1836 For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002). Type species: Spongia oculata Pallas, 1766 (by original designation). P Haliclona (Haliclona) Grant, 1836 For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002). Type species: Haliclona oculata (Pallas, 1766) (by original designation). K Haliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 1994 Haliclona catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 55. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1053. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt (2002). K Haliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994 Haliclona lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 55. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1479. Paratype MCN 1460. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt (2002). K Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris Mothes & Lerner, TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1482. Paratype MCN 1456. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [original description]; Ilha da Galé, 12 m depth; Lerner, 1996 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt (2002). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: P Haliclona (Halichoclona) de Laubenfels, 1932 For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002). Type species: Halichoclona gellindra de Laubenfels, 1932 (by monotypy). K Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae Campos, Mothes, Eckert & van Soest, 2005 Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae Campos et al., 2005: 5. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 4964. Schizoholotype ZMAPOR 17909. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. P Haliclona (Reniera) Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002). Type species: Reniera aquaeductus Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1932). K Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris Alcolado, 1984 Haliclona manglaris Alcolado, 1984: 4; de Weerdt et al., 1991: 198; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Diaz, 2005: 469; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris, de Weerdt, 2000: 19. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype IdO 403. Paratypes ZIN RAN unregistered. Schizotype USNM 39225. TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba: Punta del Este (Isla de la Juventud). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Belize, U.S.A. (Florida), Colombia, Grenada, Grenadines, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Venezuela (Alcolado, 1984; de Weerdt et al., 1991; de Weerdt, 2000; Rützler et al., 2000, 2009). 1994 Haliclona mammillaris Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 54; Lerner, 1996: 115; Mothes et al., 2003: 55; Mothes et al., 2006c: 95. K Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919) Reniera tubifera George & Wilson, 1919: 145; van Soest, 101 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 1980: 15. Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965: 20; van Soest, 1980: 6; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 160; Zea, 1987: 65. Haliclona tubifera, de Weerdt et al., 1991: 200; Lerner, 1996: 114; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 90; Alcolado, 2002: 67; Dresch et al., 2005: 17. Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera, de Weerdt, 2000: 25. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype USNM 23610 (cf. de Weerdt, 2000). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, 10-13 m depth; Lerner, 1996 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Texas), Jamaica, Bonaire, Cuba, Curaçao, Belize, Bermuda, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Barbuda, Antigua, St. Vincent, Venezuela, Colombia (George & Wilson, 1919; Hechtel, 1965; van Soest, 1980; PulitzerFinali, 1986; Zea, 1987; de Weerdt et al., 1991; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; de Weerdt, 2000; Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: The record of Haliclona tubifera from Bombinhas (Lerner, 1996) was considered as not cospecific with H. tubifera sensu stricto from the Caribbean and NW Atlantic by de Weerdt (2000: 25), who classified it as Halichoclona sp. The subsequent records by Dresch et al. (2005) and Silva et al. (2006) probably belong to the latter species. All Brazilian records of this species should be revised. P Haliclona (Rhizoniera) Griessinger, 1971 For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002). Type species: Reniera rhizophora Vacelet, 1969 (by monotypy). K Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis (van Soest, 1980) Reniera curaçaoensis van Soest, 1980: 12. Haliclona curacaoensis, de Weerdt et al., 1991: 199; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis, de Weerdt, 2000: 55. Haliclona curaçaoensis, Cedro et al., 2007: 236. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3662. Paratype ZMAPOR 3672. TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao: Santa Martha Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao (van Soest, 1980), Belize (de Weerdt et al., 1991), U.S.A. (Florida, South Carolina), Grenadines (de Weerdt, 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). 102 P Haliclona (Soestella) de Weerdt, 2000 For synonyms see de Weerdt (2002). Type species: Reniera mamillata Griessinger, 1971 (by original designation). K Haliclona (Soestella) melana Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 Adocia carbonaria sensu Rocha, 1995: 77 (non Adocia carbonaria sensu Hechtel, 1965; Hechtel, 1969; Hechtel, 1976 [= Neopetrosia carbonaria]). Haliclona melana Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 101; Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 72; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. Haliclona (Soestella) melana, de Weerdt, 2000: 35. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4269. Paratypes UFRJPOR 3618, 3683, 4232, 4382, 4751. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State: Tamandaré (including Ponta dos Carneiros; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Parati (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [original description]; de Weerdt, 2000 [description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: St. Lucia. Family Niphatidae van Soest, 1980 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002b). TOTAL OF: E Amphimedon GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 11 Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002b). Type species: Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation, de Laubenfels, 1936). K Amphimedon caribica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986) Cribrochalina caribica Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 170. Amphimedon caribica, Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 75; Lehnert Taxonomic List & van Soest, 1998: 91; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 161; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Campos et al., 2005: 6. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47709. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: off La Parguera. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off Cururupu (00º51’44”S–44º21’24”W, 31 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off São Luís (01º33.81’S–43º15.87’W, 80 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W, 72 m depth; 00º20’38”S–44º17’38”W, 31 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica (van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 2002). remarks: The coordinates of the collection site off São Luís were deduced from those originally published (01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviously wrong. K Amphimedon complanata (Duchassaing, 1850) Spongia complanata Duchassaing, 1850: 26; Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 37. Spongia fusca Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 38. Spongia manus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 39. Pachychalina variabilis Dendy, 1887: 504; Dendy, 1890: 353. Haliclona variabilis, Randall & Hartman, 1968: 219. Haliclona (Amphimedon) complanata Wiedenmayer, 1977: 86. ?Spongia crassiloba Lamarck, 1814: 374, redescribed as Chalina crassiloba by Topsent, 1930: 21. Amphimedon complanata, van Soest, 1980: 31; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 168; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Rützler et al., 2009: 304. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 113. Schizolectotype BMNH 28.11.12.78. Paralectotype ZMAPOR 2095. TYPE LOCALITY: Netherlands Antilles: St. Martin. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: British Virgin Islands (Tortola), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), U.S. Virgin Islands (Saint Thomas), Saint Martin, Guadeloupe, Bahamas (Dendy, 1887, 1890; Randall & Hartman, 1968; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), New Providence (van Soest, 1980) and Gulf of Mexico (Rützler et al., 2009). REMARKS: van Soest (1980) was reluctant to synonymize A. complanata with Lamarck´s Spongia crassiloba from the Indo-Pacific (New Holland, King Island). We agree that they probably represent distinct species and should be carefully compared. K Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 78; van Soest, 1980: 26; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 168; Zea, 1987: 72; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 68; DesqueyrouxFaúndez & Valentine, 2002b: 876; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 469; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. Haliclona (Amphimedon) compressa, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 82. Amphimedon sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Santos et al., 2002b: 395. Amphimedon aff. compressa, Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2008: 90. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 863 (Fig. 10G, H). Paralectotype Mus.Torino-Por. 35. Schizoparalectotypes BMNH 1928.11.12.42, USNM 31003, MNHN.D.NBE 1956 (van Soest et al., 1983). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1980; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2008) erroneously stated that this species was recorded from Maranhão State. K Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936) Haliclona erina de Laubenfels, 1936: 457; de Laubenfels, 1956: 3; Hechtel, 1965: 19; Hechtel, 1969: 5; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001: 174. Amphimedon erina, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 91; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Diaz, 2005: 469. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22245 (Fig. 11A). TYPE LOCALITY: Panama: Fort Randolph. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São 103 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Ubatuba (Morgado & Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Panama (Atlantic Coast), Jamaica (de Laubenfels, 1936; Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Diaz, 2005), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). REMARKS: This species is very similar to A. viridis and may be a junior synonym of it. K Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 81; van Soest, 1980: 29; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 167; Zea, 1987: 76; Muricy, 1989: 351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rocha, 1995: 77; Berlinck et al., 1996: 156; Chehade et al., 1997: 730; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 85; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Santos et al., 2002b: 395; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Berlinck et al., 2004: 513; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 469; Pinheiro et al., 2005: 272; Batista et al., 2006: 142; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 76; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1; Menezes et al., 2010: 467. Haliclona viridis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 47; de Laubenfels, 1953: 519. Haliclona (Amphimedon) viridis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 84. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 40. Schizolectotypes USNM 31007, MNHN.D.NBE 1060, BMNH 1928.11.12.35-36. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Marechal Deodoro (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Bahia State: Salvador (including Itaparica Island; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ceará State: Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (2 m depth; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (1 m depth; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy 104 & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Santa Cruz (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (1-5 m depth; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Salgado et al., 2007 [genetics]). Arraial do Cabo (3-5 m depth; Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Batista et al., 2006 [chemical ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Parati (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]). Trindade (2 m depth; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Praia do Sono, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (3 m depth, Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Berlinck et al., 1996 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Chehade et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; 0-10 m depth, Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology]; Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). Ubatuba (Pinheiro et al., 2005 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Bermuda, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina), U.S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1950a, 1953; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005). E Gelliodes Ridley, 1884 Type species: Axos fibulata Carter, 1881a (by monotypy). K Gelliodes ramosa Kieschnick, 1900 Gelloides ramosa Kieschnick, 1900: 565 (misspelling). Gelliodes ramosa, Hechtel, 1976: 253. Niphates erecta sensu Santos et al., 2002b: 395 (non Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864). TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia: Ambon (“Amboine”). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (7-30 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Taxonomic List Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Indonesia (Kieschnick, 1900). REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the labels of specimens YPM 8964, 8978, 8987, 8995 and 9018. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: E Niphates Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002b). Type species: Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation; Wiedenmayer, 1977). K Niphates alba van Soest, 1980 Niphates alba van Soest, 1980: 40; Zea, 1987: 908; Alcolado, 2002: 67; Mothes et al., 2006a : 670. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3942 (Fig. 11B). TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá (03°16’00”N–49°15’05”W, 73 m depth; Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Puerto Rico, Colombia (Zea, 1987), Bonaire (van Soest, 1980), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). K Niphates amorpha Wiedenmayer, 1977 Niphates digitalis forma amorpha Wiedenmayer, 1977: 99. Niphates amorpha, van Soest, 1980: 39; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 163; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Alcolado, 2002: 67; Santos et al., 2002b: 395. TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 30183-30185, 30331. TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Bimini. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Dominican Republic, Saba, Puerto Rico, Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986). K Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 93; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 96; van Soest, 1980: 35; PulitzerFinali, 1986: 161; Zea, 1987: 81; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1217; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 237; Alcolado, 2002: 67; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002b: 887; Campos et al., 2005: 8; Diaz, 2005: 469; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Mothes et al., 2006a: 669; Cedro et al., 2007: 236; Muricy et al., 2008: 92; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087 [non Niphates erecta sensu Santos et al., 2002b: 395 (= Gelliodes ramosa)]. Niphates sp. sensu Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Moraes et al., 2003: 17 [non Niphates sp. sensu Moraes et al., 2006: 168]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1633. Paralectotype Mus.Torino-Por 51. Schizoparalectotypes USNM 31018, MNHN.D.NBE 1307. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene (03°54’00”N–49°45’00”W, 95 m depth, Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). Off the Mouth of Amazon River (02°34’02”N–47°54’05”W, 95 m depth, Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Maranhão State: Off São Luís (00°35’12”S–43°20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W, 72 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, U.S. Virgin Islands, Curaçao, Bonaire, Barbados (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). K Niphates lutea Lehnert & van Soest, 1999 Niphates lutea Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 161; Campos et al., 2005: 9. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 13578. Paratype ZMAPOR 13579. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W, 72 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1999). E Pachychalina Schmidt, 1868 Type species: Pachychalina rustica Schmidt, 1868 (by monotypy). 105 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera K Pachychalina alcaloidifera Pinheiro, Berlinck & Hajdu, 2005 Suborder Petrosina Boury-Esnault & van Beveren, 1982 For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002e). Family Petrosiidae van Soest, 1980 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002c). E Neopetrosia GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6 de Laubenfels, 1949 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002c). Haliclona longleyi de Laubenfels, 1932 (by original designation). Type species: K Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) Spongia carbonaria Lamarck, 1814: 375. Adocia carbonaria, Hechtel, 1965: 26; Hechtel, 1969: 9; Hechtel, 1976: 252 (non Adocia carbonaria sensu Rocha, 1995 [=Haliclona (Soestella) melana]). Pellina carbonaria, van Soest, 1980: 83; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 159. Xestospongia carbonaria, Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 93; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Diaz, 2005: 470. Neopetrosia carbonaria, Rützler et al., 2009: 304. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 545. 106 Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), U.S. Virgin Islands, Curaçao, Puerto Rico, Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Lesser Antilles (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Netherlands Antilles (Arndt, 1927), Gulf of Mexico (Rützler et al., 2009), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). Pacific Ocean (?) (de Laubenfels, 1954; Bergquist, 1965; cf. van Soest, 1980). REMARKS: The precise locality of the collection site in Brazil was not indicated by Hechtel (1976), who stated only “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas States. It was obtained through the label of the specimen YPM 8960. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Pachychalina alcaloidifera Pinheiro et al., 2005: 274; Oliveira et al., 2007: 538. Pachychalina sp., Berlinck et al., 2004: 518; Oliveira et al., 2004: 1685; Oliveira et al., 2006a: 2; Oliveira et al., 2006b: 438. Amphimedon sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 35; Prado et al., 2004: 129. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 552 (Fig. 11C). Paratypes MNRJ 569, 1697, 1755, 1815, 2012, 2024, 3098, 3099. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]). Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Niterói (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Oliveira et al., 2004 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [original description]; Oliveira et al., 2006a, b [chemistry]; Oliveira et al., 2007 [chemistry]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Pinheiro et al., 2005 [original description]). São Sebastião (Pinheiro et al., 2005 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. TOTAL OF: TYPE LOCALITY: American Seas (“Mare Americanum”). K Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Thalysias proxima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 84. Neofibularia proxima, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 255. Xestospongia proxima, van Soest et al., 1983: 198; van Soest, 1984: 143; Zea, 1987: 116; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 132; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 77; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Diaz, 2005: 470. Densa araminta de Laubenfels, 1934: 14. Neopetrosia proxima, Mothes et al., 2006a: 670; Muricy et al., 2008: 97. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 74. Schizolectotypes USNM 31047, MNHN.D.NBE 1342, BMNH 1928.11.12.45. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá (02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m depth; Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). Off Calçoene (04º13’00”N–50º31’00”W, 76 m depth; Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off Cururupu (00°51’44”S–44°21’24”W, 31 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off São Luís (01°33.81’S–43°15.87’W, 80 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00°22’N–44°52’W, 72 m depth; 00°11’13”N–44°46’12”W, 93 m depth; 00º20’38”S– 44º17’38”W, 85 m depth; 00°32’S–43°50’W, 72 m depth; 00°35’12”S–43°20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Tutóia (02°14’49”S–42°00’20”W, 72 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Jamaica, Barbados, Panama, Belize (van Soest et al., 1983; van Soest, 1984; Zea, 1987; van Soest & Stentoft, Taxonomic List 1988; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996; Rützler et al., 2000; Diaz, 2005). remarks: The coordinates of the collection site off São Luís were deduced from those originally published (01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviously wrong. K Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850) Spongia subtriangularis Duchassaing, 1850: 26. Xestospongia subtriangularis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 113; van Soest, 1980: 71; Zea, 1987: 114; Lehnert, 1993: 46; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Diaz, 2005: 470. Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Campos et al., 2005: 15. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype(?) BMNH 1928.11.12.47 (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest et al., 1983). TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (00º35’12”S–43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º22’N–44º52’W, 72 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A (Florida), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), U.S. Virgin Islands, Curaçao, Barbados, Guadeloupe, Tortola, Puerto Rico (Vieques; van Soest, 1980), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977). E Petrosia Vosmaer, 1885 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002c). Type species: Reniera ?dura (Nardo, 1833) (by monotypy). P Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002c). Type species: Reniera ?dura (Nardo, 1833) (by monotypy). K Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi van Soest, 1980 Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980: 75; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 151; Zea, 1987: 119; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert, 1993: 48; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 93; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Alcolado, 2002: 69; Campos et al., 2005: 17; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et al., 2006: 168. Petrosia sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Moraes et al., 2003: 17. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 3670 (Fig. 11D). Paratype ZMAPOR 4441. TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao. Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (01º03’25”S–43º30’36”W, 184 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire (van Soest, 1980, 1981; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on DesqueyrouxFaúndez & Valentine (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: E Xestospongia de Laubenfels, 1932 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002c). Type species: Haliclona diprosopia de Laubenfels, 1930 (by original designation). K Xestospongia grayi (Hechtel, 1983) Prianus sp., Hechtel, 1976: 252. Prianus grayi Hechtel, 1983: 64. Xestospongia grayi, Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 23; Santos et al., 2002b: 396; Moraes et al., 2006: 169. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9008 (Fig. 11E). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; 25 m depth, Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870) Schmidtia muta Schmidt, 1870: 44. Petrosia muta, Topsent, 1920: 8. Xestospongia muta, de Laubenfels, 1953: 519; Alcolado, 1976: 4; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 115; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; van Soest, 1980: 66; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 153; Zea, 1987: 111; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 75; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 92; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 163; Rützler et al., 2000: 238; Campos et al., 2005: 18; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et 107 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera al., 2006: 169; Muricy et al., 2008: 98; Moraes, 2009: 362. Syntypes MCZ-IZ 6449-6551. Schizosyntype BMNH 1870.5.3.152. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off São Luís (00º35’12”S– 43º20’55”W, 94 m depth; 01º03’S–43º31’W, 64 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00º11’13”N–44º46’12”W, 93 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Cuba (Alcolado, 1976), Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), Curaçao (van Soest, 1980), Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998, 1999), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). Cuba, Jamaica, Dominica, Barbados, Puerto Rico (Rützler, 1971; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 2002), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: TYPE SPECIMENS: Family Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002d). TOTAL OF: E Aka GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 8 de Laubenfels, 1936 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002d). Type species: Aka insidiosa Johnson, 1899 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Aka coralliphaga (Rützler, 1971) Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971: 5; Zea, 1987: 94; Schmahl, 1990: 379. Aka coralliphaga, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 93; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 164; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Moraes et al., 2006: 166. Aka coralliophagon, Diaz, 2005: 469 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 24095 (Fig. 11F). TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Discovery Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). 108 E Oceanapia Norman, 1869 For synonyms see Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002d). Type species: Isodictya robusta Bowerbank, 1866 (by monotypy). K Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934) Inflatella bartschi de Laubenfels, 1934: 21; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309. Oceanapia bartschi, van Soest, 1980: 87; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 158; Zea, 1987: 128; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 94; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 164; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Campos et al., 2005: 11; Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy et al., 2008: 93. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype USNM 22391 (Fig. 11G). TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Pará or Amapá): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off Barreirinhas (01°57’01”S–42°23’15”W, 70 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off São Luís (01°03’S–43º31’W, 64 m depth; 01°33.81’S–43°15.87’W, 80 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Off Turiaçu (00°27.03’N–45°34.85’W, 13 m depth; 00°22’N–44°52’W, 72 m depth; 00°20’50”N–45°00’06”W, 82 m depth; 00º11’13”N–44º46’12”W, 93 m depth; Campos et al., 2005 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Cuba, Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999; Alcolado, 2002), Puerto Rico, Panama, Colombia (de Laubenfels, 1934; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The holotype is much smaller and has thinner fistules than most Brazilian specimens. There is considerable morphological variation in descriptions of this species, which may be a complex of cryptic species and should be investigated in more detail. (2) The coordinates of the second collection site off São Luís were deduced from those originally published (01º33’81”S–43º15’87”W), which were obviously wrong. The same happened with the first collection site off Turiaçu (00º27’03”S–45º34’85”W). It is possible that the same mistake was made in all other collection sites in Maranhão State. Taxonomic List K Oceanapia fistulosa (Bowerbank, 1873) Desmacidon fistulosa Bowerbank, 1873: 19. Rhizochalina fistulosa, Ridley, 1884: 420; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 32; Hechtel, 1976: 254. Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 332; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 36; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10 [non Oceanapia robusta (Bowerbank, 1866: 304); cf. van Soest, 1980: 85; de Weerdt, 1985: 75]. Oceanapia atlantica sensu Hechtel, 1976: 254 [non Oceanapia atlantica Lévi, 1969: 967; taxonomic decision present paper]. Oceanapia fistulosa, Burton, 1934: 546; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 9; van Soest, 1980: 85; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 159; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 316; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 94; Alcolado, 2002: 68. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1877.5.21.1165a, 1877.5.21.1353. TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Freemantle (SE Indian Ocean). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1980; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002). W Australia, N Australia, Indian Ocean (Kenya; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993), Azores (cf. Ridley & Dendy, 1887; Burton, 1934), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: (1) The Atlantic records of this species were considered questionable by Burton (1934). (2) Ridley & Dendy (1887) reported that the inside labels of both R. fistulosa and O. robusta (“off Bahia”) were different from the outside labels (“off Bermuda, shallow water”), but also that there could be little doubt on the Brazilian origin of the Challenger record (as O. robusta). (3) The Brazilian specimens of Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887 are deposited in BMNH 1887.5.2.244 (Fig. 11H). (4) The collection site of O. robusta (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). K Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919) Phloeodictyon nodosum George & Wilson, 1919: 152. Pellina nodosa, van Soest, 1980: 80; Zea, 1987: 124. Oceanapia isodictyiformis, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187 (non Phloeodictyon isodictyiformis Carter, 1882b: 122). Oceanapia nodosa, Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 94; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999: 103; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 68; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Diaz, 2005: 469; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 77; Marinho et al., 2010: 268. Holotype USNM 23611. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Beaufort (North Carolina). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Maranhão State: Off Serrano do Maranhão (N.O.A.S. sta. 1749a, 00º03’N–44º32’W, 63 m depth; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Niterói (Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]). São Paulo State: Ihabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Curaçao, Venezuela, U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina), Jamaica, Bermuda, Panama (van Soest, 1980; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005). TYPE SPECIMENS: K Oceanapia nodulosa (Hechtel, 1983) Adocia sp., Hechtel, 1976: 252. Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983: 65. Oceanapia nodulosa sensu Santos et al., 2002b: 396 (non Oceanapia nodulosa (Topsent, 1928) [senior homonym]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 5705 (Fig. 12A). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870) Rhizochalina oleracea Schmidt, 1870: 35; Hechtel, 1976: 253. Oceanapia oleracea, Wilson, 1902: 395; van Soest, 1993: 212; Diaz, 2005: 469. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-026 (fragments; 109 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Antilles. Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (18 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Antilles (Schmidt, 1870), Panama (Diaz, 2005), U.S. Virgin Islands (Wilson, 1902). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the labels of specimens YPM 8951 and 8981. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K Family Metaniidae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986 For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). TOTAL OF: E Acalle GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 14 Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Spongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863 (by original designation). Oceanapia peltata (Schmidt, 1870) Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870: 42; Wilson, 1902: 390; Alcolado, 1976: 4. Oceanapia peltata, van Soest, 1993: 212; Alcolado, 2002: 69; Diaz, 2005: 469; Muricy et al., 2008: 96. TYPE SPECIMENS: Not designated. Specimen identified by Schmidt, from the type locality: BMNH 1870.5.3.122 (fragments; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida (French Reef). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; Schmidt, 1870), Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Panama (Alcolado, 1976, 2002; Diaz, 2005), Puerto Rico (Wilson, 1902), Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993). K SUBORDER SPONGILLINA MANCONI & PRONZATO, 2002 (Freshwater sponges) Oceanapia putridosa (Lamarck, 1815) Rhizochalina putridosa Lamarck, 1815: 168; Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 332; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 33; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10; Hechtel, 1976: 254. Oceanapia putridosa, Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994: 337. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 650. TYPE LOCALITY: W Australia: King George Sound, Albany. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994). REMARKS: (1) This Australian species was recorded from Brazil based on a few fragments of fistules, assigned to this species with a question mark by Ridley & Dendy (1887). It is unlikely that this identification was correct; furthermore, the Brazilian specimens are effectively unrecognizable, since the sponge body was not collected. (2) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887) record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). 110 K Acalle recurvata (Bowerbank, 1863) Spongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863: 456. Acalle recurvata, Gray, 1867a: 552; Penney, 1960: 32; Penney & Racek, 1968: 154; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1972: 304; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 502; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 25; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 990; Batista et al., 2003: 531; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 127; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007: 624; Roque et al., 2010: 133. Tubella recurvata, Carter, 1881b: 98; Potts, 1887: 250; Weltner, 1895: 129; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932: 43; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.3 (fragment). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins, Amazonas River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]). Manaus, Negro River (Manaus harbor, Igarapé do Tarumã-Mirim, Tupé Lake; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 Taxonomic List [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Jacarés Pond; Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Penney & Racek, 1968; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976), Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). REMARKS: In most studies in the XIXth century (e.g., Bowerbank, 1863; Gray, 1867a; Weltner, 1895) and beginning of the XXth century, Parintins was called by its former name, Villa Nova. E Corvomeyenia Weltner, 1913 For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Meyenia everetti Mills, 1884 (by original designation). K Corvomeyenia epilithosa Volkmer-Ribeiro, de RosaBarbosa & Machado, 2005 Corvomeyenia epilithosa Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005: 845. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2844. Paratypes MCN 2784, 2793, 2799, 2802–2807, 2843, 2858, 4572, 4573. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Cambará do Sul, Tigre Preto River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Cambará do Sul, Tigre Preto River (Serra Geral National Park, 29o04’48.77”S–49o59’18.65”W; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Corvomeyenia thumi (Traxler, 1895) Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895: 240 (in part); Gee, 1931a: 51. Corvomeyenia thumi, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 320; Sifeddine et al., 1994: 1647; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 155; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Turcq, 1996: 186; Turcq et al., 1998: 140; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 273; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 5; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1999: 644; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005: 847; Almeida et al., 2009: 127. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Porto Ferreira (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 – see remarks). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso do Sul State: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (VolkmerRibeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Pará State: Marabá (Serra dos Carajás, 6º30’S–49º30’W; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]; Sifeddine et al., 1994 [spicules in sediments]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Turcq, 1996 [spicules in sediments]; Turcq et al., 1998 [spicules in sediments]). Oriximiná (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005 [faunistics]). Roraima State: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2005 [faunistics]), Serrinha Creek (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]). Northeast Region: Eastern Atlantic Basin: Bahia State: Salvador, Parque do Abaeté (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]). EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Ceará State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Januário Cicco, Capão da Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). Nísia Floresta (Seca Pond, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses (da Coceira Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: Basin of São Francisco: Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). PARANÁ BASIN: São Paulo State: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). Porto Ferreira (São Geraldo Farm, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Traxler (1895) described Tubella thumi based on fossil material from spongillites in São Paulo State, but gave no indication of the precise location or where the material was deposited. (2) Volkmer-Ribeiro (1992) redescribed the species (as Corvomeyenia thumi) based on extant and fossil material and proposed Porto Ferreira (São Paulo State) as the type locality. E Drulia Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Spongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Drulia brownii (Bowerbank, 1863) Spongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863: 457. Spongilla batesii Bowerbank, 1863: 459; Gray, 1867a: 552. Spongilla batesi, Austen, 1896: 779; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 248; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332. Drulia brownii, Gray, 1867a: 552; Penney, 1960: 39; Penney & Racek, 1968: 156; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 286; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83; 111 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 16; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1983: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 504; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989: 147; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 590; VolkmerRibeiro & Tavares, 1995: 188; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 21; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 994; VolkmerRibeiro, 2002: 25; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Batista et al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158. Drulia browni, Batista et al., 2003: 531; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 128. Drulia batesi, Gray, 1867a: 552; Berroa-Belén, 1966a: 42 (in part); Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; BerroaBelén, 1968: 289 (in part). Drulia batesii, Penney & Racek, 1968: 159; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 286; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85. Parmula brownii, Carter, 1881b: 99; Potts, 1887: 257; Gravier, 1899: 127; Gee, 1931a: 34; Gee, 1932: 35; Schröder, 1932: 161; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7. Parmula browni, Weltner, 1895: 129; Arndt, 1930: 48. Parmula batesi, Weltner, 1895: 129; Cordero, 1923: 134; Cordero, 1924: 119; de Laubenfels, 1936: 37; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 248. Parmula batesii, Carter, 1881b: 99; Potts, 1887: 257; Gee, 1931a: 33; Gee, 1932: 35; Penney, 1960: 54; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6. Parmula brownii var. tuberculata Potts, 1887: 258; Gee, 1932: 35. Parmula rusbyi Potts, 1887: 259; Weltner, 1895: 129. Parmula brownii var. rusbyi, Gee, 1931a: 48; Gee, 1932: 35. Parmula geayi Gravier, 1899: 126; Gee, 1931a: 39; Gee, 1932: 35; Penney, 1960: 55. Spongilla franciscana Lutz & Machado, 1915: 49; Gee, 1931a: 38; Gee, 1932: 38; Penney, 1960: 18; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6. Drulia brownii var. rusbyi, Penney, 1960: 40. Drulia brownii var. tuberculata, Penney, 1960: 40. Drulia rusbyi, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85. Drulia geayi, Penney & Racek, 1968: 157; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.8 (by monotypy; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Manaus, Solimões River (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed, Xingú 112 River (Garapu Creek; Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Barra do Garças, Liberdade and Bento Gomes rivers (Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Varal Pond; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]). Locality not informed, Branco River (Arndt, 1930 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). Locality not informed, Negro River (Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Arndt, 1930 [description]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Localities not informed, Cuieiras River (Igarapé Amataura), Solimões River, Tarumã-Mirim River, Preto da Eva River, Uatumã River, Juruá River, Tefé-Ega River (Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Eirunepé, Juruá River (Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Manaus, Solimões River (Igapós of Marchantaria Island; Austen, 1896 [faunistics]; Gravier, 1899 [faunistics]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]). Manaus, Negro River (Arndt, 1930 [description]; Tupé Lake, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Pará State: Locality not informed, Tapajós River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Maués, Maués-Açú River (Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). Óbidos, Lago Grande (Santa Fé; Arndt, 1930 [description]). Santarém, Arapiuns River (Gurupi Bridge, Mentai Creek; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). Rondônia State: Locality not informed, Guaporé River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins Taxonomic List State: Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Locality not informed, Grande River (Lutz & Machado, 1915 [description]; Cordero, 1924 [description]; Gee, 1932 [checklist – but see remarks]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989 [faunistics]). Locality not informed, Carinhanha River (Lutz & Machado, 1915 [description – see remarks]; Cordero, 1924 [description]; Gee, 1932 [checklist – but see remarks]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989 [faunistics]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Locality not informed, Paraná River (Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed (Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro, 2002 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). São Vicente do Sul, rivers Ibicuí and Toropí (Pond in Santa Fé Farm, 29º48’30”S–54º36’30”W; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1983 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Cordero, 1923, 1924; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1968a; Mothes de Moraes, 1983; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995, 2004), Bolivia (Weltner, 1895; Potts, 1887; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney, 1960), Guyana (Carter, 1881b; Potts, 1887; Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005), Venezuela (Gravier, 1899; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968; Mothes de Moraes, 1983; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The syntypes of Spongilla batesi are deposited at ZMB-Por 7979 (Carsten Lüter, pers. comm., 2011). (2) Gee (1932) reported Spongilla franciscana from São Francisco River, but it was actually collected in two of its tributaries (cf. Lutz & Machado, 1915). (3) The original type locality was “Amazon River”, but it was corrected to Manaus in Solimões River by Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares (1995). (4) Lutz & Machado (1915), in the legend of their plate 9, reported Spongilla franciscana from “Muquem, Rio Carinhanha”, but Muquém do São Francisco is located in São Francisco River, not in Carinhanha River. We consider this record as being from Carinhanha River, since Muquém was not cited in their text. K Drulia conifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973 Drulia conifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a: 20; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 24; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 194; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 24; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346. TYPE SPECIMENS: MNHN unregistered (cf. Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995). TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Puerto Ordaz, Orinoco River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Casiquiaré River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]). Pará State: Oriximiná, Trombetas River (VolkmerRibeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]). Santarém, Tapajós River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [faunistics]; Tucuruí H.P.S. Reservoir, VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Mothes de Moraes, 1983; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). REMARKS: The original type locality was “Orinoco River”, but it was restricted to Puerto Ordaz in Orinoco River by Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares (1995). K Drulia cristata (Weltner, 1895) Parmula cristata Weltner, 1895: 143; Gee, 1931a: 36; Gee, 1932: 35; Penney, 1960: 55; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7. Drulia cristata, Penney & Racek, 1968: 158; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 87; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 22; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 504; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 189; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 22; Batista et al., 2003: 532; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2008a: 170. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 2117. Schizoholotypes MCN 0550 (slides), USNM 150/369 (slide). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pará State: Santarém, Tapajós River (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; see remarks). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Tapajós River (Weltner, 1895 [original description]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). 113 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Pará State: Santarém, Tapajós River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). Rondônia State: Porto Velho, Jamari River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Marabá, Itacaiúnas River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Sergipe State: Canindé do São Francisco, São Francisco River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). REMARKS: The type locality, originally defined simply as “Tapajós River”, was restricted to Santarém in Tapajós River by Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares (1995). K Drulia ctenosclera Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1981 Drulia ctenosclera Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1981: 117; Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 26; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 194; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006: 900; Batista et al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; VasconcelosSantos et al., 2010: 118. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 91. Paratypes MCN 82, 179. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Negro River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Negro River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Mothes de Moraes, 1981 [original description]; Mothes de Moraes, 1983 [description]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel do Araguaia, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Pará State: Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Nazaré dos Patos, VolkmerRibeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006 [pathology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]; Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010 [pathology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968 Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 211; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 51; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365; Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b: 114 181 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995: 190; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 22; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 132; Batista et al., 2003: 532; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 128; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006: 900; Batista et al., 2007: 626; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Fusari et al., 2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009: 345; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010: 118; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346. Drulia brownii sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1983: 16 [in part; non Drulia brownii (Bowerbank, 1863)]. Drulia uruguaiensis, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 178 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Província de Entre Rios, Federación, Uruguay River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Cristalino River, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River (Manso H.P.S.; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: Corumbaíba, Corumbá River (Corumbá H.P.S.; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso do Sul State: Três Lagoas, Paraná River (Jupiá Reservoir, Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Manaus, Negro River (Manaus harbour, Tupé Lake; VolkmerRibeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Novo Airão, Prato Lake (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 ([description]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (VolkmerRibeiro & Tavares, 1995 ([description]). Pará State: Santarém, Tapajós River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). Rondônia State: Porto Velho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995 [description]). Roraima State: Amajari, Ereu River (Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Bonfim, da Arraia Creek (Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009 [ecology]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2006 [pathology]; Volkmer- Taxonomic List Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]; Vasconcelos-Santos et al., 2010 [pathology]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Cachoeira Dourada, Paranaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). São Paulo State: Itapura, Tietê River (Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná and Uruguay basins; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995), Suriname, Venezuela (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1995; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). E Houssayella Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966 For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966. Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 2008b [conservation]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). São Francisco de Assis, Itú River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1971 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 2008b [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966, 1967b, 1968a, 1969; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2004). E Metania K Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966 Houssayella iguazuensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966: 130; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 366; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1971: 54; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 86; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de RosaBarbosa, 1984: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 590; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 996; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2004: 201; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b: 244. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Iguazú Falls, Salto San Martin (Provincia de Misiones). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (VolkmerRibeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed, Caí River (Bom Jardim Stream; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]). Aratiba, Uruguai River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008b [conservation]). Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863. K Metania fittkaui Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 Metania fittkaui Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979: 640; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494; VolkmerRibeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 61, deposited at MNRJ 05 (Fig. 12B). Paratypes MCN 47, 53, 59, 60, 62, 78, 362, BMNH 1978.12.12.10. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Aduja Creek, Itú River (tributary of Negro River). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Itú River (Aduja Creek, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Locality not informed, Branquinho River (Cachoeira Creek; branch of Cuieiras River; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 [original description]). Rondônia State: Porto Velho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Volkmer-Ribeiro (1979) recorded this species from “Branquinho River (branch of Cuieiras River), Pará State”, but rivers Cuieiras and Branquinho are located in Amazonas State. K Metania kiliani Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992 Metania kiliani Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992: 10; Volkmer- 115 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; VolkmerRibeiro, 2008b: 249. Metania spinata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984: 544 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494 (in part) [non Metania spinata (Carter, 1881b)]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 71, deposited in MNRJ (lost). Paratype MCN 228. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Cuieras River (Cachoeira Creek). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Localities not informed, Amazonas River, Cuieras River (Cachoeira Creek), Branquinho River, Negro River (Tarumazinho; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008b [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Metania reticulata (Bowerbank, 1863) Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863: 455. Metania reticulata, Gray, 1867a: 551; Penney, 1960: 46; Penney & Racek, 1968: 148; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 41; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 258; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984: 542; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 24; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 988; Batista et al., 2003: 532; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007: 626; Roque et al., 2010: 133. Tubella reticulata, Carter, 1881b: 97; Potts, 1887: 249; Weltner, 1895: 129; Austen, 1896: 779; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932: 43; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5. Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a: 132; Machado, 1947b: 2 (in part). Tubella mello-leitaoi, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5 (in part). Metania sp., Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 288. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH BK-1435 (Bowerbank collection). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins, Amazonas River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCAN­ TINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). mato grosso State: Locality not informed, Tapirapés River (Machado, 1947a,b [description]). Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Localities not informed, Branquinho River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 116 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]), Cuieras River, Garapú River, Itapirapés River, Itú River, Negro River (Austen, 1896 [description]), Tupana River (VolkmerRibeiro, 1984 [description]). Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1974 [ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Eirunepé, Juruá River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Manaus, Negro River (including Tupé Lake and Igapó do TarumãMirim; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]). Pará State: Santarém, Arapiuns River (Gurupi Bridge; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). Santarém, Maró River (Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Tocantins State: Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Lagoa da Confusão (Urubu River, Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [description]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984, 1986; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The original description of Tubella mello-leitaoi was actually based on an association of Trochospongilla pennsylvanica and Metania reticulata (cf. VolkmerRibeiro & Maciel, 1983). (2) The city of Parintins was called “Villa Nova” by Bowerbank (1863) and most other earlier authors. Taxonomic List K Metania spinata (Carter, 1881) Tubella spinata Carter, 1881b: 96; Potts, 1887: 249; Traxler, 1895: 240 (in part); Weltner, 1895: 129; Gee, 1931a: 49; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 59; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5. Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895: 240 (in part); Gee, 1932: 44 (non Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) [= Corvomeyenia thumi]). Metania spinata, Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b: 175; de RosaBarbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; VolkmerRibeiro, 1984: 544 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 494 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 322; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992: 8; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149; Melão & Rocha, 1996a: 61; Melão & Rocha, 1996b: 68; Melão & Rocha, 1997: 2; Melão & Rocha, 1998: 2098; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Melão & Rocha, 1999: 6; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 5; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3238; Gorni & Alves, 2008: 262; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009: 127; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 117; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1890.1.9.101 (specimen lost; slide 45). Paralectotypes BMNH 1890.1.9.99, 1890.1.9.100, 1890.1.9.247 (specimens not found; slides 43, 44, 46; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Campo Novo do Parecís, do Sangue River (Garganta de Jararaca H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: São Simão, Alecrim Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). Mato Grosso do Sul State: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). Taquarussu, Samambaia Lake (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in sediment]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Carter, 1881b [original description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1984 [description]). Localities not informed, Branquinho River, Cuieras River (Cachoeira Creek), Negro River (Tarumazinho; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1984 [description]). Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Presidente Figueiredo, Urubu Stream (km 121 Creek, 01º55’47”S–60º03’00”W; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Pará State: Óbidos, Amazonas River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992 [description]). Roraima State: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island, VolkmerRibeiro, 1992 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]). Normandia, Caracaranã Lake (Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediment]). Northeast Region: WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses (da Coceira Pond, VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Conceição das Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem Noite Pond, Olaria dos Datos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). Santa Vitória (Degredo Pond, VolkmerRibeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). São Paulo State: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895 [spicules in sediment]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). Brotas, Lagoa Dourada Reservoir, Jacaré Reservoir (VolkmerRibeiro, 1992 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Costa, 1992 [description]; Melão & Rocha, 1996a [ecology]; Melão & Rocha, 1996b [faunistics]; Melão & Rocha, 1997 [ecology]; Melão & Rocha, 1998 [ecology]; Melão & Rocha, 1999 [ecology]; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Itirapina, Dourada Pond (Gorni & Alves, 2008 [ecology]). Porto Ferreira (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Suriname (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). K Metania subtilis Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 Metania subtilis Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979: 641; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 127. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 48, deposited at MNRJ 04 (fragments). Paratypes MCN 48 (fragments; cf. VolkmerRibeiro, 1979). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Branquinho River (Tributary of Cueiras River – but see remarks). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Branquinho River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1979 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Manaus, Negro 117 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera River (Manaus harbour, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Volkmer-Ribeiro (1979) recorded this species from “Branquinho River (branch of Cuieiras River), Pará State”, but rivers Cuieiras and Branquinho are located in Amazonas State. Family Potamolepidae Brien, 1967 For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). TOTAL OF: E Oncosclera GENERA: 4 SPECIES: 10 Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970 Spongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b (by original designation). Type species: TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: São Francisco de Paula, Tainhas River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Paraná BASIN: Paraná State: Prudentópolis, dos Patos River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). São Francisco de Paula, Tainhas River (Volkmer, 1963b [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008b [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K K Oncosclera intermedia (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973) Stratospongilla intermedia Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a: 25. Oncosclera intermedia, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; VolkmerRibeiro & Pauls, 2000: 19; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c: 346. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Locality not informed, Orinoco River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Manaus, Negro River (Manaus harbour, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). K Oncosclera jewelli (Volkmer, 1963) Spongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b: 271. Spongilla (Stratospongilla) jewelli, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968: 43. Oncosclera jewelli, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970: 436; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 1008; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 25; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008b: 233; VolkmerRibeiro & Parolin, 2010: 121. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 01 (Fig. 12C). Paratypes MCN 01. Topotype BMNH 1978.12.12.12. 118 Oncosclera navicella (Carter, 1881) Spongilla navicella Carter, 1881b: 87; Potts, 1887: 195; Weltner, 1895: 119; Gee, 1931a: 44; Gee, 1932: 41; Penney, 1960: 25; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962: 212; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 247; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 45; Brien, 1970: 183. Spongilla (Stratospongilla) navicella, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 335; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b: 430; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365. Oncosclera navicella, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970: 437; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1975: 42; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 178; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 590; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 103; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 19; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 132; Pinheiro et al., 2003: 3; Tavares et al., 2003: 177; Batista et al., 2003: 531; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Roque & Trivinho-Strixino, 2005: 237; Tavares et al., 2005: 338; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1009; Marchese et al., 2005: 489; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007: 623; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; VolkmerRibeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Fusari et al., 2009: 62; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 116; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343. Drulia uruguayensis sensu Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b: 181 (in part) (non Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 44). Taxonomic List Oncosclera navicela, Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Fusari et al., 2008: 522 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH unregistered (cf. Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins, Amazonas River (see remarks). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [description]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [description]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [description]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Cáceres, Paraguai River (Marchese et al., 2005 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso do Sul State: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Três Lagoas, Paraná River (near or in Jupiá Reservoir; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Corbi et al., 2005 [ecology]; Roque & TrivinhoStrixino, 2005 [ecology]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Cuieiras River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1970 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Manaus, Negro River (Igapó do Tarumã-Mirim, Tupé Lake; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Parintins, Amazonas River (Carter, 1881b [original description – see remarks]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Pará State: Santarém, Tapajós River (Tavares & VolkmerRibeiro, 1997 [description]). Rondônia State: Porto Velho, Jamari River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Rurópolis, Tambor River (Fusari et al., 2009 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Nazaré dos Patos; VolkmerRibeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]), Taquari River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond, Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Lagoa da Confusão (Urubu River, Jacarés Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Sandolândia, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Sento Sé, São Francisco River (Sem-Sem Lake, Tavares & VolkmerRibeiro, 1997 [description]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Araguari, Paranaíba River (Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). São Paulo State: Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003 [description]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Localities not informed, rivers Piquiri and Ivaí (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). Campina da Lagoa, Piquiri River (Porto Bananeira, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]). Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná River (Iguaçu Falls, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Guaíra, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Iretama, Formoso River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities not informed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; Bom Jardim Stream, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Rio Grande, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1968a,b, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995, 2004; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007), Uruguay (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997), Venezuela (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Central Africa; Brien, 1970). 119 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Carter (1881b) described Spongilla navicella based on material associated to Bowerbank’s specimens of Metania reticulata, which were collected in Parintins (known as Vila Nova at that time; cf. Bowerbank, 1863). REMARKS: K Oncosclera petricola (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967) Spongilla (Stratospongilla) petricola Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 344; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 53. Spongilla petricola, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85. Oncosclera petricola, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 133; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Batista & VolkmerRibeiro, 2002: 132; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia de Misiones, Uruguay River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Candelária, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: São Francisco de Assis, Itú River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004). K Oncosclera schubarti (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967) Spongilla (Euspongilla) schubarti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 339; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b: 430; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 353; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 52. Spongilla schubarti, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76. Oncosclera schubarti, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; de Rosa- 120 Barbosa, 1984: 134; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 125; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia de Misiones, Cuñá Pirú Stream. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: Corumbaíba, Libório Stream (Corumbá H.P.S., 17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [description]). Ipameri, Santo Antônio Stream (Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [description]). North Region: ARAguaia-tocantins BASIN: Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1968b, 1969, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007). K Oncosclera spinifera (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973) Stratospongilla spinifera Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a: 23. Oncosclera spinifera, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; VolkmerRibeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 19; Batista et al., 2003: 531; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007: 623; VolkmerRibeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Locality not informed, Orinoco River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River and Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a [original Taxonomic List description]). Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake; VolkmerRibeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Balbina H.P.S.; VolkmerRibeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]). Rondônia State: Candeias do Jamari, Jamari River (Samuel H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S. Reservoir, VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão, Araroa Beach; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Tucuruí H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2003 [description]). Sandolândia, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin, Ezcurra de Drago, 2004), Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). E Potamophloios Brien, 1969 Type species: Potamolepis stendelli Jaffé, 1916. K Potamophloios guairensis Volkmer-Ribeiro, Parolin, Oliveira & Menezes, 2010 Potamophloios guairensis Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 342; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 125. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 7860. Paratypes MCN 3533, 3534. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraná State: Guaíra, Paraná River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Guaíra, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c [original description]; VolkmerRibeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Sterrastrolepis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1978 Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978. Type species: K Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978 K Oncosclera tonollii (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968) Spongilla (Stratospongilla) tonollii Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b: 433. Spongilla tonollii, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76. Spongilla (Stratospongilla) tonolli, Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 361. Oncosclera tonollii, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201. Oncosclera tonolli, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1011; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 123. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Salto Grande, Uruguay River (Provincia de Entre Rios). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Campina da Lagoa, Piquiri River (Porto Bananeira, VolkmerRibeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]). Santa Maria do Oeste, Piquiri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Uruguay Basin, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968b; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004). Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1978: 104; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979: 508; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986: 501; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 1011; VolkmerRibeiro & Parolin, 2005: 1007; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2008: 235; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 124. Stratospongilla brasiliensis Ezcurra de Drago, 1978: 105. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype and paratype MNRJ 92. Schizotypes (fragments and slides) MCN unregistered, BMNH 1978.12.12.3, 1978.12.12.4 TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Goiás State: Paraúna, Turvo River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: Paraúna, Turvo River (VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978 [original description]; Ezcurra de Drago, 1978 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2008 [conservation]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Campina da Lagoa, Piquiri River (Porto Bananeira, VolkmerRibeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2008 [conservation]). Carlópolis, Itararé River (VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2005 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 121 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 2008 [conservation]). Santa Maria do Oeste, Piquiri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis and Stratospongilla brasiliensis were described in the same year, but the name Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis has priority because it was published in June (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1978), while Stratospongilla brasiliensis was published in December (Ezcurra de Drago, 1978). E Uruguaya Carter, 1881b Type species: Spongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863. K Uruguaya corallioides (Bowerbank, 1863) Spongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863: 460; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 365. Drulia coralloides, Gray, 1867a: 552 (misspelling). Uruguaya corallioides, Carter, 1881b: 100; Potts, 1887: 268; Hinde, 1888: 6; Weltner, 1895: 130; Cordero, 1923: 134; Cordero, 1924: 114; Cordero, 1928: 260; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 60; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 255; BerroaBelén, 1966b: 39 (in part); Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Berroa-Belén, 1968: 285; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Penney & Racek, 1968: 144; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979: 505; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 17; VolkmerRibeiro & Pauls, 2000: 18; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 1014; Pinheiro et al., 2003: 6; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007: 624; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Fusari et al., 2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c: 247; Roque et al., 2010: 133. Uruguaya coralloides, Gee, 1931a: 36 (misspelling). Uruguaya macandrewi Hinde, 1888: 4 (in part); Weltner, 1895: 130 (in part); Gee, 1932: 44 (in part); Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 256 (in part); Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332 (in part); Berroa-Belén, 1968: 287 (in part); Penney & Racek, 1968: 145 (in part); Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 83 (in part). Uruguaya macandrewsi, Gee, 1931a: 42 (in part); Penney, 1960: 60 (in part). Uruguayella macandrewi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 356 (in part). Uruguayella repens, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 356 (in part); Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201. Stratospongilla corallioides, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a: 26. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1931.4.23.4. 122 Uruguay: Salto Grande, Uruguay River. (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel do Araguaia, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso do Sul State: Três Lagoas, Paraná River (Jupiá; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: State not informed (Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]). Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Cordero, 1928 [faunistics]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 2008c [conservation]). Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]; VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]). Roraima State: Amajari, Ereu River (Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Bonfim, da Arraia Creek (Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: São Paulo State: Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003 [description]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]; VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Viamão (Negra Pond, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Aratiba, Uruguay River (Itá H.P.S.; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]). São Francisco de Assis, Itú River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969 [description]). Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description – see remarks]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [faunistics]; Cordero, 1923 [faunistics]; Cordero, 1924 [description]; Cordero, 1928 [faunistics]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008c [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Cordero, 1928; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b, 1968a, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979, 2008c), Paraguay, Uruguay (Bowerbank, 1863; Carter, 1881b; Potts, 1887; Hinde, 1888; Weltner, 1895; Cordero, 1924, 1928; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1979, 2008c; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Manconi TYPE LOCALITY: BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed Taxonomic List & Pronzato, 2002), Venezuela (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973a; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002, 2005; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 2008c). REMARKS: (1) According to Cordero (1924), Bowerbank (1863) misspelled Uruguay River as “Winguay River” and erroneously illustrated Salto Grande in Itapurá River, a tributary of Amazonas River. This mistake was followed by several authors such as Potts (1887), Weltner (1895), and Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian (1976). (2) MelloLeitão et al. (1961) erroneously reported this species from Paraná River, although quoting Cordero (1928), who recorded it from Amazonas and Uruguay rivers. (3) The original description of Uruguaya macandrewi was based on an epibiosis of U. corallioides over Trochospongilla repens (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979). 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981, 2008a; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004). REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description, no specimens from the type series have been deposited at either the INALI or the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurra de Drago and Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011). E Corvoheteromeyenia Ezcurra de Drago, 1979b For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Corvomeyenia australis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966 (by monotypy). K Corvoheteromeyenia australis (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966) Family Spongillidae Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 14 E Anheteromeyenia SPECIES: 28 Schröder, 1927 For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Spongilla argyrosperma Potts, 1880 (by subsequent designation; Penney & Racek, 1968). K Anheteromeyenia ornata (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970) Radiospongilla ornata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 39; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 122. Anheteromeyenia ornata, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996: 34; VolkmerRibeiro, 2002: 25; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; VolkmerRibeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a: 236. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Misiones Province, Paranay Guazú creek. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Antônia Creek; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). Candiota, Candiota stream (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2008a [conservation]). Santana da Boa Vista, Moinho Stream (de Rosa-Barbosa, Corvomeyenia australis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966: 137; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a: 237; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 81; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89. Corvoheteromeyenia australis Ezcurra de Drago, 1979b: 110; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 931; Tavares et al., 2003: 177; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 2008: 238. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Laguna de Guadalupe (Paraná Basin). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (VolkmerRibeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Mostardas (dos Gateados pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos Gateados pond, do Casamento Pond; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 2008 [conservation]). Tapes (pond C, das Capivaras pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966; Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a, 1993; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 2008). REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description, no specimens have been deposited at either the INALI 123 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera or the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurra de Drago and Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011). K Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974) Corvomeyenia heterosclera Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a: 233; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 273; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 644; VolkmerRibeiro & Pauls, 2000: 14; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 20; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 158; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008: 239; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009: 338. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHNM 22. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Northeast Region: State not informed. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]). Northeast Region: State not informed (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008 [conservation]). EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Norte State: Januário Cicco, Capão da Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: Barreirinhas (da Pedra Pond, Vassoras Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]). Santo Amaro do Maranhão (Cajueiro Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008 [conservation]). Tutóia (Vidro Pond, Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta do Arpoador Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2008 [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a, 2004), Costa Rica (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009), Curaçao, Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005; VolkmerRibeiro & Machado, 2007, 2008). E Corvospongilla Annandale, 1911 Spongilla loricata Weltner, 1895 (by subsequent designation; Annandale, 1911). Type species: K Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966 Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966: 124 133; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 366; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 52; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de RosaBarbosa, 1988: 111; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 177; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 591; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 129; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Tavares et al., 2003: 177; Pinheiro et al., 2003: 9; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Roque & Trivinho-Strixino, 2005: 237; Batista et al., 2007: 620; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Parolin et al., 2007: 22; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Fusari et al., 2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 115; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343. Corvospongilla böhmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 38; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177 (non Spongilla böhmi Hilgendorf, 1883: 87; Weltner, 1895: 117; non Spongilla böhmii, Potts, 1887: 205; non Corvospongilla bohmii, Gee, 1931a: 34; Penney, 1960: 35; non Corvospongilla böhmii, Gee, 1932: 27; Penney & Racek, 1968: 56). Corvospongilla bohmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 16. Corvospongilla boehmi sensu de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130. Corvospongilla boehmii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype probably lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). Paratype MCN 23, 569 (slides; cf. de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Província de Corrientes, Paso de la Patria, confluence of Paraná and Paraguay rivers (Paraná Basin). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & VolkmerRibeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: Corumbaíba, Corumbá River (Corumbá H.P.S., 17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso do Sul State: Taquarussu, Esperança River (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediment]). Três Lagoas, Taxonomic List Paraná River (near or in Jupiá Reserve; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Corbi et al., 2005 [ecology]; Roque & TrivinhoStrixino, 2005 [ecology]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Pará State: Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Santarém, Tapajós River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Tucuruí H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Araguatins, Taquari River (VolkmerRibeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Sandolândia, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Cachoeira Dourada, Paranaíba River (VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). São Paulo State: Itapura, Tietê River (Pinheiro et al., 2003 [description]; Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Locality not informed, Piquiri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). Guaíra, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). Guaíra (São Francisco Falso River, São Vicente River, Ocoí River; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santa Helena, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities not informed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Belém Novo (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]). Eldorado do Sul, Jacuí River Delta (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de RosaBarbosa, 1988 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Flores Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Porto Alegre, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Viamão, Negra Pond (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraguay, Paraná and Uruguay basins; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966, 1967b, 1969, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995, 2004; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007). REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description, no specimens were deposited at either the INALI or the MACN collections (Inés Ezcurra de Drago and Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011). According to de Rosa-Barbosa (1988: 111), however, slides of at least one paratype are deposited at MCN. K Corvospongilla volkmeri de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 Corvospongilla novae terrae sensu Carvalho, 1969: 126 [non Corvospongilla novae terrae (Potts, 1886)]. Corvospongilla volkmeri de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988: 111; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008a: 241. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 90. Paratypes MCN 83-87. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Paraíba State: Sousa, Redonda Pond. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007 [conservation]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Paraíba State: Sousa, Redonda Pond (Carvalho, 1969 [faunistics]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1988 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 2008a [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Dosilia Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Spongilla plumosa Carter, 1849 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 Meyenia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Traxler, 1895: 240 (non Meyenia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Potts, 1881; non Dosilia plumosa var. palmeri sensu Gee, 1931a). Dosilia palmeri sensu Gee, 1932: 28 (in part – from Brazil only); Penney, 1960: 39 (in part – from Brazil only) [non Meyenia palmeri Potts, 1885; non Dosilia palmeri sensu 125 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Penney & Racek, 1968]. Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 323; VolkmerRibeiro & Motta, 1995: 149; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 274; VolkmerRibeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 646; Candido et al., 2000: 79; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009: 127; Candido et al., 2010: 442; VolkmerRibeiro & Parolin, 2010: 115. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype INPA 12. Paratypes MNRJ unregistered (lost), MCN 1379, 1509, BMNH 1989.9.25.6. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Roraima State: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Gee, 1932 [checklist]). Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: São Simão, Alecrim Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). Mato Grosso do Sul State: Paranaíba, Araré Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). Taquarussu, Samambaia Lake (near Paraná River, Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in sediments]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Roraima State: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]; Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediments]; Candido et al., 2010 [description]). Normandia, Caracaranã Lake (Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediments]; Candido et al., 2010 [description]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Ceará State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediments]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Nísia Floresta, Redonda Pond (Candido et al., 2010 [description]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond, Lagoinha Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Candido et al., 2010 [description]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Conceição das Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Olaria dos Datos Pond; VolkmerRibeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). São Paulo State: Locality not informed (Traxler, 1895 [description]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]). Porto Ferreira (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [original description]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [spicules in sediments]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Ephydatia 126 Lamouroux, 1816 For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Spongia fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequent designation; Annandale, 1911). K Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895 Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895: 140; Gee, 1931a: 38; Gee, 1932: 28; Penney & Racek, 1968: 92; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979: 28; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; Pinheiro et al., 2004a: 1072; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3238; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007a: 450; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2007b: 157; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 164. Meyenia facunda, Penney, 1960: 48. Ephydatia fecunda, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7 (misspelling). Ephydatia fluviatilis sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967a: 469; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88 [non Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759)]. Ephydatia fluviatilis ramsayi sensu Ezcurra de Drago, 1975a: 168. Ephydatia ramsayi forma talaensis, Kilian & WintermannKilian, 1976: 77. Ephydatia ramsayi, Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 118; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 590 [non Ephydatia ramsayi (Haswell, 1882)]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 1773. Schizoholotypes MCN 458 (slide), USNM N.G. Gee collection 54288 (slides; cf. de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Alagoas State: Barra de São Miguel, Niquim River (Pinheiro et al., 2004a [description]). Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; VolkmerRibeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed (Weltner, 1895 [original description]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1979 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Bagé, small pond near road to Fort Santa Tecla (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., Taxonomic List 2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos Gateados pond, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Rio Grande (Jacaré Pond, Flores Pond, Nicola Pond, Sarita Pond, Negreiros Stream, Banhado do Palmito, Taim Ecological Station; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). Santa Vitória do Palmar (pond in Caçapava Farm, Mangueira Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]). São Lourenço do Sul, dos Patos Lagoon (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Tapes (pond C, das Capivaras pond, Redondo pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Viamão (Negra pond, Patos Lagoon; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967a; Ezcurra de Drago, 1975a, 1993, 1995; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007a), Peru (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967a), Cuba (Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). E Eunapius Gray, 1867a Type species: Spongilla carteri Bowerbank, 1863 (by subsequent designation; Annandale, 1911). K Eunapius fragilis (Leidy, 1851) Spongilla fragilis Leidy, 1851: 278; Potts, 1887: 197; Vejdovsky, 1887: 172; Weltner, 1895: 118; Gee, 1931a: 38; Gee, 1931b: 502; Gee, 1932: 37; Rioja, 1940: 175; Penney, 1960: 16; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 246; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332. Spongilla (Eunapius) fragilis, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Ezcurra de Drago, 1972: 116; Ezcurra de Drago, 1974b: 249. Eunapius fragilis, Penney & Racek, 1968: 25; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 39; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 129; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 118; Ezcurra de Drago, 1995: 591; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 129; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al., 2003: 172; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3236; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ANSP-PO unregistered. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania State). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: BASIN NOT INFORMED: São Paulo State: Locality not informed (Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [faunistics]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities not informed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Farroupilha, Lake of Parque Santa Rita (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Osório, Quadros Pond (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1975 [description]). Porto Alegre, Jacuí River Delta (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). São Francisco de Assis, Tainhas River (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan: Italy, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Netherland, Poland, Russia, Canada, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Japan, Congo, Rhodesia, Australia (Vejdovsky, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968; Ezcurra de Drago, 1972); Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A. (Florida, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Utah; Leidy, 1851; Potts, 1887; Gee, 1931a,b, 1932; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005), Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 1995, 2004), Chile (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974b; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976), Mexico (Rioja, 1940). REMARKS: (1) Leidy (1851) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designate here the single original specimen deposited at ANSP as the holotype by monotypy. (2) This is probably a complex of sibling species and should be revised. E Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881 For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Spongilla baileyi Bowerbank, 1863 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Heteromeyenia cristalina Batista, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Melão, 2007 ?Heteromeyenia insignis sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 252 (non Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895: 127). Heteromeyenia stepanowii sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 40; Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a: 51; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 127 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 132; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131; Ezcurra de Drago, 1988: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al., 2003: 174; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2004: 536; Tavares et al., 2005: 338 (non Heteromeyenia stepanowii Dybowsky, 1884; Penney & Racek, 1968; non Heteromeyenia baileyi var. stepanowii, Penney, 1960). Heteromeyenia cristalina Batista et al., 2007: 614; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2008a: 170. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 7056. Paratypes MCN 6073, 7392-7398. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Cristalino River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Brito Lake, Comprido Lake, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Luiz Alves Lake, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Cocalinho, Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Manaus, Solimões River (Mancheteria Island, Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Pará State: Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Roraima State: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Alagoas State: Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Casa Nova, São Francisco River (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: Penalva, Pindarí River (Formoso Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Southeast Region: SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities not informed, Caí River (Bom Jardim Stream, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]), Gravataí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 128 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]), Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Cambará do Sul, Camisas River (Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Canoas, Caí River (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Canoas, Gravataí River (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Montenegro (Pond in Marrecas Farm, Bom Jardim Stream; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Nova Santa Rita, Caí River (Delta do Jacuí State Park; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Porto Alegre, Gravataí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Rio Grande, Guaíba River (Pólvora Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]). Rio Grande, Taim Ecological Station (Jacaré Pond, Nicola Pond; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Soledade, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Triunfo, Caí River (Bom Jardim Stream, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Triunfo, Jacuí River (Pond of Delapieve Farm, Passo Raso Stream; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). Viamão, Negra Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Santa Maria, Ibicuí Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). São Vicente do Sul, rivers Ibicuí Mirim and Toropí (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a; Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a, 1988, 1993, 2004). REMARKS: Only the Brazilian records of Heteromeyenia stepanowii were transferred to H. cristalina; the other South American records of H. stepanowii still need revision (cf. Batista et al., 2007). Taxonomic List K Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895 Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895: 142; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7; Volkmer, 1963a: 275; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 252; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 132; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988: 88; Batista et al., 2007: 618; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c: 242. Heteromeyenia baileyi var. insignis, Gee, 1931a: 40; Gee, 1932: 33; Penney, 1960: 42. Heteromeyenia baileyi, Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a: 49 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Ezcurra de Drago, 1988: 145; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 122; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201 (non Spongilla baileyi Bowerbank, 1863: 451; non Heteromeyenia baileyi sensu Gee, 1932: 32; Penney, 1960: 41; Penney & Racek, 1968: 106). TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Blumenau. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (VolkmerRibeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Cambará do Sul, Camisas River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). Itati, Corneta Stream (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). Porto Alegre, Fundação Zoo-Botânica Lake (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Rio Grande, Nicola Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]), Pond in Caçapava Farm (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Santa Vitória do Palmar, Pond in Caçapava Farm (VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1988 [faunistics]). São Francisco de Paula, Dom Pedro Stream (Volkmer, 1963a [description]; Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a [description]; Ezcurra de Drago, 1988 [description]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). São Francisco de Paula, Stream at Hampel Dam; Prof. Glich Stream; Corneta Stream (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Torres, pond between dunes (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). Triunfo, Bom Jardim Stream (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Triunfo, Caí River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Santa Catarina State: Blumenau (Weltner, 1895 [original description]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). URUGUAY BASIN: Santa Catarina State: Urubici, Pessegueiro River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics – see remarks]; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2008c [conservation]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a, 1988, 1993, 2004; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981), Uruguay (Batista et al., 2007). REMARKS: Batista et al. (2007) reported the species from “Pessegueiro” in Pessegueiro River, Santa Catarina State, but there is no municipality with such name in the state. The collection site was reported by Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. (2008c), in the same river, as “Urubici”, which is a valid city name. E Heterorotula Penney & Racek, 1968 Type species: Spongilla capewelli Bowerbank, 1863 (by original designation). K Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 151; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 273; Parolin et al., 2007: 20; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009: 127. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2993. Paratypes MCN 2931, 2932, 2936, 2937, 2959. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Minas Gerais State: Conceição das Alagoas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso do Sul State: Taquarussu, Esperança River (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediment]; Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in sediment]). Northeast Region: EaSTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Ceará State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Januário Cicco, Capão da Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Conceição das Alagoas (Sem Noite Pond, Olaria dos Datos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [original description – spicules in sediment]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: This species has been found exclusively in spongillites (sediments composed mainly of siliceous sponge spicules). E Pottsiela Volkmer-Ribeiro, Machado, Oliveira & Soares, 2010 Type species: Spongilla spoliata Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983. K Pottsiela pesae Volkmer-Ribeiro, Machado, Oliveira & Soares, 2010 Spongilla spoliata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187 (in part); Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 97 (in part); 129 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Batista et al., 2007: 610; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c: 346 (non Spongilla spoliata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187 (in part); Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237 [=Pottsiela spoliata]). Pottsiela pesae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b: 55. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2923. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pará State: Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, CrixásAçu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Crixás Açu River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Manaus, Negro River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Balbina H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]; Tavares & VolkmerRibeiro, 1997 [description]). Pará State: Altamira, Iriri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). Santarém, Curuá-Una River (CuruáUna H.P.S. Reservoir; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão, Arariá Beach; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). Rondônia State: Porto Velho, Jamari River (Tavares & VolkmerRibeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). Porto Velho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). Roraima State: Boa Vista, Cauamé River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). Bonfim, Arraia Creek (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). Caracaraí, Bem Querer Waterfall (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). Caroebe, Jatapu H.P.S. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [original description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b). REMARKS: The original description of Spongilla spoliata included parts of both Pottsiela spoliata and Pottsiela pesae (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b). 130 K Pottsiela spoliata (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983) Spongilla spoliata Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187 (in part); Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997: 97 (in part); Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237 (non Spongilla spoliata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Batista et al., 2007: 610; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c: 346 [= Pottsiela pesae]). Pottsiela spoliata, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b: 50. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 87 (Fig. 12D). Schizoholotype MCN 37. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Cuieiras River (but see remarks). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Localities not informed, rivers Sete de Setembro and Xingú (Tavares & VolkmerRibeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [description]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Cuieiras River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [original description]; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Manaus, Cuieiras River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [description]). Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Pará State: Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S.; Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão; VolkmerRibeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares & VolkmerRibeiro, 1997 [description]). Rondônia State: Porto Velho, Jamari River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Porto Velho, Verde River (VolkmerRibeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]; Tavares & VolkmerRibeiro, 1997 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b [description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Oriximiná, Trombetas River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Tavares & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1997; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The original description of Spongilla spoliata included parts of both Pottsiela spoliata and Pottsiela pesae (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010b). (2) According to Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. (2010b), the type locality is Manaus (2o41’55.8”S–60o19’49.02”W), but we found no indication of this in the original publication. E Racekiela Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998 Acanthodiscus Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 (preocc. by Acanthodiscus Uligh, 1905 [Mollusca]). For further synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Taxonomic List Heteromeyenia ryderi Potts, 1882 (by original designation of Acanthodiscus; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996). Type species: K Penney & Racek, 1968 Spongilla sceptroides Haswell, 1882 (by original designation; Penney & Racek, 1968). Type species: Racekiela cavernicola Volkmer-Ribeiro, Bichuette & Machado, 2010 Racekiela cavernicola Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010a: 55. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 8309. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Irecê, Jacaré River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Irecê, Jacaré River (Brejões Cave at Morro do Chapéu; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010a [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Racekiela cavernicola is so far the only freshwater sponge species found inside caves in the Neotropical Region. K E Radiospongilla Racekiela sheilae (Volkmer-Ribeiro, de Rosa-Barbosa & Tavares, 1988) Anheteromeyenia sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988: 85. Acanthodiscus sheilae, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996: 39. Racekiela sheilae, Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998: 125; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 164; VolkmerRibeiro, 2007: 119; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Amaral et al., 2008: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d: 246. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 89. Paratype MCN 1128. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Tavares, temporary pond. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (VolkmerRibeiro, 2007 [conservation]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Bagé (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). Barra do Ribeiro (flooded field between dunes; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d [conservation]). Mostardas, Capão Comprido (VolkmerRibeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]). Tapes (Butiazais, Charutão Pond, Redondo pond, pond C; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Tavares, temporary pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]; Amaral et al., 2008 [conservation]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008d [conservation]). Viamão (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 Ephydatia crateriformis forma arndti Carvalho, 1942: 272. Meyenia crateriformis forma arndti Penney, 1960: 47. Ephydatia crateriformis sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 7 (non Ephydatia crateriformis Potts, 1882). Ephydatia crateriformis paranensis Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964b: 329; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77. Radiospongilla crateriformis, Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b: 180; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 77; de RosaBarbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1981: 16; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 129; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201 [non Radiospongilla crateriformis (Potts, 1882); Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009]. Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 256; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; VolkmerRibeiro, 1992: 323; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1992: 94; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b: 273; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Tavares et al., 2003: 172; Corbi et al., 2005: 188; Batista et al., 2007: 621; Parolin et al., 2007: 22; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Parolin et al., 2008: 191; Almeida et al., 2009: 127; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 117; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c: 343. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 88 (Fig. 12E). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed, Culuene River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed, Culuene River (“Posto do Jacaré”, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [original description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Brito Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Lagoão; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso do Sul State: Taquarussu, Esperança River (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediment]; Parolin et al., 2008 [spicules in sediment]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: 131 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de RosaBarbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Roraima State: Alto Alegre (Maracá Island; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]). Normandia, Caracaranã Lake (Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediment]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Alagoas State: Maceió, MundaúManguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]). Ceará State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Januário Cicco, Capão da Horta Pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998b [spicules in sediment]). WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses (Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta do Mangue Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Araguari, Paranaíba River (Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Conceição das Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediment]). São Paulo State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). Porto Ferreira (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [spicules in sediment]). São Carlos, Jacaré-Guaçu River (Corbi et al., 2005 [ecology]). São Carlos, São Carlos Ecological Park (Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Preguiça Pond, Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC BASIN: São Paulo State: Iguape, Ribeira do Iguape River (Carvalho, 1942 [description]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Guaíra (rivers Chororó, Ocoí, Passo Cuê, Pinto, São João, São Francisco Falso, São Francisco Verdadeiro, São Vicente; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Santa Helena, Paraná River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Eldorado do Sul (Saco da Ponta do São Roque; Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Montenegro (Pond near BR-386 road; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos 132 Gateados pond, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Saco do Quilombo, Saco do Ferraz (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Quinze de Novembro, Jacuí-Mirim River (Passo Real H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Tapes, Pond C (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]). Triunfo (pond of Delapieve Farm, Copesul Park of Environmental Protection; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1992 [faunistics]). Viamão, Negra Pond; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1981 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin, Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964b; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004), Suriname (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b). REMARKS: In the present work we propose the inclusion of Radiospongilla crateriformis sensu Ezcurra de Drago (1975b) from Suriname in the synonyms of Radiospongilla amazonensis. E Saturnospongilla Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976 Type species: Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976. K Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976 Saturnospongilla carvalhoi Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976: 272; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 14; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002: 960; Batista et al., 2003: 531; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Batista et al., 2007: 621. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 209, deposited in MNRJ 03. Paratypes MCN 101, 107, 204-207, 212-216. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo, 4º45’S–66º45’W, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976 [original description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]; Manconi & Pronzato, 2002 [description]). Eirunepé, Juruá River (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976 [original description]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Caseara, Araguaia River (da Queimada Pond; Batista et Taxonomic List al., 2003 [faunistics]). Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Jacarés Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). E Spongilla Lamarck, 1816 For synonyms see Manconi & Pronzato (2002). Type species: Spongia lacustris Linnaeus, 1759 (by subsequent designation; Annandale, 1911). K (1) The type specimens of Spongilla wagneri are deposited at ANSP 4524 (lectotype) and 4554-4559 (paralectotypes; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987). (2) This is probably a complex of sibling species and should be revised. REMARKS: E Trochospongilla Vejdovsky, 1883 Spongilla erinaceus Lieberkühn, 1856 (by original designation; unavailable name, replaced by Trochospongilla horrida Weltner, 1893). Type species: Spongilla alba Carter, 1849 Spongilla alba Carter, 1849: 83; Carter, 1881b: 88; Potts, 1887: 193; Weltner, 1895: 116; Gee, 1931a: 31; Gee, 1932: 36; Penney, 1960: 12; Penney & Racek, 1968: 16; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 76; Poirrier, 1976: 205; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 13; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3236; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007: 160 (for further synonyms see Penney & Racek, 1968). Spongilla wagneri Potts, 1889: 6; Weltner, 1895: 120; Gee, 1931a: 52; Gee, 1932: 42; Penney, 1960: 31; Penney & Racek, 1968: 20. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1907.8.2.7. TYPE LOCALITY: India: Bombay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Alagoas State: Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Alagoas State: Santana do Ipanema, Ipanema River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). Southeast Region: SOUTHEAST ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]). Campos dos Goytacazes, Feia Lagoon (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). Quissamã, Feia Lagoon (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan: Afghanistan, Australia, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Madagascar, Iran, Phillippines, Thailand, Curaçao, El Salvador, Venezuela, U.S.A. (Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina) (Carter, 1849, 1881b; Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968; Poirrier, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2007). K Trochospongilla amazonica (Weltner, 1895) Uruguaya amazonica Weltner, 1895: 144; Annandale, 1913: 80; Gee, 1931a: 31; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 60; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 6; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82. Uruguayella amazonica, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 356. Trochospongilla amazonica, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1985: 82. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype USNM (N.G. Gee slide collection 150369; cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Weltner, 1895 [original description]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 [classification]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: USNM N. G. Gee slide 150369 was elected lectotype by Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa (1985), because Weltner´s original description missed indication of type specimens. K Trochospongilla anonyma (Carter, 1881) (new combination) Meyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b: 95, Potts, 1887: 228. Ephydatia anonyma, Weltner, 1895: 121. Tubella anonyma, Gee, 1932: 43; Penney, 1960: 58. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Amazonas River (Carter, 1881b [original description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]). 133 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Endemic from Brazil. (1) Genus transfer based on Manconi & Pronzato (2002). (2) The original description was based only on gemmules, without the sponge body (Carter, 1881b). Carter’s description indicates the need of transfer to Trochospongilla due to the presence of minute gemmoscleres and birotulates. However, collection of whole specimens is required for a more natural classification of this species. description, no specimens have been deposited at the MACN, INALI or MLP collections (Alejandro Tablado, Inés Ezcurra de Drago and Cristina Damborenea, pers. comm., 2011). (2) The original description of Trochospongilla delicata included parts of both T. delicata and T. minuta (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: REMARKS: K Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967 Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c: 159 (in part); Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 312; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 289; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; de RosaBarbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; de RosaBarbosa, 1984: 130; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989: 147; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Batista et al., 2007: 620 (non Trochospongilla delicata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 37 [=Trochospongilla paulula]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Setubal Pond. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [description]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Eirunepé, Juruá River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]; Kilian & WintermannKilian, 1976 [checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Tocantins State: Caseara, Araguaia River (Queimada Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Barra, rivers Grande and Paramirim (VolkmerRibeiro & Peixinho, 1989 [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1972; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004). REMARKS: (1) Contrary to the statement in the original 134 K Trochospongilla gregaria (Bowerbank, 1863) Spongilla gregaria Bowerbank, 1863: 452. Metania gregaria, Gray, 1867a: 551. Meyenia gregaria, Carter, 1881b: 91; Potts, 1887: 217; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 6. Trochospongilla gregaria, Weltner, 1895: 121; Gee, 1931a: 39; Gee, 1932: 42; Penney, 1960: 55; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 308; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 16; Batista et al., 2003: 529; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Batista et al., 2007: 618. TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (2 slides, “probably type”; cf. Emma Sherlock, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins, Amazonas River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: Araguaia-TOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás,Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Cocalinho, Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake, Manaus harbour; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description]; Gray, 1867a [checklist]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; MelloLeitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Kilian & WintermannKilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Caseara, Araguaia River (Queimada Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Jacarés Pond, Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Taxonomic List WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Kilian & Wintermann- Kilian, 1976), Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). K Trochospongilla lanzamirandai Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964 Trochospongilla lanzamirandai Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964b: 333; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 311; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 36; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 89; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 180; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Tavares et al., 2003: 175; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Tavares et al., 2005: 338; Batista et al., 2007: 620; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Santa Fe, Laguna Los Espejos and Madrejon Don Felipe. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Lake, Brito Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]), Cristalino River (Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Araguari, Paranaíba River (Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities not informed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Canoas, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Mostardas, dos Gateados pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Palmares do Sul, dos Gateados pond, do Casamento pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). Porto Alegre, Gravataí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Soledade, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Triunfo, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964b; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004). REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description, no type specimen has been deposited at the MACN collection (Alejandro Tablado, pers. comm., 2011). K Trochospongilla minuta (Potts, 1887) Meyenia minuta Potts, 1887: 218. Trochospongilla minuta, Weltner, 1895: 121; Gee, 1931a: 43; Gee, 1932: 43; Penney, 1960: 57; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973: 137; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987: 238; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 16; Tavares et al., 2003: 174; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Tavares et al., 2005: 338; Batista et al., 2007: 620. Trochospongilla horrida sensu Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1965: 95; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 366; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 43; Kilian & WintermannKilian, 1976: 81; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119 (non Trochospongilla horrida Weltner, 1893, 1895; Gee, 1931b, 1932; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968). Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c: 159 (in part). Trochospongilla tenuissima Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 43; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 98; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ANSP slides II-18, II-19. Paralectotypes ANSP-PO 4530 (two specimens). TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia: Locality not informed, small branch of Beni River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River; 135 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Guaíba, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Montenegro, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). São Jerônimo, Caí River (Arroio Bom Jardim; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná Basin; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1965, 1968a, 1970; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973, 1976, 1981; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004), Bolivia (Potts, 1887; Weltner, 1895; Gee, 1931a; Penney, 1960; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976), Venezuela (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The original description of Trochospongilla delicata included parts of both T. delicata and T. minuta (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1973). K Trochospongilla paulula (Bowerbank, 1863) Spongilla paulula Bowerbank, 1863: 453. Metania paulata, Gray, 1867a: 551. Tubella paulula, Carter, 1881b: 96; Potts, 1887: 248; Weltner, 1895: 128; Gee, 1931a: 45; Penney, 1960: 58; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962: 209; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 249; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1970: 55. Trochospongilla paulula, Gee, 1932: 43; Penney & Racek, 1968: 139; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 310; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973b: 13; VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974: 288; Ezcurra de Drago, 136 1975b: 179; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 35; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989: 147; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990: 171; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000: 18; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al., 2003: 174; Batista et al., 2003: 529; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Roque et al., 2004: 292; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004: 536; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005: 3237; Tavares et al., 2005: 338; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Batista et al., 2007: 618; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Pereira et al., 2010: 105; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346. Trochospongilla delicata sensu Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 37 (non Trochospongilla delicata Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c: 159 [= Trochospongilla delicata + T. minuta]; non Trochospongilla delicata sensu VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972: 312; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 130 [= T. delicata]). TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH unregistered (3 slides, “probably type”; Emma Sherlock, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amazonas State: Parintins, Amazonas River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). São Miguel do Araguaia, Araguaia River (Luiz Alves Pond, Brito Lake, Piratinga Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo, Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Eirunepé, Juruá River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1972 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1974 [ecology]). Manaus, Negro River (Igapó do Tarumã-Mirim, Tupé Lake; Roque et al., 2004 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). Parintins, Amazonas River (Bowerbank, 1863 [original description]; Carter, 1881b [description]; Potts, 1887 [description]; Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist]; Penney, 1960 [checklist]; Penney & Racek, 1968 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]). Taxonomic List Pará State: Santarém, Tapajós River (Alter do Chão, Praia Vermelha, Praia do Araroa; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Santana do Araguaia, Araguaia River (da Mata Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Caseara, Araguaia River (Queimada Pond; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Lagoa da Confusão, Urubu River (Jacarés Pond, Pond 2; Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: EASTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Alagoas State: Maceió, Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990 [faunistics]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Bahia State: Barra, rivers Grande and Paramirim (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Peixinho, 1989 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Araguari, Paranaíba River (Emborcação H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). South Region: SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Localities not informed, Caí River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981 [checklist]), Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Petrópolis, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, Caí River (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Porto Alegre, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]; Tavares et al., 2005 [ecology]; Pereira et al., 2010 [ecology]). Quinze de Novembro, Jacuí-Mirim River (Passo Real H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Triunfo, Bom Jardim Stream (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2004 [faunistics]), Pond of Delapieve Farm (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Viamão, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: São Vicente do Sul, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Paraná and Uruguay River basins; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1962, 1964a; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967c, 1970, 1973, 1974; Kilian & WintermannKilian, 1976; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004), Suriname, Venezuela (Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Pauls, 2000; Manconi & Pronzato, 2005). K Trochospongilla pennsylvanica (Potts, 1882) Tubella pennsylvanica Potts, 1882: 14; Potts, 1884: 216; MacKay, 1885: 233; Potts, 1886: 228; Potts, 1887: 251; MacKay, 1889: 87; Kellicott, 1891: 104; Weltner, 1895: 128; Girod, 1899: 112; Annandale, 1908: 248; Annandale, 1909: 102; Smith, 1921: 17; Smith, 1930: 184; Penney, 1931: 240; Jewell, 1939: 20; Wurtz, 1950: 6; Penney, 1960: 58. Tubella pennsylvanica var. minima, Potts, 1887: 252; Penney, 1960: 59. Trochospongilla pennsylvanica, Annandale, 1911: 118; Annandale, 1912: 384; Annandale, 1918: 213; Gee, 1926: 184; Gee, 1931a: 46; Gee, 1932: 43; Old, 1932a: 132; Old, 1932b: 239; Old, 1932c: 442; Old, 1936: 11; Gee, 1937: 285; Eshleman, 1950: 42; Moore, 1951: 63; Moore, 1953: 25; Penney & Racek, 1968: 137; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 257; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987: 236; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993: 187; VolkmerRibeiro & Almeida, 2005: 126; Batista et al., 2007: 620. Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. mackayi, Gee, 1931a: 42. Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. minima, Gee, 1931a: 43; Gee, 1932: 43. Trochospongilla (Tubella) pennsylvanica, Gee, 1931b: 502. Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a: 134 (in part); Machado, 1947b: 2 (in part). Tubella mello-leitaoi, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 5 (in part). TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ANSP-PO 4540 (slide IV-4). Paralectotype ANSP-PO 4564 (slide IV-5). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Lehigh Gap, Lehigh River (Pennsylvania State). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: AMAZON BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed, Sete de Setembro River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [description – see remarks]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed, Tapirapés River (Machado, 1947a,b [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [description]). Cocalinho, Cristalino River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Cuieiras River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 [description]). Manaus, Negro River (Tupé Lake; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Almeida, 2005 [faunistics]). Rondônia State: Porto Velho, Verde River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1993 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Canada (MacKay, 1885, 1889; Potts, 1884, 1886; Smith, 1930; Gee, 1931a; Penney & Racek, 1968), U.S.A. (Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, New Jersey, Delaware, Michigan, Florida, Louisiana, etc.; e.g., Potts, 1882, 1887; Kellicott, 1891; Weltner, 1895; Gee, 1931a, 1932; Old, 1932a,b,c, 1936; Jewell, 1939; Eshleman, 1950; Wurtz, 1950; Moore, 1951, 1953; Penney, 1960; Penney & Racek, 1968), Scotland (Annandale, 1908), India (Annandale, 1909, 1911, 1912). 137 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera (1) The only material of the syntype series of T. pennsylvanica remaining in the Potts collections are two slides from the type locality dated November, 1881. Potts (1887) reported the first specimens he found to be minute and with a poorly developed skeleton. He probably used entirely those specimens in the preparations of the two slides (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Traveset, 1987). (2) The original description of Tubella mello-leitaoi was based on a mixture of spicules from Trochospongilla pennsylvanica and Metania reticulata (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983). (3) The holotype of Tubella mello-leitaoi is deposited at MNRJ 06. (4) Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel (1983) reported this species from “Sete de Setembro River (Xingú Basin), Pará State, Brazil”, but Sete de Setembro River is located in Mato Grosso State (cf. www. ana.gov.br, accessed in August 7, 2011). REMARKS: K Trochospongilla repens (Hinde, 1888) Uruguaya repens Hinde, 1888: 2; Weltner, 1895: 130; Annandale, 1913: 80; Cordero, 1928: 259; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 61; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1964a: 256; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Berroa-Belén, 1968: 287; Penney & Racek, 1968: 146; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969: 120; Kilian & WintermannKilian, 1976: 82. Uruguaya pygmaea Hinde, 1888: 8; Weltner, 1895: 130; Cordero, 1928: 117; Gee, 1931a: 47; Gee, 1932: 44; Penney, 1960: 60; Berroa-Belén, 1968: 289; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82. Uruguaya ringueleti Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1963: 23; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b: 332; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 82. Trochospongilla leidyi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1965: 97; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1968a: 216; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969: 366; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201 (non Trochospongilla leidii Bowerbank, 1863). Trochospongilla leidii, Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976: 85; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88 (non Trochospongilla leidii Bowerbank, 1863). Trochospongilla repens, Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981: 177; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 131; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985: 79; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991: 178; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002: 132; Batista et al., 2003: 530; Batista et al., 2007: 620; Ezcurra de Drago et al., 2007: 256; Parolin et al., 2007: 22; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Fusari et al., 2008: 522; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a: 170; Roque et al., 2010: 133; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 116; 138 Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 343. Uruguayella repens, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 352; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201. Uruguaya macandrewi, Hinde, 1888: 4 (in part). Uruguayella macandrewi, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 356 (in part). Uruguayella pygmaea, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 356; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 119; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201. Uruguayella ringueleti, Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969: 356; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1888.7.2.1 and 1919.10.147 (dry; two fragments of the same specimen), 1920.8.25 (16 slides). TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay: Locality not informed, Uruguay River (but see remarks). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Goiás State: Nova Crixás, Crixás Açu River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]; Roque et al., 2010 [ecology]). PARANÁ BASIN: Goiás State: Corumbaíba, Corumbá River (Corumbá H.P.S., 17º59’S–48º32’W; Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Ipameri (Batista & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). Mato Grosso do Sul State: Taquarussu, Esperança River (near Paraná River, 22º36’S–53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediment]). Três Lagoas, Paraná River (Fusari et al., 2008 [ecology]). PARAGUAY RIVER BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Chapada dos Guimarães, Manso River (Manso H.P.S., 14º52’S–55º48’W; Batista & VolkmerRibeiro, 2002 [faunistics]). North Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Caseara, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2003 [faunistics]). Sandolândia, Araguaia River (Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). Tucuruí, Tocantins River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Hatanaka, 1991 [faunistics]). Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2008a [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Cachoeira Dourada, Paranaíba River (VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). São Paulo State: Itapura, Tietê River (Fusari et al., 2008 [faunistics]). Pontal, Pardo River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1985 [description]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Locality not informed, Piquiri River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). Foz do Iguaçu, Iguaçu River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Guaíra, Paraná Taxonomic List River (Itaipu H.P.S.; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Guaíra, Chororó River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Arroio do Tigre, Jacuí River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1985 [description]). Barra do Ribeiro, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Butiá, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). General Câmara, Jacuí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Porto Alegre, Guaíba River (VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). São Jerônimo, Jacuí River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1985 [description]). Santa Catarina State: Blumenau, Itajaí River (Weltner, 1895 [checklist]; Gee, 1931a [checklist – but see remarks]; Gee, 1932 [checklist]; Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 [checklist]; VolkmerRibeiro, 1981 [checklist]). URUGUAY BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Jaguari, Jaguari River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1985 [description]). Santa Maria, Ibicuí-Mirim River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; VolkmerRibeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). São Francisco de Assis, Itú River (Itaqui; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969 [description]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). Uruguaiana, Uruguai River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay (Hinde, 1888; Weltner, 1895; Cordero, 1928; Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960; Bonetto & Ezcurra, 1963; Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1965, 1968a; Penney & Racek, 1968; Ezcurra de Drago & Bonetto, 1969; Kilian & WintermannKilian, 1976; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Volkmer-Ribeiro & de Rosa-Barbosa, 1985; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004). REMARKS: (1) Gee (1931a) erroneously translated Sta. Catarina (Santa Catarina State) for Station Catarina in Uruguay River (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1969). (2) The designation of “Cachoeira de Santa Cecília, Itú River, São Francisco de Assis, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil” as the type locality of Uruguaya repens by Volkmer-Ribeiro (1969) is not followed here, as it is neither necessary nor acompanied by a neotype designation. As Hinde’s original specimens are still extant, the type locality should remain Uruguay. (3) The original description of Uruguaya macandrewi was based on an epibiosis of U. corallioides over Trochospongilla repens (cf. Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1979). K Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973 Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973b: 15; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975: 37; de RosaBarbosa, 1980: 90; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981: 88; VolkmerRibeiro & Grosser, 1981: 180; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983: 258; de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984: 132; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992: 323; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993: 120; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995: 149; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a: 410; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999: 4; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999: 644; Candido et al., 2000: 80; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002: 31; Tavares et al., 2003: 176; Ezcurra de Drago, 2004: 201; Batista et al., 2007: 620; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007: 138; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b: 158; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c: 150; Almeida et al., 2009: 127; VolkmerRibeiro & Machado, 2009: 336; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010: 117; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c: 346. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lost (Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina: Provincia Misiones, Arroyo Guarapá. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Midwest Region: ARAGUAIATOCANTINS BASIN: Mato Grosso State: Cocalinho, Araguaia River (Comprido Lake, Lagoão; Batista et al., 2007 [faunistics]). PARANÁ BASIN: Mato Grosso do Sul State: Taquarussu, near Paraná River (22º36’S– 53º23’W; Parolin et al., 2007 [spicules in sediments]). North Region: AMAZON BASIN: Amazonas State: Locality not informed, Branquinho River (VolkmerRibeiro & Maciel, 1983 [faunistics]). Locality not informed, Tapajós River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1980 [ecology]). Pará State: Santarém, Curuá-Una River (Curuá-Una H.P.S. Reservoir, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2010c [faunistics]). Roraima State: Alto Alegre, Maracá Island (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [ecology]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a [faunistics]). Normandia, Caracaranã Lake (3º51’N–59º49’W; Candido et al., 2000 [spicules in sediment]). ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Tocantins State: Araguatins, Araguaia River (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Maranhão State: Santo Amaro do Maranhão, Lençóis Maranhenses (do Pico Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Tutóia, Lençóis Maranhenses (Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta do Mangue Pond; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Minas Gerais State: Conceição das Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem Noite Pond, Olaria dos Datos Pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). Santa Vitória, Degredo Pond (VolkmerRibeiro & Motta, 1995 [spicules in sediments]). São 139 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Paulo State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1999 [faunistics]). Porto Ferreira (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 [spicules in sediments]). SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: Minas Gerais State: João Pinheiro (Preguiça and Avião ponds, Almeida et al., 2009 [spongillites]). South Region: PARANÁ BASIN: Paraná State: Locality not informed (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Parolin, 2010 [faunistics]). SOUTH ATLANTIC BASIN: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed, Guaíba River (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro & Grosser, 1981 [ecology]). Locality not informed, Delta do Jacuí State Park (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2002 [faunistics]). Barra do Ribeiro, das Capivaras pond (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]). Canoas, Caí River (de RosaBarbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Nova Santa Rita, Caí River (Tavares et al., 2003 [description]). Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos Gateados pond, do Casamento pond; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Porto Alegre, Pond at Santana hill (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). Rio Grande, Caí River (Pólvora Island, Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 [faunistics]). Tapes (Butiazais; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007b [faunistics]; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2007c [faunistics]). Triunfo, Caí River (de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1973b; Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1981; Ezcurra de Drago, 1993, 2004), Costa Rica (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado, 2009). REMARKS: Contrary to the statement in the original description, no type specimens have been deposited at either the MACN or the INALI collections (Alejandro Tablado and Inés Ezcurra de Drago, pers. comm., 2011). Spongillina incertae sedis TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 E Acanthotylotra Volkmer-Ribeiro, Tavares & Oliveira, 2009 Type species: Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009. K Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro, Tavares & ORDER HOMOSCLEROPHORIDA DENDY, 1905 For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002). REMARKS: There is increasing evidence, especially from molecular studies, that this group may represent a fourth class of Porifera or even a separate phylum (Borchiellini et al., 2004; Dohrmann et al., 2008; Philippe et al., 2009; Sperling et al., 2009; Gazave et al., 2010; Pick et al., 2010). However, we recognize that this catalogue is not the appropriate place for such an important change in higher taxa classification, and therefore we preferred to stick to the traditional classification until a formal proposition for a change of taxonomic rank is put forward in the literature. Family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880 For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002); Gazave et al. (2010). TOTAL OF: E Plakina GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 7 Schulze, 1880 For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002). Type species: Plakina monolopha Schulze, 1880 (by original designation). K Plakina trilopha Schulze, 1880 Plakina trilopha Schulze, 1880: 427; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 267; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Muricy et al., 1998: 182; Santos et al., 2002b: 388; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 204. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNHN.D.NBE 1468 (Muricy et al., 1998). TYPE LOCALITY: NW Mediterranean: France (La Ciotat). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: This is a cosmopolitan complex of sibling species reported from the Mediterranean, NW Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, Antarctica (Muricy et al., 1998) and Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005). REMARKS: The Brazilian record is probably misidentified and needs revision. Oliveira, 2009 Acanthotylotra alvarengai Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 2009: 346. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 2700. Paratypes MCN 3149 (dry), 3146–3148 (slides), 3151, 8112 (on SEM stubs). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pará State: Tucuruí, Tocantins River. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN: Pará State: Tucuruí, Tocantins River (VolkmerRibeiro et al., 2009 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. 140 E Plakinastrella Schulze, 1880 For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002). Type species: Plakinastrella copiosa Schulze, 1880 (by monotypy). K Plakinastrella microspiculifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003 Plakinastrella microspiculifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 392; Taxonomic List Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008: 36. Plakinastrella onkodes sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 17; ?Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 74; Santos et al., 2002b: 388 (non Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929: 60 and all other authors). Plakortis sp. 1, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Moraes et al., 2003: 17. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2938. Paratypes BMNH 2002.6.27.1 (fragment in MNRJ 2125), MNRJ 2135, 2164, 3598, 4749, 4762, UFRJPOR 3893. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (18 m depth, Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [ecology]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (1-6 m depth; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (0.5-50 m depth; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Jamaica? (Lehnert and van Soest, 1998). K Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929 Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929: 60; Zea, 1987: 227; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 473; Mothes et al., 2006a: 673 (non Plakinastrella onkodes sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 17; ?Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 74; Santos et al., 2002b: 388 [= Plakinastrella microspiculifera]). Dercitopsis onkodes, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 66. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 4925 (cf. Mothes et al., 2006a). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: between St. Thomas and St. John. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene (81 m depth, Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, Colombia, Panama, Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Uliczka, 1929; Zea, 1987; Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). K K E Plakortis Schulze, 1880 For synonyms see Muricy & Diaz (2002). Type species: Plakortis simplex Schulze, 1880 (by original designation). Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879) Suberites angulospiculatus Carter, 1879b: 346 (in part; cf. Zea, 1987). Plakortis angulospiculatus, van Soest, 1981: 3; WintermannKilian & Kilian, 1984: 121; Zea, 1987: 222; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Diaz & van Soest, 1994: 103; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Alcolado, 2002: 56; Santos et al., 2002b: 387; Diaz, 2005: 473; Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 386; Epifanio et al., 2005: 1367; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Kossuga et al., 2008: 337; Muricy et al., 2008: 38. Plakortis simplex sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 266; Alcolado, 1976: 7; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 16; Santos et al., 2002b: 387 (non Plakortis simplex Schulze, 1880). Plakortis simplex complex (in part), Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 74. Roosa zyggompha, de Laubenfels, 1936: 178 (non Roosa zyggompha de Laubenfels, 1934: 2, Plakortis zyggompha, Hechtel, 1965: 76; Diaz & van Soest, 1994: 104; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 74. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1850.5.8.35-37 (cf. Diaz & van Soest, 1994). TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Kossuga et al., 2008 [chemistry]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (12 m depth, Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [description]; Epifanio et al., 2005 [chemistry]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (26 m depth, Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [ecology]; Epifanio et al., 2005 [chemistry]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m depth; BouryEsnault, 1973 [description]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Florida (U.S.A.), Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Belize, U.S. Virgin Islands, Bahamas, Bonaire, Panama, Colombia, Bonaire, Curaçao, Venezuela (Carter, 1879b; Alcolado, 1976, 2002; van Soest, 1981; Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Diaz & van Soest, 1994; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Diaz, 2005). Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902) Petrosia halichondrioides Wilson, 1902: 389. Plakortis halichondrioides, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Diaz & van Soest, 1994: 104. Plakortis halichondroides, Diaz, 2005: 473 (misspelling). 141 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Holotype USNM 7663. U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize, Colombia (Diaz & van Soest, 1994), Panama (Diaz, 2005). to the lack of a better classification (but see Gruber, 1993 for an alternative scheme). TYPE SPECIMENS: TYPE LOCALITY: Family Azoricidae Sollas, 1888 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002b). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 E Leiodermatium K Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003 Plakortis spp. 2 and 3, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215. Plakortis sp. 2, Moraes et al., 2003: 17. Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 389; Moraes et al., 2006: 168. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2124. Paratypes BMNH 2002.6.27.2 (fragment in MNRJ 2126), MNRJ 2138, 2162, UFRJPOR 3917, 3924, 4798, 4803, 4774, 4776. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (10-12m depth, Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [ecology]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (0.5-2.0 m depth; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Plakortis microrhabdifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003 Plakortis sp. 3, Moraes et al., 2003: 17. Plakortis microrhabdifera Moraes & Muricy, 2003: 390; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Muricy et al., 2008: 39. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2165 (Fig. 12F). Paratypes BMNH 2002.6.27.3 (fragment in MNRJ 2114), MNRJ 2110, 2940b, 2170. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (2-6 m depth; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes & Muricy, 2003 [original description]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002a). REMARKS: The Lithistida is widely recognized as a polyphyletic group (e.g., Pisera & Lévi, 2002a), but it is still used due 142 Schmidt, 1870 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002b). Type species: Leiodermatium lynceus Schmidt, 1870. K Leiodermatium pfeifferae (Carter, 1876) Azorica pfeifferae Carter, 1876: 466; Topsent, 1904: 63; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 14; Hechtel, 1976: 253. Azorica pfeifferae tenui-laminaris, Sollas, 1888: 319. Leiodermatium pfeifferae, Lendenfeld, 1903: 148; Alcolado, 2002: 59. Leiodermatium (‘Azorica’) pfeifferae, Hooper et al., 2000: 148. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1891.5.4.5 (dry), 1894.11.16.446-8 (3 slides). TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia: Ambon (“Amboine”). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Ambon), China Sea, Bermuda, Portugal, Azores, Cape Verde, Cuba, Madeira (Carter, 1876; Sollas, 1888; Lendenfeld, 1903; Topsent, 1904; Hooper et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: The collection site of Sollas (1888) record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). Family Corallistidae Sollas, 1888 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002c). TOTAL OF: E Corallistes GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2 Schmidt, 1870 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002c). Type species: Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequent designation; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c). K ‘Order’ Lithistida Schmidt, 1870 (polyphyletic) SPECIES: 1 Corallistes bispiraster Mothes & Silva, 1999 Corallistes bispiraster Mothes & Silva, 1999: 126; Mothes et al., 2003: 70; Mothes et al., 2006c: 72. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3374. Paratype ZMAPOR 13417. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31o17’S–49o46’W). Taxonomic List BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31o17’S–49o46’W, 150 m depth; Mothes & Silva, 1999 [original description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870 Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870: 22; Sollas, 1888: 301; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 18; Hechtel, 1976: 256; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 54; Alcolado, 2002: 58; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c: 313; Santos et al., 2002b: 391; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. Coscinospongia typus, Lendenfeld, 1903: 136; Mothes de Moraes, 1978: 74. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MZUS–PO 172, 209. Schizosyntype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 2187 (“slide from the type”; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Japaratinga (09°05’S–034°50’W, 640 m depth; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31º02’S–49º37’W, 150 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1978). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida), Barbados, South Africa (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Pisera & Lévi, 2002c), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: (1) Sollas (1888) cited the location of the collection site as 09°5’, which we interpreted as 09°05’ because he used 50’ in the longitude. (2) The Brazilian specimen described by Sollas (1888) may belong to a different species as it bears larger oscules, 0.5–1 mm in diameter, whereas Caribbean material has oscules only 0.15–0.4 mm in diameter (Pisera & Lévi, 2002c). (3) MelloLeitão et al. (1961) and Santos et al. (2002b) erroneously reported this species from Pernambuco State instead of Alagoas. Family Desmanthidae Topsent, 1894b For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002d). TOTAL OF: E Desmanthus GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Topsent, 1894b For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002d). Type species: Aciculites incrustans Topsent, 1889 (by subsequent designation; Topsent, 1894b). K Desmanthus meandroides van Soest & Hajdu, 2000 Desmanthus meandroides van Soest & Hajdu, 2000: 302; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 50. Desmanthus sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 167. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 341. Paratypes MNRJ 109, 114, 119, 148, 151, 166. Schizoholotype ZMAPOR 13400. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ilhabela (7 m depth; van Soest & Hajdu, 2000 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Family Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld, 1903 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e). TOTAL OF: E Gastrophanella GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3 Schmidt, 1879 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e). Type species: Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879 (by monotypy). K Gastrophanella cavernicola Muricy & Minervino, 2000 Gastrophanella sp., Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; LôboHajdu et al., 1999: 319. Gastrophanella n. sp., Santos et al., 2002b: 391. Gastrophanella cavernicola Muricy & Minervino, 2000: 600; Moraes et al., 2006: 167. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4170. Paratypes UFRJPOR 3909, 4171-4773 (Fig. 12G), USNM 32871, 32875. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Minervino, 2000 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Muricy & Minervino, 2000). K Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879 Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1879: 29; Sollas, 1888: 349; Lendenfeld, 1903: 149; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 68 (in part); Pisera & Lévi, 2002e: 339. Gastrophanella stylifera Mothes & Silva, 1999: 129; Mothes et al., 2003: 69; Mothes et al., 2006c: 70. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 6232. Shizoholotype MNHN.D.T 2191 (slide deposited in MZUS unregistered). TYPE LOCALITY: Between U.S.A. (Florida) and Cuba (cf. Pisera 143 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera & Lévi, 2002e). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31°20’S–48°40’W, 150 m depth; Mothes & Silva, 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A.: Florida (NW off Dry Tortugas, 25o23’N–83o31’W, Schmidt, 1879; Sollas, 1888; Lendenfeld, 1903). Caribbean: between U.S.A. (Florida State) and Cuba; Barbados, Antilles (MacIntyre & Rützler, 1983; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). South Africa, Mexico (Pacific Coast; Pisera & Lévi, 2002e). E Siphonidium Schmidt, 1879 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002e). Type species: Leiodermatium ramosum Schmidt, 1870 (by original designation). K Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880 Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880: 87; Sollas, 1888: 328; Lendenfeld, 1903: 128; de Laubenfels, 1936: 176; de Laubenfels, 1950b: 168; van Soest, 1981: 4; Zea, 1987: 220; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1212; Alcolado, 2002: 58; Diaz, 2005: 471; Moraes et al., 2006: 167 (non Discodermia dissoluta sensu Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 55 [= Discodermia sp. undescribed]; cf. Lehnert & van Soest, 1999). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-202 (DesqueyrouxFaúndez & Stone, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (Schmidt, 1880), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Curaçao (van Soest, 1981), Colombia (Zea, 1987), Panama (Diaz, 2005). Siphonidium ramosum (Schmidt, 1870) Leiodermatium ramosum Schmidt, 1870: 21. Siphonidium ramosum, Schmidt, 1879: 28; Sollas, 1888: 348; Topsent, 1892a: 52; Lendenfeld, 1903: 144; Topsent, 1904b: 63; Vacelet, 1969: 165; van Soest, 1993: 212; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 66; Mothes & Silva, 1999: 131; Pisera & Lévi, 2002e: 342; Mothes et al., 2003: 70; Mothes et al., 2006c: 71. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCZ 6321. Paratypes MCZ 6322, BMNH 1886.12.31.2–3, MZUS PO-162. Schizoparatype MNHN.D.T 780 (fragment of MZUS PO-162) (cf. Pisera & Lévi, 2002e). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31°17’S–49°46’W, 150 m depth; Mothes & Silva, 1999 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida State; Schmidt, 1870), Cuba (Schmidt, 1879), Antilles (Sollas, 1888); Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). Portugal, Azores (Topsent, 1892a, 1904b); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). Mediterranean: Italy, France (Vacelet, 1969; Pisera & Lévi, 2002e). Family Theonellidae Lendenfeld, 1903 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002f). TOTAL OF: E Discodermia GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 du Bocage, 1870 For synonyms see Pisera & Lévi (2002f). Type species: Dactylocalyx polydiscus Bowerbank, 1869b (by subsequent designation; Pisera & Lévi, 2002f). 144 ORDER POECILOSCLERIDA TOPSENT, 1928 For synonyms see Hooper & van Soest (2002d). Suborder LATRUNCULIna KELLY & SAMAAI, 2002  or synonyms see Kelly & Samaai (2002). F Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922 For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002). TOTAL OF: E Latrunculia GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 du Bocage, 1869 For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002). Type species: Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (by monotypy). P Latrunculia (Latrunculia) du Bocage, 1869 For synonyms see Samaai & Kelly (2002). Type species: Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (by monotypy). K Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata Mothes, Campos, Eckert & Lerner, 2008 Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata Mothes et al., 2008: 61. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3695. Paratype MCN 3641. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Off Jaguaruna (29º11.169’S–47º54.167’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Jaguaruna (REVIZEE Sul, R.V. “Antares”, 29º11.169’S– 47º54.167’W, 420 m depth; Mothes et al., 2008 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The coordinates of the type locality were deduced Taxonomic List from those presented by Mothes et al. (2008), viz., 29º11’169”S–47º54’167”W, which are here interpreted as misprinted. Suborder Microcionina HAJDU, VAN SOEST & HOOPER, 1994 Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 For synonyms see Hooper (2002b). TOTAL OF: E Acarnus GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 6 Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Berg (1899b). Type species: Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867a (by monotypy). K Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867 Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867a: 544; Carter, 1871: 273; de Laubenfels, 1936: 93; Alcolado, 1976: 5; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 145; Zea, 1987: 161; van Soest et al., 1991: 53; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Hooper, 2002b: 414; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166. Acarnus carteri Ridley, 1884: 453. Acarnus (Acarnus) innominatus, van Soest, 1984: 61. TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH Bowerbank collection 309. TYPE LOCALITY: West Indies. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Lévi, 1963), “West Indies” (Ridley, 1884; Hooper, 2002b), Colombia (Zea, 1987), U.S.A. (Florida), Curaçao, Cuba (Alcolado, 1976, 2002; van Soest, 1984; van Soest et al., 1991), Dominican Republic (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986). K Acarnus nicoleae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Acarnus souriei sensu Hechtel, 1965: 40; van Soest, 1984: 63; Hofman & Kielman, 1992 (non Acanthacarnus souriei Lévi, 1952 [= Acarnus souriei]). Acarnus nicoleae van Soest et al., 1991: 68; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 85; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Diaz, 2005: 471; Muricy & Hajdu, 2007a: 40; Muricy et al., 2008: 67. Acarnus nicolae, Muricy et al., 2006: 141 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 8768. Paratypes ZMAPOR 8758, 3327, 3677, 8763, 8548, 6460, 3830. TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia: El Morro. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849oS–40.167oW, 75 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state: Off Cabo de São Tomé (60 m depth; Muricy & Hajdu, 2007a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados, Bonaire, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1984; van Soest et al., 1991; Hofman & Kielman, 1992; Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Panama (Diaz, 2005). K Acarnus radovani (Boury-Esnault, 1973) Acanthacarnus radovani Boury-Esnault, 1973: 284; Hechtel, 1976: 252. Acarnus radovani, van Soest et al., 1991: 68; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 141. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 963-bis (Fig. 12H). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (8o23’S–34o42’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Macaé (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y1, 22.319oS–40.826oW, 58.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (van Soest et al., 1991). REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. The holotype fixed by van Soest et al. (1991) was the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. K Acarnus souriei (Lévi, 1952) Acanthacarnus souriei Lévi, 1952: 54; Lévi, 1959: 132; Vacelet, 1961: 42 (non Acanthacarnus souriei sensu Hechtel, 1965: 40; van Soest, 1984: 63 [= A. nicoleae]; Thomas, 1970, 1973 [= A. bicladotylota]; cf. van Soest et al., 1991). Acanthacarnus levii Vacelet, 1960: 267. Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) souriei, van Soest, 1984: 63. Acarnus souriei, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 121; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; van Soest et al., 1991: 65; van Soest, 1993: 210; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160. Acarnus ?souriei, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Hechtel, 1965). TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal (W Africa). 145 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean-Atlantic (Corsica; Vacelet, 1960, 1961). West Africa (Senegal: Lévi, 1952; Gulf of Guinea: Lévi, 1959; van Soest et al., 1991). Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1984), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990). Cape Verde (van Soest et al., 1991), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 285; van Soest et al., 1991: 62. Acarnus toxeota, Hechtel, 1976: 253 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1037 (Fig. 13A). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (18o09’S– 38o30’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos (Calypso sta. 80, 18o09’S–38o30’W, 50 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas (REVIZEE sta. C517R, 18.663oS–37.870oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (van Soest et al., 1991). REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. The holotype was designated by van Soest et al. (1991) from the original series deposited in the MNHN collection. E Cornulum Carter, 1876 For synonyms see Hooper (2002b). Type species: Cornulum textile Carter, 1876 (by monotypy). K Cornulum tylotum (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new combination) Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 2002b: 392. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943 (Fig. 13B). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (8o25’S–34o48’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). 146 Endemic from Brazil. (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as the holotype by monotypy the single specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on Hooper (2002b) and van Soest et al. (2011). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: REMARKS: Family Microcionidae Carter, 1875 For synonyms see Hooper (2002c). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 8 Subfamily Microcioninae Carter, 1875 For synonyms see Hooper (2002c). E Clathria Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see Hooper (2002c). Type species: Clathria compressa Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; Schmidt, 1864). P Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see Hooper (2002c). Type species: Clathria compressa Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; Schmidt, 1864). K Clathria (Clathria) calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973 Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035 (Fig. 13C). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Prado (Corumbau District; 16o47’S–38o53’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Prado (Corumbau District; Calypso sta. 76, 16o47’S–38o53’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We fixed here as holotype by monotypy the single original specimen, deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) New subgenus assignment based on Hooper (1996, 2002c), van Soest et al. (2011). K Clathria (Clathria) prolifera (Ellis & Sollander, 1786) Spongia prolifera Ellis & Sollander, 1786: 189. Microciona prolifera, Johnson, 1971: 110; Green, 1977: 93; Santos et al., 1999: 57. Clathria (Clathria) prolifera, van Soest, 1984: 91. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (cf. Stone, 1986). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: New Jersey. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Taxonomic List Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (New England, North Carolina, Florida), Mexico (Ellis & Sollander, 1786; Green, 1977; van Soest, 1984). REMARKS: van Soest (1984) considered this record from Brazil as doubtful. P Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862 For synonyms see Hooper (2002c). Type species: Microciona atrasanguinea Bowerbank, 1862b (by subsequent designation; Bowerbank, 1864). K Clathria (Microciona) calla (de Laubenfels, 1934) Axociella calla de Laubenfels, 1934: 16. Clathria calla, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 286; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1993: 212; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; VaskeJúnior, 2010: 45. Tenaciella obliqua sensu Alcolado, 1976: 5. Clathria (Microciona) calla, van Soest, 1984: 100; Zea, 1987: 170; Hooper, 1996: 220; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 87; Moraes et al., 2006: 166. Microciona calla, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 150. TYPE SPECIMENS: USNM 22333. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico: off Vega Baja. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Vaske-Júnior, 2010 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico (de Laubenfels, 1934; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Curaçao, U.S.A. (Florida), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; van Soest, 1984; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 1976), Colombia (Zea, 1987); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: van Soest (1984) considered the Brazilian record of C. calla by Boury-Esnault (1973) as doubtful due to its ramose habit and lack of the smaller category of toxa. The specimens from São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago, however, are thinly encrusting. K MNHN.LBIM.D.T 3584. Mexico: Bank of Campeche. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire, Mexico (Bank of Campeche; Topsent, 1889; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Hooper, 1996). TYPE LOCALITY: P Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 For synonyms see Hooper (2002c). Type species: Spongia virgultosa Lamarck, 1814 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936 junior synonym of Spongia juniperina). K Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (Boury-Esnault, 1973) Rhaphidophlus basiarenacea Boury-Esnault, 1973: 287. Rhaphidophlus basiarenarea, Hechtel, 1976: 252 (misspelling). Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenaria, Santos et al., 2002b: 392 (misspelling). Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea, Moraes et al., 2006: 166. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 972 (Fig. 13D). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Calypso sta. 14, Santo Antônio Bay, 6-10 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. The holotype was designated by Hooper (1996) from the original series deposited in the MNHN collection. Clathria (Microciona) campecheae Hooper, 1996 Hymeraphia affinis Topsent, 1889: 43. Clathria (Microciona) affinis sensu van Soest, 1984: 93 (non Microciona affinis Carter, 1880). Clathria affinis sensu Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1216. Clathria (Microciona) campecheae Hooper, 1996: 220. Clathria campecheae, Santos et al., 2004: 590; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 71. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 1841. Paratype K Clathria (Thalysias) minuta (van Soest, 1984) Rhaphidophlus minutus van Soest, 1984: 115; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. Clathria minuta, van Soest, 1993: 212. Clathria (Thalysias) minuta, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Moraes et al., 2006: 166. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4796. TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao. 147 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao (van Soest, 1984). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer and subgenus assignment based on Hooper (1996, 2002c), van Soest et al. (2011). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: K Clathria (Thalysias) procera (Ridley, 1884) Rhaphidophlus procerus Ridley, 1884: 451. Echinonema gracilis Ridley, 1884: 617. Rhaphidophlus gracilis, Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 152; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 11. Clathria procera, Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1882.2.23.313. TYPE LOCALITY: N Australia: Port Darwin. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: North Australia, Seychelles, Indonesia, Red Sea (Ridley, 1884). REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887) record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) New subgenus assignment based on Hooper (1996, 2002a), van Soest et al. (2011). E Clathria (Wilsonella) Carter, 1885 For synonyms see Hooper (2002c). Type species: Wilsonella australiensis Carter, 1885d (by monotypy). K Family Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923 For synonyms see Hooper (2002d). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 5 SPECIES: 7 Subfamily Cyamoninae Hooper, 2002d E Cyamon Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Hooper (2002d). Type species: Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1866 (by monotypy). K Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864) Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1864: 267. Cyamon vickersii, Dendy, 1922: 108; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 68; Alcolado, 2002: 64; Hooper, 2002d: 498. Timea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973: 276; Hechtel, 1976: 255. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.1887. TYPE LOCALITY: ?Caribbean (“West Indies”). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Marataízes (Calypso sta. 97, 21o10’S–40o42’W, 12 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: “West Indies” (Bowerbank, 1864; Hooper, 2002d). Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: Although Hechtel (1976) did not specify the exact location of his record (“Rio de Janeiro, Santos and South”), he was quoting Boury-Esnault (1973) who recorded it from off Marataízes. Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new combination) Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel, 1976: 253. Phoriospongia nigra, Santos et al., 2002b: 393. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946, 983 (Fig. 13E, F). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (8o19’S–34o39’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as syntypes the only two original specimens deposited in 148 Subfamily Echinodictinae Hooper, 2002d E Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 For synonyms see Hooper (2002d). Type species: Spongia bilamellata, var. ß, Lamarck, 1816 (in part) (by original designation), junior synonym of Spongia mesenterina Lamarck, 1814 (cf. Topsent, 1932). K Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983 Echinodictyum sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 392. Pandaros sp., Muricy et al., 2008: 68 (taxonomic decision present paper). Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983: 68; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Cedro et al., 2007: 234. Taxonomic List TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8946 (Fig. 13G). Paratype YPM 8962. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Paulista. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Ceará State: Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Paulista (intertidal, Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Cabo de Santo Agostinho (Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Venezuela, Bonaire, Curaçao (Wiedenmayer, 1977; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). REMARKS: All Brazilian specimens studied so far lack the typical clavulate acanthostyles and therefore belong to the variety surgens sensu Wiedenmayer (1977). E Raspailia Nardo, 1847 For synonyms see Hooper (2002d). Type species: Raspailia typica Nardo, 1833 (by monotypy). P Raspailia (Raspailia) Nardo, 1833 Subfamily Raspailiinae Hooper, 2002d For synonyms see Hooper (2002d). Type species: Raspailia typica Nardo, 1833 (by monotypy). E Ectyoplasia K Topsent, 1930 Spongia tabula Lamarck, 1814 (by original designation). Type species: K Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Amphimedon ferox Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 81. Ectyoplasia ferox surgens Wiedenmayer, 1977: 158. Ectyoplasia ferox, van Soest, 1981: 9; Zea, 1987: 202; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 87; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 124; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Muricy et al., 2008: 79. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 38. Schizolectotypes USNM 31004, MNHN.D.NBE 1059, BMNH 1928.11.12.39. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Panama (Diaz, 2005), Colombia, Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Raspailia tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 482; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 188; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 11. Basiectyon tenuis, Hechtel, 1976: 253. Raspailia cf. tenuis, van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 113. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1887.5.2.24 (Fig. 13H). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988). REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) New subgenus assignment based on Hooper (2002d). P Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913 For synonyms see Hooper (2002d). Type species: Raspaxilla phakellina Topsent, 1913b (by monotypy). K Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Lerner, Carraro & van Soest, 2006 Raspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973: 278; Hechtel, 1976: 255. Raspailia elegans, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Silva et al., 2006: 137 (non Raspailia elegans Lendenfeld, 1887 [senior homonym]). Raspailia (Raspaxilla) elegans, Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Lerner et al., 2006: 39. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1032 (Fig. 14A; slide in ZMAPOR 17585). Paralectotype MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 1039 (Fig. 14B). 149 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Campos dos Goytacazes (22o12’S–40o59’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Off Campos dos Goytacazes (Calypso sta. 100, 22o12’S– 40o59’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). Off Ubatuba (Picinguaba, Calypso sta. 122, 23o26’S–44o48’W, 36 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Coral Island (Lerner et al., 2006 [description]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. Lerner et al. (2006) designated as holotype the specimen illustrated in Boury-Esnault (1973: 292). However, there are actually two specimens deposited in the MNHN collection; therefore, we retain the specimen selected by Lerner et al. (2006) as lectotype and fix the other one as paralectotype (ICZN article 74). (2) Although Hechtel (1976) did not specify the exact location of his record (“Rio de Janeiro, Santos and South”), he was quoting Boury-Esnault (1973) who recorded it from off Campos dos Goytacazes and off Ubatuba. K Raspailia (Raspaxilla) phakellina Topsent, 1913 Raspaxilla phakellina Topsent, 1913b: 617; Hooper, 2002d: 475; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 207. Raspailia (Raspaxilla) phakellina, Hajdu et al., 2004: 185; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.D.T 1614 (cf. Hooper, 2002d). TYPE LOCALITY: Off Argentina: Burdwood Bank (54o25’S– 57o32’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686, 25º36.988’S– 45º13.571’W, 380 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25º11.005’S–44º56.6’W, 168 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), off Argentina (South of Falkland Islands; Topsent, 1913b; Hooper, 2002d). Subfamily Thrinacophorinae Hooper, 2002d E Thrinacophora Ridley, 1885 Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 (by monotypy). Type species: 150 K Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 484; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 195; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 13; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Hooper, 2002d: 494; Maas-Vargas, 2004: 14; Swain & Wulff, 2007: 699. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.5.2.27 (two specimens; Fig. 14C). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]; Swain & Wulff, 2007 [ecology]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [original description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hooper, 2002d [description]). Pernambuco State: Paulista (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Caribbean coast (Maas-Vargas, 2004). REMARKS: (1) Ridley & Dendy (1887) reported that the outside label (“off Bermuda”) was different from the inside label (“off Bahia”), but also that there can be little doubt that Bahia is the correct locality. (2) The type locality (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (3) Hechtel (1976) did not state the precise locality of his record from Pernambuco State (off Paulista – Maria Farinha Beach); it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 8948. (4) Swain & Wulff (2007) did not state the precise locality of their record from off the mouth of the Amazon River; it was inferred from the label of the specimen USNM 1084839. Family Rhabderemiidae Topsent, 1928 TOTAL OF: E Rhabderemia GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3 Topsent, 1890 For synonyms see Hooper (2002e). Type species: Microciona pusilla Carter, 1876 (by subsequent designation; Dendy, 1905) (junior synonym of Microciona minutula Carter, 1880; cf. van Soest & Hooper, 1993). K Rhabderemia besnardi Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 Rhabderemia aff. africana, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50 (in part). Rhabderemia besnardi Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 6; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3184. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá (25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo Taxonomic List State: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686, 25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W, 380 m depth; Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [original description – but see remarks]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Oliveira & Hajdu (2005) erroneously reported the depth of station 6686 as 153 m. K Rhabderemia itajai Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 Rhabderemia itajai Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 7; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3177. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Off Itajaí (27°28.700’S–047°09.660’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Itajaí (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6786, 27°28.70’S–047°09.66’W, 380 m depth; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [original description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Rhabderemia uruguaiensis van Soest & Hooper, 1993 Rhabderemia coralloides sensu Burton, 1940: 116 (non Rhabderemia coralloides Dendy, 1924). Rhabderemia uruguaiensis van Soest & Hooper, 1993: 329; Mothes et al., 2003: 68; Hajdu et al., 2004: 185; Mothes et al., 2004c: 185; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 207; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005: 3; Mothes et al., 2006c: 68; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. Rhabderemia aff. africana, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50 (in part). Rhabderemia (Rhabderemia) uruguaiensis, Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 2008: 380. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MACN 15953. Schizoholotype BMNH 1933.6.10.11a. TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay (off Maldonado, 35°08’S–52°35’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686, 25°36.988’S–045°13.571’W, 380 m depth; Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Oliveira & Hajdu, 2005 [description – but see remarks]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25°11.005’S– 044°56.6’W, 167 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande (520 m depth; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Off Tavares (REVIZEE Sul sta. 26, 31°16’S–49°45’W, 133 m depth; sta. 23, 31°20’S–49°41’W, 296 m depth; sta. 25, 31°17’S–49°42’W, 145 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile, Uruguay (van Soest & Hooper, 1993; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005; Hajdu & DesqueyrouxFaúndez, 2008). REMARKS: Oliveira & Hajdu (2005) erroneously reported the depth of Station 6686 as being 153 m. SUBORDER MYCALINA HAJDU, VAN SOEST & HOOPER, 1994 Family Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002). TOTAL OF: E Biemna GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 5 Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002). Type species: Desmacidon peachi Bowerbank, 1866 (by original designation; junior synonym of Halichondria variantia Bowerbank, 1861). K Biemna microacanthosigma Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner & van Soest, 2004 Biemna microacanthosigma Mothes et al., 2004a: 480. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1898. Paratype MCN 1901. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amapá State: Off Amapá (02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá (Comissão Pesca Norte I, 02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m depth, Mothes et al., 2004a [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Biemna spinomicroxea Mothes, Campos, Lerner, Carraro & van Soest, 2005 Biemna spinomicroxea Mothes et al., 2005: 41. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1887. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amapá State: Off Calçoene (03°56’00”N–50°00’07”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Calçoene (Comissão Pesca Norte I, 03°56’00”N–50°00’07”W, 81 m depth; Mothes et al., 2005 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Biemna trisigmata Mothes & Campos, 2004 Biemna trisigmata Mothes & Campos, 2004: 4. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Amapá State: Off Amapá (02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Off Amapá (Comissão Pesca Norte I, 02°57’00”N–49°04’00”W, 76 m depth; Mothes & Campos, 2004 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Desmacella Schmidt, 1870 151 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002). Type species: Desmacella pumilio Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequent designation; Dendy, 1922; invalid subsequent designation of D. annexa by Topsent, 1925; cf. Hajdu & van Soest, 2002). K Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870 Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870: 53; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 59; Topsent, 1892a: 84; Topsent, 1896c: 281; FerrerHernández, 1914: 34; Burton, 1959: 228; Sarà & Siribelli, 1962: 38; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 116; van Soest, 1993: 212; Hajdu et al., 2004: 185; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. Desmacella vagabundus var. annexa, Schmidt, 1875: 117. Desmacodes vagabundus var. annexa, Vosmaer, 1880: 15. Biemna chevreuxi Topsent, 1890: 32; Burton, 1930: 518. Desmacella pumilio Carter, 1874: 250; Burton, 1930: 521; de Laubenfels, 1936: 114. Tylodesma annexa, Hallmann, 1916: 518; Stephens, 1921: 13; Burton, 1930: 521. Biemna annexa, Lundbeck, 1902: 85; Babiç, 1921: 81; Burton, 1928a: 120. Sigmatoxella annexa, de Laubenfels, 1936: 121; Vacelet, 1960: 265; Lévi, 1964: 71; Vacelet, 1969: 190; Hooper, 1996: 53. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1870.5.3.29. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Florida State. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6686, 25º36.988’S– 45º13.571’W, 380 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25º11.005’S–44º56.6’W, 168 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida State; Schmidt, 1870; Schmidt, 1875; Vosmaer, 1880; de Laubenfels, 1936), Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988), off St. Thomas (U.S. Virgin Islands; Ridley & Dendy, 1887), Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993). Northeast Atlantic: Azores, Iceland (Lundbeck, 1902), Spain (Topsent, 1890; Topsent, 1892a; Ferrer-Hernández, 1914), France, Norway (Burton, 1930; Topsent, 1896c), English Channel (Carter, 1874), Adriatic (Babiç, 1921); Mediterranean: Italy (Sarà & Siribelli, 1962), Monaco, France (Stephens, 1921; Vacelet, 1960, 1969); Indian Ocean (Oman, India, East Africa; Burton, 1928a; Burton, 1959); Philippines (Lévi, 1964). E Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 For synonyms see Hajdu & van Soest (2002). Type species: Sigmaxinella australiana Dendy, 1897 (by subsequent designation; Hallmann, 1916). 152 K Sigmaxinella cearense Salani, Lotufo & Hajdu, 2006 Sigmaxinella cearense Salani et al., 2006: 45; Muricy et al., 2008: 74. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 8687 (Fig. 14D). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Ceará State: Off Fortaleza (ca. 03°34.399’S–038°22.840’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Off Fortaleza (23 m depth; Salani et al., 2006 [original description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Family Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923 For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a). TOTAL OF: E Esperiopsis GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2 Carter, 1882 For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a). Type species: Esperiopsis villosa Carter, 1882a (by original designation). K Esperiopsis bathyalis Lopes & Hajdu, 2004 Esperiopsis sp., Hajdu et al., 2004: 50. Esperiopsis bathyalis Lopes & Hajdu, 2004: 25; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 2848. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá (25°18.874’S–044°52.516’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6679, 25°18.874’S–044°52.516’W, 808 m depth; Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Lopes & Hajdu, 2004 [original description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Ulosa de Laubenfels, 1936 For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002a). Type species: Spongia angulosa Lamarck, 1814 (by original designation). K Ulosa longimycalostylifera Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner & van Soest, 2004 Ulosa longimycalostylifera Mothes et al., 2004a: 479. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 1842. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Maranhão State: Off Araioses (02°12’00”S–41°48’00”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Off Araioses (02°12’00”S–41°48’00”W, 56 m depth, Mothes et al., 2004a [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Taxonomic List P Hamacantha Family Guitarridae Dendy, 1924 For synonyms see Hajdu & Lerner (2002). TOTAL OF: E Guitarra GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Carter, 1874 K For synonyms see Hajdu & Lerner (2002). Type species: Guitarra fimbriata Carter, 1874a (by monotypy). K Guitarra sepia Lerner, Hajdu, Custódio & van Soest, 2004 Guitarra sepia Mothes et al., 2003: 47 [nomem nudum]; Lerner et al., 2004: 407; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Mothes et al., 2006c: 80; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Marinho et al., 2010: 268. Guitarridae sp., Rangel et al., 2001: 36. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MCN 3582. Paratypes MCN 3177, 3413, 3571, 3592, 3898, 3904, 3973, 4002, 1717, 2220, 2229, 2398, 3346, 3649, 3193, 3967, 3968. Schizotypes deposited at ZMAPOR. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Arvoredo Island. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo (6-10 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]). Rio de Janeiro (17-20 m depth, Cagarras Archipelago, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]). São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (10-12 m depth; Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]). Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; 12-25 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Arvoredo Island (714 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, 11 m depth, Ilha Deserta, 1014 m depth, Lerner et al., 2004 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Family Hamacanthidae Gray, 1872a For synonyms see Hajdu (2002). TOTAL OF: E Hamacantha GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Hajdu (2002). Type species: Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864 (by monotypy). (Vomerula) Schmidt, 1880 For synonyms see Hajdu (2002). Type species: Vomerula tenda Schmidt, 1880 (by subsequent designation; Hajdu, 2002). Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera Lopes & Hajdu, 2004 Hamacantha sp. 3, Hajdu et al., 2004: 50. Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera Lopes & Hajdu, 2004: 27. Hamacantha microxifera, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4653. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela (25°11.000’S–044°56.650’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6681, 25°11.000’S–044°56.650’W, 167 m depth; Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Lopes & Hajdu, 2004 [original description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Family Isodictyidae Dendy, 1924 TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 E Isodictya SPECIES: 1 Bowerbank, 1864 For synonyms see Hajdu & Lôbo-Hajdu (2002). Type species: Spongia palmata Ellis & Solander, 1786 (by subsequent designation; Dendy, 1924). K Isodictya grandis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (new combination) Homoeodictya grandis Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 347; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309. TYPE SPECIMENS: BMNH 87.5.2.161 (3 slides). TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa: Cape of Good Hope. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). REMARKS: Genus transfer based on Hajdu & Lôbo-Hajdu (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). Family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905 For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b). TOTAL OF: E Mycale GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 14 Gray, 1867a For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b). 153 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Hymeniacidon lingua Bowerbank, 1866 (by subsequent designation; Thiele, 1903). Type species: P Mycale (Aegogropila) Gray, 1867a For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b). Type species: Halichondria aegagropila Johnston, 1842 (by subsequent designation; Dendy, 1922). K Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984 Mycale caecilia, Wells et al., 1960: 212; Cooley, 1978: table 6 (non M. caecilia de Laubenfels, 1936). Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984: 22; Rocha, 1995: 77. Mycale americana, Zea, 1987: 138; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 60. Mycale (Aegogropila) aff. americana, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319. Mycale aff. americana, Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4074. Paratypes ZMAPOR 3678, 3889, 3902, 4267, 4784. TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Isla Margarita. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião, intertidal (Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize, Colombia, Curaçao, Venezuela (Isla Margarita); U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina) (Wells et al., 1960; Cooley, 1978; van Soest, 1984; Zea, 1987). REMARKS: This species should be compared in detail to Mycale (Aegogropila) citrina Hajdu & Rützler, 1998, a possible junior synonym. K Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei Hajdu, Zea, Kielman & Peixinho, 1995 Mycale escarlatei Hajdu et al., 1995: 3; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 61. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4451. Paratypes MCN 2829, INV-POR 448, INV-POR 449. Schizotype from holotype ZMAPOR 10710. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Hajdu et al., 1995 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de 154 Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Ilha do Bonfim, Hajdu et al., 1995 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Colombia (Hajdu et al., 1995). REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest & Hajdu (2002b), van Soest et al. (2011). K Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae Carballo & Hajdu, 1998 Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae Carballo & Hajdu, 1998: 188. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 381 (former DZUSP 381). Paratypes MNRJ 296 (former DZUSP 296), MNRJ 302 (former DZUSP 302), MNRJ 369 (former DZUSP 369). Schizotypes from holotype BMNH 1997.2.26.1, ZMAPOR 11513. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Carballo & Hajdu, 1998 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. P Mycale (Arenochalina) Lendenfeld, 1887 For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b). Type species: Arenochalina mirabilis Lendenfeld, 1887 (by monotypy). K Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Acamas laxissima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 95. Hircinia cartilaginea var. horrida Hyatt, 1877: 549. Esperella nuda Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 339; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 70. Mycale angulosa sensu de Laubenfels, 1936: 116; Lévi, 1959: 129 (non Pandaros angulosa Duchassaing et Michelotti, 1864; non Mycale angulosa of other authors). Mycale nuda, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest, 1984: 31. Thorecta horridus, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 70. Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima, van Soest, 1984: 29. Mycale laxissima, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 119; Schmahl, 1990: 379; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Hajdu et al., 1999: 24; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 62; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Menezes et al., 2010: 467. Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 748; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Custódio et al., 2002: 204. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 34. Taxonomic List Schizolectotypes USNM 31001, MNHN.D.NBE 1300, BMNH 1928.11.12.112. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Andréa et al., 2007 [ecology]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; 5-10 m depth, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al., 2002 [spiculogenesis]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida; Hyatt, 1877; Schmahl, 1990), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Is., Curaçao, Bonaire, Colombia, Belize, Mexico (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002). Tropical West Africa (Lévi, 1959; van Soest, 1993; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998). REMARKS: (1) The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886, 1887) record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) There is considerable distinction between Caribbean and Brazilian forms of this species in overall external appearance. Hajdu & Rützler (1998) proposed an extensive synonymy including Esperella nuda Ridley & Dendy, 1886, from Bahia state, but the cospecificity of the two forms should be checked by genetic methods. P Mycale (Carmia) Gray, 1867a For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b). Type species: Hymeniacidon macilenta Bowerbank, 1866 (by subsequent designation). K Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984 Mycale magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984: 27; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Mothes et al., 2003: 54; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Diaz, 2005: 472; Mothes et al., 2006c: 93; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 65. Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 755; Carballo & Hajdu, 2001: 211; Lerner et al., 2005b: 602. Mycale magnirafidiphera, Vilanova et al., 2004: 651 (misspelling). Holotype ZMAPOR 04885. Curaçao. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Carballo & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (6-11 m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). Bombinhas (Galé Island, 5-11 m depth, Deserta Island, 6 m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Atlantic: U.S.A. (North Carolina). Caribbean: Cuba, Curaçao, Belize (van Soest, 1984; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005). TYPE SPECIMENS: TYPE LOCALITY: K Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927 Mycale fistulata var. microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927: 144. Mycale lissochela sensu Alcolado, 1976 [non M. lissochela Bergquist, 1965]. Carmia microsigmatosa, Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991: 510; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Nassar & Silva, 1999: 200. Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, van Soest, 1984: 24; Zea, 1987: 142; Rocha, 1995: 77; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 758; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Custódio et al., 2002: 204; Ribeiro et al., 2003: 952; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682. Mycale microsigmatosa, Hechtel, 1965: 47; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 124; Muricy, 1989: 351; van Soest, 1993: 212; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Lerner, 1996: 112; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Rangel et al., 2001: 36; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Pereira et al., 2002: 312; Mothes et al., 2003: 46; LôboHajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 472; Ferreira et al., 2006: 1343; Mothes et al., 2006c: 79; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 64; Xavier et al., 2008: 77; Marinho et al., 2009: 678; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605. Monanchora sp. sensu Moraes et al., 2006: 168. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 1593. TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (2 m depth, Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco 155 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera State: Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (0.5-12.0 m depth, Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Pereira et al., 2002 [chemical ecology]; Ribeiro et al., 2003 [ecology]; Ferreira et al., 2006 [bioinvasion]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Niterói (0.5 m depth, Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Ribeiro et al., 2003 [ecology]; Xavier et al., 2008 [ecology]). Rio de Janeiro (Ribeiro et al., 2003 [ecology]; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; 4-20 m depth, Marinho et al., 2009 [microbiology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). Sepetiba (Nassar & Silva, 1999 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Rangel et al., 2001 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (2 m depth, Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; intertidal, Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al., 2002 [spiculogenesis]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, Lerner, 1996 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize, Bonaire, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, U.S.A. (Florida), Venezuela (Hechtel, 1965; Alcolado, 1976, 2002; van Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Diaz, 2005); Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa and Mycale senegalensis from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, both probably referring to the present species. These records however are not considered valid here because they were based on unpublished academic studies. Hymeniacidon lingua Bowerbank, 1864 (by subsequent designation; Thiele, 1903). Type species: K Faúndez, 1994 Mycale fusca sensu Solé-Cava et al., 1981: 132 (non Esperella fusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [= Mycale (Mycale) laevis]; cf. Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991; Hajdu & DesqueyrouxFaúndez, 1994: Hajdu, 1995). Mycale arenosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991: 506; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429 (non Mycale parasitica var. arenosa Hentschel, 1911 [senior homonym]). Mycale arenaria, Hajdu, 1995: 50; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 63. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994: 568; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. Mycale aff. arenaria, Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 168. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 2431, Paratypes UFRJPOR 2432-2438. Schizotypes MHNG 993.123, MNHN unregistered, BMNH 1989.6.12.1, ZMAPOR 8481. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Marechal Deodoro (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Guarapari (Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [description]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (2-4 m depth; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 [description]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). K P Mycale (Mycale) Gray, 1867a For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b). 156 Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu & Desqueyroux- Mycale (Mycale) beatrizae Hajdu & DesqueyrouxFaúndez, 1994 Mycale (Mycale) beatrizae Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Taxonomic List 1994: 569; Hajdu, 1995: 51. Mycale beatrizae, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 4244. Schizotypes MHNG 993.122 (slide), ZMAPOR 10656 (slide). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Ubatuba (24o09.0’S–44o22.5’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Ubatuba (R./V. Prof. W. Besnard sta. 5170, 24o09.0’S– 44o22.5’W, 136 m depth; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [original description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The possible synonymy of this species with Mycale (Mycale) doellojuradoi Burton, 1940 should be reevaluated. K Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882) Esperia laevis Carter, 1882a: 291. Esperella fusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 339; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 72. Mycale fusca, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 254 (non Mycale fusca sensu Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [= Mycale (Mycale) arenaria]). Mycale laevis, Hechtel, 1965: 46; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 125; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994: 574; Hajdu, 1995: 56; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998: 763; Hill, 1998: 145; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Alcolado, 2002: 66; Diaz, 2005: 472. Mycale (Mycale) laevis, van Soest, 1984: 14. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1939.3.24.23. TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela: Puerto Cabello. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (31 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Belize, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; PulitzerFinali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002), Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao, Puerto Rico (van Soest, 1984), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990; Hajdu & Rützler, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1886, 1887) record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). K Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita Boury-Esnault, 1973 Mycale quadripartita Boury-Esnault, 1973: 278; Hechtel, 1976: 254; Hajdu, 1995: 61; Muricy et al., 2006: 142. Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita, Hajdu & DesqueyrouxFaúndez, 1994: 582. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.NBE 1010. Schizotype UFRJPOR 3387. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Valença (13o18’S– 38o42’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Amapá State: Localities not informed (N.O.A.S. sta. 1763, 2012; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Pará State: Locality not informed (N.O.A.S. sta. 1882; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Off Salinópolis (N.O.A.S. sta. 1889, 00°23.0’S–47°16.1’W, 31 m depth; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Valença (Calypso sta. 64, 13o18’S–38o42’W, 45-48 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Maranhão State: Off Tutóia (N.O.A.S. sta. 1817, 02o12’S–42o25’W, 60 m depth; Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994 [description]; Hajdu, 1995 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Off São Francisco de Itabapoana (REVIZEE sta. C2-36R, 21.517oS–40.300oW, 52 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. The holotype designated by Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1994) was the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. P Mycale (Naviculina) Gray, 1867a For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b). Type species: Naviculina cliftoni Gray, 1867a (by monotypy). K Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 Mycale (Naviculina) sp., Hajdu, 1999: 227. Mycale arcuiris, Monks et al., 2002: 4; Mothes et al., 2003: 57; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Dresch et al., 2005: 17. Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris, Lerner & Hajdu, 2002: 112; Silva et al., 2006: 137. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 773. Paratypes MNRJ 263, 362, 425, 1826, 3757, 3983, 3984, 3987, 3990. Schizotypes from holotype MCN 4759, ZMAPOR 15832, BMNH 2000.5.30.1. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [original description]). São Sebastião (0.5-15 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 157 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera [original description]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003 [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé, 4 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [original description]; Parcel da Ilha Deserta (submerged islet, 27°6.500’S–48°20.000’W, 18-19 m depth), Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata (van Soest, 1984) (subgenus transfer) Mycale (Aegogropila) diversisigmata van Soest, 1984: 21. Mycale diversisigmata, Cedro et al., 2007: 234. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMAPOR 4783. TYPE LOCALITY: Curaçao: St. Martha Bay. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao (van Soest, 1984). REMARKS: Subgenus transfer based on van Soest & Hajdu (2002b), van Soest et al. (2011). K Mycale (Naviculina) purpurata Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 Mycale (Naviculina) purpurata Lerner & Hajdu, 2002: 118. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1671. Paratype MNRJ 1669. Schizotypes from holotype MCN 4759, ZMAPOR 16243. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Ilhabela. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ilhabela (11.5 m depth; Lerner & Hajdu, 2002 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. P Mycale (Zygomycale) Topsent, 1931 For synonyms see van Soest & Hajdu (2002b). Type species: Raphiodesma parishi Bowerbank, 1875 (by original designation). K Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Pandaros angulosa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 89. Zygomycale parishii, de Laubenfels, 1956: 3; Hechtel, 1965: 48; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Alcolado, 1980: 4; Duarte & Morgado, 1983: 4; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996: 140; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001: 174 (non Rhaphiodesma parishii Bowerbank, 1875). Mycale (Aegogropila) angulosa, van Soest, 1984: 16; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Custódio et al., 2002: 204. Mycale angulosa, de Laubenfels, 1953: 528; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Rützler et al., 2000: 235; 158 Alcolado, 2002: 66; Santos et al., 2002b: 393; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 651; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 59; Muricy et al., 2008: 72; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 35; Menezes et al., 2010: 467; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1. Zygomycale angulosa, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 130. Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Lerner et al., 2005a: 89. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 54. Schizolectotypes USNM 31021, MNHN.D.NBE 1310, BMNH 1928.11.12.20. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Pernambuco State: Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Parati (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]). São Paulo State: Guarujá (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Duarte & Morgado, 1983 [ecology]; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996 [ecology]; Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Custódio et al., 2002 [spiculogenesis]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; 5-10 m depth, Menezes et al., 2010 [microbiology]). Ubatuba (Duarte & Morgado, 1983 [ecology]; Duarte & Nalesso, 1996 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]). South Region: Paraná State: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, 0.2 m depth; Lerner et al., 2005a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953). Caribbean: Curaçao, Margarita (van Soest, 1984), U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 1980, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Mycale (Aegogropila) angulosa and Zygomycale parishii, both probably belonging to the present species, from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; these records however are not accepted as valid here because they were based on unpublished academic studies. Taxonomic List Suborder Myxillina Hajdu, van Soest & Hooper, 1994 Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886 For synonyms see van Soest (2002d). TOTAL OF: E Chondropsis GENERA: 2 TOTAL OF: SPECIES: 2 Carter, 1886 For synonyms see van Soest (2002d). Type species: Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886b (by monotypy). K Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886 Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886b: 122; Carter, 1890: 564; Santos et al., 2002b: 393; van Soest, 2002d: 522. Holopsamma arenifera sensu Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10; Hechtel, 1976: 252. Chondrosia arenifera, Santos et al., 2002b: 390. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.15.149. TYPE LOCALITY: Australia: Port Philip Heads. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha (Carter, 1890 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: S Australia (Carter, 1886b; van Soest, 2002d). REMARKS: The Brazilian record was possibly misidentified; it was considered questionable by Hechtel (1976) and needs revision. E Psammoclema Marshall, 1880 For synonyms see van Soest (2002d). Type species: Psammoclema ramosum Marshall, 1880 (by monotypy). K Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922 For synonyms see van Soest (2002e). Psammoclema porosum (Poléjaeff, 1884) (new combination) Psammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884: 48; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 20; Hechtel, 1976: 254. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Poléjaeff, 1884 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) The type locality (off Salvador) was called “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002d), van Soest et al. (2011). E Coelosphaera GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 6 Thomson, 1873 For synonyms see van Soest (2002e). Type species: Coelosphaera tubifex Thomson, 1873 (by monotypy). P Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) Thomson, 1873 For synonyms see van Soest (2002e). Type species: Coelosphaera tubifex Thomson, 1873 (by monotypy). K Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) biclavata Priest, 1881 Polymastia biclavata Priest, 1881: 303. Coelosphaera biclavata, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Belize. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State Not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Belize (Priest, 1881). Remarks: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest (2002b), van Soest et al. (2011). K Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera Hechtel, 1969 Coelosphaera raphidifera, Hechtel, 1969: 13; Rützler et al., 2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65 (?non Fibularia raphidifera Topsent, 1889: 16 [senior secondary homonym]). Fibularia (?) raphidifera, Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: YPM 7745. TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (27 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 5712. (2) New subgenus assignment based on van Soest (2002b), van Soest et al. (2011). (3) This species probably should receive a new replacement name since it became a junior homonym of Fibularia raphidifera Topsent, 1889 after the transfer of both to Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera). However, it is not clear if the two species are actually synonymous (cf. van Soest et al., 2011) and a revision of both is necessary. 159 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera E Forcepia Carter, 1874 For synonyms see van Soest (2002e). Type species: Forcepia colonensis Carter, 1874 (by monotypy). P Forcepia (Forcepia) Carter, 1874 For synonyms see van Soest (2002e). Type species: Forcepia colonensis Carter, 1874. K Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis (Boury-Esnault, 1973) Ectoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973: 280; Hechtel, 1976: 254 (non Forcepia (Ectoforcepia) trilabis sensu van Soest, 1984: 66; non Forcepia trilabis sensu van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 122 [= Forcepia colonensis]; cf. van Soest, 2002e; van Soest, 2009). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973 (Fig. 14E). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Valença (13o18’S– 38o42’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Valença (Calypso sta. 64, 13o18’S–38o42’W, 45-48 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as the holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) The transfer to the subgenus Forcepia (Forcepia) was done by van Soest (2009). E Lissodendoryx Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W, 33 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as syntypes the only two original specimens deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011). K Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new combination) Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel, 1976: 254. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 986 (Fig. 14G). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (10o54’S–36o45’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011). Topsent, 1892 For synonyms see van Soest (2002e). Type species: Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889 (by original designation) (junior synonym of Halichondria isodictyalis Carter, 1882a). P Lissodendoryx P Lissodendoryx K (Anomodoryx) Burton, 1934 For synonyms see van Soest (2002e). Type species: Desmacidon dendyi Whitelegge, 1901 (by original designation). K Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new combination) Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel, 1976: 253. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985, 1008 (Fig. 14F). TYPE LOCALITIES: Brazil: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (7o29’S– 34o30’W) and Pernambuco State: Off Porto de Galinhas (8o25’S–34o48’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; 160 (Lissodendoryx) Topsent, 1892 For synonyms see van Soest (2002e). Type species: Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889 (junior synonym of Halichondria isodictyalis Carter, 1882a). Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) Halichondria isodictyalis Carter, 1882a: 285. Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889: 49. Lissodendoryx leptoderma, Topsent, 1892a: 97. Esperiopsis fragilis Verril, 1907: 333. Lissodendoryx isodictyalis, Topsent, 1897a: 456; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 73; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 11; Hechtel, 1965: 38; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1984: 54; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 146; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 23; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002b: 392; Diaz, 2005: 472; Moraes et al., 2006: 167; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis, van Soest, 2002e: 540. Taxonomic List Syntypes (8 specimens): BMNH 39.3.24.13, CLM-Sp. 57-58, 62-66, 73 (cf. Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 2002e). TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico (Acapulco) and Venezuela (Puerto Cabello). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (1-2 m depth, Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba, Venezuela (van Soest, 1984), Bahamas (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida), Panama (Diaz, 2005). Tropical West Africa; Tropical Pacific America; Indo-Pacific; Australia; Red Sea (cf. Hechtel, 1965); Cape Verde (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: (1) This allegedly cosmopolitan species is probably a complex of cryptic species and needs revision. (2) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Lissodendoryx isodictyalis from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State; this record is not considered valid here because it was based on an unpublished academic study. TYPE SPECIMENS: Family Crambeidae Lévi, 1963 For synonyms see van Soest (2002l). TOTAL OF: E Monanchora GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Carter, 1883a For synonyms see van Soest (2002l). Type species: Monanchora clathrata Carter, 1883a (by monotypy). K Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Pandaros arbusculum Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 88; van Soest et al., 1983: 199. Echinostylinos unguiferus de Laubenfels, 1953: 528. Echinostylinos (?) unguiferus, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309. Monanchora barbadensis Hechtel, 1969: 21; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1984: 40; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 142; Muricy, 1989: 351. Prosuberites scarlatum Alcolado, 1984: 13. Monanchora unguifera, Zea, 1987: 152. Monanchora arbuscula, Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1217; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Tavares et al., 1994: 645; Tavares et al., 1995: 1142; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 88; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 159; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Rützler et al., 2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002b: 393; Mothes et al., 2003: 51; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 683; Diaz, 2005: 472; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Lerner et al., 2005b: 600; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Mothes et al., 2006c: 87; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 70; Muricy et al., 2006: 142; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Kossuga et al., 2007: 1195; Muricy & Hajdu, 2007b: 41; Muricy et al., 2008: 70; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Lira et al., 2010: 158. Monanchora cf. barbadensis, Klautau et al., 1994b: 401. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1728. Paralectotype ZMAPOR 1729 (cf. van Soest et al., 1983). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2007b [description]). Abrolhos (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C5-7R, 16.117oS–38.170oW, 40 m depth; REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Salvador (Tavares et al., 1994 [chemistry]; Tavares et al., 1995 [chemistry]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Paraíba State: Locality not informed (Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 [ecology]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião 161 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (7-8 m depth, Lerner et al., 2005b [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Curaçao, Colombia, Belize, U.S.A. (Florida) (de Laubenfels, 1953; van Soest, 1984; Zea, 1987; Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Barbados (Hechtel, 1969), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Puerto Rico, Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999), U.S. Virgin Islands (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), Panama (Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: (1) Hechtel (1976) did not inform the precise locality of his records; it was inferred from the label of the specimens YPM 5737, 8950 and 8980, all from Recife. (2) The holotype of Echinostylinos unguiferus is deposited at USNM 23404 (Fig. 14H). Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922 For synonyms see van Soest (2002f). TOTAL OF: E Crella GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Gray, 1867a For synonyms see van Soest (2002f). Type species: Cribrella elegans Schmidt, 1862 (by original designation). P Crella (Grayella) Carter, 1869 For synonyms see van Soest (2002f). Type species: Grayella cyathophora monotypy). K Carter, 1869 (by Crella (Grayella) spinosa (Hechtel, 1983) Crelloxea spinosa Hechtel, 1983: 70. Crella spinosa, Santos et al., 2002b: 393. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9019 (Fig. 15A). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Olho d’Água Lagoon (Jacques Laborel, personal communication, 2011). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Olho d’Água Lagoon (Hechtel, 1983 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) The locality of collection of this species was not informed by Hechtel (1983), who stated only “tropical Brazil”. It was discovered through the field number written by hand in the verso of the label, thanks to a personal communication from Jacques Laborel, the collector of the specimen. As the Olho d’Água Lagoon is a brackish to freshwater lagoon, the possibility that this 162 could be a freshwater sponge should be investigated. (2) New subgenus assignment based on van Soest (2002c), van Soest et al. (2011). Family Desmacididae Schmidt, 1870 For synonyms see van Soest (2002g). TOTAL OF: E Desmapsamma GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Burton, 1934 Fibularia anchorata Carter, 1882a (by original designation). Type species: K Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) Fibularia anchorata Carter, 1882a: 283. Desmacidon reptans Ridley & Dendy, 1886: 345; Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 105; Lindgren, 1898: 303. Desmapsamma anchorata, Burton, 1934: 547; Burton, 1959: 239; Lévi, 1959: 134; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 10; Hechtel, 1965: 21; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest, 1984: 35; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 138; van Soest, 1993: 212; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 88; Rützler et al., 2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65; van Soest, 2002g: 574; Calcinai et al., 2004: 938; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 472; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 69; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Muricy et al., 2008: 75; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Ignacio et al., 2010: Table S1; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Meurer et al., 2010: 1. Holopsamma helwigi, de Laubenfels, 1936: 97; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1216; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Alcolado, 2002: 65. Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) helwigi, Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Santos et al., 2002b: 392. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1939.3.24.12. TYPE LOCALITY: Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (12-36 m depth; Ridley & Dendy, 1886 [description]; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Salvador (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Andréa et al., 2007 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Off Recife (Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ilha Grande (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Meurer et al., 2010 [ecology]). Sepetiba Bay (Ignacio et al., 2010 [ecology]). Taxonomic List Curaçao, Bonaire, Venezuela, Colombia (van Soest, 1984; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Antigua (Carter, 1882a), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990). Tropical West Africa (Burton, 1956; Lévi, 1959; van Soest, 1993); East Africa (Burton, 1959); Indonesia (Burton, 1959; Calcinai et al., 2004); China Sea (Lindgren, 1898); Australia: Great Barrier Reef (Burton, 1934; Hechtel, 1965; van Soest, 1984). REMARKS: This species is considered introduced in Indonesia (Calcinai et al., 2004). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Family Hymedesmiidae Topsent, 1928 For synonyms see van Soest (2002h). TOTAL OF: E Phorbas GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3 Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 For synonyms see van Soest (2002h). Type species: Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Phorbas amaranthus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 92; Carter, 1882a: 287; van Soest, 1984: 86; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 89; Rützler et al., 2000: 235; Alcolado, 2002: 65; van Soest, 2002h: 586; Muricy et al., 2008: 76. Pachychalina amaranthus, Wilson, 1902: 391. Phorbas sp. sensu Moraes et al., 2006: 168. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 59. Schizolectotypes USNM 31026, MNHN.D.NBE 1315, BMNH 1928.11.12.12. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize, Colombia, Curaçao, Bonaire, Nassau, Venezuela, Panama (Carter, 1882a; Wilson, 1902; van Soest, 1984; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; van Soest, 2002h). K Phorbas plumosus (Montagu, 1818) Spongia plumosa Montagu, 1818: 116. Myxilla (?) plumosa var. fusifera Ridley & Dendy, 1887: 145; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 11. Pronax plumosa, Hechtel, 1976: 254. Phorbas plumosus, Corriero et al., 2007: 24. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: England: Devon. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Ridley & Dendy, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: England (Montagu, 1818), Italy (Corriero et al., 2007). REMARKS: The collection site of Ridley & Dendy (1887) record (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). K Phorbas ramosus (Hechtel, 1983) (new combination) Anchinoe sp., Hechtel, 1976: 253. Anchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983: 67 [non Phorbas ramosus (Lendenfeld, 1888); senior secondary homonym]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 8969 (Fig. 15B). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Santo Antonio Bank. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Santo Antonio Bank (60 m depth; Hechtel, 1983 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based on van Soest (2002d), van Soest et al. (2011). (2) This species needs a new replacement name since it became a junior homonym of Phorbas ramosus (Lendenfeld, 1888). Family Iotrochotidae Ridley, 1884 TOTAL OF: E Iotrochota GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Ridley, 1884 For synonyms see van Soest (2002i). Type species: Halichondria birotulata Higgin, 1877 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877) Halichondria birotulata Higgin, 1877: 296. Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 281 (cf. Rützler et al., 2007). Iothrochota birotulata (Moraes et al., 2006: 167 [misspelling]). Iotrochota birotulata, de Laubenfels, 1953: 522; Hechtel, 1965: 24; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest, 1984: 38; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 139; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1210; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 88; Lehnert & van Soest, 1999: 158; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Santos et al., 2002a: 295; 163 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera van Soest, 2002i: 598; Diaz, 2005: 472; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Rützler et al., 2007: 135. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1877.3.9.1. Paralectotype BMNH 1877.3.9.2 (2 slides; cf. van Soest, 2002i; Rützler et al., 2007). TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Kingston (cf. Rützler et al., 2007). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]). Bahia State: Off Belmonte (Calypso sta. 70, 15o47’S–38o45’W, 57 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Salvador (Santos et al., 2002a [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Recife (30 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]). Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (Calypso sta. 40, 10o54’S–36o45’W, 34 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida; de Laubenfels, 1953; Schmahl, 1990), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, U.S. Virgin Islands, Belize, Colombia, Curaçao, Bonaire, Venezuela, Panama (Hechtel, 1965; van Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998, 1999; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005; Rützler et al., 2007). REMARKS: (1) The specimens from Fernando de Noronha present neither the birotulate microscleres nor the erect morphology typical of the species in the Caribbean and should be investigated in more detail. (2) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 9000. Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922 For synonyms see van Soest (2002j). TOTAL OF: E Hymenancora GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 3 Lundbeck, 1910 For synonyms see van Soest (2002j). Type species: Leptosia umbellifera Topsent, 1904: 192 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Hymenancora tenuissima (Thiele, 1905) (new combination) Hymedesmia tenuissima Thiele, 1905: 454. Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) tenuissima, Hajdu et al., 2004: 185; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 3307 (cf. Carsten Lüter, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Calbuco. 164 Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Ubatuba (REVIZEE Sul sta. 6664, 24º26.475’S– 44º06.554’W, 500 m depth, Hajdu et al., 2004 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Thiele, 1905). REMARKS: Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002j), van Soest et al. (2011). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: E Myxilla Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see van Soest (2002j). Type species: Halichondria rosacea Lieberkühn, 1859 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). P Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) Hentschel, 1914 For synonyms see van Soest (2002j). Type species: Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis Hentschel, 1914 (by original designation). K Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis Thiele, 1905 Myxilla chilensis Thiele, 1905: 443; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005: 209. Ectyomyxilla chilensis, Koltun, 1964: 77. Ectyomyxilla kerguelenensis, Boury-Esnault, 1973: 279 [misspelling]. Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 55 (non Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis Hentschel, 1914: 103). Crellomyxilla chilensis, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 3298 (cf. Carsten Lüter, pers. comm., 2011). TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Calbuco. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela (Calypso sta. 138, 24o43’S–45o10’W, 97-100 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Thiele, 1905), Antarctic (Koltun, 1964), Argentina (López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), South Africa (cf. Boury-Esnault, 1973). REMARKS: (1) New subgenus assignment based on van Soest (2002e), van Soest et al. (2011). (2) The relationship between Myxilla chilensis Thiele and Ectyomyxilla kerguelensis Hentschel should be revised, as well as the identity of this Brazilian record. P Myxilla (Myxilla) Schmidt, 1862 For synonyms see van Soest (2002j). Type species: Halichondria rosacea Lieberkühn, 1859 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986 Myxilla mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 145; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 53; Rocha, 1995: 77; Lehnert & van Soest, Taxonomic List 1998: 88; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 68. Myxilla ?mucronata, Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MSNG 47702. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica: Port Royal. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Niterói (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (intertidal, Rocha, 1995 [ecology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998). REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on van Soest (2002e), van Soest et al. (2011). Family Tedaniidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 For synonyms see van Soest (2002k). TOTAL OF: E Tedania GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 5 Gray, 1867a For synonyms see van Soest (2002k). Type species: Reniera digitata Schmidt, 1862 (by original designation; junior synonym of Halichondria anhelans Lieberkühn, 1859). P Tedania (Tedania) Gray, 1867a For synonyms see van Soest (2002k). Type species: Reniera digitata Schmidt, 1862 (by original designation; junior synonym of Halichondria anhelans Lieberkühn, 1859). K Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis Mothes, Hajdu & van Soest, 2000 Tedaniopsis nsp., Muricy et al., 1991: 1187. Tedania sp., Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis Mothes et al., 2000: 3. Tedania brasiliensis, Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 67. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFRJPOR 1193. Paratypes MCN 2319, UFRJPOR 1223a, 1276, 2862, 2979, 3062, 3080, 3149, 3150, MZUSP 12257, 12258. Schizoholotypes BMNH 1997.1.13.1, ZMAPOR 11487. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Arraial do Cabo. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Maranhão State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Off Serrano do Maranhão (00o31’00”S– 44o16’00”W, 54 m depth; Mothes et al., 2000 [original description]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; 3-15 m depth, Mothes et al., 2000 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Cabo de São Tomé (51 m depth, Mothes et al., 2000 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Alcatrazes Archipelago (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ilhabela (5-16 m depth, Mothes et al., 2000 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Tedania (Tedania) ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Thalysias ignis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 83. Tedania ignis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 70; Hechtel, 1965: 37; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 133; van Soest, 1984: 49; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 147; Zea, 1987: 157; Muricy, 1989: 351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Klautau et al., 1994b: 401; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 53; Lerner, 1996: 113; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 88; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Hajdu et al., 1999: 23; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000: 462; Rützler et al., 2000: 236; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001: 174; Alcolado, 2002: 65; Monks et al., 2002: 4; Santos et al., 2002a: 296; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Santos et al., 2002b: 393; Mothes et al., 2003: 54; Jimenez et al., 2004: 88; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004: 682; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 472; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 168; Mothes et al., 2006c: 92; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 66; Silva et al., 2006: 137; Andréa et al., 2007: 133; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Farrapeira, 2008: 35; Rodrigues et al., 2007: 1; Ribeiro et al., 2008: 38; Vita-Marques et al., 2008: 1100; Xavier et al., 2008: 77; Laport et al., 2009: 91; Muricy et al., 2008: 77; Farrapeira et al., 2009: 91; Barradas et al., 2010: 63; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Farrapeira, 2010: 214; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Marinho et al., 2010: 268; Santos et al., 2010b: 605. Tedania anhelans sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 282 (non Tedania anhelans Lieberkühn, 1859; taxonomic decision by Hechtel, 1976; Mothes et al., 2000). Tedania vanhoffeni sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973: 282; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 (non Tedania vanhöffeni Hentschel, 1914: 90; non Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoffeni, Mothes et al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355). Tedania vanhoeffeni, Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 233; Mothes 165 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera de Moraes, 1987: 132 (non Tedania vanhöffeni Hentschel, 1914: 90; non Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoffeni, Mothes et al., 2004c: 58; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355). Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Lerner et al., 2005a: 88. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype Mus.Torino-Por 72. Paralectotype ZMAPOR 2373. Schizolectotypes MNHN.D.NBE 1341, BMNH 1928.11.12.437. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Salvador (Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000 [ecology]; Santos et al., 2002a [ecology]; Andréa et al., 2007 [ecology]). Off Santa Cruz de Cabrália (Calypso sta. 73, 16o15’S–38o52’W, 24 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Ceará State: Trairi (Flexeiras Beach, intertidal; Jimenez et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Maranhão State: São Luís (Rodrigues et al., 2007 [ecology]). Paraíba State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Cabo de Santo Agostinho (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Ipojuca (Farrapeira et al., 2009 [ecology]). Itamaracá (Farrapeira, 2008 [ecology]). Porto de Galinhas (Barradas et al., 2010 [ecology]). Off Porto de Galinhas (Calypso sta. 27, 8o25’S–34o48’W, 33 m depth; Calypso sta. 29, 8o28’S–34o55’W, 22-30 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Piauí State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Locality not informed (Farrapeira, 2010 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Ribeiro et al., 2008 [chemical ecology]). Angra dos Reis (Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]). Arraial do Cabo (1-15 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1985b [description]; Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Klautau et al., 1994b [cell biology]). Niterói (Guanabara Bay, 0.5 m depth, Xavier et al., 2008 [ecology]). Rio de Janeiro (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004 166 [ecology]; Marinho et al., 2010 [pharmacology]; Santos et al., 2010b [microbiology]). São Paulo State: Locality not informed (São Sebastião or Peruíbe; Vita-Marques et al., 2008 [microbiology]). São Sebastião (Hajdu et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]). Off Ubatuba (off Picinguaba, Calypso sta. 122, 23o26’S– 44o48’W, 36 m depth, Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist; erroneously indicated as Rio de Janeiro State]; Morgado & Tanaka, 2001 [ecology]). South Region: Paraná State: Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel, 0.2 m depth; Lerner et al., 2005a [description]). Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Monks et al., 2002 [pharmacology]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]; Laport et al., 2009 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (80 m depth, Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]; Ilha da Galé, 5-12 m depth, Lerner, 1996 [description]). Porto Belo (João da Cunha Island, 0.5 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1987 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S.A (Florida), Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Curaçao, Dominican Republic (Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1984; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002), Panama (Diaz, 2005), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record from Cabo de Santo Agostinho was not stated by the author; it was obtained from the label of the specimen YPM 8975. (2) The records of Santos et al. (2002b) from Itamaracá and Gaibu are not considered valid because they were based on unpublished conference abstracts. (3) Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Tedania ignis and Tedania vanhoffeni from Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro State, both probably actually referring to Tedania (Tedania) ignis; these records however are not considered valid here because they were based on unpublished academic works. P Tedania (Tedaniopsis) Dendy, 1924 For synonyms see van Soest (2002k). Type species: Tedaniopsis turbinata Dendy, 1924 (by monotypy). K Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni Hentschel, 1914 Tedania vanhöffeni Hentschel, 1914: 90; Koltun, 1964: 60 (non Tedania vanhoeffeni sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1985b: 233; Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 132 [= T. ignis]). Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoffeni, Mothes et al., 2004c: 58; Taxonomic List Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Calypso sta. 114; 23o04’S–44o14’W, 45 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Falklands (Topsent, 1913b), Argentina (Boury-Esnault, 1973; Cuartas, 1991; López-Gappa & Landoni, 2005), Chile (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1996; van Soest, 2002k), Antarctica (Koltun, 1964). REMARKS: The proposition of Mothes et al. (2000) to reassign this record to Tedania mucosa Thiele, 1905 is not followed here. Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355 (non Tedania vanhoffeni sensu Boury-Esnault, 1973; Hechtel, 1976 [= T. ignis]). TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes ZMH S-2314 (seven specimens, labelled as “originals”). TYPE LOCALITY: Antarctica (66°02’S–89°38’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Laguna (off Santa Marta Cape; 29o11.169’S–47o44.167’W, 420 m depth; Mothes et al., 2004c [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antarctica (Hentschel, 1914; Koltun, 1964). REMARKS: The occurrence of Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni in Brazil seems to be restricted to deep waters; all the shallow water records were reallocated to Tedania (Tedania) ignis (cf. Mothes et al., 2000). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: P Tedania (Trachytedania) Ridley, 1881 For synonyms see van Soest & Hooper (2002f). For synonyms see van Soest (2002k). Type species: Trachytedania spinata Ridley, 1881 (by monotypy). Family Tetillidae Sollas, 1886a For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002). ORDER SPIROPHORIDA BERGQUIST & HOGG, 1969 TOTAL OF: K 1973) (new combination) Trachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973: 281; Hechtel, 1976: 256; Cristobo & Urgorri, 2001: 572. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 974. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela (24o06’S–45o29’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela (Calypso sta. 136, 24o06’S–45o29’W, 48 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Cristobo & Urgorri, 2001 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as the holotype by monotypy the single original specimen deposited in the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002f), van Soest et al. (2011). E Acanthotetilla SPECIES: 12 Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata (Ridley, 1881) Trachytedania spinata Ridley, 1881: 122; Cristobo & Urgorri, 2001: 570. Tedania spinata, Koltun, 1964: 63; Cuartas, 1991: 50; LópezGappa & Landoni, 2005: 210. Tedania murdochi Topsent, 1913b: 629; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 283; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1996: 4; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161. Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata, van Soest, 2002k: 632. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH.1879.12.27.9. TYPE LOCALITY: Chile: Portland Bay. Burton, 1959 For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002). Type species: Acanthotetilla hemisphaerica Burton, 1959 (by monotypy). K Acanthotetilla rocasensis Peixinho, Fernandez, Oliveira, Caires & Hajdu, 2007 Acanthotetilla sp., Moraes et al., 2006: 166. Acanthotetilla rocasensis Peixinho et al., 2007: 510. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6359. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Peixinho et al., 2007 [original description]). Endemic from Brazil. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: K K GENERA: 5 Tedania (Trachytedania) biraphidora (Boury-Esnault, Acanthotetilla walteri Peixinho, Fernandez, Oliveira, Caires & Hajdu, 2007 Acanthotetilla walteri Peixinho et al., 2007: 512. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFBA-POR 1902. Paratypes UFBAPOR 1893-1901, 1903-1906, 2020-2038. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Camaçari. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Camaçari (22-35 m depth; Peixinho et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Cinachyra Sollas, 1886a 167 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002). Type species: Cinachyra barbata Sollas, 1886a (by monotypy). K Cinachyra helena Rodriguez & Muricy, 2007 Cinachyra sp. n., Muricy et al., 2006: 115. Cinachyra helena Rodriguez & Muricy, 2007: 548. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3635-C. Paratype MNRJ 3658-B. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: Off Linhares (19°17’S–37°57’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C2-20F; 19°17’S–37°57’W, 500 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Rodriguez & Muricy, 2007[original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. E Cinachyrella Wilson, 1925 For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002). Type species: Tetilla hirsuta Dendy, 1889 (by subsequent designation; Rützler, 1987). K Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) Cinachyra alloclada Uliczka, 1929: 41; Johnson, 1971: 112; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 183; Mothes de Moraes, 1980: 76; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Santos et al., 1999: 57. Trachygellius cinachyra de Laubenfels, 1936: 158. Cinachyra rhizophyta sensu Johnson, 1971: 112; Santos et al., 1999: 57 (non Cinachyra rhizophyta Uliczka, 1929 [= Cinachyrella apion]). Cinachyrella alloclada, Rützler, 1987: 200; Atta et al., 1989: 380; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler & Smith, 1992: 149; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Rodriguez et al., 1997: 1833; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 77; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 215; Lazoski et al., 1999: 300; LôboHajdu et al., 1999: 319; Santos et al., 1999: 56; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Alcolado, 2002: 58; Sarmento & Correia, 2002: 221; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Diaz, 2005: 470; Dresch et al., 2005: 17; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 35; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 6; Barradas et al., 2010: 63; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087. Cinachyrela alloclada, Silva et al., 2006: 137 (misspelling). Cinachirella alboclade, Costa et al., 2000: 314 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype ZMB-Por 4921 (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A.: Dry Tortugas (Florida State). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Sarmento & Correia, 2002 [ecology]; Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). 168 Bahia State: Locality not informed (Atta et al., 1989 [chemistry]). Camaçari (Costa et al., 2000 [ecology]). Salvador (Rodriguez et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Lazoski et al., 1999 [genetics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Cárdenas et al., 2009 [description]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Paraíba State: Locality not informed (Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Locality not informed (Dresch et al., 2005 [pharmacology]; Silva et al., 2006 [pharmacology]). Paulista (Hechtel, 1976 [biogeography]). Porto de Galinhas (Barradas et al., 2010 [ecology]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta. 213, 4o38.7100’S–36o44.6629’W, 52 m depth; Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Angra dos Reis (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Armação dos Búzios (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Parati (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (Mothes de Moraes, 1980 [description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ubatuba (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida); Bahamas, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Cuba, Jamaica, Curaçao, Costa Rica (Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Rützler & Smith, 1992; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas et al., 2009). REMARKS: (1) The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 9006. (2) The record of Cinachyrella alloclada from Recife by Santos et al. (2002b) was not considered valid because it was based on unpublished data (a conference abstract). K Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) Cinachyra apion Uliczka, 1929: 43; Hechtel, 1976: 253; van Soest & Sass, 1981: 340. Cinachyra rhizophyta Uliczka, 1929: 38. Cinachyrella apion, Rützler, 1987: 200; Rützler & Smith, 1992: 156; Rodriguez et al., 1997: 1833; Lazoski et al., 1999: 300; Rützler et al., 2000: 234; Diaz, 2005: 470; Moraes et Taxonomic List al., 2006: 166; Cedro et al., 2007: 234; Rodriguez, 2007a: 42; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 8; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010: 1087; Medeiros et al., 2010: 212. TYPE SPECIMENS: ZMB-Por 4911 (cf. Cárdenas et al., 2009). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Cedro et al., 2007 [ecology]; Correia & Sovierzoski, 2010 [ecology]). Bahia State: Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007a [description]). Salvador (Rodriguez et al., 1997 [chemistry]; Lazoski et al., 1999 [genetics]; intertidal, Cárdenas et al., 2009 [genetics]). Pernambuco State: Cabo de Santo Agostinho (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Extremoz (Medeiros et al., 2010 [pharmacology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Atlantic: Bermuda, U.S.A. (North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida). Caribbean: Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Colombia, Panama (van Soest & Sass, 1981; Rützler & Smith, 1992; Diaz, 2005; Cárdenas et al., 2009), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000). REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 8959. al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b [description]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE sta. C5-24R, 20.347oS–36.642oW, 55 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b [description]). Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A. (Florida, North Carolina), Bahamas, Cuba, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Barbados, Curaçao, Belize, Panama, Colombia (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Rützler & Smith, 1992; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Cárdenas et al., 2009), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: The precise locality of Hechtel’s (1976) record was not stated by the author; it was inferred from the label of the specimen YPM 8986. E Craniella For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002). Type species: Craniella tethyoides Schmidt, 1870 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). K K Cinachyrella kuekenthali (Uliczka, 1929) Cinachyra kükenthali Uliczka, 1929: 44; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; van Soest, 1993: 212. Cinachyra kukenthali, Hechtel, 1976: 253. Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 185; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 42; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Rützler & Smith, 1992: 154; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 77; Alcolado, 2002: 58; Muricy et al., 2006: 139; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Rodriguez, 2007b: 43; Muricy et al., 2008: 41; Cárdenas et al., 2009: 10. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype USNM 31491 (cf. Rützler & Smith, 1992). TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]; Rützler & Smith, 1992 [description]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Rodriguez, 2007b [description]). Off Abrolhos (REVIZEE sta. C5-7R, 16.117oS–38.170oW, 40 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Salvador (REVIZEE sta. C6-R4#1, 13.075oS–38.392oW, 90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et Schmidt, 1870 Craniella carteri Sollas, 1886 Craniella carteri Sollas, 1886a: 182; Sollas, 1888: 35; MelloLeitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 254. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1889.1.1.23 (Fig. 15C), 1894.11.16.61-63, 1894.11.16.66-67. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Sollas, 1886a [original description]; Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The type locality (off Salvador) was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). K Craniella corticata (Boury-Esnault, 1973) (new combination) Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973: 273; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 389. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027 (two specimens; Fig. 15D). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (8o19’S–34o39’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [original description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). 169 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Endemic from Brazil. (1) Boury-Esnault (1973) did not designate type specimens for this species. We designated here as syntypes the only two original specimens, deposited under the same register number in the MNHN collection. (2) Genus transfer based on van Soest & Rützler (2002), van Soest et al. (2011). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: REMARKS: K Craniella cranium (Müller, 1776) Tethya cranium Müller, 1776: 255; Carter, 1890: 566; Santos et al., 2002b: 391. Tethya cranium var. abyssorum Carter, 1876: 405. Tethya cranium var. infrequens Carter, 1876: 405. Craniella muelleri Vosmaer, 1885a: 6. Craniella cranium, Sollas, 1888: 51; Lévi, 1960: 746; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 54; Santos et al., 2002b: 388. Tetilla cranium, Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: North European seas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Carter, 1890 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Norway, United Kingdom, Azores, Canaries, Madeira, Senegal (West Africa), Barents Sea, U.S.A. Atlantic coast, Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Müller, 1776; Carter, 1876; Vosmaer, 1885a; Sollas, 1888; Lévi, 1960; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b). REMARKS: Carter’s (1890) description is very short and does not allow recognition of this species. This record is therefore considered as highly questionable by Moraes et al. (2006) and by us. K Craniella quirimure Peixinho, Cosme & Hajdu, 2005 Craniella quirimure Peixinho et al., 2005: 33. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype UFBA 1812-POR. Paratypes MNRJ 601, 8417, UFBA-POR 161, 212, 222, 252, 254, 262, 999, 1776, 1811, 1888. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Jaguaripe. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Itaparica (Peixinho et al., 2005 [original description]). Jaguaripe (intertidal, Peixinho et al., 2005 [original description]). Maraú (Camamu Bay; Peixinho et al., 2005 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Some register numbers of the paratypes include several specimens. E Tetilla 170 Schmidt, 1868 For synonyms see van Soest & Rützler (2002). Type species: Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868 (by monotypy). K Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868 Tetilla euplocamos Schmidt, 1868: 40; van Soest & Rützler, 2002: 97. Tetilla euplocamus, Selenka, 1879: 469; Sollas, 1888: 45; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 16; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161 [misspelling]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MZUS PO-206 (fragment deposited in ZMB-Por 7165; slide in BMNH 1868.3.2.32). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro (Selenka, 1879 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Florianópolis (Schmidt, 1868 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: (1) The slides of the holotype of T. euplocamos are insufficient to characterize this species, which may therefore be considered as unrecognizable. Furthermore, Selenka’s (1879) material from Rio de Janeiro seems to be lost, making this record questionable (cf. Santos & Hajdu, 2003). (2) The type locality, Destêrro, is the old name of Santa Catarina State capital Florianópolis; it is not in Rio de Janeiro as stated by van Soest & Rützler (2002). K Tetilla radiata Selenka, 1879 Tetilla radiata Selenka, 1879: 468; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 17; Hechtel, 1976: 255; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 161; Santos & Hajdu, 2003: 637; Prado et al., 2004: 129; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 34. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 7106 (Santos & Hajdu, 2003). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: State not informed: Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo (Prado et al., 2004 [pharmacology]). Rio de Janeiro state: Rio de Janeiro (Selenka, 1879 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Sepetiba (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Santos & Hajdu, 2003 [description]). São Sebastião (Santos & Hajdu, 2003 [description]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ubatuba (10 m depth, Santos & Hajdu, 2003 [description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Taxonomic List Endemic from Brazil. Junqueira et al. (2004) recorded Tetilla radiata from Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, but this record is not considered valid here because it was based on unpublished academic studies. WORLD DISTRIBUTION: REMARKS: Family Samidae Sollas, 1888 TOTAL OF: E Samus GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Gray, 1867a Type species: Samus anonymus Gray, 1867a (by monotypy). K Samus anonymus Gray, 1867 Samus anonyma Gray, 1867a: 526; de Laubenfels, 1950a: 130; van Soest, 1993: 212. Samus anonymus, Sollas, 1888: 57; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 15; Hechtel, 1976: 254; van Soest & Hooper, 2002g: 100. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.221 (slide; cf. van Soest & Hooper, 2002g). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador (Sollas, 1888 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; van Soest & Hooper, 2002g [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Sri Lanka, Singapore, U.S.A. (Florida), Palau Islands, West Africa, Seychelles, the Mediterranean, Colombia, Curaçao (van Soest & Hooper, 2002g), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Tropical West Africa (van Soest, 1993). REMARKS: (1) The locality “off Salvador” was referred to as “off Bahia” by the H.M.S. Challenger crew (cf. Introduction). (2) This is probably a complex of sibling species rather than a single cosmopolitan species (van Soest & Hooper, 2002g). ORDER VERONGIDA BERGQUIST, 1978 Family Aplysinidae Carter, 1875 For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c). TOTAL OF: E Aiolochroia GENERA: 3 SPECIES: 17 Wiedenmayer, 1977 For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c). Type species: Dendrospongia crassa Hyatt, 1875: 401 (by monotypy). K Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) Dendrospongia crassa Hyatt, 1875: 401; Wilson, 1902: 409. Aplysina crassa, Lendenfeld, 1889: 423 (in part). Verongia crassa, de Laubenfels, 1948: 86 (in part). Ianthella ianthella de Laubenfels, 1949: 7; Johnson, 1971: 106; Santos et al., 1999: 57. Ianthella ardis de Laubenfels, 1950a: 31; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 2002b: 398. Pseudoceratina crassa, Bergquist & Hartman, 1969: 250; Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309; Bergquist, 1980: 494; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 186; Zea, 1987: 63; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 138; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Santos et al., 2002b: 398. Verongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973: 289; Hechtel, 1976: 252 (synonyms after Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001). Aiolochroia crassa, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 75; van Soest, 1978: 64; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996: 79; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 98; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999: 319; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Bergquist & Cook, 2002c: 1084; Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 125; Diaz, 2005: 468; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim, 2007b: 44; Muricy et al., 2008: 123; Lira et al., 2010: 158. Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 24 [non Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)]. Aplysina janusi, Santos et al., 2002b: 398. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1887.7.11.39. TYPE LOCALITY: Nassau. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007b [description]). Off Abrolhos (REVIZEE stations C2-16R, 18.023oS–37.365oW, 53 m depth; C5-16R, 18.059oS–37.315oW, 100 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C5-7R, 16.117oS–38.70oW, 40 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Boipeba (REVIZEE sta. C5-2R, 13.646oS–38.742oW, 55 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Hotspur Seamount (REVIZEE stations C214R, 17.797oS–35.881oW, 63 m depth; C5-14R, 17.800oS– 35.875oW, 60 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Ilhéus (REVIZEE sta. C5-4R, 14.808oS–38.917oW, 20 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C2-10R, 17.098oS–36.752oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rodgers Seamount (REVIZEE stations C2-11R, 17.066oS– 36.808oW, 50 m depth; C5-10R, 17.103oS–36.741oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Paraíba State: Off Pitimbu 171 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera (Calypso sta. 1, 7o29’S–34o30’W, 45 m depth; BouryEsnault, 1973 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Recife (27-33 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S– 34o39’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 24, 8o23’S–34o42’W, 51 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (Calypso sta. 8, 3o51’S–33o50’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Neves & Omena, 2003 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007b [description]). Trindade Island (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C534R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [checklist]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE stations C2-23R, 20.483oS–36.100oW, 60 m depth; C2-24R, 20.351oS–36.637oW, 62 m depth; C228R, 19.813oS–37.943oW, 54 m depth; C2-32R, 20.673oS– 37.710oW, 54 m depth; C2-44R, 20.857oS–33.643oW, 65 m depth; C2-45R, 20.951oS–34.006oW, 125 m depth; C246R, 20.676oS–34.589oW, 108 m depth; C2-47R, 20.614oS– 34.894oW, 60 m depth; C5-21R, 20.704oS–35.704oW, 57.5 m depth; C5-23R, 20.487oS–36.103oW, 55 m depth; C524R, 20.347oS–36.642oW, 55 m depth; C5-28R, 19.808oS– 37.939oW, 60 m depth; C5-44R, 20.857oS–33.636oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007b [description]). Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [checklist]). Off São Francisco de Itabapoana (REVIZEE sta. C5-36R, 21.500oS–40.300oW, 52 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados, Cuba, Curaçao, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S.A. (Florida), Venezuela, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Panama, Bonaire, Colombia, Jamaica, Dominican Republic (Wilson, 1902; de Laubenfels, 1950a; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; PulitzerFinali, 1986; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1996, 1998; Rützler et al., 2000; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: The precise locality and depth of Hechtel’s (1976) 172 record were not indicated by the author, who stated only “Recife and Viccinities”, an area ranging from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas states. It was obtained through the labels of the specimens YPM 5722, 5735, 9002, 9013 and 9015. E Aplysina Nardo, 1834 For synonyms see Bergquist & Cook (2002c). Type species: Aplysina aerophoba Schmidt, 1862 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1948). K Aplysina alcicornis Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007 Aplysina alcicornis Pinheiro et al., 2007: 29. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5473. Paratypes MNRJ 5472, 5474. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos (12 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 Aplysina fistularis fulva sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 133 [non Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)]. Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 57; Lerner, 1996: 115 [non Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)]. Aplysina caissara Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 145; Custódio et al., 2002: 209; Saeki et al., 2002: 798; Mothes et al., 2003: 45; Berlinck et al., 2004: 517; Pinheiro et al., 2004b: 528; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Lira et al., 2006: 1235; Mothes et al., 2006c: 76; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 84; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 3; Azevedo et al., 2008: 37; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 1988. Paratypes MNRJ 268, 578, 1673, 1675, 1989, 2013. Schizoholotype BMNH 1999.10.6.1. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ilhabela (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). São Sebastião (2-11 m depth, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]; Custódio et al., 2002 [cell biology]; Saeki et al., 2002 [chemistry]; Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Lira et al., 2006 [chemistry]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; 2-11 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Ubatuba (2 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]). Arvoredo Island (7 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Azevedo et Taxonomic List al., 2008 [pharmacology]). Bombinhas (Mothes & Lerner, 1994 [description]; Ilha da Galé, 6-12 m depth, Lerner, 1996 [description]; 0.5-3.0 m depth, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; 8-12 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Porto Belo (Ilha João da Cunha, 0.5-3 m depth, Mothes de Moraes, 1987 [description]; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [original description]; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil (Paulista Biogeographic Province). K Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882) Luffaria cauliformis Carter, 1882a: 268. Verongia cauliformis, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309. Aplysina cauliformis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 68; van Soest, 1978: 62; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 182; Zea, 1987: 57; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 98; Muricy & Moraes, 1998: 216; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Diaz, 2005: 468; Rogers et al., 2005: 895; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 83; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Oliveira et al., 2006b: 438; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim, 2007c: 45; Muricy et al., 2008: 116; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 8; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846. Verongia longissima sensu de Laubenfels, 1953: 515; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 21; Johnson, 1971: 105; Hechtel, 1965: 13; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 1999: 57. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1939.3.24.76, 1939.3.24.2. TYPE LOCALITIES: Antigua and Bahamas (Nassau). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]). Abrolhos (Parcel das Paredes, 15 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Abrolhos Archipelago, 30 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; 10 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Off Belmonte (REVIZEE sta. C6-R3#1, 15.828oS–38.607oW, 83 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Porto Seguro (Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Prado (Corumbau, 3 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Off Salvador (REVIZEE sta. C6-R4#1, 13.075oS–38.392oW, 90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, Rogers et al., 2005 [chemistry]; 12°57.7’S–38°31.1’W, Oliveira et al., 2006b [pharmacology]). Santo Antonio Seamount, 60 m depth (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Ceará State: Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). Pernambuco State: Serinhaém (Ilha de Santo Aleixo, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Tamandaré (Muricy & Moraes, 1998 [faunistics]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). Southeast Region: State not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]). Off Guarapari (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633oS–40.025oW, 53.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória Trindade Seamounts Chain (Vitória Bank, 80 m depth; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Dogaresa Seamount, 29o44’28”S–31o50’03”W, 65 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007c [description]). Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]; 100 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). São Paulo State: São Sebastião (de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Cuba, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Belize, Panama, Bonaire, Colombia, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1953; Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Alvarez et al., 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: The precise localities of the collection sites in Brazil (Abrolhos Archipelago, Santo Antonio Seamount, Vitória Seamount) were not indicated by Hechtel (1976). They were obtained through the labels of specimens YPM 8953, 8955, 8965 and 8992 (as Verongia longissima). (2) Pinheiro et al. (2007) erroneously stated that the Almirante Saldanha Seamount is in Espírito Santo State. K Aplysina cristagallus Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007 Aplysina cristagallus Pinheiro et al., 2007: 30. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3528. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Prado (Corumbau district). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Prado (Corumbau, 8 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766) 173 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Spongia fistularis Pallas, 1766: 385. Aplysina fistularis, Lendenfeld, 1889: 422; Topsent, 1932: 71; van Soest, 1978: 55; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Schmahl, 1990: 379; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 97; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Bezerra & Coelho, 2006: 701; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 10; Muricy et al., 2008: 117; Gandolfi et al., 2010: 1854; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Silva et al., 2010: 889 (non Aplysina fistularis sensu Muricy, 1989: 351; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187 [= A. fulva]). Verongia fistularis, de Laubenfels, 1950a: 17; de Laubenfels, 1953: 515; de Laubenfels, 1956: 2; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 21; Hechtel, 1965: 12; Hechtel, 1976: 252; Santos et al., 1999: 57. Verongia fistularis f. fistularis, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309. Aplysina fistularis forma fistularis, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 64. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNHN.LBIM.D.T 598 (Pinheiro et al., 2007). TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico (Pinheiro et al., 2007). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago (10 m depth, Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; 15 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Prado (Corumbau; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay; Gandolfi et al., 2010 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Silva et al., 2010 [chemistry]). Ceará State: Near Camocim (5-7 m depth, de Laubenfels, 1956 [faunistics]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]). Fortaleza (Bezerra & Coelho, 2006 [ecology]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]). Off Recife (20 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Wiedenmayer, 1977), U.S.A. (Florida; Schmahl, 1990), Jamaica (Hechtel, 1965; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Bermuda (de Laubenfels, 1950a), Venezuela (Alvarez et al., 1990), Belize (Rützler et al., 2000), Bonaire (Kobluk & van Soest, 1989), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002), Puerto Rico, Cozumel, Colombia (San Andres), Turks & Caicos, Curaçao (cf. Pinheiro et al., 2007). REMARKS: (1) The precise localities of the collection sites in Pernambuco (Recife) and Bahia States (Abrolhos Archipelago) were not indicated by Hechtel (1976); they 174 were obtained through the labels of specimens YPM 8990 and 8999. (2) It is uncertain if the record of Pallas is from Brazil or elsewhere in the West Atlantic, as he only mentioned “Mare Americanum”. However, as the neotype was designated from Puerto Rico (Pinheiro et al., 2007), we assume it was collected in the Caribbean. K Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766) Spongia fulva Pallas, 1766: 383. Verongia fulva, de Laubenfels, 1936: 22; Johnson, 1971: 105; Boury-Esnault, 1973: 288; Hechtel, 1976: 253; Santos et al., 1999: 57. Verongia fistularis f. fulva, Collette & Rützler, 1977: 309. Aplysina fistularis fulva, van Soest, 1978: 57; Santos et al., 1999: 56 (non Aplysina fistularis fulva sensu Mothes de Moraes, 1987: 133 [= Aplysina caissara]). Aplysina fistularis forma fulva, Wiedenmayer, 1977: 66; SoléCava et al., 1981: 134. Verongia sp. samples I-III, Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979: 634 (cf. Kelecom, 1997: 326). Aplysina fistularis, Muricy, 1989: 351 [non Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766)]. Aplysina fulva, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 185; Zea, 1987: 54; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989: 1211; Muricy et al., 1991: 1187; Muricy et al., 1993: 429; Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 24; Secchin, 1995: 77; Zierer et al., 1995: 234; LôboHajdu et al., 1999: 319; Muricy & Silva, 1999: 160; Santos et al., 1999: 56; Rützler et al., 2000: 239; Pereira et al., 2002: 312; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 149; Santos et al., 2002b: 398; Berlinck et al., 2004: 517; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004: 415; Pinheiro et al., 2004b: 528; Santos et al., 2004: 590; Vilanova et al., 2004: 652; Diaz, 2005: 468; Aiub et al., 2006: 34; Batista et al., 2006: 142; Moraes et al., 2006: 166; Mothes et al., 2006a: 669; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006: 83; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim, 2007d: 46; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 14; Salgado et al., 2007: 556; Muricy et al., 2008: 118; Nuñez et al., 2008: 284; Hardoim et al., 2009: 3332; Vilanova et al., 2009: 865; Amaral et al., 2010: 27; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846; Lira et al., 2010: 158; Silva et al., 2010: 889 (non Aplysina fulva sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993: 24 [= Aiolochroia crassa]; non Aplysina fulva sensu Lerner, 1996: 115; Mothes & Lerner, 1994: 57 [= Aplysina caissara]). Aplysina aff. cauliformis, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001: 154 (cf. Pinheiro et al., 2007). Aplysina sp., Vaske-Júnior, 2010: 46. TYPE SPECIMENS: Neotype MNRJ 7975 (Pinheiro et al., 2007). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Armação dos Búzios (Pinheiro et al., 2007). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: State not informed Taxonomic List (Amapá or Pará (Collette & Rützler, 1977 [faunistics]). Amapá State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Off the mouth of the Amazon River (02°34’02”N–47°54’05”W, 78 m depth; Mothes et al., 2006a [description]). Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Marechal Deodoro (1 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Bahia State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007d [description]). Abrolhos (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979 [chemistry]; Parcel das Paredes, 10 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Abrolhos Archipelago, Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999 [genetics]; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004 [genetics]). Itacaré (Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 15 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Itaparica (Coroa de Pedra, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 2-4 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Nova Viçosa (Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]). Off Prado (Corumbau District; Calypso sta. 76, 16o47’S–38o53’W, 27 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Prado (Corumbau, 1-22 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry]; Silva et al., 2010 [chemistry]). Off Trancoso (REVIZEE sta. C-72, 16o34’01.55”S–38o46’18.20”W, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]). Valença (Morro de São Paulo, 13 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Off Valença (Calypso sta. 66, 13o28’S–38o50’W, 37 m depth; Calypso sta. 67, 13o28’S– 38o48’W, 39 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Ceará State: Off Beberibe (REVIZEE NE sta. 208, 3o54.5172’S–37o38.0082’W, 43.5 m depth; sta. 210, 3o50.5598’S–37o37.6930’W, 166 m depth; Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Canoa Quebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Fortaleza (Johnson, 1971 [description]; Santos et al., 1999 [checklist]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Mothes & Bastian, 1993 [description]; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; 12 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Off Recife (Calypso sta. 22, 8o15’S– 34o42’W, 75 m depth; Calypso sta. 23, 8o19’S–34o39’W, 75 m depth; Boury-Esnault, 1973 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Amaral et al., 2010 [faunistics]; Lira et al., 2010 [faunistics]). Serinhaém (Ilha de Santo Aleixo, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]). Tamandaré (Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (off Porto do Mangue, REVIZEE NE sta. 213, 4o38.7100’S–36o44.6629’W, 52 m depth; sta. 215, 4o38.4941’S–36o42.9565’W, 77.5 m depth; Santos et al., 1999 [faunistics]; Urca do Tubarão, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007d [description]). Guarapari (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979 [chemistry]; 20o36’S–40o23’W, Solé-Cava et al., 1981 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Off Guarapari (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633oS– 40.025oW, 53.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Rio de Janeiro state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]; Muricy & Heim, 2007d [description]). Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y2, 22.382oS–37.588oW, 270 m depth, Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Angra dos Reis (Ilha Grande; Secchin, 1995 [faunistics]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology]; Vilanova et al., 2004 [ecology]; 2-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Armação dos Búzios (Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; 2-7 m depth, Aiub et al., 2006 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Salgado et al., 2007 [genetics]; Hardoim et al., 2009 [microbiology]; Vilanova et al., 2009 [biochemistry]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Arraial do Cabo (Muricy, 1989 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1991 [ecology]; Muricy et al., 1993 [pharmacology]; Muricy & Silva, 1999 [checklist]; Pereira et al., 2002 [chemical ecology]; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology]; Batista et al., 2006 [chemical ecology]; 2-10 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). Cabo Frio (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979 [chemistry]). São Paulo State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Hajdu, 2006 [description]). Ilhabela (6-8 m depth, Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). São Sebastião (0.5-8 m depth; Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001 [description]; Pinheiro et al., 2004b [cytology]; Santos et al., 2004 [interactive key]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]; Nuñez et al., 2008 [chemistry]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Bahamas, U.S.A. (Florida), 175 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Cuba, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Barbados, Belize, Curaçao, Bonaire, Panama (Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Kobluk & van Soest, 1989; Rützler et al., 2000; Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: It is uncertain if the record of Pallas is from Brazil or elsewhere in the Western Atlantic, as he only mentioned “Mare Americanum” (American Seas). However, as the neotype was designated from Rio de Janeiro State (Pinheiro et al., 2007), we assumed it was collected in the SW Atlantic along the Brazilian coast. K Aplysina insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Luffaria insularis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 64. Aplysina fistularis forma fistularis sensu Wiedenmayer, 1977: 64 (in part, only specimen B877; non A. fistularis (Pallas, 1766); cf. Pinheiro et al., 2007). Aplysina fistularis insularis, van Soest, 1978: 56. Aplysina insularis, Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 184; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 21 (non A. insularis sensu Zea, 1987). Aplysina insulares, Diaz, 2005: 468 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype ZMAPOR 1475. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Bahia State: Abrolhos (Parcel das Paredes, 15 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, U.S.A. (Florida), Jamaica, Saba Bank, Bonaire, Panama (Hechtel, 1965; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Diaz, 2005). K Aplysina lactuca Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007 Aplysina lactuca Pinheiro et al., 2007: 33; Muricy et al., 2008: 120. Aplysina cf. lactuca, Silva et al., 2010: 889. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5477. Paratypes MNRJ 5276, 5278. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos (Abrolhos Archipelago). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos (Abrolhos Archipelago, 10 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Prado (Corumbau, 5 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay; Silva et al., 2010 [chemistry]). CEARÁ State: Fortaleza (Parque Estadual da Pedra da Risca do Meio, 22 m depth; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814) 176 Spongia lacunosa Lamarck, 1814: 434. ?Verongia tenuissima, Poléjaeff, 1884: 71. Verongia lacunosa, de Laubenfels, 1953: 515. Verongia sp. a sensu Hechtel, 1976: 239; Hechtel, 1983: 59. Aplysina lacunosa, Topsent, 1932: 70; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 67; van Soest, 1978: 61; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 182; Zea, 1987: 59; Alvarez et al., 1990: 362; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 98; Rocha et al., 2000: 455; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Johnsson, 2002: 252; Diaz, 2005: 468; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Muricy & Heim, 2007e: 47; Pinheiro et al., 2007: 25; Muricy et al., 2008: 121. Aplysina archeri sensu Lendenfeld, 1889: 413; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354 [non Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)]. Verongia fistularis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 256 [non Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766); non Verongia fistularis sensu Hechtel, 1976: 252]. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype MNHN unregistered (Wiedenmayer, 1977; Pinheiro et al., 2007). TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown (cf. Topsent, 1932). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Maragogi (Barra Grande, 730 m depth; Poléjaeff, 1884 [description]; Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Bahia State: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007e [description]). Abrolhos (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]; California Reefs, Johnsson, 2002 [ecology]). Off Abrolhos (REVIZEE stations C2-16R, 18.023oS–37.365oW, 53 m depth; C5-7R, 16.117oS–38.170oW, 40 m depth; C516R, 18.059oS–37.315oW, 100 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Canavieiras (REVIZEE sta. C5-5R, 15.568oS–38.830oW, 20 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Hotspur Seamount (REVIZEE stations C2-15R, 18.023oS–35.891oW, 60 m depth; C514R, 17.800oS–35.875oW, 60 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C2-10R, 17.098oS–36.752oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Porto Seguro (50 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Prado (Corumbau, 2 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Rodgers Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C5-10R, 17.103oS–36.741oW, 50 m depth, Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; 40-50 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Ceará State: Canoa Quebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Paraíba State: Locality not informed (Rocha et al., 2000 [ecology]). Pernambuco State: Recife (Hechtel, 1976 [zoogeography]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Locality not informed (Rocha et al., 2000 [ecology]). Potiguar Basin (Muricy et al., 2008 [description]. Southeast Taxonomic List Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Muricy & Heim, 2007e [description]). Off Guarapari (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y4, 20.633oS–40.025oW, 53.5 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Itaúnas (REVIZEE sta. C2-18R, 18.594oS–37.913oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Linhares (REVIZEE sta. C6-A1, 19.732oS–38.365oW, 72.3 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C534R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE stations C2-22R, 20.511oS–35.838oW, 59 m depth; C2-29R, 19.800oS–37.773oW, 58 m depth; C5-21R, 20.704oS–35.704oW, 57.5 m depth; C5-28R, 19.808oS– 37.939oW, 60 m depth; C5-45R, 20.678oS–34.584oW, 108 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: U.S.A. (Florida), Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Curaçao, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela (de Laubenfels, 1953; Wiedenmayer, 1977; van Soest, 1978; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986; Zea, 1987; Alvarez et al., 1990; Schmahl, 1990; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998; Alcolado, 2002; Diaz, 2005). REMARKS: (1) The record of Poléjaeff (1884, as Verongia tenuissima) was from “off Barra Grande”, a beach in Maragogi, Alagoas State. (2) The precise localities of the records of Hechtel (1976) from Recife and Abrolhos were not stated by him; they were inferred from the labels of specimens YPM IZ 8990 and 8999, respectively. (3) Pinheiro & Hajdu (2001) synonymized with some hesitation the Brazilian records of Aplysina archeri to A. lacunosa. K Aplysina lingua Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007 Aplysina lingua Pinheiro et al., 2007: 35. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5476. Paratype MNRJ 5469. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos (Parcel das Paredes, 10-18 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Aplysina muricyana Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007 Aplysina sp., Moraes et al., 2003: 17; Neves & Omena, 2003: 124. Aplysina sp. n., Moraes et al., 2006: 166. Aplysina muricyana Pinheiro et al., 2007: 36; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Moraes, 2009: 359; Lamarão et al., 2010: 846. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 6196. Paratypes MNRJ 2139, 2168, 2173 (Fig. 15E), 6195, 6197-6205, 6364, 6663. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza (Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas (3-15 m depth; Moraes et al., 2003 [ecology]; Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]; Moraes, 2009 [ecology]; Lamarão et al., 2010 [genetics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Aplysina orthoreticulata Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007 Aplysina orthoreticulata Pinheiro et al., 2007: 39. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4651. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Belmonte (16o07’30”S–38o10’52”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte (16o07’30”S–38o10’52”W, 40 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Aplysina pergamentacea Hechtel, 1983 Verongia sp. b., Hechtel, 1976: 253. Aplysina pergamentacea Hechtel, 1983: 61; Santos et al., 2002b: 398. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype YPM 9004 (Fig. 15F). Paratype YPM 9005. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Pernambuco State: Recife. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife (5 m depth, Hechtel, 1983 [original description]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Pinheiro et al., 2007 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: Pinheiro et al. (2007) considered with hesitation this species as valid and suggested that it could be a morphotype of Aplysina fulva. K Aplysina pseudolacunosa Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007 Aplysina pseudolacunosa Pinheiro et al., 2007: 41. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 5478. Paratypes MNRJ 4581, 4665, 5461. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Abrolhos. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos (18 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Off Boipeba (55 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Off Canavieiras (15o34.08’S–038o49.81’W, 20 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Royal Charlotte Seamount (40 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Ceará State: Canoa Quebrada (25 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Pernambuco State: Recife (20 m depth, 177 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Vitória (50 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (108 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Aplysina solangeae Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007 Aplysina sp., Kossuga et al., 2007: 44. Aplysina solangeae Pinheiro et al., 2007: 44; Ferreira et al., 2007: 314; Silva et al., 2010: 889. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 4173 (Fig. 15G). Paratype MNRJ 2578. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Salvador. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador (Kossuga et al., 2007 [chemistry]; 3-5 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]; Silva et al., 2010 [chemistry]). Ceará State: Fortaleza (22 m depth, Pinheiro et al., 2007 [original description]; Pedra da Risca do Meio State Park, 20 m depth, Ferreira et al., 2007 [pharmacology]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. (Moraes et al., 2006 [biogeography]; REVIZEE sta. C549R, 20.519oS–29.351oW, 57 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Ehrlich et al., 2010 [biochemistry]). Off Vitória (REVIZEE sta. C5-34R, 20.402oS–39.923oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (REVIZEE stations C2-33R, 20.584oS–38.082oW, 55 m depth; C2-44R, 20.857oS– 33.643oW, 65 m depth; C5-21R, 20.704oS–35.704oW, 57.5 m depth; C5-23R, 20.487oS–36.103oW, 55 m depth; C524R, 20.347oS–36.642oW, 55 m depth; C5-33R, 20.573oS– 38.059oW, 55 m depth; C5-44R, 20.857oS–33.636oW, 65 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas (Hyatt, 1875; Wiedenmayer, 1977), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest, 1998), Cuba (Alcolado, 1976, 2002), Dominican Republic (PulitzerFinali, 1986). CLASS HEXACTINELLIDA SCHMIDT, 1870 For synonyms see Reiswig (2002a). SUBCLASS AMPHIDISCOPHORA SCHULZE, 1886 ORDER AMPHIDISCOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1924 For synonyms see Reiswig (2002b). E Verongula Verrill, 1907 Aplysina praetexta Hyatt, 1875 (by subsequent designation; de Laubenfels, 1936). Type species: Family Hyalonematidae Gray, 1857 For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a). TOTAL OF: K GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 3 Verongula gigantea (Hyatt, 1875) Aplysina gigantea Hyatt, 1875: 405. Aplysina praetexta Hyatt, 1875: 405. Aplysina compressa Carter, 1882a: 270. Verongula gigantea, Verrill, 1907: 332; Wiedenmayer, 1977: 76; Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 185; Lehnert & van Soest, 1998: 98; Alcolado, 2002: 71; Granato et al., 2005: 193; Moraes et al., 2006: 169; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Hajdu & Costa, 2007a: 48; Ehrlich et al., 2010: 1463. Fasciospongia compressa Alcolado, 1976: 3. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes MCZ 7004, 7031. TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas: Nassau. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: State not informed (Berlinck et al., 2004 [chemistry]). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Hajdu & Costa, 2007a [description]). Minerva Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C512R, 17.042oS–37.608oW, 50 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Off Salvador (REVIZEE sta. C6R4#1, 13.075oS–38.392oW, 90 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Locality not informed (Granato et al., 2005 [chemistry]; Hajdu & Costa, 2007a [description]). Off Piúma (REVIZEE sta. C6-Y7, 20.849oS–40.167oW, 75 m depth; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Trindade Island 178 E Hyalonema Gray, 1832 For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a). Type species: Hyalonema sieboldi Gray, 1835 (by monotypy). P Hyalonema (Coscinonema) Ijima, 1927 For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a). Type species: Hyalonema (Coscinonema) kirkpatricki Ijima, 1927 (by original designation). K Hyalonema (Coscinonema) schmidti Schulze, 1899 Hyalonema schmidti Schulze, 1899: 6; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 4; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. Hyalonema (Coscinonema) schmidti, Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1243. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes USNM 7561, 7562. TYPE LOCALITY: West of Montserrat (16o54’N–63o12’W) and Brazil: Ceará State: Off Fortaleza. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Off Fortaleza (3o22’S–37o49’W, 763 m depth; Schulze, 1899 [original description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Montserrat (Schulze, 1899). Taxonomic List P Hyalonema (Cyliconema) Ijima, 1927 For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a). Type species: Hyalonema (Cyliconema) apertum Schulze, 1886 (by original designation). E Pheronema K K Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009 Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1244. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 10093. Paratypes MNRJ 3342, MNHN.H.CL 1500 (KT fr387). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (22o20’58.676”S–39o59’17.914”W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Valença (13o22.173’S–038o36.566’W, 750 m depth; Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original description]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (20o26.39’S–36o41.66’W, 750 m depth; Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (22o20’58.676”S– 39o59’17.914”W, 850 m depth (Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. REMARKS: The coordinates of the collection sites off Valença and in Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain were deduced from those originally published (13o22’173”S– 38o36’566”W and 20o26’39”S–36o41’66”W, respectively; Tabachnick et al., 2009), which are obviously wrong. P Hyalonema (Prionema) Lendenfeld, 1915 For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002a). Type species: Hyalonema (Prionema) agujanum Lendenfeld, 1915 (by subsequent designation; Ijima, 1927). K Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei Tabachnick, Leidy, 1868 For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002b). Type species: Pheronema annae Leidy, 1868 (by monotypy). Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869) Holtenia carpenteri Thomson, 1869: 120; du Bocage, 1871: 69. Pheronema grayi Kent, 1870: 182; Topsent, 1892a: 29; Topsent, 1904b: 29; Arnesen, 1920: 12; Vacelet, 1960: 259; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 19. Pheronema carpenteri, Kent, 1870: 243; Gray, 1870: 310; Marshall, 1876: 130; Schulze, 1886: 64; Schulze, 1887: 241; Schulze, 1893: 532; Schulze, 1904: 50; Burton, 1928b: 14; Burton, 1954: 217; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 4; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. TYPE SPECIMENS: Lectotype BMNH 1890.4.10.20. Paralectotype BMNH 1890.4.10.19. TYPE LOCALITY: Faroe Islands, off NW Scotland. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Maceió (10º11’S–35º22’W, 2928 m depth; Schulze, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Indian Ocean (Schulze, 1904), NW of Scotland (Thomson, 1869), Ireland, Portugal (du Bocage, 1871; Kent, 1870), Azores (Topsent, 1892a), N Africa, Canary Islands (Arnesen, 1920), Mediterranean (Vacelet, 1960), Alboran Sea, Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b). REMARKS: Reiswig & Champagne (1995) suggested that the Brazilian fragments should be referred to as Pheronema sp., pending their careful re-examination for more informed placement. According to Tabachnick (2002b) the specimens of P. carpenteri collected off Brazil and described by Schulze (1887) may be a new species, but they still wait for revision. Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009 Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1245. TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype MNHN.H.CL 1507 (KT fr335). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (18o58’S–37o49’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (18o58’S–37 o49’W, 600-637 m depth; Tabachnick et al., 2009 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. SUBCLASS HEXASTEROPHORA SCHULZE, 1886 ORDER HEXACTINOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1903 For synonyms see Reiswig (2002c). Family Aphrocallistidae Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Reiswig (2002d). TOTAL OF: TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 SPECIES: 3 (1 recent + 2 fossil) E Aphrocallistes Family Pheronematidae Gray, 1870 For synonyms see Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002b). GENERA: 1 Gray, 1858 For synonyms see Reiswig (2002d). Type species: Aphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858 (by monotypy). K Aphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858 179 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Aphrocallistes beatrix Gray, 1858: 114; Arnesen, 1920: 10; Ijima, 1927: 286; Schulze, 1887: 305; Burton, 1954: 218; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 28; Reiswig, 2002d: 1283; Lopes et al., 2005: 45; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Lopes, 2007a: 49. Iphiteon beatrix, Bowerbank, 1869: 75. Aphrocallistes bocagei Wright, 1870: 4. Aphrocallistes ramosus Schulze, 1886: 75; Schulze, 1887: 319. Aphrocallistes beatrix orientalis Ijima, 1916: 173. Aphrocallistes jejuensis Sim & Kim, 1988: 29. TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype BMNH 1842.11.30.12. TYPE LOCALITY: India: Malacca. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Off Linhares (19º50’S–38º20’W to 20º04’S–38º27’W, 659-675m depth; REVIZEE sta. C2-20F, 19.296ºS– 37.954ºW, 500 m depth; Lopes et al., 2005 [description]; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]; Lopes, 2007a [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Off Mangaratiba (REVIZEE Central, RJ II cruise, sta. 9, 24.365ºS–43.602ºW, 640 m depth; Lopes et al., 2005 [description]; Lopes, 2007a [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: NE Atlantic (Topsent, 1892a), IberoMoroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b), Caribbean (Schmidt, 1880), NW Pacific (Schulze, 1887), Indonesia (Ijima, 1916), India (Gray, 1858; Reiswig, 2002d). REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2006) erroneously stated that Aphrocallistes beatrix was collected in REVIZEE sta. C2-37F (Almirante Saldanha Seamount; cf. Lopes et al., 2005; Lopes, 2007a; Vieira et al., 2010). †Fossil Aphrocallistidae K †Aphrocallistes estevoui Termier & Termier in Ott d’Estevou et al., 1981 Aphrocallistes sp., Ott d’Estevou & Termier, 1978: 316. Lefroyella sp., Ott d’Estevou & Termier, 1978: 316. Aphrocallistes estevoui Termier & Termier in Ott d’Estevou et al., 1981: 64; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 427; Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997: 23. TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (not informed). TYPE LOCALITY: Sorbas, Spain (Tortonian period). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: São João de Pirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain, Miocene (Ott d’Estevou et al., 1981; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986). K †Aphrocallistes lobata (Pomel, 1872) Badinskia lobata Pomel, 1872: 85. Aphrocallistes lobata, Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 427; Ferreira 180 & Fernandes, 1997: 23. Unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: SE Spain (Tortonian period). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: São João de Pirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain, Miocene (Pomel, 1872; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986). TYPE SPECIMENS: Family Dactylocalycidae Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Reiswig (2002e). TOTAL OF: E Dactylocalyx GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 Stutchbury, 1841 For synonyms see Reiswig (2002e). Type species: Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841 (by monotypy). K Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841 Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841: 87; Gray, 1867a: 506; Carter, 1873a: 357; Sollas, 1879: 123; Schulze, 1887: 348; Reid, 1957: 821; Mothes de Moraes, 1977: 42; van Soest & Stentoft, 1988: 10; Alcolado, 2002: 55; Reiswig, 2002e: 1296; Mothes et al., 2003: 63; Lopes et al., 2005: 50; Mothes et al., 2006c: 58; Muricy et al., 2006: 145; Lopes, 2007b: 50; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Vieira et al., 2010: 21. Dactylocalyx ingalli Bowerbank, 1869: 78. Dactylocalyx pumiceus stutchburyi Sollas, 1879: 131. Dactylocalyx subglobosus, Schmidt, 1880: 53; Schulze, 1887: 349 (non Dactylocalyx subglobosus Gray, 1867a). Diplacodium mixtum Schmidt, 1880: 57. TYPE SPECIMEN: Holotype BMNH 1867.2.19.1 (dry). TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Almirante Saldanha Seamount (REVIZEE sta. C2-37F, 22.376ºS–37.659ºW, 552 m depth, Lopes et al., 2005 [description]; Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]; Lopes, 2007b [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Mostardas (31º14’S–49º35’W, 165-188 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1977 [description]; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [diagnosis]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Off Tramandaí (30º25’S–48º48’W, 30o15’S–48o32’W, 165188 m depth; Mothes de Moraes, 1977 [description]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Barbados (van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Reiswig, 2002e), Cuba (Alcolado, 2002). REMARKS: Muricy et al. (2006) erroneously stated that Dactylocalyx pumiceus was collected in REVIZEE sta. Taxonomic List C2-20F (off Linhares, Espírito Santo State) instead of C2-37F (Almirante Saldanha Seamount, Rio de Janeiro State; cf. Lopes et al., 2005; Lopes, 2007b; Vieira et al., 2010). Family Euretidae Zittel, 1877 For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2 Subfamily Euretinae Zittel, 1877 For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002). E Eurete Semper, 1868 For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002). Type species: Eurete simplicissima Semper, 1868 (by monotypy). K 1910.10.28.46, 1910.10.28.48, ZMH S-2938 (2 specimens, labeled “co-types”). TYPE LOCALITY: Antarctica (off Wilhelm II Land). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed (Muricy et al., 2006 [faunistics]). Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W, end 22º21.936’S– 39º53.602’W; start 22º16.304’S–39º53.360’W, end 22º13.124’S–39º52.223’W; start 22º24.419’S– 39º55.556’W, end 22º21.438’S–39º53.559’W; start 22º23.943’S–39º54.679’W, end 22º20.922’S– 39º52.915’W, 1059-1152 m depth; Lopes et al., 2007 [description]; Lopes, 2010b [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Antarctic (Barthel & Tendal, 1994; Janussen et al., 2004), North Atlantic (Burton, 1928; Tabachnick & Collins, 2008), Southwestern Atlantic, Caribbean and South Indian Ocean (Schulze, 1886, 1887). Eurete atlantica Lopes, Hajdu & Reiswig, 2007 Eurete atlantica Lopes et al., 2007: 244; Lopes, 2010a: 60. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 7330A (Fig. 15H). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W, end 22º21.936’S–39º53.602’W), 1128-1135 m depth (Lopes et al., 2007 [original description]; Lopes, 2010a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. Family Farreidae Gray, 1872a For synonyms see Reiswig (2002f). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 E Farrea Bowerbank, 1862 For synonyms see Reiswig (2002f). Type species: Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862b (by monotypy). K Subfamily Chonelasmatinae Schrammen, 1912 For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002). E Chonelasma Schulze, 1886 For synonyms see Reiswig & Wheeler (2002). Type species: Chonelasma lamella Schulze, 1886 (by subsequent designation; Ijima, 1927). K Chonelasma choanoides Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910 Chonelasma lamella Schulze, 1886: 76 (in part); Schulze, 1887: 321 (in part); Barthel & Tendal, 1994: 61 (in part). Chonelasma sp., Schulze, 1887: 326. Chonelasma lamella choanoides Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1910: 302; Schulze & Kirkpatrick, 1911: 48. Hexactinella grimaldii Burton, 1928b: 16 (in part). Chonelasma choanoides, Reid, 1963: 226; Reid, 1964: 99; Reiswig & Mehl, 1994: 156; Janussen et al., 2004: 1860; Lopes et al., 2007: 246; Tabachnick & Collins, 2008: 26; Lopes, 2010b: 58. Chonelasma aff. choanoides sensu Muricy et al., 2006: 132. TYPE SPECIMENS: Paralectotypes BMNH 1910.10.28.45, SPECIES: 1 Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862 Euplectella cucumer Owen, 1857 (in part): pl. 21, figs 9–9a; Bowerbank, 1862a: pl. 32, fig. 7 (non Bowerbank, 1862a, pl. 28, fig. 11). Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862b: 1118; Carter, 1873a: 445; Carter, 1885e: 388; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 27; Reiswig, 2002f: 1337; Lopes & Hajdu, 2010a: 62. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.1466. TYPE LOCALITY: Comoro (SW Indian Ocean). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin (start 22º24.449’S–39º55.280’W, end 22º21.936’S–39º53.602’W, 1128-1135 m depth; Lopes & Hajdu, 2010a [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan, with records in the NE Atlantic (e.g. Kent, 1870; Burton 1954; Boury-Esnault, 1994b), Caribbean, W Pacific (Schulze, 1887), Southwest Indian Ocean (Bowerbank, 1862b; Reiswig, 2002f), and NE Pacific (Reiswig & Mehl, 1991). REMARKS: The species currently contains nine subspecies in addition to the typical form (Reiswig, 2002f). The body form of the Brazilian specimens (although fragmented) is the tube branching pattern of the typical form, F. occa occa. 181 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera ORDER LYCHNISCOSIDA SCHRAMMEN, 1902 For synonyms see Reiswig (2002g). †Fossil LYCHNISCOSIDA 22°28.725’S–39°58.610’W, 1107-1141 m depth; Lopes, 2010c). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Central North Atlantic, Indo-West Pacific and Antarctica (Tabachnick, 2002a). †Family Becksiidae Schrammen, 1912 Subfamily Euplectellinae Schulze, 1886 TOTAL OF: For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a). E †Manzonia GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 1 E Euplectella Giattini, 1910 Type species: Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910 (by subsequent designation; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986). K †Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910 Manzonia aprutina Giattini, 1910: 59; Moret, 1924: 20; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986: 428. Manzonia aprudina, Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997: 23 (misspelling). TYPE SPECIMENS: Unknown (not informed). TYPE LOCALITY: Italy: Rocca Morice (Langhian-Serravallian). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: North Region: Pará State: São João de Pirabas, Pirabas Formation, Oligo-Miocene (Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997 [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Spain (Middle Oligocene), Italy (Miocene; Brimaud & Vachard, 1986; Ferreira & Fernandes, 1997). ORDER LYSSACINOSIDA ZITTEL, 1877 For synonyms see Reiswig (2002h). Family Euplectellidae Gray, 1867a For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 2 SPECIES: 2 Subfamily Bolosominae Tabachnick, 2002a For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a). E Saccocalyx Schulze, 1895 For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a). Type species: Saccocalyx pedunculatus Schulze, 1895 (by monotypy). K Owen, 1841 For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002a). Type species: Euplectella aspergillum Owen, 1841 (by monotypy). Saccocalyx pedunculatus Schulze, 1895 Saccocalyx pedunculata Schulze, 1895: 53; Tabachnick & Lévi, 2004: 37; Lopes, 2010c: 68. ?Nubicaulus careyi Reiswig, 1999: 503. Saccocalyx pedunculatus, Tabachnik, 2002a: 1409. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype BMNH 1908.09.24.017. Paratype BMNH 1907.08.01.013. TYPE LOCALITY: Bay of Bengal (N Indian Ocean). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (start 22°30.727’S–40°00.942’W, end 182 K Euplectella suberea Thomson, 1877 Euplectella suberea Thomson, 1877: 138; Milne-Edwards, 1881: 871; Schulze, 1886: 37; Schulze, 1887: 73; Topsent, 1892a: 24; Schulze, 1904: 9; Topsent, 1904b: 38; Topsent, 1928: 72; Arnesen, 1932: 5; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961: 4; Boury-Esnault et al., 1994b: 31; Santos et al., 2002b: 399; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 354; Tabachnick & Collins, 2008: 29; Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1248; Lopes & Hajdu, 2010b: 66. TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes BMNH 1887.10.20.013, 1887.10.20.014. TYPE LOCALITY: Spain: Gibraltar Strait. BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Off Maceió (10º11’S–35º22’W, 2928 m depth; Schulze, 1886 [faunistics]; Schulze, 1887 [description]; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 [checklist]; Santos et al., 2002b [checklist]; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [checklist]). Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (19o00’S–39o47’W, 790-900 m depth; Tabachnick et al., 2009 [description]). Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (start 21o48.839’S–39o48.112’W, end 21o45.433’S–39o48.857’W, 1598-1620 m depth; Lopes & Hajdu, 2010b [description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Azores (Topsent, 1892a, 1904b, 1928), Mediterranean (Milne-Edwards, 1881), Morocco (Topsent, 1928), Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (Boury-Esnault, 1994b). REMARKS: The locality of collection in Alagoas State was reported erroneously by Mello-Leitão et al. (1961), Santos et al. (2002b) and Hajdu & Lopes (2007) as being in Pernambuco State. Family Rossellidae Schulze, 1885 For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002b). TOTAL OF: GENERA: 1 SPECIES: 2 Subfamily Lanuginellinae Schulze, 1897 Taxonomic List For synonyms see Tabachnick (2002b). E Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887 For synonyms see Menshenina et al. (2007). Type species: Rossella philippinensis Gray, 1872b (by monotypy). Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (23o46’S–42o09’W, 597–610 m depth; Menshenina et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. K Lophocalyx reiswigi Menshenina, Tabachnick, Lopes & Hajdu, 2007 K Lophocalyx brasiliensis Menshenina, Tabachnick, Lopes & Hajdu, 2007 Lophocalyx sp. n., Tabachnick, 2002b: 1500. Lophocalyx sp. nov. 1, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. Lophocalyx brasiliensis Menshenina et al., 2007: 459; Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1243. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNHN.H.CL 598. Paratypes MNHN.H.CL 599-605. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Espírito Santo state: VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain (23o46’S–42o09’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo state: Lophocalyx sp. nov. 2, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007: 355. Lophocalyx reiswigi Menshenina et al., 2007: 460. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype MNRJ 3339C. Paratypes MNRJ 3339A, 3339B, 3339D, 3339E, 3339G, 3339i. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia State: Off Salvador (13º17.580’S–38º17.599’W). BRAZILIAN RECORDS: Bahia State: Off Salvador (13o17.580’S– 38º17.599’W, 1717 m depth; Menshenina et al., 2007 [original description]). WORLD DISTRIBUTION: Endemic from Brazil. 183 III. RECORDS identified ONLY to genus level or higher This list includes all records published as affinis (“aff.”), confer (“cf.”) and species (“sp.”). As these records were not identified to species, we have separated them and used a simpler format with less information than in the main list of valid species. The records below represent a large element of uncertainty about the composition of the Brazilian sponge fauna, and indicate the need of more detailed taxonomic studies. In the few cases in which the records were posteriorly identified to species, the currently accepted identification is included within brackets [= Genus species]. A Aaptos aff. aaptos: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas. (Mothes & Lerner, 1994) Aaptos sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Salvador. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. São Paulo State: Ilhabela, São Sebastião. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Granato et al., 2000; Rangel et al., 2001; Coutinho et al., 2002; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Acanthanchora sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Andréa et al., 2007) Acanthella sp.: State not informed (Bahia, Espírito Santo or Rio de janeiro). Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Acanthotetilla sp. [= Acanthotetilla rocasensis]: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006) Acarnus sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas. (Muricy et al., 2006) Acervochalina sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Dresch et al., 2005; Andréa et al., 2007) Adocia sp. [= Haliclona sp.]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Maggs et al., 1979) Adocia sp. [= Rhizochalina nodulosa; cf. Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976) 184 Agelas sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Salvador, off Trancoso. Ceará State: Fortaleza. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Ferreira et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Laport et al., 2009) Aiolochroia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador, off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Amorphinopsis sp. [= Amorphinopsis atlantica; cf. Carvalho et al., 2004]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Rangel et al., 2001) Amorphinopsis sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: State not informed. Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba Bay. (Prado et al., 2004; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010) Amphilectus sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Off Macaé. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy et al., 2006) Amphimedon aff. complanata: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió. (Cedro et al., 2007) Amphimedon aff. compressa [= Amphimedon compressa]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas, Potiguar Basin. (Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008) Amphimedon sp. [= Pachychalina alcaloidifera; cf. Pinheiro et al., 2005]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Niterói. São Paulo State: Ilhabela. (Rangel et al., 2001) Amphimedon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed, Salvador. Ceará State: Trairí. Maranhão State: São Luís. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. Southeast Region: State not informed. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Jimenez et al., 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Hajdu & Costa, Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher 2007a; Rodrigues et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Farrapeira, 2010) Amphimedon sp. [= Amphimedon compressa]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Tamandaré. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b) Amphoriscus sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy & Silva, 1999) Ancorinidae [family, genus undetermined]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Santos et al., 2002a; Muricy et al., 2006) Aphrocallistes aff. beatrix: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Tabachnick et al., 2009) Aplysilla sp.: Southeast Region: State not informed. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001; Prado et al., 2004) Aplysina aff. cauliformis: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Aplysina aff. cauliformis [= Aplysina fulva]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Pinheiro & Hajdu, 2001) Aplysina cf. fulva: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Canavieiras. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Off São Francisco de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Aplysina cf. lactuca [= Aplysina lactuca]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Silva et al., 2010) Aplysina sp. [= Aplysina muricyana]: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2003; Neves & Omena, 2003) Aplysina sp. [= Aplysina fulva]: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Vaske-Júnior, 2010) Aplysina sp.: Northeast Region: State not informed. Bahia State: Locality not informed, off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Hotspur Seamount, off Ilhéus, Nova Viçosa, Rodgers Seamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. Pernambuco State: Off Recife. Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Johnsson, 2000; Feitoza et al., 2005; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Kossuga et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Muricy et al., 2008; Lira et al., 2010; Silva et al., 2010) Aplysinidae [family, genus undetermined]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba. Ceará State: Fortaleza. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006; Ferreira et al., 2007) Arenosclera sp.: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Silva et al., 2006) cf. Arenosclera sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006) Artemisina aff. melana: Southeast Region: São paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995) Artemisina sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Arvoredo Island, Bombinhas (Galé Island), Garopaba. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Andréa et al., 2007) Asteropus sp.: State not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006) Astropeplus sp. [= Jaspis sp.]: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1973) Astrophorida [order, genus unidentified]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007) Astylinifer sp. [= Acheliderma sp.]: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973) Auletta sp.: State not informed. (Hechtel, 1976; Muricy et al., 2006) Aulospongus sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed, off Laguna, off Balneário Arroio do Silva. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Axinella aff. corrugata: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Santos et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006) Axinella aff. corrugata [= Axinella corrugata]: State not informed. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001; Laport et al., 2009) Axinella cf. corrugata [= Axinella corrugata]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Lira et al., 2007) Axinella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed. Ceará State: Fortaleza. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast 185 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Region: State not informed. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Carter, 1890; Johnson, 1971; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Santos et al., 1999; Santos et al., 2002b; Prado et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) cf. Axinella sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004) Axinellidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé, off São Francisco de Itabapoana. São Paulo State: Ilhabela. (Rangel et al., 2001; Muricy et al., 2006) Axynissa sp.: Southeast Region: State not informed. (Prado et al., 2004) B Batzella sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006) Biemna sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973) Bubaris sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed. São Paulo State: Off Guarujá. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Criciúma. Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed, off Tavares. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) c Cacospongia sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin, off Touros. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Santos et al., 1999; Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2008) Calcarea [class, subclass unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Hotspur Seamount, Salvador. Ceará State: Off Beberibe. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Santos et al., 2002a; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) 186 Calcaronea [subclass, order unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Calcinea [subclass, order unidentified]: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Callyspongia aff. diffusa: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999) Callyspongia sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos, off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Minerva Seamount, Salvador, off Salvador. Ceará State: near Camocim. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Achipelago, Tamandaré. Southeast Region: State not informed. Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: Ilhabela, São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Eston et al., 1986; Muricy et al., 1991; Rocha, 1995; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Santos et al., 1999; Rangel et al., 2001; Johnsson, 2002; Santos et al., 2002a,b; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Ferreira et al., 2006; Gray et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Callyspongia sp. [= Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli; cf. Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos Archipelago. (Hechtel, 1976, 1983) Callyspongiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Cervicornia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Seleghim et al., 2007) Chalina sp. [= Haliclona sp.]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Carter, 1890) Chalinidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Royal Charlotte Seamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Piúma, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, Arraial do Cabo, Macaé. (Ferreira et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) Chalinula sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2003, 2006) Chelonaplysilla aff. erecta: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: State not informed (Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo). São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Prado et al., 2004; Moraes et al., 2006) Chelonaplysilla sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Eston et al., 1986; Santos et al., 2002a; Seleghim et al., 2007) Chondrilla aff. nucula [= Chondrilla nucula complex]: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió. Ceará State: Trairí. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Custódio et al., 2002; Moraes et al., 2003; Jimenez et al., 2004; Santos et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Cavalcanti et al., 2007; Cedro et al., 2007) Chondrilla cf. nucula [= Chondrilla nucula complex]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Klautau et al., 1994) Chondrilla sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Seleghim et al., 2007) Chondrilla sp. B [= Chondrilla nucula complex]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Vilanova et al., 2007) Chondrilla spp. A, B, and D [= Chondrilla nucula complex]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Armação dos Búzios, Arraial do Cabo, Itacuruçá. São Paulo State: Ubatuba (Picinguaba). South Region: Paraná State: Ilha do Mel. (Klautau et al., 1999) Chondrilla spp. 3-4 [= Chondrilla nucula complex]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Ubatuba. (Zilberberg et al., 2006) Chondrosia aff. reniformis: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Santos et al., 2004) Chondrosia sp. [= Chondrosia collectrix]: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b) Chondrosia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed, off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Salvador. Norte State: Atol Pernambuco State: Recife. Southeast Region: Locality not informed, Guarapari. Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed, Angra dos Reis, Armação dos Búzios, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, São Sebastião. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Lazoski et al., 2001; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Chonelasma aff. choanoides [= Chonelasma choanoides]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006) ?Cinachyra sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956) Cinachyra sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Ilha Grande. São Paulo State: Locality not informed. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Cinachyra sp. [= Cinachyra helena]: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Cinachyrella aff. alloclada: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Trancoso. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Cinachyrella aff. apion: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Canavieiras, off Trancoso (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Cinachyrella aff. kuekenthali: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Hotspur Seamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Cinachyrella sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, Salvador. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. (Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007; Marinho et al., 2010) Ciocalapata sp.: State not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006) Ciocalypta sp. [= Ciocalypta alba; cf. Carvalho et al., 2003]: State not informed. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Ilhabela. (Rangel et al., 2001; Muricy et al., 2006) Cladothenea sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (VolkmerEspírito Santo State: 187 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Ribeiro et al., 1973) Clathria sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: State not informed. Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Iguape, São Sebastião. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed, Bombinhas (Deserta Island). (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Rocha, 1995; Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006, 2008; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010g,h; Vaske-Júnior, 2010) Clathria (Thalysias) cf. venosa: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Tamandaré. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b) Clathrina sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Sepetiba Bay. São Paulo State: Ilhabela, São Sebastião. (Johnson, 1971; Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Rangel et al., 2001; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010) Cliona sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Camaçari, Salvador. Maranhão State: São Luís. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Iguape, São Sebastião. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande. Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 1993, 2006; Costa et al., 2000; Santos et al., 2002a; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c [as Cliona sp. 1]; Hajdu et al., 2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Rodrigues et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 188 2007; Laport et al., 2009) Cliona sp. 2: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c) Cliona cf. celata [= Cliona celata complex]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Tamandaré. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998) Cliona cf. delitrix: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife. (Amaral et al., 2010; Lira et al., 2010) Clionidae [family, genus unidentified] [= Clionaidae]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Minerva Seamount. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006) Coelosphaeridae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Andréa et al., 2007) Corvospongilla sp.: Midwest Region: Mato Grosso do Sul State: Taquarussu, Samambaia Lake. (Parolin et al., 2008) Corallistes sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973) Craniella sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Locality not informed. Rio de Janeiro State: Off São João da Barra. South Region: Paraná State: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá). (Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Crella sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) cf. Crella sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Cyamon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Andréa et al., 2007) Cydonium sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973) D Dactylocalyx aff. subglobosus: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Tabachnick et al., 2009) Dactylocalyx sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. South Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Tabachnick et al., 2009) Darwinella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas. Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Calderón et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Darwinella cf. viscosa [record not valid, based on an unpublished academic work]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba. (Junqueira et al., 2004) Demospongiae [class, order unidentified]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Porto de Galinhas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis, Niterói. (Secchin, 1995; Xavier et al., 2008; Lira et al., 2009) Desmacella aff. pumilio: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin. São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010i) Desmacella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed, off Campos dos Goytacazes. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Guarujá. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Desmacellidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Vitória. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006) Desmanthidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006) Desmanthus sp. [= Desmanthus meandroides]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006) Desmapsamma sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Seleghim et al., 2007) Desmoxyidae [family, genus unidentified] [= Heteroxyidae]: State not informed. Northeast Bahia State: Off Boipeba, Minerva Seamount, off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Dictyonella sp.: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Ferreira et al., 2007) Dictyonellidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006) Didiscus sp. [= Didiscus oxeata; cf. Hechtel, 1983]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed. (Hechtel, 1976; Muricy et al., 2006) Dragmacidon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Linhares, off Piúma. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off São Francisco de Itabapoana. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) cf. Dragmacidon sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004) Dragmaxia aff. undata: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Marataízes. (Muricy et al., 2006) Dragmaxia sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006) Dysidea aff. nigra: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006) Dysidea sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Recife, off Recife, Tamandaré. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Rangel et al., 2001; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2003; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007; Amaral et al., 2010; Lira et al., 2010; Gandolfi et al., 2010) Dysideidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos. Espírito Santo Region: 189 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera State: Off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006) Dysidex cf. janiae [misspelling; = Dysidea cf. janiae]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba Bay. (Ignacio et al., 2010) E Echinodictyum sp. [= Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Paulista. (Hechtel, 1976) Echinodictyum sp.: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Collette & Rützler, 1977; Seleghim et al., 2007) Echinostylinos sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin. (Cosme & Hajdu, 2010j) ?Ecionemia sp.: State not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006) Ectyoplasia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Seleghim et al., 2007) Erylus aff. formosus: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Erylus cf. formosus [= Erylus latens]: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b) Erylus sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Guarapari, off Linhares, off Trindade Island, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Campos dos Goytacazes. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (VolkmerRibeiro et al., 1973; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Erylus sp. nov. [= Erylus latens]: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006) Esperiopsis sp. [= Esperiopsis bathyalis]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004) Eunapius sp.: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió. (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Tavares, 1990) Euretidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006) 190 cf. Eurypon sp.: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river. Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Tamandaré. (Collette & Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b [as Eurypon sp.]) Euspongia sp. [= Spongia sp.]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Achipelago. (Carter, 1890) F Farrea sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin. (Tabachnick et al., 2009; Lopes, 2010d) Fasciospongia sp., cf. turgida: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977) Fibulia aff. bermuda [= Strongylacidon aff. bermuda]: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999) REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based on van Soest (2002e), van Soest et al. (2011). Forcepia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Off Trindade. São Paulo State: Locality not informed. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) G Gastrophanella sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Gastrophanella sp. [= Gastrophanella cavernicola]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999) Geodia sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador.Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin, Sepetiba Bay. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Ilhabela, São Sebastião, off Ubatuba. (Carter, 1890; Santos et al., 2002a; Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010b; Ignacio et al., 2010) Geodia sp. [= Geodia papyracea]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed. (Burton, 1940) Geodia cf. papyracea [= Geodia papyracea]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Tamandaré. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998) Geodiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher Region: Bahia State: Salvador. São Pedro e São 1934); cf. Diaz et al., 1993]: Northeast Region: Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976) Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Grantia sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Guancha sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy & Silva, 1999) Guitarra sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Dresch et al., 2005; Seleghim et al., 2007) Guitarra sp. [= Guitarra sepia]: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Monks et al., 2002) Guitarridae [family, genus unidentified]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Ilhabela. (Rangel et al., 2001; Seleghim et al., 2007) H Hadromerida [order, family unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador. Ceará State: Off Beberibe. Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: State not informed. Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Santos et al., 1999; Prado et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Halichondria sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Ceará State: Locality not informed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza, Trairí. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed, Itamaracá, Tamandaré. Rio Grande do Norte State: Off Baía Formosa, Potiguar Basin, off Touros. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Ilhabela, off Ubatuba. (Johnson, 1971; Edwards & Lubbock, 1983b; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 1999, 2002a,b; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Hajdu et al., 2004; Jimenez et al., 2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Halichondria sp. [= Halichondria braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 = Topsentia ophiraphidites (de Laubenfels, Halichondrida [order, family unidentified]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba Bay. (Ignacio et al., 2010) Halichondriidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Hotspur Seamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount, Salvador, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Piúma, off São Mateus, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé, off São Francisco de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) Haliclona aff. tubifera [= Haliclona (Reniera) aff. tubifera]: South Region: Santa catarina State: Locality not informed. (Monks et al., 2002) REMARKS: New subgenus assignment based on de Weerdt (2000). Haliclona sp.: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river. Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Ponta Verde Reef). Bahia State: Salvador. Ceará State: Locality not informed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed, Gaibu, Ipojuca, Itamaracá, Porto de Galinhas, Recife, Tamandaré. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Guarujá, São Sebastião, Ubatuba. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed, off Chuí, off Tavares. Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed, Bombinhas. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Johnson, 1971; Boffi, 1972; Collette & Rützler, 1977; Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 1991; Rocha, 1995; Lerner, 1996 [as Haliclona tubifera, cf. de Weerdt, 2000]; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Hajdu et al., 1999; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Santos et al., 1999, 2002a,b, 2010b; Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Sarmento & Correia, 2002; Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Mothes et al., 2003, 2004c, 2006c; Hajdu et al., 2004; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Vilanova et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Laport et al., 2009; Farrapeira et al., 2009; Barradas et al., 2010; Farrapeira, 2010; Marinho et al., 2010) Halisarca sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: 191 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006) Halme sp. [= Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) sp.]: Northeast Region: Ceará State: near Camocim. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Santos et al., 1999) Hamacantha sp. [= Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Haplosclerida [order, family unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Hotspur Seamount, Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares, VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Maggs et al., 1979; Johnsson, 1998; Santos et al., 2002a; Breves-Ramos et al., 2005; Ferreira et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010; Marroig & Reis, 2010) Hemiasterellidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006) Hemimycale sp.: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: State not informed. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. (Muricy et al., 1991, 1993; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Prado et al., 2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Moraes, 2009) Heteromeyenia sp.: North Region: Tocantins State: Araguatins, Taquari River. (Volkmer-Ribeiro & Batista, 2007) Higginsia sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006) Hippospongia sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. (Muricy et al., 2006) Hircinia sp. [= Ircinia sp.]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Carter 1890) Holoxea sp.: State not informed (Bahia, Espírito Santo or Rio de Janeiro). (Muricy et al., 2006) Holoxea sp. n. [= Asteropus niger]: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006) Homosclerophorida [order, family unidentified]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Porto de Galinhas. (Lira et al., 2009) Hyalonema sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. South 192 Region: Paraná State: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá). (Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Tabachnick et al., 2009) Hyattella sp.: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Off Beberibe. Pernambuco State: Off Recife. Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin, off Touros. (Santos et al., 1999; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Amaral et al., 2010) Hymedesmia sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Tavares, off Chuí. Santa Catarina State: Arvoredo Island, Bombinhas (Galé Island), off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2004c, 2006c; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) cf. Hymedesmia sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. (Muricy et al., 2006) Hymedesmiidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Piúma. (Muricy et al., 2006) Hymeniacidon aff. dystacta: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999) Hymeniacidon aff. heliophila [= Hymeniacidon heliophila]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Granato et al., 2000; Rangel et al., 2001; Berlinck et al., 2004; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004) Hymeniacidon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Off Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007; Marroig & Reis, 2010) I Igernella sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Achipelago. (Eston et al., 1986 [as Irgernella (misspelling)]; Santos et al., 2002b) Inflatella sp. [= Oceanapia sp.]: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977) Iophon sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973) Iotrochota sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, Salvador, off Salvador. (Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Iotrochotidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos. (Muricy et al., 2006) Ircinia sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount, Salvador, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Ceará State: Locality not informed, off Beberibe. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Achipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas, Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain. São Paulo State: Locality not informed. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed, off Tavares. Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Eston et al., 1986; Santos et al., 1999, 2002b; Rocha et al., 2000; Mothes et al., 2004c; Muricy et al., 2006, Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Paiva et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Irciniidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, Hotspur Seamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Isodictya sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973) J Jaspis sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed, off Porto Alegre, off Tavares. Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed, off Laguna. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Jenkinidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006) K ‘Keratosa’ [informal group of superordinal level, order unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007) Kieplitela aff. antrodes [= Echinodictyum aff. antrodes]: Northeast Region: CEará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999). REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based on Hooper (1996, 2002b), van Soest et al. (2011). L Latrunculia sp.: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Latrunculiidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006) Laxosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Peso-Aguiar et al., 2000; Santos et al., 2002a) cf. Leiosella sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari. (Muricy et al., 2006) Leucandra sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Sepetiba Bay. (Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Ignacio et al., 2010) Leucetta sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Muricy & Silva, 1999) Leucilla aff. australiensis [= Paraleucilla magna]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba. (Nassar & Silva, 1999; Junqueira et al., 2004) Leucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla magna]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Klautau et al., 1994b) Leucilla sp.: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Achipelago. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. (Johnson, 1971; Muricy et al., 1991; Breves-Ramos et al., 2005; Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006) Leucosolenia sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Ferreira et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Lissodendoryx sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Itamaracá. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Ilhabela. (Santos et al., 2002a,b; Hajdu et al., 2004; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) ‘Lithistida’ [polyphyletic group of ordinal level, family unidentified]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004) Lophocalyx sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Locality not informed. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Locality not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) 193 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera M Margaritella sp. [= Iphiteon sp.]: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973) Melophlus sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006) Menanetia sp. [= Halichondria sp.]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956) Metania sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Viamão. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1981) Metania sp. [= Metania reticulata]: North Region: Amazonas State: Carauari, Juruá River (Conceição do Raimundo). (Volkmer-Ribeiro & de RosaBarbosa, 1974) Microcionidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Minerva Seamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Marataízes, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Off Macaé, off São Francisco de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) Monanchora aff. clathrata: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Monanchora cf. barbadensis [= Monanchora arbuscula]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Klautau et al., 2004) Monanchora sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas, off Linhares. South Region: Santa Catarina State: Arvoredo Island, Bombinhas (Galé Island). (Johnsson, 2002; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Monanchora sp. [= Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa]: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. (Moraes et al., 2006) Mycale aff. americana [= Mycale (Aegogropila) americana]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 2004; Santos et al., 2004) Mycale (Aegogropila) aff. americana [= Mycale (Aegogropila) americana]: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999) Mycale aff. arenaria [= Mycale (Mycale) arenaria]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando 194 de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2003, 2006) Mycale aff. magnirhaphidifera: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba Bay. (Ignacio et al., 2010) Mycale sp.: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river. Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Ponta Verde Reef). Bahia State: Hotspur Seamount, Salvador. Pernambuco State: Itamaracá. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: São Sebastião, Ubatuba. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande. Santa Catarina State: Off Santa Marta Cape. (Boffi, 1972; Collette & Rützler, 1977; Hajdu, 1999; Hajdu et al., 1999; Santos et al., 2002a; Sarmento & Correia, 2002; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Prado et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Mycalidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995; Andréa et al., 2007) Mycalina [suborder, family unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Santos et al., 2002a) Myrmekioderma sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba. (Muricy et al., 2006) Myxilla sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995) Myxillidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Maggs et al., 1979; Muricy et al., 2006) Myxillina [suborder, family unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Santos et al., 2002a; Andréa et al., 2007) N Neofibularia sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Niphates sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, Salvador. Ceará State: Locality not informed, off Beberibe, Fortaleza. Paraíba State: Locality not informed. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher Santos et al., 1999, 2002a,b; Dresch et al., 2005; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Ferreira et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Niphates sp. [= Niphates erecta]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Moraes et al., 2003) Niphatidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, off Boipeba, Hotspur Seamount, off Ilhéus, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount, Salvador, off Salvador, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) O Oceanapia sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Salvador. Pernambuco State: Tamandaré. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Locality not informed, off Linhares, off Piúma, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed, Almirante Saldanha Seamount. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Oncosclera sp.: Midwest Region: Mato Grosso do Sul State: Taquarussu, Samambaia Lake. North Region: Roraima State: Alto Alegre, Uraricoera River (Maracá Island). Tocantins State: Gurupi, Tocantins River. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1998a; Parolin et al., 2008) Oscarella sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Armação dos Búzios. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy & Hajdu, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008) P Pachastrella sp.: South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed, off Mostardas. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c) Pachastrellidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Linhares. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Campos dos Goytacazes. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) Pachastrissa sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Pachychalina sp. [= Pachychalina alcaloidifera]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Niterói. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Berlinck et al., 2004; Oliveira et al., 2006a,b) Pachychalina sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Vilanova et al., 2004; Moraes et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Pachypellina sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Off Trindade. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 [as “off São Paulo State”, but the nearest point to the collection site is Trindade, in Rio de Janeiro State]) Pandaros sp. [= Echinodictyum dendroides]: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. (Muricy et al., 2008) Paraleucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla magna]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004) Paraleucilla sp. [= Paraleucilla sphaerica]: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. (Muricy et al., 2008) Paraleucilla sp.: Northeast Region: São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Ferreira et al., 2006; Moraes et al., 2006) Pellina aff. eusiphonia [= Oceanapia aff. eusiphonia]: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999). REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based on Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine (2002d); van Soest et al. (2011). Penares sp.: State not informed. North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River. Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. 195 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera (Volkmer- Ribeiro et al., 1973; Collette & Rützler, 1977 [as Penares sp., cf. mastoidea]; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006) Perissinella sp. [= Ptilocaulis fosteri (Hechtel, 1983)]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976) Perissinella sp., cf. madeirensis: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River. (Collette & Rützler, 1977) Petromica sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Hajdu et al., 1999; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Petromica sp. [= Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina]: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rangel et al., 2001) Petrosia sp.: State not informed. North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Tamandaré. (Collette & Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2003) Petrosia sp. [= Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Tamandaré. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Santos et al., 2002b; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Petrosiidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, off Boipeba, Hotspur Seamount, Minerva Seamount, Rodgers Seamount, off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off São Francisco de Itabapoana. (Muricy et al., 2006) Phakellia sp.: State not informed. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy et al., 2006) Phellodermidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. (Andréa et al., 2007) Phloeodictyidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Hotspur Seamount, off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Phorbas sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari. (Muricy et al., 2006) 196 Phorbas sp. [= Phorbas amaranthus]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006) Placospongia aff. melobesioides: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió. (Cedro et al., 2007) Placospongia cf. intermedia: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. (Silva et al., 2006) Placospongia sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Plakina sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Locality not informed, VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Plakinastrella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador, off Salvador. Ceará State: Locality not informed, off Beberibe. Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed, Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Santos et al., 1999; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Plakinidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz. (Muricy et al., 2006) Plakortis sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, Minerva Seamount, Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas, Potiguar Basin. (Eston et al., 1986; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Lôbo-Hajdu et al., 1999; Santos et al., 1999, 2002b; Neves & Omena, 2003; Muricy et al., 2006, 2008; Seleghim et al., 2007) Poecilosclerida [order, suborder unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis. (Secchin, 1995; Santos et al., 2002a) Polyfibrospongia sp. [= Carteriospongia sp.]: Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999) REMARKS: New combination. Genus transfer based on Cook & Bergquist (2002e); van Soest et al. (2011). Polymastia cf. agglutinans: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas (Ilha da Galé). (Lerner, 1996) Polymastia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares. Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: Off Ilhabela, São Sebastião. (Muricy, 1989; Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Polymastiidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos. (Muricy et al., 2006) Polytherses sp. [= Ircinia sp.]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Carter, 1890) Prianus sp. [= Xestospongia grayi (Hechtel, 1983)]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Hechtel, 1976) Protosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Laport et al., 2009) Pseudosuberites sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Muricy et al., 2008) Psammaplysilla sp., cf. camera [?= Dendrilla camera sensu van Soest, 1978: 84; non Dendrilla camera (de Laubenfels, 1936)]: State not informed. (Hechtel, 1976) Ptilocaulis sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Muricy et al., 1991, 2006; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Seleghim et al., 2007) Q R Radiella sp.: State not informed. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin. South Region: Paraná State: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá). (Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010d,e) Raspaciona sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Ilhabela, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Raspailia sp.: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Guarujá. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Chuí, off Porto Alegre. Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed, off Itajaí, off Santa Marta Cape. (Collette & Rützler, 1977; Monks et al., 2002; Hajdu et al., 2004; Mothes et al., 2003, 2004c, 2006c; Dresch et al., 2005; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Raspailiidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte, Hotspur Seamount, off Trancoso. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Marataízes, off Vitória, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. (Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006) Rhabdastrella sp.: State not informed. (Muricy et al., 2006) Rhabdastrella sp. [= Rhabdastrella fibrosa Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976) Rhabderemia aff. africana: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004) Rhabderemia sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off Macaé. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) cf. Rhaphidistia sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte. (Muricy et al., 2006) S Sarostegia aff. oculata: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. (Tabachnick et al., 2009) Sceptrella sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Guarujá. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Scopalina sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007) Sphaerotylus sp.: South Region: Santa Catarina State: Off Santa Marta Cape. (Mothes et al., 2004c; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Spheciospongia sp. [= Spheciospongia symbiotica Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976) Spirasigmidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, Camaçari, Minerva Seamount. (Muricy et al., 2006) Spirastrella sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, Salvador. Ceará State: Off 197 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Beberibe. (Santos et al., 1999; Costa et al., 2000; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) Spongia sp.: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió (Ponta Verde Reef). Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Belmonte. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Ilhéus, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain, Trindade Island. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Eston et al., 1986; Santos et al., 2002b; Sarmento & Correia, 2002; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Spongiidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Rodgers Seamount, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Guarapari, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995; Muricy et al., 2006) Spongillidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Jaboatão dos Guararapes. (Coelho, 1966; Santos et al., 2002b) Spongosorites sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Stelletta sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Ceará State: Locality not informed. Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin, Sepetiba Bay. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Guarujá, off Ilhabela, São Sebastião. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Hajdu et al., 1999, 2003, 2004; Santos et al., 1999; Rangel et al., 2001; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010a; Ignacio et al., 2010) cf. Stelletta sp.: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977) Stoeba sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Marataízes. (Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006) Stoeba sp. [= Dercitus (Stoeba) latex]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006) Strongylacidon sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 198 1991; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Muricy & Silva, 1999; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) Strongylamma sp.: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. (Moraes et al., 2006) Stylaxinella sp. A [= Ptilocaulis bistyla (Hechtel, 1983)]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976) Stylaxinella sp. B [= Ptilocaulis braziliensis (Hechtel, 1983)]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976) Suberites sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Off Rio Grande. (Mothes et al., 2003, 2006c; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Suberitidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Minerva Seamount, Salvador, off Trancoso. Paraíba State: Locality not informed. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Itaúnas, off Linhares, off Vitória. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Rocha, 1995; Dresch et al., 2005; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) Sycettidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Off Recife. (Lira et al., 2010) Sycettusa cf. hastifera [= Sycettusa hastifera]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Angra dos Reis. (Azevedo & Klautau, 2007) Sycon sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba Bay. (Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Ignacio et al., 2010) Sympagella sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin. (Lopes, 2010e) T Tedania sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Sepetiba. São Paulo State: São Sebastião, Ubatuba. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed. (de Laubenfels, 1956; Boffi, 1972; Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1973; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010) cf. Teichaxinella sp.: North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher river. (Collette & Rützler, 1977) Terpios aff. fugax: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Ferreira et al., 2006) Terpios sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Salvador. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Sepetiba Bay. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007; Ignacio et al., 2010) Tethya aff. maza: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió. (Sarmento & Correia, 2002) Tethya sp.: Northeast Region: Alagoas State: Maceió. Bahia State: Salvador. Ceará State: Trairí. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed, Sepetiba Bay. (Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Jimenez et al., 2004; Silva et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Cedro et al., 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007; Ribeiro et al., 2008; Laport et al., 2009; Ignacio et al., 2010) Tethytimea sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Piúma. (Muricy et al., 2006) Tetilla sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Canavieiras. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. São Paulo State: São Sebastião. South Region: Paraná State: Santos Basin (off Paranaguá). (Sumida et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Tetillidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, off Canavieiras, Salvador. (Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007) Theonellidae [family, genus unidentified]: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Itaúnas. (Muricy et al., 2006) Thoosa sp.: Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares. (Muricy et al., 2006) Thorecta sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte. (Muricy et al., 2006) Thorecta sp. [= Thorecta atlantica]: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Potiguar Basin. (Muricy et al., 2008) Thorectidae [family, genus unidentified]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Boipeba, off Ilhéus, Rodgers Seamount, off Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, off Linhares, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount, off São João da Barra. (Muricy et al., 2006) Thrombidae [family, genus unidentified]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte, off Boipeba, off Trancoso. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Linhares, off Guarapari, off Vitória, VitóriaTrindade Seamounts Chain. (Muricy et al., 2006) Thrombus sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Belmonte. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Guarapari. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Peruíbe. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007) Timea aff. stellifasciata: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006) Timea cf. bioxyasterina: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006) Timea sp.: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Canavieiras, Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Off Aracruz, Trindade Island. Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo State: Off Guarujá, near Alcatrazes Archipelago. South Region: Rio Grande do Sul State: off Tavares. Santa Catarina State: Off Santa Marta Cape. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Monteiro & Muricy, 2004; Mothes et al., 2004c; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Andréa et al., 2007; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Topsentia aff. ophiraphidites: State not informed (Bahia, Espírito Santo or Rio de Janeiro). (Muricy et al., 2006) Topsentia sp.: State not informed. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Off Abrolhos, Hotspur Seamount, Salvador. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, near Alcatrazes Archipelago. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Muricy et al., 2006; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Seleghim et al., 2007) Toxochalina sp. [= Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp.]: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Seleghim et al., 2007) Trachycladus sp.: Southeast Region: São Paulo State: São Sebastião. (Seleghim et al., 2007) U Ulosa sp.: Northeast Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. (Moraes et al., 2006) V Verongia sp. [= Aplysina sp.]: State not informed. Northeast Region: Ceará State: Fortaleza. (Johnson, 199 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera 1971; Kelecom et al., 1979; Santos et al., 1999) Verongia sp. samples I-III sensu Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979 [= Aplysina fulva]: Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos. Southeast Region: Espírito Santo State: Guarapari. Rio de Janeiro State: Cabo Frio. (Kelecom & Kannengiesser, 1979; Kelecom, 1997) Verongia sp. a [= Aplysina lacunosa ?; cf. Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Locality not informed. (Hechtel, 1976) Verongia sp. b [= Aplysina pergamentacea; cf. Hechtel, 1983]: Northeast Region: Pernambuco State: Recife. (Hechtel, 1976) Vosmaeropsis sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo. (Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy & Silva, 1999) Vulcanella sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Campos Basin. São Paulo State: Locality not informed, off Guarujá, off Ilhabela. (Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007; Cosme & Hajdu, 2010c) 200 W Waltherarndtia sp.: Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Off Macaé. (Muricy et al., 2006) X Xestospongia sp.: State not informed. North Region: State not informed (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River. Northeast Region: Bahia State: Abrolhos, Hotspur Seamount, Salvador. Pernambuco State: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Itamaracá. Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas. Southeast Region: Rio de Janeiro State: Almirante Saldanha Seamount. (Collette & Rützler, 1977; Muricy & Moraes, 1998; Johnsson, 2002; Santos et al., 2002b; Moraes et al., 2006; Muricy et al., 2006; Seleghim et al., 2007) Y Z IV. LIST OF NOMENCLATORIAL ACTS A synopsis of all taxonomic changes herein proposed is given below to help the reader locate the nomenclatorial acts involved with the Brazilian Porifera as proposed by us in this catalogue, including formalizations of changes already implicitly proposed in the literature. Included in this list are new synonymies, new combinations, revalidations, elevation of varieties to species rank, and designations of type specimens. Not included are minor changes such as emendation of spellings. Designation of type specimens: Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Cornulum tylotum] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 943. Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Scalarispongia cincta] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1017. Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Clathria (Clathria) calypso] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1035. Cliona raphida Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 994. Ectoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 973. Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 999. Holoxea violacea Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 964. Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Iotrochota birotulata] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of syntypes MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 951, 1018. Ircinia pauciarenaria Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1012, 1022. Jaspis salvadori Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 956. Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 1029. Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 944. Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 960. Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 985, 1008. Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 986. Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): designation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 946, 983. Raspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of paralectotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1039. Rhabdastrella virgula Boury-Esnault, 1973 (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 1023. Spongelia cana var. cincta Hyatt, 1877 [= Dysidea cana var. cincta; currently considered unrecognizable] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of lectotype MCZ 29 and paralectotype MCZ 7125. Spongelia dubia var. mollior Hyatt, 1877 [= Dysidea dubia var. mollior; currently considered unrecognizable] (specimens examined not listed 201 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera in the original publication): fixation of holotype MCZ 7331. Spongia bresiliana Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Hyattella cavernosa] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of syntypes MNHN. LBIM.D.NBE 971, 998, 1020, 1021, 1042. Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa Hyatt, 1877 [= Spongia (Spongia) pertusa] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of lectotype MCZ 19081 and paralectotypes MCZ 7036, 7179, 7189, 7293. Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 [= Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MCZ 42. Spongilla fragilis Leidy, 1851 [= Eunapius fragilis] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy ANSP-PO unregistered. Timea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Cyamon vickersii] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): fixation of holotype by monotypy MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 947. Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Craniella corticata] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): designation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027 (2 specimens). Verongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973 [= Aiolochroia crassa] (specimens examined not listed in the original publication): designation of syntypes MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 950, 1006, 1026, 1046. New subgenus assignments: Callyspongia coppingeri Ridley, 1881 – to Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri (cf. DesqueyrouxFaúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Callyspongia aff. diffusa (Ridley, 1884) – to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aff. diffusa (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Callyspongia fibrosa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) – to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Callyspongia laboreli Hechtel, 1983 – to Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Callyspongia tenerrima Duchassaing & Michelotti, 202 1864 – to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) tenerrima (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Callyspongia pergamentacea (Ridley, 1881) – to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Callyspongia villosa (Pallas, 1766) – to Callyspongia (Cladochalina) villosa (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973 – to Clathria (Clathria) calypso (cf. Hooper, 1996, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Clathria nigra (Boury-Esnault, 1973, as Psammotoxa) – to Clathria (Thalysias) nigra (cf. Hooper, 1996, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Clathria procera (Ridley, 1884) – to Clathria (Thalysias) procera (cf. Hooper, 1996, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Coelosphaera raphidifera Hechtel, 1969 – to Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera (cf. van Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011). Crella spinosa (Hechtel, 1983, as Crelloxea) – to Crella (Grayella) spinosa (cf. van Soest, 2002f; van Soest et al., 2011). Halichondria cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 – to Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis (cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965 – to Halichondria (Halichondria) magniconulosa (cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Halichondria migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 – to Halichondria (Halichondria) migottea (cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) – to Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Halichondria sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 – to Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea (cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Halichondria tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001 – to Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica (cf. Erpenbeck & van Soest, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Haliclona catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – to Haliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis (cf. de Weerdt, 2002). List of Nomenclatorial Acts Haliclona lilaceus Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – to Haliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus (cf. de Weerdt, 2002). Haliclona mammillaris Mothes & Lerner, 1994 – to Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris (cf. de Weerdt, 2002). Haliclona aff. tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919) sensu Monks et al., 2002 – to Haliclona (Reniera) aff. tubifera (cf. de Weerdt, 2002). Mycale escarlatei Hajdu et al., 1995 – to Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei (cf. van Soest & Hajdu, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Myxilla chilensis Thiele, 1905 – to Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis (cf. van Soest, 2002j; van Soest et al., 2011). Myxilla mucronata Pulitzer-Finali, 1986 – to Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata (cf. van Soest, 2002j; van Soest et al., 2011). Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980 – to Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi (cf. Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011). Raspailia tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 – to Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuis (cf. Hooper, 2002c). Spongia barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 – to Spongia (Spongia) barbara (cf. Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest et al., 2011). Spongia ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 – to Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis (cf. Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest et al., 2011). Spongia lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 – to Spongia (Spongia) lobosa (cf. Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest et al., 2011). Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877 – to Spongia (Spongia) pertusa (cf. Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest et al., 2011). Genus and subgenus transfers (new combinations): Amphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883 – transferred to Sycettusa (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Anchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983 – transferred to Phorbas (based on van Soest, 2002h; van Soest et al., 2011). Aphroceras caminus sensu Ridley, 1881 – transferred to Leucandra (as L. crassior) (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Aphroceras caminus var. crassior sensu Ridley, 1881; Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 – transferred to Leucandra (as L. crassior) (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred to Cornulum (based on Hooper, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred to Scalarispongia (based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011). Cliona carpenteri Hancock, 1849 – transferred to Pione (based on Rützler, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011). Ephydatia anonyma sensu Weltner, 1895 – transferred to Trochospongilla (based on Manconi & Pronzato, 2002). Fibulia aff. bermuda sensu Johnson, 1971; Santos et al., 1999 – transferred to Strongylacidon (based on van Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011). Grantessa flamma sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 – transferred to Sycettusa (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Grantessa hastifera sensu Muricy et al., 1991; Muricy & Silva, 1999 – transferred to Sycettusa (based on Borojevic et al, 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Homoeodictya grandis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 – transferred to Isodictya (based on Hajdu & LôboHajdu, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Hymedesmia tenuissima Thiele, 1905 – transferred to Hymenancora (based on van Soest, 2002j; van Soest et al., 2011). Ircinia fascicularis sensu de Laubenfels, 1956; Santos et al., 1999 – transferred to Sarcotragus (as S. fasciculata; based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011). Ircinia fasciculata sensu Johnson, 1971; Hechtel, 1976; Santos et al., 1999 – transferred to Sarcotragus (based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011). Kieplitela aff. antrodes (de Laubenfels, 1954) sensu Johnson, 1971 – transferred to Echinodictyum (based on Hooper, 2002b; van Soest et al., 2011). Leucandra sacculata sensu Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 – transferred to Leucilla (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Leuconia barbata sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 – transferred to Leucandra (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Leuconia caminus sensu Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 – transferred to Leucandra (as L. crassior) (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Leuconia sacculata Carter, 1890 – transferred to Leucilla (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Meyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b – transferred to 203 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Trochospongilla (based on Manconi & Pronzato, 2002). Mycale (Aegogropila) diversisigmata van Soest, 1984 – transferred to Mycale (Naviculina) (based on van Soest & Hajdu, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) tenuissima sensu Hajdu et al., 2004; Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 – transferred to Hymenancora (based on van Soest, 2002j; van Soest et al., 2011). Phoriospongia nigra sensu Santos et al., 2002b – transferred to Clathria (Wilsonella) (based on Hooper, 1996, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011). Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred to Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) (based on van Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011). Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred to Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) (based on van Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011). Psammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884 – transferred to Psammoclema (based on van Soest, 2002e; van Soest et al., 2011). Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred to Clathria (Wilsonella) (based on Hooper, 1996, 2002c; van Soest et al., 2011). Stylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 – transferred to Ptilocaulis (based on Alvarez & Hooper, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred to Craniella (based on van Soest & Rützler, 2002; van Soest et al., 2011). Trachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973 – transferred to Tedania (Trachytedania) (based on van Soest, 2002k; van Soest et al., 2011). Tubella anonyma sensu Gee, 1932; Penney, 1960 – transferred to Trochospongilla (based on Manconi & Pronzato, 2002). Change of taxonomic level from variety to species (new status): Euspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 – 204 changed to Spongia (Spongia) lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 (based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest et al., 2011). Leucandra caminus var. crassior (Ridley, 1881) – changed to Leucandra crassior (Ridley, 1881) (based on Borojevic et al., 2002a; van Soest et al., 2011). Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 – changed to Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 (based on Cook & Bergquist, 2002d; van Soest et al., 2011). Synonymizations: Amphimedon aff. compressa sensu Moraes et al., 2003, 2006; Muricy et al., 2008 – synonymized with Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864. Clathrina cerebrum sensu Borojevic, 1971 – synonymized with Clathrina brasiliensis Solé-Cava et al., 1991. Pandaros sp. sensu Muricy et al., 2008: synonymized with Echinodictyum dendroides Hechtel, 1983. Radiospongilla crateriformis sensu Ezcurra de Drago, 1975b – synonymized with Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983. Spirastrella coccinea sensu Hechtel, 1976 – synonymized with Spirastrella hartmani BouryEsnault et al., 1999. Names removed from synonymy: Leucilla sacculata (Carter, 1890) is not a synonym of Leucilla australiensis Carter (1885) as proposed by Borojevic & Peixinho (1976). It is also not a synonym of Leucilla uter Poléjaeff, 1883 as proposed by Borojevic & Boury-Esnault (1987). Oceanapia robusta sensu Ridley & Dendy, 1887 is not a synonym of Oceanapia atlantica Lévi, 1969 sensu Hechtel, 1976 [= Oceanapia fistulosa (Bowerbank, 1873)]; cf. van Soest (1980), de Weerdt (1985). V. SPECIES NAMES PREVIOUSLY REPORTED FROM BRAZIL BUT NO LONGER ACCEPTED AS VALID RECORDS. Remarks: Misspellings are not included. Only the first reference reporting the name from Brazil is included; other references can be found in the main list. Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Acanthacarnus radovani Boury-Esnault, 1973 Acarnus radovani Acanthodiscus sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 Racekiela sheilae Acervochalina molitba Santos et al., 2002b Chalinula molitba Adocia carbonaria Hechtel, 1976 Neopetrosia carbonaria Agelas sparsus Hechtel, 1976 Agelas dispar Amphoriscus flamma Poléjaeff, 1883 Sycettusa flamma Anchinoe ramosus Hechtel, 1983 Phorbas ramosus Anheteromeyenia sheilae Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1988 Racekiela sheilae Anthosigmella varians Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Cliona varians Aphroceras caminus Ridley, 1881 Leucandra crassior Aphroceras caminus var. crassior Ridley, 1881 Leucandra crassior Aphroceras sericatum Ridley, 1881 Vosmaeropsis sericatum Aplysina archeri Lendenfeld, 1889 Aplysina lacunosa Aplysina fistularis f. fulva Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Aplysina fulva Aplysina fistularis fulva Santos et al., 1999 Aplysina fulva Aplysina janusi Santos et al., 2002b Aiolochroia crassa Artemisina tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 Cornulum tylotum Ascetta blanca Haeckel, 1872 Guancha blanca Asteropus simplex Boury-Esnault, 1973 Asteropus brasiliensis Axinella lunaecharta Hechtel, 1976 Dragmacidon reticulatum Axinella reticulata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Dragmacidon reticulatum Azorica pfeifferae Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Leiodermatium pfeifferae 205 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Azorica pfeifferae tenui-laminaris Sollas, 1888 Leiodermatium pfeifferae Basiectyon tenuis Hechtel, 1976 Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuis Cacospongia cincta Boury-Esnault, 1973 Scalarispongia cincta Cacospongia compacta Poléjaeff, 1884 Psammocinia compacta Callyspongia armigera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea Callyspongia ramosa Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp. Callyspongia robusta Hechtel, 1976 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp. Carmia microsigmatosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa Chalina coppingeri Ridley, 1881 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri Chalina pergamentacea Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea Chondrilla phyllodes Carter, 1890 Spirastrella hartmani Chondrillina phylloides Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Spirastrella hartmani Chondrosia arenifera Santos et al., 2002b Chondropsis arenifera Chondrosia reniformis Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Chondrosia sp. Chondrosia reniformis Junqueira et al., 2004 record invalidated; based on unpublished academic work Cinachyra alloclada Johnson, 1971 Cinachyrella alloclada Cinachyra apion Hechtel, 1976 Cinachyrella apion Cinachyra kukenthali Hechtel, 1976 Cinachyrella kuekenthali Cinachyra rhizophyta Johnson, 1971 Cinachyrella alloclada Cladochalina armigera var. pergamentacea Ridley, 1881 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea Clathrina blanca Borojevic, 1971 Guancha blanca Clathrina cerebrum Borojevic, 1971 Clathrina brasiliensis Clathrina primordialis Borojevic, 1971 Clathrina conifera Cliona carpenteri Boury-Esnault, 1973 Pione carpenteri 206 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Cliona viridis var. carteri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Cliona carteri Corvomeyenia heterosclera Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera Corvospongilla boehmi de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 Corvospongilla seckti Corvospongilla böhmii Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 Corvospongilla seckti Corvospongilla novae terrae Carvalho, 1969 Corvospongilla volkmeri Coscinospongia typus Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Corallistes typus Crellomyxilla chilensis Hajdu & Lopes, 2007 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis Crelloxea spinosa Hechtel, 1983 Crella (Grayella) spinosa Cydonium glariosus Sollas, 1886a Geodia glariosa Darwinella aurea Müller, 1865 Darwinella muelleri Darwinia mülleri Schultze, 1865 Darwinella muelleri Dasychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa Desmacidon reptans Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Desmapsamma anchorata Dictyonella ruetzleri Muricy et al., 1991 Scopalina ruetzleri Donatia lyncurium Carter, 1890 Tethya aurantium Dragmacidon reticulata Menezes et al., 2010 Dragmacidon reticulatum Dragmacidon reticulatus Mothes et al., 2003 Dragmacidon reticulatum Drulia batesii Gray, 1867a Drulia brownii Drulia corallioides Gray, 1867a Uruguaya corallioides Dysidea cana Hechtel, 1976 [unrecognizable] Dysidea dubia Hechtel, 1976 [unrecognizable] Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) helwigi Muricy & Moraes, 1998 Desmapsamma anchorata Echinostylinos (?) unguiferus Collette & Rützler, 1977 Monanchora arbuscula Ectoforcepia trilabis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis Ectyomyxilla kerguelenensis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis 207 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Ephydatia anonyma Weltner, 1895 Trochospongilla anonyma Ephydatia crateriformis Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Radiospongilla amazonensis Ephydatia crateriformis forma arndti Carvalho, 1942 Radiospongilla amazonensis Ephydatia crateriformis paranensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967b Radiospongilla amazonensis Ephydatia fluviatilis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1967a Ephydatia facunda Erylus oxyaster Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Erylus diminutus Erylus topsenti Mothes de Moraes, 1981 Erylus soesti Erylus transiens Muricy et al., 2008 Erylus alleni Esperella fusca Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Mycale (Mycale) laevis Esperella nuda Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima Euspongia irregularis var. pertusa Lendenfeld, 1889 Spongia (Spongia) pertusa Euspongia officinalis var. lobosa Poléjaeff, 1884 Spongia (Spongia) lobosa Euspongia tricomalensis Lendenfeld, 1889 Spongia (Spongia) pertusa Fibularia (?) raphidifera Hechtel, 1976 Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera Gastrophanella stylifera Mothes & Silva, 1999 Gastrophanella implexa Geodia (Cydonium) papyracea Hechtel, 1976 Geodia papyracea Geodia eosaster Mothes de Moraes, 1978 Geodia australis Geodia vosmaeri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Geodia neptuni Geodia vosmaeri Boury-Esnault, 1973 Geodia corticostylifera Grantessa flamma Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Sycettusa flamma Grantessa hastifera Muricy et al., 1991 Sycettusa hastifera Halichondria braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 Topsentia ophiraphidites Halichondria lutea Lerner, 1996 Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina Haliclona coppingeri Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri 208 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Haliclona erina de Laubenfels, 1956 Amphimedon erina Haliclona molitba Hechtel, 1976 Chalinula molitba Haliclona pergamentacea Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea Heteromeyenia baileyi Ezcurra de Drago, 1979a Heteromeyenia insignis Heteromeyenia baileyi var. insignis Gee, 1931a Heteromeyenia insignis Heteromeyenia stepanowii Volkmer-Ribeiro et al., 1975 Heteromeyenia cristalina Hircinia compacta Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Psammocinia compacta Hippospongia equina Hechtel, 1976 Spongia (Spongia) barbara Hippospongia equina var. meandriniformis Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Spongia (Spongia) barbara Holopsamma arenifera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Chondropsis arenifera Homoeodictya grandis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Isodictya grandis Hyattella intestinalis Ferreira et al., 2007 Hyattella cavernosa Hymeniacidon sanguinea Carter, 1890 Hymeniacidon perlevis Hymeniacidon sanguineus Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Hymeniacidon perlevis Ianthella ardis Hechtel, 1976 Aiolochroia crassa Ianthella ianthella Johnson, 1971 Aiolochroia crassa Igernella joyeuxi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Igernella notabilis Inflatella bartschi Collette & Rützler, 1977 Oceanapia bartschi Iotrochota bistylata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Iotrochota birotulata Ircinia compacta Hechtel, 1976 Psammocinia compacta Ircinia fascicularis de Laubenfels, 1956 Sarcotragus fasciculatus Ircinia fasciculata Johnson, 1971 Sarcotragus fasciculatus Ircinia longispina Hechtel, 1976 Ircinia strobilina Laxosuberites aurantiaca Mothes & Lerner, 1994 Suberites aurantiacus 209 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Leucandra globosa Muricy et al., 1991 Leucandra rudifera Leucandra sacculata Azevedo & Klautau, 2007 Leucilla sacculata Leucetta microraphis Tanita, 1942a Leucetta floridana Leucilla australiensis Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucilla uter Leucilla ?australiensis Muricy et al., 1991 Paraleucilla magna Leuconia armata Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra armata Leuconia barbata Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra barbata Leuconia caminus Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra crassior Leuconia crosslandi Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra crosslandi Leuconia hentschelii Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976 Leucandra hentschelii Leuconia sacculata Carter, 1890 Leucilla sacculata Metania gregaria Gray, 1867a Trochospongilla gregaria Metania paulata Gray, 1867a Trochospongilla paulula Metania spinata Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986 Metania kiliani Meyenia anonyma Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla anonyma Meyenia facunda Penney, 1960 Ephydatia facunda Meyenia gregaria Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla gregaria Meyenia plumosa var. palmeri Traxler, 1895 Dosilia pydanieli Microciona prolifera Johnson, 1971 Clathria (Clathria) prolifera Monanchora barbadensis Hechtel, 1976 Monanchora arbuscula Mycale (Aegogropila) angulosa Muricy & Silva, 1999 Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa Mycale arenosa Hajdu & Boury-Esnault, 1991 Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Mycale fusca Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Mycale (Mycale) laevis Mycale fusca Solé-Cava et al., 1981 Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Mycale nuda Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima 210 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Mycale senegalensis Junqueira et al., 2004 record not valid; based on unpublished academic study Myriastra anancora Boury-Esnault, 1973 Stelletta anancora Myriastra purpurea Mothes de Moraes, 1985a Stelletta beae Myrmekioderma styx de Rosa-Barbosa, 1995 Myrmekioderma rea Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) tenuissima Hajdu et al., 2004 Hymenancora tenuissima Myxilla (?) plumosa var. fusifera Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Phorbas plumosus Nardoa pelagica Ridley, 1881 Sycettusa pelagica Normania goliath Sollas, 1886a Characella aspera Oceanapia atlantica Hechtel, 1976 Oceanapia fistulosa Oceanapia isodictyiformis Muricy et al., 1991 Oceanapia nodosa Oceanapia robusta Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Oceanapia fistulosa Pachataxa lutea Moraes et al., 2003 Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus Pachychalina fibrosa Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa Paresperella spinosigma Boury-Esnault, 1973 [nomen nudum; cf. Hajdu & Rützler, 1998] Parmula batesi Weltner, 1895 Drulia brownii Parmula batesii Carter, 1881b Drulia brownii Parmula browni Weltner, 1895 Drulia brownii Parmula brownii Carter, 1881b Drulia brownii Parmula brownii var. tuberculata Potts, 1887 Drulia brownii Parmula cristata Weltner, 1895 Drulia cristata Perissinella fosteri Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis fosteri Phakellia ventilabrum Hechtel, 1976 Phakellia connexiva Phakellia ventilabrum var. connexiva Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Phakellia connexiva Phoriospongia nigra Santos et al., 2002b Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra Pilochrota anancora Sollas, 1886a Stelletta anancora 211 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Pilochrota crassispicula Sollas, 1886a Stelletta crassispicula Pilochrota gigas Sollas, 1886a Stelletta gigas Plakortis simplex Boury-Esnault, 1973 Plakortis angulospiculatus Poecillastra sollasi Hajdu et al., 2004 Characella pachastrelloides Polymastia mammilaris Mothes de Moraes, 1985b Polymastia janeirensis Prianus grayi Hechtel, 1983 Xestospongia grayi Pronax plumosa Hechtel, 1976 Phorbas plumosus Protosuberites aurantiaca Lerner et al., 2006 Suberites aurantiacus Protosuberites aurantiacus Santos et al., 2004 Suberites aurantiacus Psammochela recife Boury-Esnault, 1973 Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife Psammochela tylota Boury-Esnault, 1973 Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota Psammopemma porosum Poléjaeff, 1884 Psammoclema porosum Psammotoxa nigra Boury-Esnault, 1973 Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra Pseudaxinella lunaecharta Collette & Rützler, 1977 Dragmacidon reticulatum Pseudaxinella reticulata Muricy & Moraes, 1998 Dragmacidon reticulatum Pseudoceratina crassa Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aiolochroia crassa Pseudosuberites melanos Mothes de Moraes & Pauls, 1979 Spheciospongia vesparium Radiospongilla crateriformis Kilian & Wintermann-Kilian, 1976 Radiospongilla amazonensis Radiospongilla ornata de Rosa-Barbosa, 1984 Anheteromeyenia ornata Raspailia elegans Rangel et al., 2001 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) elegans Muricy & Silva, 1999 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Raspaxilla elegans Boury-Esnault, 1973 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Rhaphidophlus basiarenacea Boury-Esnault, 1973 Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea Rhaphidophlus gracilis Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Clathria (Thalysias) procera Rhaphidophlus minutus Muricy et al., 1991 Clathria (Thalysias) minuta 212 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Rhizochalina fistulosa Ridley & Dendy, 1887 Oceanapia fistulosa Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983 Oceanapia nodulosa Rhizochalina oleracea Hechtel, 1976 Oceanapia oleracea Rhizochalina putridosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Oceanapia putridosa Sidonops neptuni Sollas, 1889 Geodia neptuni Sphinctrella cribrifera Sollas, 1888 Vulcanella (Vulcanella) cribrifera Spirastrella cunctatrix de Laubenfels, 1956 Spirastrella hartmani Spirastrella cuspidifera Hechtel, 1976 Cervicornia cuspidifera Spirastrella varians Hechtel, 1976 Cliona varians Spongelia cana var. cincta Hyatt, 1877 [unrecognizable] Spongelia dubia var. mollior Hyatt, 1877 [unrecognizable] Spongelia pallescens fragilis var. ramosa Poléjaeff, 1884 Dysidea fragilis Spongia bresiliana Boury-Esnault, 1973 Hyattella cavernosa Spongia equina var. meandriniformis Hyatt, 1877 Spongia (Spongia) barbara Spongia fulva Pallas, 1766 Aplysina fulva Spongia obliqua Santos et al., 2002b [invalidated (quoted Hechtel, 1976, but that paper contains no such record)] Spongia officinalis Hechtel, 1976 (quoting Hyatt, 1877) Spongia (Spongia) pertusa Spongia officinalis Hechtel, 1976 (quoting Poléjaeff, 1884) Spongia (Spongia) lobosa Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. mollis Hyatt, 1877 Spongia (Spongia) pertusa Spongia trincomalensis Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Spongia (Spongia) pertusa Spongia vermiculata Hechtel, 1976 Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis Hyatt, 1877 Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis Spongia vermiculata ditelliformis Santos et al., 2002b Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis 213 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Spongia virgultosa Boury-Esnault, 1973 Hyattella cavernosa Spongilla brownii Bowerbank, 1863 Drulia brownii Spongilla corallioides Bowerbank, 1863 Uruguaya corallioides Spongilla franciscana Lutz & Machado, 1915 Drulia brownii Spongilla gregaria Bowerbank, 1863 Trochospongilla gregaria Spongilla jewelli Volkmer, 1963b Oncosclera jewelli Spongilla navicella Carter, 1881b Oncosclera navicella Spongilla paulula Bowerbank, 1863 Trochospongilla paulula Spongilla recurvata Bowerbank, 1863 Acalle recurvata Spongilla reticulata Bowerbank, 1863 Metania reticulata Spongilla spoliata Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 (in part) Pottsiela spoliata Spongilla spoliata Volkmer-Ribeiro & Maciel, 1983 (in part) Pottsiela pesae Spongilla wagneri Weltner, 1895 Spongilla alba Stelletta incrustata Hajdu & Carvalho, 2003; Esteves & Muricy, 2005 [both cited in introduction only] [invalidated – based on an unpublished Ph.D. Thesis] Stelletta (Pilochrota) anancora Hechtel, 1976 Stelletta anancora Stelletta purpurea Mothes & Lerner, 1994 Stelletta beae Stelospongus longispinus Poléjaeff, 1884 Ircinia strobilina Stoeba latex Moraes & Muricy, 2007a Dercitus (Stoeba) latex Stratospongilla brasiliensis Ezcurra de Drago, 1978 Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis Stylaxinella bistyla Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis bistyla Stylaxinella braziliensis Hechtel, 1983 Ptilocaulis braziliensis Stylinos braziliensis Santos et al., 2002b Ptilocaulis braziliensis Stylocordyla stipitata Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Stylocordyla borealis Suberites janeirensis Boury-Esnault, 1973 Polymastia janeirensis 214 Species Names Previously Reported From Brazil But no Longer Accepted as Valid Records Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Suberites massa Carter, 1890 Suberites carnosus Sycandra alopecurus Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla Sycandra ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla Sycarium ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla Sycandra petiolata Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla Sycarium synapta Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synapta Syconella ampulla Haeckel, 1872 Sycon ampulla Syculmis synapta Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synapta Sycurus synapta Schmidt in Haeckel, 1872 Amphoriscus synapta Synops neptuni Sollas, 1886a Geodia neptuni Synops vosmaeri Sollas, 1886a Geodia neptuni Tedania anhelans Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Tedania) ignis Tedania mucosa Mothes et al., 2000 Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata Tedania murdochi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata Teichaxinella corrugata Lerner, 1996 Axinella corrugata Tethya cranium Carter, 1890 Craniella cranium Tethya lyncurium Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Tethya aurantium Tethytimea maza Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Tethya maza Tetilla cranium Mello-Leitão et al., 1961 Craniella cranium Timea agnani Boury-Esnault, 1973 Cyamon vickersii Toxochalina robusta Mothes de Moraes, 1985b Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Toxochalina robusta Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) sp. Trachygellius corticata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Craniella corticata Trachytedania biraphidora Boury-Esnault, 1973 Tedania (Trachytedania) biraphidora Tubella anonyma Gee, 1932 Trochospongilla anonyma 215 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Name Originally Used First Report FROM BRAZIL Accepted Name Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a,b (in part) Metania reticulata Tubella mello-leitãoi Machado, 1947a,b (in part) Trochospongilla pennsylvanica Tubella paulula Carter, 1881b Trochospongilla paulula Tubella recurvata Carter, 1881b Acalle recurvata Tubella reticulata Carter, 1881b Metania reticulata Tubella spinata Carter, 1881b Metania spinata Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) Metania spinata Tubella thumi Traxler, 1895 (in part) Corvomeyenia thumi Ulosa ruetzleri Muricy, 1989 Scopalina ruetzleri Uruguaya repens Weltner, 1895 (in part) Uruguaya corallioides Uruguaya repens Weltner, 1895 (in part) Trochospongilla repens Uruguayella amazonica Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 Trochospongilla amazonica Uruguayella ringueleti Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 Uruguaya corallioides Verongia capensis de Laubenfels, 1956 [unrecognizable] Verongia cauliformis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina cauliformis Verongia fistularis de Laubenfels, 1956 Aplysina fistularis Verongia fistularis f. fistularis Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina fistularis Verongia fistularis f. fulva Collette & Rützler, 1977 Aplysina fulva Verongia fulva Johnson, 1971 Aplysina fulva Verongia janusi Boury-Esnault, 1973 Aiolochroia crassa Verongia longissima de Laubenfels, 1956 Aplysina cauliformis Verongia tenuissima Poléjaeff, 1884 Aplysina lacunosa Vioa carteri Ridley, 1881 Cliona carteri Zygomycale parishii de Laubenfels, 1956 Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa 216 VI. LIST OF SPECIES BY LOCALITY The states have been listed under five administrative regions: Midwest, North, Northeast, Southeast and South. Within each region states and localities are listed alphabetically, and in each locality the species are listed alphabetically by genera. For freshwater sponges, the hydrographic basins and water bodies (rivers, lakes, ponds, creeks) of inland localities were also recorded. Species identified in supraspecific levels, as “cf.” or as “aff.” were not included. Midwest Region: Goiás State: Corumbaíba (Corumbá River, Libório Stream): Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens. Ipameri (Santo Antônio Stream): Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens. Nova Crixás (Crixás Açu River): Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla repens. Paraúna (Turvo River): Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis. São Miguel do Araguaia (Araguaia River, Crixás Açu River): Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Drulia ctenosclera, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Oncosclera navicella, Pottsiela pesae, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula, Uruguaya corallioides. São Simão (Alecrim Pond): Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata. Mato Grosso State: Locality not informed (Xingú River, Garapu Creek, Sete de Setembro River, Culuene River, Tapirapés River): Drulia brownii, Metania reticulata, Pottsiela spoliata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica. Barra do Garças (Liberdade River, Bento Gomes River): Drulia brownii. Cáceres (Paraguai River): Oncosclera navicella. Campo Novo do Parecís (do Sangue River): Metania spinata. Chapada dos Guimarães (Manso River): Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis, Eunapius fragilis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola, Trochospongilla repens. Cocalinho (Araguaia River, Brito Lake, Comprido Lake, Cristalino River, Goiaba Lake, Lagoão, Luiz Alves Lake, Montaria Lake, Varal Lake): Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis. Mato Grosso do Sul State: Paranaíba (Araré Pond): Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata. Taquarussu (Esperança River, Samambaia Lake): Corvospongilla seckti, Dosilia pydanieli, Heterorotula fistula, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis. Três Lagoas (Paraná River): Corvomeyenia thumi, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens, Uruguaya corallioides. North Region: State not informed (freshwater) (Amazonas or Pará): Uruguaya corallioides. State not informed (marine) (Amapá or Pará): Off the mouth of the Amazon River: Agelas clathrodes, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina 217 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) villosa, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) biclavata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Geodia neptuni, Ircinia strobilina, Isodictya grandis, Monanchora arbuscula, Oceanapia bartschi, Placospongia carinata, Plakortis halichondrioides, Thrinacophora funiformis, Xestospongia muta. reticulata, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla paulula. Eirunepé (Juruá River): Drulia brownii, Metania reticulata, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla paulula. Manaus (Cuieiras River, Negro River, Solimões River, Marchantaria Island, Manaus harbour, Tarumã-Mirim Creek, Tupé Lake): Acre State: No records. Amapá State: Locality not informed (marine): Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Chondrilla nucula complex, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita, Niphates erecta. Off Amapá (including 02o57’00”N–49o04’00”W; 02o40’05”N–48o03’W): Biemna microacanthosigma, Biemna trisigmata, Grantia kempfi, Ircinia strobilina, Neopetrosia proxima, Niphates alba, Placospongia melobesioides. Off Calçoene (including 03o54’00”N–49o45’00”W; 03o16’00”N–49o15’05”W; 03o49’N–49o40’W; 04o13’00”N– 50o31’00”W): Biemna spinomicroxea, Neopetrosia proxima, Niphates erecta, Plakinastrella onkodes, Sycettusa flamma, Terpios belindae, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Acalle recurvata, Drulia brownii, Drulia ctenosclera, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania reticulata, Metania subtilis, Oncosclera intermedia, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica. Maués (Maués-Açú River): Drulia brownii. Novo Airão (do Prato Lake): Drulia uruguayensis. Parintins (Amazonas River): Acalle recurvata, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla paulula. Presidente Figueiredo (Uatumã River, Urubu Stream): Anheteromeyenia ornata, Drulia cristata, Drulia ctenosclera, Drulia uruguayensis, Metania spinata, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata. Pará State: Amazonas State: Locality not informed (freshwater) (rivers Amazonas, Locality not informed (freshwater) (Tapajós River): Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii. Branco, Branquinho, Casiquiaré, Negro, Cuieiras Locality not informed (marine) (off the mouth of the (Amataura and Cachoeira creeks), Solimões, Tarumã- Amazonas River): Mirim, Preto da Eva, Uatumã, Juruá, Tefé-Ega, Tapajós, Agelas dispar, Geodia neptuni, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita. Off Augusto Corrêa (including 00o38’N–45o52’05”W): Clathrina ascandroides, Clathrina reticulum, Leucascus simplex, Leucetta floridana. Marabá (Serra dos Carajás, Itacaiúnas River): Corvomeyenia thumi, Drulia cristata. Off Marajó Island (including 01o57’05”N–47o13’05”W; Itú, Garapú, Tupana): Drulia brownii, Drulia conifera, Drulia cristata, Drulia ctenosclera, Metania fittkaui, Metania kiliani, Metania reticulata, Metania spinata, Metania subtilis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela spoliata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Spongilla alba, Trochospongilla amazonica, Trochospongilla anonyma, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla variabilis, Uruguaya corallioides. Carauari (Juruá River, Conceição do Raimundo): Acalle recurvata, Drulia brownii, Metania 218 01o50’N–47o28’05”W): Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra armata. Óbidos (Amazonas River, Lago Grande): Drulia brownii, Metania spinata. Oriximiná (Trombetas River): Corvomeyenia thumi, Drulia conifera, List of Species by Locality Pottsiela spoliata. Rurópolis (Tambor River): Oncosclera navicella. Off Salinópolis (00o23.0’S–47o16.1’W): Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita. Santana do Araguaia (Araguaia River, da Mata Pond): Acalle recurvata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula. Santarém (Arapiuns River, Tapajós River, Maró River, Curuá-Una River): Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Drulia conifera, Drulia cristata, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera intermedia, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla variabilis. São João de Pirabas: Pirabas Formation (OligoMiocene): †Aphrocallistes estevoui, †Aphrocallistes lobata, †Manzonia aprutina. Tucuruí (Tocantins River, Nazaré dos Patos): Acanthotylotra alvarengai, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia conifera, Drulia ctenosclera, Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata, Trochospongilla repens. Rondônia State: Locality not informed (Guaporé River): Drulia brownii. Candeias do Jamari (Jamari River): Oncosclera spinifera. Porto Velho (Jamari River, Verde River): Drulia cristata, Drulia uruguayensis, Metania fittkaui, Oncosclera navicella, Pottsiela pesae, Pottsiela spoliata, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica. Roraima State: Altamira (Iriri River): Pottsiela pesae. Alto Alegre (Uraricoera River, Maracá Island, Serrinha Creek): Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. Amajari (Ereu River): Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera spinifera, Spongilla spoliata, Uruguaya corallioides. Boa Vista (Cauamé River): Pottsiela pesae. Bonfim (da Arraia Creek): Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera spinifera, Pottsiela pesae, Uruguaya corallioides. Caracaraí (Bem Querer Waterfall): Pottsiela pesae. Caroebe (Jatapu H.P.S.): Pottsiela pesae. Normandia (Caracaranã Lake): Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. Tocantins State: Araguatins (Araguaia River, Taquari River): Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia cristata, Drulia ctenosclera, Drulia uruguayensis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera schubarti, Oncosclera spinifera, Oncosclera tonollii, Pottsiela pesae, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis. Caseara (Araguaia River, da Queimada Pond): Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Drulia cristata, Drulia uruguayensis, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla repens. Lagoa da Confusão (Urubu River, Jacarés Pond, Pond 2): Acalle recurvata, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Trochospongilla gregaria, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula. Sandolândia (Araguaia River): Corvospongilla seckti, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera spinifera, Trochospongilla repens. NORTHEAST REGION: State not informed (freshwater): Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera. State not informed (marine): Agelas dispar, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Chalinula molitba, Cliona varians, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Timea stellifasciata. Alagoas State: Locality not informed (marine): 219 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Cliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia neptuni, Ircinia strobilina, Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Off Barra de Camaragibe (09o24’02”S–35o18’02”W): Grantia kempfi. Off Barra de Santo Antonio (09o27’08”S–35o12’07”W): Leucetta floridana. Barra de São Miguel (Niquim River): Ephydatia facunda. Off Coruripe (10o12’06”S–36o00’05”W): Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana. Off Japaratinga (including 09o05’S–034o50’W; 09o27’08”S–35o12’07”W): Characella aspera, Corallistes typus, Geodia neptuni, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Phakellia connexiva. Maceió (freshwater) (Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoons): Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Spongilla alba, Trochospongilla paulula. Maceió and off Maceió (marine) (including Ponta Verde Reef; 9o40’S–35o18’W; 10º11’S–35º22’W; 10o09’S–35o11’W; 09o41’04”S–35o28’02”W; 09o46’02”S– 35o34’07”W; 09o46’02”S–35o34’07”W): Agelas dispar, Amphimedon complanata, Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina fulva, Chalinula molitba, Chondrilla nucula complex, Chondrosia collectrix, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cliona varians, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Echinodictyum dendroides, Euplectella suberea, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia papyracea, Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana, Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata, Niphates erecta, Penares anisoxia, Pheronema carpenteri, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella coccinea, Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tethya maza, Thenea fenestrata, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Off Maragogi (including off Barra Grande; 09o09’S– 034o53’W; 09o01’00”S–34o51’02”W; 09o01’05”S– 35o01’03”W; 09o01’05”S–35o01’03”W): Aplysina lacunosa, Cacospongia levis, Geodia neptuni, Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Marechal Deodoro and off Marechal Deodoro (including 09 53’03”S–35 41’03”W): o o Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina fulva, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. 220 Off Paripueira (09o41’04”S–35o23’02”W; 09o41’S–35o18’W): Grantia kempfi. Passo de Camaragibe: Geodia papyracea. Off Piaçabuçu (including Pontal do Peba; 10o24’05”S– 36o13’02”W; 10o26’03”S–36o03’03”W; 10o28’09”S –36o15’05”W; 10o30’02”S–36o05’05”W): Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Santana do Ipanema (Ipanema River): Spongilla alba. Off São Miguel dos Milagres (09o20’06”S–35o10’07”W): Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata. Bahia State: Locality not informed (freshwater) (Grande River, Carinhanha River): Drulia brownii. Locality not informed (marine): Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Amphoriscus synapta, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Cliona celata complex, Cliona delitrix, Cliona varians, Didiscus oxeata, Erylus formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia strobilina, Monanchora arbuscula, Polymastia janeirensis, Spheciospongia vesparium, Stelletta anancora, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Verongula gigantea. Abrolhos Region (including Abrolhos Archipelago, Parcel dos Abrolhos, Parcel das Paredes, Timbebas Reef, California Reef, etc.): Aplysina alcicornis, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina cristagallus, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina insularis, Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) laboreli, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Cliona celata complex, Dysidea janiae, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana, Monanchora arbuscula, Stelletta anasteria, Tethya brasiliana, Tethya cyanae, Tethya ignis, Tethya rubra. Off Abrolhos (including 17o42’S–37o30’W; 17o55’S– 37o30’W; 18o06’S–38o42’W; 18o09’S–38o20’W; 18o09’S– 38o30’W; 18.023oS–37.365oW; 18.059oS–37.315oW): Acarnus toxeata, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Grantia kempfi, Guancha tetela, Hyattella cavernosa, Leucandra armata, Leucandra barbata, Leucetta List of Species by Locality floridana, Leucilla uter, Stelletta anancora, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Açú da Torre: Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides. Barra (Grande River, Paramirim River): Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla paulula. Off Belmonte (including 15o47’S–38o45’W; 15.828oS– 38.607oW; 16o02’S–38o28’05”W; 16.117oS–38.170oW): Agelas schmidti, Agelas tubulata, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina orthoreticulata, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Diplastrella megastellata, Grantia kempfi, Hyattella cavernosa, Iotrochota birotulata, Leucilla uter, Monanchora arbuscula. Off Boipeba (including 20.402oS–39.923oW): Agelas conifera, Agelas schmidti, Agelas tubulata, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Hyattella cavernosa. Camaçari (Guarajuba Beach): Acanthotetilla walteri, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Yucatania sphaeroidocladus. Off Canavieiras (15.568oS–38.830oW): Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Geodia glariosa. Casa Nova: Heteromeyenia cristalina. Hotspur Seamount (including 17.797oS–35.881oW; 17.800oS–35.875oW; 18.023oS–35.891oW): Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea. Off Ilhéus (14.808oS–38.917oW): Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Hyattella cavernosa. Irecê (Jacaré River): Racekiela cavernicola. Itacaré: Aplysina fulva. Itaparica Island: Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina fulva, Craniella quirimure, Geodia gibberosa. Jaguaripe (13o02.857’S–038o48.857’W): Craniella quirimure. Maraú (including Camamu Bay; 13o58’S–038o59’W; 14o04’49”S–38o49’36”W): Craniella quirimure, Thrombus kittoni. Mata de São João (Praia do Forte): Cliona celata complex. Minerva Seamount (including 17.098oS–36.752oW; 17.042oS–37.608oW): Agelas clathrodes, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Verongula gigantea. Nova Viçosa: Aplysina fulva. Porto Seguro and off Porto Seguro: Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina lacunosa, Cliona varians, Geodia glariosa. Prado and off Prado (including Corumbau and Cumuruxatiba districts): Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Clathria (Clathria) calypso, Geodia glariosa. Rodgers Seamount (including 17.066oS–36.808oW; 17.103oS–36.741oW): Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Hyattella cavernosa. Royal Charlotte Seamount: Aplysina pseudolacunosa. Salvador (freshwater) (Parque do Abaeté): Corvomeyenia thumi. Salvador and off Salvador (marine) (including Todos os Santos Bay; 12o56’S–38o33’W; 12o57.7’S–38o31.1’W; 13.054oS–38.422oW; 13.075oS–38.392oW; 13o17.580’S– 38o17.599’W): Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina insularis, Axinella corrugata, Axinella echidnaea, Cacospongia amorpha, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea, Caminus sphaeroconia, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Clathria (Thalysias) procera, Cliona celata complex, Cliona delitrix, Cliona dioryssa, Craniella carteri, Desmapsamma anchorata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Dysidea fragilis, Dysidea janiae, Dysidea robusta, Erylus formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Geodia papyracea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Hyattella cavernosa, Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia felix, Leiodermatium pfeifferae, Lophocalyx reiswigi, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Mycale) laevis, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Oceanapia fistulosa, Oceanapia nodosa, Oceanapia putridosa, Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, Phorbas plumosus, Placospongia cristata, Plakortis angulospiculatus, Psammocinia compacta, Psammoclema porosum, Raspailia (Raspailia) tenuis, Samus anonymus, Scolopes moseleyi, Spongia (Spongia) lobosa, Stelletta 221 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera anancora, Stelletta crassispicula, Stelletta kallitetilla, Stelletta soteropolitana, Stylocordyla borealis, Suberites aurantiacus, Sycettusa flamma, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Thrinacophora funiformis, Topsentia ophiraphidites, Tribrachium schmidtii, Verongula gigantea. Off Santa Cruz de Cabrália (16o15’S–38o52’W): Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Santo Antonio Seamount: Aaptos bergmanni, Aplysina cauliformis, Phorbas ramosus. Sento Sé (São Francisco River, Sem-Sem Lake): Oncosclera navicella. Off Trancoso (including 16.786oS–37.686oW; 16o34’01.55”S–38o46’18.20”W): Aplysina fulva. Valença and off Valença (including Morro de São Paulo district; 13o18’S–38o42’W; 13o28’S–38o50’W; 13o28’S– 38o48’W; 13o22.173’S–038o36.566’W): Aplysina fulva, Dysidea fragilis, Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia ramosa, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita. Off Caucaia (03o12’S–38o30’W): Leucetta floridana. Fortaleza and off Fortaleza (including 02o49’S–38o15’W; 03o34.399’S–038o22.840’W): Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Amphimedon compressa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina muricyana, Aplysina solangeae, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathria (Clathria) prolifera, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ectyoplasia ferox, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Hyalonema (Coscinonema) schmidti, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana, Monanchora arbuscula, Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, Sarcotragus fasciculatus, Sigmaxinella cearense, Topsentia ophiraphidites. Off Itarema (including 02o10’S–39o50’W; 02o22’S– 39o36’W): Clathrina atlantica, Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra armata, Leucetta floridana. Trairi and off Trairi (including Flexeiras Beach; 02o52’05”S–38o49’W; 02o52’S–39o04’W): Ceará State: Locality not informed (freshwater): Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Heterorotula fistula, Radiospongilla amazonensis. Locality not informed (marine): Agelas dispar, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Erylus formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Hippospongia lachne, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta potiguar, Sarcotragus fasciculatus. Off Acaraú (02o04’S–40o13’W): Leucetta floridana. Off Beberibe (3o50.5598’S–37o37.6930’W): Agelas dispar, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Erylus formosus. Off Bitupitá (02o20’S–41o20’W): Leucetta floridana. Camocim (including ‘near’ and ‘off’ Camocim; 02o20’S– 40o47’W): Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Hippospongia lachne, Leucilla uter, Sarcotragus fasciculatus. Canoa Quebrada: Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa. Canopus Seamount (02o15’S–38o15’W): Leucetta floridana. 222 Amphimedon viridis, Chondrilla nucula complex, Echinodictyum dendroides, Leucetta floridana, Placospongia intermedia, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Maranhão State: Locality not informed (marine): Erylus alleni, Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni, Oceanapia nodosa, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis. Off Araioses (02o12’00”S–41o48’00”W): Erylus formosus, Ulosa longimycalostylifera. Barreirinhas (da Pedra Pond, Vassouras Pond): Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera. Off Barreirinhas (including 01o55’00”S–42o44’00”W; 01o57’01”S–42o24’15”w; 01o57’01”S–42o23’15”W): Agelas dispar, Oceanapia bartschi, Topsentia ophiraphidites. Off Cururupu (00o51’44”S–44o21’24”W): Agelas sceptrum, Amphimedon caribica, Neopetrosia proxima. Penalva (Pindarí River, Formoso Lake): Heteromeyenia cristalina. Santo Amaro do Maranhão (Lençóis Maranhenses, do Pico Pond, Lagoinha, Cajueiro Pond): Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. List of Species by Locality Off São Luís (including 00o35’12”S–43o20’55”W; 00o56’S– Leucetta floridana. Sousa (Redonda Pond): 43o41’05”W; 01o51’00”S–43o48’00”W): Agelas wiedenmayeri, Amphimedon caribica, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae, Leucetta floridana, Myrmekioderma rea, Neopetrosia proxima, Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Niphates erecta, Oceanapia bartschi, Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi, Timea bioxyasterina, Topsentia ophiraphidites, Xestospongia muta. Off Serrano do Maranhão (00o22’00”S–44o12’00”W; 00º03’N–44º32’W; 00o31’00”S–44o16’00”W): Corvospongilla volkmeri. Pernambuco State: Locality not informed (marine): Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrosia collectrix, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella apion, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Cliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Erylus formosus, Euplectella suberea, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia strobilina, Placospongia carinata, Spheciospongia vesparium, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Off Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08o16’07”S–34o54’01”W; Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus alleni, Oceanapia nodosa, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Topsentia ophiraphidites. Off Turiaçu (00o11’13”N–44o46’12”W; 00o20’38”S– 08o16’02”S–34o51’07”W; 08o17’04”S–34o52’02”W; 44 17’38”W; 00 20’50”N–45 00’06”W; 00 22’N–44 52’W; 08o19’09”S–34o53’05”W; 08o19’S–34o39’W; 08o20’S– 00 27’03”N–45 34’85”W): 34o39’W): Agelas sceptrum, Amphimedon caribica, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Neopetrosia proxima, Neopetrosia subtriangularis, Niphates erecta, Niphates lutea, Oceanapia bartschi, Xestospongia muta. Tutóia (freshwater) (Lençóis Maranhenses, da Coceira Cinachyrella apion, Echinodictyum dendroides, Grantia kempfi, Leucandra armata, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Fernando de Noronha Archipelago: Acarnus innominatus, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aka coralliphaga, Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina fulva, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea, Chondrilla nucula complex, Chondrosia collectrix, Chondropsis arenifera, Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea, Clathria (Thalysias) minuta, Clathrina aurea, Cliona carteri, Cliona varians, Craniella cranium, Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus, Dercitus (Stoeba) latex, Desmanthus meandroides, Diplastrella megastellata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus alleni, Erylus formosus, Gastrophanella cavernicola, Geodia papyracea, Hymeniacidon perlevis, Igernella notabilis, Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia felix, Ircinia strobilina, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla sacculata, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria, Niphates amorpha, Niphates erecta, Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi, Phorbas amaranthus, Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Plakortis angulospiculatus, Plakortis insularis, Ptilocaulis bistyla, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella hartmani, Spongia (Spongia) barbara, Spongia (Spongia) ditelliformis, Spongia (Spongia) pertusa, Suberites carnosus, Tethya aurantium, Topsentia ophiraphidites, o o o o o o o Pond, Vidro Pond, Pedra Hume Pond, Ponta do Arpoador Pond, Ponta do Mangue Pond): Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyenia thumi, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. Tutóia and off Tutóia (marine) (including 02o12’S– 42o25’W; off Parnaíba River Delta): Agelas schmidti, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita, Neopetrosia proxima. Paraíba State: Locality not informed (marine): Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni, Monanchora arbuscula, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Off João Pessoa (06o56’34”S–33o49’07”W; 07o08’S– 34o26’W): Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter. Off Pitimbu (including 7o29’S–34o30’W; 7o29’S–34o29’W; 07o29’00”S–34o45’00”W): Aiolochroia crassa, Dysidea fragilis, Erylus corneus, Erylus formosus, Geodia neptuni, Grantessa anisactina, Leucilla uter, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife, Penares chelotropa, Rhabdastrella virgula, Tethya japonica. Off Rio Tinto (06o47’S–34o36’W): 223 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Vosmaeropsis sericatum, Xestospongia grayi, Xestospongia muta. Off Goiana (07o40’02”S–34o43’02”W; 07o40’S–34o28’07”W): Grantia kempfi, Leucetta floridana. Ipojuca: Suberites aurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tethya rubra. Itamaracá Island and off Itamaracá (including 07o42’S– 34o46’05”W; 07o44’03”S–34o37’03”W; 07o45’S–34o33’W; 07o45’S–34o43’05”W; 07o45’S–34o46’08”W): Leucandra armata, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter. Jaboatão dos Guararapes (Olho d’Água Lagoon): Crella (Grayella) spinosa. Off Olinda (08o00’S–34o32’03”W; 08o00’S–34o39’07”W; 08o00’S–34o46’W; 08o01’05”S–34o39’03”W): Leucandra armata, Leucetta floridana, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Paulista and off Paulista (including Maria Farinha Beach; 07o50’S–34o44’05”W): Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona celata complex, Echinodictyum dendroides, Leucilla uter, Thrinacophora funiformis. Off Porto de Galinhas (including 8o25’S–34o48’W; 8o28’S– 34o55’W): Cornulum tylotum, Dysidea fragilis, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia campana, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) recife, Placospongia cristata, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Recife and off Recife (including 08o06’04”S–34o49’04”W; 08o09’03”S–34o49’03”W; 08o09’09”S–34o45’08”W; 08o10’04”S–34o45’05”W; 08o11’S–34o45’03”W; 08o11’S– 34o50’08”W; 08o14’01”S–34o51’05”W; 8o15’S–34o42’W; 08o16’01”S–34o19’09”W; 8o19’S–34o39’W; 8o22’S–34o44’W; 8o23’S–34o42’W): Aaptos bergmanni, Acarnus radovani, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Ascaltis poterium, Asteropus brasiliensis, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Cervicornia cuspidifera, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Clathria (Microciona) calla, Clathria (Wilsonella) nigra, Clathrina reticulum, Cliona schmidti, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) raphidifera, Craniella corticata, Desmapsamma anchorata, Dysidea etheria, Fasciospongia caliculata, Gelliodes ramosa, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Geodia papyracea, Geodia tylastra, Grantia kempfi, Hippospongia lachne, Hyattella cavernosa, Igernella notabilis, Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia pauciarenaria, Ircinia strobilina, Leucandra 224 armata, Leucandra barbata, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Neopetrosia carbonaria, Oceanapia nodulosa, Pione carpenteri, Placospongia carinata, Plakina trilopha, Ptilocaulis bistyla, Ptilocaulis braziliensis, Ptilocaulis fosteri, Rhabdastrella fibrosa, Sarcotragus fasciculatus, Scalarispongia cincta, Scolopes moseleyi, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spheciospongia symbiotica, Spirastrella hartmani, Stelletta anancora, Sycon frustulosum, Sycon vigilans, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tethya diploderma, Tethya rubra, Tethya seychellensis, Timea mixta, Topsentia ophiraphidites, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Off São José da Coroa Grande (08o56’02”S–35o02’07”W): Leucetta floridana, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Serinhaém: Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva. Tamandaré (including Ponta dos Carneiros): Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) pergamentacea, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Desmapsamma anchorata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Ectyoplasia ferox, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia papyracea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Ircinia strobilina, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Niphates amorpha, Placospongia intermedia, Plakortis angulospiculatus, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Topsentia ophiraphidites. Piauí State: Locality not informed: Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Rio Grande do Norte State: Locality not informed (marine): Agelas dispar, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Erylus formosus, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia papyracea, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia strobilina, Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Scopalina ruetzleri, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Atol das Rocas and surroundings (including 03o50’S– 33o54’W; 03o51’S–33o50’W): Acanthotetilla rocasensis, Acarnus innominatus, List of Species by Locality Acarnus radovani, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina muricyana, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Chondrilla nucula complex, Chondrosia collectrix, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cliona varians, Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus, Diplastrella megastellata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea fragilis, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus formosus, Holoxea violacea, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Ircinia pauciarenaria, Ircinia strobilina, Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria, Niphates erecta, Oceanapia nodosa, Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi, Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Plakortis insularis, Plakortis microrhabdifera, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella hartmani, Topsentia ophiraphidites, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Off Caiçara do Norte (04o44’S–36o03’W): Grantia kempfi, Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana. Extremoz: Cinachyrella apion, Cliona varians. Grande Seamount (3o28’0.00”S–36o06’05”W): Clathrina atlantica, Leucaltis clathria, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Off Icapuí (04o27’S–37o04’W): Leucetta floridana. Januário Cicco (Capão da Horta Pond): Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera, Corvomeyenia thumi, Heterorotula fistula, Radiospongilla amazonensis. Natal and off Natal (including 05o45’05”S–34o58’05”W; 05o41’05”S–35o05’06”W): Clathrina atlantica, Cliona celata complex, Geodia papyracea, Leucetta floridana. Nísia Floresta (Redonda Pond, Seca Pond): Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli. Parnamirim: Cliona varians. Potiguar Basin (including Guamaré Harbour; off Areia Branca; off Porto do Mangue; off Macau; off Guamaré; off Galinhos): Acarnus nicoleae, Agelas clathrodes, Agelas dispar, Agelas schmidti, Agelas sventres, Aiolochroia crassa, Amphimedon compressa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fistularis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lactuca, Aplysina lacunosa, Asteropus niger, Biemna microacanthosigma, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) tenerrima, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Clathrina aurea, Cliona celata complex, Cliona delitrix, Cliona varians, Desmapsamma anchorata, Didiscus oxeata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Echinodictyum dendroides, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus alleni, Erylus formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Geodia neptuni, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Ircinia strobilina, Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra serrata, Leucascus roseus, Leucetta floridana, Leucetta potiguar, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Neopetrosia proxima, Niphates erecta, Oceanapia bartschi, Oceanapia peltata, Paraleucilla sphaerica, Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, Phorbas amaranthus, Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Plakortis angulospiculatus, Plakortis microrhabdifera, Psammocinia compacta, Ptilocaulis walpersi, Sigmaxinella cearense, Spheciospongia vesparium, Spirastrella hartmani, Stelletta gigas, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Thorecta atlantica, Topsentia ophiraphidites, Xestospongia muta. Off Touros (04o41’S–35o24’05”W): Vosmaeropsis sericatum. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago and surroundings (including 00o94’S–025o29’W): Aiolochroia crassa, Alectona mesatlantica, Aplysina fulva, Asteropus niger, Chondrosia collectrix, Clathria (Microciona) calla, Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus, Dercitus (Stoeba) latex, Didiscus oxeata, Discodermia dissoluta, Dysidea etheria, Erylus latens, Geodia neptuni, Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Scopalina ruetzleri, Spirastrella hartmani, Stelletta gigas, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Sergipe State: Off Barra dos Coqueiros (10o54’S–36o45’W): Chondrilla nucula complex, Hyattella cavernosa, Iotrochota birotulata, Ircinia ramosa, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) tylota, Stelletta anancora, Plakortis angulospiculatus. Canindé do São Francisco: Drulia cristata. Off Pacatuba (including off the mouth of São Francisco river; 10o46’S–036o02’W; 10o42’S–36o22’05”W; 10o42’07”S– 36o31’07”W): Leucaltis clathria, Leucetta floridana, Polymastia corticata. Southeast Region 225 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera State not informed (marine): Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Arenosclera brasiliensis, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Geodia gibberosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Oceanapia nodosa, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri, Tetilla radiata. latens, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia felix, Ircinia strobilina, Leucandra rudifera, Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi, Plakinastrella microspiculifera, Topsentia ophiraphidites, Verongula gigantea. Vila Velha: Cliona varians. Vitória and off Vitória (including 20o20’S–40o10’W; Espírito Santo State: 20.402oS–39.923oW): Locality not informed (marine): Agelas conifera, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Polymastia janeirensis, Verongula gigantea. Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (including Vitória Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Cliona varians, Erylus formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Hyattella cavernosa, Ircinia strobilina, Stelletta anancora, Verongula gigantea. Camburi: Cliona celata complex, Geodia gibberosa, Polymastia janeirensis. Guarapari and off Guarapari (including Três Ilhas Bank; 20.706oS–35.457oW; 20.604oS–35.860oW; 20.511oS– 35.838oW; 20.483oS–36.100oW; 20.351oS–36.637oW; 19.813oS–37.943oW; 19.800oS–37.773oW; 20.673oS– 37.710oW; 20.857oS–33.643oW; 20.951oS–34.006oW; 20.676oS–34.589oW; 20.616oS–34.951oW; 20.614oS– 34.894oW; 20.704oS–35.704oW; 20.487oS–36.103oW; 20.347oS–36.642oW; 19.808oS–37.939oW; 20.857oS– Archipelago; 20 36’S–40 23’W; 20 40’S–40 30’W; 33.636oW; 20.678oS–34.584oW; 20o25’S–35o00’W; 20.633 S–40.025 W): 20o32’S–35o46’W; 20o38’05”S–37o28’W; 20o40’S–37o48’W; Aaptos aaptos, Agelas dispar, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Aplysina lacunosa, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cliona celata complex, Cliona varians, Darwinella australiensis, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus formosus, Geodia corticostylifera, Hyattella cavernosa, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria, Polymastia janeirensis. Off Itaúnas (18.594oS–37.913oW; 18.663oS–37.870oW): Acarnus toxeata, Agelas schmidti, Aplysina lacunosa. Off Linhares (including off the mouth of Doce River; 20º42’S–37º27’W): o o o o o o 19.272oS–38.019oW; 19.296oS–37.954oW, 19.520oS– 38.768oW; 19.527oS–38.768oW; 19.732oS–38.365oW): Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina lacunosa, Cinachyra helena, Diplastrella megastellata, Hyattella cavernosa, Timea cumana. Off Marataízes (21o10’S–40o42’W; 21.165oS–40.329oW): Cyamon vickersii. Off Piúma (20.849oS–40.167oW): Acarnus nicoleae, Agelas schmidti, Hyattella cavernosa, Verongula gigantea. Santa Cruz: Amphimedon viridis, Geodia glariosa. Off São Mateus (18o51’S–39o08’W): Agelas dispar, Dysidea avara, Jaspis salvadori. Trindade Island and surroundings (including 20.519oS– 29.351oW): Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aka coralliphaga, Chalinula molitba, Chondrilla nucula complex, Chondrosia collectrix, Ectyoplasia ferox, Erylus 226 Agelas clathrodes, Agelas conifera, Agelas dispar, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina pseudolacunosa, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) coppingeri, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Clathrina atlantica, Clathrina reticulum, Cliona carteri, Euplectella suberea, Grantia atlantica, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror, Hyalonema (Prionema) dufresnei, Hyattella cavernosa, Leucaltis clathria, Leucandra armata, Leucandra barbata, Leucandra crassior, Leucetta floridana, Leucilla uter, Lophocalyx brasiliensis, Sycettusa pelagica, Verongula gigantea, Vosmaeropsis sericatum. Minas Gerais State: Araguari (Paranaíba River): Oncosclera navicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula. Cachoeira Dourada (Paranaíba River): Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis, Trochospongilla repens. Conceição das Alagoas (Boa Vista Farm, Sem Noite Pond, Olaria dos Datos Pond): Dosilia pydanieli, Heterorotula fistula, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. List of Species by Locality João Pinheiro (spongillites; several ponds, including Preguiça and Avião ponds): Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Heterorotula fistula, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. Santa Vitória (Degredo Pond): Metania spinata, Trochospongilla variabilis. Rio de Janeiro State: Locality not informed (freshwater): Spongilla alba. Locality not informed (marine): Agelas clathrodes, Agelas schmidti, Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Sycon ampulla, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tribrachium schmidtii. Almirante Saldanha Seamount (including 22o22’56”S– 37o35’15”W; 22.376oS–37.659oW; 22.382oS–37.588oW): Agelas conifera, Agelas dispar, Aiolochroia crassa, Aphrocallistes beatrix, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus almirante, Erylus fluminense, Erylus revizee. Angra dos Reis (including Ilha Grande; Ilha Grande Bay): Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina fulva, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathrina angraensis, Clathrina aspina, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina conifera, Cliona celata complex, Desmapsamma anchorata, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Geodia gibberosa, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Hyattella cavernosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Leucandra serrata, Leucilla uter, Mycale (Aegogropila) americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa, Paraleucilla magna, Paraleucilla perlucida, Scopalina ruetzleri, Suberites aurantiacus, Suberites caminatus, Suberites carnosus, Sycettusa hastifera, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tedania (Trachytedania) spinata, Terpios fugax. Armação dos Búzios: Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Arenosclera brasiliensis, Axinella corrugata, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathria (Microciona) campecheae, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina conifera, Cliona celata complex, Cliona dioryssa, Dysidea etheria, Dysidea janiae, Dysidea robusta, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria, Oceanapia nodosa, Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, Polymastia janeirensis, Suberites aurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Terpios fugax. Arraial do Cabo (freshwater): Heteromeyenia cristalina. Arraial do Cabo (marine): Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina fulva, Arenosclera brasiliensis, Asteropus brasiliensis, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathria (Microciona) campecheae, Clathria (Thalysias) minuta, Clathrina ascandroides, Clathrina aspina, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina brasiliensis, Clathrina conifera, Clathrina cylindractina, Clathrina quadriradiata, Clathrina tetractina, Cliona celata complex, Cliona dioryssa, Darwinella gardineri, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Dysidea janiae, Dysidea robusta, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Guitarra sepia, Halichondria panicea, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Leucandra rudifera, Leucascus simplex, Leucilla uter, Leucosolenia arachnoides, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Mycale) arenaria, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa, Paraleucilla magna, Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri, Sycettusa hastifera, Sycon ampulla, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Cabo Frio: Aplysina fulva, Arenosclera brasiliensis, Polymastia janeirensis. Cabo de São Tomé: Acarnus nicoleae, Clathrina ascandroides, Clathrina brasiliensis, Sycon brasiliense, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Vosmaeropsis levis. Campos dos Goytacazes (freshwater) (Feia Lagoon): Spongilla alba. Campos dos Goytacazes (marine) and off Campos dos Goytacazes (including 22o12’S–40o59’W; 22o21’S– 41o09’W): Cliona raphida, Geodia corticostylifera, Polymastia 227 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera janeirensis, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae. Campos Basin (including start 21o48.839’S–39o48.112’W, end 21o45.433’S–39o48.857’W; start 22o30.727’S– 40o00.942’W, end 22o28.725’S–39o58.610’W; start 22o24.449’S–39o55.280’W, end 22o21.936’S–39o53.602’W): Acanthella flagelliformis, Chonelasma choanoides, Euplectella suberea, Eurete atlantica, Farrea occa, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror, Saccocalyx pedunculatus. Itacuruçá Island: Chondrilla nucula complex, Paraleucilla magna. Off Macaé (22.319oS–40.826oW): Acarnus radovani. Off Mangaratiba (24.365oS–43.602oW): Aphrocallistes beatrix. Off Maricá (23o06’S–42o50’W): Suberites caminatus. Niterói: Hymeniacidon heliophila, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Pachychalina alcaloidifera, Paraleucilla magna, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Parati: Amphimedon viridis, Cinachyrella alloclada, Geodia papyracea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa. Quissamã (Feia Lagoon): Spongilla alba. Rio de Janeiro (freshwater) (Jacarepaguá): Spongilla alba. Rio de Janeiro (marine) (including Guanabara Bay and coastal Islands): Aplysilla rosea, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chondrilla nucula complex, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina conifera, Cliona celata complex, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Euryspongia rosea, Geodia corticostylifera, Guitarra sepia, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Oceanapia nodosa, Paraleucilla magna, Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri, Suberites caminatus, Sycon vigilans, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Tethya maza, Tetilla euplocamos, Tetilla radiata. Off São Francisco de Itabapoana (21.517oS–40.300oW; 21.500oS–40.300oW): Aiolochroia crassa, Mycale (Mycale) quadripartita. Sepetiba (including Sepetiba Bay): Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Leucandra serrata, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) 228 isodictyalis, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Paraleucilla magna, Stelletta beae, Tetilla radiata. Trindade: Amphimedon viridis. São Paulo State: Locality not informed (freshwater): Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Eunapius fragilis, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. Locality not informed (marine): Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Cliona celata complex, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Alcatrazes Archipelago: Clathrina alcatraziensis, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina conifera, Guitarra sepia, Leucascus roseus, Paraleucilla magna, Sycon pentactinale, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis. Off Bertioga (24o07.637’S–45o51.895’W): Halicometes minuta. Brotas (Lagoa Dourada Reservoir, Jacaré Reservoir): Metania spinata. Off Cananéia (26o01.26’S–46o25.26’W): Halicometes minuta. Guarujá and off Guarujá (including 25o36.988’S– 045o13.571’W): Desmacella annexa, Esperiopsis bathyalis, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) phakellina, Rhabderemia besnardi, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis. Iguape (Ribeira do Iguape River): Radiospongilla amazonensis. Ilhabela and off Ilhabela (including 24o01’S–44o45’W; 24o06’S–45o29’W; 24o17.939’S–44o35.983’W; 24o43’S– 45o10’W; 25o11.005’S–044o56.6’W; 25o18.874’S– 44o52.516’W): Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysina caissara, Aplysina cauliformis, Asteropus brasiliensis, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Chondrilla nucula complex, Ciocalypta alba, Clathria (Microciona) campecheae, Clathrina aurea, Clathrina tetractina, Cliona celata complex, Cliona dioryssa, Desmacella annexa, Desmanthus meandroides, Dragmaxia anomala, Dysidea etheria, Erylus soesti, Geodia corticostylifera, Guitarra sepia, Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Halicometes minuta, Hamacantha (Vomerula) microxifera, List of Species by Locality Hymeniacidon heliophila, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Aegogropila) americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris, Mycale (Naviculina) purpurata, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) chilensis, Oceanapia nodosa, Pachychalina alcaloidifera, Paraleucilla magna, Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) phakellina, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis, Stelletta beae, Tedania (Tedania) brasiliensis, Tedania (Trachytedania) biraphidora, Tetilla radiata. Off Ilha Comprida (26o01.26’S–046o25.26’W): Halicometes minuta. Itapura (Tietê River): Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia uruguayensis, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens, Uruguaya corallioides. Itirapina (Dourada Pond): Metania spinata. Off Peruíbe (25o57.39’S–045o34.25’W): Characella pachastrelloides. Pontal (Pardo River): Trochospongilla repens. Porto Ferreira: Corvomeyenia thumi, Dosilia pydanieli, Metania spinata, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. São Carlos (Jacaré-Guaçu River, São Carlos Ecological (Aegogropila) americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) escarlatei, Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae, Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima, Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Oceanapia nodosa, Pachychalina alcaloidifera, Paraleucilla magna, Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri, Stelletta beae, Suberites aurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Tethya diploderma, Tethya maza, Tetilla radiata, Timea authia. Ubatuba and off Ubatuba (including 23o26’S–44o48’W; Park): Paraná, and river not informed): Radiospongilla amazonensis. São Sebastião: Amorphinopsis atlantica, Amphimedon erina, Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Aplysina caissara, Aplysina cauliformis, Aplysina fulva, Asteropus brasiliensis, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida, Chelonaplysilla erecta, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathria (Microciona) campecheae, Clathrina aurea, Cliona celata complex, Cliona dioryssa, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Dysidea etheria, Dysidea janiae, Geodia corticostylifera, Geodia gibberosa, Geodia glariosa, Geodia papyracea, Halichondria (Halichondria) cebimarensis, Halichondria (Halichondria) migottea, Halichondria (Halichondria) sulfurea, Halichondria (Halichondria) tenebrica, Haliclona (Soestella) melana, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale 23o43’S–44o57’W; 24o09.0’S–44o22.5’W; 24o20.844’S– 44o09.913’W): Amphimedon viridis, Chondrilla nucula complex, Cinachyrella alloclada, Clathrina conifera, Dysidea etheria, Guancha blanca, Halichondria (Halichondria) magniconulosa, Halicometes minuta, Hymenancora tenuissima, Mycale (Mycale) beatrizae, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Pachastrella monilifera, Pachychalina alcaloidifera, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae, Suberites caminatus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni, Tetilla radiata. South Region: Paraná State: Locality not informed (freshwater) (rivers Piquiri, Ivaí, Corvospongilla seckti, Dosilia pydanieli, Drulia brownii, Metania spinata, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis. Butiá (Jacuí River): Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla repens. Campina da Lagoa (Piquiri River, Porto Bananeira): Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera tonollii, Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis. Carlópolis (Itararé River): Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis. Foz do Iguaçu (Paraná River, Iguaçu Falls): Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens. Guaíra (rivers Paraná, Chororó, Ocoí, Passo Cuê, Pinto, São João, São Francisco Falso, São Francisco Verdadeiro, São Vicente): Corvospongilla seckti, Oncosclera navicella, Potamophloios guairensis, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla repens. 229 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Iretama (Formoso River): Canoas (Caí River, Gravataí River): Oncosclera navicella. Prudentópolis: Oncosclera jewelli. Paranaguá (Ilha do Mel): Chondrilla nucula complex, Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Santa Helena (Paraná River): Corvospongilla seckti, Radiospongilla amazonensis. Santa Maria do Oeste (Piquiri River): Oncosclera tonollii, Sterrastrolepis brasiliensis. Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla variabilis. Eldorado do Sul (Jacuí River, Saco da Ponta do São Rio Grande do Sul State: Locality not informed (freshwater) (Uruguay Basin, South Atlantic Basin, Caí River, Bom Jardim Stream, Delta do Jacuí State Park, Gravataí River, Guaíba River, Jacuí River): Anheteromeyenia ornata, Corvospongilla seckti, Drulia brownii, Ephydatia facunda, Eunapius fragilis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera jewelli, Oncosclera navicella, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla variabilis. Locality not informed (marine): Dragmacidon reticulatum, Erylus alleni, Erylus formosus. Aratiba (Uruguai River): Houssayella iguazuensis, Uruguaya corallioides. Arroio do Tigre (Jacuí River): Corvospongilla seckti, Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola, Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla repens. Bagé (small pond near road to Fort Santa Tecla): Ephydatia facunda, Racekiela sheilae. Barra do Ribeiro (Guaíba River, das Capivaras pond, flooded field between dunes): Corvospongilla seckti, Houssayella iguazuensis, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola, Racekiela sheilae, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis, Uruguaya corallioides. Belém Novo: Corvospongilla seckti. Cambará do Sul (Tigre Preto River, Camisas River): Corvomeyenia ephilithosa, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Heteromeyenia insignis. Candelária: Oncosclera petricola. Candiota (Candiota stream): Anheteromeyenia ornata. 230 Roque): Corvospongilla seckti, Radiospongilla amazonensis. Farroupilha (Lake of Parque Santa Rita): Eunapius fragilis. General Câmara (Jacuí River): Corvospongilla seckti, Eunapius fragilis, Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola, Trochospongilla delicata, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla repens, Uruguaya corallioides. Guaíba (Guaíba River): Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayella iguazuensis, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla minuta. Itati (Corneta Stream): Heteromeyenia insignis. Jaguari (Jaguari River): Trochospongilla repens. Montenegro (Caí River, Pond in Marrecas Farm, Bom Jardim Stream, Pond near BR-386 road): Heteromeyenia cristalina, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla minuta. Mostardas (freshwater) (Capão Comprido): Ephydatia facunda, Racekiela sheilae. Mostardas and off Mostardas (marine) (including 30o50’S–49o13’W; 31o02’S–49o37’W; 31o05’S–49o31’W; 31o14’S–49o35’W; 31o17’S–49o46’W; 31o20’S–48o40’W; 31o31’00”S–49o47’00”W): Corallistes bispiraster, Corallistes typus, Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus alleni, Erylus diminutus, Erylus formosus, Gastrophanella implexa, Geodia australis, Geodia riograndensis, Jaspis johnstonii, Myrmekioderma rea, Siphonidium ramosum, Stelletta ruetzleri, Vulcanella (Vulcanella) cribrifera. Nova Santa Rita (Caí River, Delta do Jacuí State Park): Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla variabilis. Nova Petrópolis (Caí River): Anheteromeyenia ornata, Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola, Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla paulula. Osório (Quadros Pond): List of Species by Locality Eunapius fragilis. São Francisco de Paula (Tainhas River, Dom Pedro Palmares do Sul (Sangradouro, dos Gateados Pond, do Stream, Stream at Hampel Dam, Prof. Glich Stream, Casamento Pond): Corneta Stream): Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Ephydatia facunda, Eunapius fragilis, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla variabilis. Porto Alegre (Gravataí River, Guaíba River, Delta do Jacuí Heteromeyenia insignis, Oncosclera jewelli. São Jerônimo (Caí River, Jacuí River): Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla repens. Off São José do Norte (32o24.55’S–50o14.85’W): Geodia riograndensis. São Lourenço do Sul (dos Patos Lake): Ephydatia facunda. São Vicente do Sul (rivers Ibicuí, Ibicuí-Mirim, Toropí, State Park, Jacuí River, FZB Lake, Saco do Quilombo, Saco do Ferraz, Pond at Santana Hill): Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Corvospongilla seckti, Eunapius fragilis, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Heteromeyenia insignis, Houssayella iguazuensis, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera schubarti, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla repens, Trochospongilla variabilis. Quinze de Novembro (Jacuí-Mirim River): Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla paulula. Rio Grande (freshwater) (Caí River, Jacuí River, Jacaré Pond in Santa Fé Farm): Pond, Flores Pond, Nicola Pond, Sarita Pond, Negreiros Drulia brownii, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla paulula. Soledade (Jacuí River): Heteromeyenia cristalina, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai. Tapes (Butiazais, Pond C, das Capivaras Pond, Charutão Stream, Banhado do Palmito, Pond in Caçapava Farm, Pond, Redondo Pond): Taim Ecological Station): Corvoheteromeyenia australis, Ephydatia facunda, Racekiela sheilae, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla variabilis. Tavares (freshwater) (temporary pond): Racekiela sheilae. Tavares and off Tavares (marine) (31o16’S–49o45’W; Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia insignis, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla variabilis. Rio Grande and off Rio Grande (marine) (including 32o00’S–50o00’W; 32o24’S–50o15’W; 32o41’S–51o39’W; 32o44’S–51o47’W): Myrmekioderma rea, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis, Spheciospongia vesparium, Stelletta hajdui, Stelletta ruetzleri, Suberites caminatus. Santa Maria (Ibicuí-Mirim River): Corvospongilla seckti, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera navicella, Trochospongilla repens. Santa Vitória do Palmar (freshwater) (Pond in Caçapava Farm, Mangueira Pond): Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia insignis. Off Santa Vitória do Palmar (marine) (including 33o29’S–50o44’W; 34o00.00’S–051o47.00’W; 34o18.49’S– 052o02.76’W; 34o24.82’S–051o47.45’W): Erylus diminutus, Geodia australis, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis, Suberites caminatus. Santana da Boa Vista (Moinho Stream): Anheteromeyenia ornata. São Francisco de Assis (Itú River, Itaqui): Eunapius fragilis, Houssayella iguazuensis, Oncosclera petricola, Trochospongilla repens, Uruguaya corallioides. 31o17’S–49o42’W; 31o20’S–48o40’W; 31o20’S–49o41’W; 31o20’S–49o52’W; 32o00’S–50o00’W): Characella capitolii, Erylus diminutus, Erylus toxiformis, Geodia splendida, Pachastrella monilifera, Rhabderemia uruguaiensis, Stelletta ruetzleri. Torres (pond between dunes): Heteromeyenia insignis. Off Tramandaí (30o15’S–48o32’W; 30o20’S–48o37’W; 30o25’S–48o48’W): Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Erylus formosus, Halicometes minuta. Triunfo (Bom Jardim Stream, Caí River, Pond of Delapieve Farm, Copesul Park of Environmental Protection): Heteromeyenia cristalina, Heteromeyenia insignis, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla paulula, Trochospongilla variabilis. Uruguaiana (Uruguai River): Oncosclera schubarti, Trochospongilla minuta, 231 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Trochospongilla repens, Uruguaya corallioides. Viamão (Guaíba River, Negra Pond): Corvospongilla seckti, Ephydatia facunda, Heteromeyenia cristalina, Houssayella iguazuensis, Metania reticulata, Oncosclera navicella, Oncosclera petricola, Racekiela sheilae, Radiospongilla amazonensis, Trochospongilla minuta, Trochospongilla paulula, Uruguaya corallioides. Santa Catarina State: Locality not informed (marine): Aplysina caissara, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chalinula zeae, Chondrilla nucula complex, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Geodia splendida, Guitarra sepia, Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris, Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris, Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastia janeirensis, Suberites aurantiacus, Tedania (Tedania) ignis. Arvoredo Island: Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Chalinula zeae, Guitarra sepia, Monanchora arbuscula, Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Naviculina) arcuiris, Scopalina ruetzleri. Off Barra Velha (26o34’S–47o22’W): Suberites caminatus. Blumenau (Itajaí River): Heteromeyenia insignis, Trochospongilla repens. Bombinhas (including Ilha da Galé; Ilha Deserta): Aplysina caissara, Axinella corrugata, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Clathrina ascandroides, Guitarra sepia, Haliclona (Haliclona) catarinensis, Haliclona (Haliclona) lilaceus, Haliclona (Haliclona) mammillaris, Haliclona (Reniera) 232 tubifera, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa, Myxilla (Myxilla) mucronata, Petromica (Chaladesma) citrina, Polymastia janeirensis, Scopalina ruetzleri, Stelletta beae, Suberites aurantiacus, Sycon vigilans, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Terpios manglaris. Coral Island (27o56’00”S–48o32’30”W): Ciocalypta alba, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae. Florianópolis (including Aranhas Island): Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa, Darwinella muelleri, Guancha blanca, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Paraleucilla magna, Spongia (Heterofibria) catarinensis, Sycon ampulla, Tetilla euplocamos. Garopaba: Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa. Imbituba: Geodia glariosa. Off Itajaí (27o28.700’S–047o09.660’W): Rhabderemia itajai. Off Jaguaruna (29o33.25’S–47o58.63’W): Latrunculia (Latrunculia) tetraverticillata. Off Laguna (including off Santa Marta Cape; 29o11.169’S– 47o54.167’W): Erylus diminutus, Erylus soesti, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni. Penha: Hymeniacidon heliophila. Porto Belo (including João da Cunha Island): Aplysina caissara, Chalinula zeae, Dragmacidon reticulatum, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Stelletta beae, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) vanhoeffeni, Tethya diploderma. Urubici (Pessegueiro River): Heteromeyenia insignis. VII. Taxonomic Index This index includes all the taxonomic levels from subspecies to phylum listed under the epigraphs ‘Taxonomic List’, ‘Records Identified Only to Genus Level or Higher’ and ‘Species Names Previously Reported from Brazil but no Longer Accepted as Valid Records’. Currently accepted taxons that occur in Brazil are presented in bold letters; their synonymies, unnaccepted names and type species that do not occur in Brazil are printed in plain font. A Aaptos ........................................................................ 71, 72, 184 aaptos, Aaptos....................................................................71, 72 aaptos, Ancorina.......................................................................71 abyssi, Corticium ......................................................................52 abyssi, Pachastrella ...................................................................51 abyssorum, Tethya cranium var..............................................170 Acalle ..................................................................... 110, 214, 216 Acamas ...................................................................................154 Acanthacarnus................................................................ 145, 205 Acanthanchora......................................................................184 Acanthella ................................................................. 89, 91, 184 Acanthodiscus ......................................................... 130, 131, 205 Acanthotetilla ...............................................................167, 184 Acanthotylotra ..................................................................... 140 Acarnidae ..............................................................................145 Acarnus ...............................................81, 82, 145, 146, 184, 205 Acervochalina ....................................................... 100, 184, 205 Acheliderma ..........................................................................185 Aciculites ................................................................................143 acuta, Acanthella ......................................................................91 Adocia .....................................................102, 106, 109, 184, 205 adriatica, Ancorina ..................................................................71 aegagropila, Halichondria ......................................................154 aerophoba, Aplysina ...............................................................172 aff. aaptos, Aaptos ................................................................184 aff. africana, Rhabderemia .................................. 150, 151, 197 aff. alloclada, Cinachyrella ..................................................187 aff. americana, Mycale ................................................... 154, 194 aff. americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) ............................ 154, 194 aff. antrodes, Echinodictyum ..............................................193 aff. antrodes, Kieplitela ..........................................................193 aff. apion, Cinachyrella .......................................................187 aff. arenaria, Mycale ...................................................... 156, 194 aff. australiensis, Leucilla.................................................. 26, 193 aff. beatrix, Aphrocallistes ...................................................185 aff. bermuda, Fibulia .............................................................190 aff. bermuda, Strongylacidon ..............................................190 aff. cauliformis, Aplysina .............................................174, 185 aff. celata, Cliona .....................................................................65 aff. choanoides, Chonelasma .......................................... 181, 187 aff. clathrata, Monanchora ..................................................194 aff. complanata, Amphimedon ............................................184 aff. compressa, Amphimedon ......................................... 103, 184 aff. corrugata, Axinella ..................................................89, 185 aff. diffusa, Callyspongia .....................................................186 aff. dystacta, Hymeniacidon ................................................192 aff. erecta, Chelonaplysilla ............................................54, 187 aff. eusiphonia, Oceanapia ..................................................195 aff. eusiphonia, Pellina ...........................................................195 aff. floridana, Leucetta .............................................................36 aff. formosus, Erylus .............................................................190 aff. fugax, Terpios .................................................................199 aff. heliophila, Hymeniacidon .......................................... 94, 192 aff. kuekenthali, Cinachyrella .............................................187 aff. magnirhaphidifera, Mycale ..........................................194 aff. maza, Tethya ..................................................................199 aff. melana, Artemisina .......................................................185 aff. melobesioides, Placospongia .........................................196 aff. nigra, Dysidea ................................................................189 aff. nucula, Chondrilla ..................................................... 53, 187 aff. oculata, Sarostegia .........................................................197 aff. ophiraphidites, Topsentia .............................................199 aff. pumilio, Desmacella ......................................................189 aff. reniformis, Chondrosia .................................................187 aff. stellifasciata, Timea .......................................................199 aff. subglobosus, Dactylocalyx .............................................188 aff. tubifera, Haliclona ........................................................191 aff. tubifera, Haliclona (Reniera) ........................................191 aff. undata, Dragmaxia .......................................................189 affinis, Clathria .....................................................................147 affinis, Clathria (Microciona) ................................................147 affinis, Hymeraphia ...............................................................147 agariciformis, Thrinacophora ..................................................89 Agelas ......................................................37, 38, 39, 40, 184, 205 Agelasida .................................................................................37 Agelasidae ...............................................................................37 agnani, Timea ................................................................ 148, 215 agujanum, Hyalonema (Prionema) ......................................179 Aiolochroia .............................171, 174, 184, 205, 209, 212, 216 Aka ...................................................................................80, 108 alba, Ciocalypta ..............................................................92, 187 alba, Niphates .................................................................80, 105 alba, Spongilla ..............................................................133, 214 alcaloidifera, Pachychalina ........................... 80, 106, 184, 195 alcatraziensis, Clathrina .......................................................32 alcicornis, Aplysina ..............................................................172 Alcyonium ...................................................39, 64, 67, 72, 86, 96 Alectona ...................................................................................64 Alectonidae .............................................................................64 Alemo .......................................................................................87 alleni, Erylus ............................................................. 44, 75, 208 233 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera alloclada, Cinachyra ...................................................... 168, 206 alloclada, Cinachyrella ................................................168, 206 almirante, Erylus ....................................................................44 alopecurus, Sycandra ........................................................ 31, 215 alopecurus, Sycum ....................................................................31 alvarengai, Acanthotylotra ..................................................140 amaranthus, Pachychalina .....................................................163 amaranthus, Phorbas ...................................................163, 196 amazonensis, Radiospongilla ................ 81, 131, 132, 208, 212 amazonica, Trochospongilla ........................................133, 216 amazonica, Uruguaya ............................................................133 amazonica, Uruguayella ................................................ 133, 216 americana, Mycale ...............................................................154 americana, Mycale (Aegogropila) ...............................154, 194 amorpha, Cacospongia ....................................................62, 77 amorpha, Niphates ...............................................................105 amorpha, Niphates digitalis forma ........................................105 Amorphinopsis ................................................................92, 184 Amphidiscophora ................................................................178 Amphidiscosida ....................................................................178 Amphilectus ..........................................................................184 Amphimedon .................................................... 79, 80, 102, 103, 104, 106, 149, 184, 185, 209 amphora, Leucilla ....................................................................25 Amphoriscidae .......................................................................25 Amphoriscus .........................................25, 29, 36, 185, 205, 215 ampulla, Sycandra ........................................................... 31, 215 ampulla, Sycarium ........................................................... 31, 215 ampulla, Sycinula ....................................................................31 ampulla, Sycodendrum ............................................................31 ampulla, Sycon ...............................................................31, 215 ampulla, Syconella ........................................................... 31, 215 ampullum, Sycon .....................................................................31 Anacanthaea ............................................................................96 anancora, Myriastra ........................................................ 42, 211 anancora, Pilochrota ........................................................ 42, 211 anancora, Stelletta ..................................... 42, 43, 74, 211, 214 anancora, Stelletta (Pilochrota) ....................................... 42, 214 anasteria, Stelletta ...........................................................42, 75 Anchinoe ........................................................................ 163, 205 anchorata, Desmapsamma ..........................................162, 207 anchorata, Fibularia ..............................................................162 Ancorina ................................................................................. 71 Ancorinidae ....................................................................40, 185 angraensis, Clathrina .............................................................32 angulosa, Mycale ..........................................................154, 158 angulosa, Mycale (Aegogropila) ..................................... 158, 210 angulosa, Mycale (Zygomycale) .......................... 158, 210, 216 angulosa, Pandaros ........................................................ 154, 158 angulosa, Spongia ..................................................................152 angulosa, Zygomycale ............................................................158 angulospiculatus, Plakortis .........................................141, 212 angulospiculatus, Suberites ....................................................141 anhelans, Halichondria ..........................................................165 234 anhelans, Tedania .......................................................... 165, 215 Anheteromeyenia .......................................... 123, 131, 205, 212 anisactina, Grantessa .............................................................29 anisoxia, Penares ..............................................................41, 74 Anisoxya ...................................................................................95 annae, Pheronema .................................................................179 annexa, Biemna .....................................................................152 annexa, Desmacella .............................................................152 annexa, Desmacella vagabundus var. ....................................152 annexa, Desmacodes vagabundus var. ...................................152 annexa, Sigmatoxella .............................................................152 annexa, Tylodesma .................................................................152 anomala, Dragmaxia .............................................................90 anomala, Hippospongia ...........................................................60 anonyma, Ephydatia ...................................................... 133, 208 anonyma, Meyenia ........................................................ 133, 210 anonyma, Samus ....................................................................171 anonyma, Trochospongilla .......................... 133, 208, 210, 215 anonyma, Tubella ........................................................... 133, 215 anonymus, Samus .................................................................171 Anthosigmella ................................................................... 66, 205 apertum, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) ......................................179 Aphrocallistes ........................................................ 179, 180, 185 Aphrocallistidae ...........................................................179, 180 Aphroceras .................................................................. 28, 30, 205 apion, Cinachyra............................................................. 168, 206 apion, Cinachyrella ......................................................168, 206 Aplysilla ...........................................................................54, 185 Aplysina ...................................................84, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 185, 199, 200, 205, 213, 216 Aplysinidae ...................................................................171, 185 aprutina, Manzonia .............................................................182 aquaeductus, Reniera .............................................................101 arachnoides, Ascandra variabilis var. .......................................30 arachnoides, Leucosolenia .....................................................30 araminta, Densa ....................................................................106 arbuscula, Monanchora ......................... 83, 161, 194, 207, 210 arbusculum, Pandaros ............................................................161 archeri, Aplysina .................................................... 176, 177, 205 arcuiris, Mycale ....................................................................157 arcuiris, Mycale (Naviculina) ..............................................157 ardis, Ianthella ............................................................... 171, 209 arenaria, Mycale ...................................................................156 arenaria, Mycale (Mycale) ........................... 156, 157, 194, 210 arenifera, Chondropsis ......................................... 159, 206, 209 arenifera, Chondrosia .................................................... 159, 206 arenifera, Holopsamma .................................................. 159, 209 Arenochalina ..........................................................................154 arenosa, Mycale .............................................................. 156, 210 arenosa, Mycale parasitica var. ..............................................156 Arenosclera ................................................................ 79, 97, 185 argyrosperma, Spongilla ........................................................123 armata, Leucandra .........................................................27, 210 armata, Leuconia ............................................................. 27, 210 Taxonomic Index armigera, Callyspongia .................................................... 99, 206 armigera, Tuba .........................................................................98 armigera var. pergamentacea, Cladochalina ................... 99, 206 arndti, Ephydatia crateriformis forma .......................... 131, 208 arndti, Meyenia crateriformis forma......................................131 Artemisina ............................................................. 146, 185, 205 Artynas .....................................................................................35 Ascaltis ..............................................................................35, 36 Ascandra ............................................................................ 30, 34 ascandroides, Clathrina .........................................................32 Ascetta ........................................................................ 34, 36, 205 Ascometra .................................................................................34 aspera, Characella .................................................... 50, 76, 211 aspera, Poecillastra ...................................................................50 aspergillum, Euplectella..........................................................182 aspina, Clathrina ...................................................................32 Asteropus ......................................................... 40, 185, 192, 205 Astropeplus .............................................................................185 Astrophorida ..................................................................40, 185 Astylinifer ...............................................................................185 atlantica, Amorphinopsis ..............................................92, 184 atlantica, Clathrina ...............................................................32 atlantica, Eurete .............................................................84, 181 atlantica, Grantia ...................................................................27 atlantica, Leucosolenia .............................................................32 atlantica, Oceanapia ...................................................... 109, 211 atlantica, Thorecta ................................................... 63, 64, 199 atrasanguinea, Microciona ....................................................147 Auletta ...................................................................................185 Auloplegma ..............................................................................34 Aulospongus ..........................................................................185 aurantiaca, Laxosuberites ................................................ 72, 209 aurantiaca, Protosuberites ............................................... 72, 212 aurantiaca, Suberites ...............................................................72 aurantiaca, Terpios ..................................................................72 aurantiacus, Protosuberites .............................................. 72, 212 aurantiacus, Suberites .......................................... 72, 209, 212 aurantium, Alcyonium .............................................................86 aurantium, Tethya ................................................. 86, 207, 215 aurea, Clathrina .....................................................................33 aurea, Darwinella ............................................................ 55, 207 australiana, Sigmaxinella ......................................................152 australiensis, Darwinella ......................................................55 australiensis, Leucilla ................................................. 25, 26, 210 australiensis, Wilsonella .........................................................148 australis, Corvoheteromeyenia ...........................................123 australis, Corvomeyenia .........................................................123 australis, Geodia .............................................................46, 208 australis var. fovea, Stelospongia......................................... 62, 63 australis var. levis, Stelospongia................................................63 authia, Timea .........................................................................88 avara, Dysidea ........................................................................56 avara, Spongelia .......................................................................56 Axinella ................................................... 89, 185, 186, 205, 215 Axinellidae ......................................................................88, 186 Axociella .................................................................................147 Axos ........................................................................................104 Axynissa ................................................................................186 Azorica ................................................................... 142, 205, 206 Azoricidae .............................................................................142 B Badinskia ...............................................................................180 baileyi, Heteromeyenia .................................................. 129, 209 baileyi, Spongilla ............................................................ 127, 129 baileyi var. insignis, Heteromeyenia............................... 129, 209 baileyi var. stepanowii, Heteromeyenia..................................128 barbadensis, Monanchora .............................................. 161, 210 barbara, Spongia ....................................................................61 barbara, Spongia (Spongia) ............................ 61, 62, 209, 213 barbata, Cinachyra ................................................................168 barbata, Leucandra .................................................. 28, 29, 210 barbata, Leuconia ...................................................... 28, 29, 210 barbata, Medon ........................................................................28 bartschi, Inflatella .......................................................... 108, 209 bartschi, Oceanapia ............................................... 80, 108, 209 basiarenacea, Clathria (Thalysias) ....................... 82, 147, 212 basiarenacea, Rhaphidophlus ......................................... 147, 212 basiarenaria, Clathria (Thalysias) ........................................147 Basiectyon....................................................................... 149, 206 batesii, Drulia ................................................................ 112, 207 batesii, Parmula ............................................................. 112, 211 batesii, Spongilla ....................................................................111 bathyalis, Esperiopsis ...................................................152, 190 bathybia var. mascarenica, Leucaltis .......................................35 Batzella ..................................................................................186 beae, Stelletta ......................................................... 42, 211, 214 beatrix, Aphrocallistes .................................................179, 180 beatrix, Iphiteon .....................................................................180 beatrix orientalis, Aphrocallistes.............................................180 beatrizae, Mycale ..................................................................157 beatrizae, Mycale (Mycale) ..................................................156 beatrizae, Tethya.....................................................................86 Becksiidae .............................................................................182 belindae, Terpios .....................................................................85 bergmanni, Aaptos .................................................................72 besnardi, Rhabderemia ........................................................150 bicladotylota, Acarnus ............................................................145 biclavata, Coelosphaera .......................................................159 biclavata, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) ............................159 biclavata, Polymastia .............................................................159 Biemna .................................................................. 151, 152, 186 bilamellata, Spongia ..............................................................148 bioxyasterina, Timea .............................................................88 biraphidora, Tedania (Trachytedania) .......................167, 215 biraphidora, Trachytedania ........................................... 167, 215 birotulata, Halichondria ........................................................163 birotulata, Iotrochota ..................................................163, 209 235 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera bispiraster, Corallistes ..........................................................142 bistellata, Diplastrella ...........................................................70 bistellata, Tethya ......................................................................70 bistyla, Ptilocaulis .................................................. 91, 198, 214 bistyla, Stylaxinella .......................................................... 91, 214 bistylata, Iotrochota ....................................................... 163, 209 blanca, Ascetta ................................................................. 34, 205 blanca, Clathrina ............................................................. 34, 206 blanca, Guancha ..................................................... 34, 205, 206 blanca, Leucosolenia ................................................................34 bocagei, Aphrocallistes ............................................................180 boehmi, Corvospongilla .................................................. 124, 207 bohmii, Corvospongilla .................................................. 124, 207 Bolosominae .........................................................................182 boreale, Hyalonema .................................................................71 borealis, Hyalonema .................................................................71 borealis, Stylocordyla ............................................... 71, 78, 214 botryoides, Spongia ..................................................................30 bouryesnaultae, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) ............... 83, 149, 212 brasiliana, Tethya ...................................................................86 brasiliense, Sycon ....................................................................31 brasiliensis, Arenosclera ...................................................79, 97 brasiliensis, Asteropus ....................................................40, 205 brasiliensis, Clathrina ....................................................33, 206 brasiliensis, Lophocalyx .......................................................183 brasiliensis, Sterrastrolepis .................................. 121, 122, 214 brasiliensis, Stratospongilla .................................... 121, 122, 214 brasiliensis, Tedania .............................................................165 brasiliensis, Tedania (Tedania) ...........................................165 braziliense, Sycon .....................................................................31 braziliensis, Halichondria ........................................ 95, 191, 208 braziliensis, Ptilocaulis ................................... 78, 91, 198, 214 braziliensis, Stylaxinella ................................................... 91, 214 braziliensis, Stylinos ......................................................... 91, 214 bresiliana, Spongia ........................................................... 60, 213 brownii, Drulia ..............................111, 112, 114, 207, 211, 214 brownii, Parmula ........................................................... 112, 211 brownii, Spongilla .......................................................... 111, 214 brownii var. rusbyi, Drulia ....................................................112 brownii var. rusbyi, Parmula ................................................112 brownii var. tuberculata, Drulia.............................................112 brownii var. tuberculata, Parmula ................................. 112, 211 Bubaris ............................................................................91, 186 bucklandi, Halina ....................................................................50 C Cacospongia ...........................................59, 62, 63, 77, 186, 206 caecilia, Mycale ......................................................................154 caissara, Aplysina .........................................................172, 174 Calcarea ...........................................................................25, 186 Calcaronea ......................................................................25, 186 Calcinea ...........................................................................32, 186 caliculata, Fasciospongia .......................................................63 caliculata, Pachastrella .............................................................51 236 caliculata, Stelospongia ............................................................63 calla, Axociella .......................................................................147 calla, Clathria .......................................................................147 calla, Clathria (Microciona) ................................................147 calla, Microciona ....................................................................147 Callyspongia .................................79, 97, 98, 99, 100, 186, 199, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 215 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) .................................... 79, 97, 98, 186, 206, 208 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ................................. 98, 99, 100, 206, 207, 209, 211 Callyspongia (Spinosella).........................................................99 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) ........................ 100, 199, 206, 215 Callyspongiidae ..............................................................97, 186 calypso, Clathria ..................................................................146 calypso, Clathria (Clathria) ..........................................82, 146 camera, Dendrilla .................................................................. 197 caminatus, Suberites ..............................................................72 Caminus ............................................................................44, 75 caminus, Aphroceras ........................................................ 28, 205 caminus, Leuconia ........................................................... 28, 210 caminus var. crassior, Aphroceras..................................... 28, 205 campana, Hircinia ...................................................................58 campana, Hircinia (Sarcotragus) ............................................58 campana, Ircinia ....................................................................58 campana, Spongia ....................................................................58 campecheae, Clathria ...........................................................147 campecheae, Clathria (Microciona) ...................................147 cana, Dysidea .........................................................................207 cana var. cincta, Spongelia .....................................................213 capensis, Verongia...................................................................216 capewelli, Spongilla ................................................................129 capitolii, Characella ...............................................................50 carbonaria, Adocia ................................................. 102, 106, 205 carbonaria, Neopetrosia ...................................... 102, 106, 205 carbonaria, Pellina .................................................................106 carbonaria, Spongia ...............................................................106 carbonaria, Xestospongia .......................................................106 careyi, Nubicaulus ..................................................................182 caribica, Amphimedon .........................................................102 caribica, Cribrochalina ..........................................................102 carinata, Geodia .......................................................................67 carinata, Placospongia ....................................................67, 68 carmabi, Reniera ....................................................................100 Carmia ........................................................................... 155, 206 carnosa, Halichondria ..............................................................85 carnosus, Suberites .........................................................85, 215 carpenteri, Cliona ............................................................ 67, 206 carpenteri, Holtenia ...............................................................179 carpenteri, Pheronema .........................................................179 carpenteri, Pione ............................................................67, 206 carteri, Acarnus ......................................................................145 carteri, Cliona ................................................... 64, 65, 207, 216 carteri, Cliona viridis var. ................................................ 64, 207 Taxonomic Index carteri, Craniella ............................................................84, 169 carteri, Spongilla ....................................................................127 carteri, Vioa ...................................................................... 64, 216 Carteriospongia ....................................................................196 cartilaginea var. horrida, Hircinia .........................................154 caruncula, Hymeniacidon ........................................................94 carvalhoi, Saturnospongilla ................................................132 catarinensis, Haliclona ........................................................101 catarinensis, Haliclona (Haliclona) ...................................101 catarinensis, Spongia (Heterofibria) ....................................61 cauliformis, Aplysina ...................................................173, 216 cauliformis, Luffaria ..............................................................173 cauliformis, Verongia ..................................................... 173, 216 cavernicola, Gastrophanella .................................. 81, 143, 190 cavernicola, Racekiela ..........................................................131 cavernosa, Hyattella ....................................... 60, 209, 213, 214 cavernosa, Spongia ...................................................................60 cearense, Sigmaxinella ...................................................83, 152 cebimarensis, Halichondria ...................................................93 cebimarensis, Halichondria (Halichondria) ..................79, 93 celata complex, Cliona ..................................................65, 188 celata, Cliona ..................................................................... 64, 65 celata, Hymeniacidon ..............................................................65 cerebrum, Clathrina ......................................................... 33, 206 Cervicornia ............................................................. 64, 186, 213 cf. agglutinans, Polymastia .................................................196 cf. anancora, Stelletta ...............................................................42 cf. barbadensis, Monanchora ......................................... 161, 194 cf. bioxyasterina, Timea ......................................................199 cf. camera, Psammaplysilla sp. ............................................197 cf. celata, Cliona ............................................................... 65, 188 cf. corrugata, Axinella ...................................................... 89, 185 cf. delitrix, Cliona ................................................................188 cf. formosus, Erylus ......................................................... 46, 190 cf. fulva, Aplysina..................................................................185 cf. hastifera, Sycettusa ...................................................... 29, 198 cf. intermedia, Placospongia ...............................................196 cf. janiae, Dysidea.................................................................190 cf. lactuca, Aplysina ....................................................... 176, 185 cf. madeirensis, Perissinella sp. ...........................................196 cf. mastoidea, Penares sp. ....................................................196 cf. maza, Tethya sp. ................................................................. 87 cf. nucula, Chondrilla ...................................................... 53, 187 cf. papyracea, Geodia ....................................................... 49, 190 cf. tenuis, Raspailia ................................................................149 cf. turgida, Fasciospongia sp. ..............................................190 cf. venosa, Clathria (Thalysias) ...........................................188 cf. viscosa, Darwinella ...........................................................189 Chalina ........................................................97, 99, 103, 186, 206 Chalinidae ....................................................................100, 186 Chalinopsis ......................................................................... 37, 38 Chalinula .............................................. 100, 101, 186, 205, 209 Characella ......................................................... 50, 76, 211, 212 Chelonaplysilla ...............................................................54, 187 chelotropa, Penares ..........................................................41, 74 chevreuxi, Biemna .................................................................152 chilensis, Crellomyxilla ................................................... 164, 207 chilensis, Ectyomyxilla ...........................................................164 chilensis, Myxilla ..................................................................164 chilensis, Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) ................................164, 207 choanoides, Chonelasma .............................................181, 187 choanoides, Chonelasma lamella ...........................................181 Chondrilla ................................................... 52, 53, 71, 187, 206 Chondrillidae .........................................................................52 Chondrillina ..................................................................... 71, 206 Chondropsidae .....................................................................159 Chondropsis .......................................................... 159, 206, 209 Chondrosia ................................................ 53, 54, 159, 187, 206 Chondrosida ...........................................................................52 Chonelasma ..................................................................181, 187 Chonelasmatinae .................................................................181 chrysalis, Amphoriscus .............................................................25 chrysalis, Ute ............................................................................25 Cinachyra .............................................. 167, 168, 169, 187, 206 cinachyra, Trachygellius .........................................................168 Cinachyrella .................................................. 168, 169, 187, 206 cincta, Cacospongia .......................................................... 63, 206 cincta, Spongelia cana var. .....................................................213 cincta, Scalarispongia .............................................. 63, 77, 206 Ciocalapata ...........................................................................187 Ciocalypta .......................................................................92, 187 ciocalyptoides, Monanthus .......................................................95 ciocalyptoides, Petromica ......................................................95 ciocalyptoides, Petromica (Chaladesma) .............................95 citrina, Mycale (Aegogropila) ................................................154 citrina, Petromica ..........................................................95, 196 citrina, Petromica (Chaladesma) ............................ 79, 95, 208 Cladochalina .................................................................... 99, 206 Cladothenea ..........................................................................187 clathrata, Hircinia ....................................................................60 clathrata, Monanchora ..........................................................161 Clathria ............................82, 146, 147, 148, 188, 210, 211, 212 Clathria (Clathria) ................................................. 82, 146, 210 Clathria (Microciona) ..........................................................147 Clathria (Thalysias) ............................... 82, 147, 148, 188, 212 Clathria (Wilsonella) ..................................... 82, 148, 211, 212 clathria, Artynas ......................................................................35 clathria, Leucaltis ...................................................................35 Clathrina ..........................................32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 188, 206 Clathrinida .............................................................................32 Clathrinidae ............................................................................32 clathrodes, Agelas ...................................................................37 clathrodes, Chalinopsis .............................................................37 clathrus, Grantia ......................................................................32 clavatus, Erylus .........................................................................45 clavus, Yucatania ......................................................................52 cliftoni, Naviculina .................................................................157 Cliona ............... 64, 65, 66, 67, 77, 188, 205, 206, 207, 213, 216 237 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Clionaidae .......................................................................64, 188 Clionidae ...............................................................................188 Clistolynthus ............................................................................34 coccinea, Spirastrella .......................................................70, 71 coccinea, Thalysias ............................................................. 70, 71 Coelosphaera ........................................................................159 Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) ......................................159, 208 Coelosphaeridae ...........................................................159, 188 collectrix, Cellulophana ............................................................53 collectrix, Chondrosia ....................................................53, 187 colonensis, Forcepia ................................................................160 columbia, Trypespongia ...........................................................60 compacta, Cacospongia .................................................... 59, 206 compacta, Hircinia ........................................................... 59, 209 compacta, Ircinia .............................................................. 59, 209 compacta, Psammocinia .................................. 59, 77, 206, 209 complanata, Amphimedon ..................................................103 complanata, Haliclona (Amphimedon) .................................103 complanata, Spongia ..............................................................103 compressa, Amphimedon ....................... 79, 102, 103, 184, 185 compressa, Aplysina ...............................................................178 compressa, Clathria ................................................................146 compressa, Fasciospongia .......................................................178 compressa, Haliclona (Amphimedon) ....................................103 compressa, Spongia ..................................................................27 conifera, Agelas .......................................................................38 conifera, Chalinopsis ................................................................38 conifera, Clathrina .........................................................33, 206 conifera, Drulia ....................................................................113 connexiva, Phakellia ......................................................90, 211 connexiva, Phakellia ventilabrum var. ............................. 90, 211 conqueror, Hyalonema (Cyliconema) .................................179 coocki var. ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata.................. 62, 213 copiosa, Plakinastrella ............................................................140 Coppatias..................................................................................41 coppingeri, Callyspongia .......................................................97 coppingeri, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ............. 97, 206, 208 coppingeri, Chalina .......................................................... 97, 206 coppingeri, Haliclona ....................................................... 97, 208 corallioides, Drulia ......................................................... 122, 207 corallioides, Spongilla ..................................................... 122, 214 corallioides, Stratospongilla ....................................................122 corallioides, Uruguaya ..................122, 123, 139, 207, 214, 216 coralliphaga, Aka ...........................................................80, 108 coralliphagum, Siphonodictyon .............................................108 Corallistes ...................................................... 142, 143, 188, 207 Corallistidae .........................................................................142 coralloides, Rhabderemia .......................................................151 corlosiformis, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. ......................62 corneus, Erylus ........................................................................45 Cornulum ................................................................ 82, 146, 205 corrugata, Acanthella ...............................................................89 corrugata, Axinella ................................................ 89, 185, 215 corrugata, Teichaxinella ................................................... 89, 215 238 corticata, Craniella ................................................ 84, 169, 215 corticata, Polymastia .............................................................69 corticata, Trachygellius ................................................... 169, 215 Corticium .................................................................................52 corticostylifera, Geodia ...................................... 47, 48, 75, 208 Corvoheteromeyenia ............................................ 123, 124, 207 Corvomeyenia ................................111, 117, 123, 124, 207, 216 Corvospongilla .............................................. 124, 125, 188, 207 Coscinospongia .............................................................. 143, 207 Crambeidae ...........................................................................161 Craniella .................................................. 84, 169, 170, 188, 215 cranium, Craniella .......................................................170, 215 cranium, Tethya ............................................................. 170, 215 cranium, Tetilla .............................................................. 170, 215 cranium var. abyssorum, Tethya ............................................170 cranium var. infrequens, Tethya .............................................170 crassa, Aiolochroia ........................171, 174, 205, 209, 212, 216 crassa, Aplysina ......................................................................171 crassa, Dendrospongia ............................................................171 crassa, Pseudoceratina .................................................... 171, 212 crassa, Verongia ......................................................................171 crassiloba, Chalina .................................................................103 crassiloba, Spongia .................................................................103 crassior, Aphroceras caminus var. .................................... 28, 205 crassior, Leucandra ................................................ 28, 205, 210 crassispicula, Pilochrota ................................................... 43, 212 crassispicula, Stelletta ....................................................43, 211 cratera, Latrunculia ...............................................................144 crateriformis, Ephydatia ................................................ 131, 208 crateriformis forma arndti, Ephydatia ...........................131, 208 crateriformis forma arndti, Meyenia......................................131 crateriformis paranensis, Ephydatia .............................131, 208 crateriformis, Radiospongilla ................................. 131, 132, 212 Crella ............................................................... 84, 162, 188, 207 Crella (Grayella) ..................................................... 84, 162, 207 Crellidae ................................................................................162 Crellomyxilla .................................................................. 164, 207 Crelloxea ......................................................................... 162, 207 Cribrella .................................................................................162 cribrifera, Sphinctrella ..................................................... 52, 213 cribrifera, Vulcanella .............................................................52 cribrifera, Vulcanella (Vulcanella) ...............................52, 213 cristagallus, Aplysina ...........................................................173 cristalina, Heteromeyenia ................................... 127, 128, 209 cristata, Drulia .............................................................113, 211 cristata, Parmula ............................................................ 113, 211 cristata, Placospongia ................................................ 68, 69, 78 cristata, Spongia (Heterofibria)................................................61 crosslandi, Leucandra ....................................................28, 210 crosslandi, Leuconia ......................................................... 28, 210 ctenosclera, Drulia ...............................................................114 cucumer, Euplectella ..............................................................181 cucumis, Leucandra .................................................................26 cumana, Timea .......................................................................88 Taxonomic Index cunctatrix, Spirastrella .............................................. 70, 71, 213 curacaoensis, Haliclona .......................................................102 curaçaoensis, Haliclona ..........................................................102 curacaoensis, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) .................................102 curaçaoensis, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) ....................................102 curaçaoensis, Reniera .............................................................102 cuspidifera, Cervicornia ................................................64, 213 cuspidifera, Cliona....................................................................64 cuspidifera, Spheciospongia ......................................................64 cuspidifera, Spirastrella .................................................... 64, 213 cuspidiferum, Alcyonium .........................................................64 Cyamon ................................................................. 148, 188, 215 Cyamoninae ..........................................................................148 cyanae, Tethya ........................................................................86 cyathophora, Grayella ............................................................162 Cydonium .......................................................... 46, 48, 188, 207 cylindractina, Clathrina ........................................................33 D Dactylocalycidae ..................................................................180 Dactylocalyx ......................................................... 144, 180, 188 Dactylochalina........................................................................100 Darwinella .............................................................. 55, 189, 207 Darwinellidae .........................................................................54 Darwinia .......................................................................... 55, 207 Dasychalina ......................................................................98, 207 delicata, Trochospongilla ..................................... 134, 135, 136 delitrix, Cliona .......................................................................65 Demospongiae ................................................................37, 189 Dendrilla ................................................................................197 Dendroceratida ......................................................................54 dendroides, Echinodictyum ........................... 82, 148, 190, 195 Dendrospongia .......................................................................171 dendyi, Desmacidon ...............................................................160 Densa .....................................................................................106 Dercitopsis ..............................................................................141 Dercitus ..................................................... 50, 51, 198, 211, 214 Dercitus (Halinastra) .....................................................51, 211 Dercitus (Stoeba) .................................................... 51, 198, 214 Desmacella ............................................................ 151, 152, 189 Desmacellidae ...............................................................151, 189 Desmacididae .......................................................................162 Desmacidon .....................................100, 109, 151, 160, 162, 207 Desmacodes.............................................................................152 Desmanthidae ..............................................................143, 189 Desmanthus ..................................................................143, 189 Desmapsamma ..................................................... 162, 189, 207 Desmoxyidae ................................................................... 96, 189 dickinsoni, Ircinia ....................................................................58 Dictyoceratida ........................................................................56 Dictyocylindrus ......................................................................148 Dictyodendrillidae .................................................................55 Dictyonella .............................................................. 92, 189, 207 Dictyonellidae ................................................................91, 189 Didiscus ..................................................................... 79, 96, 189 digitalis forma amorpha, Niphates ........................................105 digitata, Reniera .....................................................................165 diminutus, Erylus ...........................................................45, 208 Diplacodium ..........................................................................180 Diplastrella .......................................................................70, 78 diploderma, Tethya .......................................................... 86, 87 diprosopia, Haliclona .............................................................107 Discodermia ..........................................................................144 dispar, Agelas ............................................................ 37, 38, 205 dissoluta, Discodermia.........................................................144 distinctus, Coppatias.................................................................41 ditelliformis, Spongia (Spongia) ...................................62, 213 ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata ................................... 62, 213 ditelliformis, Spongia vermiculata coocki var. ................. 62, 213 diversisigmata, Mycale .........................................................158 diversisigmata, Mycale (Aegogropila).....................................158 diversisigmata, Mycale (Naviculina) ..................................158 doellojuradoi, Mycale (Mycale)..............................................157 domuncula, Alcyonium ............................................................72 Donatia ...................................................................... 86, 87, 207 Dosilia ................................................................... 125, 126, 210 Dragmacidon .....................................89, 90, 189, 205, 207, 212 Dragmaxia ......................................................................90, 189 Drulia ..................... 111, 112, 113, 114, 118, 122, 207, 211, 214 dubia, Dysidea .......................................................................207 dubia var. mollior, Spongelia..................................................213 dufresnei, Hyalonema (Prionema) .....................................179 dura, Hippospongia ..................................................................60 dura, Reniera ..........................................................................107 dioryssa, Cliona ......................................................................66 dioryssa, Spirastrella ................................................................66 Dysidea .........................................56, 57, 76, 189, 190, 207, 213 Dysideidae ......................................................................56, 189 Dyssycus ...................................................................................36 E echidnaea, Axinella ................................................................89 echina, Polyfibrospongia ...........................................................63 Echinoclathria ........................................................ 162, 192, 207 Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) .............................. 162, 192, 207 Echinodictinae ......................................................................148 Echinodictyum ........................................ 82, 148, 190, 193, 195 Echinonema ...........................................................................148 Echinostylinos ......................................... 83, 161, 162, 190, 207 Ecionemia ..............................................................................190 Ectoforcepia .................................................................... 160, 207 Ectyomyxilla ................................................................... 164, 207 Ectyoplasia ....................................................................149, 190 egedii, Sycinula .........................................................................27 elegans, Cribrella ....................................................................162 elegans, Raspailia ........................................................... 149, 212 elegans, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) ...................................... 149, 212 elegans, Raspaxilla ......................................................... 149, 212 239 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera eosaster, Cydonium ..................................................................46 eosaster, Geodia ................................................................ 46, 208 Ephydatia .............................................. 126, 131, 133, 208, 210 epilithosa, Corvomeyenia ....................................................111 Epipolasis..................................................................................96 equina, Hippospongia ...................................................... 61, 209 equina, Spongia ........................................................................60 equina var. meandriniformis, Hippospongia .................. 61, 209 equina var. meandriniformis, Spongia............................. 61, 213 erecta, Chelonaplysilla .....................................................54, 55 erecta, Niphates .................................................... 104, 105, 195 erectus, Megalospastas...............................................................54 erina, Amphimedon ............................................... 80, 103, 209 erina, Haliclona ............................................................. 103, 209 erinaceus, Spongilla ...............................................................133 Erylus ......................................................44, 45, 46, 75, 190, 208 escarlatei, Mycale .................................................................154 escarlatei, Mycale (Aegogropila) .........................................154 Esperella ..................................................154, 155, 156, 157, 208 Esperia ....................................................................................157 Esperiopsidae .......................................................................152 Esperiopsis ............................................................. 152, 160, 190 estevoui, Aphrocallistes ........................................................180 etheria, Dysidea ................................................................56, 76 Eunapius .......................................................................127, 190 Euplectella .....................................................................181, 182 Euplectellidae .......................................................................182 Euplectellinae .......................................................................182 euplocamos, Tetilla ...............................................................170 euplocamus, Tetilla ................................................................170 Eurete ...............................................................................84, 181 Euretidae .......................................................................181, 190 Euretinae ...............................................................................181 Euryades ...................................................................................55 Eurypon .................................................................................190 Euryspongia ......................................................................57, 76 Euspongia ................................................................. 62, 190, 208 everetti, Meyenia ....................................................................111 excavans, Amorphinopsis..........................................................92 exemplum var. tertia, Thorecta.................................................63 exostotica, Pachastrella ............................................................51 F facunda, Ephydatia .............................................. 126, 208, 210 facunda, Meyenia ........................................................... 126, 210 fallax, Callyspongia ...............................................................97 fallax, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ...............................97, 98 fallax, Callyspongia fallax forma .............................................98 Farrea ............................................................................181, 190 Farreidae ...............................................................................181 fascicularis, Ircinia ........................................................... 60, 209 fasciculata, Hircinia .................................................................60 fasciculata, Ircinia ............................................................ 60, 209 fasciculata, Spongia ............................................................ 58, 60 240 fasciculatus, Sarcotragus ...............................................60, 209 Fasciospongia .......................................................... 63, 178, 190 fecunda, Ephydatia ................................................................126 felix, Ircinia .......................................................................58, 60 felix, Polytherses .......................................................................58 fenestrata, Thenea ..................................................................51 fenestrata, Tisiphonia ...............................................................51 ferox, Amphimedon.................................................................149 ferox, Ectyoplasia..................................................................149 ferox surgens, Ectyoplasia........................................................149 fibrosa, Callyspongia ..............................................................98 fibrosa, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ................... 98, 207, 211 fibrosa, Dasychalina ......................................................... 98, 207 fibrosa, Pachychalina ........................................................ 98, 211 fibrosa, Rhabdastrella .............................................. 41, 74, 197 fibrosa, Rhabdastrella (Aurorella)............................................41 Fibularia................................................................. 159, 162, 208 fibulata, Axos .........................................................................104 Fibulia ....................................................................................190 Filifera ......................................................................................60 Filifera (Sarcotragus) ...............................................................60 fimbriata, Guitarra ................................................................153 fistula, Heterorotula .............................................................129 fistularis, Aplysina ........................................ 173, 174, 176, 216 fistularis, Aplysina fistularis forma ................................ 174, 176 fistularis fulva, Aplysina ......................................... 172, 174, 205 fistularis insularis, Aplysina ...................................................176 fistularis, Spongia ...................................................................174 fistularis, Verongia ................................................. 174, 176, 216 fistularis, Verongia fistularis forma ............................... 174, 216 fistulata var. microsigmatosa, Mycale ....................................155 fistulosa, Desmacidon .............................................................109 fistulosa, Oceanapia ....................................... 80, 109, 211, 213 fistulosa, Rhizochalina ................................................... 109, 213 fittkaui, Metania ............................................................81, 115 flagelliformis, Acanthella .......................................................91 flagelliformis, Bubaris ..............................................................91 flamma, Amphoriscus ...................................................... 29, 205 flamma, Grantessa ........................................................... 29, 208 flamma, Sycettusa .................................................. 29, 205, 208 flavus, Didiscus ........................................................................96 floridana, Leucaltis ..................................................................36 floridana, Leucetta .........................................................36, 210 floridana, Leucilla ....................................................................36 floridana, Lipostomella ............................................................36 floridanus, Amphoriscus ..........................................................36 floridanus, Dyssycus .................................................................36 fluminense, Erylus ..................................................................45 fluviatilis, Ephydatia ...................................................... 126, 208 fluviatilis ramsayi, Ephydatia ................................................126 fluviatilis, Spongia .................................................................126 folioides, Desmacidon .............................................................100 Foliolina .................................................................................110 Forcepia ........................................................... 83, 160, 190, 207 Taxonomic Index Forcepia (Ectoforcepia)...........................................................160 Forcepia (Forcepia) ................................................. 83, 160, 207 formosus, Erylus ......................................................... 45, 46, 75 fosteri, Perissinella ............................................................ 91, 211 fosteri, Ptilocaulis ............................................. 78, 91, 196, 211 fovea, Stelospongia australis var. ........................................ 62, 63 fragilis, Dysidea ........................................................ 56, 57, 213 fragilis, Esperiopsis .................................................................160 fragilis, Eunapius ..................................................................127 fragilis, Spongia ........................................................................56 fragilis, Spongilla ....................................................................127 fragilis, Spongilla (Eunapius).................................................127 fragilis var. ramosa, Spongelia pallescens.......................... 56, 213 franciscana, Spongilla ............................................ 112, 113, 214 frustulosum, Sycon .................................................................31 fugax, Terpios ..........................................................................85 fulva, Aplysina ....... 171, 172, 174, 177, 185, 200, 205, 213, 216 fulva, Aplysina fistularis ......................................... 172, 174, 205 fulva, Spongia ................................................................. 174, 213 fulva, Verongia ............................................................... 174, 216 fulva, Verongia fistularis forma ..................................... 174, 216 funiformis, Thrinacophora ............................................83, 150 furtiva, Holoxea .......................................................................40 fusca, Esperella ....................................................... 156, 157, 208 fusca, Mycale .......................................................... 156, 157, 210 fusca, Spongia ........................................................................103 fusifera, Myxilla (?) plumosa var. .................................. 163, 211 G gardineri, Darwinella ............................................................55 Gastrophanella ............................................... 81, 143, 190, 208 geayi, Drulia ...........................................................................112 geayi, Parmula .......................................................................112 gellindra, Halichoclona ..........................................................101 Gelliodes ........................................................................104, 105 Geodia .....46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 67, 75, 76, 190, 207, 208, 213, 215 Geodia (Cydonium).......................................................... 49, 208 Geodiidae ........................................................................44, 190 gibberosa, Geodia ....................................................... 46, 47, 48 gigantea, Aplysina...................................................................178 gigantea, Verongula .............................................................178 gigas, Pilochrota ............................................................... 43, 212 gigas, Stelletta ........................................................... 42, 43, 212 glabra, Anisoxya .......................................................................95 glariosa, Geodia .................................................. 47, 48, 75, 207 glariosus, Cydonium ........................................................ 48, 207 globosa, Leucandra ..................................................... 28, 29, 210 goliath, Normania ............................................................ 50, 211 gracilis, Echinonema ..............................................................148 gracilis, Ptilocaulis ....................................................................91 gracilis, Rhaphidophlus .................................................. 148, 212 grandis, Homoeodictya .................................................. 153, 209 grandis, Isodictya .........................................................153, 209 Grantessa .........................................................................29, 208 Grantia ...................................................................... 27, 32, 191 Grantiidae ...............................................................................27 Grantilla....................................................................................29 granulatum, Alcyonium ...........................................................96 Grayella ..................................................................................162 grayi, Pheronema ...................................................................179 grayi, Prianus ................................................................. 107, 212 grayi, Xestospongia ........................................ 80, 107, 197, 212 gregaria, Metania ........................................................... 134, 210 gregaria, Meyenia .......................................................... 134, 210 gregaria, Spongilla ......................................................... 134, 214 gregaria, Trochospongilla .................................... 134, 210, 214 grimaldii, Hexactinella ..........................................................181 grimaldii, Petromica ................................................................94 grubei, Stelletta ........................................................................42 guairensis, Potamophloios ...................................................121 Guancha .................................................... 34, 35, 191, 205, 206 Guitarra ........................................................................153, 191 Guitarridae ...................................................................153, 191 H habanensis, Didiscus ................................................................96 Hadromerida ..................................................................64, 191 hajdui, Stelletta ......................................................................43 Halichoclona .................................................................. 101, 102 Halichondria ......79, 85, 90, 93, 94, 95, 151, 154, 160, 163, 164, 165, 191, 194, 208 Halichondria (Halichondria) ..........................................79, 93 Halichondrida ................................................................88, 191 Halichondriidae ....................................................... 92, 95, 191 halichondrioides, Petrosia ......................................................141 halichondrioides, Plakortis .................................................141 Haliclona ....97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 184, 186, 191, 208, 209 Haliclona (Halichoclona) ....................................................101 Haliclona (Haliclona) ..........................................................101 Haliclona (Reniera) .............................................. 101, 102, 191 Haliclona (Rhizoniera) ................................................102, 106 Haliclona (Soestella) ....................................................102, 106 Halicometes .............................................................................86 Halina ......................................................................................50 Halinastra ................................................................................51 Halisarca ...............................................................................191 Halme .....................................................................................192 halmiformis, Hircinia ..............................................................59 Hamacantha .................................................................153, 192 Hamacantha (Vomerula) .............................................153, 192 Hamacanthidae ....................................................................153 Haplosclerida ..................................................................97, 192 Haplosclerina .........................................................................97 hartmani, Spirastrella ..................................... 70, 71, 206, 213 hastifera, Grantessa .......................................................... 29, 208 hastifera, Grantilla ...................................................................29 hastifera, Sycettusa ................................................. 29, 198, 208 241 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera helena, Cinachyra .........................................................168, 187 heliophila, Hymeniacidon .............................................94, 192 heliophila, Stylotella .................................................................94 helleri, Stelletta .........................................................................41 helwigi, Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) ......................... 162, 207 helwigi, Holopsamma ............................................................162 Hemiasterellidae ..................................................................192 Hemimycale ..........................................................................192 hemisphaerica, Acanthotetilla ................................................167 hentschelii, Leucandra ................................................... 29, 210 hentschelii, Leuconia ........................................................ 29, 210 heroni, Arenosclera ...................................................................97 Heteromeyenia ..............................127, 128, 129, 131, 192, 209 Heteropegma ............................................................................35 Heteropia ..................................................................................30 Heteropiidae ...........................................................................29 Heterorotula .........................................................................129 heterosclera, Corvoheteromeyenia ..............................124, 207 heterosclera, Corvomeyenia ........................................... 124, 207 Heteroxyidae ...................................................................96, 189 Hexactinella ...........................................................................181 Hexactinellida .......................................................................178 Hexactinosida .......................................................................179 Hexasterophora ....................................................................179 Higginsia ...............................................................................192 Hippiospongia ..........................................................................60 Hippospongia .................................................... 60, 61, 192, 209 Hircinia .................................................58, 59, 60, 154, 192, 209 Hircinia (Sarcotragus) .............................................................58 hirsuta, Tetilla ........................................................................168 hogarthi, Haliclona ................................................................102 Holopsamma .......................................................... 159, 162, 209 Holoxea ..................................................................... 40, 74, 192 Holtenia .................................................................................179 Homoeodictya ................................................................ 153, 209 Homosclerophorida .....................................................140, 192 horrida, Hircinia cartilaginea var. .........................................154 horrida, Trochospongilla ................................................ 133, 135 horrida, Vulcanella ...................................................................52 horrida, Vulcanella (Vulcanella) ..............................................52 horridus, Thorecta ..................................................................154 Houssayella ...........................................................................115 humboldti, Sycon .....................................................................31 Hyalonema ...................................................... 71, 178, 179, 192 Hyalonema (Coscinonema) .................................................178 Hyalonema (Cyliconema) ....................................................179 Hyalonema (Prionema) .......................................................179 Hyalonematidae ...................................................................178 Hyattella .................................................. 60, 192, 209, 213, 214 Hymedesmia ................................................... 88, 153, 164, 192 Hymedesmiidae ............................................................163, 192 Hymenancora ...............................................................164, 211 Hymeniacidon ...........................65, 94, 154, 155, 156, 192, 209 Hymeraphia ...........................................................................147 242 Hyrtios ...............................................................................62, 63 I Ianthella.......................................................................... 171, 209 ianthella, Ianthella ......................................................... 171, 209 Igernella .................................................................. 55, 192, 209 ignis, Tedania ........................................................ 165, 166, 167 ignis, Tedania (Tedania) .............................. 165, 166, 167, 215 ignis, Tethya ............................................................................87 ignis, Thalysias .......................................................................165 iguazuensis, Houssayella .....................................................115 implexa, Gastrophanella .............................................143, 208 impura, Leucaltis .....................................................................36 incrustans, Aciculites ..............................................................143 incrustata, Stelletta ................................................................214 Inflatella ................................................................. 108, 192, 209 infrequens, Tethya cranium var .............................................170 ingalli, Dactylocalyx ...............................................................180 innominatus, Acarnus ..........................................................145 innominatus, Acarnus (Acarnus) ...........................................145 insidiosa, Aka .........................................................................108 insignis, Heteromeyenia ...................................... 127, 129, 209 insignis, Heteromeyenia baileyi var. .............................. 129, 209 insularis, Aplysina ................................................................176 insularis, Aplysina fistularis ...................................................176 insularis, Luffaria ...................................................................176 insularis, Plakortis ...............................................................142 intermedia, Oncosclera ........................................................118 intermedia, Placospongia ......................................................68 intermedia, Stratospongilla ....................................................118 intestinalis, Hyattella ....................................................... 60, 209 Iophon ...................................................................................192 Iotrochota .............................................................. 163, 192, 209 Iotrochotidae ................................................................163, 192 Iphiteon .........................................................................180, 194 Ircinia ....................... 58, 59, 60, 76, 77, 192, 193, 197, 209, 214 Irciniidae .........................................................................58, 193 irregularis var. pertusa, Euspongia................................... 62, 208 Isodictya ........................................................ 108, 153, 193, 209 isodictyalis, Halichondria ......................................................160 isodictyalis, Lissodendoryx ..........................................160, 161 isodictyalis, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) .......................160 Isodictyidae ..........................................................................153 isodictyiformis, Oceanapia ............................................. 109, 211 isodictyiformis, Phloeodictyon ...............................................109 isorrhopa, Pachastrella .............................................................51 itajai, Rhabderemia .............................................................151 J janeirensis, Polymastia .................................... 69, 78, 212, 214 janeirensis, Suberites ........................................................ 69, 214 janiae, Dysidea .......................................................................57 janiae, Terpios ..........................................................................57 janusi, Aplysina .............................................................. 171, 205 Taxonomic Index janusi, Verongia ............................................................. 171, 216 japonica, Tethya .....................................................................87 Jaspis .................................................................. 41, 74, 185, 193 jejuensis, Aphrocallistes ..........................................................180 Jenkinidae .............................................................................193 jewelli, Oncosclera .................................................. 81, 118, 214 jewelli, Spongilla ............................................................ 118, 214 jewelli, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ........................................118 johnsoni, Hymedesmia ...........................................................153 johnstoni, Coppatias ................................................................41 johnstonii, Jaspis ....................................................................41 johnstonii, Vioa .................................................................. 41, 61 joyeuxi, Igernella .............................................................. 55, 209 joyeuxy, Darwinella .................................................................55 K kallitetilla, Myriastra ...............................................................43 kallitetilla, Stelletta ................................................................43 kempfi, Grantia .......................................................................27 Keratosa .................................................................................193 kerguelenensis, Ectyomyxilla .......................................... 164, 207 kerguelensis, Ectyomyxilla ......................................................164 ketostea, Asteropus ...................................................................40 ketostea, Stellettinopsis .............................................................40 Kieplitela ................................................................................193 kiliani, Metania ............................................................115, 210 kirkpatricki, Hyalonema (Coscinonema) ..............................178 kittoni, Corticium ....................................................................52 kittoni, Thrombus ..................................................................52 kuekenthali, Cinachyrella ............................................169, 206 kükenthali, Cinachyra .................................................... 169, 206 L laboreli, Callyspongia ............................................................98 laboreli, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) .................... 79, 98, 186 lachne, Hippiospongia ..............................................................60 lachne, Hippospongia ............................................................60 lactea, Euryspongia ..................................................................57 lactuca, Aplysina ..........................................................176, 185 lacunosa, Aplysina ................................ 176, 177, 200, 205, 216 lacunosa, Spongia ...................................................................176 lacunosa, Verongia .................................................................176 lacustris, Spongia ...................................................................133 laevis, Esperia .........................................................................157 laevis, Mycale ........................................................................157 laevis, Mycale (Mycale) ................................ 156, 157, 208, 210 lamarcki, Ascaltis .....................................................................35 lamella choanoides, Chonelasma............................................181 lamella, Chonelasma ..............................................................181 Lanuginellinae ......................................................................182 lanzamirandai, Trochospongilla .........................................135 latens, Erylus ...................................................................46, 190 latex, Dercitus (Stoeba) .......................................... 51, 198, 214 latex, Stoeba ..................................................................... 51, 214 latitubulata, Clathrina .............................................................35 latitubulata, Heteropegma .......................................................35 Latrunculia ...................................................................144, 193 Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ...................................................144 Latrunculiidae .............................................................. 144, 193 Latrunculina .........................................................................144 laxissima, Acamas ..................................................................154 laxissima, Mycale .................................................................154 laxissima, Mycale (Acamasina) .............................................154 laxissima, Mycale (Arenochalina)....................... 154, 208, 210 Laxosuberites .......................................................... 72, 193, 209 Lefroyella.................................................................................180 leidii, Trochospongilla ............................................................138 leidyi, Trochospongilla ...........................................................138 Leiodermatium ............................................. 142, 144, 205, 206 Leiosella .................................................................................193 leptoderma, Lissodendoryx ....................................................160 leptoderma, Tedania ..............................................................160 Leptosia ..................................................................................164 lernerae, Haliclona (Halichoclona) ....................................101 Leucaltidae ..............................................................................35 Leucaltis ............................................................................35, 36 Leucandra .......................... 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 193, 205, 210 Leucascidae .............................................................................35 Leucascus .................................................................................36 Leucetta ............................................................. 36, 37, 193, 210 Leucettidae ..............................................................................36 Leucilla ........................................................ 25, 26, 36, 193, 210 Leuconia ....................................................25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 210 Leucosolenia .................................................. 30, 32, 34, 36, 193 Leucosolenida .........................................................................25 Leucosoleniidae ......................................................................30 levii, Acanthacarnus ...............................................................145 levis, Cacospongia ............................................................63, 77 levis, Stelospongia australis var. ...............................................63 levis, Vosmaeropsis .................................................................30 lilaceus, Haliclona ................................................................101 lilaceus, Haliclona (Haliclona) ...........................................101 lilianae, Mycale (Aegogropila) ............................................154 lingua, Aplysina ....................................................................177 lingua, Hymeniacidon .................................................... 154, 156 Lipostomella .............................................................................36 lissochela, Mycale ...................................................................155 Lissodendoryx ......................................... 83, 160, 161, 193, 212 Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) ............................... 83, 160, 212 Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) ...........................................160 Lithistida ................................................................. 95, 142, 193 lobata, Aphrocallistes ...........................................................180 lobata, Badinskia ...................................................................180 lobosa, Euspongia officinalis var. ...................................... 62, 208 lobosa, Spongia (Spongia) ..................................... 62, 208, 213 longimycalostylifera, Ulosa .................................................152 longispina, Ircinia ............................................................ 59, 209 longispina, Polytherses .............................................................59 243 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera longispinus, Stelospongus ................................................. 59, 214 longissima, Verongia ...................................................... 173, 216 longleyi, Haliclona .................................................................106 Lophocalyx ....................................................................183, 193 lophyropoda, Scopalina ............................................................91 loricata, Spongilla ..................................................................124 Luffaria .......................................................................... 173, 176 lunaecharta, Axinella ....................................................... 89, 205 lunaecharta, Pseudaxinella ........................................ 89, 90, 212 lutea, Halichondria .......................................................... 95, 208 lutea, Niphates ......................................................................105 lutea, Pachataxa ............................................................... 51, 211 luteus, Dercitus (Halinastra) .........................................51, 211 Lychniscosida ........................................................................182 lynceus, Leiodermatium .........................................................142 lyncurium, Donatia ......................................................... 86, 207 lyncurium, Tethya ...................................................... 86, 87, 215 Lyssacinosida ........................................................................182 M macandrewi, Uruguaya ................................. 122, 123, 138, 139 macandrewi, Uruguayella .............................................. 122, 138 macera, Heteropia ....................................................................30 macilenta, Hymeniacidon ......................................................155 mackayi, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. ........................137 magna, Paraleucilla ....................................... 26, 193, 195, 210 magniconulosa, Halichondria ...............................................93 magniconulosa, Halichondria (Halichondria)......................93 magnirhaphidifera, Mycale .................................................155 magnirhaphidifera, Mycale (Carmia) ................................155 mamillaris, Spongia .................................................................69 mamillata, Reniera ................................................................102 mammillaris, Haliclona .......................................................101 mammillaris, Haliclona (Haliclona) ..................................101 mammillaris, Polymastia.................................................. 69, 212 mammillaris, Stelletta ..............................................................44 manglaris, Haliclona ...........................................................101 manglaris, Haliclona (Reniera) ..........................................101 manglaris, Terpios ............................................................78, 85 manus, Spongia ......................................................................103 Manzonia ..............................................................................182 Margaritella ...........................................................................194 mascarenica, Leucaltis bathybia var. ........................................35 massa, Suberites ............................................................... 85, 215 maza, Donatia .........................................................................87 maza, Tethya ............................................................. 87, 88, 215 maza, Tethytimea ............................................................. 87, 215 meandriniformis, Hippospongia equina var. ................... 61, 209 meandriniformis, Spongia equina var. ............................. 61, 213 meandroides, Desmanthus ..........................................143, 189 Medon ......................................................................................28 megastellata, Diplastrella ................................................70, 78 melana, Haliclona ................................................................102 melana, Haliclona (Soestella) .....................................102, 106 244 melanos, Pseudosuberites ................................................. 67, 212 mello-leitaoi, Tubella ..................................... 116, 137, 138, 216 melobesioides, Placospongia ..................................... 67, 68, 69 Melophlus ..............................................................................194 Menanetia ..............................................................................194 mesatlantica, Alectona ...........................................................64 mesenterina, Spongia .............................................................148 Metania........... 81, 115, 116, 117, 120, 134, 136, 138, 194, 210, 214, 216 Metaniidae ............................................................................110 Meyenia ........................... 111, 125, 126, 131, 133, 134, 135, 210 microacanthosigma, Biemna ..............................................151 Microciona ..................................................... 146, 147, 150, 210 Microcionidae ...............................................................146, 194 Microcionina ........................................................................145 Microcioninae ......................................................................146 microraphis, Leucetta ....................................................... 36, 210 microrhabdifera, Plakortis ............................................81, 142 microsigmatosa, Carmia ................................................ 155, 206 microsigmatosa, Mycale .......................................................155 microsigmatosa, Mycale (Carmia) .............. 155, 156, 194, 206 microsigmatosa, Mycale fistulata var. ....................................155 microspiculifera, Plakinastrella ..................................140, 141 microxifera, Hamacantha ...................................................153 microxifera, Hamacantha (Vomerula) .......................153, 192 migottea, Halichondria ..........................................................93 migottea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ...............................93 millari, Alectona .......................................................................64 minima, Trochospongilla pennsylvanica var. .........................137 minima, Tubella pennsylvanica var. ......................................137 minuta, Clathria ..................................................................147 minuta, Clathria (Thalysias) ......................................147, 212 minuta, Halicometes ..............................................................86 minuta, Meyenia ....................................................................135 minuta, Trochospongilla ...................................... 134, 135, 136 minutula, Microciona ............................................................150 minutus, Rhaphidophlus ................................................ 147, 212 mirabilis, Arenochalina ..........................................................154 mixta, Hymedesmia .................................................................88 mixta, Timea ...........................................................................88 mixtum, Diplacodium ...........................................................180 molitba, Acervochalina .................................................. 100, 205 molitba, Chalinula ............................................... 100, 205, 209 molitba, Haliclona ......................................................... 100, 209 mollior, Cacospongia ................................................................62 mollior, Spongelia dubia var. .................................................213 mollis, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. ......................... 62, 213 Monanchora .....................................83, 155, 161, 194, 207, 210 Monanthus ...............................................................................95 monilifera, Pachastrella .........................................................51 monolopha, Plakina ...............................................................140 morchella, Teichaxinella ..........................................................89 moseleyi, Scolopes .............................................................64, 77 mucosa, Tedania ............................................................ 167, 215 Taxonomic Index mucronata, Myxilla ......................................................164, 165 mucronata, Myxilla (Myxilla) .............................................164 muelleri, Craniella .................................................................170 muelleri, Darwinella ......................................................55, 207 muelleri, Darwinia ..................................................................55 mulleri, Darwinella .................................................................55 mülleri, Darwinia ............................................................ 55, 207 murdochi, Tedania ......................................................... 167, 215 muricata, Tethea ......................................................................51 muricyana, Aplysina .............................................. 84, 177, 185 muta, Petrosia ........................................................................107 muta, Schmidtia .....................................................................107 muta, Xestospongia ..............................................................107 Mycale .....153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 194, 206, 208, 210, 211,216 Mycale (Acamasina) ..............................................................154 Mycale (Aegogropila) ................................... 154, 158, 194, 210 Mycale (Arenochalina) ......................................... 154, 208, 210 Mycale (Carmia) ........................................... 155, 156, 194, 206 Mycale (Mycale) .................................... 156, 157, 194, 208, 210 Mycale (Naviculina) .....................................................157, 158 Mycale (Zygomycale) ............................................ 158, 210, 216 Mycalidae ......................................................................153, 194 Mycalina ........................................................................151, 194 Myriastra ................................................................... 42, 43, 211 Myrmekioderma ..................................................... 96, 194, 211 Myxilla ...........................................163, 164, 165, 194, 207, 211 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) ......................................... 164, 207, 211 Myxilla (Myxilla) ..................................................................164 Myxillidae .....................................................................164, 194 Myxillina .......................................................................159, 194 N Nardoa ...................................................................... 30, 34, 211 Nardopsis ..................................................................................34 Nardorus ..................................................................................34 navicella, Oncosclera ...................................................118, 214 navicella, Spongilla ................................................ 118, 120, 214 navicella, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ....................................118 Naviculina...............................................................................157 Neofibularia ..................................................................106, 194 Neopetrosia ................................................... 102, 106, 107, 205 neptuni, Geodia ........................................ 47, 48, 208, 213, 215 neptuni, Sidonops ....................................................... 48, 49, 213 neptuni, Synops .......................................................... 48, 49, 215 nicoleae, Acarnus ..................................................................145 nicoleae, Tethya ......................................................................87 niger, Asteropus ..............................................................40, 192 nigra, Clathria (Wilsonella) .......................... 82, 148, 211, 212 nigra, Phoriospongia ...................................................... 148, 211 nigra, Psammotoxa ........................................................ 148, 212 Niphates .................................................. 80, 104, 105, 194, 195 Niphatidae ....................................................................102, 195 nodosa, Oceanapia .......................................................109, 211 nodosa, Pellina .......................................................................109 nodosum, Phloeodictyon ........................................................109 nodulosa, Oceanapia ............................................. 81, 109, 213 nodulosa, Rhizochalina .......................................... 109, 184, 213 nodus gordii, Heteropegma ......................................................35 noevus, Chelonaplysilla ............................................................54 Normania ......................................................................... 50, 211 northumbrica, Cliona ..............................................................67 notabilis, Euryades ...................................................................55 notabilis, Igernella ................................................... 55, 56, 209 novae terrae, Corvospongilla .......................................... 125, 207 Nubicaulus .............................................................................182 nucula, Chondrilla ............................................................. 52, 53 nucula complex, Chondrilla .................................... 52, 53, 187 nuda, Esperella ....................................................... 154, 155, 208 nuda, Mycale .................................................................. 154, 210 O obliqua, Spongia .....................................................................213 obliqua, Tenaciella .................................................................147 occa, Farrea ...........................................................................181 occa, Farrea occa ....................................................................181 Oceanapia ............80, 81, 108, 109, 110, 192, 195, 209, 211, 213 oculata, Haliclona ..................................................................101 oculata, Spongia .....................................................................101 officinalis, Spongia ..................................................... 61, 62, 213 officinalis, Spongia (Spongia)...................................................61 officinalis tubulifera var. corlosiformis, Spongia.......................62 officinalis tubulifera var. mollis, Spongia......................... 62, 213 officinalis tubulifera var. pertusa, Spongia ...............................62 officinalis tubulifera var. prava, Spongia................................. 62 officinalis var. lobosa, Euspongia ...................................... 62, 208 oleracea, Oceanapia .....................................................109, 213 oleracea, Rhizochalina .................................................... 109, 213 Olynthus ...................................................................................34 Oncosclera ................................81, 118, 119, 120, 121, 195, 214 onkodes, Dercitopsis ...............................................................141 onkodes, Plakinastrella ........................................................141 ophiraphidites, Topsentia ..................................... 95, 191, 208 ophiraphidites, Viles .................................................................95 orientalis, Aphrocallistes beatrix ............................................180 ornata, Anheteromeyenia ............................................123, 212 ornata, Radiospongilla ................................................... 123, 212 orthoreticulata, Aplysina .....................................................177 Oscarella ................................................................................195 oxeata, Didiscus ........................................................ 79, 96, 189 oxeatus, Didiscus ......................................................................96 oxyaster, Erylus ................................................................ 45, 208 P Pachastrella .....................................................................51, 195 Pachastrellidae ...............................................................50, 195 pachastrelloides, Characella ..........................................50, 212 pachastrelloides, Stelletta .........................................................50 Pachastrissa ..........................................................................195 245 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Pachataxa ......................................................................... 51, 211 Pachychalina .............. 80, 98, 103, 105, 106, 163, 184, 195, 211 Pachypellina ..........................................................................195 pallescens, Dysidea ...................................................................56 pallescens fragilis var. ramosa, Spongelia ......................... 56, 213 pallescens, Spongelia ................................................................56 pallida, Callyspongia .............................................................98 pallida, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) ...................................98 palmata, Spongia ...................................................................153 palmeri, Dosilia ......................................................................125 palmeri, Dosilia plumosa var. ................................................125 palmeri, Meyenia ..................................................................125 palmeri, Meyenia plumosa var. ...................................... 125, 210 Pandaros ............................................91, 148, 154, 158, 161, 195 panicea, Halichondria ...........................................................93 panicea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ................................93 panicea, Spongia ......................................................................93 Papillina ...................................................................................65 papyracea, Geodia ............................................ 49, 76, 190, 208 papyracea, Geodia (Cydonium) ....................................... 49, 208 Paraleucilla ..................................................... 26, 193, 195, 210 paranensis, Ephydatia crateriformis .............................. 131, 208 parasitica var. arenosa, Mycale...............................................156 Paresperella ............................................................................211 parishii, Raphiodesma ...........................................................158 parishii, Zygomycale ...................................................... 158, 216 Parmula .................................................................. 112, 113, 211 pauciarenaria, Ircinia ................................................ 58, 76, 77 paulata, Metania ........................................................... 136, 210 paulula, Spongilla .......................................................... 136, 214 paulula, Trochospongilla ..................... 134, 136, 210, 214, 216 paulula, Tubella ............................................................. 136, 216 peachi, Desmacidon ...............................................................151 pedunculata, Saccocalyx .........................................................182 pedunculatus, Saccocalyx ....................................................182 pelagica, Nardoa .............................................................. 30, 211 pelagica, Sycettusa ..........................................................29, 211 Pellina .................................................................... 106, 109, 195 peltata, Foliolina ....................................................................110 peltata, Oceanapia ...............................................................110 Penares .............................................................. 41, 74, 195, 196 penicillus, Ciocalypta ...............................................................92 pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla .................. 116, 137, 138, 216 pennsylvanica, Trochospongilla (Tubella) ..............................137 pennsylvanica, Tubella ...........................................................137 pennsylvanica var. mackayi, Trochospongilla ........................137 pennsylvanica var. minima, Tubella .....................................137 pennsylvanica var. minima, Trochospongilla .........................137 pentactinale, Sycon ................................................................31 pentactinalis, Sycon ..................................................................31 pergamentacea, Aplysina ....................................... 84, 177, 200 pergamentacea, Callyspongia ...............................................99 pergamentacea, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) ..... 98, 206, 209 pergamentacea, Chalina .................................................. 99, 206 246 pergamentacea, Cladochalina armigera var. ................... 99, 206 pergamentacea, Haliclona ................................................ 99, 209 Perissinella ............................................................... 91, 196, 211 perlevis, Hymeniacidon .................................................94, 209 perlevis, Spongia ......................................................................94 perlucida, Paraleucilla ...........................................................26 pertusa, Euspongia irregularis var. ................................... 62, 208 pertusa, Spongia .....................................................................62 pertusa, Spongia (Spongia) ................................... 62, 208, 213 pertusa, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. ...............................62 pesae, Pottsiela ...................................................... 129, 130, 214 petiolata, Sycandra ........................................................... 31, 215 petiolatum, Sycum ...................................................................31 petiolatus, Sycon .......................................................................31 petricola, Oncosclera ............................................................120 petricola, Spongilla .................................................................120 petricola, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) ....................................120 Petromica .................................................... 79, 94, 95, 196, 208 Petromica (Chaladesma) ......................................... 79, 95, 208 Petrosia ............................................................ 80, 107, 141, 196 Petrosia (Petrosia) .................................................. 80, 107, 196 Petrosiidae ....................................................................106, 196 Petrosina ...............................................................................106 pfeifferae, Azorica ........................................................... 142, 205 pfeifferae, Leiodermatium ................................... 142, 205, 206 pfeifferae, Leiodermatium (‘Azorica’) ....................................142 pfeifferae tenui-laminaris, Azorica ................................ 142, 206 Phakellia ................................................................. 90, 196, 211 phakellina, Raspailia (Raspaxilla) .....................................150 phakellina, Raspaxilla .................................................... 149, 150 Phellodermidae ....................................................................196 Pheronema ............................................................................179 Pheronematidae ...................................................................179 philippinensis, Rossella ...........................................................183 Phloeodictyidae ............................................................108, 196 Phloeodictyon .........................................................................109 Phorbas .............................................84, 163, 196, 205, 211, 212 Phoriospongia ................................................................ 148, 211 phylloides, Chondrillina ................................................... 71, 206 phyllodes, Chondrilla ....................................................... 71, 206 phyllodes, Spirastrella ...............................................................71 Pilochrota ........................................................... 42, 43, 211, 212 Pione ................................................................................67, 206 Placospongia ................................................. 67, 68, 69, 78, 196 Placospongiidae .....................................................................67 placospongioides, Didiscus........................................................96 Plakina ..........................................................................140, 196 Plakinastrella ........................................................ 140, 141, 196 Plakinidae .....................................................................140, 196 Plakortis .................................................. 81, 141, 142, 196, 212 plumosa, Pronax ............................................................ 163, 212 plumosa, Spongia ...................................................................163 plumosa, Spongilla .................................................................125 plumosa var. fusifera, Myxilla......................................... 163, 211 Taxonomic Index plumosa var. palmeri, Dosilia.................................................125 plumosa var. palmeri, Meyenia...................................... 125, 210 plumosus, Phorbas ............................................... 163, 211, 212 Poecillastra ....................................................................... 50, 212 Poecilosclerida ..............................................................144, 196 polydiscus, Dactylocalyx .........................................................144 Polyfibrospongia ......................................................... 62, 63, 196 Polymastia ...................................69, 71, 78, 159, 196, 212, 214 Polymastiidae .................................................................69, 197 polypoides, Axinella .................................................................89 Polytherses .................................................................. 58, 59, 197 Porifera ....................................................................................25 porosum, Psammoclema ..............................................159, 212 porosum, Psammopemma .............................................. 159, 212 Potamolepidae ......................................................................118 Potamolepis ............................................................................121 Potamophloios ......................................................................121 poterium, Ascaltis ...................................................................36 poterium, Ascetta .....................................................................36 poterium, Ascetta primordialis var. ..........................................36 poterium, Clathrina .................................................................36 poterium, Leucosolenia ............................................................36 potiguar, Leucetta ..................................................................37 Pottsiela ........................................................... 81, 129, 130, 214 praetexta, Aplysina .................................................................178 prava, Spongia officinalis tubulifera var. .................................62 Prianus ................................................................... 107, 197, 212 primigenia, Leucetta ................................................................36 primordialis, Clathrina .................................................... 33, 206 primordialis var. poterium, Ascetta .........................................36 procera, Clathria ..................................................................148 procera, Clathria (Thalysias) ......................................148, 212 procerus, Rhaphidophlus ........................................................148 prolifera, Clathria (Clathria) ......................................146, 210 prolifera, Microciona ...................................................... 146, 210 prolifera, Spongia ...................................................................146 Pronax ............................................................................ 163, 212 Prosuberites ............................................................................161 proteus, Hyrtios ......................................................................63 Protosuberites ......................................................... 72, 197, 212 proxima, Neofibularia ............................................................106 proxima, Neopetrosia ...........................................................106 proxima, Thalysias .................................................................106 proxima, Xestospongia ...........................................................106 Psammaplysilla ......................................................................197 Psammochela ................................................................. 160, 212 Psammocinia .................................................... 59, 77, 206, 209 Psammoclema ...............................................................159, 212 Psammopemma .............................................................. 159, 212 Psammotoxa ................................................................... 148, 212 Pseudaxinella ............................................................. 89, 90, 212 Pseudoceratina ............................................................... 171, 212 pseudolacunosa, Aplysina ....................................................177 pseudomolitba, Haliclona ......................................................100 pseudos, Pseudosuberites ..........................................................67 Pseudosuberites ...................................................... 67, 197, 212 pseudotoxa, Callyspongia ....................................................100 pseudotoxa, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) ...................100, 215 Ptilocaulis ..................................78, 91, 196, 197, 198, 211, 214 pumiceus, Dactylocalyx .......................................................180 pumiceus stutchburyi, Dactylocalyx.......................................180 pumilio, Desmacella ...............................................................152 pura, Leucaltis ..........................................................................36 purpurata, Mycale (Naviculina) .........................................158 purpurea, Myriastra ......................................................... 42, 211 purpurea, Stelletta ............................................................ 42, 214 pusilla, Microciona .................................................................150 putridosa, Oceanapia ..................................................110, 213 putridosa, Rhizochalina ................................................. 110, 213 pydanieli, Dosilia ................................................. 125, 126, 210 pygmaea, Uruguaya ...............................................................138 pygmaea, Uruguayella ...........................................................138 Q quadripartita, Mycale ..........................................................157 quadripartita, Mycale (Mycale)...........................................157 quadriradiata, Clathrina ......................................................34 quirimure, Craniella ............................................................170 R Racekiela ............................................................... 130, 131, 205 radiata, Tetilla ..............................................................170, 171 Radiella .................................................................................197 Radiospongilla .................................81, 123, 131, 132, 208, 212 radovani, Acanthacarnus ............................................... 145, 205 radovani, Acarnus ................................................. 81, 145, 205 ramosa, Callyspongia .............................................................206 ramosa, Gelliodes .........................................................104, 105 ramosa, Hircinia ......................................................................58 ramosa, Ircinia .......................................................................58 ramosa, Spongelia pallescens fragilis var. ......................... 56, 213 ramosum, Leiodermatium .....................................................144 ramosum, Psammoclema .......................................................159 ramosum, Siphonidium .......................................................144 ramosus, Anchinoe ......................................................... 163, 205 ramosus, Aphrocallistes ..........................................................180 ramosus, Phorbas ................................................... 84, 163, 205 ramsayi, Ephydatia ................................................................126 ramsayi, Ephydatia fluviatilis ................................................126 ramsayi forma talaensis, Ephydatia ......................................126 raphida, Cliona ................................................................66, 77 raphidifera, Coelosphaera ...................................................159 raphidifera, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) ................159, 208 raphidifera, Fibularia ..................................................... 159, 208 Raspaciona ............................................................................197 Raspailia ....................................82, 83, 149, 150, 197, 206, 212 Raspailia (Raspailia) ............................................. 82, 149, 206 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) ................................... 83, 149, 150, 212 247 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Raspailiidae ...................................................................148, 197 Raspailiinae ..........................................................................149 Raspaxilla ............................................................... 149, 150, 212 rea, Anacanthaea .....................................................................96 rea, Epipolasis ...........................................................................96 rea, Myrmekioderma ......................................................96, 211 recife, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) .................... 83, 160, 212 recife, Psammochela ....................................................... 160, 212 recurvata, Acalle ................................................... 110, 214, 216 recurvata, Spongilla ....................................................... 110, 214 recurvata, Tubella .......................................................... 110, 216 reiswigi, Epipolasis ...................................................................96 reiswigi, Lophocalyx .............................................................183 Reniera ....................................................100, 101, 102, 107, 165 renieroides, Chalinula ............................................................100 reniformis, Chondrosia .................................................... 53, 206 Reniochalina ............................................................................89 repens, Trochospongilla ............................... 123, 138, 139, 216 repens, Uruguaya ................................................... 138, 139, 216 repens, Uruguayella ........................................................ 122, 138 reptans, Desmacidon ...................................................... 162, 207 reticulata, Axinella ........................................................... 89, 205 reticulata, Dragmacidon .................................................. 90, 207 reticulata, Metania .......................116, 120, 138, 194, 214, 216 reticulata, Pseudaxinella .................................................. 89, 212 reticulata, Spongilla ............................................... 115, 116, 214 reticulata, Tubella .......................................................... 116, 216 reticulatum, Dragmacidon ...................... 89, 90, 205, 207, 212 reticulatus, Dragmacidon ................................................ 90, 207 reticulatus, Tarrus ....................................................................34 reticulum, Ascandra .................................................................34 reticulum, Ascometra ...............................................................34 reticulum, Auloplegma .............................................................34 reticulum, Clathrina ..............................................................34 reticulum, Clistolynthus ...........................................................34 reticulum, Leucosolenia ...........................................................34 reticulum, Nardoa ....................................................................34 reticulum, Nardopsis ................................................................34 reticulum, Nardorus .................................................................34 reticulum, Olynthus .................................................................34 reticulum, Soleniscus ................................................................34 reticulum, Tarrus .....................................................................34 retiformis, Ascandra .................................................................34 revizee, Erylus .........................................................................46 Rhabdastrella ..................................................... 41, 42, 74, 197 Rhabdastrella (Aurorella) ........................................................41 Rhabderemia ......................................................... 150, 151, 197 Rhabderemiidae ...................................................................150 Rhaphidistia .........................................................................197 Rhaphidophlus ....................................................... 147, 148, 212 Rhizochalina .................................................. 109, 110, 184, 213 rhizophora, Reniera ................................................................102 rhizophyta, Cinachyra .................................................... 168, 206 ringueleti, Uruguaya ..............................................................138 248 ringueleti, Uruguayella .................................................. 138, 216 riograndensis, Geodia ............................................................49 robusta, Callyspongia..............................................................206 robusta, Dysidea ..............................................................57, 76 robusta, Isodictya ...................................................................108 robusta, Oceanapia .................................................. 80, 109, 211 robusta, Toxochalina ...................................................... 100, 215 rocasensis, Acanthotetilla ............................................167, 184 Roosa ......................................................................................141 roquensis, Topsentia .................................................................95 rosacea, Halichondria ............................................................164 rosea, Aplysilla ........................................................................54 rosea, Euryspongia ...........................................................57, 76 rosea, Verongia .........................................................................54 roseus, Leucascus ....................................................................36 Rossella ...................................................................................183 Rossellidae ............................................................................182 rubra, Tethya ..........................................................................87 rudifera, Leucandra ................................................. 28, 29, 210 rudifera, Leuconia ....................................................................28 ruetzleri, Dictyonella ........................................................ 92, 207 ruetzleri, Scopalina .......................................... 79, 92, 207, 216 ruetzleri, Stelletta ...................................................................43 ruetzleri, Ulosa ................................................................. 92, 216 rusbyi, Drulia .........................................................................112 rusbyi, Drulia brownii var......................................................112 rusbyi, Parmula ......................................................................112 rusbyi, Parmula brownii var. .................................................112 rustica, Pachychalina .............................................................105 ryderi, Heteromeyenia ...........................................................131 S sacca, Grantessa ........................................................................29 Saccocalyx .............................................................................182 sacculata, Leucandra ........................................................ 25, 210 sacculata, Leucilla ..........................................................25, 210 sacculata, Leuconia .......................................................... 25, 210 salvadori, Jaspis ................................................................41, 74 Samidae .................................................................................171 Samus ..............................................................................51, 171 sanguinea, Hymeniacidon ............................................... 94, 209 sanguinea, Spongia ..................................................................94 sanguineus, Hymeniacidon .............................................. 94, 209 Sarcotragus .....................................................................60, 209 Sarostegia ..............................................................................197 Saturnospongilla ..................................................................132 scalaris, Cacospongia................................................................63 Scalarispongia .......................................................... 63, 77, 206 scarlatum, Prosuberites ..........................................................161 Sceptrella ...............................................................................197 sceptroides, Spongilla .............................................................131 sceptrum, Agelas .....................................................................39 sceptrum, Alcyonium ...............................................................39 schmidti, Agelas ................................................................39, 40 Taxonomic Index schmidti, Cliona ......................................................................66 schmidti, Hyalonema ...........................................................178 schmidti, Hyalonema (Coscinonema) ................................178 schmidti, Vioa ..........................................................................66 Schmidtia ...............................................................................107 schmidtii, Tribrachion ..............................................................43 schmidtii, Tribrachium .............................................. 43, 44, 75 schubarti, Oncosclera ...........................................................120 schubarti, Spongilla.................................................................120 schubarti, Spongilla (Euspongilla) .........................................120 Scolopes .............................................................................64, 77 Scopalina ..............................................79, 91, 92, 197, 207, 216 seckti, Corvospongilla ..................................................124, 207 senegalensis, Mycale ....................................................... 156, 211 sepia, Guitarra ..............................................................153, 191 sericata, Leucandra ..................................................................30 sericatum, Aphroceras ...................................................... 30, 205 sericatum, Leuconia .................................................................30 sericatum, Vosmaeropsis ................................................30, 205 serrata, Leucandra .................................................................29 seychellensis, Alemo ..................................................................87 seychellensis, Tethya ...............................................................87 sheilae, Acanthodiscus .................................................... 131, 205 sheilae, Anheteromeyenia ............................................... 131, 205 sheilae, Racekiela .........................................................131, 205 Sidonops...................................................................... 48, 49, 213 sieboldi, Hyalonema ...............................................................178 Sigmaxinella ...................................................................83, 152 Sigmatoxella............................................................................152 simplex, Asteropus ............................................................ 40, 205 simplex, Leucascus ..................................................................36 simplex, Plakortis ........................................................... 141, 212 simplex, Samus .........................................................................51 simplex, Stellettinopsis .............................................................40 simplicissima, Eurete ..............................................................181 sinuatus, Spongosorites ............................................................95 Siphonidiidae .......................................................................143 Siphonidium .........................................................................144 soesti, Erylus ....................................................................46, 208 solangeae, Aplysina ........................................................84, 178 Soleniscus .................................................................................34 sollasi, Characella .....................................................................50 sollasi, Poecillastra ............................................................ 50, 212 soteropolitana, Stelletta .........................................................43 souriei, Acanthacarnus ...........................................................145 souriei, Acarnus ....................................................................145 souriei, Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) .........................................145 sparsus, Agelas .................................................................. 38, 205 sphaerica, Paraleucilla ...................................................26, 195 sphaeroconia, Caminus ...................................................44, 75 sphaeroidocladus, Thrombus ...................................................52 sphaeroidocladus, Yucatania .................................................52 Sphaerotylus .........................................................................197 Spheciospongia ........................................... 64, 67, 77, 197, 212 Sphinctrella ...................................................................... 52, 213 spinata, Metania .......................................... 116, 117, 210, 216 spinata, Tedania ...................................................................167 spinata, Tedania (Trachytedania) ..............................167, 215 spinata, Trachytedania ...........................................................167 spinata, Tubella ...................................................... 117, 137, 216 spinifera, Oncosclera ............................................................120 spinifera, Stratospongilla ........................................................120 spinomicroxea, Biemna .......................................................151 spinosa, Crella ......................................................................162 spinosa, Crella (Grayella) ...................................... 84, 162, 207 spinosa, Crelloxea ........................................................... 162, 207 Spinosella .................................................................................99 spinosigma, Paresperella.........................................................211 spinosulus, Filifera (Sarcotragus) .............................................60 Spirasigmidae .......................................................................197 Spirastrella .....................................64, 66, 70, 71, 197, 206, 213 Spirastrellidae .........................................................................70 Spirophorida ........................................................................167 splendida, Geodia ...................................................................49 spoliata, Pottsiela ................................................... 81, 130, 214 spoliata, Spongilla .................................................. 129, 130, 214 Spongelia .................................................................... 56, 60, 213 Spongia ...................27, 30, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 90, 93, 94, 99, 100, 101, 103, 106, 107, 126, 133, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 163, 174, 176, 190, 198, 208, 209, 213, 214 Spongia (Heterofibria) ...........................................................61 Spongia (Spongia) .................................... 61, 62, 208, 209, 213 Spongiidae ......................................................................60, 198 Spongilla ....... 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 214 Spongilla (Euspongilla) ..........................................................120 Spongilla (Stratospongilla) .................................... 118, 120, 121 Spongillidae ..................................................................123, 198 Spongillina ............................................................................110 Spongosorites ............................................................ 90, 95, 198 stalagmitis, Reniochalina .........................................................89 stauridia, Sycetta ......................................................................29 stellata, Halicometes .................................................................86 stellata, Hymedesmia ...............................................................88 Stelletta ................. 41, 42, 43, 44, 50, 74, 75, 198, 211, 212, 214 Stelletta (Pilochrota) ....................................................... 42, 214 Stellettinopsis ............................................................................40 stellifasciata, Timea ...............................................................88 Stelospongia ........................................................................ 62, 63 Stelospongus ..................................................................... 59, 214 stendelli, Potamolepis .............................................................121 stepanowii, Heteromeyenia .................................... 127, 128, 209 stepanowii, Heteromeyenia bailey var....................................128 Sterrastrolepis ....................................................... 121, 122, 214 stipitata, Polymastia ................................................................71 stipitata, Stylocordyla ................................................. 71, 78, 214 stipitata, Stylorhiza ..................................................................71 Stoeba ....................................................................... 51, 198, 214 249 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera Stratospongilla ........................................118, 120, 121, 122, 214 strobilina, Ircinia ................................................... 59, 209, 214 strobilina, Spongia ...................................................................59 Strongylacidon ..............................................................190, 198 Strongylamma ......................................................................198 stutchburyi, Dactylocalyx pumiceus ......................................180 Stylaxinella ............................................................... 91, 198, 214 stylifera, Gastrophanella ................................................ 143, 208 Stylinos ............................................................................. 91, 214 Stylocordyla ............................................................... 71, 78, 214 Stylocordylidae .......................................................................71 Stylorhiza .................................................................................71 Stylotella ...................................................................................94 styx, Myrmekioderma ...................................................... 96, 211 suberea, Euplectella ..............................................................182 suberea, Papillina .....................................................................65 Suberites ....................... 69, 72, 85, 141, 198, 209, 212, 214, 215 Suberitidae ......................................................................71, 198 subglobosus, Dactylocalyx ......................................................180 subtilis, Metania ...................................................................117 subtriangularis, Neopetrosia ...............................................107 subtriangularis, Spongia ........................................................107 subtriangularis, Xestospongia ................................................107 sulfurea, Halichondria ...........................................................93 sulfurea, Halichondria (Halichondria) ................................93 surgens, Ectyoplasia ferox .......................................................149 sventres, Agelas .......................................................................40 Sycandra ........................................................................... 31, 215 Sycarium ................................................................... 25, 31, 215 Sycetta ......................................................................................29 Sycettidae ........................................................................31, 198 Sycettusa .............................................29, 30, 198, 205, 208, 211 Sycinula .............................................................................. 27, 31 Sycodendrum ............................................................................31 Sycon ........................................................................ 31, 198, 215 Syconella ........................................................................... 31, 215 Syculmis ............................................................................ 25, 215 Sycum ......................................................................................31 Sycurus ............................................................................ 25, 215 symbiotica, Spheciospongia ..................................... 67, 77, 197 Sympagella ............................................................................198 synapta, Amphoriscus ....................................................25, 215 synapta, Sycarium ............................................................ 25, 215 synapta, Syculmis ............................................................. 25, 215 synapta, Sycurus ............................................................... 25, 215 Synops................................................................... 47, 48, 49, 215 T tabula, Spongia ......................................................................149 talaensis, Ephydatia ramsayi forma ......................................126 Tarrus .......................................................................................34 Tedania ...........................................160, 165, 166, 167, 198, 215 Tedania (Tedania) ........................................ 165, 166, 167, 215 Tedania (Tedaniopsis) .......................................... 165, 166, 167 250 Tedania (Trachytedania) .............................................167, 215 Tedaniidae .............................................................................165 Tedaniopsis ..................................................................... 165, 166 Teichaxinella ............................................................ 89, 198, 215 Tenaciella................................................................................147 tenda, Vomerula .....................................................................153 tenebrica, Halichondria .........................................................94 tenebrica, Halichondria (Halichondria) ..............................93 tenerrima, Callyspongia ........................................................99 tenerrima, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) .............................99 tenerrima, Callyspongia (Spinosella) ......................................99 tenui-laminaris, Azorica pfeifferae ................................ 142, 206 tenuis, Basiectyon ........................................................... 149, 206 tenuis, Raspailia ...................................................................149 tenuis, Raspailia (Raspailia) ................................. 82, 149, 206 tenuissima, Hymedesmia .......................................................164 tenuissima, Hymenancora ...........................................164, 211 tenuissima, Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) ............................... 164, 211 tenuissima, Trochospongilla ...................................................135 tenuissima, Verongia .............................................. 176, 177, 216 Terpios ........................................................... 57, 72, 78, 85, 199 tertia, Thorecta exemplum var. ................................................63 tetela, Guancha .......................................................................35 Tethea .......................................................................................51 Tethya .....................................70, 86, 87, 88, 170, 199, 207, 215 Tethyidae .................................................................................86 tethyoides, Craniella ...............................................................169 Tethytimea .............................................................. 87, 199, 215 Tetilla ..................................................... 168, 170, 171, 199, 215 Tetillidae ........................................................................167, 199 tetractina, Clathrina ..............................................................34 tetraverticillata, Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ......................144 textile, Cornulum ...................................................................146 Thalysias .......................................................66, 70, 71, 106, 165 Thenea .....................................................................................51 Theonellidae .................................................................144, 199 Thoosa ...................................................................................199 Thorecta ............................................................ 63, 64, 154, 199 Thorectidae .....................................................................62, 199 Thrinacophora .......................................................... 83, 89, 150 Thrinacophorinae ................................................................150 Thrombidae ....................................................................52, 199 Thrombus ........................................................................52, 199 thumi, Corvomeyenia .......................................... 111, 117, 216 thumi, Tubella ........................................................ 111, 117, 216 Timea ............................................................... 88, 148, 199, 215 Timeidae ..................................................................................88 Tisiphonia ................................................................................51 topsenti, Erylus ................................................................. 46, 208 Topsentia ......................................................... 95, 191, 199, 208 tonollii, Oncosclera ..............................................................121 tonollii, Spongilla ...................................................................121 tonollii, Spongilla (Stratospongilla) .......................................121 toxeata, Acarnus .............................................................82, 146 Taxonomic Index toxiformis, Erylus ...................................................................46 Toxochalina ............................................................ 100, 199, 215 Trachycladus .........................................................................199 Trachygellius ........................................................... 168, 169, 215 Trachytedania ................................................................ 167, 215 transiens, Erylus ............................................................... 44, 208 transiens, Stelletta ....................................................................44 Tribrachion ...............................................................................43 Tribrachium ................................................................ 43, 44, 75 trilabis, Ectoforcepia ....................................................... 160, 207 trilabis, Forcepia ...................................................................160 trilabis, Forcepia (Forcepia) .................................. 83, 160, 207 trilopha, Plakina ..................................................................140 trincomalensis, Euspongia.........................................................62 trincomalensis, Spongia.................................................... 62, 213 trisigmata, Biemna ..............................................................151 Trochospongilla .... 116, 123, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 208, 210, 214, 215, 216 Trypespongia ............................................................................60 Tuba .........................................................................................98 Tubella ............. 110, 111, 116, 117, 133, 136, 137, 138, 215, 216 tuberculata, Drulia brownii var. ............................................112 tuberculata, Parmula brownii var. ................................. 112, 211 tubifera, Haliclona .......................................................102, 191 tubifera, Haliclona (Reniera) ......................................101, 102 tubifera, Reniera ....................................................................101 tubifex, Coelosphaera .............................................................159 tubulata, Agelas ......................................................................40 tubulifera var. corlosiformis, Spongia officinalis ......................62 tubulifera var. mollis, Spongia officinalis ......................... 62, 213 tubulifera var. pertusa, Spongia officinalis ...............................62 tubulifera var. prava, Spongia officinalis .................................62 turbinata, Tedaniopsis ...........................................................166 turgida, Spongia .......................................................................63 tylastra, Geodia ................................................................50, 76 Tylodesma ...............................................................................152 tylota, Artemisina ........................................................... 146, 205 tylota, Lissodendoryx (Anomodoryx) ................... 83, 160, 212 tylota, Psammochela ...................................................... 160, 212 tylotum, Cornulum ................................................ 82, 146, 205 typica, Raspailia .....................................................................149 typus, Corallistes ................................................... 142, 143, 207 typus, Coscinospongia .................................................... 143, 207 U Ulosa ................................................................ 92, 152, 199, 216 umbellifera, Leptosia ..............................................................164 unguifera, Monanchora .........................................................161 unguiferus, Echinostylinos ............................... 83, 161, 162, 207 uruguaiensis, Rhabderemia .................................................151 uruguaiensis, Rhabderemia (Rhabderemia) ..........................151 Uruguaya ........................122, 123, 133, 138, 139, 207, 214, 216 Uruguayella .................................................... 122, 133, 138, 216 uruguayensis, Drulia ...................................................114, 118 Ute ............................................................................................25 uter, Leucilla ............................................................. 25, 26, 210 V vagabundus var. annexa, Desmacella ....................................152 vagabundus var. annexa, Desmacodes ...................................152 vaginalis, Callyspongia ..........................................................99 vaginalis, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) .......................99, 100 vaginalis, Callyspongia (Spinosella)........................................ 99 vaginalis, Spinosella .................................................................99 vaginalis, Spinosella vaginalis forma .......................................99 vaginalis, Spongia ....................................................................99 vanhoeffeni, Tedania ....................................................165, 166 vanhoeffeni, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) ............................166, 167 vanhoffeni, Tedania ............................................... 165, 166, 167 vanhoffeni, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) .........................................165 vansoesti, Igernella ...................................................................56 variabilis, Dysidea ....................................................................57 variabilis, Haliclona ...............................................................103 variabilis, Pachychalina .........................................................103 variabilis, Spongosorites ...........................................................90 variabilis, Trochospongilla ..................................................139 variabilis var. arachnoides, Ascandra........................................30 varians, Anthosigmella ..................................................... 66, 205 varians, Cliona ....................................................... 66, 205, 213 varians, Spirastrella ......................................................... 66, 213 varians, Thalysias .....................................................................66 variantia, Halichondria .........................................................151 vastifica, Cliona ........................................................................67 velata, Spongelia ......................................................................60 ventilabra, Spongia ..................................................................90 ventilabrum, Halichondria ......................................................90 ventilabrum, Phakellia ..................................................... 90, 211 ventilabrum var. connexiva, Phakellia ............................. 90, 211 vermiculata coocki var. ditelliformis, Spongia ................. 62, 213 vermiculata ditelliformis, Spongia ................................... 62, 213 vermiculata, Spongia ....................................................... 62, 213 Verongia .................... 54, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 199, 200, 216 Verongida ..............................................................................171 Verongula ..............................................................................178 vesparia, Cliona .......................................................................67 vesparia, Spheciospongia ..........................................................67 vesparium, Alcyonium .............................................................67 vesparium, Spheciospongia ...........................................67, 212 vickersii, Cyamon .........................................................148, 215 vickersii, Dictyocylindrus .......................................................148 vigilans, Sycon ........................................................................31 Viles ..........................................................................................95 villosa, Callyspongia ............................................................100 villosa, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) .................................100 villosa, Dactylochalina............................................................100 villosa, Esperiopsis ..................................................................152 villosa, Spongia ......................................................................100 Vioa ...................................................................... 41, 64, 66, 216 251 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera violacea, Holoxea .............................................................40, 74 virgula, Rhabdastrella .....................................................42, 74 virgultosa, Spongia ................................................... 60, 147, 214 viridis, Amphimedon ...........................................................104 viridis, Haliclona ....................................................................104 viridis, Haliclona (Amphimedon) ..........................................104 viridis var. carteri, Cliona ................................................ 64, 207 volkmeri, Corvospongilla .............................................125, 207 Vomerula ................................................................................153 vosmaeri, Geodia ........................................................ 47, 48, 208 vosmaeri, Synops .................................................. 47, 48, 49, 215 Vosmaeropsis ........................................................... 30, 200, 205 Vulcanella ................................................................ 52, 200, 213 Vulcanella (Vulcanella) ..................................................52, 213 vulcani, Caminus .....................................................................44 W wagneri, Spongilla .......................................................... 133, 214 walpersi, Pandaros ...................................................................91 252 walpersi, Ptilocaulis ...............................................................91 walteri, Acanthotetilla .........................................................167 Waltherarndtia .....................................................................200 weinbergi, Petrosia ...............................................................107 weinbergi, Petrosia (Petrosia) ............................... 80, 107, 196 wiedenmayeri, Agelas ......................................................39, 40 Wilsonella ...............................................................................148 X Xestospongia ....................................80, 106, 107, 197, 200, 212 Y Yucatania ................................................................................52 Z zeae, Chalinula .....................................................................101 zyggompha, Plakortis .............................................................141 zyggompha, Roosa ..................................................................141 Zygomycale ..................................................................... 158, 216 VIII. 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Abhandlungen der MathematischPhysikalischen Classe der Königlich-Bayerischen Akademie der Wisseneschaften, 13(1), 1–63. 299 Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera T he scientific interest for sponges (Phylum Porifera) in Brazil has grown enormously in the last decades. Unfortunately, the increase in the number of articles also increased the confusion in the taxonomy of sponges of Brazil, mainly due to the instability of sponge classification, to misunderstandings of synonyms, and to a large number of articles published by non-taxonomists or in relatively obscure, regional journals. It became thus necessary to revise and organize the literature citations of sponges from Brazil, in an attempt to determine which and how many sponge species occur in the Brazilian extensive hydrographic basins and Exclusive Economic Zone. This catalogue is a compilation of all names of sponge species ever reported from Brazil and all the relevant references about Brazilian sponges up to year 2010. Valid species names are separated from non-accepted names and unidentified species, reported as affinis (aff.), confer (cf.), or species (sp.). Taxonomic changes implicit in the literature are updated and formalized. For each species are listed all names used to refer to it with the corresponding references and pages, the type specimens, the type locality, the precise location of each record, and its distribution in Brazil and in the world; remarks are added when necessary. This catalogue also provides lists of species reported for each locality and tries to detect and to correct several misinterpretations about the identity, classification and distribution of the sponges reported from Brazil. It points out the endemic species, the species with taxonomic problems that need revision, and the poorly known regions and localities that need more collections. This catalogue is meant to be a tool for the sponge taxonomist as a guide to the specialized literature about Porifera of Brazil, and hopefully will provide a more solid basis for the future development of sponge taxonomy in Brazil. Front cover: Marine sponges from Brazil. Clockwise from top left: Ectyoplasia ferox , Paraleucilla magna, Callyspongia pergamentacea, Clathrina aurea, Petrosia weinbergi. photos guilherme muricy. Left: Heteromeyenia cristalina, a freshwater sponge. photo ulisses pinheiro.